[HN Gopher] Flint water crisis costs Michigan $600M. Preventing ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Flint water crisis costs Michigan $600M. Preventing would have cost
       $80/day
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2021-11-15 17:32 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | _the matter of attorney fees "will be addressed in a separate
       | opinion and order."_
       | 
       | Begging the question of why class action suits aren't handled
       | similarly
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Begging the question of why class action suits aren 't
         | handled similarly_
         | 
         | They are. Your quote is incomplete. The opinion says the
         | "Plaintiffs' motion for attorney fees will be addressed in a
         | separate opinion and order" [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21102078/flint-
         | settle...
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | I don't see how that nullifies the distinction of this action
           | vs typical class actions.
        
       | thedday wrote:
       | Who the heck is Levy?
        
         | DerekL wrote:
         | According to
         | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21102078-flint-
         | settl..., linked in the article, Judith E. Levy is the judge in
         | the case. The article should have explained that.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | _officials from Gov. Rick Snyder's administration decided against
       | adding the inhibitors, even though the practice was mandated by
       | the Environmental Protection Agency for cities over 50,000
       | people._
       | 
       | Apparently, the liberty buzz - the one that states get from
       | refusing federal health orders - comes with a nasty hangover (one
       | that can damage health and/or end lives).
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | This stuff makes for great quips and lots of internet virtue
         | points but odds are this was just a line item among many that
         | "needed" to be done to Flint's infrastructure to meet federal
         | guidelines. They're not rich enough to do it all. There's no
         | way for anyone with any authority to actually do things decide
         | what is and isn't important because a) politics and b) every
         | department thinks their stuff is most critical. Most of the
         | time most of the stuff manages to get done without causing any
         | sort of crisis but there's always the risk.
         | 
         | Construing this as the inevitable result of some ill-advised
         | liberty binge is simply lying. Flint didn't care about thumbing
         | their nose at the EPA. Their mistake was being poor,
         | incompetent and unlucky simultaneously. If they were rich they
         | could have out spent their own stupid. If they were smart
         | they'd have figured out there was a problem and treated it
         | before it god bad. If they were lucky there never would have
         | been a problem.
        
           | dane-pgp wrote:
           | > They're not rich enough to do it all.
           | 
           | But we're not talking about doing it all, we're talking about
           | meeting its minimum legal requirements. If a city doesn't
           | have enough money to do that, then presumably it should
           | declare bankruptcy.
        
             | throwaway09223 wrote:
             | There are plenty of municipal entities who can't afford to
             | meet various minimum legal requirements. Furthermore, it's
             | not always clear what severity is attached to various
             | compliance requirements.
             | 
             | Bankruptcy can cancel debt, but it can't create new
             | funding. If the money isn't there, it isn't there.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | Flint switched water supplies then failed to properly
               | treat the new one. Severe budget constraints would have
               | had them staying with the already not-poisonous supply.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | In general, it would have... Except in this case, a
               | larger municipality more or less bought out Flint's stake
               | in the old water supply.
               | 
               | Flint didn't have the money to not get the old supply
               | turned away from them.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | That still sounds like somebody went on a liberty binge.
               | 
               | Why are towns competing for clean water sources by how
               | much they can pay to a provider?
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | I just love the way markets self regulate.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | Appreciate the additional info.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Seems pretty clear that whoever was responsible for this
           | specific cost/benefit calculation was wrong though?
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | Everything is 20-20 with hindsight. If a school bus went
             | through a rusted out guard rail killing a bunch of kids
             | you'd be hearing about that instead.
             | 
             | There is no winning in these kinds of situations, you just
             | try your best and hope to not be the unlucky one who
             | presided over something that went south. Of course sucking
             | at your job makes it harder to get it right but even if
             | you're good the risk is always there.
             | 
             | The ironic thing is the people of Flint can probably relate
             | to this dilema a heck of a lot better than a bunch of HNers
             | who have no frame of reference for this kind of thing.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Putting morons in charge of critical water infrastructure
               | is literally a case study in municipal fuckups. "Don't
               | poison your town" isn't a hard call, especially when the
               | incremental cost is on the order of thousands of dollars
               | per year, not tens of thousands.
               | 
               | Full wiki background:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkerton_E._coli_outbreak
               | 
               | Case study: http://scceh.com/Portals/6/Env_Health/consume
               | r_protection/dr...
               | 
               | Literally everyone who has been within 100yds of a muni
               | water system knows the stakes for this stuff.
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | The only winning move is to live in a rich city.
               | 
               | Something to keep in mind the next time HN starts ranting
               | about working remotely.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I think you have not been following this situation. It wasn't
           | something overlooked -- there were plenty of alarms ringing
           | (articles in the local and national press, posturing by the
           | governor and certain legislators etc).
           | 
           | I agree what you mention can happen. That's not the situation
           | here.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > They're not rich enough to do it all.
           | 
           | That kind of indicates Flint shouldn't have switched their
           | water supply if they couldn't afford to do it w/o lead-
           | poisoning the population.
        
         | vmchale wrote:
         | There need to be criminal penalties for the sort of things he
         | did.
         | 
         | Neglecting infrastructure and poisoning water despite warnings?
        
           | TheDudeMan wrote:
           | Did you read the article?
           | 
           | "Former Gov. Rick Snyder and eight others have been charged
           | with crimes related to the Flint water crisis."
        
         | nathanaldensr wrote:
         | It's sad that you would classify liberty as "buzz." I take it
         | you've never lived in an authoritarian dictatorship before.
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | It's sad that you would compare "federal health orders that
           | prevent children from being exposed to levels of lead that
           | cause permanent brain damage" to authoritarian dictatorship.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | Oh these pesky dictatorships that insist in keeping poor
             | kids safe from brain damaging poisons... Who will pay for
             | that?
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | The problem with preventing harm to children is
               | eventually you run out of other people's money.
               | 
               | /sigh
        
           | cool_dude85 wrote:
           | How much lead is in the water you drink?
        
           | mcphage wrote:
           | Neither has Rick Snyder.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | Not nearly as sad as pols who are only interested in
           | liberties that generate a political high.
        
           | AlexCoventry wrote:
           | This was purely performative, though. Any concept of liberty
           | which allows for such neglect of critical public goods like
           | water supply is morally bankrupt.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | When it comes to public health/public safety related mandates,
         | normal people don't benefit from living in a state that refuses
         | those orders.
         | 
         | Politicians however can build a whole career out of it. They
         | don't even have to stay in those states if a cushy role in
         | Congress opens up.
        
       | game_the0ry wrote:
       | Irrespective of cost, the flint water crisis is among the most
       | egregious modern fuck ups in state governing. It literal pisses
       | me off when I think about it.
       | 
       | The worst part, justice was not served - those responsible were
       | not held accountable. [1]
       | 
       | [1] A great PBS doc, but start at 48:27 -
       | https://youtu.be/6oVEBCtJgeA?t=2907
        
         | rmason wrote:
         | Michigan's emergency manager law has been on the books since
         | the eighties and was passed by a Democrat, Gov. James
         | Blanchard. Most Michigan governors have appointed at least one.
         | When the people have elected a dysfunctional and crooked city
         | government (or school board) it's a way to do an end run and
         | fix things.
         | 
         | Republican Gov. Snyder (a former VC) promised to fix Michigan
         | and he appointed 18! What Detroit's EM, Kevin D. Orr, did was
         | nothing short of amazing and it led to Detroit's comeback.
         | 
         | Most of the rest of the EM's either succeeded or quietly
         | failed, except Flint. The guy running Flint was a complete and
         | utter disaster. They weren't even saving all that much money by
         | switching to the river water.
         | 
         | Where Gov. Snyder and his staff failed utterly is they tried to
         | cover it all up. Someone should be held accountable for the
         | coverup but sadly it doesn't appear that's going to happen.
        
         | dymk wrote:
         | I agree, this is an incredible feat of stupidity on behalf of
         | the Flint government. It boggles my mind how badly they fucked
         | up.
         | 
         | But, does the water contamination cause incontinence or
         | something?
        
       | sleepysysadmin wrote:
       | michael moore is an ideologue you may or may not agree with.
       | However, he's the man on the streets on this one. He's been
       | covering it for decades.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_%26_Me
       | 
       | https://michaelmoore.com/10FactsOnFlint/
       | 
       | However, take that hat off and put on the opposite ideological
       | hat. What really happened?
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | Nice to see a Roger & Me reference. I also recommend it.
         | 
         | Most of his other productions were taking aim at issues on a
         | national level, and so they could be very polarizing. Roger &
         | Me, which was his first production, is really localized on
         | Flint, so it's hopefully less polarizing to someone watching it
         | for the first time. Additionally, given what we now know about
         | Flint, Roger & Me takes on a more poignant tone than it
         | otherwise might have. _[Edit: Spelling]_
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Irony being that GM was able to switch its water sources away
           | from Flint because they found the new Flint water to be too
           | corrosive.
        
       | afinlayson wrote:
       | We gotta make consequences matter again. No one or no philosophy
       | behind this have been punished. Small government is still a valid
       | approach because the message of 600M is >> $80/ day doesn't get
       | traction.
        
         | TheDudeMan wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | "Former Gov. Rick Snyder and eight others have been charged
         | with crimes related to the Flint water crisis."
        
       | Gunax wrote:
       | So the fuckup isn't in switching the water supply, but the lack
       | of anti-corrosion agents.
       | 
       | I think people are learning the wrong lessons along their
       | political ideology. If you favour small government, this is
       | further proof that the state never does anything right.
       | 
       | Or, the lesson is that the government will screw you over because
       | they don't care.
       | 
       | In reality, this is an engineering fuckup that will cost us
       | dearly. The fault is in the systems that allowed this to occur.
        
         | cool_dude85 wrote:
         | Funny how that trick works.
         | 
         | "Small-government" state Republicans take over Flint, fuck
         | things up ruining the lives of tens of thousands over a few
         | dollars a day, and when their pants are firmly down around
         | their ankles... "further proof that the state never does
         | anything right."
        
           | Gunax wrote:
           | And if it was successful, would you have concluded that the
           | plan worked and changed your political stance?
           | 
           | Most people would not. Most of us come to our conclusions and
           | make the evidence fit (and not the reverse).
           | 
           | If you run an experiment with possible outcomes 'A' and 'B',
           | but both outcomes reinforce one's philosophy/model, then they
           | aren't really testing one's model.
           | 
           | I am not trying to advocate one way or the other, just
           | commenting on how little reality actually changes people's
           | perceptions.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | Flint, Michigan is not a Republican stronghold nor did these
           | issues happen only under Snyder. Michigan is well purple and
           | has had a mix of both Democrats and Republicans.
           | 
           | I don't think you can blame this on a particular party.
        
       | fricneowbwo wrote:
       | This is the reason I am not at all concermed about running up the
       | federal deficit to fix infrastructure. We can put future
       | generations in debt by taking out loans, or we can do it by
       | sticking them with a massive repair bill.
        
         | xmprt wrote:
         | I wonder how you're supposed to price in externalities in cases
         | like this. We all know that climate change and crumbling
         | infrastructure will have real and devastating effects for
         | future generations but unless we can somehow price in those
         | effects today, we will likely not see any change taken to
         | mitigate them.
        
         | humanistbot wrote:
         | FYI, those types of government spending often end up being a
         | long-term net positive for the budget. We immediately get a
         | decent portion of those funds back through taxes on the people
         | and businesses hired to do that work. And on the businesses
         | they hire to supply them, especially with all the "buy
         | American" requirements built in. Then those businesses have a
         | ripple effect through local economies. Those plumbers and
         | pavers need places to eat, shop, etc., and those people pay
         | taxes. Those cooks and clerks need good and services too. And
         | so on it goes.
         | 
         | This is called the fiscal multiplier:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_multiplier
         | 
         | One estimate was that food stamps have a 1.73x multiplier
         | effect, payroll tax cuts have a 1.29x effect, while the Bush
         | tax cuts on the wealthy had a 0.29x effect.
        
         | sleepysysadmin wrote:
         | >This is the reason I am not at all concermed about running up
         | the federal deficit to fix infrastructure. We can put future
         | generations in debt by taking out loans, or we can do it by
         | sticking them with a massive repair bill.
         | 
         | A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they
         | know they shall never sit in. -Not me
         | 
         | Everyone knows quality investment in the future always works.
         | Especially in infrastructure. Building a new bridge across the
         | detroit river will pay for itself. The caveat with your
         | position is that you cannot indebt a future generation with bad
         | debt. Only 5% of that infrastructure bill is really 'planting
         | trees' but rather instead a bunch of ideological vote buying.
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | > Everyone knows
           | 
           | Apparently you don't have uncles and former co-workers like
           | mine.
           | 
           | I'm so sick of debating these things. I'm about ready to give
           | up on government, and instead form Unions that force
           | behavior.
        
         | oftenwrong wrote:
         | Except that those projects can be harmful in the long-term:
         | 
         | https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2017/1/2/five-ways-feder...
        
       | DantesKite wrote:
       | By the way, this is a good lesson for everybody to invest in a
       | reverse osmosis water filter.
       | 
       | Engineering failures (either due to structural, legal, or
       | political failure) happen all the time.
       | 
       | Having clean water is obviously good and having a backup is even
       | better, especially considering the consequences.
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | Doesn't "reverse osmosis" waste or require a lot of water? I'm
         | no expert but I seem to recall hearing about how inefficient
         | the process was/is.
        
           | tengbretson wrote:
           | The efficiency of some of the better systems is about 4:1, so
           | if you drink 50 gallons of water a day that could be nearly
           | 200 gallons of water wasted.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Thats why you just r/o your drinking water, not your
             | toilet/dish/clothes machine. Shower is kinda iffy, but
             | you'll want to filter your hot water unless you drink from
             | a separate tap.
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | People drink their heated water? I always thought that
               | was a bad idea. Something about mineral build ups in the
               | hot water heater or something? I only consume cold tap
               | water and use my electric kettle to heat it up if needed.
               | I only use hot water for bathing/showering, washing the
               | dishes, and jump-starting the sous vide.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | My kitchen has one of those "pullable" taps on a flexible
               | line. If you drink what first comes out, your cup is
               | being filled with whatever it was set to during the last
               | use.
               | 
               | Then there's whatever residue is left from
               | washing/rinsing with warm water.
               | 
               | TBH, if I'm making a pot of pasta, I fill the pot with
               | hot water to jump-start too, but I know my system is
               | mostly pex. Maybe that's still risky due to the plastic,
               | but there shouldn't be any lead deposited in the heating
               | process.
               | 
               | I'm in the Great Lakes area, so cold taps can be 5C in
               | winter. If you're making OJ from concentrate (or Tang),
               | it could take a while to dissolve at that temperature.
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | I must say i am often surprised by practices in other
               | countries. I've never heard of any of this stuff. I am
               | probably completely uninformed or situation here must be
               | very different. Like it seems you have to know so much
               | stuff and have so many systems in place to have water...
               | 
               | For example i live in appartent building with central
               | water heater. I absolutely use hot water from it for
               | pasta. Am is it wrong? And letting water to flow for 20s?
               | Why?
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | Interesting, yeah I always run the sink for 10-20 seconds
               | after using hot water to clear the line. My house isn't
               | pex (I want to update it at some point) but I also
               | thought it was more the water heater than my pipes that I
               | was combatting but it's very possible that it's an old
               | wives tale that I fell for decades ago.
               | 
               | For pasta I have a convoluted system of putting a small
               | amount of cold water into the pot and then doing 3-4
               | rounds of the electric kettle (with occasional additions
               | of cold water when the water in the pot reaches a boil
               | but I still need more water).
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | If your water system has been doing corrosion control,
               | you're fairly well (but not 100% protected) against lead
               | exposure from your old copper pipeworks.
               | 
               | The big risk is _new_ lead-soldered piping and leaded
               | (largely pre-2014 USA brass plumbing but [1]) fixtures,
               | because even with corrosion control, it takes a while
               | (months to years) to build up that protective layer.
               | 
               | What people get wrong with pasta is they think they need
               | a strong boil. While the steam is hotter than the liquid,
               | most pasta is in contact with the water and your energy
               | is going into evaporating more water off. Just use a
               | spoon to stir occasionally and use a pot cover to
               | condense the steam back in.
               | 
               | [1] http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/11/06/nsf-61-lead-
               | from-a-ne...
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | I looked it up - the 4:1 is the ratio of waste water to
           | purified water. I wonder if it is possible to apply it in
           | grey-water applications at least - although situations where
           | you need that much greywater are probably pretty rare.
           | 
           | Personally I am of the point of view of "Upgrade the damn
           | water infastructure already! There is ample demand for pure
           | and better tasting water and it would benefit from scale
           | compared to a household level."
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | Assuming the filters don't add extra pollutants, the "bad"
             | water would only have 25% more of whatever is in the input.
             | 
             | If the input is just barely not good enough for drinking,
             | the "bad" water is probably still good for showers.
        
             | shagie wrote:
             | > I wonder if it is possible to apply it in grey-water
             | applications at least - although situations where you need
             | that much greywater are probably pretty rare.
             | 
             | Use it to flush the toilet or do laundry.
             | 
             | This is a very light gray water. It isn't "water that went
             | down the sink" or "water that was used to wash clothes".
             | It's "water that has a slightly higher concentration of
             | what isn't in the RO water.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | Right, like is there a RO system that provides tap water
               | for drinking, and returns the "waste" to your hot water
               | heater for everything else?
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | I want to say "that's not a function of the RO system,
               | but rather an added complication to the rest of the water
               | system in the house." It is similar (to an extent) as the
               | collection of rainwater for similar non-potable
               | applications.
               | 
               | This means running multiple water systems through the
               | house. Hot, tap cold, non-potable, filtered. One could
               | combine the tap cold and non-potable to simplify the use.
               | But it's the same problem (and solution) of using rain
               | water as non-potable and RO waste water as non-potable.
        
           | DantesKite wrote:
           | Yes. The way most RO filters are designed, they waste a lot
           | of water, because of all the pressure the tank imposes.
           | Specifically, as the tank becomes full, it takes more and
           | more water to go against the backpressure.
           | 
           | I use Brondell Circle RO which developed a different design
           | that wastes less water. Much less water. They wrote an
           | interesting white paper about it. You don't have to read the
           | whole thing. Just look at the graph on page 5 to see how
           | efficient this system is:
           | https://www.brondell.com/media/wysiwyg/water-
           | filters/circle-...
           | 
           | It's by far the best designed filter I've ever used. Changing
           | the filters is so simple because of the lack of high water
           | pressure. Previously water would spill everywhere and
           | tightening and loosening the filters was such a nightmare.
           | Like an mini-explosion.
           | 
           | It's also less susceptible to structural breakdowns (water
           | will bore through any material over the span of months. It's
           | how my old system failed).
           | 
           | Nobody has really innovated on the RO design as well as they
           | have. It stayed stagnant for a number of years and it was
           | something I complained about constantly.
           | 
           | For example, one of the other innovations they've done (that
           | most other companies don't automatically do) is automatic
           | flushing so the RO filter last longer. You can install this
           | on old RO systems, but normally, you have to do it manually.
           | 
           | Other companies have also tried building a tankless version
           | of the RO system, but the problem they ran into is as the
           | water empties, there's less pressure, so the water dribbles
           | out. Brondell built a flexible reservoir so the pressure
           | always stays constant.
           | 
           | It's a beautiful piece of engineering and I wish more people
           | heard about this company.
           | 
           | https://www.brondell.com/circle-reverse-osmosis-water-
           | filter...
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | It reads like the additive would have fixed almost everything for
       | every house with lead plumbing. I'm not surprised an additive
       | would have improved the situation, but I'm skeptical it would
       | have avoided all of the $600M spend.
       | 
       | A similar article with more detail...I'm still reading it.
       | https://www.materialsperformance.com/articles/material-selec...
        
         | neolefty wrote:
         | My understanding is that it was a loss of institutional
         | knowledge that came from the passage of time and from
         | arrogance. The engineers who knew why the additive was required
         | were fired or ignored or both. Could also be a lack of
         | documentation?
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Oh, what I meant was that they switched water sources also.
           | It's not clear to me that "new source + additive" would have
           | been as non-corrosive as "old source".
           | 
           | Edit: The article has a chart that says just one additive
           | would have improved things, but still left the water 3.5x
           | more corrosive than the original water source: https://www.ma
           | terialsperformance.com/uploads/images/Articles...
        
             | [deleted]
        
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