[HN Gopher] Scan of the Month: Lego Minifigures
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       Scan of the Month: Lego Minifigures
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 371 points
       Date   : 2021-11-17 14:30 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scanofthemonth.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scanofthemonth.com)
        
       | martin_drapeau wrote:
       | Legos are truly a marvel of engineering in terms of design,
       | robustness and longevity. Dimensions are constant across time and
       | parts last forever. Legos 40 years ago work well with today's
       | pieces.
        
         | thrower123 wrote:
         | Quality on vintage Lego is usually better than what you buy
         | today. They claim they haven't made many changes to the
         | process, but a yardsale batch of Lego usually has less color
         | abnormalities (aside from the age yellowing) and brittleness
         | than a box right off the store shelf.
         | 
         | Perhaps QA isn't as rigorous anymore.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | On the other hand, vintage Legos contain cadmium.
        
             | JeanSebTr wrote:
             | Quite an alarming claim!
             | 
             | Looks like regarding to Cadmium, "vintage" means up to mid-
             | to-late 1980s [0]
             | 
             | > Apparently The [Lego] has been aware of this concern for
             | at least three decades (hence the switch to Cadmium free
             | plastic colorants sometime in the mid-to-late 1980s)
             | 
             | [0] https://tamararubin.com/2019/05/vintage-1970s-legos-
             | test-pos...
        
           | dolmen wrote:
           | Or just that QA didn't scale with multiple factories around
           | the world?
        
             | philk10 wrote:
             | or QA notices but is told it's not a problem to be fixed
        
           | vanviegen wrote:
           | Based on my old Lego from the mid eighties, I have a
           | different experience. The old bricks now fit together rather
           | loosely, compared to my children's brand new Lego. Most of
           | the colors are also not what they used to be, besides having
           | been stored in an UV-free environment most of the time.
           | 
           | No telling what the new bricks will be like in 35 years of
           | course.
        
             | bookofjoe wrote:
             | They will be holograms. We will be too.
        
             | brianpaul wrote:
             | I concur. My childhood LEGO from 1980-ish (now my son's)
             | have noticeable color and fit variation. Still usable, but
             | definitely not as nice as the new stuff.
        
             | incanus77 wrote:
             | Same here, some going back to the late 70s.
        
             | thrower123 wrote:
             | A thing I see a lot in the new bricks is that the color
             | isn't true all the way through a brick. It's almost like a
             | gradient, where the dye wasn't mixed into the base white
             | ABS plastic very well
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | IIRC they switched to some kind of biodegradable plastic a
           | few years back. I'm pretty sure they're softer, but it might
           | be in my head.
           | 
           | What'd help _way more_ with waste is if they would stop
           | making like 75% of the part count of modern sets short 1x1s
           | and other really tiny--often flat-topped, because the box
           | photo mustn 't display any nubs, I guess--pieces. If my kids
           | take some legos outside, those are what get lost permanently.
           | I get them to pick up what I can, and make a pass myself for
           | any they missed, because as toys go they're gold, but some of
           | those tiny pieces are for-sure buried in my yard.
           | 
           | That'd also make the sets more playable--repairing play-
           | induced damage on a modern set is hell because of the fiddly
           | little constructions they use, and there are few exposed nubs
           | to connect things to for expanding/customizing/having-
           | minifigs-stand-on-it, without tearing off a bunch of pieces.
        
             | obmelvin wrote:
             | Hey, random question from someone who isn't a parent, do
             | you have any read on whether home 3D printed legos are cool
             | to kids? I guess it's hard to match the look and 3D print
             | the majority of your pieces while buying special boxed sets
             | that your child wants.
             | 
             | I walked past a lot of Legos last week and I was thinking
             | "these are very cool, but wow my parents spent so much
             | money on legos". I also used to paint some of the Games
             | Workshop Warhammer figurines in my teens. If I ever had the
             | urge to get back into something like Legos or figurines
             | later in life, I think I'd definitely go the 3D printing
             | route.
        
               | svachalek wrote:
               | 3D printing is great for a lot of little plastic toys but
               | it also teaches you about the mechanical perfection that
               | is Lego. Even the cheap offbrand bricks probably fit more
               | consistently than what you can print.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | 3D printing, at least typical FDM, does not have near the
               | tolerances required to snap onto the real bricks, but I
               | found that the "LEGO technics" side of things (with the
               | pegs and holes) is much more forgiving since the real
               | lego pegs are flexible, they can snap into rigid 3D
               | printed parts once you get the scale right.
               | 
               | Years ago I was teaching a robotics class where I asked
               | the kids to customize their robots' faces by drawing new
               | parts like mustaches and eyebrows with markers, and then
               | used Inkscape and Tinkercad to model the parts in 3D. If
               | you scroll down to the last pics in my blog you can see
               | the result: https://coltenj.com/learning-with-social-
               | emotional-robots/
        
               | dharmab wrote:
               | Look into bulk used LEGOs from online stores, it's
               | probably cheaper than printing your own and helps reuse
               | existing plastic parts.
               | 
               | 3D printing is awesome for figurines! Although they're
               | banned at official Games Workshop events, it's one of the
               | best ways to casually play 40K IMO.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | 1) Seconding used as an option from the other post.
               | That's great.
               | 
               | 2) Big Buckets of legos still exist and are pretty cheap,
               | actually.
               | 
               | 3) Kids may like the sets on the shelf but _my_ kids have
               | treated them like puzzles: they 're _really excited_ when
               | they get them and put them together once, play with them
               | barely if at all, then as soon as they get a little
               | messed up, just destroy them and go back to making
               | whatever, and never put them together again. I 've seen
               | very few modern sets (but there are a few!) that look
               | like they'd support the play-style I had as a kid. Even
               | the "big" sets with huge part counts are tiny compared to
               | large 90s sets, and have rooms and such that are almost
               | too small even for kid-hands to play in, plus the
               | aforementioned problems with so many of the pieces being
               | tiny, so much of the construction being really fiddly
               | (relying on all those tiny pieces) rather than
               | straightforward so it's hard to fix if part of it gets
               | broken, or you deliberately disassemble part of it for
               | some reason. Few exposed studs plus the fiddly-
               | construction thing makes expansion/customization and
               | "kit-bashing" tougher, which was a big part of what I
               | did. I suppose the modern ones appeal really well to kids
               | who like to assemble lego sets, then display them, rather
               | than playing with them. I knew a few kids like when I was
               | a kid.
               | 
               | I don't know whether 3d printed lego replacements are any
               | good.
        
             | dharmab wrote:
             | The new bioplastic is only used on flexible parts like
             | vegetation. Most bricks are still made from ABS (although
             | they're continuing to prototype other plastics)
        
               | tspike wrote:
               | It's also not biodegradable; it's chemically identical to
               | the polyethylene used before. It's only the process and
               | materials sourcing that changed.
        
             | travisgriggs wrote:
             | I'm personally fine with the term nubs and know exactly
             | what you mean.
             | 
             | In some AFOL circles, they'll jump down your throat for not
             | using the "correct" term "stud". The canonical term for the
             | "flat-topped" is tile.
             | 
             | My personal gripe is just the explosion of special purpose
             | pieces that Lego vends today. Less is more Lego.
        
               | tspike wrote:
               | > My personal gripe is just the explosion of special
               | purpose pieces that Lego vends today. Less is more Lego.
               | 
               | I've personally been amazed at the possibilities that
               | seemingly single-purpose parts open up in the hands of a
               | skilled builder.
               | 
               | One example is the "stud shooter" -- a utensil for
               | minifigures to shoot out 1x1 round plates. Check out what
               | these folks did with it:
               | 
               | https://www.newelementary.com/2020/05/stud-
               | shooter-15391%20-...
               | 
               | New Elementary is a gold mine for creative uses for
               | "specialized" parts.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > I've personally been amazed at the possibilities that
               | seemingly single-purpose parts open up in the hands of a
               | skilled builder.
               | 
               | And this is great, but when you have small children who
               | just want to join things together, a lot of the modern
               | sets have a fairly limited ability to customise.
               | 
               | It's frustrating. They sell plenty of simple sets, it's
               | just so attractive to buy the fancy ones recreating some
               | movie.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | Ah, cool, thanks for the corrections. Yeah, I'm not into
               | online lego fandom enough to know the correct terms--I
               | just played with them for probably low-thousands of hours
               | as a kid.
               | 
               | I do like how many bigger modern sets come with a "brick
               | tool". I always wanted one as a kid when, but they were a
               | separate purchase and I never wanted one bad enough for
               | it to make my wishlists, over more sets. Even the $80+
               | sets (in 80s/90s dollars!) back then didn't come with
               | them. They _are_ handy.
        
           | creaturemachine wrote:
           | Modern mini-figures from the past 10 yrs or so develop cracks
           | in the arms where the hand fits, making them fall apart very
           | easily. None of my old ones from the 80/90's develop them.
           | Large blocks have been modified to use less material, so
           | thinner walls and different structures to gain back the
           | rigidity. They may not have change the process, but it feels
           | like materials certainly have.
        
         | real-dino wrote:
         | You think Lego are incredible, check out Gundam Plastic Models.
         | They have runner's made of multiple colours, and ready
         | assembled hinges that are cast in a single injection mold.
         | 
         | The RG models in particular are insane!
         | 
         | Check out this video of Adam Savage making one:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfmD1yYqP6k
        
           | 420official wrote:
           | He notices one of the hinges at around 6 minutes
        
           | djstein wrote:
           | thanks for the video link that was really cool
        
       | Guidii wrote:
       | Love it!
       | 
       | If the author's here, I'd love to hear your thoughts on the
       | upcoming scroll-linked animation api[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://drafts.csswg.org/scroll-animations-1/EXPLAINER.md
        
       | DavidPeiffer wrote:
       | I really appreciate the writeup associated with the page. It's
       | always interesting to see behind the scenes details on how things
       | are manufactured. Back in college, the manufacturing professors
       | had us bring things to them if we didn't know how they were made,
       | which was always a fun discussion ruling out possibilities based
       | on little details.
       | 
       | I had no idea about the L and R on the legs, and wouldn't have
       | guessed that for sorting in the factory despite being an
       | industrial engineer myself.
       | 
       | They got me to signup for future scans. Does anyone have other
       | solid manufacturing type blogs, breakdowns, etc?
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | It does not scrolls well using keyboard arrows :/ I have to rely
       | on my very imprecise touchpad.
        
       | grlass wrote:
       | This is a really fun format.
       | 
       | It seems that this is their first month in posting --- I spent a
       | minute looking for older scan, before checking the wayback
       | machine.
        
         | mfwit wrote:
         | Hopefully, in the future, they add some background information
         | on how they do the scan, etc as well. I find myself just as
         | interested in that now.
        
           | goodells wrote:
           | The page mentions it's a CT scan. But from the looks of it,
           | not the kind one would find in a hospital meant for humans.
           | Probably something for research/industrial applications on
           | much smaller samples, the materials science people at my
           | university have one. They spit out a pretty usable voxel
           | format (DICOM).
        
             | cl3misch wrote:
             | The machines are called "micro CT"
        
               | ortusdux wrote:
               | My first thought was neutron radiography, but this makes
               | more sense. Neutron X-ray hybrid scanning can capture
               | some amazing images.
               | 
               | https://phoenixwi.com/neutron-radiography/neutron-image-
               | gall...
        
             | korla wrote:
             | DICOM is also the format used at hospitals for medical
             | images. At least in radiotherapy.
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | Such a awesome idea! Such a poor implementation. Why is the
       | scrollbar deciding where in the scan you are? Seems to be made
       | for people on Apple hardware, where scrolling is very smooth, but
       | people with normal mouse or using keyboards, are out of luck to
       | see the details. My mouse wheel scrolls seemingly like pressing
       | on the down arrow, so I can't really see the details without
       | having to result to "grabbing" the scrollbar with the mouse, and
       | slowly move downwards. Problem with that is that the page is very
       | long, so each mouse movement is bigger than the scroll I actually
       | want to do.
       | 
       | I hope in the future they implement a slider that allows you to
       | actually see the details, because they are there, but the
       | implementation makes it really hard to see.
       | 
       | Such an interesting idea though, and I really like the results.
       | That Lego itself is so interesting helps a lot as well :)
        
         | occamrazor wrote:
         | On windows, you can click the middle button and move the mouse
         | to scroll smoothly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | This site (and its beautiful images) only worked in Chrome
         | scrolling on a trackpad for me. Not Safari, nor Firefox, nor
         | Chromium, but Chrome. Truly it is an IE of the modern age.
         | 
         | (As an aside, I'd love to download the dicoms and explore them
         | at my own pace!)
        
           | usefulcat wrote:
           | Worked fine for me in Safari (mobile) and in Firefox on a
           | Linux desktop (with mouse scroll wheel).
        
           | mbreese wrote:
           | Worked for me with Firefox and a scroll wheel (on a Mac). I
           | don't know if it looks better on Chrome, but it was
           | definitely functional for me.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Breaking the law in Missouri and viewing the source of the page
         | finds lots of class names that are Apple-specific. Whatever
         | library is being used, ReadyMag, seems to favor the fruity
         | variety of hardware. Not sure if there's some checkboxes to add
         | more/less.
        
           | alluro2 wrote:
           | Oh god, you're not joking about Missouri. I just read about
           | how it came to be, and - well, I don't know what to say.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | i personally will be trying to ensure this lives on in
             | infamy through sarcasm at every opportunity. i'm in texas,
             | so it's not often some other state does something as just
             | obliviously dumb as the texas govt. except florida. it's
             | neck and neck between texas and florida
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | Major sites (The New York Times, for one, and the BBC, for
         | another) have been doing this for "interactive stories," for a
         | while now.
         | 
         | In some cases, I like it. In others; not so much.
        
         | driverdan wrote:
         | It works very poorly in Firefox on Mac as well. Scrolling is
         | jerky, if I go back the page turns white, and my fans go crazy.
        
         | kraftman wrote:
         | I don't usually like this kind of design, but in this case I
         | like the way it works, and how the text pauses at interesting
         | bits. Just my 2 cents.
         | 
         | EDIT: I just tried with the arrow keys and agree that that's
         | not a nice experience. For me, scrolling with the mouse is much
         | more fine-grained than using the arrow keys
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | It works well for the bits that are annotated, yes, because
           | the scan stops "scrolling" at that point even if you scroll.
           | Problem happens when you're interested in something they
           | haven't annotated.
        
             | kraftman wrote:
             | not sure if its the same for you, but for me each arrow
             | up/down is equivalent to about 15-20 scrollwheel notches of
             | my mouse, which is enough to see the other parts.
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | I'n on a 2020 MacBook Air with the defaults for
               | scrolling. When using the keyboard, each press of an
               | arrow key moved the scan nearly to the next annotation.
               | There was no way to see the parts in between.
        
       | jffry wrote:
       | Beware if you load this on a mobile device with metered data!
       | 
       | This animation is implemented by loading a large number of ~200KB
       | PNG files, each 800x800px, such as this one [1] and then drawing
       | them into a <canvas> as you scroll.
       | 
       | Having scrolled through the entirety of the animations, Firefox
       | reports that it transferred about 220MB of PNGs on top of the
       | 3.4MB of JS and an inexplicable 202KB of CSS.
       | 
       | Maybe I do not understand some key requirement. Shouldn't it be
       | possible to encode a high quality video file, embed it with
       | <video>, and control it from JS, and still come out with a much
       | smaller file size? Perhaps there's just a requirement I'm missing
       | but that's an eye watering amount of data being served by
       | Cloudfront to every visitor, and Cloudfront isn't exactly the
       | cheapest.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://d11poao410tx6l.cloudfront.net/616f05008e9fa70027fff3...
       | 
       | edit: I got nerd sniped and downloaded all the frames.
       | Considering only the largest animation
       | (da2783d9-383d-43ec-8778-9b52f984c35a):                 - 230 PNG
       | frames: 51MB       - WebM (VP9, alpha, lossless): 6.7MB (-86.7%)
       | - WebM (VP9, alpha, crf15): 2.3MB (-95.5%)
       | 
       | Instead if I use all the frames in one big video:
       | - 1087 PNG frames: 271MB       - WebM (VP9, alpha, lossless):
       | 39.0MB (-85.6%)       - WebM (VP9, alpha, crf15): 12.0MB (-95.6%)
       | 
       | I used ffmpeg 4.4.1 with the following commands:
       | ffmpeg -i 'frames/%6d.png' -c:v libvpx-vp9 -lossless 1
       | lossless.webm       ffmpeg -i 'frames/%6d.png' -c:v libvpx-vp9
       | -b:v 0 -crf 15 crf15.webm
       | 
       | To my eye, crf15 is very very good quality, but I included
       | lossless encoding so there can be no quibble about quality
       | differences :)
       | 
       | And yes I know Safari can't do VP9 but there's no reason you
       | couldn't also encode a HEVC and AV1 version and list multiple
       | <source> elements and let the browser decide which format it
       | prefers
       | 
       | edit to the edit: It seems that smoothly scrubbing through a
       | <video> element is more tricky than I originally knew. Still, a
       | lot of mileage could be gained by encoding the individual frames
       | as AVIF or WebP and using them in supported browsers
        
         | wdfx wrote:
         | I was wondering why the text I was reading didn't match up with
         | the background image - it hasnt fully loaded and there's no
         | indication !
         | 
         | grr
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > This animation is implemented by loading a large number of
         | ~200KB PNG files
         | 
         | Wow, you're not joking! I counted ~1000 requests for PNG files.
         | Not only expensive for the user, that has to be expensive for
         | the people who built this too. 1000 visitors scrolling through
         | the site and promptly forgetting about it's content would mean
         | 180GB, that's ~10 USD per month just for that page (according
         | to https://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html).
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | If you use something like Cloudflare you can eliminate
           | bandwidth costs.
           | 
           | AWS way overcharges people on bandwith in general.
        
         | ccheney wrote:
         | Very possible to attach an event listener to the scroll event
         | and use that to scrub a video
        
         | unclebucknasty wrote:
         | From the console:
         | 
         | All 181 images loaded.
         | 
         | All 230 images loaded.
         | 
         | All 154 images loaded.
         | 
         | All 50 images loaded.
         | 
         | All 230 images loaded.
         | 
         | All 242 images loaded.
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | Interestingly, apps like TinyPNG are able to bring down the
         | size of that file by -74% (255.3 KB -> 67.5 KB) in a way that
         | is invisible to the eye.
         | 
         | Someone should have compressed their files better.
        
       | servytor wrote:
       | There is a great video on plastic injection molding by
       | 'engineerguy' on YouTube.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMjtmsr3CqA
        
       | callesgg wrote:
       | That is the first time i have seen someone change the scrolling
       | behavior and it actually feeling like it works.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | I'm not one for fancy UI frontend, but in this case it is
       | appropriate and well-suited for the content. Medium, meet
       | message.
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | I had some trouble with the images getting loaded properly
         | while scrolling. Scrolling back and forth a couple of times
         | seemed to show more images. I noticed that when the text
         | appeared not to be in sync with what I was seeing in the
         | images.
         | 
         | But I agree, it's a nice experience.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jffry wrote:
           | That's because it's loading individual frames as 200kB PNGs
           | and drawing them into a <canvas>
        
       | afandian wrote:
       | This is gorgeous. If the author's reading, it's jumpy if you have
       | a clicky scrollwheel mouse, and jittery if you drag the scrollbar
       | (on Firefox, at least).
       | 
       | Could you add a slider or something to help with fine control?
       | There's so much detail to look at.
        
       | stuartbman wrote:
       | Everyone in the comments discussing the UX of scrolling in this
       | setting- this is exactly how you look through a CT scan! And in
       | the different planes, as in this page. Sure a slider is useful,
       | but I think this is really authentic.
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Nothing will ever convince me this is good UX. Makes it hard to
       | find exact frames in the scan, breaks very fundamental
       | expectations on how text works both on the internet and in real
       | life. Stop it. It was an incredibly long and tedious fight to
       | kill Flash, let's not relive that.
        
         | korla wrote:
         | Killing flash was not about UX. The issues with it were
         | technical.
         | 
         | Flash was not the UX for systems, but for fun little games and
         | a means to tell a story in a way which wasn't available on the
         | Web 20 years ago. This UX is fine as it is IMO. Cool even.
        
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       (page generated 2021-11-17 23:00 UTC)