[HN Gopher] Adults who microdose psychedelics report lower level...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Adults who microdose psychedelics report lower levels of depression
       and anxiety [pdf]
        
       Author : miobrien
       Score  : 239 points
       Date   : 2021-11-19 15:36 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | This seems to be a version of "owning horses makes you healthier"
        
       | xzywy wrote:
       | Outcomes of the study aside, it is great that despite the
       | legality of these substances, we are seeing research beginning to
       | bubble up into popular culture. I believe they can help a lot of
       | people, and are so under researched!
        
       | zepto wrote:
       | Homeopathic psychedelics are even more effective.
        
       | comeonseriously wrote:
       | Of course they do, that's why they're microdosing psychedelics.
        
       | sedeki wrote:
       | Several people here in the comments point out the lack of quality
       | of the linked study.
       | 
       | I am not a researcher so I wouldn't be able to "see" or figure
       | out these things or know what to look for myself, unfortunately.
       | 
       | But this is Nature, a well-respected journal, no?
       | 
       | I'm surprised that they're essentially posting clickbait
       | studies...
        
         | krrrh wrote:
         | Co-author here, the discussion section of the paper details
         | many of the limitations raised by commenters here in greater
         | depth. People seem to be debunking claims that aren't made in
         | the paper. I'm biased but I don't think Nature Scientific
         | Reports can be accused of publishing clickbait in this case.
        
       | da39a3ee wrote:
       | Surely this analysis is completely flawed unless they were able
       | to introduce placebos unwittingly to the participants who thought
       | they were microdosing?
       | 
       | Otherwise you've got a bunch of people who are the sorts of
       | people who are going to try microdosing. Of course they're going
       | to answer questionnaires in a way that scores them as less
       | depressed. Firstly because they're less depressed people (can be
       | bothered to work out how the hell to get hold of the stuff) and
       | secondly because they're not stupid and know what sorts of
       | answers will influence the score in what direction).
       | 
       | Totally did not read the paper. Someone tell me I'm wrong please!
        
       | aseerdbnarng wrote:
       | People who seek out drugs are not a good proxy for the general
       | population
        
         | vadfa wrote:
         | A microdoser is not an average drug-seeker.
        
           | metalliqaz wrote:
           | This might be true but in no way refutes grandparent's point.
        
           | monkeybutton wrote:
           | Not average as in someone that is doctor shopping to get
           | high, but it is someone that self-selected themselves for it.
           | How much of the effect is placebo? Skimming the paper it is
           | not mentioned except in the title of one reference.
        
             | vadfa wrote:
             | We're talking about mental health. If it's placebo, what's
             | the practical difference?
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | I'm a big believer in medical use of psychedelics, but if
               | the effect is strictly due to placebo, then there are
               | cheaper and safer placebos we can give.
        
               | vadfa wrote:
               | Only that placebos won't work if you know they are
               | placebos. Which means if doctors get a reputation for
               | giving out placebos, they will stop working.
        
               | luckydata wrote:
               | no you're wrong. The placebo effect works even if you are
               | aware of meds being fake. Look it up.
        
               | teataster wrote:
               | I ate two bananas before my motorcycle test for their
               | placebo effects to calm nerves. Cool as a cucumber I
               | passed without a jitter on the throttle. It's anect-
               | data-l. I know.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Placebos actually do work even if the patient knows they
               | are placebos (source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/a
               | rticle?id=10.1371/journal...), but regardless, how do you
               | keep the patients from finding out that the psychedelics
               | are just placebos? Why not just use some other realistic-
               | sounding placebo like a rare herb or something?
        
               | lostmsu wrote:
               | I think you misunderstand placebo. The placebo is needed
               | foremost to reduce falsely reporting positive and
               | negative effects after the study. E.G. for most drugs not
               | beating placebo is essentially the same as zero or even
               | negative effect. The rare exceptions when giving sugar
               | water actually improves something because person thought
               | they got a cure are themselves very anecdotal.
        
               | monkeybutton wrote:
               | Well not being a restricted drug is a practical
               | difference. Don't get me wrong, I'm not against
               | microdosing or anything. I'm just skeptical. I've
               | listened to one too many acid-head's long winded speeches
               | about enlightenment to take what people are self
               | reporting about it seriously.
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | Sounds like a dinner party in SF
        
             | hellbannedguy wrote:
             | Very few drugs doctors prescribe for depression, or
             | anxiety, get you high.
             | 
             | After trying at least 7 antidepressants over the years; I
             | sometimes wonder exactly how much over Placebo do they
             | work.
             | 
             | My doctor finally came clean one day. Antidepressants at
             | their best might give you a bit more energy.
             | 
             | I noticed he started prescribing bupenorpine off label for
             | treatment resistant depression. I understand why. I think
             | he got tired of seeing patients not responding to
             | traditional antidepresssants.
             | 
             | Most psychiatrists will not deviate from the old standbys
             | though, even the progressive doctors.
             | 
             | (I can offer this. With time you will start to feel better.
             | Everyone's biology is different. My depression when it hits
             | sometimes takes a few weeks/months to lighten up, but it
             | always lightened up, and wasen't tied to situational
             | circumstances.)
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | Your comment has an interesting perspective, but I
               | disagree that anti-depressants would solely give you more
               | energy as a treatment.
               | 
               | The vast majority of them these days are SSRI, which
               | effectively raises the level of serotonin that your body
               | (not just brain) functions under. If anything, they will
               | tend to make you more tired and blunt mood swings.
               | 
               | Bupropion, on the other hand, is a wonder drug for me
               | that seems to effectively remove the bottom of my
               | depression without really causing any other side-effects
               | (except maybe a subtle positive effect on ADHD symptoms).
        
               | bashonly wrote:
               | > Very few drugs doctors prescribe for depression, or
               | anxiety, get you high.
               | 
               | except for that whole class of drugs called
               | benzodiazepines
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | In this case someone that isn't having a pleasant effect
           | isn't still using it
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | "A microdoser is not an average drug-seeker."
           | 
           | They are not an average anything, i.e. not representative of
           | anything really, which is the OP's point.
        
             | realce wrote:
             | It's not even factually true - 66% of the US population is
             | on a prescription drug. The average citizen is a "drug
             | seeker" of some type.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | First, even if your statement was correct, it would say
               | nothing about the OP (or my) issues of selective
               | sampling.
               | 
               | Second, people who receive medicine for their ailments
               | are not 'drug seekers' by any stretch of the imagination.
               | People do not 'seek' blood thinners arbitrarily, people
               | seek drugs which provide some kind of physical or
               | psychoactive experience i.e. cocaine, opiods, thc. Very
               | few prescription drugs fit that category.
        
               | realce wrote:
               | I sincerely disagree with your somewhat puritanical
               | definition of drug seeking. If someone seeks marijuana to
               | relieve their misery, it's "arbitrary drug seeking
               | behaviour" but if it's blood thinners, then you're
               | just... not looking for drugs to provide a cure? That
               | makes no sense.
               | 
               | I certainly do seek out blood thinners, antidepressants,
               | antibiotics, ect, if I am suffering from illnesses that
               | they provide relief for. Nobody seeks out drugs
               | "arbitrarily" whatsoever. You seem to think that people
               | who use narcotics to address their pain aren't worthy of
               | a medical definition that is reserved for people who
               | obtain their medication from a pharma company.
               | 
               | It's plain cognitive dissonance.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | It's 'cognitive dissonance' to contemplate those getting
               | prescriptions for diabetes, cancer and chemo as 'drug
               | seekers' who are in any way remotely similar to those
               | buying illegal drugs, most of which are not purchased for
               | therapeutic value.
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | People who use blanket statements unsupported by facts don't
         | bring much to a conversation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ensacco wrote:
       | More anecdotal than anything else, my fiance suffered from
       | crippling anxiety and moderate depression until mushrooms. Since
       | then, she's come leaps and bounds, and she attributes quite a bit
       | of this to her trip.
       | 
       | As for myself, it helped me get over a mountain of grief after a
       | rough childhood. I feel like there's no way I'd be where I am or
       | forgive as much as I have unless I had taken them.
       | 
       | No, they're not addictive. No, you can't take them repeatedly
       | within a short time span. Yes, they're decriminalized/legalized
       | in _many_ areas.
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | That's all nice and dandy, but with severe mental issues you
         | mention, you both were much more lucky than you clearly
         | realize. Shrooms can do true magic, but can easily drag you to
         | the deepest sewer your mind can come up with, and drown you
         | there. In extreme cases, it can literally break you, sometimes
         | forever. There are people who end up in psychiatric ward for
         | the rest of their lives after single acid trip, sometimes after
         | way too high dose, sometimes not.
         | 
         | There is no way to guarantee the outcome the first time, that's
         | why medical expert supervision is important, especially for
         | people with mental issues/baggage.
         | 
         | That is all being said by person who did shrooms few times,
         | alone, laying with closed eyes and the journey inward and back,
         | with dissolution and later recomposition of every sense and
         | part of my being as a bonus. By far the strongest experience in
         | my life. It was absolutely amazing and beyond positive. But I
         | don't have any mental or childhood issues and am very balanced
         | person who knows himself pretty well (also thanx to these
         | experiences).
        
           | akomtu wrote:
           | This is textbook fearmongering: handpicking bad outcomes to
           | paint the wrong picture. I bet the risk of losing mind after
           | shrooms is much lower than dying in a car accident.
        
           | krrrh wrote:
           | Our understanding of the effects of set and setting has come
           | a long way, and a lot of bad experiences can be chalked up to
           | not taking these into account. The understanding of severe
           | psychological conditions that would serve as a
           | contraindication for psychedelic medicine is also
           | progressing.
           | 
           | On the subject of bad trips (or the better term "challenging
           | experiences"), Roland Griffith's lab at Johns Hopkins has
           | found that people who had "bad trips" on psilocybin often
           | actually experienced better long term improvements. Sometimes
           | the best way out is through, and these medicines appear to
           | help people confront issues that they have a hard time facing
           | through standard approaches.
           | 
           | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/qanda_griffiths.h.
           | ..
        
           | gunshai wrote:
           | >there are people that end up in psychiatric wards after one
           | acid trip.
           | 
           | Really, where have you heard this. I have only heard myths
           | about this. Do we have any collections of data for these
           | cases?
           | 
           | Something that is interesting is one of the lead researchers
           | in the area professes that the disclaimer about psychotic
           | episodes due to psychedelics in research is not based on any
           | study more of a fear of tainting the study outcomes.
        
           | dokem wrote:
           | I'm sorry but your comment is fear mongering. The idea that
           | psychedelics are dangerous unless you are 'mentally healthy'
           | misses the point of these substances entirely. Yes they can
           | sometimes do real harm but I would dare to say that those
           | cases are extremely rare and often relate to people with
           | mental ailments like schizophrenia, not issues like
           | depression, anxiety, regret, remorse.
        
           | ensacco wrote:
           | When we considered the permanent and irreversible dependency
           | and damage that years of anti-depressants could have done,
           | the choice seemed to favor mushrooms.
           | 
           | That said, we... - took smaller doses - went with a beginner
           | friendly strain - dosed in a calm, trusting setting - had
           | guides that ensured our safety
           | 
           | Don't take these things lightly, and they'll treat you well.
        
           | sxv wrote:
           | | But I don't have any mental or childhood issues
           | 
           | found the replicant
        
       | sanketpatrikar wrote:
       | How long before this gets serious consideration and a cure for
       | "depression" becomes available?
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | As long as the US continues the war on drugs, maybe 2 or 3
         | generations, based on how marijuana research is playing out.
        
         | createunderrate wrote:
         | Never. While helpful, this is not a cure.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | There was a quite promising study treating depression with
         | psychedelics. Study precipitants reported 3 months of relief
         | from a single dose. I think it was paired with therapy. One
         | study is hardly conclusive. I'd love to see more of those
         | studies.
        
         | lvass wrote:
         | That's the only thing left until our World is indistinguishable
         | from a Brave New one.
        
         | ChipSkylark wrote:
         | I'm not a doctor or health professional of any kind.
         | 
         | But my friend showed me a study a while back of turmeric
         | supplementation and how it can be comparable and in some cases
         | more effective than prozac:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23832433/
         | 
         | I started taking 450-900mg daily and noticed an increase in
         | optimistic perspective and seeing "the point" of doing things
         | during rut of burnout after quitting my last job. Just my
         | story. This is not health advice.
        
           | r1ch wrote:
           | Be careful, turmeric can sometimes be adulterated with lead
           | chromate to give it a more vibrant orange color. Make sure
           | you buy from reputable places that test it if supplementing.
        
         | hbn wrote:
         | If a cure for depression was ever found, you'd be fighting a
         | lot of very rich and very powerful companies with a vested
         | interest in keeping people on their products forever
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | findings : people who like micro dosing report that it helps
        
       | dqpb wrote:
       | I would be more interested to hear the thoughts of the children
       | of adults who microdose psychedelics.
       | 
       | I imagine they would be the best guage of the total net effect.
        
         | awillen wrote:
         | Chris Rock had a good bit about this a couple of decades ago
         | with alcohol and marijuana. To paraphrase, if you want to
         | figure out which is worse, just ask the kids if they'd rather
         | have daddy come home drunk or stoned. Drunk daddy yells and
         | stumbles around and breaks stuff and throws up. Stoned daddy
         | giggles at cartoons and orders pizza.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | Can daddy come home sober, please?
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | I've seen several anecdotes from stay at home parents who
         | microdose psilocybin and say it helps them better connect and
         | play with their children sincerely. I think it's plausible it
         | could facilitate the development of deeper emotional bonds and
         | empathy in some cases. Certainly worthy of study with some
         | reasonable controls.
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | Disclosure: Haven't read the paper yet, time constraints...
       | 
       | One think pointed out when I stumbled about similar papers before
       | was:
       | 
       | The reduction of depression, anxiety, stress from micro-dosing
       | are rediculus small compared to the effects of a more healthy
       | live style and environment. Even just taking a walk in nature for
       | 10min a day often had many times stronger positive effects.
        
         | gunshai wrote:
         | Anecdotally I've seen these effects in someone I care about.
         | They live a very healthy life and do all the other stuff well,
         | but still no effect. They take one medium dose of psychedelics
         | and are transformed for weeks. The effects do wear off. That
         | effect by the way is the extremely esoteric "feeling openness".
         | It is night and day for how they feel socially.
         | 
         | I also have not read this study yet judging from a few comments
         | it's not really randomized or blinded or anything.so the
         | takeaways are very minimal.
        
           | Dumblydorr wrote:
           | I don't think feeling openness is extremely esoteric. One of
           | the five basic personality traits is Open-Mindedness. It
           | allows us to accept data with less bias, prediction, and
           | judgment. It allows us to refresh our browsers, clear our
           | cache, and garbage collect our minds. Open-Mindedness is a
           | wonderful trait that everyone should cultivate.
        
           | throwamon wrote:
           | > They take one medium dose of psychedelics and are
           | transformed for weeks
           | 
           | How much is this "medium dose"? In all likelihood it's not a
           | microdose, which is what is under discussion. It's well known
           | that higher doses can have lasting effects.
        
             | gunshai wrote:
             | You are correct that this isn't in the realm of micro. I
             | was more speaking to the substance than the dose.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | I walk at least two miles a day outside, every day, and have
         | for years. I'm in the middle of a bout of depression, and I was
         | having a very hard time focusing on work while at work. I've
         | been microdosing for two weeks now, and I've noticed a _huge_
         | increase in my productivity at work, as well as my general
         | mood. I guess what I 'm trying to say is that regular
         | exercise/nature can only get me so far, and even a ridiculously
         | small improvement from psilocybin has been a game changer to
         | me. So, why not both?
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | Thanks for the feedback, I appreciate it.
        
           | lostmsu wrote:
           | Almost 100% of people who increase their consumption of
           | cucumbers during common cold feel significantly better after
           | two weeks. Maybe cucumbers work for depression too. You
           | should check them out.
        
             | the-dude wrote:
             | This is unneccessarly snarky and disrespectful.
        
               | lostmsu wrote:
               | Posting low quality anecdata on drugs is disrespectful
               | for the time of people who can validate the data quality,
               | and outright dangerous for the people who can not.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | I'm curious what evidence or reasoning you could offer to
               | substantiate each of these claims.
        
       | FredPret wrote:
       | Tread carefully when altering the processes that constitute your
       | ability to reason. I know somebody who nearly broke their mind by
       | dosing with this and that chemical to self heal their issues.
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | same here. it took them years to get back to almost-baseline,
         | and they still have chronic insomnia triggered by the trip.
        
         | caseyohara wrote:
         | This article is about microdosing, which is very small doses of
         | psychedelics, well under the threshold dose for a proper
         | psychedelic "trip". For psilocybin, a microdose would be on the
         | order of 200mg, which is 1/10th the minimum threshold dose for
         | a full-on trip (2 grams).
         | 
         | Microdosing isn't going to alter your ability to reason.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | Everything looks gravely dangerous if we hand pick bad
         | outcomes.
        
           | i_like_apis wrote:
           | Everything is gravely dangerous if you ignore looking at bad
           | outcomes.
        
         | Archio wrote:
         | Were they microdosing, or repeatedly consuming full doses of
         | psychedelics? Were "this and that chemical" psychedelics at
         | all, or drugs of unknown type and providence? What is the
         | connection to this discussion, which is about adults
         | microdosing psychedelics?
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | Wow, tone it down a notch. It was an adult microdosing on
           | psychedelics.
        
             | rand_r wrote:
             | Which ones?
        
         | Dumblydorr wrote:
         | Sam Harris states that, when it comes to self discovery,
         | meditation is like a sail boat slowly heading towards mental
         | clarity. In contrast, psychedelics are like strapping yourself
         | to a rocket and hoping you see clarity and change your mind
         | along the wild, dangerous ride.
        
         | elwell wrote:
         | I know someone who took psilocybin mushrooms and it seemed to
         | be the beginning / unlocking of schizophrenia for them.
        
           | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
           | That was what happened with Brian Wilson.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Unfortunately in these cases it is difficult to disentangle the
         | effect of the drugs from the underlying problem they were
         | trying to treat.
        
           | tqi wrote:
           | Definitely true, but it feels like proponents have a heads i
           | win tails you lose mindset to these anecdotes. When things go
           | well, it's bc of the drugs, and when things go poorly, it's
           | the underlying issues.
        
       | belval wrote:
       | To me, this study has a few "smells" that makes it dubious:
       | 
       | > We collected cross-sectional data between November 2019 and
       | July 2020 from self-selected respondents recruited via media
       | related to psychedelic use such as podcasts and online
       | psychedelic research conference presentations.
       | 
       | This is already a significant bias in participants.
       | 
       | > Mental health was assessed with the questions "Do you currently
       | have any psychological, mental health or addiction concerns?"
       | Participants who endorsed concerns identified specific mental
       | health and substance use categories from a drop down menu, and
       | were allowed to select more than one category
       | 
       | So mental health is not actually accessed medically and simply
       | self-reported.
       | 
       | To be clear I lack an informed opinion on microdosing
       | psychedelics, but any study that picks its participant from a
       | community engaging in X to study X but then uses the same
       | community to sample their control group (for lack of a better
       | expression) is questionable.
       | 
       | EDIT: Page 6 has a table that compare microdosers/non-microdosers
       | and the latter was actually less likely to self-report *any*
       | mental health or substance use problem by 5%. It's only when
       | using the DASS-21 subscales that they can draw the conclusion
       | that non-microdosers are more anxious, depressed or stressed.
       | Their microdosers/non-microdosers ratio is also almost 1:1.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > > We collected cross-sectional data between November 2019 and
         | July 2020 from self-selected respondents recruited via media
         | related to psychedelic use such as podcasts and online
         | psychedelic research conference presentations.
         | 
         | > This is already a significant bias in participants.
         | 
         | In my experience, these pro-psychedelic conferences and
         | associated discussion venues have already concluded that
         | microdosing is a positive, to the point that they're actively
         | hostile to any information to the contrary.
         | 
         | Psychedelic forums and even threads on HN and Reddit can be
         | extremely hostile to anyone arriving with negative anecdotes
         | about their personal microdosing experiences. When people
         | report negative effects there's a rush to blame them for dosing
         | too high or too low, or for having counterfeit substances, or
         | any other number of easy outs to dismiss the negative
         | anecdotes. There's almost no room for discussion of people who
         | aren't convinced that microdosing is a positive.
        
         | 71a54xd wrote:
         | I support the basis of this study, I myself have benefitted
         | from the practice. However, something that most overlook or
         | simply aren't aware of is that the prolonged use of
         | psychedelics, specifically psilocin (active psych in mushrooms)
         | carries a cardio-toxicity[0]. Put simply, for reasons that
         | aren't yet known, psychedelics over time will slowly erode the
         | lining of certain heart / circulatory muscles.
         | 
         | 0 -
         | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287756303_Psilocin_...
        
           | convolvatron wrote:
           | how high is 10ug/kg? from the dosing chart here
           | https://www.leafly.com/learn/psychedelics/how-to-dose-
           | mushro... it seems quite low.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | Regardless the result, the point here is that this is an idea
         | worth looking into.
        
           | monktastic1 wrote:
           | The question here is whether the paper _supports_ the idea
           | that it 's worth looking into. Your parent comment suggests
           | that it doesn't (or at least, doesn't strongly).
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Probably the key line in the abstract is:
         | 
         | > "Our results indicate health and wellness motives and
         | perceived mental health benefits among microdosers, and
         | highlight the need for further research into the mental health
         | consequences of microdosing including studies with rigorous
         | longitudinal designs."
         | 
         | It's not an unusual approach: 'We have some preliminary
         | indications that X results in Y, but to confirm or reject this
         | hypothesis we'll need more rigorous studies.'
         | 
         | It's basically going to be the centerpiece of a grant proposal
         | to do that work.
         | 
         | What would be really interesting is to set up a double-blind
         | placebo study comparing the results of using antidepressants
         | (SSRIs etc.) with the results of using psilocybin at similar
         | levels.
         | 
         | It would also be interesting to compare the results of a
         | 'normal' psychedelic dose (full effect) taken once a month vs.
         | the effects of daily microdosing or daily antidepressant use,
         | again with a double-blind + placebo approach.
        
           | habitue wrote:
           | Yes! Everyone is trying to reduce risk, and once way
           | scientists[0] reduce risk is to get preliminary results like
           | this before spending a ton of money on a huge study.
           | Absolutely not the final word, it's good to keep in mind the
           | limitations when discussing it.
           | 
           | [0] Translate "scientists" into "the current scientific
           | system between academic researchers and grant agencies"
        
           | snikeris wrote:
           | > What would be really interesting is to set up a double-
           | blind placebo study comparing the results of using
           | antidepressants (SSRIs etc.) with the results of using
           | psilocybin at similar levels.
           | 
           | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2032994
        
             | JasonCannon wrote:
             | >two separate doses of 25 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart
             | plus 6 weeks of daily placebo (psilocybin group) or two
             | separate doses of 1 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart
             | 
             | I don't know how this compares to similar studies (if there
             | are any similar studies) but microdosing is almost never
             | done 3 weeks apart. That's usually the time frame done for
             | macro dosing (but with multiple grams not mg).
             | 
             | Even the study at the top mentions that
             | 
             | >Reported microdoses identifed in observational research
             | typically range from 5 to 20 mg of LSD and from 0.1 to 0.3
             | g of dried psilocybin mushrooms. Microdoses are most
             | commonly used several times a week with various patterns of
             | alternating days.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Can you really be "blind" to taking psychedelics?
             | 
             | Are these doses small enough that you don't notice the
             | immediate effects?
        
               | dntrkv wrote:
               | Placebo can be incredibly strong when taking low dose
               | psychedelics, especially for inexperienced users. You
               | begin to focus on normal parts of reality as if they
               | aren't part of your usual experience.
        
               | lexpsd9834 wrote:
               | If it's correctly microdosed the acutely noticed affects
               | should be very close to placebo.
               | 
               | For lsd this is generally under 15~20ug, though 5ug/10ug
               | is generally what people dose at.
               | 
               | These dosages aren't well established with "proper
               | studies" but I can say that people documenting there
               | experiences seem to establish this pretty well. The
               | psychonauts wiki is a good place for this type of
               | information
        
               | photochemsyn wrote:
               | At the microdose level the obvious hallucinatory effects
               | of psychedelics are not present, so I'd imagine those
               | without prior experience with psychedelics wouldn't
               | immediately realize they had taken an SSRI or a
               | psychedelic.
               | 
               | The above comment study is pretty interesting, points to
               | equivalent effectiveness.
        
               | snikeris wrote:
               | Yeah, it was interesting that they phrased the conclusion
               | negatively:
               | 
               | > On the basis of the change in depression scores on the
               | QIDS-SR-16 at week 6, this trial did not show a
               | significant difference in antidepressant effects between
               | psilocybin and escitalopram in a selected group of
               | patients. Secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin
               | over escitalopram, but the analyses of these outcomes
               | lacked correction for multiple comparisons. Larger and
               | longer trials are required to compare psilocybin with
               | established antidepressants.
               | 
               | For no significant difference in outcome, I'd much rather
               | have two psilocybin sessions versus daily SSRI use.
        
           | stathibus wrote:
           | Can anyone explain to me why a journal like Nature would
           | accept such a half-assed paper with weak conclusions that is
           | transparently serving as a grant proposal for the experiment
           | that would actually be interesting?
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | People who interact with mountain biking posts on social media
         | report less depression whilst mountain biking.
         | 
         | The results of this study are people like to do whatever they
         | are into.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | Huh. This might be less inane than you think.
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | Unfortunately, I don't see what this study adds to the
         | microdosing literature. We already know from plenty of surveys
         | that people will self-report a lot of benefits; and we also
         | already know that adding in randomization, longitudinal
         | tracking, or blinding makes most or all of the effects go away.
         | The simplest explanation is that most or all of it is
         | placebo/demand effect, and running yet another self-selected
         | cross-sectional survey on unblinded participants doesn't help.
        
           | Alacart wrote:
           | > We already know from plenty of surveys that people will
           | self-report a lot of benefits; and we also already know that
           | adding in randomization, longitudinal tracking, or blinding
           | makes most or all of the effects go away.
           | 
           | Do we _know_ this or do we  "know" this?
           | 
           | Having another study, even a self reported one like this,
           | doesn't degrade the scientific body of knowledge, it adds to
           | it. The fact that there have been other studies doesn't make
           | doing another worthless.
           | 
           | I also think a lot of people here are discounting the fact
           | that this study would typically be _very_ hard (or
           | impossible) to administer at such a large scale, especially
           | in such a short amount of time.
           | 
           | In my mind, the important questions here are:
           | 
           | Are the benefits of massive scale studies worth the trade-
           | offs of self-reporting?
           | 
           | What can we do to reduce or eliminate those trade-offs?
           | 
           | Imagine the scientific value of having easily created, easily
           | administered, _massive_ studies be easily accessible to any
           | research group. If the research data can be made even a
           | little bit more reliable, that 's hugely valuable.
        
             | sbierwagen wrote:
             | >doesn't degrade the scientific body of knowledge, it adds
             | to it.
             | 
             | Yes. The simple corollary to Bayes theorem: all
             | observations, even biased ones, improve your knowledge of
             | the world.
             | 
             | But it doesn't say anything about _efficiency._ A single
             | photodiode mechanically scanned behind a pinhole can
             | capture the same image as an image sensor behind a lens,
             | but it takes millions of times longer. A self-reporting
             | survey will say _something_ , but it will be very noisy.
             | How many self-report surveys would it take to match an
             | actual double-blinded study with double digit participants?
             | What if the answer is "hundreds"? Should we wait a century
             | for all these surveys to be done before even attempting
             | data analysis? (After all, surveying the _same set_ of
             | people over and over won 't give you additional data. You
             | need to wait for some of the survey respondents to die)
             | What about all the people in the preceding 99 years who,
             | perhaps reasonably, look at a stack of fifty self-reported
             | surveys that all say the same thing, and come to an
             | incorrect conclusion? Science is right _eventually_ , not
             | right _right now._
             | 
             | You say that "millions" of participants should be useful,
             | almost automatically. Why should that be the case? If
             | you're off by an order of magnitude somewhere in your stack
             | of assumptions, the data could be noisy enough that you
             | need to be sample from a population of a hundred billion.
             | If the data is bad enough or biased enough then even a
             | large survey wouldn't be powered enough without a world
             | population ten times bigger.
        
             | dntrkv wrote:
             | > Having another study, even a self reported one like this,
             | doesn't degrade the scientific body of knowledge, it adds
             | to it.
             | 
             | I really don't see how it's valuable. I don't even believe
             | my friends when they talk about how much micro-dosing
             | benefits them (and this is coming from someone who is a
             | huge supporter of psychedelics). People are really good at
             | making themselves believe what they want to believe.
        
         | paulgdp wrote:
         | You might be interested in reading this more serious study:
         | 
         | https://elifesciences.org/articles/62878
         | 
         | Article summarizing it:
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/amandasiebert/2021/03/03/larges...
        
         | GloriousKoji wrote:
         | > So mental health is not actually accessed medically and
         | simply self-reported.
         | 
         | Saddly from my experience self-reported is about as accurate as
         | any medical professional. When I was actively seeing
         | professional help it always started off filling out PHQ-9,
         | adding up the numbers and seeing the sum in the range of
         | depression.
         | 
         | I was never officially told I've been diagnosed with anything
         | but it was enough to where I've gone through a plethora of
         | psychiatric medication.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | Yeah, I bet you'd get similar results with this methodology if
         | you were instead focusing on "microdosing" with alcohol all
         | day.
        
           | kenjackson wrote:
           | You might find those same results micro-dosing anything from
           | a self-selected group. I bet you'd find a group of ice cream
           | enthusiasts that would be onboard for this.
           | 
           | That said, I am supportive of more rigorous studies along
           | these lines.
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | I certainly self-report higher levels of satisfaction,
             | lower levels of depression and anxiety when I dose with ice
             | cream. I don't really do the micro part though. Full dose
             | only. Let me know if you want to do a double blind study.
             | We might face some study problems since I can certainly
             | tell if I'm in the placebo group. If you can come up with a
             | viable ice cream placebo I'm all ears.
        
           | dreadlordbone wrote:
           | Breakfast beer bb
        
           | LocalH wrote:
           | If a tiny sip of beer every couple of days had such marked
           | benefits and few downsides, I feel like it would be
           | legitimately considered as at least an option.
        
             | ummwhat wrote:
             | Was there not some study floating around the pop sci press
             | suggesting exactly this with wine?
        
               | connicpu wrote:
               | I feel like at this point it's pretty well established
               | that having a few glasses of wine a week was actually
               | associated with being upper class, which was why those
               | studies correlated it with better health outcomes.
        
               | bigfudge wrote:
               | It's also a problem that not drinking at all is a leading
               | indicator that you are already sick (i.e. you stop
               | drinking because you can't tolerate it, but you can't
               | tolerate it because something is wrong which is not yet
               | diagnosed but will be in a later assessment).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | Opposite results as this is would likely be a reduction of
           | alcohol consumption for many participants
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | Meanwhile this placebo-controlled study happened quite recently
         | and didn't find benefits, or at least no benefits compared to a
         | placebo.
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/amandasiebert/2021/03/03/larges...
        
           | gunshai wrote:
           | I think that study is focused on cognitive benifits around
           | thi King and creativity no? Not mental health.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | No, it studied "well-being, mindfulness, life satisfaction,
             | and paranoia" also.
             | 
             | https://elifesciences.org/articles/62878#s4
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | That study is really interesting. Thank you for linking
               | it
        
           | azundo wrote:
           | What's interesting to me about this study is it was done with
           | people who already actively microdose. So they have prior
           | experience of what non-placebo microdosing feels like to
           | them. The placebo effect might be much stronger in that
           | population than a population that has never microdosed. That
           | could be great news in terms of long term benefits of
           | microdosing by using a combo of placebo and actual
           | psychedelics.
        
         | solumos wrote:
         | How does a study like this make it into Nature? Is their bar
         | simply that low?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | belval wrote:
           | That's what I was wondering as well, this is obviously a
           | study done on a very small budget with conclusions that could
           | be called a stretch but maybe they knew that research in that
           | area gets more attention?
        
           | sideshowb wrote:
           | It's in Nature Scientific Reports. Not the same journal as
           | it's better known sibling, and it takes the megajournal
           | approach of not judging notability, only rigour.
           | 
           | That said, the reputation of any journal is a poor predictor
           | of the impact of papers published in it, so you shouldn't
           | judge. In fact that's why megajournals like nature scientific
           | reports, plos one and peerj have become so popular.
        
           | p_j_w wrote:
           | Perhaps the editors of Nature are more informed on the matter
           | than someone commenting on a HN link.
        
       | desireco42 wrote:
       | Anecdotally, it did wonders for me.
       | 
       | I had really stressful workplace environment, it helped me
       | immensely. I feel good effects today as well.
        
       | officeplant wrote:
       | Would love to participate in a study just because I can't get
       | regular access to mushrooms/cacti without growing it myself, and
       | LSD is much harder to come across these days in my area.
        
       | OneTimePetes wrote:
       | Adults who are addicted report anything positive to keep the
       | substance flowing?
        
         | Archio wrote:
         | To comment on psychedelics in such a way betrays your lack of
         | knowledge about how they work both chemically and practically.
        
         | monkeybutton wrote:
         | Psychedelic drugs are not known to be addictive?
        
           | lvass wrote:
           | Did you ask a question or mistype a question mark?
        
             | throwamon wrote:
             | It's relatively common to end an affirmative sentence with
             | a question mark when your intent is to say something you
             | consider to be clearly right, as opposed to the thing
             | you're replying to, which you consider to be clearly wrong.
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | I happened to search what it could mean before you
               | answered and got many conflicting answers like yours and
               | [0]. I guess we can only know what the author meant here
               | if he clarifies it himself.
               | 
               | [0] https://english.stackexchange.com/a/5620
        
               | monkeybutton wrote:
               | What I said is a statement, not a question. The question
               | mark is not a mistake. What else could it indicate if not
               | a question? Perhaps it was marking my general sense of
               | confusion in response to the original comment. Or it
               | could also be adding a hint of sarcasm. What would you
               | like me say? Do you not approve of my use of it?
               | 
               | Throwamon's explanation is good too. When someone asks a
               | question with an obvious affirmative answer, a popular
               | answer is an inquisitive "yes?". Only the thing being
               | questioned in that case isn't the answer, its the doubt
               | in the mind of the speaker who asked.
        
           | gunshai wrote:
           | There are multiple comments in here talking about or
           | mentioning these drugs as addictive. I can't tell if it is a
           | more common misconception.
        
         | gunshai wrote:
         | I suppose it may be possible to become dependent or relent on
         | these substances, because not being depressed is better than
         | being depressed. Assuming minimal other side effects...
         | Probably best to skip the moral panic.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | Is it possible that traditional diets were exposing us to small
       | quantities of nootropics and we've just lost them through
       | commodification?
       | 
       | I wonder if this is a new phenomenon or just an undiagnosed one.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | Nootropics is a very vaguely defined categorization. There are
         | certainly vitamins and amino acids that improve brain function
         | (especially in cases of deficits) that are underexpressed in
         | modern food because of our optimization for size, shelf
         | stability and appearance.
         | 
         | However, the idea that there could be chemicals like psilocybin
         | or modafinil or piracetam that used to be in our produce seems
         | highly implausible.
        
       | KittenInABox wrote:
       | More accurately: People who claim to be microdosing also claim to
       | have lower levels of depression and anxiety, compared to people
       | who claim they are not microdosing.
       | 
       | None of this tells me whether or not people who have the time and
       | money to microdose are simply in a situation more conducive to
       | mental wellbeing.
        
         | snikeris wrote:
         | If you're curious, they gathered income, employment, and
         | education data from both groups (table 1).
        
         | casi18 wrote:
         | fwiw lsd is very cheap compared to other drugs/medicines. i can
         | get enough for a year for $30. (ten tabs as $3 a tab, 150/250u
         | == ten strips per tab, 100 microdoses spread over the year,
         | about twice a week).
        
         | gunshai wrote:
         | Why is it so hard to find fair criticism with in this comment
         | section. Your comment is one of few that stays on topic to the
         | study and skips the hyperbole. Thank you.
        
       | danschumann wrote:
       | Pff, studies. Just tell me how fun they are.
        
         | Dumblydorr wrote:
         | It's important to have studies. How else can we justify our
         | microdosing trends? Obviously we'd love an RCT, randomization
         | to those who are willing, and placebo controls to help fool
         | those who are motivated by the thought of taking a treatment.
        
           | danschumann wrote:
           | You have a sense of humor.
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | Interviewer: "Why aren't you depressed?"
       | 
       | Psychedelic microdoser: "Because I'm a balloon."
        
         | alx__ wrote:
         | I know you're kidding. But with microdosing you shouldn't feel
         | high. Similar with taking pharmaceutical pills, you'll feel
         | something, but it won't impair your day
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | Serious question. If you live in a state where mushrooms aren't
       | legal yet, can you declare yourself a researcher and register
       | your kitchen as a lab?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related (but different):
       | 
       |  _Compass Pathways ' Phase IIb psilocybin trial shows reduced
       | depression symptoms_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29169160 - Nov 2021 (119
       | comments)
        
       | vondur wrote:
       | I wonder if microdosing is effective for longer periods, or will
       | the dosage need to be increased after after longer time periods?
        
         | saltyfamiliar wrote:
         | Tolerance to psychedelic substances ramps up very quickly in
         | the short term, but reverts to baseline in a few days.
        
       | bobobob420 wrote:
       | Yeah cause your high lol. Psychedelics and other drugs can
       | provide a different perspective of looking at things. For some
       | people this might help them. For a lot of people I still believe
       | that we should be doing studies with meditation and breathing
       | exercises first. As much as I think drugs like marijuana have
       | helped me become very emotionally intelligent, drugs are still
       | dangerous even if they can't physically hurt you. I think
       | headlines like this which are used only to drive clicks to
       | nature.com are 100 percent inaccurate and misleading. It's hard
       | to be depressed when your high (yes it's microcode but ur still
       | high and you know it lol). Doing research on this is fine but for
       | nature.com to take it and write this headline is cancer
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | There are people that have had terrible mental problems
         | triggered by meditation too. Nothing is perfectly safe.
        
       | arboghast wrote:
       | Anecdotal, but since I moved to Canada I enjoyed the legality of
       | cannabis (thank you SQDC) and started to dose THC oil before bed
       | and it solved most of my sleep issues (used to have insomnia).
       | 
       | Every morning I wake up relaxed, refreshed and it stays the same
       | through the day.
       | 
       | Before that I used to do something similar with shrooms but in
       | the morning. Always had that odd feeling I was borderline of
       | starting to trip even with very low micro doses.
       | 
       | But my experience in both cases is pretty similar to what people
       | usually say about micro dosing.
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | I've found that daily THC before bed impairs my ability to
         | dream and taking a few nights off results in very vivid dreams.
         | I'm in the same boat - it basically has cured or at least
         | majorly blunted my insomnia.
        
           | jakear wrote:
           | Generally true, but elimination of chronic nightmares is
           | sometimes the whole point.
        
           | can16358p wrote:
           | It might be related to having better/deeper sleep. When you
           | sleep deeper and don't have interruptions, you probably
           | wouldn't remember your dreams. When you withdraw, your sleep
           | quality decreases, leading to more interruptions/shallower
           | sleep, creating more possibility to remember your dreams.
           | Just my two cents, of course I'm no pro and just speculating.
        
             | luckydata wrote:
             | There's tons of research showing THC impacts negatively REM
             | sleep. A quick google search will return a lot of hits.
        
               | arboghast wrote:
               | I doubt the quality of the studies. Also on my first hit
               | "although this is not consistently replicated".
               | 
               | Google is one thing, reading and interpreting the papers
               | is another. What matters to me is that I feel great,
               | regardless.
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | I think it's important to understand that there are
               | trade-offs, even if this is a very powerful treatment. I
               | tend to vary between THC-assisted sleep anywhere from 25%
               | to 100% of nights and the trade-off of reduced REM is
               | totally worth it. I do find that extended periods of 100%
               | assisted sleep tend to make my memory a little foggy and
               | that taking a week off resets things.
               | 
               | Caveat: anecdote is not data and all that...
        
         | DerekBickerton wrote:
         | Why not CBD instead? For me THC is very energetic in nature and
         | would make my mind race violently. My biology must be very
         | different to yours if you're able to take THC before sleep.
        
           | gaspard234 wrote:
           | Try an indica strain, they are grown for the full-body
           | effects, increasing deep relaxation, and reducing insomnia.
           | 
           | The effects you are describing are those of sativa strains,
           | know for the 'head high' and creativity boost.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | Indica and sativa don't mean anything, please stop
             | spreading misinformation. Different strains have different
             | effects due to the cannabanoid and terpene profile of a
             | specific strain, sativa and indica don't mean anything.
             | 
             | It's marketing, nothing more.
        
             | kuhzaam wrote:
             | My understanding is that the terms "indica" and "sativa"
             | have sort of lost their meaning a little bit. I believe
             | those terms technically refer to the height of the stem,
             | and that it doesn't necessarily translate to the effects of
             | the high the way we once thought it did.
             | 
             | For example, I always had the same understanding of indica
             | as you described, and I would solely buy indica gummies.
             | They would give me a pretty "heavy" high, full body but
             | mostly in my head, and I would wake up lethargic and often
             | with a headache. I switched to a "sativa" of the same
             | brand, and got a very nice full body high, but much
             | lighter, very relaxing, and would sleep very well and wake
             | up feeling refreshed.
             | 
             | Anyway, all that to say, different strains have different
             | effects, and often the description from the dispensary can
             | give you a good idea of the effects they are intended to
             | have.
        
             | DerekBickerton wrote:
             | Yes but OP said: "started to dose THC oil".
             | 
             | Can you get an 'indica oil' then? Pure THC oil is different
             | than plant matter.
        
           | onemoresoop wrote:
           | Same for me, THC is bringing my whole being to life, my
           | senses are enhanced, motivation rises, ideas start popping
           | and my mind becomes awakened. I can definitely not go to
           | sleep after that and if I do I have an agitated shallow
           | sleep. I consume something close to micro dosing, maybe a
           | tiny bit more but not on a regular basis. CBD does have the
           | relaxing effect needed for insomnias but since I don't really
           | have that problem I rarely use CBD.
           | 
           | The strain does not make a huge difference to me, Indica does
           | not much make of difference, I still get somewhat energized
           | by it. It is quite unusual that I get the opposite effect
           | from other people but I know I'm not the only one.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | arboghast wrote:
           | CBD didn't do anything for me, even at higher doses. Either
           | most reported experiences are placebo, or I'm just not
           | sensitive to it.
        
             | r1ch wrote:
             | I always seem to dream more with CBD, I don't know if that
             | translates into better sleep quality or it's just better
             | dream recall, but it seems quite consistent.
        
             | saltyfamiliar wrote:
             | I don't really feel anything from store bought cbd
             | edibles/oils either and I'm one of the most substance
             | sensitive people I know. If you're still interested, I
             | recommend buying some high cbd hemp online and smoking it.
             | You will definitely notice that.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | Is there even an objective set of criteria to measure depression
       | and anxiety?
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | All depression and anxiety scales are self-reported
         | questionnaires AFAIK. I'm sure there's ways to get a more
         | objective relative anxiety level via sweat/temperature/etc but
         | I'm not aware of anyone using that to measure changes over
         | time.
        
       | testemailfordg2 wrote:
       | Will they do a next study lasting 10 years on addictive effects
       | of microdosing and putting you on a path of wanting highly potent
       | stuff gradually?? No they will not, smells like a study funded by
       | someone to prove a point on their sales pitch...No doubt the
       | researchers could have been under a NDA for limited disclosure of
       | observations / the funding provider reviewing information first
       | before anything is published. Just like antibiotic resistance
       | develops, addiction too follows the same path...
        
         | can16358p wrote:
         | Psychedelics are not addictive. Stimulants and narcotics are
         | (potentially).
        
         | gunshai wrote:
         | Everyone watch out for "big mushroom". But seriously gatewayism
         | is total bullshit, also consider these substances are not
         | addictive and if you've ever tried micro dosing you'd notice
         | how benign the whole experience really is.
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | we have 50 years of data that show psychedelics are not
         | addictive - they stop working if done continuously and I for
         | one have no clue why anyone would want to be in that state
         | constantly.
        
       | krrrh wrote:
       | Hi everyone, I'm a co-author on this paper and also the co-
       | founder of Quantified Citizen (we built the mobile research
       | platform used in this study). What a nice experience to see this
       | on the front page this morning.
       | 
       | I'll address a few of the comments made here so far below, but
       | feel free to reply with more questions (or reach out directly,
       | email in bio) and I'll try to get back to them throughout the
       | day.
       | 
       | There are a lot of comments re-iterating concerns already covered
       | in the limitations section of the paper. It's clear that an
       | observational approach like this cannot establish causality and
       | that self-selected recruitment can introduce bias, and the paper
       | acknowledges this. RCTs will happen on this subject, but there
       | aren't many significant ones published yet, and other types of
       | evidence also provide value.
       | 
       | The subject of microdosing is one where the community practice
       | and experimentation is far ahead of where the science is, which
       | is different from research into regulated medicines where drugs
       | are either not on the market or prescribed by doctors. There are
       | a lot of health-related topics like this that are understudied
       | where practice within a community that is not served by
       | mainstream medicine moves forward slowly through anecdotes and
       | informal discovery processes. Think not just about stigmatized
       | subjects like psychedelics, but also about chronic disease
       | communities, biohackers, athletes, etc. Sometimes alternative
       | therapies and bottom-up health practices like these end up being
       | validated by the scientific community, and other times the
       | relative lack of rigor leads to years of people taking harmful or
       | fruitless approaches. Bringing a more scientific lens to what
       | people are already doing and speeding up the feedback loop with
       | the research community is a big part of what we're doing with our
       | company.
       | 
       | For microdosing specifically, there is a lot to discover by
       | gathering evidence on motivations, demographics, and methods of
       | real-world usage. The paper linked to above brings new insights
       | into these topics, and is the first published research looking at
       | the practice of stacking. One advantage of a large (n=8703)
       | observational approach like this is that it helps pull signals
       | from the noise to help inform further study.
       | 
       | The patient-reported data on depression and anxiety comes form
       | the standardized DASS-21 scale which is a widely used self-report
       | tool in psychological research. In addition to this data, we also
       | included various quantitative cognitive tasks in the app (data
       | will be analyzed in upcoming papers, stay tuned). While this data
       | isn't collected in a controlled environment our approach collects
       | data from so many participants that we have power across various
       | demographics and methods of use. We also encouraged non-
       | microdosers to participate, and the relatively low burden of
       | participating meant that many submitted data throughout the study
       | period.
        
       | cameronh90 wrote:
       | This study is non-blinded, non-RCT based on individuals who self-
       | selected through social media, self reporting symptoms through an
       | app.
       | 
       | While I'm hopeful that psychedelics may prove to be a treatment
       | for some mental health issues, but this study doesn't tell us
       | much.
        
       | Alacart wrote:
       | I replied something similar elsewhere, but I think the real story
       | here is about using tech to administer large scale studies and
       | what that could mean for future research.
       | 
       | A lot of people here are discounting the fact that this study
       | would typically be _very_ hard (or impossible) to administer at
       | such a large scale, especially in such a short amount of time.
       | 
       | In my mind, the important questions here are:
       | 
       | Are the benefits of massive scale studies worth the trade-offs of
       | self-reporting?
       | 
       | What can we do to reduce or eliminate those trade-offs?
       | 
       | Imagine the scientific value of having easily created, easily
       | administered, _massive_ studies be easily accessible to any
       | research group. If the research data can be made even a little
       | bit more reliable (direct mobile health-kit measurements for
       | example), that 's hugely valuable.
        
         | krrrh wrote:
         | Hi, I'm one of the co-authors on the study, and also a co-
         | founder of Quantified Citizen which developed the platform used
         | in this study. I just left a reply further up this thread
         | detailing some of the logic behind our approach, and you're
         | asking some great questions here.
         | 
         | A simple way of thinking about this is that you're almost
         | always making a trade off between quality and quantity when you
         | collect data, with enough quantity you can hope to overcome
         | some of the quality concerns. For instance our study also
         | included a finger tapping test (analysis will be in an upcoming
         | paper). This would have traditionally be administered in a lab
         | by a technician by placing electrodes on a persons thumb and
         | forefinger and asking them to tap them together. It is a
         | validated practice for measuring Parkinson's symptoms or
         | neuromuscular integrity. We can easily replicate something like
         | this on a mobile app.
         | 
         | Obviously doing it this way might result in noisier or less
         | reliable data because there isn't a technician standing next to
         | them helping them to get it right. Over time we have improved
         | this by adding better instructions, addressing training effects
         | and providing better instructions. We also collect data like
         | screen resolution and phone model with each response so we can
         | account for people who switch devices between tests or device-
         | specific issues. And having datasets measured in the thousands
         | means that a lot of these confounders come out in the wash,
         | which isn't the case with study populations measured in the
         | tens.
         | 
         | We're picking up the pace on our technical development. Version
         | 2 of the app will be out in the next week or two; we planned to
         | get it out before this paper was published, but they surprised
         | us with a very fast turn-around on the proofs. One of our goals
         | is to make this type of research more agile, in a similar way
         | that the software industry moved from waterfall project
         | management to more rapid iterations. If the cost of designing
         | and deploying a study is low enough, and data can get back fast
         | enough, researchers can do more rapid pilot studies and
         | iterations, and more quickly make adjustments to add new scales
         | and assessments.
         | 
         | On the subject of direct HealthKit measurements that's also a
         | trend that we're excited about. The new version of our app will
         | read from HealthKit and Google Fit, and we will be adding more
         | integrations to other wearables and passively collected data
         | with a privacy-by-design approach. We'll also be moving towards
         | a design where users can consolidate different feeds of data
         | and assessments that they are interested in collecting for
         | intrinsic reasons, and then choose to make these available to
         | different research projects.
        
       | Loveaway wrote:
       | I'd be careful though. Psychedelic are a powerful eye opener that
       | can and do help with depression, but taking them regularly, even
       | just a microdose can be a very reckless thing. They have the
       | potential to completely drive you insane if you over do it and
       | are best enjoyed with long intervals in between.
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | where did you get that from?
        
         | gunshai wrote:
         | Can you cite anything that shows these drugs drive you insane
         | with regular use. That sounds like mythology.
        
           | i_like_apis wrote:
           | > Can you cite anything that shows these drugs drive you
           | insane with regular use. That sounds like mythology.
           | 
           | Take a drive down skid row. Or look at Haight-Ashbury in the
           | 70's.
        
             | gunshai wrote:
             | I have no idea how to take this comment. What does that
             | have to do with psychedelics or really anything related to
             | the topic at all.
        
               | i_like_apis wrote:
               | We're talking about the impact of drug use on mental
               | health. I'm saying: look at the homeless epidemic. 90% of
               | those folks have substance abuse issues.
               | 
               | If you've done any psychedelics you would be foolish to
               | not notice that they can drive a person insane under the
               | right circumstances.
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | Would I be foolish, or do I just need to be convinced
               | with better evidence? You seem to be using a gateway type
               | drug analogy combined with anecdote mixed with all sorts
               | of other factors.
               | 
               | And no I wasn't talking about "drugs" I was talking about
               | psychedelics and their targeted use/dosage. I made the
               | counter claim to provide evidence that psychedelics cause
               | permanent psychosis. No one seems to be able to produce
               | such evidence, and your point of casually linking
               | homelessness to drug use may be all fine in a grand sense
               | but with respect to the topic at hand it just looks like
               | a red herring.
        
               | i_like_apis wrote:
               | I think it's foolish to think that acid doesn't induce
               | psychosis. But perhaps you need better evidence.
               | 
               | That's not to say that microdosing can't be useful. But I
               | think it's possibly quite dangerous for some people. My
               | evidence of that is knowing people who have done too much
               | acid, and meeting plenty of street people in Haight-
               | Ashbury who do acid.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Perhaps a more harmonious way of discussing this notion:
               | _what percentage of times_ does psychedelic usage lead to
               | psychosis, and what evidence do we have that could
               | suggest a plausibly accurate answer to that question?
        
           | kolinko wrote:
           | It's quite common for people who take psychedelics regularly
           | to get at least slightly detached from reality and pure
           | reasoning.
           | 
           | I've seen a friend of mine going deeper and deeper into that
           | hole.
        
             | pvarangot wrote:
             | Was he by any chance hanging out with a crowd of people
             | "detached from reality and pure reasoning", or consuming
             | media written or recorded by people detached from reality
             | and pure reasoning? Psychedelic use is associated with
             | reinforcing personality traits related to openness to new
             | ideas and "absortion". So do naturally occurring religious
             | experiences. It's a tale as old as humanity, it's not the
             | altered brain chemistry alone, it's the setting.
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | I always find phrases like "detached from reality" in
             | discussions about psychedelics to be somewhat ironic. I
             | mean, I know what meaning you intend, but the phrase itself
             | is a bit suspect if interpreted literally.
        
             | gunshai wrote:
             | Sine you're more comfortable talking about anecdotes, I
             | find mild psychedelic experiences quite benign.
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | I have spent 1 yr on LSD (dosing every day) and 1 year on
               | mushrooms (dosing every day).
               | 
               | I had mental issues afterwards largely in line with those
               | I had beforehand.
               | 
               | there you go, fwiw
        
             | p_j_w wrote:
             | >It's quite common for people who take psychedelics
             | regularly to get at least slightly detached from reality
             | and pure reasoning.
             | 
             | He's asked for evidence and you've responded with a claim.
             | Do you have any evidence to back this claim up?
             | 
             | >I've seen a friend of mine going deeper and deeper into
             | that hole.
             | 
             | This is an anecdote. It does not constitute scientific
             | evidence.
        
               | Loveaway wrote:
               | Mate you ever heard of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall
               | ucinogen_persisting_percep... ?
               | 
               | Here's a bunch of real people suffering from it:
               | https://old.reddit.com/r/HPPD
               | 
               | You can definitely overdo psychedelics and fuck up your
               | mind if you are careless with them. Maybe read up a bit
               | on erowid, dmtnexus, shroomery, plenty of warnings from
               | people who went to deep. Don't be stupid and naive.
               | 
               | Microdosing may seem harmless, but it also means taking
               | psychedelics every day for long periods. I wouldn't do
               | more than 2 weeks, you gotta have to function without the
               | drug at some point, can't imagine dosing LSD for a year
               | and then stopping will be pleasant. But your mileage
               | might vary... I just have way to much respect for
               | psychedelics to take them every day.
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | That is news to me I have never heard of this mentioned.
        
               | p_j_w wrote:
               | HPPD is a FAR cry from getting "slightly detached from
               | reality and pure reasoning."
        
           | thrwn_frthr_awy wrote:
           | In the US in the 80's and 90's many kids were taught that the
           | psychosis seen in many Vietnam soldiers after they're return
           | was due to psychedelic drugs and not a failed war, with
           | little support, and lack of effort by the federal government.
        
             | Archio wrote:
             | I'd like to ask people who were kids in the 80s and 90s if
             | they are aware how many Vietnam soldiers were addicted to
             | heroin upon returning, and what kind of effect that had.
        
             | gunshai wrote:
             | If I'm being honest I know the guy is full of shit. I'm
             | making an honest attempt at being civil about it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Dumblydorr wrote:
               | Are you making an honest attempt to be civil if you're
               | also stating the "guy is full of shit"? I asked for
               | evidence too, but civility and calling someone full of
               | shit in the same thread?
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | Full of shit is short hand for.
               | 
               | I'm asking you for evidence for which I have confidence
               | that you do not have.
               | 
               | Meaning instead of saying "you are full of shit" I say
               | "can you provide evidence for that" knowing I'll be
               | delightedly surprised if they do, but not being
               | disappointed when they don't and not making them
               | immidiatly defensive with hostile language.
        
               | dQw4w9WgXcQ wrote:
               | Nah, what's full of shit is you up on your intellectual
               | high-horse acting as if you're the god of all knowable
               | and unknowable things.
               | 
               | You yourself - o great one and master of all logic and
               | intelligence - should know that a conclusion can _still_
               | be true even if there is no well-documented evidence
               | simply because enough research hasn 't been done yet.
               | 
               | But of course it's much easier to blow people off with a
               | "cite your sources, bruh" and then act like you know
               | everything with a zero-effort comment. Yea, pretty sure
               | it's you that's full of shit.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | > best enjoyed with long intervals in between
         | 
         | This has zero relevance to microdosing.
        
         | Dumblydorr wrote:
         | Where is your evidence that they drove people completely
         | insane? I'm not doubting there are serious potential side
         | effects, but the description "completely drive you insane" is a
         | bit vague to me.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Have you ever hung out with someone who has taken
           | recreational dose LSD several times per week for months?
           | 
           | I know two people who did this, and they both got _very_
           | weird and ended up putting themselves in dangerous situations
           | from their questionable judgement, years after they stopped
           | even. One flipped his car while drunk and tripping and got
           | seriously injured, but he made serious lifestyle changes.
           | Months later he had a psychotic break and got arrested naked
           | in the street. He is mostly better however he is still a
           | shell of his former self. The other ended up getting addicted
           | to heroin and overdosed several years later. Could just be
           | selection bias and clustering of risky behaviors, but I
           | believe the LSD played some role (possibly related to an
           | interaction between LSD and SSRIs).
           | 
           | I think there are a lot of potential therapeutic benefits
           | that should be studied, but clandestine microdosing is still
           | risky as its practically impossible dose accurately and many
           | people who think they are microdosing are taking doses that
           | exceed the perceptual threshold because they don't think it's
           | working if they don't feel it. Taking 5mcg LSD 3x week is
           | _probably_ mostly safe. Taking 40mcg once a quarter is also
           | probably mostly safe. Taking an unknown 10-40 mcg 3x week
           | seems like it could be entering the danger zone.
           | 
           | (Please learn about volumetric dosing if you're considering
           | microdosing - it at least allows consistency. Fractions of
           | blotter are inherently inconsistent because blotter
           | concentration is not homogenous.)
        
           | l33tbro wrote:
           | If people here are seriously asking for evidence-based proof
           | that acid can destroy people, then they are not very old or
           | have survived partying / rave scenes.
           | 
           | The term "acid casualty" exists for a reason. I've known a
           | few people that over-indulged and became detached weirdos and
           | never came back.
           | 
           | It's not a 'wives tale' as someone here said. Take acid by
           | all means. Just know that you could become a despondent ghoul
           | if you go too hard and frequently.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | You're just parroting an old wive's tale designed to warn
         | children away from drugs, despite being complete fiction.
        
           | Loveaway wrote:
           | There's a difference between taking drugs and taking them
           | every day, becoming reliant on them, considering we're
           | talking about hallucinogenics here.
        
           | i_like_apis wrote:
           | You think LSD induced psychosis is not a thing?
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | The right question is "how often does LSD cause psychosis?"
        
               | i_like_apis wrote:
               | Every time you take it?
               | 
               | It's basically a window into a malfunctioning brain. You
               | bounce back when it wears off, but you can definitely
               | change from tripping too much. Have you never met someone
               | who has done too much acid?
        
           | Forbo wrote:
           | HPPD and substance-induced psychosis are very real, however I
           | don't know of any cases that were the result of microdosing.
        
       | pkulak wrote:
       | There was a really good Reply All about this. Not gonna spoil it:
       | 
       | https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-all/2oh933
        
         | MikeKusold wrote:
         | And famously there was the Iterable CEO that was fired for
         | microdosing: https://fortune.com/2021/04/28/justin-zhu-
         | iterable-lsd-micro...
        
           | Gracana wrote:
           | He "tried microdosing" immediately before a meeting with
           | investors. He'd never used LSD before, and was visibly
           | intoxicated.
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | And accidentally full dosed.
        
       | 99_00 wrote:
       | http://www.paulgraham.com/submarine.html
        
       | goodroot wrote:
       | This is a poor study.
       | 
       | But, I have been microdosing over the past few years.
       | 
       | Happy to answer any questions.
        
         | klondike_klive wrote:
         | With what substance, and how often/how much?
        
           | goodroot wrote:
           | Psilocybe cubensis - in particular, the "Golden Teacher"
           | strain. It is native to the Americas, and cultivated in
           | Vancouver. Received in full fruiting body form, ground in to
           | powder for consistency of dosage. Initially, I started with
           | .10g, up to .20g. Most of the dosing is between those values.
           | 
           | The schedule is 5 on, 2 off, and it's taken in conjunction
           | with B3 (Niacin) and Lion's Mane (a non-psychoactive
           | mushroom). All together, the mix promotes neurogenesis.
           | 
           | Combined with tools like meditation, exercise, and a
           | supportive environment, it can do wonders to help re-
           | construct toxic patterns built from long-term depressions and
           | anxieties.
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | Might want to switch to a b complex. I heard a wives tale
             | that b vitamins work in pairs and ramping up one can lead
             | to a shortage in another. I don't even know how to research
             | this for validity though.
        
       | baby wrote:
       | You need to use a control group with a bunch of people who take
       | placebo... because that microdose cod rly well just act as a
       | placebo.
        
       | root_axis wrote:
       | Very skeptical. How can one possibly trust self reported
       | "microdosing" for something like LSD where a normal dose is on
       | the order of tens of micrograms? Not to mention that self
       | reported users can't be relied upon to reliably determine the
       | provenance or quality of what they're ingesting. There are
       | similar issues involved with something like mushrooms where
       | freshness, natural concentration, and mode of preparation are all
       | major factors on the drug's effects.
        
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