[HN Gopher] Campagnolo's revolutionary new gearing system from 1946
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Campagnolo's revolutionary new gearing system from 1946
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 98 points
       Date   : 2021-11-13 06:42 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cyclingtips.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cyclingtips.com)
        
       | top_sigrid wrote:
       | While this is amazing, I keep wondering, why - even though in the
       | 1940s - they didn't come up with the idea of a chain tensioner to
       | compensate for different sprocket sizes. Instead they used this
       | wheel suspension quick release mechanism which needed to be
       | operated while driving, which just seems insane.
       | 
       | Weren't chain propelled systems a thing in other machines back
       | then and a chain tensioner a known solution? Or were they just
       | not suitable for a bike back then for some reason? Does anybody
       | know something about this?
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Dropouts without chain tensioning slot were simply unheard of
         | at the time and if you happen to be the inventor of the quick
         | release it's not really surprising that you make it a key
         | element of the shifting process.
         | 
         | I was wondering for a while about the purpose of the teeth on
         | the axle/dropout, because clearly with bearings between cogs
         | and axle there's no way to force the wheel forwards pulling on
         | the chain (you force the wheel backwards for higher tension by
         | applying a little braking force), but the teeth on the axle are
         | what makes the movement in the dropout symmetric, so your wheel
         | will remain aligned to the frame center line. Really clever!
        
         | jzwinck wrote:
         | It's because there was no freewheel. A chain tensioner only
         | works well when there is driving force applied in one
         | direction, not the other. Put any force backward into the
         | pedals (e.g. to slow down) and the tensioner will be forced to
         | its most slack position (or broken off).
        
           | mauvehaus wrote:
           | The article describes it as four sprockets on a freehub. One
           | would hope that cyclingtips.com would get that fairly
           | material detail correct.
           | 
           | It also mentions the rider having to pedal backwards to shift
           | the chain among the sprockets. That would not be possible on
           | a fixed hub without slowing to a stop and reversing. One
           | suspects that would rather negate any benefits of this system
           | over a flip-flop wheel.
        
             | jzwinck wrote:
             | The freehub was not invented for another 30 years. But I
             | see that the Cambio Corsa did have a freewheel (similar
             | idea). I was wrong to think it used four fixed gears. So
             | indeed it could have used a chain tensioner!
             | 
             | Video showing it in action (skip to the middle):
             | https://youtu.be/MQe0fLEQ2jY
        
               | mauvehaus wrote:
               | Yeah, I kind of let that one slide since it makes no
               | difference from the standpoint of somebody trying to
               | change gears while simultaneously not dying :-)
               | 
               | And let's be honest: it's entirely possible that the
               | author has never changed a cassette or freewheel or seen
               | a freewheel if they have. I'm almost 40, and I've only
               | ever seen freewheels on pretty old 10 and 12 speeds
               | (that's 2x5 and 2x6. Not a modern 1x drivetrain). And
               | only because I volunteered at a place that fixes up
               | bikes.
        
               | Cockbrand wrote:
               | I think there's a mixup between two things here. A
               | _freehub_ contains both the cassette body and the
               | _freewheel_. The former has been invented in the 1930s
               | and popularized by Shimano in the late 1970s [1], the
               | latter has been around since the 19th century [2].
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freehub
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewheel
        
               | ptha wrote:
               | Just a link skipping to the gear change:
               | https://youtu.be/MQe0fLEQ2jY?t=165
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | At the risk of this turning into an episode of Connections
           | with James Burke playing out in text, why was there no
           | freewheel at that point in time yet?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | There was, the article mentions the cyclist having to pedal
             | backwards in order to allow the chain slack to be taken up
             | when gearing 'up' (smaller sprocket). That would be
             | impossible without a freewheel, unless they mean to say
             | 'exert some pressure backwards' rather than backwards
             | pedaling, I don't see how a fixed linkage would be
             | compatible with this system, it would behave terribly bad
             | during a gear change because the system would always be
             | under tension.
             | 
             | Freewheels were in use in the tour since 1936 at least, and
             | possibly even earlier:
             | 
             | https://hizokucycles.bigcartel.com/single-speed-history
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | A cycling historian could clear up whether freewheels were
           | allowed in racing during that time period. They were
           | forbidden in the original Tour of France. Variable gearing
           | already existed, in enclosed gear hubs, and remained a
           | preferred choice for non competition cycling for at least
           | into the earl 1970s.
        
             | ubermonkey wrote:
             | Worldwide, enclosed-gear hubs are STILL vastly more popular
             | than derailleur-style gearing implementations, btw.
             | 
             | They're part of what we might call the divide between
             | "cycling" and "riding a bicycle." The cycling hobby is
             | mostly about go-fast or go-far for its own sake, but in
             | much of the world a bicycle is just transportation. In
             | those places, you trade away efficiency or speed or weight
             | in favor of the "it just works forever" bulletproof-ness
             | that the enclosed hub provides.
        
               | yodelshady wrote:
               | Given a totally free choice, I'd love to try building up
               | a racing frame with a modern hub gear. All those moving
               | parts exposed to road grime, gone.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Well you can do it if you have the money. They're
               | slightly less efficient than a regular cassette and
               | derailleur, but if you're not racing it probably doesn't
               | make much difference.
               | 
               | https://www.rohloff.de/en/products/speedhub
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | The gravel sub-genre has spawned a few frames built for
               | the Pinion drive gearing solution (located in the bottom
               | breaker area, like a central ebike motor, started by car
               | gearbox engineers). Arguably that could be considered the
               | next level of hub gears.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | I have only personally had two serious failures of a
               | bicycle transmission system, and both were on a rather
               | new high end Rohloff hub. One was a mechanical failure
               | (seal failure causing an oil leak). The other was a
               | complete e-shifting failure caused by the most excellent
               | engineers at Bosch's failure to allow the shifting system
               | to operate independently of the ebike drive.
               | 
               | (The latter is such a severe design error that I think no
               | one should purchase the Bosch+Rohloff system until or
               | unless it gets fixed. Use something else. An ebike is not
               | a car, and it should be operable as a rider-powered
               | bicycle even in the event of an electrical fault.)
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Indeed, my daily driver is a Sturmey Archer AW from 1963.
               | But I must say, contemporary derailleur systems with
               | indexed shifting work pretty darn well.
        
               | ubermonkey wrote:
               | They need maintenance that sealed-hub bikes can mostly do
               | without, though.
               | 
               | My road bike has SRAM eTap on it. It's beautiful, sleek,
               | and shifts perfectly almost every time. BUT that
               | performance starts to suffer if I let the drive train get
               | dirty, especially if I let gunk accumulate on the jockey
               | wheels.
               | 
               | Your Sturmey can be ridden without such concerns. I mean,
               | I'd never be able to keep up on my group rides on it, but
               | for a general use bicycle it's probably superior.
        
           | top_sigrid wrote:
           | Ok, this makes perfectly sense and is actually quite easy to
           | understand. Thanks from a mechanical noob.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | This is the thing that seemed most crazy to me. They are
         | actually adjusting the wheel in the dropout whilst zipping
         | along in a scrunched over position. Seems like if you messed up
         | couldn't the axle pop out of the dropout with horrendous
         | results?!
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Likely, if they didn't include some equivalent of "lawyer
           | tabs" on the dropout. Compared to the general level of risk-
           | taking of doing things like competitively descending Galibier
           | or Tourmalet on wooden rims that added risk is probably a
           | rounding error.
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | My father had one of those bikes when he was 20. He told me
           | that he never managed to switch gear uphill like pros. He
           | always had to stop, switch gear and start again. So it was
           | not easy to master.
        
       | usrusr wrote:
       | Pardon the climb nerd-out, but about that historical photo that
       | claims to show Bartali climbing Galibier in the 1948 Tour de
       | France: the horizon line in the background doesn't strike me as
       | any you could see on the Galibier ascent. And according to that
       | year's stage plan, Galibier was the first climb of the day and
       | you'll have a hard time finding any spot in the climb were the
       | rider would climb left to right through a view like that with the
       | morning from that angle.
        
       | lonelyasacloud wrote:
       | Given the UCI's normal pace of innovation it's somewhat
       | surprising that pro cyclists aren't still stuck with this.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Two words: disc brakes.
        
           | TremendousJudge wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure that they don't run disc brakes because they
           | are too heavy
        
             | gerbilly wrote:
             | Also disc brakes can give you brake fade. I have a
             | hydraulic disc with a 203mm rotor, and even that huge disk
             | sometimes fades on long descents.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | The advantage of disc brakes on the medium to high end
               | _consumer_ road bike, however, is that you wear out the
               | cheap and consumable pads and rotor, not the rims on what
               | might be a $2000-by-itself 700c wheelset.
               | 
               | the large bike manufacturer sponsors of the pro teams of
               | course want their team to ride the equipment that they're
               | selling to consumers as the current and next model year.
               | or at least something that very closely resembles it and
               | sells for $2500+ at retail. look at how many trek carbon
               | fiber madones were sold to enthusiastic amateurs during
               | the peak armstrong years.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | I'll take brake fade over rim brakes overheating the
               | tubular glue and my tire rolls off, which has happened in
               | the past on several occasions in pro races. Even on
               | clinchers that stay attached to the rim, I've had rim
               | brakes get kinda fady on long descents. It's not the same
               | as disc fade (probably because the causes are different),
               | but a bit unnerving nonetheless.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | They do run disc brakes because it's been forced on
             | everybody. The weight is irrelevant when you already have
             | to find ways to make the bike heavy enough to meet the
             | minimum limit.
        
               | lonelyasacloud wrote:
               | "The weight is irrelevant when you already have to find
               | ways to make the bike heavy enough to meet the minimum
               | limit."
               | 
               | Exactly, and the minimum weight limitation comes from :-)
        
       | danw1979 wrote:
       | > Early indications suggest the highly complex and somewhat
       | controversial system consists of two levers mounted on the rear
       | of the frame. The longer of these two levers operates the rear
       | wheel quick-release retention mechanism. The shorter lever guides
       | the bicycle chain across a revolutionary four sprocket cluster on
       | the rear freehub.
       | 
       | An interestingly early example of a dangerous "dark UI".
        
       | prova_modena wrote:
       | I own a late 40s Italian bicycle equipped with Cambio Corsa. It's
       | now a display piece because I don't want to maintain the glued on
       | tubular tires or risk breaking something irreplaceable. However
       | in the past I have taken it out on a couple short, flat rides to
       | test the system, enough to make a couple observations about using
       | it.
       | 
       | When changing gears, it doesn't feel like there is much risk of
       | the wheel slipping forward out of the dropouts. The dropouts
       | themselves are angled up and back, which helps prevent that.
       | Also, when changing gears you are sitting back, putting weight on
       | the seat and changing the weight distribution of the bike to
       | favor the rear. This also counteracts the tendency of the wheel
       | to come forward. The action of the chain only pulls the axle
       | forward in the dropouts when shifting to a lower gear (higher
       | tooth count cog on the freewheel, closer to the wheel spokes).
       | There isn't much risk of "overshifting" the chain to a point
       | where it will pull the axle out of the dropouts, simply because
       | the chain would just contact the spokes or a spoke protector and
       | slide back down into gear (unless something is really broken).
       | 
       | Also, you can see from the photos in the article how differently
       | the dimensions of racing bicycle frames were fitted to riders
       | back then. Modern racing bikes tend to have a lot of seatpost
       | extension and longer handlebar stems, which shift the rider's
       | weight forward on the bike. A simplified explanation is that this
       | improves aerodynamics and certain handling characteristics, at
       | the cost of requiring the rider have better core strength and
       | flexibility. In contrast, the photos in the article show typical
       | mid-20th century bicycle fit, with much less seatpost extension
       | and shorter stems. Compared to modern racers, Coppi and Bartali
       | sit father back, with their butt closer to the top tube. This
       | puts the Cambio Corsa system in closer reach and the weight
       | distribution has a more stable, rearward bias. The action of
       | reaching back to change gears would feel treacherous and
       | destabilizing on a modern racing bike, but would be a bit more
       | comfortable on the bikes of the time.
       | 
       | This is all said with the big caveat that I have never ridden my
       | Cambio Corsa bike in a long distance or competitive scenario.
       | Undoubtedly it's still a challenging system to master. I can
       | imagine the extreme difficulty of operating it on the unpaved,
       | bumpy climbs typical of that era.
       | 
       | Edit: Here is a link to scans of the original patent drawings for
       | the Cambio Corsa. It shows the mechanical details- click on the
       | "Pages" tab to see all the scanned pages of the patent.
       | 
       | https://www.disraeligears.co.uk/site/french_patent_899402_-_...
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | 'Cambio Corsa' -> exchange while on the course, in case you were
       | wondering. The lack of idler gears is the interesting part
       | because that makes this a very efficient system. Once it is in a
       | particular gear there is no difference between just having the
       | one gear other than a little bit of extra weight. Derailleurs
       | with idler gears were already in use in the TDF long before this.
       | The lack of a detent before the rear wheel can drop out would
       | give me the willies about operating this system at any speed, you
       | are supposed to peddle forward while changing the gear to a
       | smaller gear ratio (larger rear gear), and backwards when gearing
       | 'up' to maintain constant chain tension.
       | 
       | Modern idlers are quite efficient, but back then the materials
       | science that allowed both a light weight idler wheel yet strong
       | enough and friction free to be 'in play' all the time wasn't
       | really there yet, derailleur itself had been invented decades
       | ago. But that didn't take all that long though, a few years later
       | technology had caught up.
       | 
       | See:
       | 
       | https://www.velonews.com/gear/road-gear/how-tour-de-france-e...
       | 
       | Which I think is a much better article on the subject.
       | 
       | https://www.disraeligears.co.uk/site/who_invented_the_derail...
        
       | freediver wrote:
       | Also back in the day, bicycles didn't have the freehub on the
       | read wheel, so going downhill meant you always had to turn pedals
       | to match wheel speed, no exception, you couldn't just stop and
       | idle like today.
       | 
       | Proud owner of a Campagnolo groupset on a custom made bicycle,
       | wanted it for heritage reasons.
        
         | giva wrote:
         | I think they did have a freewheel however. Here's some footage
         | from 1946:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/k0AUknbBZ3U
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Freewheel was a thing by the 1890s.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | This is how track bikes work. It's quite a shock the first time
         | you go to a velodrome if you've never ridden one before.
        
           | xchaotic wrote:
           | also proper fixie/messenger bikes. I used to use one when
           | commuting in London, due to low price it was relatively
           | unattractive to bike thieves and it was very simple to
           | maintain - no brakes, no gears (you had to skid/backpedal to
           | stop quickly)
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | This was mostly a fashion thing though, super dangerous and
             | illegal in traffic to boot. You _really_ shouldn 't drive a
             | fixed gear bicycle in traffic unless you have at least one
             | and better yet two additional brakes. But according to
             | purists that spoils the lines of their bikes, apparently
             | fashion trumps safety.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | Yeah, I rode one for years when I was younger but stopped
             | due to issues with my knee. I ride a dutch style bike with
             | an internal hub on the rear these days, but do miss how the
             | track bike is so light and fluid once you're used to it. It
             | becomes like an appendage instead of being a bike you ride.
             | 
             | For anyone unfamiliar the reason they're popular with
             | messengers and such is in urban traffic it becomes very
             | smooth and simple to keep pace with the cars surrounding
             | you. And some people just ride them because they like doing
             | the skid stop or bar spins or such. These days messengers
             | favor hot rod e-bikes though because they're just
             | dramatically faster and that directly corresponds to more
             | income.
        
             | sleavey wrote:
             | Didn't they get banned or there was a campaign to ban them
             | after someone was killed by someone riding a fixie, in
             | London?
        
               | andylynch wrote:
               | You're probably thinking of Charle Alliston who killed
               | someone on Old St and got 18 months for it - to be road
               | legal, fixed-gear bikes must still have a front brake,
               | and have at least since the fifties, A fixed gear counts
               | as a back brake but you must have two for redundancy.
        
               | de_keyboard wrote:
               | Charlie Alliston should have been using a front brake,
               | but a few things got lost in the media frenzy:
               | 
               | - More pedestrians are killed by motor vehicle than bikes
               | in London BY FAR
               | 
               | - More cyclists are killed by motor vehicles than bikes
               | in London BY FAR
               | 
               | - More motorists are killed by motor vehicles than bikes
               | in London BY FAR
               | 
               | It was incredibly depressing to watch people spend so
               | much attention on one (pretty rare!) case rather the real
               | sources of road danger in the city.
        
               | saila wrote:
               | On top of that, the associated pollution kills far more
               | people, contributes to climate change, and causes tons of
               | respiratory illness.
        
               | oriolid wrote:
               | It's not news when dog bites man. And based on Wikipedia,
               | it seems that men bite dogs more often than cyclist kill
               | other people in accidents.
        
               | xchaotic wrote:
               | This. Most cyclist fatalities in London are caused by
               | Heavy Good Vehicles illegally overtaking and then turning
               | and therefore trapping the poor cyclist in the blind
               | spot. Nothing to do with the wheel hub design or bicycle
               | braking system.
        
             | matsemann wrote:
             | Tried the same in Norway, the hills absolutely destroyed me
             | haha. Going up was hard because of no gearing. Going down
             | was even harder, a struggle of working against the pedals
             | to not spin too fast.
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | Yeah. Apparently, it's pretty common to lock your rear leg
           | when sitting down after a sprint. This is... not advisable on
           | a track bike, and one of the things that needs to be trained
           | out of riders in the track class.
        
       | Lio wrote:
       | Gino Bartali, mentioned in the article, has the most amazing back
       | story.
       | 
       | He used his bike training to smuggle secret documents for the
       | Italian Resistance and was awarded Righteous Among the Nations
       | for helping Jews escape the Nazis.
       | 
       | Like many he stayed quite about his wartime exploits and was only
       | recognised for them after his death.
       | 
       | A quite remarkable man.
        
         | gpderetta wrote:
         | Thanks for the pointer, I did not know about that. From his
         | wiki page:
         | 
         | "The good is done, but it is not said. And certain medals hang
         | on the soul, not on the jacket".
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | My two favorite largely unknown cycling stories from history
         | are (1) this one and (b) the story of Major Taylor.
        
           | 1-more wrote:
           | I'm in the middle of The Fastest Man in the World about
           | Taylor right now. It's a gripping read, and it does a lot to
           | tie in the politics of the era, what the bicycle boom meant
           | for New York before the advent of the personal car, and the
           | wider ripple effects of the bicycle boom such as on the Free
           | State of the Congo.
           | 
           | My fun fact about Taylor is this: In November 1898 he set a
           | world record 1/4 mile time at 22.2s averaging 40.5 mph. The
           | earliest land speed record by a car that I could find (on
           | wikipedia so I'm not that thorough) was set by an electric
           | car(!) on Dec 18 1898 at 39.245 mph. So he threw down a
           | gauntlet and a month later cars failed to pick it up. A hero
           | in the war on cars.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | > and was only recognised for them after his death.
         | 
         | Yeah, that was a painful day when you considered yourself a
         | Coppist ;) "damn, turns out the other guy was even more
         | awesome!"
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | I always thought of myself as a big Coppi fan too.
           | 
           | When you look at riders like Bartali, Coppi or Monsieur
           | Jacques the only thing I can conclude is that these guys led
           | more "interesting" lives back then.
        
       | CalChris wrote:
       | My favorite modern shifting tech is SRAM's Force 22 Yaw front
       | derailleur. Well ok, index shifting is there too.
       | 
       | Yaw rotates the front derailleur cage slightly as you shift
       | rings. This keeps the cage inline with the chainline and makes
       | for a quiet FD with no trimming necessary.
       | 
       | It's supposed to be Force 22 specific but I have SRAM SL700 2x10
       | and Shimano 105 10s cranks on that bike. I installed it but then
       | had my LBS adjust it.
       | 
       | It is the first FD I've ever had that I like.
        
       | suprfnk wrote:
       | > Furthermore, from our calculations, _this is the most advanced
       | a racing bicycle will ever be or can ever be._ The very nature of
       | the 1 /8'' wide sprockets means four is the maximum one freehub
       | can carry.
       | 
       | Ah, the "640k ought to be enough for anybody" of the bicycling
       | world. These days you can get 13 speed on the back derailleur
       | alone -- not even taking into account the front derailleur.
        
         | xchaotic wrote:
         | yup - even Campagnolo's own EKAR is 1x13
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Well, if you do go to 13, you _are_ not taking into account any
         | front derailleur. True for both the wire-operated tredici as
         | well as the hydraulic trece.
        
         | devb wrote:
         | That was written to be tongue in cheek. This is not actually
         | copy written in the 1940s.
         | 
         | > this is to be enjoyed and imagined, not taken for fact. Read
         | with a speedy wartime radio advert voice.
        
         | stefs wrote:
         | one of the more recent developments is combining a rear
         | derailleur with a internal gear hub (both electronically and
         | wirelessly shifted) and a single front chainring. some upsides,
         | some downsides, but definitely something to watch.
        
           | mcntsh wrote:
           | Actually, internal gear hubs predate the derailer system, but
           | in the past 20 years IGHs have gotten much better and are
           | making a come back.
        
             | stefs wrote:
             | yes, i meant combining an IGH with a rear derailer (instead
             | of a front derailer). afaik there's only one supplier of
             | those currently (and the system is a bit half-baked, i.e.
             | no DI2 compatibility for reusing the existing shifters).
        
             | hocuspocus wrote:
             | The biggest issue is the complexity, weight and poor
             | efficiency compared to a derailleur. And also fewer and
             | unevenly graded gears, though that's probably less true
             | with Pinion hubs.
             | 
             | It's not that hard to avoid shifting under heavy load
             | (higher-end IGHs shift fine under _some_ load). And on a
             | commuter bike, being able to shift gears at a standstill is
             | _great_.
             | 
             | Edit: you completely changed the content of your message
             | and my reply doesn't make a lot of sense now.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Both Rohloff and Shimano have been making pretty sturdy
               | internal gear hubs for a long time, efficiency is
               | fantastic. Ditto for the venerable Sturmey Archer
               | internal gear hub, which goes back to the dark ages.
               | 
               | Efficiency sucks for the continuous variable kind, like
               | the Enviolo and other variations on that theme.
        
               | hocuspocus wrote:
               | With the Shimano 8 and 11 speed hubs you can tell that
               | some gears have a poor efficiency, it's really
               | noticeable!
               | 
               | Apparently the Pinion and Rohloff fare better: https://bi
               | keshed.johnhoogstrate.nl/bicycle/drivetrain/shiman...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I have a Shimano 8 here, which gears do you notice this
               | with? I'd love to see if I can replicate that.
        
               | hocuspocus wrote:
               | The gear #4 is really bad especially in comparison with
               | the #5 (the 1:1, direct-drive gear).
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Ok, thank you!
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | I think Sturmey Archer is no more except in name so don't
               | expect quality from new SA stuff.
        
               | mcntsh wrote:
               | I find the shifting in the IGHs to be super annoying
               | because it destroys your cadence. You have to stop
               | peddling, then shift, then start peddling again.
               | Weight/efficiency are also definitely noticeable.
               | 
               | Complexity is a weird thing. For the vast majority of
               | owners the most you'll need to do is change the oil every
               | 10k kilometers, but for the unlucky ones that do need it
               | serviced, that requires shipping your hub across the
               | world.
               | 
               | I'm hoping that their growing popularity improves the
               | technology and makes them cheaper. I tour bikes as a
               | hobby and make pretty okay money, but I still can't
               | justify the price point of a Rohloff system.
        
           | hocuspocus wrote:
           | It's not a particularly recent idea, I believe Brompton has
           | been doing that for decades. And it fills a very specific
           | niche.
           | 
           | On most bikes I don't really see the point.
           | 
           | Either you want the convenience of an internal gear hub and
           | you have plenty of options that offer a pretty wide range.
           | For instance the Nexus/Alfine 8 feels plenty enough for a
           | commuter bike even if you live in a hilly place. If you're
           | rich you can go with an Alfine 11, Rohloff, or Pinion.
           | 
           | Or you don't want the weight/cost/inefficiency, nowadays you
           | can get affordable and reliable 1x10 or 1x11 groupsets. And
           | of course on a proper road bike you'll still want a double
           | chainring.
        
             | stefs wrote:
             | that combination system i've been talking about is for
             | proper road bikes.
             | 
             | > And of course on a proper road bike you'll still want a
             | double chainring.
             | 
             | why? the IGH replaces the front double chainring. weight
             | and price might be a bit higher but it's probably more
             | robust, less maintenance and you can shift under full load.
             | 
             | https://cyclingtips.com/2020/07/this-rear-hub-
             | has-2x-wireles...
        
               | hocuspocus wrote:
               | I wasn't aware!
               | 
               | Still, I'll believe it when I see it at amateur cycling
               | clubs. At pro-level I don't think anyone would take the
               | performance hit (even though they claim it's compensated)
               | just to avoid having a front derailleur.
               | 
               | For gravel, cyclocross or even casual road biking, if a
               | double chainring really bothers you, then 1x12 groupsets
               | exist.
               | 
               | Edit: https://www.rosebikes.com/rose-backroad-
               | classified-2x11-2696...
               | 
               | Nice bike but the price bump compared to the other
               | electric-shifting models is pretty steep!
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | The Brompton system is ... weird. Owing to the fact that
             | the bike folds and the length of the chain line changes
             | dramatically when you fold it, a traditional parallelogram
             | linkage derailleur wouldn't work.
             | 
             | Instead, they have a crazy custom thing that runs the chain
             | through a little pivoting fork that shifts the chain left
             | and right on the two speed freewhatever[0]. The six speed
             | adds the three speed internally geared hub. You can also
             | get one or the other alone.
             | 
             | I believe they developed that combination when the supply
             | of 5 speed hubs that fit their highly non-standard read hub
             | spacing dried up.
             | 
             | I have a two speed Brompton and love it, but their
             | engineers are next-level crazy in the best possible way.
             | 
             | [0] I wouldn't even care to guess. Everything they do is
             | insane.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | >The very founder of the Tour de France bicycle event himself,
       | Henri Desgrange, deplored such technology. "I still feel that
       | variable gears are only for people over forty-five," he said.
       | "Isn't it better to triumph by the strength of your muscles than
       | by the artifice of a derailleur? We are getting soft. Come on,
       | fellows."
       | 
       | In my teen-age years in 198x USSR i, like pretty much everybody
       | there back then, had a fixie because "sport" bicycle with gears
       | cost double (64 vs. 130 rubles with engineer salary being 200),
       | and i envied the lucky few "sport" owners especially when i had
       | to cycle my fixie uphill :). Now living in US I was really
       | surprised how fixies became the trend as supposedly being
       | superior to the gears.
        
         | angled wrote:
         | At the mere cost of destroying your knees...
        
           | oriolid wrote:
           | Citation needed.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Or the lives of other users of the commons.
        
         | spamizbad wrote:
         | The irony is that a version of this exists today: Lance
         | Armstrong teased Chris Froome's larger rear cassette (Froome
         | used lower ratios on climbs to maintain a higher pedaling
         | cadence)
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | It's a fashion statement, nothing more than that. Like a towel,
         | when a man has a fixed gear bicycle others will immediately
         | assume the presence of expendable income, a recent model
         | iPhone, a loft apartment and a high bandwidth connection.
        
           | oriolid wrote:
           | Also, if a man passes you on a climb with a fixed gear bike,
           | you should assume that they could do it faster on a geared
           | bike.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That won't happen because I'll be doing it faster on a
             | geared bike ;)
        
           | TremendousJudge wrote:
           | I'm told fixed gear bicycles are very fun to ride as well
        
             | rhinoceraptor wrote:
             | It's like the difference between driving a manual
             | transmission versus driving an automatic. You're way more
             | connected to the machine, especially when you're out in the
             | country where it's quiet, because fixed gears are a lot
             | quieter than normal bikes.
             | 
             | There are a lot of cliches people use to describe it, but
             | you just kind of have to experience it to get it.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's the difference between driving a regular car and one
               | without a gearbox, brakes and clutch, in other words, not
               | something suitable for use in traffic.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | Not necessarily "better", just different.
         | 
         | There is no one bike that will excel in all conditions. If you
         | live somewhere relatively flat then trading off the flexibility
         | for the reliability, low cost and light weight of a derailleur
         | free gearing system might be worth it.
         | 
         | Same goes for hub gears. You trade heavier weight and
         | efficiency for not having the gear box exposed.
         | 
         | Personally I like the rang of a compact crank and a double up
         | front when on tarmac or gravel and a 1x when on single track
         | but that's just me.
        
       | jjt-yn_t wrote:
       | bicycle [expense] [luxury] phrase from the 1970s: "full campy"
        
       | jamesfisher wrote:
       | Yet another website to add the user-scalable=0 sin bin
        
       | Cockbrand wrote:
       | Bicycle gear shifting technology has come a long way since then,
       | with very reliable, even electronic systems. But we're still
       | messing with dirty, grubby chains that need to be maintained
       | properly and are worn out after 5000km at best. I think that the
       | bicycle drivetrain is quite rife for disruption. Someone has yet
       | to solve the problem of efficiency - a new drivetrain is supposed
       | to have less than 1% power loss. But a new concept could really
       | change the entire industry, and it's quite a big industry.
        
         | gertrunde wrote:
         | I recall reading about https://www.ceramicspeed.com a few years
         | back, which sounds a bit like what you're describing, but I've
         | no idea how much it has/hasn't taken off.
        
           | Cockbrand wrote:
           | I've seen this, but while I muchly appreciate the creativity
           | and engineering effort, it doesn't seem sturdy enough to be
           | practical. Also, it's huge and still very exposed. It might
           | even in its current incarnation be feasible on a road bike,
           | but surely not on an MTB or gravel bike which may become
           | dirty and muddy. The website seems not to have been updated
           | since 2019, so I assume development is at least on a hiatus,
           | if it hasn't ceased at all:
           | https://www.ceramicspeed.com/en/cycling/d3
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | I found a link from 2021 essentially saying they've gone
             | nowhere since 2019.
             | 
             | https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ceramicspeed-driven-
             | opens-u...
        
         | top_sigrid wrote:
         | Totally agree. Drive belts are becoming a thing more and more,
         | which I would deem to be a disruption. Far less maintainence is
         | needed, no oil involved, no chain links, they last way longer
         | than chains etc.
         | 
         | But these obviously only work on single speeds or enclosed-gear
         | hubs. For derailleur-style gearing a change away from chains
         | with the properties you described would actually really be a
         | good thing, although I do not see it coming. With regards to
         | power loss, chains get better and better, though.
        
           | jgys wrote:
           | They also only work with frames that have been specially
           | designed to allow fitting a belt, as I understand it. Chains
           | can be easily broken and joined in the shop (or even on the
           | roadside), but not so with belts, so the frame must come
           | apart to get the belt going through the rear triangle, which
           | substantially complicates frame building and design.
           | 
           | I don't mean to suggest this tradeoff isn't worthwhile to
           | people who want clean, low-maintenance bicycle drivetrains
           | for working or commuting, but the extra cost of manufacturing
           | makes it harder to persuade cost-conscious consumers.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | These days you have Veer who offer a split belt that unlike
             | the closed loop Gates belt can also be used with closed
             | frames. But they still need to be manufactured to a
             | specific length, unlike chains which are sold one size
             | easily adjusted to all.
        
             | top_sigrid wrote:
             | This is true and a good point, but: It is hopefully only a
             | matter of time until belts can also be joined and opened.
             | Veers split belt [1] system already does this, hopefully
             | this becomes more common, so the need for a belt specific
             | bike-frame disappears.
             | 
             | - [1] https://www.veercycle.com/products/split-belt-pro
             | 
             | Edit: As pointed out in another comment, the fixed size of
             | a belt remains though, unlike with a chain.
        
           | Cockbrand wrote:
           | Absolutely! For commuter bikes, a belt drive is fantastic in
           | it being very clean and low maintenance. And it's amazing how
           | smooth the ride feels compared to a chain drive. But as you
           | said, it's either single speed or has a gear hub with less
           | efficiency.
        
             | dont__panic wrote:
             | And for touring as well -- nothing like completely
             | eliminating chain lube and cleaning equipment from your
             | panniers. Plus, drive belts last something like 10-20k
             | miles, so the price difference quickly pays off. Plus you
             | don't have to worry about anything snagging on and breaking
             | a derailleur, and belts work better in cold conditions,
             | too.
             | 
             | I see them as the drivetrain equivalent of disc brakes --
             | sure, rim brakes are still around. But the tradeoffs are so
             | worthwhile that you effectively can't buy a high-end bike
             | with rim brakes any more (disclaimer: I know that certain
             | touring bikes come with cantis by default, but they're
             | rarer and rarer each year).
             | 
             | The only difference I see is that internal shifter hubs can
             | cost 5-10% efficiency compared to derailleurs. In the
             | commuting and touring communities, that's no big deal --
             | it's comparable to dynamo loss, which is considered a
             | totally acceptable tradeoff for always-on lights in those
             | communities.
             | 
             | But in the racing community, chains will probably stick
             | around for a long time, at least until internal hubs lose
             | that efficiency loss. There's just too much to lose in that
             | 5-10% for racers, even if it's totally worth it for me.
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | A company called "Dana" made crank-mounted 10-speed internal
         | transmissions for bikes in the 60's and 70's. They also had a
         | 3-speed that was more popular. I had an opportunity to work on
         | one in the early 80's, similar to the one pictured in Fred
         | DeLong's seminal book on bicycle repair. It weighed a ton and
         | was extremely labor intensive.
         | 
         | Granted, we have access to better materials today, but the
         | cost/complexity cannot compete with the weight, simplicity, and
         | rapid repairability of chain+derailleurs.
        
         | mitchbob wrote:
         | With a chain case that fully encloses the chain to keep it
         | clean together with an oil bath to keep it lubed, a
         | conventional bicycle chain can last almost forever. But as it's
         | been done in the past, this approach adds quite a bit of weight
         | and makes getting off the rear wheel to repair flats and
         | replace tires much harder. If there's a way to keep the good
         | parts of this and address the shortcomings, it would be real
         | progress.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | In addition, if you have an old Sturmey Archer hub, it
           | automatically lubricates the chain by leaking oil.
           | 
           | I've thought about how to make a modern practical chain case.
        
         | xadhominemx wrote:
         | It's not going to happen. Bicycle drivetrains are a very simple
         | system and the engineering is very mature. The trade offs of
         | alternative systems are well understood and have been for
         | decades. Most innovation these days is finding ways to reduce
         | the cost of well understood means of improving efficiency, eg
         | reducing mass.
        
           | toqy wrote:
           | I was looking at one of these[1], which is both more complex
           | and heavier. I liked the idea of it being potentially lower
           | maintenance though, and just the cool factor of having
           | something unusual.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.prioritybicycles.com/products/the600
        
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