[HN Gopher] Freedom is not a goal, but a direction
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Freedom is not a goal, but a direction
        
       Author : mef51
       Score  : 279 points
       Date   : 2021-11-17 06:44 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (edwardsnowden.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (edwardsnowden.substack.com)
        
       | arnoooooo wrote:
       | I can understand how it could be considered that in a very non-
       | free society, but no. Freedom exists only as an equilibrium
       | between your freedom and that of others, between paralyzing order
       | and utter chaos.
        
         | myfavoritedog wrote:
         | Yes, freedom is in equilibrium with collectivism in any
         | functioning society.
         | 
         | The mistake people make when acknowledging that a
         | freedom/collectivism equilibrium exists is to assume that
         | freedom/collectivism changes are also in some sort of balance.
         | 
         | The reality is that collectivism is like the dark side of the
         | Force. It's powerful. Seductive. Once you go down the path of
         | embracing collectivism, it's extraordinarily difficult to turn
         | back. Sounds dramatic, I know. But collective state action is a
         | slippery slope. It's really easy to say, "everyone should do X"
         | and in a democratic society, all you need is a slim majority to
         | make X a law. But X isn't always enacted properly. The
         | unforeseen consequences of X are often really unpleasant. But
         | rolling back X is always harder than putting it in place.
         | 
         | You have to remember that every time you hand over a problem X
         | to people in government, X gives them more power. Power is
         | almost never relinquished willingly by the powerful.
        
         | mfcl wrote:
         | I was thinking, I can currently go from NA to Europe today if I
         | wanted to. But that level of technology and orchestration would
         | not be possible in a lawless and barbaric society (at least I
         | don't think so). This possibility offers me a lot of freedom
         | (traveling around the world) and in exchange, I had to follow
         | rules and work. I gave some freedom and got more in exchange.
         | The same thing applies for many other things like
         | communication, food, entertainment, etc.
         | 
         | But in the end we all win, for each unit of freedom we give
         | away (or invest), we get more back (ideally).
         | 
         | So is equilibrium the right word? Or maybe we are talking about
         | different things. I don't know, I'm not making a statement or
         | counter-argument here, just thinking out loud.
         | 
         | There are definitely attempts in the world to restrict freedom
         | not in the word of efficiency, but control and power. The line
         | between the two can be blurry.
        
           | 988747 wrote:
           | You make a mistake in equating "barbaric society" with
           | freedom. Barbarians weren't free, maybe except their chief
           | and elders. Common tribe members were all subordinated - the
           | tribe would even put some mark on their body (tattoo,
           | circumcision) to remind them that they are tribe's property.
           | Democratic society is much more free than a barbaric one.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | What do you mean when you say free?
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | Ability to make your own choices. The way I understand
               | barbaric societies is that whatever your elders come up
               | with you are obliged to follow their lead, if you object
               | you will be banished or killed.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | freeflight wrote:
               | _> you are obliged to follow their lead, if you object
               | you will be banished or killed_
               | 
               | Not really that different to today, except that it's a
               | circle of elders and their lead is codified in laws.
               | 
               | But breaking these laws will still get you "banished" aka
               | deported if you are not a citizen, and if you are citizen
               | you will face consequences for your noncompliance, which
               | in some places can still reach all the way up to the
               | death sentence.
               | 
               | So in a way it's still all just barbaric societies, but
               | with extra steps.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > So in a way it's still all just barbaric societies, but
               | with extra steps.
               | 
               | You've got it. Proper civilization and a free society are
               | still a long way off. Laws and democracy limit the
               | variance (good and bad) but don't automatically create a
               | better outcome. We still need people to make the right
               | decisions. And these systems of law and democracy which
               | serve mainly to promote _stability_ introduce their own
               | problems by encouraging people to confuse  "legal" or
               | "popular" with "right", and "illegal" or "unpopular" with
               | "wrong".
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | You can still do that in any society. Even though it's
               | illegal, you can run a red light or cheat on your taxes.
               | The notion that you somehow can't is just mauvaise foi.
               | Of course you can. You're choosing not to.
               | 
               | Seems like you are describing freedom from consequences,
               | not the ability to make choices, because that's available
               | now and to the barbarian. I'm not sure which society has
               | no consequences.
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | >You can still do that in any society. Even though it's
               | illegal, you can run a red light or cheat on your taxes
               | 
               | By that logic, there is no such thing as restriction of
               | freedom, as it assumes even someone's ability to jail you
               | does not restrict your freedom in any way. People in jail
               | are free as a corollary. How is this not absurd? It only
               | makes sense if you hate freedom and want to argue against
               | it to people low on rhetoric.
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | Apparently you haven't read anything by Jean-Paul Sartre.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | One can read and disagree (that's what makes reading
               | philosophy hard; you want to argue, discuss, counter the
               | narrative, take it into another direction, deny the
               | assumption, put forward another hypothesis or
               | explanation... but the book just sits there, static and
               | smug, plowing ahead with whatever very specific point and
               | perspective auther has already made up _their_ mind on :)
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | It's the authors we disagree with we should read the most
               | enthusiastically, because they may just provide an
               | insight into what it is to have different opinions, and
               | we may just be forced to admit they have a point.
               | 
               | When we read authors too close to home that say things we
               | already think are true and share our views, we'll let
               | almost any nonsense argument slip by. That's a waste of
               | time if I ever saw one.
        
               | long_time_gone wrote:
               | > but the book just sits there, static and smug, plowing
               | ahead with whatever very specific point and perspective
               | auther has already made up their mind on
               | 
               | Maybe it's you who has already made up their mind?
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | I'm arguing against the particular definition of freedom
               | given, not against freedom itself.
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | Freedom is indeed the ability to make your own choices,
               | but you must not understand it in a strictly technical
               | context, more like a social/legal one. It simply isn't
               | viable to physically prevent every action society
               | considers you not free to take, so the restriction of
               | freedom comes in the form of later punishment, it doesn't
               | magically stop being restriction of freedom just because
               | technical possibility is still there.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Ok, let's agree that the proposition we are discussing is
               | this:
               | 
               | * Freedom is the limitation of choice.
               | 
               | My counter-argument is this:
               | 
               | Limitations on choice through potential consequences are
               | ultimately self-imposed. To have any effect, they require
               | me to refuse to consider the possibility of the
               | alternative. To the extent they limit my action, it is
               | through my choice, possibly implicit, to let them limit
               | my actions. The option of making the choice never goes
               | away no matter how grievous the potential consequence.
               | 
               | Since this is in a discussion around a post by Snowden,
               | we can take him as an example. He did something that,
               | according to this theory of freedom, is impossible. He
               | wasn't free to do it, his choice was limited by potential
               | punishment. Yet he did, the possibility of making the
               | supposedly impossible choice was still there.
               | 
               | Consider a hypothetical man who has lived isolated
               | indoors all life playing video games, never gone to
               | school, never watched TV, nobody told him about any
               | consequences. One day at the age of 25 he finally
               | discovers a door to the outside and goes through and
               | thinks "oh man, this is like GTA!" and goes around
               | punching the elderly, stealing things, breaking all
               | manner of laws as he has been taught is how you get
               | points. Eventually the strange man is caught and sent to
               | prison, but until that point, was he more free than we
               | are? He was subject to the same laws and social
               | consequences as we are, but they weren't able to limit
               | his choices because of his ignorance. Clearly it can't be
               | the laws themselves that limit choices if this is the
               | case.
               | 
               | It appears to me there is something strange about the
               | given definition of freedom. It lends itself to producing
               | paradoxes, where people who aren't free are capable of
               | being simultaneously free, and the same sources of
               | limitation successfully limit some people but not others
               | based on what attitude they have toward them. This type
               | of contradiction usually means a definition is
               | incomplete.
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | >* Freedom is the limitation of choice
               | 
               | Assuming you meant the literal opposite, I can agree
               | there's a bit of nuance but it's true in the "spirit of
               | the law" sense. I really don't understand why you're
               | still trying to take it so literally.
               | 
               | >This type of contradiction usually means a definition is
               | incomplete
               | 
               | Words aren't perfect nor immutable, no definition is
               | complete, but it's relatively easy to see what it's
               | trying to say. It does not follow an absolute implication
               | that punishment is not a restriction of freedom. There
               | are less ambiguous definitions but this one is acceptable
               | and beautifully simple.
               | 
               | If it were code it'd be a single-liner that works for
               | 99.9% of users. But the "best" implementation works for
               | 99.91%, is slow, 200 lines, no one understands and
               | inexplicably broke for someone.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | If we are to investigate whether freedom is desirable,
               | don't we owe it to ourselves to find out what freedom is
               | first, find out if we are free, if we even can be free?
               | Otherwise we can debate in circles about different
               | meanings of the word and ultimately get nowhere.
               | 
               | I don't think the poetic appeal of the definition is
               | useful if the definition itself lends itself to
               | contradictions.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure everyone understands what you are saying,
               | but I don't think you've demonstrated that you understand
               | what you are arguing against. Just an observation.
        
               | vageli wrote:
               | And if you are arrested after making one of these illegal
               | choices, are you still free?
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | If you plunge a sword into your chest, you also can't
               | make choices later on. Does that mean it's impossible to
               | choose to plunge a sword into your chest?
        
               | TecoAndJix wrote:
               | You are free to make a choice even when the end result is
               | restricting future freedom (sword=death, illegal
               | action=prison/death). So you can in any moment "be
               | totally free" in virtually any society as long as
               | concerns for freedom in future moments are irrelevant to
               | you
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Yes, this is indeed my point.
        
               | vageli wrote:
               | > So you can in any moment "be totally free" in virtually
               | any society as long as concerns for freedom in future
               | moments are irrelevant to you
               | 
               | Okay so I am in prison. Am I still totally free in that
               | moment?
        
               | TecoAndJix wrote:
               | Great point. Max available freedom has constraints based
               | on your current situation. I'm not in prison but i don't
               | have the freedom to walk on the moon
        
               | Chris2048 wrote:
               | I'm note sure "freedom" is the same thing as "possible".
               | If it where, only physicists would concerns themselves
               | with its definition.
               | 
               | I think it more often means "permissible" or "practical".
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Did you not like the question so you avoided it by asking
               | one of your own instead, or is something I'm not familiar
               | with going on?
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | An action has an undesirable consequence, does this mean
               | it is impossible to perform?
               | 
               | The question isn't whether we are free under all
               | circumstances, but whether we are free now.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | I agree that lack of freedom always exists simultaneously
               | at some level, but at the specific level posed in the
               | question are you free?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | What did you smoke, my friend? I really like your search
               | engine, don't destroy it's image for me. Freedom is not
               | strictly equal to technical possibility, it's not even
               | the same word.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Aww come on, I don't want you to agree with me, I want us
               | to have an interesting discussion about what freedom is
               | and ultimately why we want it. It's worth while, trust
               | me.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | I've proposed a definition here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29267283
               | 
               | Would appreciate your thoughts
        
             | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
             | Unsettled barbarians, e.g. hunter gatherers, are remarkably
             | free and unhierarchical. It's only when you get to a stage
             | of development where hoarding of wealth is actually
             | possible that freedom is subordinated to rulers.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | It certainly would be possible in anarcho-capitalist society.
           | In fact, US in the 19th century was much closer to laissez-
           | faire ideals than today and went through a surge of private
           | road and water channel construction (I could also mention
           | railroads here, but if I'm not mistaken, they relied on
           | government intervention to get the land). I don't see any
           | reason why it wouldn't work for air travel just as well.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > In fact, US in the 19th century was much closer to
             | laissez-faire ideals than today and went through a surge of
             | private road and water channel construction (I could also
             | mention railroads here, but if I'm not mistaken, they
             | relied on government intervention to get the land).
             | 
             | A lot of canals and turnpikes were also built by the
             | government--the Erie Canal and the National Road being
             | preeminent examples. Contemporary railroads, such as the
             | Baltimore & Ohio Railroad were usually private. Land grants
             | for railroads were largely limited to the western railroads
             | and for a surprisingly short period of time--only about
             | 1850-1871 were major land grants being used for railroads.
             | 
             | Overall, railroads got roughly the same amount of
             | government support as did canals and roads, maybe even
             | somewhat less. Although this should generally be understood
             | as all infrastructure more or less requiring generous
             | amounts of government support.
        
           | not1ofU wrote:
           | One thing that struck me after reading Nikola Tesla's
           | Biography, was how much that guy traveled. He lived between
           | 1865 - 1943.
        
           | slx26 wrote:
           | These are all very interesting thoughts, including the
           | comment you are responding too. I just want to make the
           | situation even more tricky and point out that freedom is not
           | only about the amount of choices you have available, so
           | giving something away to get more choices is not always
           | positive. There's a bound on complexity, and it turns out
           | that freedom requires "space" to decide, not only
           | "availability" of choices. Rules and restrictions, even if
           | implicit (unspoken rules, cultural expectations, etc.), do
           | reduce our freedom by reducing our space to decide,
           | pressuring us in some ways.
           | 
           | EDIT: in any case, beyond a fairly low minimum, freedom is
           | usually not so much about raw number of choices as it is
           | about relative number of choices, comparing what options
           | _others_ have access to and what options do _we_ have access
           | to. So I think we should focus and work more towards
           | "healthy freedom ranges" and freedom equality and coverage
           | (not leaving some people out) than pretending that any single
           | change increases or reduces our freedom in a dramatic fixed
           | amount. To me, the freedom scale is clearly not linear. (Now
           | I'm not even so sure "freedom" is the right word to focus on.
           | It's more about "unobstructed human potential" than about
           | "possibilities" to me.)
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | It's a non-static, non-homogenous, equilibrium. It changes
           | with technology, environment, and culture.
           | 
           | As surveillance gets easier, we need to choose having crime
           | for the sake of privacy. As the manufacture of dangerous
           | materials and weapons gets easier, we need to choose between
           | living in a more dangerous world, or slowing human progress.
           | 
           | Not every culture has the same risk tolerance. Not every time
           | period has the same risks.
        
             | Ialdaboth wrote:
             | You can have both surveillance and crime, they are not
             | mutually exclusive.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | That would be one of the equilibriums I'm attempting to
               | reference.
        
           | testing192847 wrote:
           | yes
        
             | testing192847 wrote:
             | yes yes
        
           | woile wrote:
           | I'd argue that hunter gatherers had all of the units of
           | freedoms, and when full centralization happened (monarchies)
           | we lost all those units. Democracy gave you back some units
           | by decentralizing power (not fully).
           | 
           | I'm not saying decentralizing more is gonna give you more
           | freedom, more like a different take. I think your point is
           | still valid, there has to be an equilibrium and I just don't
           | know where it lays.
        
             | ewzimm wrote:
             | I think you would enjoy the recently published book, "The
             | Dawn of Everything" by David Graeber and David Wengrow. A
             | point made early in the book is that Native American
             | criticisms of European society, particularly its lack of
             | freedom and mutual aid, led to the development of defensive
             | European theories of civilizational development that
             | proposed that the loss of freedom was the inevitable result
             | of the movement from hunter-gatherer societies toward
             | agriculture and monarchies. Democratic revolutions around
             | the world have changed cultural attitudes about freedom to
             | be much more like Native American ideas, but many people
             | still operate in the framework of civilizational
             | development that had more to do with justifying power than
             | accurately modeling historical events.
             | 
             | The idea that we would have to revert to independent bands
             | of hunter-gatherers to achieve freedom acts as a mental
             | block. This is not to say that this movement away from
             | freedom is completely ahistorical but that cultural
             | attitudes about power have been much more dynamic,
             | flexible, and even seasonal than the kind of linear
             | movement toward inevitable constraints that might fit into
             | the theory. By examining the many different types of
             | arrengements people have instituted, we might learn new
             | ways of organizing ourselves. There are plenty of
             | opportunities to do so in the world today.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | What does "Native American" mean in your post? Are you
               | referring to early interactions between the colonizers
               | and the inhabitants of North America, or present-day
               | Native Americans that have lived in Europe?
        
               | ewzimm wrote:
               | I'm referring to a series of cultural criticisms that
               | began around the 16th century and have continued into the
               | present day. Some were by people who only encountered
               | Europeans in America. Others traveled to Europe to debate
               | and discuss policy and culture with people there as well.
               | One individual that the book focuses on is Kandiaronk, a
               | 17th century Wendat intellectual who debated the French
               | governor in Montreal and whose arguments were popularized
               | by the French soldier Lahonton.
        
         | bko wrote:
         | > Freedom exists only as an equilibrium between your freedom
         | and that of others, between paralyzing order and utter chaos
         | 
         | What does this mean? As in your freedom to swing your fists
         | ends at the tip of my nose? Or something else?
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | It's a common refrain here to setup a weird dichotomy between
           | freedom and some other X. It's a thought anti pattern - a
           | rootless piece of social knowledge that people were told at
           | some point that never went examined. There are so many cases
           | of freedom AND X, that it's easy to disprove.
        
         | csee wrote:
         | Some freedoms are trade-offs with other people's freedoms, e.g.
         | freedom of movement vs freedom to not get covid. That's where
         | your perspective fits. But other freedoms are more win-win or
         | win-neutral situations and don't require trade-offs. But I
         | agree that the ratio between the former and the latter tends to
         | increase as society becomes more developed and free.
         | 
         | There's also an important difference between negative and
         | positive rights/freedoms.
         | 
         | I notice that this discussion nests inside moral philosophy. We
         | need to grapple with the tools and constructs in that
         | discipline when thinking about freedom.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | > But I agree that the ratio between the former and the
           | latter tends to increase as society becomes more developed
           | and free.
           | 
           | I think it's more to do with how interconnected we all are
           | now. A few centuries ago the ripple effects of your decision
           | might impact a hundred people. Now it might reach thousands.
           | Or more.
        
         | testing192847 wrote:
         | yeah
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Freedom exists only as an equilibrium between your freedom
         | and that of others
         | 
         | What are you talking about? Snowden is talking about the
         | Freedom of the mind.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | I am glad that they posted this with the subtitle instead of the
       | original title "Cultural Revolutions" which was posted a couple
       | of days ago and sadly got no traction.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29247018
       | 
       | The way Edward Snowden weaves Ai Wei-Wei's account of his journey
       | through the Cultural Revolution (1000 Years of Joys and Sorrows -
       | https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/246165/1000-years-o...)
       | and his own is great:
       | 
       | From the time I began studying China's quest to intermediate the
       | information space of its domestic internet, as part of my
       | classified work at the NSA, I'd experience an unpleasant spinal
       | tingle whenever I came across a new report indicating that the
       | United States government, was, piece by piece, building out a
       | similar technological and political infrastructure, using similar
       | the justifications of countering terrorism, misinformation,
       | sedition, and subjective "social harms." I don't want to be
       | misunderstood as saying "East" and "West" were, or are, the same;
       | rather, it is my belief that market forces, democratic decline,
       | and a toxic obsession with "national security"--a euphemism for
       | state supremacy--are drawing the US and China to meet in the
       | middle: a common extreme. A consensus-challenging internet is
       | perceived by both governments as a threat to central authority,
       | and the pervasive surveillance and speech restrictions they've
       | begun to mutually embrace will produce an authoritarian center of
       | gravity that over time will compress every aspect of individual
       | and national political differences until little distance remains.
        
       | pron wrote:
       | > Under the influence of politically correct extremism,
       | individual thought and expression are too often curbed
       | 
       | Uh-huh. I can only assume this refers to the so-called "cancel-
       | culture" which probably doesn't exist (I am not claiming that
       | there aren't "cancellation" incidents, but for this to exist as a
       | "culture" or a trend, it needs to be shown that fewer people
       | today can express and publicly disseminate fewer opinions than in
       | the past; this is probably the very opposite of reality).
       | 
       | Freedom is almost self-contradictory. A person living alone in
       | the world can be free, but two cannot. Either they have the
       | freedom to curtail the other's freedom, or they do not. Either
       | way, someone here is not fully free. So whenever people speak of
       | more freedom, the question is, more freedom for whom and at the
       | expense of whom. Like anything political, freedom is a resource
       | that needs to be allocated among people, and there are valid
       | debates over how. But within reasonable circumstances, there is
       | no one direction toward freedom, but many directions, each giving
       | more freedom to some and less to others.
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > A person living alone in the world can be free, but two
         | cannot.
         | 
         | This seems to say that the opposite of freedom is impact. That
         | is, freedom is lost when one person impacts another. I feel
         | restraint is a more effective antonym.
        
         | memelordxx wrote:
         | > A person living alone in the world can be free, but two
         | cannot. Either they have the freedom to curtail the other's
         | freedom, or they do not.
         | 
         | I mean, even a person living alone in the world would lack the
         | "freedom to curtail another's freedom" in that sense.
         | Furthermore, he would still be bound to the laws of physics,
         | for example, and would never achieve your definition of
         | freedom. I think the freedom the author is discussing is
         | something deeper than "capability to do x", more like the
         | specific liberty of being heterogenous to the culture you live
         | in (hence his lionizing of tolerance).
         | 
         | I think you're absolutely right that there is a scarcity of
         | this freedom that is precipitated by a scarcity of resources,
         | as in your example. I think history has proven that it's not a
         | zero-sum game, however, and that certain cultures have managed
         | to produce a higher degree of this "freedom" than others. A
         | culture that values and protects open scientific inquiry, for
         | example, would perhaps discover advancements that reduced the
         | aforementioned scarcity of resources which should have the
         | effect of increasing the freedom that was previously
         | diminished.
         | 
         | Perhaps why freedom should not be regarded as a goal is
         | because, as you have pointed out, it cannot be absolutely
         | attained, neither by an individual or much less a plurality of
         | them. To instead orient a culture in the _direction_ of
         | increased freedom seems more achievable and fruitful.
        
         | gz5 wrote:
         | +1
         | 
         | "with freedom comes responsibility" (Eleanor Roosevelt's
         | context was different, but the phrase is important)
        
         | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
         | That assumes that second person necessarily takes away
         | something from the first person by the nature of her existence.
         | In reality, this is not the case. Two persons can cooperate and
         | kill a mammoth together, so both now have more spare time - a
         | measure of freedom. A tribe can capture more territory - a
         | measure of freedom.
        
         | dahfizz wrote:
         | > So whenever people speak of more freedom, the question is,
         | more freedom for whom and at the expense of whom.
         | 
         | This only applies at the very boundary of freedom. I would
         | argue we are not frequently at that boundary - often freedom is
         | curtailed for reasons other than preserving the freedom of
         | others.
         | 
         | A silly example: Suppose the government outlawed wearing red
         | shirts. Regaining that freedom would not impede the freedom of
         | others in any way.
         | 
         | A real life example: It is illegal for me to buy raw milk from
         | my local farmer. Allowing two consenting adults to make a
         | transaction would not affect anyone else's freedom.
         | 
         | You can view laws on a spectrum from "strictly exists to
         | protect other's freedoms" on the left to "strictly exists to
         | curtail individual freedom" on the right. I would argue that
         | making raw milk illegal is a law on the far right side of that
         | spectrum. It is up for debate where current political issues
         | fall on that spectrum. Gun control advocates say that the
         | existence of easy access to guns restricts their freedoms, and
         | so put gun control laws on the left side of the spectrum. Gun
         | rights advocates disagree, and put gun control on the right
         | side of the spectrum.
         | 
         | Regardless, nobody would argue that all current laws are at the
         | far left. If we wanted to maximize freedom as a society, we
         | have some easy gains before we have to start worrying balancing
         | the conflicting freedoms of others. The problem is that most
         | people don't want to maximize freedom - they want just enough
         | freedom to do what they want to do, but enough regulation to
         | stop others from doing things they don't like.
        
           | hairofadog wrote:
           | To nitpick your framing a little bit, while it may illegal to
           | _sell_ raw milk, I doubt it 's illegal to _buy_ it, which is
           | a distinction that has to do with scale (one could sell raw
           | milk at scale, but not consume it at scale).
           | 
           | I haven't researched raw milk and I have no idea how
           | dangerous or safe it may be, but the motivation is to prevent
           | sale of [dangerous thing] to people who may not be aware of
           | the dangers of [dangerous thing]. To use another silly
           | example, let's say there's an entrepreneur who sells a toxic
           | mixture of chemicals as a "health drink"; you could argue
           | about whether that should be legal or illegal, but I don't
           | think anyone would say it's a no-brainer that a law
           | prohibiting the sale of that health drink exists on the
           | right, strictly-exists-to-curtail-individual-freedom side of
           | of your spectrum.
           | 
           | To your point, I can think of a few laws that do belong on
           | the right, _" I just don't like it so it should be banned"_
           | side of that spectrum, and things that come primarily to mind
           | are puritanical laws banning transactional sex, consumption
           | of certain media, prohibition of selling alcohol on Sundays
           | (which is a religious, not health, concern), decency laws;
           | things like that. I don't think FDA regulations belong in
           | this category.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | > but I don't think anyone would say it's a no-brainer that
             | a law prohibiting the sale of that health drink exists on
             | the right, strictly-exists-to-curtail-individual-freedom
             | side of of your spectrum.
             | 
             | If I understand your double negative correctly, then I am
             | nobody. A law like that does strictly restrict freedom - it
             | makes it illegal to do something which does does not itself
             | restrict other's freedoms. It trades freedom for safety,
             | instead of balancing the freedoms of different individuals.
             | 
             | Whether such a law is good or bad is besides the point -
             | such a law would strictly reduce freedom.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | I think many people use the word freedom when they mean safety.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | I like this point. To others, the statement is not a definition
       | of freedom, but a guide on how to make decisions. If you think of
       | freedom as a point, that needs to be achieved, defended, or
       | maintained, you'll act in opposition to other forces, and choose
       | angles to defend around the past basis. If instead, freedom is a
       | vector, your goal is positive, to expand it, to open new
       | freedoms, and to ensure that as society moves forward freedom
       | continues to grow and be maintained with it.
        
         | 0134340 wrote:
         | That statement's pretty vague without defining "freedom". And
         | if you go on that journey, you'll find out it'll be a long one
         | that never ends. For instance, for whom do you define freedom?
         | Freedom to do what? Freedom from what?
         | 
         | >society moves forward freedom continues to grow
         | 
         | That's a big claim to say we have more freedoms now. We're
         | encumbered by far more laws now than almost any time in history
         | and watched by more authorities than anyone in history who have
         | access to far more systems to know who you are, when you are,
         | etc. Those same authorities also have more power than ever to
         | execute those powers for "justice" and more power than ever to
         | catch you. But hey, at least you have material freedoms, now
         | you can choose Coke or Pepsi and forget about the other
         | freedoms closing in around you.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Excellent article. For years I've suspected that when American
       | 'leaders' look at the kind of power the Chinese government (or
       | the Saudi government) has over its people, their main emotion is
       | not revulsion but rather envy, and this seems rather bipartisan
       | in nature, and is a sentiment found not just in the political
       | sphere but also the corporate sphere.
       | 
       | It's the complete intertwinement of the corporate and political
       | spheres that leads to totalitarian regimes who view their own
       | people as the greatest threat to their continued grasp on power
       | and so institute highly repressive mass surveillance system, mass
       | incarceration of dissidents and so on.
       | 
       | However, there's another aspect to this, in which 'freedom' is
       | not just legal in nature, but economic and physical as well. What
       | does it mean to be 'free' in a company town where the only
       | employers are Amazon and Walmart? What does it mean to be 'free'
       | when energy sources you need for survival are controlled by
       | someone else? The Chinese model seems to be 'we will ensure you
       | have access to food and water and energy and in exchange your
       | total loyalty to the state is required'.
       | 
       | The American model I'm afraid is becoming 'we will ensure you
       | have access to food and water and energy and in exchange your
       | total loyalty to your corporate employer is required.'
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | > The Chinese model seems to be 'we will ensure you have access
         | to food and water and energy and in exchange your total loyalty
         | to the state is required'
         | 
         | Judging based on the most recent incidence of mass starvation,
         | which model do you think worked better?
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | I'm not sure if that is relevant to this particular issue,
           | but the history is fascinating. Not everyone gets excited
           | about fertilizer chemistry but when Nixon went to China and
           | opened up trade, the very first major industrial projects
           | were the construction of massive ammonia fertilizer plants
           | across China, built with American technology (*well German
           | technology from the 1900's more accurately, just updated).
           | This ended the famine cycle in China [1]:
           | 
           | > The removal of the limits to agricultural growth and
           | China's industrialization came in the immediate aftermath of
           | US President Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China. The first
           | commercial deal signed immediately after the visit was
           | China's order for thirteen of the world's largest synthetic
           | ammonia complexes for producing nitrogen-based chemical
           | fertilizer. China purchased additional plants in the 1970s,
           | developed its own capacity to build chemical fertilizer
           | plants in the 1980s, became more or less self-sufficient in
           | the 1990s, and began exporting chemical fertilizer by the
           | turn of the new millennium.
           | 
           | [1] https://chinadialogue.net/en/food/9279-modern-china-s-
           | agricu...
           | 
           | Now is a rigidly authoritarian state necessary for this kind
           | of technological development? Err... no.
        
         | zepto wrote:
         | It's not really 'the American model' - it's the model America
         | was founded to try to avoid. The trend you identify seems to be
         | in _all_ political systems.
         | 
         | The fact that america as a political ideal is not immune to the
         | trend does seem to be a failure.
        
           | tomerv wrote:
           | In what way is this "the model America was founded to try to
           | avoid"?
        
             | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
             | It can be argued that the separation of powers and systems
             | of checks and balances defined in the US Constitution help
             | to ensure that no single person or group holds too much
             | power over the American people:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_th
             | e...
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > American people
               | 
               | It's public knowledge that there always was been an
               | asterisk on "people" from the very beginning, and who it
               | encompasses is always shifting. A lot of dismay comes
               | from people learning that the government (any arm) of the
               | day doesn't include them in this group[1].
               | 
               | 1. "He's not hurting the people he needs to be hurting."
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | This has been true of all governments of all kinds
               | thoughout all of time.
               | 
               | Once again, it's something America can only be criticized
               | for _because the goal is for it to be something
               | different_.
               | 
               | It's fair to criticize America for not living up to its
               | ideals.
               | 
               | It's intellectually dishonest to imply that the ideals
               | don't exist.
        
               | tomerv wrote:
               | Isn't that only about separating government powers? As in
               | separating Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
               | I just don't see the connection to non-government
               | economical powers. Seems like a stretch.
        
               | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
               | >> Isn't that only about separating government powers?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | However, non-government economical powers are subject to
               | laws created by the government.
               | 
               | Anti-trust laws and anti-monopoly laws in particular were
               | created to address problems where non-government
               | economical powers become too powerful. These laws fall
               | under the Commerce Clause
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_Clause) of the US
               | Constitution.
               | 
               | The law doesn't guarantee that people will be prosperous
               | or happy, only that they will be free from an overly
               | tyrannical government.
               | 
               | If a US citizen feels that a non-government economical
               | power is too powerful, they should work with their
               | elected representatives to make laws to restrain those
               | overly powerful non-government economical powers.
        
       | dumb1224 wrote:
       | I thought the discussion will be around the culture revolution,
       | not so much as 'freedom' but I guess there are intricate links.
       | Quite unlike many other 90s kids growing up in China, I read a
       | lot of the old books and journals from that era inherited from my
       | grandfather. Novels, novelette, magazines what not. Not to
       | nitpick but I think a rightist (Ai Qing) in chinese political
       | spectrum is actually left-wing (in the sense of aligning with the
       | west, pursuing free individuality and less compliant with
       | conservative values etc). I was in Tate London where Ai's
       | exhibition was on and there was actually pretty cool footages
       | accompanying the sunflower seeds.
       | 
       | Regarding Edward's article and his connection to Ai's book, I
       | think I could understand it from memory of reading culture
       | revolution books. They are all about human nature and individual
       | struggles, very little is about actually political stances. It
       | often portraits intellectuals against village fools (mob riding
       | the revolution waves to obtain power over everyone), their
       | realisation of life and coming of age (since protagonists are
       | often from privileged background and aristocrat families who have
       | leftist values, or rather, called rightists in China). The value
       | clash between total opposite sides, tribal, village, modern,
       | metropolitan, aspiration, destination, mundane, soul crashing...
       | It resonates with ordinary people because it's picturing societal
       | and individual psychologies. This is my naive take.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | _A consensus-challenging internet is perceived by both
       | governments as a threat to central authority, and the pervasive
       | surveillance and speech restrictions they've begun to mutually
       | embrace will produce an authoritarian center of gravity that over
       | time will compress every aspect of individual and national
       | political differences until little distance remains._
       | 
       | This is why both parties are so bizarrely hostile to Section 230.
        
       | hereme888 wrote:
       | Excellent article, and beautifully written. Thanks for sharing.
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | freedom is just another word for nothing left to lose - Janis
       | Joplin
       | 
       | i didn't read the article because i'm free to not have to ;) I
       | know it's shallow but, to me, freedom is a road trip. Being able
       | to drive across the country without having to get permits or
       | passports or anything, just being able to move about is freedom
       | to me.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | Not sure I agree with the title. Freedom should be a right that
       | isn't to be taken from you, not a journey or a goal. Shame the
       | rest of the article reads like a love letter to Ai (not a
       | complaining about the artist I like his work).
       | 
       | But given the article's author, whenever he speaks or writes I'm
       | expecting more somehow...
        
       | bena wrote:
       | I believe I've gotten downvoted here for voicing a similar
       | thought.
       | 
       | Some things can't be "solved", you constantly have to do the
       | work. Democracy, relationships, tolerance, etc and I guess
       | freedom, but that's similar to democracy.
       | 
       | There's no end goal to them. You can lose them if you don't work
       | at preserving them.
        
         | ReactiveJelly wrote:
         | agreed. "The struggle for justice is an ongoing and necessary
         | pursuit that should prevail over laws and institutions."
         | 
         | its a fight against entropy, same as road repairs.
         | 
         | its not that I don't want big sweeping reforms, but I believe
         | in gradient descent. all good progress is good progress. like
         | the UK restricting conversion therapy. I want it gone, but this
         | is still an improvement.
        
       | samuelizdat wrote:
       | Freedom is the degree to which you are able to navigate the power
       | process. The power process is the ability to identify and change
       | something within a system. For example, if there is a vending
       | machine with coke and you want pepsi. Is there a process that you
       | can use to make that happen? If there is, then you have freedom.
       | This of course extends to bigger things than soda. "Sovereign is
       | he who makes the exception"
        
         | csee wrote:
         | This covers positive freedoms, but what about negative
         | freedoms? Contrast these two people:
         | 
         | - The first person lives in a prosperous and authoritarian
         | state. They have high positive freedoms (access to resources,
         | healthcare, etc, thanks to the bounties of their society) but
         | low negative freedoms (no freedom of speech/thought, low
         | freedom of movement, surveillance, etc).
         | 
         | - The second person is a survivalist nomad. They have access to
         | very little resources, but otherwise have no external authority
         | that is constraining them in a negative sense.
         | 
         | So I think there's orthogonal variables here, and each of them
         | could rightly be considered to be "freedom" as it's often
         | defined by different people.
        
           | Chris2048 wrote:
           | To what extent are those positive freedoms associated with
           | the government vs the free market?
        
             | csee wrote:
             | My opinion is that most wealth is attributable to the
             | market, but the government is necessary to the extent that
             | it sets and enforces the rules, resolves disputes, and
             | provides defence. The government does help build wealth
             | more directly (e.g funding science research) but it is not
             | the primary driver of it.
        
         | pharke wrote:
         | And if there is no system?
        
         | slx26 wrote:
         | Interesting, but it should probaby be divided by the desire /
         | expectations to navigate the power process too. Otherwise, it
         | gets too far away from the common usage of the word.
        
         | hirundo wrote:
         | I think that's a reasonable definition of freedom ... and not
         | at all what Snowden is talking about. That underscores why it's
         | so hard to discuss. The word itself is a Rorschach test.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I dunno, you're talking about what you can and cannot draw into
         | your sphere of influence. You have, in your analogy, the option
         | to refuse anyway. Probably cheaper to not use a vending machine
         | anyway.
        
         | anticodon wrote:
         | > For example, if there is a vending machine with coke and you
         | want pepsi.
         | 
         | Sometimes, I think that western people are so constrained by
         | some limits in their heads. Like "freedom" is a freedom to
         | choose Pepsi or Cola. I want neither. Or I want tea. Or the
         | drink that is traditional for my culture.
         | 
         | But most of the time I communicate with americans, for example,
         | I becoming convinced that freedom for them is more like:
         | "Everybody drinks Cola and can freely visit Disneyland".
         | 
         | They're so immersed in their heads with the notion that they're
         | in some kind God-chosen people, that they refuse the right of
         | any nation to live by their own rules.
         | 
         | It's hard to convey this thought to me, especially in English.
         | It would be too hard for americans to get it (if someone thinks
         | our american junk food, junk Cola and junk democracy isn't
         | good, they must be madmen and/or China/Russia/Iran spies!).
         | 
         | One tiny example of this. Several years ago while I was still
         | reading reddit, in /r/Cambodia there was a post from american
         | that said something like:
         | 
         | "I came to Cambodia several days ago and I'm impressed that you
         | have neutral attitude to gays. But I don't understand why you
         | don't promote LGBT everywhere. You should have LGBT parades and
         | LGBT signs everywhere!"
         | 
         | I don't remember exact words, nor am I willing to find this
         | exact post on the overloaded site of reddit. It was a shock to
         | me that he arrived just a few days ago and already suggests
         | that people that belong to a culture that is several times
         | older than his, that they should live by his own weird rules.
         | 
         | And it's only one tiny example. Everyone should have McDonalds,
         | even on Mt. Everest. Everyone must drink Coca Cola even in the
         | remote Chinese village. Everyone must have not have their own
         | opinion, but conform to the opinion of the "God-chosen nation".
        
           | ewzimm wrote:
           | These Americans you've encountered seem especially sensitive
           | to marketing. I haven't encountered anyone in the USA who
           | wasn't skeptical of these kinds of promotions of consumer
           | culture. My own definition of freedom would be the
           | traditional Buddhist idea: freedom from greed, freedom of
           | hatred, and freedom from delusion. All other freedoms are
           | only valuable if they assist in those primary freedoms.
           | 
           | The things you mention people valuing are very
           | counterproductive, and I think that most people in the USA
           | have become aware of that, even if we live in a culture
           | that's full of advertising. I think that in every country,
           | there's an accepted level of surface-level deception that's
           | tolerated publicly but privately criticized. Of course, these
           | days people often publish their private criticisms, so the
           | lines between public and private behavior are blurring.
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | This equates power to freedom, where the degree of freedom
         | correlates to the degree of power, and only the truly powerful
         | are free. If that is your thesis, then you are in agreement
         | with Snowden.
        
           | 0134340 wrote:
           | More power draws more responsibility so not necessarily. Yes,
           | you have more freedoms as in choosing what to buy but
           | material freedoms are only one branch in the many freedoms
           | one can have. So I can agree with OP in that ability of one
           | to manipulate power for freedom is a good definition of one's
           | true potential for it. One can also give away certain powers
           | or responsibilities for more freedom.
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | > A close review of Snowden's official employment records and
       | submissions reveals a pattern of intentional lying. He claimed to
       | have left Army basic training because of broken legs when in fact
       | he washed out because of shin splints. He claimed to have
       | obtained a high school degree equivalent when in fact he never
       | did. He claimed to have worked for the CIA as a "senior advisor,"
       | which was a gross exaggeration of his entry-level duties as a
       | computer technician. He also doctored his performance evaluations
       | and obtained new positions at NSA by exaggerating his resume and
       | stealing the answers to an employment test. In May 2013, Snowden
       | informed his supervisor that he would be out of the office to
       | receive treatment for worsening epilepsy. In reality, he was on
       | his way to Hong Kong with stolen secrets.
        
         | cochne wrote:
         | What does any of that matter?
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | Why should I care what a serial exaggerator and liar computer
           | technician thinks?
        
             | cochne wrote:
             | In this case he is not making factual claims. It is purely
             | a philosophical discussion. You can agree or disagree with
             | the content itself. But I don't think a person being a liar
             | or not should necessarily stop you from interacting with
             | their content. If you found out Plato or Aristotle often
             | lied in their daily life would that stop you from reading
             | their works?
             | 
             | That would be strange to me.
        
       | tomp wrote:
       | Same for _equality_ and _meritocracy_.
        
       | ttfkam wrote:
       | It continues to amaze me that folks on the US Right are in
       | perpetual outrage about cancel culture when Right-wingers are
       | basically never "cancelled." Merely temporarily inconvenienced.
       | 
       | Books are being banned in schools across the country. Janet
       | Jackson lost her career because of a Super Bowl performance.
       | Kaepernick took a knee and had elected leaders screaming for him
       | to be fired and threatening any NFL owners who even thought about
       | hiring him as a quarterback again. Muhammad Ali lost the best
       | years of his boxing career due to his political and religious
       | beliefs.
       | 
       | That's what being canceled looks like.
       | 
       | Gina Carano was "cancelled" until she got her next gig within a
       | month. Dave Chapelle was "cancelled" over transphobic comments
       | only until he made yet another Netflix standup.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | Chapelle is a "Right Winger?" Is he a "White Supremacist" too,
         | yet? "Clayton Bigsby" was a dog whistle!
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | Regarding LGBT issues, Chapelle's ideology harmonizes well
           | with the right.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | And people called RMS a pedophile too; but it wasn't true
             | either.
        
         | 0134340 wrote:
         | It used to be called boycotting but it, as a thought-stopping
         | cliche, couldn't be assigned to only one party and wouldn't be
         | as catchy so they had to make one up. Same with "political
         | correctness" or "sjw". In the US if you said the wrong things,
         | historically, that weren't politically correct, you'd be
         | ostracized or if you were of the wrong class, race or religion,
         | the social warriors at the time would want justice and seek to
         | persecute you as you upset the order of what they saw as just.
         | This has been going on all throughout history but if you assign
         | them, these actions that you don't like and of a group you
         | don't like, a new name and equate it with a certain political
         | group, you can more effectively distinguish and dehumanize the
         | other group as an out-group.
         | 
         | Personally, Horseshoe Theory makes sense. The extremes of both,
         | as Snowden was implying with China and the US, are more like
         | each other than not. Should any get their way and you're in the
         | out-group, you're on a scale of fucked. Even the "peaceful"
         | religions or ideologies are guilty of persecuting those in the
         | outgroup in sometimes very heinous ways. Incidentally, it's
         | strange, but not surprising, that he didn't mention Russia, his
         | own host, where censorship is even worse than the US.
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | "cancellation" is just social ostracisation. Both sides do it,
         | it's a pretty universal human behaviour.
        
         | missinfo wrote:
         | "We tried to ruin you but we failed so we didn't really try to
         | ruin you"
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | So... is Snowden on the right or left? Think carefully before
         | you answer.
         | 
         | If he's on the left, why are you responding negatively to his
         | concern for cancel culture by attacking the right? If he's on
         | the right, then perhaps there is more cancelling on the right
         | than you want to admit?
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > So... is Snowden on the right or left?
           | 
           | Why is it so important that he identified by one of those?
        
             | debacle wrote:
             | It isn't to you or me, but some people only have two boxes
             | to put people in.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | It's only important in the context of somebody responding
             | to his writing by claiming the right have no right to be
             | concerned about cancel culture.
        
       | sharemywin wrote:
       | After reading that I think he just said buy bitcoin.
        
       | foxhop wrote:
       | Freedom is a tricky word for people to grok.
       | 
       | This is because people look at it from the FREEDOM TO perspective
       | rather than the more valid FREEDOM FROM perspective.
        
       | yosito wrote:
       | The phrase that stands out to me in this is "the riot of human
       | diversity". It's a great phrase. Probably worthy of a book or
       | even a manifesto.
       | 
       | I'm a multicultural person. Dual US/EU citizen. I've spent years
       | living in each of the US, South America, the Caribbean and
       | Europe.
       | 
       | Since the mid-2010s, I've been acutely aware of different
       | societal pressures to conform, and I've been "cancelled" by
       | various groups of aquaintences over having opinions or failing to
       | have opinions that the group demanded. Thankfully, I've got a few
       | loyal friends, and a strong sense of self that have allowed me to
       | recover and thrive.
       | 
       | Through it all, one thing I've learned very well is that people
       | in the world have very diverse views and opinions. It's a
       | beautiful thing, and I will never make someone my enemy over
       | their views. I have one moral standard to which I hold myself and
       | others: do no harm. Beyond that, there is room for tolerance and
       | disagreement.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | disagree with this and the language of "riot" of diversity is
         | very telling.
         | 
         | It's a sort of purely individual definition of freedom in which
         | a free society is one of permanent dissent. Dissent not as a
         | tool to come to consensus but as a way of life and it is
         | fundamentally anti-governmental, it sounds nice but does not
         | work. If everyone assumed this position, the end result is
         | permanent dysfunction.
         | 
         | I can't remember who said it might have been Zizek but he
         | proposed that the proper understanding of democratic freedom is
         | something akin to: "Say your opinion, say it freely, come to a
         | consensus, but then shut up and obey.". That is to say, in any
         | group that wants to function, diversity or dissent is not a
         | permanent state of affairs, at some point when one needs to act
         | options need to be closed off. Abstract freedom is always
         | embedded within social order. You can only freely walk the
         | street because you rely on the fact that everyone else conforms
         | to the rules of traffic.
         | 
         | "Do no harm" sounds nice but it's not sufficient, it may even
         | be wrong because harm cannot be entirely avoided. You cannot
         | navigate the world and act in the world as a group without
         | actively making concrete choices, sometimes to the detriment of
         | individuals. People like Snowden or Ai Weiwei celebrate
         | resistance because permanent resistance _is their job_.
         | Rebelling is their profession. It 's very sympathetic on the
         | surface but it does not address how people ought to organize
         | society.
        
         | lodi wrote:
         | > I have one moral standard to which I hold myself and others:
         | do no harm.
         | 
         | Right, but who determines what's "harmful"? Is it more harmful
         | to punish a child or to not punish him? Is a cartoon of Jesus
         | harmful? Muhammad? Are "micro-agressions" actually traumatic?
         | 
         | Furthermore, what does it mean to "do" something? Is "meat-
         | eating" a default state, or are you actively "doing" harm every
         | day you continue to not be a vegan? Are you "doing" harm if you
         | purchase some sneakers without knowing whether they were
         | produced in a polluting or exploitative manner?
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | I'm personally not a moral relativist; I think there are better
         | and worse answers to most of the issues above. But I've just
         | found that short commandments like "do no evil" or "do unto
         | others as you would have them do unto you" don't really offer
         | any real guidance when tested against challenging real-world
         | ethical problems.
        
           | yosito wrote:
           | > Right, but who determines what's "harmful"?
           | 
           | Well, it's certainly not determined by some objective
           | standard, or a god. Every culture, and even every individual
           | has different moral views. When I say "do no harm" that's a
           | relative statement, relative to the context and parties
           | involved. What's morally apporiate changes depending on the
           | moral contract between parties. I can call my drinking buddy
           | a "fucking idiot" for making a mistake, and there's no harm
           | done. But if I call my grandmother a "fucking idiot", it
           | would harm her a great deal. What's harmful in one context
           | may be fine in another. Morality is like an instinct that
           | humans have evolved to allow us to detect when something may
           | be considered harmful to ourselves, our partners, our
           | community and our planet. It's not always an infallible
           | sense, but it's often pretty good and useful to pay attention
           | to.
           | 
           | Back to your question: who determines what's harmful? Our
           | innate sense of morality has evolved to show us what's
           | harmful and what's not. The more each of us focuses on
           | listening to and improving our own sense of morality and
           | harm, the better we'll be at making decisions that avoid harm
           | as a society and as a species. Ultimately, I'm a humanist,
           | and one of my favorite quotes about morality is GK
           | Chesterton's response when asked to write an article
           | answering the question, "What's wrong with the world?". His
           | response, "Dear sir, I am."
           | 
           | One reason I don't concern myself too much with the morality
           | of others, is that the only person's morality I am
           | responsible for determining is my own.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Indeed, it seems the first struggle should be to develop
             | the ability to do the things we think are correct before
             | even considering that the most correct thing is.
             | 
             | If you sit around developing elaborate ethical systems as
             | to how to act in every situation, but fail to _live_ that
             | system, then it 's ultimately a pointless waste of time.
             | It's better to a decent guy all the time than a
             | hypothetical saint acting like a practical asshole.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > Our innate sense of morality has evolved to show us
             | what's harmful and what's not.
             | 
             | Who is this "our" and "us" you're referring to if everyone
             | has a different sense of morally? Are you talking about the
             | evolution of a "culture" or of "every individual." If these
             | are all different, why would their "evolutions" have the
             | same goal?
             | 
             | This all seems very empty. What's the difference between
             | what you've said here and "all people have different moral
             | frameworks, and they all follow those" (which I don't think
             | is possible to dispute)?
        
               | yosito wrote:
               | Our/us refers to humanity. I'm a humanist. Though I
               | suppose other species also have evolved a moral sense.
        
               | kashyapc wrote:
               | Richard Dawkins once used the word " _humane_ -ist" (and
               | _humane_ -ism) to be considerate of other species. Though
               | I like the idea, the word feels a bit "stretched"; I
               | don't know why. (Maybe it's the humanist in me that's
               | speaking :-))
        
         | hunterb123 wrote:
         | Never change! Diverse thought is much more important than
         | "diversity" itself. These days it seems there is tolerance for
         | the superficial diversity, but no tolerance for diverse
         | thought. If you have a controversial thought you will be
         | persecuted by the group until you conform. Also it seems if you
         | are part of a certain diversity sometimes you are pressured to
         | have a certain thought even harder than another person.
         | 
         | Try to have a debate with them first, if you are met with
         | hostility they aren't your friends, they don't know how to
         | convey their supposed thoughts or even control their emotions.
         | Politely tell them to fuck off and find a better group of more
         | accepting people.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Great comment, and tolerance and disagreement is to be
         | encouraged.
         | 
         | Where I find a lot of serious conflict and resentment is when
         | it comes to expanding on 'do no harm'. For example, I'm in
         | favor of democratizing corporations, on the German model
         | perhaps, and I view investment capitalism as a decrepit dead-
         | end system, and the financialization of the economy as an
         | unmitigated disaster.
         | 
         | Now, a lot of people I've talked to view these views as
         | 'harmful' indeed. Investment capitalism, they believe, is the
         | greatest engine of economic and social development in human
         | history and any attempt to role it back would destroy the
         | economy and bring mass ruin, poverty, desperation, North Korean
         | dystopia etc.
         | 
         | I usually respond by saying, well, the employees of a
         | corporation should have just as much power over major corporate
         | decisions as the shareholders in the corporation, and capital
         | flows should not be entirely controlled by a few billionaires
         | and their pet political puppets. If the general public believes
         | capital should go to say, renewable energy corporations rather
         | than fossil fuel corporations, there should be a democratic
         | process, well, why not?
         | 
         | So, we then need people to explicitly describe their own
         | personal views on what 'do no harm' means before we can have a
         | discussion in which participants do not view each other as
         | threats to their own survival...
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | > For example, I'm in favor of democratizing corporations, on
           | the German model perhaps, and I view investment capitalism as
           | a decrepit dead-end system, and the financialization of the
           | economy as an unmitigated disaster.
           | 
           | I disagree with you on every single point, but I would still
           | support your right to believe these things and not consider
           | it "harm".
           | 
           | Where we might run into problems lies in how you decide to go
           | about implementing your proposed solution. To me the standard
           | political approach of imposing rules backed up by fines,
           | prison sentences, and capital punishment (beyond the usual
           | proportional, reciprocal responses to others' actions) _is_
           | harm in and of itself regardless of the intended outcome or
           | "democratic process" and this point is non-negotiable. But if
           | you want to collect together a group of like-minded
           | individuals and create a society to your liking through
           | entirely voluntary arrangements, be my guest.
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | >I have one moral standard to which I hold myself and others:
         | do no harm.
         | 
         | How do you define "harm"? What if one's view(s) prompt them to
         | vote in favor of things (or support policies - take your pick)
         | that bring harm to others?
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Maybe exercise some humility instead of jumping to the
           | conclusion that you are right and they are wrong? I'd take
           | the opportunity to seek to understand how someone living in
           | the same world as you, with access to the same facts, and the
           | same mental faculties, how such a person has come to a
           | different conclusion about what does harm.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > and I've been "cancelled" by various groups of aquaintences
         | over having opinions or failing to have opinions that the group
         | demanded.
         | 
         | Lost a job? Lost housing? Lost income? Were you "cancelled" or
         | did various groups of acquaintances simply decide they didn't
         | enjoy your company and that feeling led to a gradual (or maybe
         | not so gradual) falling away of contact and interaction?
         | 
         | I'm not for one moment suggesting that you should have
         | different opinions. But in general people have both:
         | 1. opinions        2. preferences on how and when opinions are
         | expressed        3. preferences for the company of people who
         | don't violate (2)
         | 
         | If you and your various (past) groups of acquaintances really
         | didn't agree on (1), then it's maybe entirely natural that over
         | time, you'd no longer be a part of those groups. And if you
         | disagreed about (2), then it's more than just natural, it's
         | inevitable.
         | 
         | I have friends with whom I do not agree on a number of things,
         | but they tend to be things that we don't need to talk about
         | much, if ever. If either of us ever pushed their point in these
         | domains, I suspect we would fairly quickly cease to be friends.
         | 
         | I have some other friends (and even a few family members) where
         | we don't agree, but we do agree about _how_ to disagree, how to
         | debate, how to argue, what kinds of evidential levels for our
         | opinions are required if we are going to disagree, and how we
         | will end discussion. In these cases, (1) is not shared but (2)
         | is, and so these are people whose company I can still actively
         | enjoy.
         | 
         | I don't want to hang out much with people who see the world
         | very differently from me, and more importantly, people whose
         | timing and methods of expressing their opinions are quite
         | different than what I find appropriate. If I'm not friends with
         | these people, I haven't "cancelled" them, we've just followed
         | an entirely natural path towards finding groups of people we
         | can enjoy being with.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | Some people's idea of free speech is really about their
           | freedom to punch down, and they suddenly become very anti-
           | free speech when criticized. Then they double down, and
           | people set boundaries, and they complain about those
           | boundaries...
           | 
           | Much of the noise about cancel culture looks a lot like
           | DARVO.
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | There was a great line in last Sunday's Curb Your
             | Enthusiasm where Larry David (half) jokes about free
             | speech, saying something like "I don't know about free
             | speech. Well, _I_ should have it. The constitution should
             | have said free speech for Larry David, everyone else, check
             | with him first. "
             | 
             | Larry is effectively holding up a mirror to the type of
             | people you describe, and yeah what you say is true about
             | people who complain about cancel culture, too. I try to
             | engage anyone worried about losing a job due to something
             | like that. I'll ask, why don't you organize with your co-
             | workers and collectively bargain for labor protections, or
             | consider voting in politicians who are for stronger labor
             | laws, and all of a sudden they remember that their
             | corporatist leanings are stronger than any feelings they
             | may have about the "cancel culture" boogeyman.
             | 
             | It's plain to see that too much of the discourse about free
             | speech or cancel culture doesn't come from a place of good
             | faith...
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > I'll ask, why don't you organize with your co-workers
               | and collectively bargain for labor protections, or
               | consider voting in politicians who are for stronger labor
               | laws, and all of a sudden they remember that their
               | corporatist leanings are stronger than any feelings they
               | may have about the "cancel culture" boogeyman.
               | 
               | It is possible to disagree with your proposed solutions
               | _as well as_ cancel culture. The problem with cancel
               | culture is not in the fact that people are free to
               | (dis)associate with others as they choose, so your
               | suggestions to _force_ association do nothing to fix the
               | core issue. You may be allowed to keep your job, under
               | duress, but you 've still been "cancelled". The problem
               | is that some people resort to disassociation rather than
               | practicing tolerance; this is a subtle social problem and
               | requires a more nuanced solution.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I have to confess that I don't understand your comment in
               | any way.
               | 
               | If labor laws or a labor contract prevent you from losing
               | your job for tweeting "COVID19 is no worse than having
               | your left foot amputated", then when you do in fact tweet
               | this, and do not lose your job, surely you have neither
               | lost your job, nor been "cancelled".
               | 
               | Maybe I just don't understand what you mean.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | Being "cancelled" is about people's attitude toward you,
               | not whether you remain employed. People will still know
               | what you said, and still not want anything to do with
               | you; that's what I mean when I say you're still
               | "cancelled". They may behave immaculately professional
               | toward you (because they're required to) but it won't be
               | a pleasant place to work, to say the least, and you
               | probably won't choose to remain long unless you're
               | unusually stubborn.
               | 
               | In any case--I don't care for cancel culture myself, but
               | I wouldn't risk the far more fundamental freedom of
               | association over it. Social ostracism ("cancelling") is
               | sometimes necessary, but only as a last resort. People
               | need to be shown that there are better ways to resolve
               | disagreements and react to objectionable behavior, past
               | or present, which don't involve rejecting the entire
               | person and all the _good_ things that they 've done.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Wait, you're now using "cancelled" for "people know what
               | you said and don't want anything to do with you", and
               | suggesting that this is a problem?
               | 
               | The alternative appears to be "people know what you said,
               | but ignore it." Is that somehow supposed to be better in
               | some way than "people actually have opinions about good
               | and bad, and act on them" ?
               | 
               | This just reminds me of what was supposed to be a funny
               | (if sad) joke by Asheigh Brilliant:
               | please don't judge me by what I do, or say, or who I
               | really am.
               | 
               | > People need to be shown that there are better ways to
               | resolve disagreements and react to objectionable
               | behavior, past or present, which don't involve rejecting
               | the entire person and all the good things that they've
               | done.
               | 
               | Implicit in this is the claim that people don't already
               | do this. Implicit in this is the idea that people cannot
               | possibly be already performing this calculus and saying
               | "well, yep, even though Tonya from accounting has done a
               | lot of great things here and has been great to work with,
               | her attitudes and language about <X> overrides all that,
               | and we need to make that clear".
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > Wait, you're now using "cancelled" for "people know
               | what you said and don't want anything to do with you",
               | and suggesting that this is a problem?
               | 
               | Yes, it's a problem when it's to the point of completely
               | disassociating from you given the opportunity to do so,
               | and the comment was made outside of work, in a completely
               | different forum, and not to them or about them. They're
               | not willing to engage with you and try to change your
               | mind, or even just to continue working with you (without
               | being forced). They're jumping straight to outright
               | ostracism, or as close to it as they can manage. And
               | anyone who doesn't do the same is next in line--guilt by
               | association is a big part of cancel culture. Often it's
               | not about what _you_ did but rather about your failure to
               | publicly condemn and  "cancel" someone else for what
               | _they_ did (or perhaps only have been accused of doing).
               | 
               | I'm not saying they should just ignore whatever specific
               | thing it was that gave offense, though sometimes that is
               | the right approach in a professional context. Choosing to
               | working together while ignoring irreconcilable
               | differences is sub-optimal but better than not
               | associating at all. That, however, is something that
               | people should choose for themselves, not something they
               | should be forced into.
               | 
               | > Implicit in this is the claim that people don't already
               | do this.
               | 
               | I'm sure some people do, and if they don't feel that they
               | can continue to associate with someone based on what
               | they've personally done then I support their choice. In
               | the vast majority of cases, however, a more measured
               | response is warranted which doesn't involve burning all
               | bridges and driving the offending party into the outer
               | fringes of society where they are likely to encounter
               | others who were similarly exiled and become ever more
               | entrenched in their positions.
        
           | yosito wrote:
           | > I don't want to hang out much with people who see the world
           | very differently from me
           | 
           | That sounds like a perfect way to become a closed-minded
           | bigot, using the original definition of the word.
           | 
           | I have friends and family that see the world quite
           | differently than me. And I still take time to visit them,
           | listen to them, and care for them.
           | 
           | When I was cancelled, I was actively attacked, sometimes
           | literally having my life threatened, lost some jobs and
           | memberships in different organizations. Mostly for failing to
           | be offended by things the group told me I was required to be
           | offended by.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > That sounds like a perfect way to become a closed-minded
             | bigot, using the original definition of the word.
             | 
             | What I choose to read or watch is really completely
             | orthogonal with who I choose to spend time with. I enjoy
             | spending a significant amount of time investigating
             | contrary points of view, and find it very valuable.
             | 
             | That does not mean I wish to spend the time I spend with
             | others hanging out with people who actively hold contrary
             | positions _particularly if we do not agree on the terms of
             | discussion_. I can be respectful of those people [0], and
             | listen to them, without making the choice to spend
             | (optional) time with them.
             | 
             | If your cancelling really involved those things, then I am
             | sorry that you had to experience this, and am glad that
             | you've found some peace in the aftermath. An awful lot of
             | what is called "cancelling" at the present time does not
             | amount to the things you've described.
             | 
             | [0] EDIT: actually, this is dishonest. If someone does not
             | agree with the same terms of discussion, I find it very
             | hard to actually respect them, even if I can "be
             | respectful" in person.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | If you can't even respect someone who sees the world
               | differently, how can you do any real "investigation" of
               | actual contrary views? It's sad to me that you don't even
               | see a problem with this, because this is exactly why
               | things are they way they are today.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I didn't say I could not respect someone who sees the
               | world differently. I said I could not respect someone who
               | doesn't agree to the same terms of discussion.
               | 
               | Let's take a recent article linked on HN, on astral codex
               | by Scott Alexander regarding Ivermectin. If I was to
               | engage in a discussion with someone about Ivermectin, I
               | would more or less insist that we both read this article
               | as a starting point, since it already gathers, critiques
               | and synthesizes almost every study that has been done. If
               | someone wishes to defend the use of Ivermectin in
               | connection with COVID19, then I'd have to insist that
               | they answer the evidence presented in that article that
               | strongly suggests that there is no reason to use it in
               | parts of the world that do not have significant levels of
               | parasitic worm infestation.
               | 
               | Now, perhaps they have some similar "reference" article
               | that they'd insist we also read, and also had some
               | similar basic evidence that they feel I should respond
               | to. That's fine.
               | 
               | But we have to agree that our discussion is going to be
               | evidence based, and that when I bring up evidence that
               | contradicts their stated claims, they need to respond to
               | the evidence by doing more than saying "I don't believe
               | that'. Same in reverse, obviously.
               | 
               | If they can't do that, then sure, I can't respect them.
               | If they can do that, then regardless of where we end up,
               | I'm going to have respect for their position, even if I
               | don't agree with it.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | > do no harm. Beyond that, there is room for tolerance and
         | disagreement.
         | 
         | This is just a nice-sounding platitude. What is or isn't
         | harmful is not written in stone. On the contrary, is a hugely
         | polarizing topic that informs the legal system. People get to
         | live or die because of views and opinions.
        
           | yosito wrote:
           | > People get to live or die because of views and opinions.
           | 
           | I disagree that my (largely uninformed) opinions really carry
           | that much weight. If I were a doctor and patients were asking
           | my medical opinion, then it would be extremely immoral to
           | give them a harmful opinion. My opinioms about which
           | politician said something racist or taboo are likely
           | inconsequential. And of course if I did find that my opinion
           | were having harmful consequences, I would change it, because
           | I'm a moral person.
        
       | fdagobrrrrr wrote:
       | Shut up and wear your mask slave!
       | 
       | Take this vax!
       | 
       | Wear are your papers!?
       | 
       | Have you gotten your booster shot yet? Why not? No more buying
       | groceries until you take your third booster shot and attest you
       | will bend to our will SLAVE!
        
       | b1gb4dc0v1d wrote:
       | Gotta love all these comments about censorship but not a peep
       | that FB/Twitter were running a _huge_ censorship campaign against
       | Trump last year - like covering up the fact that Biden 's son was
       | fucking underage girls on camera and was under multiple federal
       | investigations for corruption.
       | 
       | Also, funny the same people here talking about freedom are the
       | very first people to declare you must be wearing a mask and be
       | vax'd with boosters and a return to lockdowns.
       | 
       | You are all posers.
        
         | b1gb4dc0v1d wrote:
         | l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l
         | 
         | You can't handle the truth? That forced
         | masking/vaxxing/passports are not only anti-freedom but violent
         | terrorist activity? Or the truth that the president in chief is
         | a FUCKING PEDOPHILE!
        
           | Sparkle-san wrote:
           | bruh, you're embarrassing yourself.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RobertRoberts wrote:
       | Freedom is the default for existence.
       | 
       | The only way to not have freedom is for others to remove it from
       | you by force or threat of it. The threat of it is what causes us
       | to self limit our own freedoms. (sometimes for a greater good,
       | sometimes not)
        
         | secondaryacct wrote:
         | That means nothing: I want to be free to copulate with any mate
         | - what should you do when I approach yours? Well, this is this
         | balance and how to reach it that is the difficulty: what you
         | say has no substance and everyone agrees.
        
           | RobertRoberts wrote:
           | So you choose not to under threat of consequences. Or take
           | the risk.
        
         | elliekelly wrote:
         | "Freedom" can be given up by choice, too. Often because the
         | trade-off is better for both. Marriage, for example.
        
           | RobertRoberts wrote:
           | Yep, I said the same thing with "limit our own freedom".
        
       | sdave wrote:
       | Freedom is a .... consequence , of ....
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | milky2028 wrote:
       | Is it just me or is this nonsensical trash that seems to say
       | absolutely nothing?
        
         | milky2028 wrote:
         | Like, I'm a Snowden guy. I rep this dude but this article is
         | garbage.
        
       | testing192847 wrote:
       | agreed
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | I'd argue that before freedom can be a goal or a direction it's
       | necessarily an identity first. When we think of freedom as an
       | external thing, it's a reaction that defines itself as
       | inferiorized to the thing one is becoming free _from_.
       | 
       | I like Snowden's thinking and think he's one of the greatest
       | exemplars of courage alive today, and not to use his personal
       | email newsletter as a foil, but I think he missed some key depth.
       | 
       | The crux I think of the culture war is whether the ideal of
       | freedom originates from identity - or is the effect of
       | experience. This crux is related to the tension between
       | individual and collective good, but not defined by it. I think
       | the line is deeper.
       | 
       | The peculiar aspect of viewing freedom as an identity is it
       | necessitates - if not a belief in the divine, at least a
       | presumption of it. If you believe freedom is an effect of
       | circumstances, it relates you to the material world as being
       | subject of it. If you see freedom as a state of existence or an
       | axiom of being, it has to originate from somewhere, which implies
       | it was made or granted - and not by humanity.
       | 
       | This is why the culture war isn't intellectual or about ideas or
       | a specific "religion," but it is the exact same kind of religious
       | conflict we've recorded for milennia, because it's over beliefs
       | about identity. "Attacks" or subjugation of freedom isn't an
       | attack on an ideal, they become an attack on "free people."
       | 
       | However, the complement or opposition to this free identity is
       | the one where people identify as un-free, or as subjects to
       | forces - unfortunately for us all, those forces are of the
       | freedom-identified. Unlike freedom, this view doesn't come from
       | divine presumption, but material physical expereince, either of
       | real direct oppression and abuse, or via the logic of ideas in
       | language. Their belief comes from things that mostly happened to
       | them. It's a founding axiom of their identity, where your first
       | words are for things that reflect your identity as a subject,
       | slave, or oppressed. This identity requires an earthly oppressor,
       | independent of whether it is real or mostly symbolic. For all my
       | criticisms of it, it's a consequence of lived experience and not
       | faith in some divine force.
       | 
       | Anyway, into heady territory here, but on this freedom/culture
       | issue I think we've tried everything else. If we're doing pithy
       | aphorisms, I'd say instead that identities are irreconcilable. We
       | can co-exist, but we cannot fully know or understand each other,
       | even if the greatest thing in life is the little bits we do get
       | to know and understand about others.
       | 
       | I'd say that recognizing freedom as those parts of others we
       | existentially cannot understand and treating it as unexplored
       | opportunity for growth goes a long way to reconciling the
       | interests of those who identify as free, and those who do not.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | _it is my belief that market forces, democratic decline, and a
       | toxic obsession with "national security" -- a euphemism for state
       | supremacy -- are drawing the US and China to meet in the middle:
       | a common extreme._
       | 
       | Amen brother.
       | 
       | I realized that National Security is all about US Gov security &
       | US Gov partner's security & major campaign donor security and
       | that's about it.
        
       | ttfkam wrote:
       | You do not extend tolerance to those who would deny your
       | humanity.
       | 
       | Want to know how to fight back against authoritarianism? Look to
       | the folks who've been fighting against racism for (literally)
       | hundreds of years.
       | 
       | Racism in the US is just fascism that hasn't hit white people
       | yet.
        
         | 0134340 wrote:
         | Of course, HN readers are equating you with Hitler now after
         | what you said and I'm not surprised. But just so you don't
         | trigger them next time, a better phrase that you may agree with
         | and that won't be so triggering might be 'you deserve as much
         | tolerance as you give others'.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | Racism has deep roots in humanity, and likely other apes and
         | beyond. Its roots are in an evolutionary-beneficial distrust of
         | others that is now maladaptive.
         | 
         | Which groups fighting racism are you referring to specifically?
        
         | bluetomcat wrote:
         | > Racism in the US is just fascism that hasn't hit white people
         | yet.
         | 
         | It's rooted in classism and in a special breed of expressively-
         | aggressive individualism. Self-identification and self-
         | expression is paramount. You are forced to identify as a member
         | of many different groups and outwardly express your thoughts
         | and opinions.
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | There are Democrats elected to office that are publicly anti-
           | abortion, pro-coal, etc.
           | 
           | Can you name any GOP who are pro-choice, anti-coal, etc. I
           | mean, they're getting called out for saying the election was
           | fair and that 1/6 was an insurrection rather than tourists.
           | 
           | There is definitely tribalism on all sides, but there is a
           | marked cultish aspect to one faction, cult of personality
           | batteries included.
        
             | hunterb123 wrote:
             | Not too long ago there were hardly any Democrats that were
             | pro-abortion either, or even pro gay marriage.
             | 
             | Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski are pro-abortion
             | Republicans.
             | 
             | There's a lot to unpack in the rest of your comment I'm not
             | going to get into as it's ironically pretty tribalistic.
        
         | 0xdeadb00f wrote:
         | That's a pretty interesting and thought provoking point. Well
         | said!
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | Lol! "Flagged"
           | 
           | Not because it was off topic since I was responding to a
           | point Snowden made.
           | 
           | Not because it was threatening anyone or even name-calling.
           | 
           | Not because it was inciting violence.
           | 
           | On a site that touts championing free speech as a paramount
           | ideal, a topic about freedom of thought, and an open disdain
           | for "groupthink", my comment was flagged.
           | 
           | I swear, this orange site has absolutely no sense of irony.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Your comment broke several of the site guidelines, so it
             | was correctly flagged by users.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
             | 
             | I'm not sure where you got "a site that touts $foo, $bar,
             | $baz" etc. None of those things are "touted" by HN. People
             | make up such generalizations, of course, but they seem
             | mostly to be a product of the passions of the perceiver.
             | Those with opposite passions arrive at just the opposite
             | generalizations.
        
         | bobornotbob wrote:
         | "You don't extend tolerance to those who <insert your
         | definition here>" is the argument that was made by every
         | authoritarian regime in the world.
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | "You do not extend tolerance to those who are kicking the
           | crap out of you because they are Black" is the argument that
           | was made by every authoritarian regime in the world.
           | 
           | See how dumb that sounds? There are absolutely instances
           | where intolerance to some behavior is acceptable. The
           | question only becomes, "Are they denying another's humanity
           | or not?"
           | 
           | Not denying another's humanity and right to simply exist?
           | Then it's not authoritarian. You should tolerate them. Easy
           | peasy.
           | 
           | Claiming simply being homosexual should be a crime or that
           | police should have the right to kill people who aren't posing
           | an immediate threat? That's authoritarianism. You should not
           | tolerate them. Easy peasy.
        
         | defaultprimate wrote:
         | >You do not extend tolerance to those who would deny your
         | humanity.
         | 
         | Straight outta Mein Kampf
        
           | axhl wrote:
           | Not quite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance
        
             | the_drunkard wrote:
             | I actually think about this paradox relative to the uptick
             | in crime in major cities.
             | 
             | Take SF for example where crime has seemingly spiked and
             | there's no willingness to enforce the law /prosecute
             | offenders.
             | 
             | On one hand, a version of Hammurabi's Code ( _to cut off
             | the hand of thieves) is probably inappropriate. On the
             | other, we 've created an environment where there's no
             | repercussion for breaking the law.
             | 
             | Personally, I find myself favoring Hammurabi's approach.
             | 
             | _I don't believe his code specifically addressed petty
             | theft; allow me to paint with broad strokes.
        
             | defaultprimate wrote:
             | The premise for Hitler's hatred of the Jews was that they
             | view non Jews as cattle who exist solely to serve the Jews,
             | and were subverting German culture to achieve this end.
        
             | NikolaeVarius wrote:
             | Posting a wiki article is not an argument
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | Well yes, it directly corrects the wrong attribution made
               | above.
        
               | NikolaeVarius wrote:
               | How
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | Try reading it, maybe you can connect the dots!
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | Update: I misspoke. Hitler absolutely accused Jews of
           | treating Christian Germans of being lesser than themselves
           | while arguing that Germans like himself were superior to
           | everyone and everyone else was subhuman.
           | 
           | -------
           | 
           | Have you actually read Mein Kampf?
           | 
           | Hitler never claimed the Jews were denying his humanity nor
           | had German Jews ever denied the humanity of Christian Jews.
           | 
           | Hitler on the other hand did indeed deny the humanity of
           | German Jews. Perhaps you heard about how that turned out.
        
             | defaultprimate wrote:
             | Have YOU ever read Mein Kampf? The central thesis is that
             | Jews view non Jews as sub human servants.
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | "All who are not of a good race are chaff."
               | 
               | That was his central thesis. The demonization of Jews was
               | a supporting premise because all effective authoritarians
               | need someone to blame for why they're not on top.
        
             | the_drunkard wrote:
             | I think you just stumbled over your own logic.
             | 
             | Hitler used the same line of thinking you just
             | regurgitated.
             | 
             | He branded a group of people as denying German humanity
             | (evil usupers looking to cause harm from within) and used
             | that as justification for the Holocaust.
             | 
             | I think you need a time out.
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | "All who are not of a good race are chaff."
               | 
               | Let's all be honest, Hitler was all over the place in
               | Mein Kampf.
        
         | the_drunkard wrote:
         | > You do not extend tolerance to those who would deny your
         | humanity.
         | 
         | Probably a bad ethos to harbour, one that I imagine quickly
         | rationalizes violent behavior.
         | 
         | And I think we're all fortunate that in the US there is no
         | prevailing force denying any specific race of their humanity.
         | Is there scar tissue from the past? Certainly.
         | 
         | As Snowden states "freedom is a direction" and we've certainly
         | moved in the right direction over the past 30 years.
         | 
         | > Racism in the US is just fascism that hasn't hit white people
         | yet.
         | 
         | Odd foreshadowing, but let's hope that true fascism never
         | metastasizes in the US.
         | 
         | I am curious as to who you believe is currently denying your
         | /others humanity in the US?
        
           | throwaway123x2 wrote:
           | Sure, there's lots of people on the far right saying things
           | like "Muslims are terrorists who are trying to invade us" or
           | "globalism is a plot by the international jewry to do so-and-
           | so".
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | Imagine you were a Black woman born in late 1865. You were
           | among the first never to have known slavery. You witnessed
           | the first Black folks elected to Congress and even considered
           | it normal.
           | 
           | Then Reconstruction ends with a whimper. Burning crosses are
           | showing up everywhere. Thousands flee north as a reign of
           | terror grows. Your voting rights are curtailed then
           | eliminated. When Black folks are elected, they are driven out
           | of office by gunfire, and the federal government does
           | nothing. You were never eligible for the same jobs as white
           | folks, but now you can't even drink from the same fountains.
           | 
           | Would you say that woman lives in a democracy/democratic
           | republic or a fascist hellscape?
           | 
           | Then some legislation is passed. The folks wrongly accused
           | remain in jail, the dead remain dead, and the ones who killed
           | them are never brought to justice. The change is considered
           | an injustice by many, who leave their political party in
           | droves and welcomed by the other party in a "Southern
           | Strategy."
           | 
           | Things seems to quiet down a little though representation in
           | media either wholely excludes her descendants or
           | disproportionately shows them on shows like "Cops". The
           | history of that legislation is watered down and most of the
           | details of what happened before are not taught in schools.
           | Some public schools even have teachers arguing the
           | authoritarianism was justifiable. See: Lost Cause.
           | 
           | Then a man with her skin color is elected president. Those
           | same people who claimed that the presidency must hold certain
           | moral and capability requirements are confronted with a man
           | with all required qualifications and then some.
           | 
           | After his largely scandal-free tenure, those same folks, many
           | of whom were alive and among those forced by the National
           | Guard to treat people with his skin color as a human being,
           | gave up all pretense to morality and competence in the
           | presidency to elect a man who had neither.
           | 
           | And then we he lost re-election, they attempted to storm the
           | Capital and kill those that would replace him. This was not
           | quiet either. Folks brought lumber and BUILT a gallows where
           | they chanted for the Vice President to be hung for his lack
           | of loyalty to the outgoing president.
           | 
           | Did I mention the man with a knee on his neck for the better
           | part of ten minutes, whose murderers would have gotten away
           | with it had it not been for uncut civilian video footage of
           | the event from multiple angles?
           | 
           | Or the woman shot in her bed with no one held to account for
           | her death?
           | 
           | Or the literally dozens of instances off the top of my head
           | where a police officer kills or maims someone ON VIDEO with
           | only a slap on the wrist if that?
           | 
           | How about elected officials publicly stating that
           | homosexuality or being trans should be a capital crime?
           | 
           | Or legislation popping up around the country that bodily
           | autonomy is a fundamental right in law unless you are female
           | between approximately the ages of 12 and 50.
           | 
           | I'll restate: racism and sexism and homophobia are all
           | examples of fascism that haven't hit wealthy white men yet.
           | 
           | And unfortunately poor white men and white women in general
           | have failed to recognize the difference between power and
           | proximity to power. To everyone's detriment.
        
             | the_drunkard wrote:
             | That's a lot of text, but I fail to see your point. Is
             | there one?
             | 
             | In keeping with the spirit of the author; freedom is not a
             | goal, but a direction. And broadly speaking, we're moving
             | in the right direction.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, you sound like you've become somewhat of a
             | zealot. A byproduct of being spoon fed rage via the nightly
             | media /twitter cycle.
             | 
             | Statistically there's one specific group of peoples that
             | drive a disproportionate amount of violent crime.
             | Specifically murder, rape, robbery, and assault.
             | 
             | Raw data is here: https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-
             | the-u.s/2019/crime-in-the-u.s.-...
             | 
             | I think stepping back and realizing how far we've come, not
             | only as a country but also globally is worth recognizing.
             | Harboring venom from past wrongs won't do you any good; if
             | anything it appears to be obfuscating the present.
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | We literally have folks in office that called a violent
               | insurrection during a peaceful transition of power
               | following a democratic election "just tourists".
               | 
               | And that's not counting the elected officials who
               | actively abetted the insurrection.
               | 
               | And most members of their party are pissed at the few who
               | are willing to call it what it was: a violent
               | insurrection attempting to overthrow the democratically-
               | elected government.
               | 
               | I think you overestimate "how far we've come."
        
             | NikolaeVarius wrote:
             | > I'll restate: racism and sexism and homophobia are all
             | examples of fascism that haven't hit wealthy white men yet.
             | 
             | lolwut
             | 
             | You can't call something you think is bad, and just make
             | the conclusion its the same thing as something else you
             | think is bad. And just make it self evident.
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | I guess we've found the person who considers it debatable
               | whether people of color or homosexuals should be treated
               | as human beings.
               | 
               | Please note I never said that wealthy white men should be
               | considered lesser. Simply that policies put in place by
               | wealthy white men have clearly caused harm throughout US
               | history.
               | 
               | People of color never signed off on redlining.
               | 
               | There has not been legislation giving non-white male
               | folks more rights than anyone else, but there have been
               | many many laws seeking to limit their rights relative to
               | others.
               | 
               | Loss of privileges other do not have is not the same as
               | oppression. (Though it often feels that way to the
               | privileged.)
        
             | ttfkam wrote:
             | For reference, I was born less than ten years after my
             | parents' marriage was made legal across the US.
             | 
             | I am not yet 50 years old.
             | 
             | Ruby Bridges only recently became eligible for Social
             | Security. Many of the people who fought to keep her out of
             | the classroom are still alive today. They are elected
             | officials. They taught in the schools. They raised their
             | kids.
             | 
             | Now ask yourself if a law passed today would change your
             | mind on an issue that's important to you.
        
         | NikolaeVarius wrote:
         | "You do not extend tolerance to those who would deny your
         | humanity."
         | 
         | And this is how fascism starts
        
           | ttfkam wrote:
           | Would Jim Crow have been avoided by Black folks tolerating
           | white folks more?
           | 
           | Was the Trail of Tears due to insufficient tolerance by the
           | Cherokee and Seminole?
           | 
           | Or should the intolerance of those who denied their humanity
           | have been resisted and not tolerated?
           | 
           | There is no "both sides" here. At no time have white folks in
           | the US been into camps or slaughtered with sanction of the
           | state by people of color.
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | no, it isn't. Banning parties that openly call for genocide
           | (for example) is not fascism, it's having anti-genocide
           | principles.
        
             | defaultprimate wrote:
             | Saving the Germans from genocide and exploitation by the
             | Jews is exactly the justification Hitler used
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | except that Jewish Germans weren't calling for the
               | genocide of Christian Germans. The premise was a lie,
               | constructed to scapegoat the Jewish population for the
               | Germans losing the Great War [1].
               | 
               | Banning people from calling for genocide doesn't apply to
               | governments committing genocide to back up a lie. That's
               | a pretty obvious distinction.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth
        
               | defaultprimate wrote:
               | You made my argument for me. When those in power use the
               | justification above and the justification is not based on
               | reality, it has disastrous consequences.
               | 
               | It's not a valid justification, and authoritarians don't
               | care about objective reality or rationality.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | when authoritarians get into power they can do whatever
               | the hell they want. That's why the point is to stop that
               | happening in the first place. Hitler turned himself into
               | a dictator pretty much immediately after (possibly
               | staging) the Reichstag fire and declaring a state of
               | emergency.
               | 
               | The whole point is to stop people like him getting in in
               | the first place, and you don't do that by making calls to
               | genocide viable.
        
               | defaultprimate wrote:
               | Hitler was elected based on the premise that he would
               | save the German people from destruction, the exact
               | justification you excuse, not simply because he hated
               | Jews.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | and making it illegal for parties to call for genocide
               | would've helped his campaign, how? It doesn't necessarily
               | harm his campaign as he could/did just dogwhistle
               | instead, but it certainly wouldn't help it.
               | 
               | FWIW Hitler wasn't the example I was thinking of when
               | using that example. He didn't AFAIK explicitly call for
               | genocide but he did dehumanise Jewish people with
               | propaganda.
        
               | defaultprimate wrote:
               | Uh it would have been a good legal basis to seize
               | property from and criminalize the Jews since it was "easy
               | to prove" that's what they were doing.
               | 
               | You know... Exactly what actually happened.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | > making it illegal for parties to call for genocide
               | would've helped his campaign, how?
               | 
               | I don't know if you're arguing in bad faith or just not
               | responding to what I'm writing, but this is pretty
               | clearly a waste of time.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | I would argue that fascism already started with those who
           | would deny others humanity, regardless of whether they're
           | shown tolerance.
        
       | ukj wrote:
       | "Freedom" is a symbol. Like all symbols and all symbolism it
       | means nothing to Bob and everything to Bill. It means one things
       | to Sarah and another to Sally.
       | 
       | One person's freedom is another's tyranny and vice versa.
       | 
       | It's all a treacherous language game.
        
         | myfavoritedog wrote:
         | Freedom means different things to different people, but it's
         | not because it's all a treacherous language game. It's because
         | the concept is complex. The forces that underlie freedom like
         | choice and power are not just treacherous language games. They
         | also mean different things to different people, but they're
         | very real at a base level.
         | 
         | If it were all a treacherous language game, then playing would
         | be futile. There would be nothing to talk about.
         | 
         | To the contrary, Snowden is talking about Freedom from the
         | context of a society that was a humanitarian, economic, and
         | cultural disaster - Mao's China. Those failures were far from a
         | language game.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | No one is ever truly free. Maybe great, great ascetics who are so
       | detached from the world that their freedom has become a prison of
       | their own.
       | 
       | When I was young, I felt every bite at my freedom deeply. Having
       | a job, a schedule, responsibilities. Each one was deleterious to
       | my freedom in a way that, as a young man, I was unequipped to
       | handle.
       | 
       | I've learned at some point in the last few years that we trade in
       | our freedoms every day of our lives. If you have a driver's
       | license or pasteurized milk in your refrigerator, you have traded
       | in some way in your freedom.
       | 
       | What I see today is a contingent of people who don't value their
       | freedom at all. They have no spiritual relationship with their
       | existence as an individual - their identity is predicated on
       | their characteristics and not their innate uniqueness.
       | 
       | Down that road is every manner of tyranny.
        
         | bluetomcat wrote:
         | Freedom is context-dependent. Living in a civilised society
         | gives you different kinds of freedoms (and obligations)
         | compared to living in some form of a hunter-gatherer society.
         | Like, freedom to pick the desired room temperature from your AC
         | remote, rather than freedom to roam around and hunt whatever
         | animals you choose.
        
         | sysadm1n wrote:
         | > No one is ever truly free
         | 
         | Freedom exists in the mind. Even the most oppressed enslaved
         | people can still be free in their own head.
         | 
         | On the other hand, I use some proprietary non-free software, so
         | I've traded my freedom to use certain technology, but other
         | than that, I consider myself as always being free no matter
         | what the circumstances. All the old sages have said something
         | similar: 'You are enslaved the moment you think you are'
        
         | long_time_gone wrote:
         | I love your comment. I have a small question with this part:
         | 
         | > What I see today is a contingent of people who don't value
         | their freedom at all. They have no spiritual relationship with
         | their existence as an individual - their identity is predicated
         | on their characteristics and not their innate uniqueness.
         | 
         | Is it possible there is some "hierarchy of needs" for freedom
         | and that "characteristic freedom" must be achieved before
         | "uniqueness freedom" can be achieved? Said another way, maybe
         | these people actually can't feel innately free until they feel
         | their characteristics are accepted as part of free society.
        
           | debacle wrote:
           | The answer is anxiety. Even before COVID, there was a great +
           | growing anxiety about the world. It was palpable.
           | 
           | I think that our anxiety is normal, it is biological, and it
           | is inevitable. We are not that much more evolved than we were
           | 20,000 years ago, but the things we worried about then are
           | almost trivial now, and the ways in which we managed those
           | anxieties are ineffective against the anxieties of the day.
           | You can't run away from global warming, the surveillance
           | state, or our increasingly rewarding but terrifying
           | relationship with our world.
           | 
           | We need a new spirituality to combat this anxiety - it wont
           | go away on its own. We need mnemonics that placate the
           | animalistic parts of our brain that are appropriate for our
           | times, and we need to be able to identify when our anxieties
           | are being preyed on by others.
        
       | evancoop wrote:
       | Perhaps there is some definition of freedom in mathematical terms
       | in which the total scope of decision-making autonomy is maximized
       | over all citizens? The barbarian example would yield a low tally,
       | as the leaders of a hoard are "free," but their subordinates have
       | little decision-making capacity. In terms of the limitations of
       | personal freedoms, the boundary might lie where the diminishment
       | of others' freedoms exceeds the diminishment of one's own if
       | restrained. (E.g. killing someone eliminates all of their future
       | decisions, but preventing a murder eliminates only one decision
       | for the potential murderer?)
        
         | ComodoHacker wrote:
         | Looking from a dialectic perspective, the higher in the social
         | hierarchy you are, the more freedom you have in some of your
         | decisions and less in others. Decisions like where to live,
         | what to wear, who to befriend etc., become more free and at the
         | same time less yours. Taking it to the extreme, is a leader of
         | an authoritarian state free to stop oppressing their people and
         | install democracy? Is a leader of a democratic state free to
         | start oppressing their people and install authoritarianism?
         | 
         | Perhaps the grand theorem of freedom would state that freedom
         | in the Universe is constant.
        
         | thegrimmest wrote:
         | It somewhat boils down to violence, doesn't it?
         | 
         | 1) Your degree of freedom is strictly a relationship between
         | you and those who are able to legitimately use violence against
         | you. Legitimate here meaning you have no means of recourse
         | besides violence of your own.
         | 
         | 2) How free you are is then expressed as a graph of all
         | possible actions you may take which are not prohibited by the
         | threat of legitimate violence (often expressed as "law").
         | 
         | 3) Then a "free and equal society" is one the total size of the
         | graph is optimized for. This mandates laws which delegitimize
         | violence except where strictly necessary to enforce said
         | delegitimization.
         | 
         | 4) The only addition that is typically made in large, agrarian
         | societies is the legitimization of the private ownership and
         | transfer of property. Thus we have "free, equal and orderly"
         | societies.
         | 
         | These lead us to the usual functions of the military (to
         | protect from external violence), the police (to protect from
         | domestic violence), and the courts (to resolve disputes,
         | usually over property, which would otherwise turn violent).
         | From there, _any_ encroachment of the state (such as mandating
         | participation in various insurance schemes) into the graph of
         | its citizens would be strictly perceived as a curtailing of
         | freedom.
         | 
         | It's important to note that these terms necessarily exclude
         | material circumstance from their definition. They also define
         | violence in the strict sense of physical force. You are not
         | less free because you may be sick or poor, since these are not
         | interactions with people who may use legitimate violence.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | > 1) Your degree of freedom is strictly a relationship
           | between you and those who are able to legitimately use
           | violence against you. Legitimate here meaning you have no
           | means of recourse besides violence of your own.
           | 
           | I strongly disagree with this. "Strictly?" Oh my, no. There's
           | so much more that goes into one's _practical_ ability to
           | exercise freedom. It 's why a rich person--even _if_ they
           | were treated identically by the state--is far freer than a
           | poor person. It 's why removing _hypothetical_ but mostly
           | useless freedoms (say, the  "freedom" to choose my health
           | insurer) can in some cases truly _increase_ how free I
           | actually am (no longer have to spend all that time screwing
           | around with health insurers; no longer as dependent on
           | employment for healthcare, et c).
        
             | thegrimmest wrote:
             | Well, then we clearly just disagree on what the definition
             | of "freedom" is. Mine is aligned basically with the idea as
             | it was first laid down during the French revolution. From
             | the Declaration of the Rights of Man:
             | 
             | > _Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which
             | injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural
             | rights of each man has no limits except those which assure
             | to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the
             | same rights_
             | 
             | One of us should in good faith acquiesce from the term, to
             | avoid overloading it, no? I propose that the existing
             | definition remain, and the _practical ability_ to do stuff
             | be given a new one, say  "capability". In other words, the
             | incapable are just as free as the capable.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | If your definition calls the pauper in a society with no
               | rules whatsoever freer than the billionaire in a society
               | with exactly one government-enforced rule, which
               | prohibits unsolicited sales calls after 6:00 PM on
               | Sundays, then it's a broken definition.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | Whether it's broken or not is up to you, but that's what
               | freedom means. All I'm suggesting is that people
               | acknowledge that they are indeed attempting curtail our
               | freedoms (ie. enslave us) even to a minutely limited
               | degree, in order to accomplish their vision of good.
               | 
               | This moves the conversation forward, because the next
               | question is how do we know your vision of good is the
               | right one, worthy of the requisite sacrifice of our
               | liberty? Is it really worthwhile to enslave the competent
               | and the fortunate in order to maintain the incapable and
               | unfortunate?
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > Whether it's broken or not is up to you, but that's
               | what freedom means.
               | 
               | You are not the arbiter of this, however much you insist
               | on it, and all four relevant definitions in Webster's
               | 1913--a great source if you're looking for conservative
               | and time-tested definitions of US English usage--disagree
               | with you, if we're really going to quibble over that.
               | "Liberty" is, as in your quoted translation from the
               | French, much closer, but you are _still_ insisting on a
               | much narrower interpretation than is common. You 're also
               | reading your source as an _exclusive_ definition, when it
               | doesn 't, _per se_ , claim anything of the sort. You're
               | using it in a jargony sense from a particular political
               | philosophy--the promoters of which find their job much
               | easier when they get to define words in particular, not-
               | quite-normal ways, then use those convenient definitions
               | as a sandy foundation for various shaky logical towers--
               | which _does not_ mean the general definition must conform
               | to yours.
               | 
               | > This moves the conversation forward, because the next
               | question is how do we know your vision of good is the
               | right one, worthy of the requisite sacrifice to our
               | liberty? Is it really worthwhile to enslave the competent
               | and the fortunate in order to maintain the incapable and
               | unfortunate?
               | 
               | It's tough and messy and absolutely ends up being largely
               | arbitrary, because moral and political philosophy aren't
               | math and never will be. We don't "know". We can't. Trying
               | to "know" will quickly send you into "not even wrong"
               | territory.
               | 
               | > (ie. enslave us)
               | 
               | > Is it really worthwhile to enslave the competent and
               | the fortunate in order to maintain the incapable and
               | unfortunate?
               | 
               | LOL, OK. I've glanced at your post history. This ain't
               | going anywhere productive. Hope you find your way out of
               | this some day. Doesn't look like any previous posters
               | have done any good no matter how gentle (or harsh)
               | they've been, so I'll leave off there.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | > It's tough and messy and absolutely ends up being
               | largely arbitrary
               | 
               | This is precisely why no one has the right to force their
               | vision of the good on others. Doing so is
               | indistinguishable from tyranny.
               | 
               | If you can tell my why people are owed the cooperation of
               | others I'm glad to change my mind. But kindly don't
               | patronize me.
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | This is a good definition. It is very close to my own, though
           | I would quibble about endorsing the propaganda term
           | "legitimate". Certainly those who practice such violence want
           | it treated as legitimate, and your phrase "no means of
           | recourse besides violence of your own" gets to the core of
           | the issue: that others allow them to get away with calling it
           | legitimate, without offering resistance. However, these
           | factors are not sufficient to _justify_ violence when it is
           | neither defensive nor proportional and reciprocal.
           | 
           | Also, you relegate "private ownership and transfer of
           | property" to a minor and seemingly optional footnote while
           | this is a necessary aspect of the definition of "violence".
           | (Is theft not violence? If your answer is "no", how about
           | starving someone by stealing all their food, or the land and
           | capital equipment they need to grow it? Or the barter goods
           | or money they needed to purchase it? Etc., etc.)
           | 
           | The problems with "the usual functions" (and the key
           | difference between minarchists and anarchists such as myself)
           | are: (a) These things can be, and have been at various times,
           | provided privately without initiating violence, so it is not
           | necessary to curtail freedom for them. (b) It's not enough to
           | say "a military is necessary to reduce violence, and this
           | falls under the heading of 'military', and thus is allowed".
           | To justify it on the basis of minimizing overall violence
           | this military must never employ more violence than necessary,
           | or more than it demonstrably curtails elsewhere, including in
           | its funding process or in enforcing any rules it imposes. The
           | same goes for the police and the courts. The courts have the
           | easiest path; they're not that far removed from private
           | arbitration. The military is the hardest to justify,
           | particularly a standing army in a country like the U.S. with
           | only two neighbors sharing land borders or even on the same
           | continent--both of whom are considered allies.
        
           | kag0 wrote:
           | That's an interesting way to look at it, but I take an issue
           | here
           | 
           | > How free you are is then expressed as a graph of all
           | possible actions you may take which are not prohibited by the
           | threat of legitimate violence
           | 
           | It's a good point to think in terms of possible actions you
           | may take. But violence isn't the only thing that can prune
           | that graph.
           | 
           | Say I come across an orchard surrounded by an [unclimbable]
           | fence. I want to eat some fruit in the orchard, but cannot
           | because of the fence. There is no violence I face that
           | prevents my action, and no violence I can level to take the
           | action. Yet my action is prohibited by another, and thus my
           | freedom limited.
        
             | thegrimmest wrote:
             | That's exactly my point though. The only pruning of the
             | graph which counts against your freedom is that which is
             | done with the threat of legitimate violence. You are still
             | free in spite of the fact that you cannot access said
             | orchard. It's simply beyond your capabilities, much like
             | you are still free despite lacking wings to fly over the
             | barrier.
             | 
             | Who erected the barrier is not relevant here. What if the
             | barrier was a circumstance of nature? An orchard on a
             | plateau surrounded by unclimbable cliffs?
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _The idea of freedom is inspiring. But what does it
               | mean? If you are free in a political sense but have no
               | food, what 's that? The freedom to starve?_" -- Angela Y.
               | Davis
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | _" We, too, born to freedom, and believing in freedom,
               | are willing to fight to maintain freedom. We, and all
               | others who believe as deeply as we do, would rather die
               | on our feet than live on our knees."_
               | 
               | - Franklin Delano Roosevelt
        
               | kag0 wrote:
               | I would say that the only pruning of the graph which
               | matters is that which is done by your fellows.
               | 
               | An orchard atop a cliff presents an equal challenge to
               | all. Some might have the ability and desire to scale it,
               | some not.
               | 
               | What is the difference between a fence around an orchard
               | and a threat of insurmountable violence if you enter the
               | orchard? Either way it is someone else restricting your
               | freedom, while they retain that same freedom for
               | themselves.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | This is, to my mind, a very libertarian stance, and I think
           | it demonstrates the fundamental sketchiness of
           | libertarianism.
           | 
           | The three major questions are, what do you mean by "violence"
           | (which you have answered), and what do you mean by
           | "legitimate", and what do you mean by "freedom"?
           | 
           | What if, say, your employer in cooperation with others were
           | to blackball you so that the only employment you could get
           | were as an unskilled laborer? That clearly wouldn't be
           | violence. Would it restrict your freedom? Apparently not?
           | 
           | How about if a group of people arrange to ensure that you can
           | only live in a certain area, purely by economic means? No
           | violence, right? Legitimate? Are you less free? No?
           | 
           | Suppose you live in a society that makes collective decisions
           | by voting. But, you are not allowed to participate in those
           | votes, by virtue of material circumstance, say. Still no
           | violence. Still no less free, right?
           | 
           | What about violence? Can I burn down your house if you don't
           | do what I want? If I make sure no one is injured? Material
           | circumstances are excluded, right?
           | 
           | Now, what makes violence legitimate versus illegitimate? If a
           | group of people kill one of your neighbors for violating some
           | extra-legal rule, that would clearly be a crime, right? But
           | what if the people doing it cannot be identified? Or, if
           | identified, arrested, and prosecuted, they are found to be
           | not guilty. Repeatedly. Clearly, you would feel some pressure
           | to follow said rule although that would not be a restriction
           | on your freedom, right?
           | 
           | Is chattel slavery an imposition on the freedom of the slave,
           | if physical violence is not used?
           | 
           | I suggest that your definition of "freedom" is very far off
           | from the normal, colloquial definition ("the power or right
           | to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or
           | restraint" according to the Goog')---there are plenty of
           | restraints on your power to act and speak that do not involve
           | violence. (Thinking? We're working on that.)
           | 
           | You mention insurance schemes, which is always a fun topic
           | because I'm old and can remember when requiring liability
           | insurance for drivers was controversial. Is it legitimate for
           | anyone, especially the state, to force you to be financially
           | responsible for your actions? Would that be a restriction on
           | your freedom? Absolutely! Would it be a legitimate (oooh,
           | there's that word) restriction?
        
             | thegrimmest wrote:
             | Many of your examples are variants on the same point: the
             | cooperation of others. I contend that no you are not owed
             | the cooperation of your employer, or other members of
             | society, for _absolutely anything_. Interactions between
             | free people should be strictly voluntary and consensual.
             | This means if your employer wishes to cease employing you,
             | he should be able to do so at his leisure. If he 's
             | breached a contract, you can sue for damages.
             | 
             | So yes, if your entire town decides to blackball you, that
             | is an _exercise of their freedom_. If people decide not to
             | sell you their property, that is likewise their _choice_.
             | You are just as free as you have always been, no one is
             | using force against you. They are simply refusing to
             | cooperate with you.
             | 
             | In what world does forcing a person to employ another not
             | an impingement of their freedom? Anyone who can use the
             | threat of violence to compel participation is a master, and
             | free people have no masters.
             | 
             | > _Suppose you live in a society that makes collective
             | decisions by voting_
             | 
             | As long as these decisions cannot be enforced with
             | _physical violence_ then you are no less free by being
             | excluded. Say I run a supper club which votes on where to
             | eat next, are you less free by not being invited?
             | 
             | > _If a group of people kill one of your neighbors for
             | violating some extra-legal rule..._
             | 
             | This entire paragraph describes corruption, which is
             | inevitable, and does impact your freedom. No human process
             | is immune.
             | 
             | > _Is chattel slavery an imposition on the freedom of the
             | slave, if physical violence is not used?_
             | 
             | Chattel slavery is _defined by_ the use of violence to
             | confine the slave _literally in chains_. If the slave can
             | _just leave_ he 's not very enslaved is he?
             | 
             | > _there are plenty of restraints on your power to act and
             | speak that do not involve violence_
             | 
             | Most of these take the form of the threat of withholding
             | cooperation. This is a perfectly legitimate threat to make
             | in a free society, and one I contend has no bearing on your
             | liberty. Living in a free society is merely agreeing to
             | _coexist_ peacefully, not that everyone must cooperate, or
             | be the same team, or be immune from the consequences of
             | failure. In fact, my reading of the article is that it
             | means exactly the opposite - that people are free to
             | cooperate or not as they see fit.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Actually, all of my examples are (variants in some cases)
               | of the means used to restrict the freedom of groups of
               | people in the recent history of the United States. Not to
               | "cooperate, or be the same team, or be immune from the
               | consequences of failure" but to actually restrict that
               | group's ability to act or speak.
               | 
               | I notice that you ignored the common definition of
               | freedom I quoted. I find _your_ definition of
               | freedom...less than useful. It ignores any other sources
               | of power than  "the state" (I wonder how you would deal
               | with the absence of a state.) It leads to irrational
               | consequences; an individual can be perfectly free and yet
               | unable to do anything except starve.
               | 
               | I do have a couple of questions about your response,
               | though.
               | 
               | " _> If a group of people kill one of your neighbors for
               | violating some extra-legal rule..._
               | 
               | " _This entire paragraph describes corruption, which is
               | inevitable, and does impact your freedom. No human
               | process is immune._ "
               | 
               | Corruption, in this case, does not imply any violence at
               | all---a jury is free to return a verdict of not guilty
               | for any reason, no? How can that possibly impact your
               | freedom?
               | 
               | " _Chattel slavery is defined by the use of violence to
               | confine the slave literally in chains. If the slave can
               | just leave he 's not very enslaved is he?_"
               | 
               | (It's not really defined by violence, but I'll leave that
               | up to you.) My plantation is located in the middle of the
               | desert. You are free to leave at any time. You won't,
               | because you would die, but you are free to do so. So
               | you're really free, right?
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | We could examine this by comparing 'anti-freedom' systems like
         | chattel slavery (Old US South Cotton Plantations) vs. wage
         | slavery (Appalachian Coal Company Towns).
         | 
         | In the former, refusal to work for the masters led to beatings,
         | torture, mutilitaion and death. In the later, refusal to work
         | for the bosses led to homelessness and hunger and death.
         | 
         | Now, one could argue that the coal company town was 'more free'
         | than the cotton plantation, I suppose.
         | 
         | Ultimately freedom requires the dismantling and weakening of
         | hierarchical social power structures. Let's say the people in
         | that coal company town were the ones who elected their bosses,
         | rather than some remote collection of wealthy shareholders.
         | 
         | Wouldn't that be even more free? Democratization of
         | corporations seems like going in the direction of freedom.
         | Germany is ahead in this, as corporate boards in Germany
         | include employee representatives, not just shareholder
         | representatives.
        
           | thegrimmest wrote:
           | > _Now, one could argue that the coal company town was 'more
           | free' than the cotton plantation, I suppose._
           | 
           | Yes! Crucially because its residents were _free to leave_.
           | Doing something unpleasant or dangerous due to economic
           | necessity is _vastly different_ than doing it in chains.
           | 
           | You're assuming the Appalachian coal company residents had
           | _no other options_ when clearly they did, as evidenced by the
           | patterns of migration to and _from_ these towns. Working in a
           | coal mine was just their preferred choice, given the
           | alternatives available. Many of these men took pride in their
           | work.
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | I agree, but also that they'd be more free if all the coal
             | workers in a given corporation had the same number of
             | representative voting seats on the corporate board as the
             | shareholders did.
             | 
             | Freedom is a direction, it's a good quote.
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | there is sort-of, it's called utilitarianism. However, maths
         | isn't a magical cure-all - the ethical dilemma is just shifted
         | onto how you quantise your ethical problems.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | wtmt wrote:
       | > building out a similar technological and political
       | infrastructure, using similar the justifications of countering
       | terrorism, misinformation, sedition, and subjective "social
       | harms."
       | 
       | FWIW, this seems to be a common thread in many countries apart
       | from China and the US. "Sedition", for example, has become the
       | stick to use for any kind of dissent uttered in India over the
       | last few years (a lot more so compared to before).
       | 
       | > rather, it is my belief that market forces, democratic decline,
       | and a toxic obsession with "national security"--a euphemism for
       | state supremacy--are drawing the US and China to meet in the
       | middle: a common extreme. A consensus-challenging internet is
       | perceived by both governments as a threat to central authority,
       | and the pervasive surveillance and speech restrictions they've
       | begun to mutually embrace will produce an authoritarian center of
       | gravity that over time will compress every aspect of individual
       | and national political differences until little distance remains.
       | 
       | Again, please add India to this list. It would take a lot to
       | detail out how things are in the country. So let me share one
       | recent set of incidents in a major city (where Google has its
       | largest offices). Police, without the backing of any law or
       | specific authorization, were stopping people on the streets and
       | asking them to unlock their phones and show their WhatsApp chats
       | so that the police could read and see if the person was involved
       | in transacting ganja (marijuana/weed).
       | 
       | But such things go on without the courts batting an eye or
       | punishing the abuse of power with serious consequences.
       | 
       | I've kinda lost faith in democracies and the claims of checks and
       | balances with the executive, legislature and judiciary. Power
       | corrupts all of them equally, and they all side with each other
       | rather than with the people who they took an oath to serve.
        
         | bogle wrote:
         | I'd suggest that rather than losing faith in democracy you
         | could look to the spectrum of democracies and see where India's
         | is failing. In the UK we have to turn to the courts to restrain
         | the horrors that our government commit, more and more of late.
         | 
         | "Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in
         | this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is
         | perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is
         | the worst form of Government except all those other forms that
         | have been tried from time to time; but there is the broad
         | feeling in our country that the people should rule,
         | continuously rule, and that public opinion, expressed by all
         | constitutional means, should shape, guide, and control the
         | actions of Ministers who are their servants and not their
         | masters." - Winston Churchill, 1947
         | 
         | [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-
         | hansard/commons/1947/nov/...]
        
         | fennecfoxen wrote:
         | Oh, let's start with a shorter snippet. Something banal and
         | absurd, easy to relate to, that shows where these 'sedition'
         | things tend to go:
         | 
         | If you cheer on the Pakistani cricket team, that's sedition.
         | 
         | https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/28/sport/india-arrest-kashmiri-m...
         | 
         | 'On Wednesday, Uttar Pradesh Police tweeted that five people
         | had been arrested in incidents throughout the state after
         | "anti-national elements used disrespectful words against the
         | Indian cricket team and made anti-India comments which
         | disrupted peace."'
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | I spent a lot of time reading political philosophy books from
       | smart people with big reputations and the definition and dynamics
       | of liberty was definitely an overriding theme. My takeaway many
       | years later is that it's a very complex topic and many people,
       | all with contradictory positions, have a lot of confidence in
       | their take on it. I trump them all by having no confidence in my
       | take!
        
         | secondaryacct wrote:
         | Yeah I m in the same boat. I come from France, an old, maybe
         | aging, proud of itself democracy and... when I discovered
         | Singapore then Hong Kong, two semi-dictatorships in different
         | ways, omg: I had never seen people so free in ways we cant be
         | free in France.
         | 
         | So now that Im a permanent resident in Hong Kong, joking with
         | everyone next step is Chinese citizenship, I'm a bit at a loss
         | when it comes to freedom. Not corruption, efficiency,
         | representativity, predictable justice or even fairness, where
         | clearly I cant argue against France and for China/HK. But just
         | freedom itself, I feel it goes so much beyond the ability to
         | vote and complain publicly. I cant define it just like you, but
         | when I look around me in the middle of a street in Hong Kong,
         | even now, I feel so much freer that in Paris... it's weird.
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | are you sure you're not mixing up freedom and stability?
           | Individual freedom is not something China is known for.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Are there any projects to actually try to evolve the web to avoid
       | censorship / intermediation?
       | 
       | It seems to me we are good at identifying the negative trend but
       | aren't actually acting on them. Or am I just missing the obvious?
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | https://prism-break.org
        
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