[HN Gopher] Vials labeled 'smallpox' are found in Pennsylvania l...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Vials labeled 'smallpox' are found in Pennsylvania laboratory
        
       Author : gumby
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2021-11-18 18:58 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | Reminder that accidental releases of deadly viruses have happened
       | before. For example consider this event, sometimes known as the
       | "biological Chernobyl":
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak
        
       | kolanos wrote:
       | There was a recent case of imported monkey pox in Maryland. [0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1117-monkeypox.html
        
       | macinjosh wrote:
       | Maybe we should shutdown all labs studying pathogens until they
       | can figure out how to handle themselves. We aren't even through
       | the current scientist caused pandemic yet.
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | Maybe we should shut down aws until they figure out how to
         | handle their periodic outages.
        
           | beachwood23 wrote:
           | An AWS outage doesn't directly cause death. Those aren't
           | comparable at all.
           | 
           | A better comparison would be a nuclear program that can't
           | keep its nuclear materials under proper security. And we can
           | all agree those programs should be avoided.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | >We aren't even through the current pandemic yet.
         | 
         | FTFY.
        
         | codezero wrote:
         | Good luck getting worldwide cooperation on that. I guess it
         | depends on who you are referring to as `we` but unless it's
         | stopped entirely, there's still real risk of non-compliance
         | leading to leaks or bioterrorism.
        
         | caseyohara wrote:
         | > We aren't even through the current scientist caused pandemic
         | yet
         | 
         | I'm astonished there are people that think like this on HN
        
           | Aaronstotle wrote:
           | Seems significantly more likely than not this current
           | pandemic originated via a lab leak. Although the comment
           | makes it sound like it was on purpose, rather than an
           | accident which again seems most likely.
        
             | jjulius wrote:
             | Sorta. To your point, it hasn't been proven that it's a lab
             | leak, though evidence has shifted toward that direction. My
             | issue with OP's comment is that he stated it was a lab leak
             | with absolute certainty.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29269142
           | 
           | Over in the other thread, we're discussing Kasparov admitting
           | that China definitely covered up evidence from their Wuhan
           | lab regardless of whether or not they were actually
           | responsible for a leak.
        
             | jjulius wrote:
             | Couple of things to clarify here:
             | 
             | - In that article, Kasparov only says that the Trump
             | administration said that, and then he discusses the
             | discourse around that claim in 2020. He _does not_ "[admit]
             | that China definitely covered up evidence from their Wuhan
             | lab" or anything like that. _EDIT: I stand corrected on
             | this point._
             | 
             | - Nobody in that thread has actually yet mentioned that
             | COVID claim (at the time of my comment), they're all
             | sticking to what Kasparov's piece is about, which is mob
             | mentality and group think.
        
               | jimbob45 wrote:
               | >Invaluable months were lost, time the Chinese Communist
               | Party used to destroy data and spread disinformation
               | about the virus's origins. We may never know the truth,
               | but we do know there was a coverup.
               | 
               | Maybe we're just interpreting the above statement in two
               | different ways.
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | I stand corrected on that point and will edit my post
               | accordingly, but there's still absolutely zero discussion
               | about that point in that thread. You even said, " _we
               | 're_ discussing" but you haven't even commented there
               | yourself.
        
           | clavalle wrote:
           | It's unfortunate that all of this got politicized, but the
           | fact is that nobody knows for sure where it came from nor
           | does anyone know for sure where it didn't come from.
           | 
           | I would say it's not a waste of time to review what labs are
           | doing all over the world since the stakes are so high.
        
             | kupiakos wrote:
             | Everything in modern society is scientist-caused if you go
             | deep enough.
        
           | hh3k0 wrote:
           | I'd be d'accord if he said something to the effect of:
           | 
           | > We aren't even through the current possibly scientist-
           | caused pandemic yet
           | 
           | Peter Daszak should have to testify before Congress, imo.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >I'm astonished there are people that think like this on HN
           | 
           | you're just probably not aware that Daszak's Wuhan corona
           | virus gain-of-function program included human testing. It is
           | actually specified in the clear on his EcoAlliance NIH Wuhan
           | 2014 grant form .
        
       | api wrote:
       | They belong in an autoclave.
        
         | tonyhb wrote:
         | They really, really do.
        
       | hunterb123 wrote:
       | Related: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/bill-gates-
       | smallp...
       | 
       | edit: Wow downvotes for linking to an event related to small pox.
       | I figured it was important especially the timing. How many other
       | small pox events do you remember in recent history?
       | 
       | It's simply an interview about smallpox that happened recently.
       | All I said was it was related.
        
         | mullingitover wrote:
         | This is not a good topic for Hacker News, you might get a
         | better reception on Infowars.
        
           | qwertox wrote:
           | Considering the context of the topic and the current state of
           | the world, I found it to be an interesting read.
        
           | jameslk wrote:
           | > you might get a better reception on Infowars
           | 
           | Can you elaborate why you added this part to your comment?
        
             | 0des wrote:
             | I interpreted it as a signal of derision.
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | The parent comment was a pretty clumsy dog whistle to
             | paranoid folks who believe Gates to be a sinister
             | puppetmaster who is unleashing pandemic disease on the
             | world. The Infowars audience is very receptive to this
             | unfounded notion. Since the commenter is concerned about
             | the popularity of his posts, I proposed a suitable audience
             | that would be more receptive and would provide the desired
             | positive response.
        
               | anonuser123456 wrote:
               | When labeling commentary as a dog whistle, one needs to
               | be mindful of the possibility they have tinnitus related
               | to said issue.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | You seem to be the conspirator here, the linked article
               | from hunterb123 makes no claims about Bill Gates (as a
               | puppetmaster or anything else) but simply quotes what he
               | has been saying at some event.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | Did you just see the words "Bill Gates" and jump to your
               | own conclusions, then call out the parent poster based on
               | your jumped-to conclusions?
               | 
               | The article is posted on a mainstream site and describes
               | how Bill wants additional funding to research
               | preventative measures against future pandemics. What is
               | the dog whistle? Where is the sinister puppetmaster
               | references? Where does it say Bill Gates is unleashing a
               | pandemic?
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | > What is the dog whistle?
               | 
               | The original article has nothing to do with Bill Gates,
               | but the commenter in this thread posted this wholly
               | unrelated article, pronouncing it "Related", without any
               | other comment to explain the context of the linked
               | article or how it relates to the original story. You need
               | look no further than the other (also heavily downvoted)
               | commenters in this thread to see who heard the dog
               | whistle loud and clear.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | Where does the puppet master/unleashing pandemic stuff
               | come into play?
               | 
               | The article of Bill Gates talking preventative measures
               | against future pandemics (including smallpox, which funny
               | enough is related to smallpox vials), has literally 0
               | conspiracy-related things in it. How can that even be a
               | dogwhistle?
               | 
               | If you post a story about cancer, and I post a semi-
               | related story of Bill talking about cancer prevention, am
               | I also dog-whistling? Is anything that has Bill in it now
               | a dog whistle?
               | 
               | Edit to add: The linked artile even has smallpox in the
               | title. How you can say it is "wholly" unrelated is
               | baffling.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jameslk wrote:
               | It seems like you've been on HN long enough to know the
               | guidelines so I won't parrot them. I think these type of
               | "assuming worst intent" type of comments don't help the
               | community honestly, they just piss people off more and
               | further polarization. I believe it would have been better
               | had you simply left off the "Infowars" part of your
               | comment.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | In the GP's defense, it is not like they posted this article
           | completely out of the blue and on some unrelated topic.
           | 
           | I find it to be an intriguing coincidence that a vial labeled
           | "smallpox" happened to be discovered around the time that
           | "Bill Gates has warned governments to prepare for smallpox
           | terror attacks and future pandemics by investing billions
           | into research and development." It is either a dumb-luck
           | coincidence or some remarkable prescience from Bill Gates.
           | Either way, the article makes no claims on the topic.
           | 
           | No, I don't think this is the beginning of some grand
           | conspiracy. Besides, it is completely within the realm of
           | possibility that a virulent disease like Smallpox could be
           | accidentally or maliciously re-introduced to the world. I see
           | no harm in what the GP posted.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | poorjohnmacafee wrote:
         | I understand why HN doesn't like speculation in "dirty" topics.
         | 
         | But I wouldn't really blame the average person for wondering
         | about this since we know that Gates & WEF held coronavirus
         | pandemic drills a month before the outbreak happened (or by
         | some accounts of the origins, in the same month as it
         | happened). I think everyone's suspicions of government and
         | individuals tied to it are extra high due to everything from
         | the last 2 years.
        
           | zaptrem wrote:
           | It's because Gates has been shouting from the rooftops about
           | the danger of pandemics exactly like ours for years and years
           | but was mostly ignored. Of course his org was continuing to
           | do work related to preparing society for what they thought
           | (and we now know) was inevitable.
        
             | poorjohnmacafee wrote:
             | WEF/Gates simulation event on pandemic: mid October 2019
             | 
             | Dates of earliest cases in Wuhan: October 2019 (September
             | by some counts)
             | 
             | Sorry, they knew about the outbreak or you're talking
             | astronomical odds, yet they pretended they didn't know
             | about it yet. This is why he's lost face (other than his
             | association with JE)
        
         | pkukkapalli wrote:
         | "Battling misinformation" these days is more about conditioning
         | people to practice crimestop it seems. Thanks for posting, I
         | hadn't seen this before, and it's definitely interesting
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | What a coincidence. Another coincidence would be Event 201:
         | https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/
         | 
         | Even one of those coincidences would be pretty amazing, but
         | two? Tied to the same person? Absolutely wild.
        
           | LouisSayers wrote:
           | Huh? Bill Gates is looking to the future and imagining the
           | shit storms we're not prepared for, not sure what you're
           | trying to say...
        
           | PLenz wrote:
           | Only wild if you assume that everyone has the same likelihood
           | of having proximity to such an event. But people involved in
           | smallpox research have a much increased chance because they
           | have (physical) proximity to the places this can happen and
           | those that find them have (secondary) proximity to those that
           | have higher (physical) proximity. And Gates funds lots of
           | these researchers so he has a very, very high likelihood of
           | being withing a few steps of relation to something like this.
           | Think centrality from graph theory. Gates is a very central
           | vertex.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | Gates funds a lot of research. Two weeks ago he talked
             | about a smallpox terror attack in the US, and then a couple
             | days ago "smallpox" vials are found. I don't care what his
             | proximity is, it's still a crazy coincidence.
             | 
             | And Event 201 was about a global pandemic, put on by the
             | Gates Foundation in October 2019. I don't think I need to
             | point out what happened shortly after that. Again, it's not
             | about proximity but specificity and timing.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Oh fuck off. Really. Enough of this bullshit.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | codezero wrote:
               | Consider the possibility that since Smallpox has been
               | eradicated for forty years, someone in that lab may have
               | thought nothing of the vials in there until after seeing
               | the recent chatter about it, triggering a Baader-Meinhof
               | Phenomenon in the lab worker, leading them to reporting
               | the dangerous vials.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | It's just so silly that people who took the prospect of a
               | global pandemic seriously are looked at suspiciously by
               | conspiracy kooks.
               | 
               | We had _so many_ close calls in the past, including a
               | bunch of Coronaviruses (SARS /MERS/a bunch of serious
               | colds), it was obvious as international travel increased,
               | population density increased and humans further
               | encroached on nature that we would see things like Covid.
               | 
               | Experts had been warning us for years which is why nearly
               | everyone with any brains opposed the idiotic dismantling
               | of warning networks, Chinese CDC teams, and the pandemic
               | response NSC unit under Trump.
        
         | encryptluks2 wrote:
         | Absolutely sickening that this guy was worshiped as a COVID-19
         | expert in liberal media. Bill Gates was pretty close to Epstein
         | as well, who was obsessed with eugenics.
        
       | 323 wrote:
       | The sequence of the smallpox virus is publicly available:
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/9627521
       | 
       | What sort of labs have the skills to reverse genetics it into a
       | cowpox backbone?
       | 
       | Are we talking 2-3 labs in the world, or basically any decent
       | lab? Could a PhD in virology/microbiology do it?
        
         | koeng wrote:
         | It doesn't take that much. If you're good enough at DNA build
         | from oligos, could probably synthesize it with less than a PhD.
         | It is expensive though, and very unlikely that anyone would
         | actually do it in a way that evades the surveillance systems.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | How much harder is it than the process of building your own
           | bacteria from a DNA sequence...? Would just tacking it into a
           | bacterial DNA sequence and being lucky end up in replication
           | of it?
           | 
           | I remember when I looked into it that about $5k of equipment
           | scrounged from ebay and stuff being trashed from labs was
           | probably enough for making your own bacteria.
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | But I think the hard part is not just synthesizing the DNA,
           | but instead assembling the various proteins into an actual
           | virus.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sneeeeeed wrote:
       | Just a week after Bill Gates warned us? What are the odds?
        
       | telesilla wrote:
       | Is this a good time to move to a dairy farm?
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | Humor absolutely will not be tolerated!!!
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | Apparently this happened before:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox
       | 
       | > On July 1, 2014, six sealed glass vials of smallpox dated 1954,
       | along with sample vials of other pathogens, were discovered in a
       | cold storage room in an FDA laboratory at the National Institutes
       | of Health location in Bethesda, Maryland. The smallpox vials were
       | subsequently transferred to the custody of the CDC in Atlanta,
       | where virus taken from at least two vials proved viable in
       | culture.[130][131] After studies were conducted, the CDC
       | destroyed the virus under WHO observation on February 24,
       | 2015.[132]
        
         | AceJohnny2 wrote:
         | Tangentially, I've been on an SCP [1] binge lately, and it's
         | interesting to see the cues SCP takes from the real world. Your
         | quote could be taken verbatim from one of their stories.
         | 
         | [1] https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Well, SCP would refer to the cultivation media by name.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | I'm sure a FOIA request will reveal heavily redacted
           | containment procedures for those vials that look straight out
           | of the Foundation, as well :)
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | More than once.
         | 
         | "The smallpox virus escaped three times from labs in England in
         | the 1960's and 1970's, causing 80 cases and 3 deaths."
         | 
         | https://thebulletin.org/2021/05/the-origin-of-covid-did-peop...
        
           | jweir wrote:
           | Then a good deal of the population was vaccinated. The US
           | stopped vaccinating for small pox in, I think, 1972... just
           | before I was born.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | I was vaccinated. Back then, it was meant to last a
             | lifetime. Not sure that's the case, though.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | There was an interesting discussion in r/labrats about
           | hoarding old stuff in labs. Can definitely see it happen.
        
         | foo92691 wrote:
         | Deciding to culture the samples, versus just destroying them
         | without analysis, must be accompanied by an interesting
         | risk/benefit analysis.
        
           | tomjen3 wrote:
           | Honestly I am more concerned with the transport. If I had
           | found the samples I would consider burning down the lab.
           | 
           | Sorry, but the end of Smallpox is one of the greatest medical
           | success stories ever. I am not going to be the one who
           | reopens that particular Pandoras box.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | morpheuskafka wrote:
           | They were transported to the existing, single approved
           | location for processing these samples before being cultured.
           | So the risk may not have been any more than existing research
           | at that facility.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | I was always under the impressions, that they keep the
             | samples frozen in some big "freezer", and that they don't
             | poke them around and "play" with them... so opening an
             | unknown vial of an unknown sample of possibly smallpox,
             | having the sample analyzed, and all the procedures needed
             | for that, seem (to me) more risky than just keeping the
             | freezer running.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | If you're trying to decide how big a risk it is that there
           | are other vials out there, definitely. Especially since we've
           | stopped wide spread vaccination as it's considered
           | eradicated.
           | 
           | If some gov't lab deep in Siberia has some samples - how big
           | a problem would i be? actually?
        
             | killjoywashere wrote:
             | Spritz it on some freshly laundered towels in a 5-star
             | hotel (lots of international travelers) and you have a hot
             | mess fast. Same thing in a Motel 6, you get longer dwell
             | the in the first country before it spreads overseas.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | That was the 80's and 90's 'wake up in a cold sweat'
               | nightmare, when one wasn't having it about nukes, the
               | Cold War, and MAD anyway.
               | 
               | One can hope that anyone with the resources and
               | intelligence to pull that off, would 1) have something
               | better and more useful to do with their lives, and 2)
               | would have someone they care about somewhere and realize
               | it would almost certainly blow back on them too.
               | 
               | Definitely not guaranteed, but so far seems to be panning
               | out. Let's hope it stays that way.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | The scarier thought is some kind of gene-targeted virus
               | that avoids the blowback
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > If some gov't lab deep in Siberia has some samples
             | 
             | That's not an if. We know that the Vector Institute has
             | smallpox samples and they are headquartered in Siberia.
             | 
             | let's use this source maybe:
             | https://slate.com/technology/2014/07/vector-institute-in-
             | nov...
             | 
             | or maybe this one:
             | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/17/blast-
             | sparks-f...
             | 
             | It's really not a secret, and definitely not an "if"
        
       | 14 wrote:
       | As I mentioned this years ago here I once found microscope slides
       | in my grandpa basement labeled small pox. He was a doctor/
       | scientist. Everyone said that the slides would contain inactive
       | virus that were of no threat. I've long gotten rid of them
       | because I haven't owned a microscope in ages and with the
       | internet can always look up small pox there.
        
         | programmarchy wrote:
         | You can see smallpox with a microscope? I thought viruses were
         | too small to be seen except by electron microscopes.
        
           | 14 wrote:
           | Good question. I never tried to look at them under the
           | microscope so I have no clue what they showed. But I have no
           | doubt there was a slide of small pox since after my grandpa
           | died we found all sorts of weird shit in his basement. Big
           | jar of mercury, giant moths, frogs, strange bugs in jars of
           | formaldehyde and some even weirder shit.
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | Outside of an electron microscope not really, they are in the
           | femtometer range.
        
       | natch wrote:
       | It's also possible there is viable smallpox frozen in permafrost
       | which is increasingly thawing recently.
       | 
       | It would take an unlikely chain of events for it to reestablish
       | itself from that starting point, but it's possible.
        
       | wolfgang42 wrote:
       | A passing mention in the middle of the article caught my eye:
       | 
       |  _> a total of "15 questionable vials" with five labeled as
       | "smallpox" and 10 as "vaccinia."_
       | 
       | Had I misremembered the etymology of "vaccine"? Was this a typo?
       | Turns out to be an interesting story
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinia); TLDR, the actual
       | origins of the smallpox vaccine are surprisingly murky (due to a
       | lack of early record-keeping), so when scientists discovered that
       | the virus they were using to make it was actually a separate,
       | otherwise unknown species they used the name that Jenner had
       | originally applied to the cowpox he used for his early
       | vaccinations.
        
       | gnat wrote:
       | https://archive.md/T0FyB
        
       | miked85 wrote:
       | > _There is no indication that anyone has been exposed to the
       | small number of frozen vials._
       | 
       | Well that is comforting, as long as it was a small number of
       | vials, it is safe.
        
       | pram wrote:
       | Huh, I got a smallpox vaccine when I was in the military in 2006.
       | I assumed it was still a common thing, but I guess it hasn't been
       | done for civilians since the 70s? Crazy.
        
         | jart wrote:
         | "In July 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved
         | tecovirimat, the first drug approved for treatment of smallpox"
         | even though "the global eradication of smallpox was certified
         | by the World Health Assembly on 8 May 1980" could a doctor
         | please explain in what universe this makes sense?
        
           | LeoPanthera wrote:
           | The one where small vials of smallpox are occasionally found
           | abandoned in lab freezers.
        
             | jart wrote:
             | Biotech companies can create vaccines for _new_ diseases
             | within hours of receiving the source code. Why would pharma
             | pay billions of dollars to get a _treatment_ approved for
             | an old disease zero people have?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The rarer the disease the easier it is to get approved.
               | Once approved you can tell doctors can use it for
               | anything, and you can tell doctors what else it "might"
               | work for. Doctors can then buy it for those other things,
               | which they might do. You are supposed to study the other
               | things, but that takes time and a lot more money (to be
               | kind)
               | 
               | Note, the above is an over simplification, good enough
               | for discussion, but not for any other use. Those who the
               | above is useful information for already know many finer
               | details of the above, and how it varies from country to
               | country.
        
               | jart wrote:
               | That's quite a regulatory hack. Thanks for explaining it
               | to me.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Because it is a disease which has been weaponized by the
               | United States, United Kingdom and former Soviet Union at
               | a minimum.
               | 
               | Not only do diseases escape containment (there was a
               | weaponized Smallpox outbreak in 1971 in the USSR, and
               | Lyme disease is believed to have originated from Plum
               | Island, 2 miles off of Long Island), but there's a
               | nonzero probability that you'll have a planned release
               | someday.
        
           | zaptrem wrote:
           | There is still the fear of accidental outbreaks from
           | situations like OP, or biowarfare.
        
           | jccooper wrote:
           | The world in which smallpox is a potential weapon. Part of
           | the research was done by the Army. It is also effective
           | against other pox viruses.
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | I'm not a doctor, but from the looks of the wiki[0], it can
           | be used for other viruses in the pox family. Also, smallpox
           | is considered a major threat for bio-warfare, as multiple
           | nations have it in deep storage. That's why the military is
           | still vaccinated against it.
           | 
           | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecovirimat
        
           | joe-collins wrote:
           | Smallpox is still retained in government labs in the US and
           | Russia, and its genetic information is available and could
           | allow for its synthesis from scratch. The fear is that a bad
           | actor could create and/or set it loose as a bioweapon.
        
             | jart wrote:
             | Is it on GitHub?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | sibling comment:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29270337
        
               | dogma1138 wrote:
               | No, but the entire ~190K BP sequence is available on the
               | NIH website.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | I'm guessing that since that specific job sometimes leads to
         | free foreign travel, it's better to be vaccinated for as many
         | things as possible before deployment happens.
        
           | btilly wrote:
           | No, it is that smallpox is a good candidate for a bioweapon,
           | so we want to be sure that our soldiers to be protected
           | against any such bioweapon that an adversary might choose to
           | create. (In fact smallpox was historically used as a
           | bioweapon against Native Americans.)
           | 
           | There have been no smallpox cases in decades, so it is not a
           | concern that you might travel somewhere that smallpox is a
           | concern. It would have to be a deliberate attack.
           | 
           | Separately if anyone wonders why smallpox is called smallpox,
           | it is to distinguish it from the great pox, which is better
           | known as syphilis. The comparison is disfiguring scars for
           | smallpox, versus things like your nose falling off with
           | syphilis.
        
         | redis_mlc wrote:
         | It was eradicated outside labs, but there's always concern of
         | accidental releases, or that militaries will use it.
        
       | DebtDeflation wrote:
       | >In the event of an outbreak, the C.D.C. said, "there is enough
       | smallpox vaccine to vaccinate every person in the United States."
       | 
       | We'd be lucky to get 80% uptake. I can already imagine all of the
       | anti smallpox vaccine propaganda that would spread through FB
       | within a day.
        
         | lapetitejort wrote:
         | There's a difference between someone coughing through their
         | illness on instagram versus someone covered head to toe with
         | boils. Maybe someone could call it "a somewhat stronger
         | chickenpox" as a method of dismissal, but it'll be difficult.
        
           | mey wrote:
           | The amount of people I've heard say "I have a strong immune
           | system" (or some variation), as if that's a defense to COVID,
           | I'm sure would have no problem trotting that out against
           | Smallpox.
           | 
           | When we can make Big Bird promoting vaccination a political
           | issue, I expect the amount of people who would reject a
           | smallpox vaccine would be disturbingly high.
        
         | tomjen3 wrote:
         | When those who are not vaced ends up death at 30%, and far more
         | disfigured we won't have an issue with that vax.
         | 
         | Covid is deadly, but not too deadly.
         | 
         | At this point I am half considering if I should get one just
         | because - and also not sure what I would say to whom to get a
         | smallpox vaccine.
        
         | tuismuggler wrote:
         | I imagine most of the skeptical people would be happy with a
         | smallpox vaccine given it is a real vaccine that provides
         | immunity by injecting an inactive (non replicating) virus.
         | Compared to the latest ones that do something entirely
         | different and at beast provide 'protection' - the CDC changed
         | the definition of the word vaccine to include these latest
         | bunch of jabs.
        
       | IAmWorried wrote:
       | A smallpox pandemic would be orders of magnitude more deadly than
       | COVID. COVID has a very low death rate and is comparable to the
       | flu, whereas Smallpox kills 30% of people it infects and
       | disfigures an even higher percentage. And my understanding is
       | that it is just as contagious (may be wrong on this).
       | 
       | Read up on Operation Dark Winter (2001 era wargame of a US
       | smallpox outbreak) for details on how this might play out.
       | Spoiler alert - nothing good happens to humanity.
       | 
       | EDIT: I appear to have pissed off a lot of people by comparing
       | COVID to the flu. I apologize, I simply meant that COVID is a lot
       | closer to the flu than it is to smallpox. I am vaccinated and
       | wear a mask everywhere, I am not trying to "downplay COVID" or
       | whatever.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | ahem, death rate for CID is above th death for flu.
         | 
         | What data are you relying upon?
        
         | luke2m wrote:
         | Username checks out.
        
         | topkai22 wrote:
         | Smallpox is roughly as contagious as SARS-Cov2 Delta and
         | therefore more transmossible than the original variant. However
         | those numbers are the unmitigated numbers.
         | 
         | Public health and other authority figures have some advantages
         | in fighting smallpox versus SARS-Cov2. IIRC, smallpox is not
         | infectious until the "pox" are visible on the body, greatly
         | improving ability to screen for the disease and the vaccine
         | traditional used creates a small but visible scar, again aiding
         | screening.
         | 
         | The world also maintains a significant (300M doses vaccine
         | stockpile in the US as well as other countries) with already
         | approved vaccines that can begin manufacturering immediately.
         | 
         | Finally, smallpox is so deadly and obviously horrific that it
         | "should" help public health officials get past vaccine and
         | other mitigation "hesitantcy".
         | 
         | A smallpox pandemic would truly be devastating and much worse
         | then Covid19, but thankful there is reason to believe outbreaks
         | could be controlled before pandemic status was reached.
         | 
         | One of my biggest worries coming out of Covid19 is how
         | epidemiological public health has become tied up in political
         | identity and that the next pandemic will see significant
         | portions of the population actively resisting outbreak control
         | measures.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Based on what I've been able to find, Delta would have a
           | 'raw' (without extensive countermeasures) R0 of 12-13
           | (original Covid was measured in NYC pre-masking and lockdowns
           | at 6.4). Do you have cites for the other numbers you have?
           | 
           | Totally agree on severity (or lack thereof) being why it is
           | spreading and thriving. Also the high asymptomatic spread
           | helps too.
           | 
           | You can't get the consistent, strong response in taking
           | countermeasures you'd get from something more visibly
           | horrific like Ebola.
           | 
           | Though there have been many cases in Africa of someone
           | sneaking in to loot a 'dead' village or graveyard and
           | starting a new outbreak when they get home. So apparently
           | even almost certainly dying a horrible death while bleeding
           | from every opening isn't enough to get _everyone_ to take it
           | seriously.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Smallpox is significantly less infectious, and generally
         | requires close and extended contact with a person who is
         | coughing and infectious or a surface recently contaminated by
         | someone with open sores.
         | 
         | Original variant was about half as infectious as measles (the
         | most infectious known human disease), and some of the many of
         | the new Covid variants are very very close (about 80%) as
         | infectious as measles.
         | 
         | Difference between 'you pass it to your friend' and 'you walk
         | by a group of people in the park and they're infected'
        
           | timr wrote:
           | > Smallpox is significantly less infectious, and generally
           | requires close and extended contact with a person who is
           | coughing and infectious or a surface recently contaminated by
           | someone with open sores.
           | 
           | I don't know where you're getting your numbers. Current
           | estimates for smallpox R0 are all over the place (as are the
           | Covid ones, but I digress) and run from 1-20, with
           | contemporary numbers as high as 6:
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11742399/
           | 
           | Measuring R0 is not like measuring a physical constant of the
           | universe, or the seek latency of a hard drive or something.
           | The value varies with time and context, and the best we ever
           | get for a virus is a vague idea of relative infectiousness.
           | Comparing virus X to virus Y based on R0 alone is largely a
           | fool's errand, particularly for a virus that hasn't been in a
           | human in decades.
           | 
           | Smallpox has rather infamously spread _between stories of a
           | building from a closed laboratory_ (this is disputed, but
           | plausible), so I wouldn 't be so quick to characterize it as
           | requiring "close and extended contact":
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_.
           | ..
           | 
           | > you walk by a group of people in the park and they're
           | infected
           | 
           | This has _never_ been documented in the entire history of
           | SARS-CoV2. For that matter, there have been almost no
           | documented outdoor infections, in _any_ context. These
           | hysterical claims need to be put down.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Ah, your data is well out of date.
             | 
             | This isn't hysteria, and I don't think hysteria is called
             | for.
             | 
             | If smallpox had these numbers, well, that is a different
             | story. But smallpox has had likely thousands of years to
             | evolve higher infectivity, and seems to have reached a
             | local maxima that isn't there. Covid still has time to
             | explore options.
             | 
             | Measured R0 in New York for COVID was 6.4 [https://www.medr
             | xiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104653v...] for the
             | original strain before lockdown and masking.
             | 
             | Those appear to have greatly reduced the basic replication
             | rate to around .9-1.3 or so shortly afterwards. As they are
             | very severe countermeasures, it's disingenuous to use the
             | reduced replication rate 'raw' as no one is going to be
             | doing them 'naturally'.
             | 
             | The delta variant (B.1.617.2), now dominant in California
             | and elsewhere, is approximately 2x more infectious than
             | that original variant from the data I've found, which is
             | limited [easiest thing I could fine here was https://www.np
             | r.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/9947104...].
             | 
             | That would put it (in a 'natural' setting) at R0 being
             | roughly 12-13. Measles is estimated to have a R0 of 12-18.
             | [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757186/]
             | 
             | Outdoor infection IS less likely - this study of infected
             | construction workers show only 1.4% of their outdoor only
             | co-workers were infected by infected workers, where 43% of
             | people they lived with and 26% of people they had indoor
             | contact with while working got infected. There are many
             | documented cases of outdoor infections, and even more where
             | no known source could be found and all indoor or other
             | sources were ruled out.
             | 
             | New variants driving up infectivity will of course drive
             | this number up over time if infections are allowed to
             | spread (albeit hopefully vaccination can cut it off at the
             | knees).
             | 
             | What does this mean? Without a vigorous public health
             | response, Covid will continue to spread. It may continue to
             | spread despite a very rigorous response from authorities
             | because the body count is going to be low enough that many
             | people just won't care.
             | 
             | If we get an unfortunate deadlier variant, then maybe that
             | will change. But one thing appears sure - we're past the
             | point (if there ever was one) where there is anything easy
             | or pleasant that is going to happen.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > Ah, your data is well out of date.
               | 
               | Smallpox has been eradicated since the 1970s. There is no
               | other data, and the data that exists doesn't support your
               | assertion. A paper from 2001 _is_ up to date.
               | 
               | Citing point estimates for SARS-CoV2 is not a rebuttal;
               | there are _many_ such estimates, and as I said, they 're
               | specific to time and place. The best you can do is
               | compare distributions and look for general trends.
               | 
               | > The delta variant (B.1.617.2), now dominant in
               | California and elsewhere, is approximately 2x more
               | infectious than that original variant from the data I've
               | found...That would put it (in a 'natural' setting) at R0
               | being roughly 12-13
               | 
               | You're just making things up. You can't take an old
               | estimate, multiply it by some arbitrary factor, and draw
               | a conclusion from it.
        
         | jayflux wrote:
         | > A smallpox pandemic would be orders of magnitude more deadly
         | than COVID
         | 
         | Edit: fair enough there's no vaccinations for smallpox anymore.
         | But countries do still buy stockpiles
        
           | jinpa_zangpo wrote:
           | Childhood vaccinations against smallpox in the US stopped in
           | 1971, 50 years ago.
           | 
           | https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-
           | abstract/49/...
        
           | joshuaissac wrote:
           | > People still get vaccinated against smallpox when they're
           | young
           | 
           | No, they don't. I do not think there is even a single country
           | that routinely vaccinates children against smallpox.
        
           | valarauko wrote:
           | I don't think universal smallpox vaccination for infants is
           | the case in any country now, at least since the 1980's.
        
           | max-ibel wrote:
           | No they don't, at least in the US. Older people may still be
           | vaccinated in their youth (I guess when born before 1980s).
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Given that widespread vaccination for smallpox stopped in the
           | 70's, I guess responding to a large outbreak would be a big
           | problem. I'd hope we've got lots of smallpox vaccine
           | stockpiled, though.
        
         | kupiakos wrote:
         | COVID is _not_ comparable to the flu. It 's 3-20x as deadly
         | depending on a variety of factors.
         | 
         | Smallpox would still be significantly more deadly than COVID
         | individually, but I'd bet people would take lockdowns much more
         | seriously for smallpox than they did for COVID, preventing a
         | pandemic and resulting in fewer deaths overall. Especially
         | because people believe falsehoods like "COVID is comparable to
         | the flu" because it downplays the risk.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | Depends on the flu, and on how effective that year's flu
           | vaccine is. The 1918-1919 flu had its highest mortality rate
           | in the young adult range, where it was unquestionably higher
           | than covid-19 (although the lack of PCR tests or equivalent
           | back then make it difficult to arrive at precise numbers
           | infected). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu#Epidemio
           | logy_and_p...
        
             | kupiakos wrote:
             | Comparing modern death rates to the 1919 flu, and to
             | historical smallpox infection, is not useful. Medical
             | technology has come a long way in a century and so average
             | mortality rates have dropped for all diseases.
             | 
             | 2019 and 2020 had particularly dangerous flu seasons and
             | were still significantly less deadly than COVID.
        
               | rossdavidh wrote:
               | 2019-20 and 2020-21 were both actually milder flu seasons
               | than normal, I believe you might have been thinking of
               | the 2018-19 flu season?
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/past-seasons.html
               | 
               | Also, the principal advantage modern medicine had in
               | these flu seasons, compared to 1918-1919, was that we had
               | an effective vaccine for the most at-risk population to
               | take, and the most at-risk were not the ones most likely
               | to be out and about working. I've never seen a convincing
               | explanation of why the 1918-1919 flu hit young adults the
               | hardest, but whatever the reason, we're really lucky
               | covid-19 did not work that way.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | The 2020-2021 flu season was the mildest flu season on
               | record. In the US, there were only about 700 influenza
               | deaths in the 20-21 season, compared to 22,000 in the
               | 19-20 season, and 34,000 in the 18-19 season. Similar
               | trends were seen around the world.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/flu-has-
               | disappear...
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > COVID is not comparable to the flu. It's 3-20x as deadly
           | 
           | Well, there are you, comparing them.
           | 
           | If you do the same with smallpox you will get unrecognizable
           | high numbers.
        
             | kupiakos wrote:
             | "comparable" was interpreted to mean "similar risk
             | profiles", which is not true.
             | 
             | We don't have a recent smallpox outbreak to compare to for
             | mortality with modern medical treatment. It's possible
             | smallpox is only 5% deadly these days, we just don't know.
        
           | schrodinger wrote:
           | Give the benefit of the doubt. It's certainly deadlier but
           | still comparable in the scheme of things relative to a 30%
           | death rate virus. I'm vaxxed and have a booster, mask up, and
           | def not a denier but it's true that the death rate of covid
           | is fairly low for most folks.
        
             | hunterb123 wrote:
             | The amount of apologizing and disclaiming in this thread is
             | sad.
             | 
             | You shouldn't have to announce your medical history to
             | compare fatality rates of a virus.
        
             | gfodor wrote:
             | You're right. People are triggered by the comparison.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | This is a good history on the effects and changing forms of
           | treatment.
           | 
           | "The case-fatality rate varied from 20% to 60% and left most
           | survivors with disfiguring scars. The case-fatality rate in
           | infants was even higher, approaching 80% in London and 98% in
           | Berlin during the late 1800s."
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/
        
           | nickthemagicman wrote:
           | 30ish% fatality rate of small pox.
           | 
           | I think Black Plague was like 60% fatality rate and killed so
           | many people that it's theorized it paved the way for the
           | enlightenment by disrupting entrenched economic
           | stratification.
           | 
           | Covid is essentially the flu compared to a real historical
           | pandemic.
           | 
           | There were not any 'black plague' deniers.
        
         | bastardoperator wrote:
         | This is certifably false when it comes to covid and the flu:
         | according to Johns Hopkins University, about 3.1 million people
         | around the world had died of COVID-19 as of April 26, 2021.
         | The flu, meanwhile, kills between 290,000 to 650,000 people
         | every year worldwide, according to the World Health
         | Organization.
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | A 5x difference largely skewed towards the elderly and obese
           | fits the definition of "comparable", but ofc this is assumed
           | to be a downplaying tactic.
        
             | himinlomax wrote:
             | The flu also kills mostly the elderly and sick. In fact I
             | get the impression that it does so more than Covid does.
        
             | bastardoperator wrote:
             | It is when you look at the flu data. You think the flu
             | kills more people on average? It doesn't, and most people
             | that die from the flu are also elderly or have pre-existing
             | conditions.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Your comment is going to age like skim milk.
               | 
               | Covid killed so many people because it was novel. It'll
               | likely decline year over year as the population either
               | develops antibodies or dies (of covid or natural causes).
        
               | bastardoperator wrote:
               | "likely"
               | 
               | That doesn't sound very confident...
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | That's comparing covid without vaccine or widespread natural
           | immunity to flu with vaccine and widespread natural immunity.
           | 
           | Consider the 1918 flu pandemic where people were unprotected
           | against a new strain and 1-3% of the world's population died.
        
           | skocznymroczny wrote:
           | Depends on the definition of deaths. Most people don't get
           | tested for flu. Also, in many cases, died of covid means "had
           | a positive test result within two weeks of death". That's
           | ignoring the dubious reliability of PCR tests in general.
        
           | Grim-444 wrote:
           | Using the very numbers you posted, covid is then between 4.7
           | and 10.6 times deadlier than the flu. If your covid number is
           | the total from the last two years, then it's 2.3 to 5.3 times
           | deadlier than the flu. You don't think it's valid to draw a
           | comparison between the two?
           | 
           | Also those rates would be artificially high, as the elderly,
           | who are overwhemingly the ones vulnerable to both viruses,
           | had a yearly shot to protect them from the flu, but not from
           | covid, until recently. Now that the vulnerable also have a
           | layer of protection from covid as well, that multiple will
           | drop much lower.
        
           | tigershark wrote:
           | These estimates are bullshit. _Only in India_ there are 4.5M
           | excess deaths.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | We know what smallpox is, how it spreads, how to slow it
         | down/prevent it, and most importantly we will have a vaccine
         | for it in every pharmacy well before it breaks out the way
         | covid did. The two are not at all comparable.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I don't think we can grow our smallpox vaccine stockpile that
           | fast. We know how to make them and have the ability, but
           | getting production to scale will take a fair amount of time.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | This was one of the bottlenecks that COVID vaccines faced,
             | as well. Researchers made COVID vaccines relatively
             | quickly, and it took a relatively long time for mass
             | production to ramp up.
        
             | HarryHirsch wrote:
             | Smallpox vaccine can be grown in people - look at how the
             | original vaccination campaigns got theirs across the ocean
             | before there was refrigeration.
             | 
             | If there was a smallpox outbreak the country the country
             | would go to a sudden stop and everyone would race to be
             | vaccinated, it is that deadly. Unfortunately, Covid is in
             | that uncanny valley where too many people do not care until
             | it hits them personally. That's why we are all fucked.
        
       | ctoth wrote:
       | It seems super unlikely, but can anyone here help reduce my
       | anxiety that this might be related to the recent Monkeypox cases
       | in the US? [0] Like, the timing doesn't work out, and the person
       | who got infected came from Africa so we're probably not seeing
       | something like community spread... And this would almost
       | certainly be too old to infect people. Anything I'm missing?
       | 
       | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29269936
        
       | mberning wrote:
       | Just priming everybody for the next manufactured crisis.
        
       | theandrewbailey wrote:
       | > The frozen vials "were incidentally discovered by a laboratory
       | worker while cleaning out a freezer in a facility that conducts
       | vaccine research in Pennsylvania"
       | 
       | Occam's razor suggests that those were put into the freezer
       | decades ago and forgotten, and if they were moved, no one
       | bothered to read the labels until now.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | Now just imagine what you could discover cleaning your own
         | freezer
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | Yeah, I agree. But Occam's razor rarely makes a good enough
         | story...
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Occam's razor is just the inverse of "where's smoke there's
           | fire". It's really not saying much.
        
       | gwerbret wrote:
       | > Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency physician at Lenox Hill
       | Hospital in New York, said that smallpox can be lethal "even
       | after it is freeze-dried."
       | 
       | For context, the vials were probably found in a -80C or liquid
       | nitrogen -140C freezer, so they are highly unlikely to be freeze
       | dried (assuming they were properly sealed).
       | 
       | For additional possible context, it's not at all uncommon in the
       | biomedical research world for vials to be forgotten in these
       | freezers for decades. The classic situation is that a student or
       | postdoctoral fellow has boxes in the freezer, and graduates or
       | leaves without cleaning out the boxes. The boxes remain protected
       | and ignored by producing a powerful "Somebody Else's Problem"
       | field [0], usually until the need for freezer space becomes
       | desperately dire (which I'm guessing is what happened here).
       | 
       | Given that likelihood, AND that this was a lab working on vaccine
       | research, _and_ that they found vials labeled  "smallpox" _and_
       | "vaccinia" (virus used to make the smallpox vaccine) side by
       | side, I wouldn't be at all surprised if the CDC's concern were
       | justified.
       | 
       | [0]: Obligatory Hitchhiker's Guide reference:
       | https://hitchhikers.fandom.com/wiki/Somebody_Else%27s_Proble...
        
       | wincy wrote:
       | If I were working in a lab I'd think it was hilarious to write
       | "smallpox" on random bottles. Probably good that I work in
       | software and not biology.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | Even correctly labelled bottles can be dangerous. THere was an
         | explosion in my lab when somebody touched a bottle of ether.
         | Please don't make it any harder...
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | At my high school they found a 40 year old bottle of picric
           | acid. Came with the original lab stock in 1960
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | You have to do a little more than touch ether to set it off.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | are you a chemist? 5 year old bottles of ether have to be
             | treated exceptionally carefully to to free radicals.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | Ethers can form highly reactive (i.e. explosive) organic
             | peroxides when exposed to oxygen, especially over a long
             | period -- for example, when a half-empty bottle is left on
             | a shelf for a few years.
             | 
             | https://www.uaf.edu/safety/industrial-hygiene/laboratory-
             | saf...
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I went back and re-read the explanation for the explosion
               | in my lab.
               | https://synapse.ucsf.edu/articles/2019/03/24/date-ucsf-
               | histo...
               | 
               | This is the part I knew about, since I had discussed it
               | with the individuals involved when I moved into the
               | office:
               | 
               | "Well aware of the dangers of old ether, Shetlar
               | carefully set the cans in the fume hood next to the
               | cabinet, venting the lids. He went back to work in the
               | cabinet and almost immediately heard a "pop" sound from
               | the hood.
               | 
               | However, if you read further, there are several important
               | bits of data which instead show that it's more likely a
               | second set of ether bottles caught on fire and ignited
               | the one that exploded and sprayed nitric acid on Martin.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That's a plot device in 'no time to die'.
        
         | _jal wrote:
         | I thought that too.
         | 
         | But then I use vintage lab glassware labeled Hydrochloric Acid
         | and Potassium Hydroxide for oil & vinegar containers.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Let's hope nobody has a similar sense of humor and replaces
           | the contents with that which it says on the label.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Luckily you rarely pour oil or vinegar directly into your
             | mouth. Usually you pour it onto something else, and you'd
             | discover that it contains the wrong liquid.
        
           | labster wrote:
           | I assume the oil is in the HCl because KOH would break... eh,
           | never mind.
        
         | natch wrote:
         | Like the fighter jet pilot who reported all those UFOs ... he
         | literally called himself the class clown type in an interview,
         | yet still people believe his story.
        
           | influx wrote:
           | I'm confused what you're referring to, since they released
           | videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rO_M0hLlJ-Q. Are you
           | claiming the pilot faked the video?
        
         | worik wrote:
         | I am glad you do not work with me.
        
         | mindcrime wrote:
         | You could always put a vial labeled "smallpox" in the break-
         | room fridge. But I have a feeling you will end up jobless, if
         | not incarcerated, as a result. YMMV.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Outside of a lab, I seriously doubt anyone would get more
           | than a laugh. Maybe my workplaces aren't serious enough.
        
             | mindcrime wrote:
             | I want to believe that you are correct. But it seems like
             | everybody is so damned hyper-sensitive and over reactive to
             | everything these days... _sigh_
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | My first thought was that someone young labeled it as a joke
         | years ago and forgot about it
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | Hopefully they're smart enough not to brag about it now that
           | the feds are involved.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | Handwriting or printer yellow dots can still lead to them.
             | 
             | Sign of times though - calling law enforcement when you
             | find old pathogen and its vaccine in a freezer in a vaccine
             | development lab. MBA types. In order to mentally train
             | myself for an MBA career i need to start calling law
             | enforcement anytime i find a bug in the 20+ years old code.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | >calling law enforcement when you find old work in the
               | lab. MBA types.
               | 
               | It's not just MBA types. Needlessly escalating up the
               | chain as a means to shirk responsibility is a broader
               | societal trend. Post "what do I do" about anything
               | anywhere short of a prepper forum and people will tell
               | you to call some external authority, the police, your
               | landlord, a credentialed professional, etc, etc, and wash
               | your hands of the situation. Worse still, they will
               | deride others for taking the responsibility of doing
               | things themselves.
               | 
               | Odds are there's nothing of note in those vials. It's
               | either a joke or the lab was previously doing something
               | that's Nth order smallpox related so someone wrote
               | smallpox on the vials because what's in them bears some
               | logical relationship to something about smallpox, not
               | because it's literally smallpox. And even if there is
               | smallpox in there this is a facility that already works
               | with similarly nasty things so they should already know
               | how to deal with it.
               | 
               | Had the person cleaning the fridge brought this to their
               | supervisor and they decided to dispose of it however the
               | CDC will (there's published best practices for this
               | stuff) people would be screeching about "why didn't you
               | call the .gov to save you" as if the .gov would do
               | anything other than follow the same best practices for
               | disposal with the added extra step of collecting evidence
               | to leave the door open to prosecuting people should they
               | feel the can do so and stressing the crap out of
               | everybody in the process.
               | 
               | Edit: Why don't any of the people that have decided my
               | comment is wrongthink do me the courtesy of explaining
               | why I'm so wrong?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | You are wrong because for all questions someone might ask
               | the response is leave it to someone qualified.
               | 
               | I teach my kids how to use a knife. I panic when my baby
               | finds a knife, but when the baby gets a few years older I
               | will make them qualified to hold a knife.
               | 
               | If you are reasonably intelligent and able bodied (able
               | bodied differs depending on the task) you can learn to do
               | anything a human can do. However there isn't time to
               | learn everything there is to know. Some things (brain
               | surgery) take years and have a well earned reputation of
               | being hard. Some things are easy.
               | 
               | Part of disposing of this is proper documentation of your
               | process all along the way. The documentation is probably
               | harder than the actual work. Because mistakes are so
               | dangerous we should put you in prison for attempting to
               | destroy a sample and failing. If you destroy a sample you
               | need to prove you did it correctly, the documentation
               | that you did that should be complex.
        
               | krotton wrote:
               | Well, you're dangerously wrong in simply assuming it's
               | not smallpox, having zero evidence for your thesis.
        
               | nirvdrum wrote:
               | You're bringing in character flaws into something that
               | doesn't require them. Nothing is to be lost by treating
               | the vials as live samples and having the appropriate
               | experts deal with them. On the other hand, if you decide
               | that there really isn't a risk -- a conclusion you have
               | no data to support -- and you screw it up, you're going
               | to unleash a pox on the world that is highly contagious
               | and very few are vaccinated against. The 1978 outbreak in
               | the UK [1] really upended many lives. Given the modern
               | political climate in the US, I'm going to guess
               | containment would be next to impossible.
               | 
               | Maybe the risk is low, but the severity is very high. If
               | there's an outbreak, we may never get it contained again.
               | So, follow the appropriate protocols and hopefully no one
               | gets hurt. If it turns out they were a prank or not
               | viable, no one gets hurt either. This has nothing to do
               | with shirking responsibility. It's quite the opposite.
               | Going all cowboy on the handling of the samples would be
               | incredibly selfish. For what? The ability to tell a story
               | of sticking it to the man?
               | 
               | [1] -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_smallpox_outbre
               | ak_in_the_...
        
               | BbzzbB wrote:
               | Really? Contacting the CDC after finding
               | "smallpox"-labelled vials in a vaccine research lab
               | sounds like the responsible thing to do and completely
               | unrelated to MBAs.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I actually just got my MBA so I feel extra qualified to
               | answer this statement.
               | 
               | When you see something that does not seem belong where it
               | is, you cannot pretend that did not see it. In fact,
               | willful blindness is a thing. There is a reason CYA has
               | become a well known acronym.
        
               | trevyn wrote:
               | I'm curious, do you see the fundamental vulnerability in
               | this state of affairs?
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | That is an interesting question and I am inclined to
               | answer it, but I don't want to assume the meaning behind
               | it. Could you narrow it down a little to make sure I
               | don't misinterpret it?
        
               | trevyn wrote:
               | > When you see something that does not seem belong where
               | it is, you cannot pretend that did not see it.
               | 
               | 1) How do you decide if something "belongs where it is"?
               | 
               | 2) If a large proportion of a society agreed on a
               | decision function and behaved as you suggest, is there a
               | straightforward way an adversary could take advantage of
               | this situation?
               | 
               | 3) Bonus: Is there evidence this is happening today?
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | >> 1) How do you decide if something "belongs where it
               | is"?
               | 
               | Experience and training. I just went through somewhat
               | extensive system testing. Without going into specifics,
               | there were several instances of 'expected behavior' vs
               | 'actual behavior'. But this example may be a little too
               | esoteric.
               | 
               | Lets say I walk around my house and see a book nested in
               | a tree growing next to the fence. Does the book belong
               | there? I would venture it does not. Reasonable person
               | standard probably could apply here.
               | 
               | >> 2) If a large proportion of a society agreed on a
               | decision function and behaved as you suggest, is there a
               | straightforward way an adversary could take advantage of
               | this situation?
               | 
               | Yes. And, in a sense, it is already being exploited in
               | most visible way via social media. But I disagree with
               | the phrasing of your question, because I think US society
               | already behaves this way, which is precisely why it is
               | being exploited.
               | 
               | >> 3) Bonus: Is there evidence this is happening today?
               | 
               | See #2.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Good luck getting that mentality ingrained into society.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | Um.. I don't want to sound dismissive, but that mentality
               | is part of society already ( especially if you consider
               | the surveillance US population happily places where they
               | live ).
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | No law enforcement != no action ("pretend that did not
               | see it"). Classic strawman. You definitely got your money
               | worth as your post has all the qualities of an MBA type.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I am assuming good faith. What part of my statement is a
               | strawman?
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | No law enforcement != no action ("pretend that did not
               | see it").
               | 
               | Hmm. Despite the edit, I still do not see it as strawman.
               | The important piece and this may be the piece missing
               | from this conversation is 'what action did I take?'. It
               | is not that law enforcement is necessary in all, most, or
               | even some instances. The question is whether you IGNORE
               | something that should not be ignored.
               | 
               | Again, it is possible I am not understanding your
               | argument. Please elaborate.
        
       | rasengan wrote:
       | https://news.yahoo.com/bill-gates-warns-smallpox-terror-0001...
       | 
       | Just like he said about covid.
        
         | ajvs wrote:
         | I'm curious what kind of privileged insight could Gates have
         | when he's just a billionaire with no expertise and special
         | clearance in this domain? Or is this such a high likelihood
         | scenario that it's the first thing any billionaire would come
         | up with?
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | Well he isn't "just a billionaire with no expertise or
           | special clearance in this domain". He has spent more time
           | working on vaccine distribution and disease eradication than
           | he spent as CEO of Microsoft. He founded and leads an
           | organization that operates in this domain. He's literally one
           | of the leading global experts in this domain.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | You don't have to go far to find a book written pre-2019 that
           | outlines the pandemic that just occurred down to a T. This is
           | something a lot of smart people hypothesized and it's
           | something a lot of people took seriously. Indeed the
           | catchphrase for it was probably "when, not if". I sure didn't
           | think Gates sounded apocalyptic or unrealistic when he did
           | his TED Talk about the future pandemic. It was all stuff I
           | already knew! I just didn't expect it _quite_ so soon.
        
           | mizzack wrote:
           | Who knows? But it'd be naive to think that donating billions
           | to global health orgs over the years doesn't buy some sort of
           | access.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | ardit33 wrote:
       | Sounds like the start of a disaster movie.
       | 
       | I feel after these last couple of years have been in such a way,
       | that Hollywood needs to up the ante on their disaster movies.
       | 
       | Things that were outlandish and seen only on TV are becoming
       | reality.
        
       | andbberger wrote:
       | Thing is, it's ridiculously to create smallpox just from the
       | sequence. A grad student could do it easily. You order DNA in a
       | few parts (the full sequence is one of few things you can't just
       | order), splice them together, transfect it into a cell line and
       | in about a week you're manufacturing smallpox
        
         | oasisbob wrote:
         | Smallpox has a genome with approximately 200k base pairs.
         | 
         | I think you're underestimating the difficulty of synthesizing
         | and amplifying a full genome of this size.
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | How different is it to other pox viruses? You might need a
           | few snips...
        
           | andbberger wrote:
           | Grad student I know says he could do it in a week
        
             | prohobo wrote:
             | I love this reply, thank you
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | Is there anything like how copiers won't copy money to stop
         | mail order DNA places from supplying smallpox (and similar)?
        
       | btbuildem wrote:
       | > In the event of an outbreak, the C.D.C. said, "there is enough
       | smallpox vaccine to vaccinate every person in the United States."
       | 
       | I wonder whether the CDC has re-evaluated their scenarios and
       | simulations given the politicization of vaccines during this
       | pandemic.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | IIRC, the smallpox vaccine is the one that scars you for life.
         | I bet a lot of people would be afraid of it at first, but a 30%
         | fatality rate is probably high enough to change a lot of
         | antivaxers' minds.
        
           | snerbles wrote:
           | Anecdata, but my smallpox vaccine scar is a small, ~1cm spot.
           | 
           | The risk of "inadvertent autoinoculation" was my bigger
           | concern - if you touch the site before it's fully healed, you
           | can spread the vaccina virus to other parts of your own body.
           | In rare cases it's been known to cause blindness. Fortunately
           | a Tegaderm dressing kept it contained to my shoulder, but
           | damn did it itch like crazy for those few weeks.
        
           | rectang wrote:
           | I have a smallpox immunization scar on my upper arm. It's
           | about the size of a quarter and not very ugly. It is trivial
           | compared to the disfigurement that typically came with
           | contracting actual smallpox.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Also, being dead is terrible for your skin, so.
             | 
             | And anyway, if everyone has the scar we've all got the same
             | tiny deduction in 'attractiveness,' so it cancels out I
             | guess.
        
           | max-ibel wrote:
           | Yeah, but the scar is fairly small and can be in a place that
           | isn't showing. That would be the least of my concerns ...
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | Smallpox is much nastier than COVID. After a few days of the
         | nightly news showing bulldozers pushing piles of bodies into
         | mass graves, I imagine vaccine uptake would be better than our
         | current situation.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | Don't take this as a serious analysis, but I can't help but
         | attribute so much anti-covid vaccine mentality to the fact that
         | Covid is NOT a visible disease, and quite frankly, it's
         | lethality is a dice-roll. Perfectly healthy twenty-somethings
         | can be laid-low while retirees can show no symptoms. The
         | disease has to be taken seriously but its variability skews
         | people's perception of it.
         | 
         | Smallpox, on the other hand, is absolutely grotesque in
         | comparison. Highly visible and much more lethal. In terms of
         | human perception I think that fear of catching it would
         | overrule the fear of 'the government' or 'the pharmaceutical
         | companies'. It also probably helps that the Smallpox vaccine
         | has been around for a lot longer.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | There's no need to fear the .gov or big pharma when it comes
           | to smallpox because there's no need to trust them in the
           | first place. The smallpox vaccine is old and very well
           | proven.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I'm having trouble getting good stats on it, but it looks
             | like there were a handful of deaths -- maybe, single or low
             | double digits -- that could be directly attributed to the
             | COVID vaccine.
             | 
             | The smallpox vaccine, if we had to vaccinate the whole
             | country, could cause some deaths too. This pretty old paper
             | estimates somewhere ~200, I've seen an estimate elsewhere
             | of around ~500, can't get a good source on the second one
             | (probably they are in the same ballpark accounting for
             | error bars and population growth since the '60s).
             | 
             | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196911272812205
             | 
             | Anyway, all this is to say -- there are definitely
             | complaints to be had about big pharma, but the industry is
             | pretty good at managing measurable risks nowadays. I don't
             | know if 'old and well proven' is quite right. They were
             | working with a different set of tradeoffs -- they had worse
             | tech at the time, expectations were lower (and medicine was
             | generally more dangerous)... but obviously, better than
             | getting smallpox!
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | There is a certain truth to this. I'm listening to the
           | wonderful History of Byzantium podcast, and an episode is
           | devoted to the plague during Justinian's reign that killed
           | maybe 40% of the population of Constantinople. Whole ships of
           | dead sailors drifted the seas. The description of the disease
           | progression caused by Yersinia pestis is awful. People were
           | throwing themselves off buildings to end their suffering. So
           | higher mortality, and more visible, less ambiguous symptoms
           | (like necrosis, giant lymph nodes, etc.).
           | 
           | Not to discount the seriousness of covid at all. I have a
           | relative in his 40s whose life hangs on a thread right now.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | cbxyp wrote:
       | When will you guys stop being fools for a few minutes and stop
       | being coincidence theorists? For once, try assuming that there
       | are 'people' in charge who have nothing but contempt for people
       | with views that run directly counter to reality and are utterly
       | dismissive of valid conjecture and independent investigation.
       | They've lied to you about the safety and efficacy of mRNA
       | vaccines (they have no idea about safety or efficacy and that
       | should be clear with "boosters" and Pfizer's extensive criminal
       | history regarding forged trial results), they hold big
       | biosecurity events that directly precede releases of dangerous
       | viruses.
       | 
       | https://aaronsiri.substack.com/p/fda-asks-federal-judge-to-g...
       | 
       | The FDA has asked until 2076 to release the data they used to
       | approve the Pfizer "vaccine". Deny it all you want, excuse away
       | this behavior with "Occam's razor" and your belief in their
       | excuses all you want. If you do not question at this point what
       | is going on then you are being led by the nose like a fool. I
       | can't believe personally a community of self-professed "Hackers"
       | has devolved to a collective preaching blind trust in omnipotent,
       | proven malevolent authorities..
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Can you please not break the site guidelines like this? It's,
         | well, against the site guidelines, and it's also not in your
         | interest. When you post like this, you're hurting your own
         | case, in exchange for the momentary relief of venting/railing
         | against "fools". (I don't mean just you, of course--this is a
         | common problem; most of us have it to some degree.)
         | 
         | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking the
         | intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be grateful.
         | Note these two:
         | 
         | " _Please don 't fulminate._"
         | 
         | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid unrelated controversies and generic
         | tangents._ "
        
         | simonbh wrote:
         | Do you actually look into what this document is stating? The
         | document linked to in this article is not from the FDA, but
         | from the group suing them for the FOIA request. This filing,
         | and others from this group, are only allegations. This is not
         | evidence from the FOIA process nor a statement from the FDA.
         | Since I cannot find the original sources of these documents, I
         | can only link to these: Docket:
         | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21087968-txn-42021cv...
         | Filing 1: http://phmpt.org/wp-
         | content/uploads/2021/10/001-Complaint-10... Filing 2:
         | https://www.sirillp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/020-Secon...
        
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