[HN Gopher] Apple isn't patching all the security holes in older...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Apple isn't patching all the security holes in older versions of
       macOS
        
       Author : fahd777
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2021-11-14 08:17 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | KptMarchewa wrote:
       | They are offering free upgrades to newer versions of operating
       | system instead. The only case where you're not getting it is when
       | your laptop has been EOLed by Apple, which is effectively the
       | same thing.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | To note, 32bit compat has been discontinued with Catalina, so
         | people who kept an old version around for that purpose are SOL.
         | 
         | Moving to a virtualized instance is an option, but then I
         | wonder how PITA it is to keep the virtual one secure.
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | What are these 32-bit apps people seem to keep running?
           | 
           | If they are games, Boot Camp is an option on Intel macs, and
           | CrossOver [1] is an option on Apple Silicon.
           | 
           | https://applesilicongames.com/games
        
             | wl wrote:
             | WXtoImg is what I miss the most. There's a long tail of
             | unsupported old software with unique capabilities.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | I personally gave up on an old Lightroom version that was
             | pre-CS cloud, and could see more professional people
             | clinging to specific version of apps for whatever reason
             | (private plugins, specific Apple scripts, standardized
             | manual procedures etc.).
             | 
             | There must also be enterprise software that still weren't
             | recompiled or the vendor went under or threw the towel.
             | 
             | Those are a minority, but sadly we see that on every
             | breaking change.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | I'll say it: macOS is in decline.
       | 
       | It used to be we would pay a premium for slightly less good
       | hardware, just to run the macOS.
       | 
       | Now, we buy hardware that is world-leading, and sponsor people to
       | try to get Linux running on it so we can flee the mess that is
       | macOS.
        
       | hyperstar wrote:
       | Naive question: why is it that the newest version of macos
       | doesn't run on older machines? (The solution is, of course, to
       | install Linux on them.)
        
         | Laforet wrote:
         | Lack of drivers, or the newer OS may require a specific
         | instruction set or feature not present on older hardware.
        
           | hyperstar wrote:
           | But why don't they just keep the drivers etc. from the
           | previous version? This doesn't seem to be a problem for
           | Linux.
        
             | Laforet wrote:
             | Linux would also require drivers to be recompiled for a new
             | kernel. This is not an option for most proprietary drivers
             | for products long abandoned by the manufacturer.
             | 
             | For the more common and popular hardware there is a good
             | chance that open source drivers can be maintained by the
             | community but if your laptop relies on a somewhat obscure
             | chipset or microcontroller then your mileage will vary...a
             | lot. Look up "Intel GMA500 Linux driver" if you need an
             | example of the pain.
             | 
             | Sometimes the decision could be entirely commercial. Most
             | notably, OSX dropped support for all nVidia GPUs from
             | Mojave onwards despite nVidia going on record saying they
             | are happy to continue providing drivers but Apple won't
             | sign them.
        
               | my123 wrote:
               | > Most notably, OSX dropped support for all nVidia GPUs
               | from Mojave onwards
               | 
               | Not those shipped with Macs. The GeForce kexts to support
               | the NVIDIA GPU gens that Apple shipped, Fermi and Kepler,
               | are still present even on Monterey.
        
               | Laforet wrote:
               | Apparently they will not be in the stable release of
               | Monterey though it is still possible to patch the drivers
               | in.
               | 
               | https://github.com/chris1111/Geforce-Kepler-patcher
               | 
               | Fermi was never supported beyond High Sierra IIRC.
        
               | my123 wrote:
               | Hm, your own link shows that NVDAGF100Hal.kext is present
               | though, so something for Fermi is _probably_ possible.
               | 
               | TIL that support for NV cards on Monterey is gone, it
               | definitely was there in the betas.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | kitsunesoba wrote:
             | macOS sees quite a lot of change under the hood from
             | release to release that can make bringing unmodified
             | drivers forward impractical. For example, in recent
             | releases there's been a push to move drivers away from the
             | kernel and into userspace, which is naturally going to
             | break old drivers. 32-bit support was also dropped not too
             | long ago, which broke old 32-bit drivers.
        
         | Joeri wrote:
         | Apple always drops software support for hardware when they stop
         | providing hardware repairs. They generally consider hardware
         | "vintage" 7 years after its introduction, but sometimes make
         | that longer. They drop support in new macos releases only but
         | they keep shipping updates to the two older releases as well.
         | This means in practice hardware gets about a decade of software
         | support, and the last two years of that without new features.
         | Since the reasons for dropping support usually aren't hard
         | technical limits the community makes patchers to put new macos
         | releases on older hardware.
         | 
         | To my knowledge Linux has never worked well on intel macs with
         | a T2 chip. Asahi linux is working on bringing good support to
         | m1 macs, so it looks like for good linux support you either
         | need a pre-T2 mac or a post-M1 mac.
        
         | ccouzens wrote:
         | It will depend on which MacOS dropped them.
         | 
         | Mojave for example dropped all Macs with GPUs incompatible with
         | their Metal API.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/features/2018/09/macos-10-14-mojave-...
         | 
         | The arstechnica MacOS reviews are good for working out
         | (sometimes resorting to speculation) what makes a Mac
         | unsupported.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | I think their main reason is that Apple is a hardware company.
         | They think of new features, build hardware for them, and then
         | tweak their software (OS and applications) to aggressively use
         | that new hardware.
         | 
         | Supporting older hardware is extra work that doesn't bring in
         | extra money. Also, oftentimes, it isn't possible to backport
         | features in a performant way (a lot of the ML stuff would only
         | crawl on 10 year old hardware, features such as Handoff and
         | PowerNap require hardware features). End result would be a 20
         | year old machine that runs the OS, but doesn't work with modern
         | software.
         | 
         | That wouldn't make customers happy, and would dilute the brand
         | of their OS releases.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | If Apple transitions to Apple silicon and is able to ditch a
         | bunch of legacy code, will they be able to manage it the future
         | better?
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | > _The simple solution for this problem is that Apple should
       | actually provide all of the security updates for all of the
       | operating systems that it is actively updating_
       | 
       | That's circular reasoning. The older operating systems are only
       | getting security updates, as the article notes, so their
       | definition of "actively updating" is "getting security updates".
       | When Apple isn't issuing security updates, it is not "actively
       | updating".
       | 
       | Maybe what the author wants to say is something along the lines
       | that Apple should provide timely security updates for all
       | operating systems released over the past 10-15 years.
        
       | thrower123 wrote:
       | Microsoft has spoiled us these many decades by providing patches
       | for out-of-support operating systems.
        
         | sys_64738 wrote:
         | It's their responsibility as they programmed allowing these
         | flaws to begin with. Companies that write software and EOL it
         | have a moral obligation to support it until the end of times,
         | or provide an upgrade path to keep it supported.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | If I recall ms was forced to do so because of the atrocious
         | security of windows
        
       | acd10j wrote:
       | I am still on Majove, and do not want to upgrade to Montery due
       | to Bugs like Memory leaks reported by people. I only have 4 gb
       | ram on macbook air. Will Montery work with 2015 macbook air with
       | only 4 gb ram without issue ?
        
       | godDLL wrote:
       | Please anyone, someone, does anyone think that these are all the
       | same company? Same culture? Same quality of software?
       | 
       | Apple releasing 10.4
       | 
       | Apple releasing 10.6
       | 
       | Apple releasing 10.11
       | 
       | Apple releasing 10.15
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | The amount of phone-home in the macOS these days is also
         | absolutely astounding. My new mbp16 has at least 4 different
         | processes talking to Apple Maps servers even with location
         | services disabled, and if you press F8 it sends the machine's
         | unchangeable hardware serial number to Apple (linking it to
         | your IP) without consent. (FWIW it also says on screen that it
         | is doing this when you press F8.)
        
           | godDLL wrote:
           | It that Maps functionality, or OS functionality? Can it be
           | remapped in Keyboard Shortcuts?
           | 
           | And most importantly, what the actual fuck?..
        
       | whywhywhywhy wrote:
       | Incredibly short sighted when they shipped so many laptops with
       | 128GB drives even till quite recently where upgrading is almost
       | impossible once you've been using the machine because even basic
       | apps and a few files push you beyond the limit required to
       | update.
       | 
       | Most of these laptops run at 2-4GB free space because MacOS
       | already takes up a ton of space and throw on a few electron apps
       | and its full.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | I pity the people who bought one of those thinking they could
         | install Xcode and still have room for a couple movies
         | afterwards.
        
         | salamandersauce wrote:
         | It's not even much better with 256GB. I thought I'd be fine as
         | I used to run Linux with 128GB and had loads of room. MacOS has
         | been very tight with 256GB
        
           | hmrr wrote:
           | I'm running a 256Gb mini. I have 100Gb free. That includes 25
           | years of carefully curated photos and videos. Depends what
           | you do with it and how wasteful you are with storage.
        
       | satellite2 wrote:
       | They are not even shipping root certificates in El Capitan (os
       | from 5 years ago) and there is no way to update them safely
       | without another computer. This is arguably the most important
       | aspect of the trust ecosystem and there is no way to browse
       | safely without those.
        
         | afandian wrote:
         | This caught out a family member. Until you said that I thought
         | it was user error. Gone are the days of recommending apple
         | because 'it just works'.
        
           | darthrupert wrote:
           | Which part of upgrading macos to a supported version is not
           | working?
        
             | afandian wrote:
             | The bit where Apple's OS tries to connect to Apple's update
             | servers, and can't authenticate because Apple switched to
             | an incompatible root CA.
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | Ah yeah, I've recently received for free an iMac running
               | Macos 10.9. It's simply impossible to upgrade; the only
               | proposed upgrade release is 10.11, the installation
               | starts then fails in a loop. Fortunately I don't actually
               | need to save anything from this machine, and I have
               | another Mac to download a newer OS installer, but that's
               | quite painful.
        
               | Reason077 wrote:
               | If it's a 2007/2008 model iMac then it will be able to
               | run 10.11 (El Capitan). If it's a Late 2009 iMac or newer
               | then it will be able to run at least 10.13 (High Sierra).
               | 
               | If the default/upgrade installation is failing then I'd
               | try creating a bootable installer on USB [1]. If it still
               | fails then try erasing the target drive first to do a
               | clean install (you can do this by running Disk Utility
               | from within the installer).
               | 
               | [1] Instructions here: https://support.apple.com/HT201372
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | It's a 2014 model, it can definitely run Macos 11. But as
               | it has been unused for the past few years, it hasn't been
               | upgraded and it's quite funny how utterly unusable it
               | became: very few websites work at all (certificates
               | problem), it's impossible to install any current
               | application because even Firefox LTS requires 10.13 or
               | so, and it's impossible to upgrade without using another
               | Mac to download the update tool. That's not very user-
               | friendly if you ask me :)
        
           | tuxone wrote:
           | To be fair El Capitan has been replaced by Sierra which is
           | compatible with machines that are more than 10 years old.
        
             | afandian wrote:
             | All I know is that they followed the default and ended up
             | being unable to even open the app store to update their OS.
             | Whatever OS support is available for whatever hardware,
             | Apple effectively orphaned that machine.
        
               | phicoh wrote:
               | I recently updated an old MacbookPro6,2 from Yosemite to
               | High Sierra and that was a complete disaster. Took me a
               | huge amount of time.
               | 
               | I think there two problems: the upgrade could not handle
               | the way the disk was partitioned (or something else).
               | Everything I tried kept failing until I removed the disk,
               | and completely wiped it. Discussions I found online were
               | not helpful.
               | 
               | The other part is the magic you need to download High
               | Sierra on a newer Macbook. It is not as if you can just
               | go to the Apple store and download it.
               | 
               | That said, I have been using Macbooks for work for the
               | last 10 years or so. They always get upgraded a couple of
               | times during their lifetimes. Usually not a big problem.
               | So I was quite surprised how bad it went.
        
               | chrisfinazzo wrote:
               | I needed to upgrade my Mom's MacBook (a 2017, bad
               | keyboard and all) to Catalina to make sure she could
               | still get updates for Office 2016.
               | 
               | This has since been replaced by an M1 Air and Office
               | 2021, but the migration was easier this way. Old versions
               | of macOS are listed at this URL, which is how I got a
               | link for the latest 10.15 installer.
               | 
               | https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211683
        
             | Toutouxc wrote:
             | AFAIK the youngest machine stuck on El Capitan (released 6
             | years ago, not 5) is a MacBook Air released 11 years and
             | one month ago. Anything newer is at least on High Sierra
             | (relased 4 years ago).
        
               | rkeene2 wrote:
               | Does Apple not charge for OS upgrades anymore ?
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | The last paid version was OS X Mountain Lion (10.8,
               | released 2012).
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | Why don't you consider downloading isrgrootx1.der from its
         | official source[1] and adding it to Keychain Access to be safe?
         | 
         | It's what I did on my machine running OS X 10.9. No second
         | computer required.
         | 
         | 1: https://letsencrypt.org/certificates/
        
           | satellite2 wrote:
           | Yes that's how you solve it. But you need the updated
           | certificate to view this website without warning, thus the
           | need for another computer.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | > But you need the updated certificate to view this website
             | without warning
             | 
             | I didn't. IIRC they did some whacky thing on their own site
             | such that it still worked in Chromium.
        
               | cmeacham98 wrote:
               | Doesn't Chromium use its own CA store, or is that
               | different on the OS X version?
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | Chromium uses its own HTTPS implementation but does not
               | currently use its own CA store. If it did, adding the
               | aforementioned certificate would not have fixed all of
               | the "Your Connection Is Not Private" errors I was
               | encountering previously. :)
        
               | garmaine wrote:
               | They would presumably use both.
        
             | gregoriol wrote:
             | Maybe with curl/wget?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Both of which will also need a certificate store
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Use the -k switch on curl to skip certificate
               | verification.
               | 
               | Use a phone, or a phone call to a trusted friend, to
               | verify the signature of the certificate.
               | 
               | Obviously not instructions you can give to an ordinary
               | user, but that line was crossed at curl.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | paul_h wrote:
       | I have pals that work at Apple, but they're not saying: I wonder
       | what branching model they are running for macOS/iOS.
        
       | sgt wrote:
       | I'm still running Mojave. Never found the time to upgrade.
       | Ridiculous, I know. Anyone else in the same boat?
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | I wish I could run Mojave or Catalina on my brand new 16". It
         | came with Monterey, which is ugly. Whoever thought light grey
         | text on dark grey background was a good or reasonable UI choice
         | should be fired.
         | 
         | It's the Windows XP Home of operating systems.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | The biggest thing preventing me from upgrading to Big Sur+ is
           | how ugly the UI is. Gone are the elegant, sleek windows of
           | old, replaced by bubbly flat sheets and weird, incongruous
           | menu systems. It feels like Apple was taking the piss out of
           | the GNOME desktop and then forgot to press the "we're just
           | joking" button before they shipped it.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | It's possible that the key product people that were
             | responsible for making macOS useful for those other than
             | the iPhone/YouTube generation have mostly moved on from
             | product leadership inside of Apple, whether due to changing
             | priorities, retirement, being sidelined inside of what I am
             | internally mentally referring to as Apple 3.0, or just
             | getting fed up with the tacky panhandler-esque push toward
             | services revenue at all costs, et c.
             | 
             | The GNOME comment is spot on. Unfortunately while the
             | screen and cpu/gpu/apu is amazing in the new M1P/M rMBP16,
             | it is also one of the ugliest laptops Apple has ever
             | shipped. (The best thing they did to the overall design of
             | the iPhone recently, hardware specs aside, was to go back
             | to making the rounded bubble 10/11 be like the 6 in the
             | 12/13, which, despite being an improvement, is a reversion
             | to the past. I also can't tell the difference in the design
             | of the 12 and 13.)
             | 
             | This seriously does not bode well for people who deeply
             | appreciate simple beauty in their daily-use tools.
             | 
             | I was spoiled over the last decade or so of my laptop being
             | of extremely high performance/quality AND ALSO completely
             | unnecessarily fucking gorgeous. Now it's an ugly grey
             | brick. I hope those days aren't over forever.
        
         | jkestner wrote:
         | Same. Mojave on one, Catalina on the other. Of course, because
         | these are unsupported Macs, upgrading involves OpenCore and
         | researching what potential quirks will arise with new OS
         | versions. I'm perfectly happy with Mojave, so why upgrade if it
         | means I probably have to get new hardware too?
         | 
         | The main thing that'll drive me to that is Xcode, which Apple
         | ties to macOS versions, so officially you can't develop for an
         | OS (macOS, iOS, etc) that is more than a year older than yours.
         | The tricks used to get around that aren't as reliable as
         | OpenCore.
        
         | lwouis wrote:
         | I find fewer and fewer new features motivating an upgrade.
         | These days it's integration or fluff like tracking the time you
         | spend on each app. I'm on Catalina and have no incentive to
         | upgrade, but have many incentives not to (e.g. breaking
         | compatibility)
        
           | xfitm3 wrote:
           | One aspect I find infuriating is UX changes. I like the way
           | things were, change for change's sake is annoying.
        
             | deergomoo wrote:
             | I don't mind visual spruce ups to keep things fresh, but
             | over the last few years at Apple there has been a trend in
             | "hiding things in drawers". Buttons are removed from UIs
             | and moved to hover actions or put inside overflow menus
             | (which is basically a misnomer at this point as there are
             | not enough buttons to fill a toolbar, let alone overflow
             | one).
             | 
             | It's awful, because you end up with software that is pretty
             | in a screenshot but is objectively _less_ simple to use,
             | because discoverability drops like a lead balloon.
             | 
             | It seemed to start when Forstall was ousted and Jony Ive's
             | team took over software design as well as hardware. Their
             | recent laptops have shown you can give up a little form in
             | favour of a lot of function, so hopefully the software
             | teams are (re-)learning the same lessons.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | It would be good to just have a choice. The designers can
             | go nuts every year, just give me a drop down and I'll pick
             | the skin I like.
        
         | cgufus wrote:
         | Even worse: Sierra. Ouch. 10 years ago I used to go for every
         | upgrade immediately (even .0's). IMO new versions since maybe
         | 10.8 added mostly data collecting bloat. macOS moved far away
         | from the OS I once loved (peaked at Snow Leopard IMO). Funnily,
         | macOS became "free" after Snow Leopard, so you've probably paid
         | with your data ever since.
        
           | jkestner wrote:
           | Not data. You pay in service subscriptions and upsold
           | hardware (especially since some features work less well or
           | not at all unless your OSes are upgraded across the board).
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | My a1502 still has Mojave, and I'm not planning on returning to
         | MacOS until they reinstate 32-bit support. It feels like I'm
         | screaming into the void when I tell other people about this,
         | they almost always just shrug their shoulders and say something
         | along the lines of "the Twitter app still works though".
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | 32-bit support is not coming back, and nor should it. Having
           | a mix of apps means having both 32-bit and 64-bit copies of
           | system libraries loaded in memory all the time, which is
           | inefficient.
           | 
           | For security reasons, you probably should partition your Mac,
           | run Catalina or Big Sur* on your main partition with your
           | personal stuff, PGP keys, and other important things, and
           | have a separate partition with Mojave for your legacy apps.
           | If those are mostly games, then you may be better off with a
           | Windows partition instead of Mojave, because that would
           | support even more games.
           | 
           | * A1502 does not get Monterey, I think.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Oh, I don't really care about MacOS _that_ much. I 've
             | already moved on to Linux, which has much better support
             | for games _and_ legacy software (along with the development
             | I do every day for, y 'know, work). I just keep the old
             | lappy on Mojave because it reminds me of better times. I
             | never really do anything beyond basic text editing on it
             | anymore.
        
             | Riseed wrote:
             | (I'm not the person to whom you were replying)
             | 
             | One of my "important things" is a 32-bit app required for a
             | freelance project. This freelance project also requires
             | some 64-bit apps, so I don't see how two partitions would
             | help here. Am I missing something? (Sincere question -- I'm
             | looking for a new solution because I know Mojave won't be
             | supported forever.)
        
           | mrtesthah wrote:
           | Apple is more likely to discontinue support for x64_64
           | altogether in favor of arm64e than they are to bring back
           | 32bit support. Rosetta v1 didn't last long when transitioning
           | from PowerPC.
        
         | ulfw wrote:
         | With all due respect. How much time do you think it will take
         | to download and install an update every few years?
        
           | Aaargh20318 wrote:
           | Especially since the update downloads in the background and
           | doesn't require your input after starting it. You can start
           | the update, go do something else, come back and hour later
           | and it's done.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Ahaha yes, and then you're left "only" with a few hours
             | figuring out what broke in your setup because stuff like
             | /usr/local was "liberally" modified by the update. Plus, of
             | course, oops all your 32bit games are ded.
             | 
             | (Yeah sure, not your average Mac user, but still - don't
             | discount the pain that any arbitrary update can and will
             | inflict).
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | I know... not much. And it's the same kind of argument one
           | would use when postponing say, garden work, cleaning the
           | oven, etc. I have taken a vacation day next week to get this
           | done - not just the macOS upgrade of course, but a long list
           | of pending household tasks.
        
       | Lamad123 wrote:
       | They want to force us to update to their much worse Bug Spyware
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | They also never bothered to implement the 2 factor code popup on
       | old systems but forcing user to use 2fa.
       | 
       | So you now get to explain to grandma that she needs to enter her
       | icloud password, get a password error, click on approve on her
       | iPhone, then enter her password again with the 6 digit code shown
       | on the iphone appended to the end of her password.
        
         | eyelidlessness wrote:
         | Oddly, this is explicitly spelled out in old versions of iOS. I
         | learned of it recently because my aging iPhone 8 died and I
         | tried to revive my iPhone 5 while waiting for a replacement.
         | (It did start up but was basically useless otherwise.)
        
         | uneoneuno wrote:
         | WHAT! How did I not know the append-the-code trick
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | I spent some time searching the web in my frustration
           | thinking that 2fa was impossible on this MacBook. I think it
           | was a stackoverflow comment somewhere that said to try
           | this...
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | It's a common hack, i.e. Salesforce does same for the
           | security token, IIRC same with github.
        
         | hn_throwaway_69 wrote:
         | I made the mistake of reinstalling macOS on my late 2015 rMBP
         | using internet recovery. I found myself locked in a loop where
         | I couldn't upgrade to the latest macOS because it required 2FA.
         | 
         | I called Apple Support and didn't tell me this information and
         | simply said they can't bypass or disable 2FA. It was only by
         | researching that I discovered this workaround.
         | 
         | This was one of the worst user experiences I have experienced
         | on an Apple product.
        
           | easton wrote:
           | I feel like they patched in an error message explaining this
           | on older versions of OS X, because I definitely was prompted
           | to do it this way. Maybe just in iTunes?
        
         | bmarquez wrote:
         | I've also seen the "append the 2fa code at the end of your
         | password" trick work for other older products that only have
         | one input box. An example is the discontinued Amazon Kindle
         | Windows UWP app.
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | That's a neat hack if you only have one input box. But all the
         | extra code on the backend needed to differentiate between a
         | normal password and a password+pin sounds like something which
         | could accidentally weaken security.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Maybe they're leveraging radius for some of of that?
        
             | Fnoord wrote:
             | Or PAM, or BSD_Auth, or AD, or ... there's a lot of
             | options.
             | 
             | Supposedly they can also see which capabilities the client
             | has, allowing the fix server side. Why they did that we can
             | only speculate, same with why its not well known.
             | 
             | I can imagine an engineer with a kid who got a handmedown
             | from mom/pop, and they silently fixing it this way because
             | its within their expertise.
             | 
             | I'd like to hear the authentic story behind it. Hopefully
             | one day!
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | It's really not that complicated given it's a fixed 6 digit
           | appendage
        
             | garmaine wrote:
             | A secure app shouldn't be sending passwords in the clear
             | though.
        
       | traceroute66 wrote:
       | Yawn. More Apple bashing that is not backed up by any facts.
       | 
       | Name me one widely deployed OS that promises its users patches
       | ad-infinitum.
       | 
       | Microsoft certainly doesn't patch all older versions of Windows.
       | 
       | Neither do all the widely deployed Linux flavours, they all have
       | clearly defined EOL policies.
       | 
       | Nor do the BSDs, e.g. OpenBSD has a "current plus previous"
       | policy.
       | 
       | You have to draw a line in the sand somewhere in terms of
       | patching historical versions. Promising your users you will patch
       | all historical versions forever is not feasible, because it means
       | you are promising you will patch all dependencies forever, and
       | that will require a lot of massive teams of developers doing
       | nothing all day but patching legacy software.
        
         | ccouzens wrote:
         | The problem is they don't allow the latest MacOS on not very
         | old hardware. If they allowed the latest OS there would be less
         | call to keep the older versions patched.
         | 
         | > Name me one widely deployed OS that promises its users
         | patches ad-infinitum.
         | 
         | > Microsoft certainly doesn't patch all older versions of
         | Windows.
         | 
         | > Neither do all the widely deployed Linux flavours.
         | 
         | But the latest and greatest Windows and Linux releases are
         | installable on older devices.
         | 
         | I extended the life of a 2011 iMac which stopped recieving
         | updates from Apple by installing the latest Fedora.
         | 
         | Most Linux distributions draw the line at 32 bit hardware.
         | 
         | Windows 11 was controversial in that it dropped support for
         | older computers. But this shows what the expectations are.
        
           | josteink wrote:
           | > But the latest and greatest Windows and Linux releases are
           | installable on older devices.
           | 
           | This was certainly true until recently when Microsoft went
           | all Windows 11, which only works on a small, whitelisted
           | subset of X86-compatible CPUs and also mandated TPM 2.0.
           | 
           | Now only Linux offers semi-guaranteed support for older
           | hardware.
        
             | hu3 wrote:
             | To note: Windows 10 is still supported and will be up to
             | 2025. And when that date arrives, Microsoft has a history
             | of patching out of support Operating Systems. Mostly
             | because they have large enterprise contracts which last
             | longer than the EOL of their OS.
             | 
             | Also Microsoft provides an official guide on how to install
             | Windows 11 on older hardware. My neighbor has Windows 11 on
             | his 10 year old laptop running an i7 2500 and it's butter
             | smooth.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | > But the latest and greatest Windows and Linux releases are
           | installable on older devices.
           | 
           | So is OS X Big Sur[1] and Monterey[2]
           | 
           | For the majority of people all they need to do is pull their
           | finger out and upgrade the OS from Catalina to Big Sur or
           | Monterey.                   [1]https://support.apple.com/en-
           | us/HT211238         [2]https://support.apple.com/en-
           | us/HT212551
        
             | ccouzens wrote:
             | Those show about 8 years. My 2011 iMac was dropped by
             | Mojave (7 years).
             | 
             | Modern computers should last a lot longer than that,
             | especially if you can pass them on to users with less
             | demanding requirements.
             | 
             | And fortunately Macs do last longer than that, but you have
             | to install Linux or Windows to keep them up to date.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | This is not about EOL - the article is about Apple not patching
         | security issues in two-year old supported OS versions (Catalina
         | from 2019).
         | 
         | Microsoft certainly does patch all two years old versions of
         | windows.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | First, Big Sur was the first macOS to support ARM. Given
           | recent developments at Apple, its no surprise their primary
           | development focus is on OS Releases that have ARM support.
           | 
           | Second, as already pointed out by another poster in this
           | thread, Apple provide free upgrades to newer OS versions for
           | supported hardware (and the hardware support goes back a
           | decent number of years[1]).
           | 
           | For the vast majority of people on Catalina, all they need to
           | do is to upgrade to Big Sur, it is almost certain they are
           | using compatible hardware[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211238
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | The key point for this IMHO is, as mentioned in the article
             | "But it's also time for better communication on this
             | subject. Apple should spell out its update policies for
             | older versions of macOS, as Microsoft does, rather than
             | relying on its current hand-wavy release timing".
             | 
             | If Apple properly supported Catalina, that would be great;
             | if Apple _explicitly said_ that Catalina is out of support
             | / EOL and people need to upgrade to Big Sur, that could be
             | reasonable; but if they keep the two-year-old release in
             | some limbo that's kind of supported but poorly, that's
             | simply poor support.
             | 
             | Apple needs to make a clear choice and publish a specific
             | date for each of their releases up until which they commit
             | to backporting security updates, so that people can _know_
             | what is the expectation for e.g. Catalina, whether it is
             | considered supported or not right now.
        
               | rudian wrote:
               | I really don't get this. Apple _does_ provide free
               | updates for all. If you skip major versions, you're
               | shooting yourself in the foot and blaming Apple for
               | allowing it.
               | 
               | Apple is giving you the update: Install it and now it's
               | up to date. They don't have to support multiple versions
               | of the same thing indefinitely.
               | 
               | The situations (devices) where the update isn't possible
               | (i.e. they're outdated too early) can probably be counted
               | on one hand.
        
               | circularfoyers wrote:
               | Only when using a release that is EOL is it shooting
               | yourself in the foot in regards to security. It doesn't
               | matter if the new release is free or not (Linux and BSD
               | are), not everyone wants to track the latest release for
               | whatever reason they like and there's no problem with
               | that if it still receives timely security updates, which
               | is a standard practice on every other OS. If Apple
               | doesn't want to do this, it should be clearly stated.
               | Otherwise as this behavior is outside of the norm, Apple
               | should be rightly critised for it.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | I agree that they don't have to support multiple versions
               | of the same thing indefinitely, however they do have to
               | say what they are supporting and for how long they're
               | going to support what.
               | 
               | The fact that Big Sur was released does not automatically
               | mean anything about the support for Catalina, because
               | there are all kinds of reasons not to make a major
               | version upgrade even if the hardware is still compatible
               | with the new version; the major upgrades do break certain
               | aspects of software and implement changes to
               | functionality and UI, not just fixes for security bugs.
               | 
               | The core issue is that simple questions like "Is Catalina
               | being supported as of 14th November 2021 or not" and
               | "Which is the date when Big Sur support ends and you are
               | expected to migrate to Monterey or later for security
               | updates" deserve a clear answer from Apple, and it seems
               | that they are refusing to answering that with any
               | official, published policy.
        
         | k20CuozQmk wrote:
         | >Microsoft certainly doesn't patch all older versions of
         | Windows.
         | 
         | This is not about EOL OS releases, this is about Catalina
         | (macOS 10.15, released in 2019).
         | 
         | Apple advertises Catalina as still supported, last update was
         | 15.15.7 on October 25 of this year
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_version_history#Releases).
         | 
         | >Neither do all the widely deployed Linux flavours, they all
         | have clearly defined EOL policies.
         | 
         | The big difference here you forgot to point out is that you can
         | almost always update to the next Debian (or whatever GNU/Linux
         | distribution you use) Stable release with the hardware you ran
         | on the last one.
         | 
         | You could also get new hardware from whatever vendor you want
         | to since Debian (and any other GNU/Linux distribution) isn't
         | vendor locked to a company that insists on selling you soldered
         | RAM/SSDs and thermal throttling machines.
         | 
         | The Debian team also consistently honors their support cycles,
         | unlike Apple.
         | 
         | >Nor do the BSDs, e.g. OpenBSD has a "current plus previous"
         | policy.
         | 
         | Same thing as the GNU/Linux situation i mentioned above, the
         | operating system is not vendor locked and you can almost always
         | update to the next release with old (in the case of *BSD maybe
         | even ancient) hardware, this is not true for macOS.
         | 
         | >You have to draw a line in the sand somewhere in terms of
         | patching historical versions. Agreed, you have to draw the line
         | somewhere.
         | 
         | The issue here is that Apple drew the line and then didn't even
         | bother to honor it.
        
           | jkepler wrote:
           | Exactly on point regarding Debian. I've been running Debian
           | stable since 2012 or 2013, and I've only upgraded my hardwear
           | when a motherboard died or when I wanted a new laptop for
           | reasons other than the OS.
        
       | gbolcer wrote:
       | I know one of the reasons for this (as an outsider). Over the
       | years, the security patch codebase included other bugs that had
       | been fixed in later code. Apple ios particularly when they are
       | getting ready to launch a new iphone fork their code and try to
       | keep security patches in sync, but by doing so "unfix" a lot of
       | bugs. This has been an observed pattern for 6 or 7 major upgrades
       | now. The bottom line, software used by tens of millions of people
       | is hard.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | azalemeth wrote:
       | I'd love to know the "true" histogram of MacOS versions. I'm
       | currently typing this on a machine running Mojave as it is the
       | last one to support 32-bit code. I bet I am not the only one -
       | 10.14 happens to match up with the last "perpetually licensed"
       | adobe suite, for example, as well as older versions of Office.
       | 
       | I'm sure Apple know exactly how many people they inconvenience at
       | any given point, and make a calculated decision about support.
        
         | KptMarchewa wrote:
         | >I'm sure Apple know exactly how many people they inconvenience
         | at any given point, and make a calculated decision about
         | support.
         | 
         | Each Apple laptop gets upgrades to newest for roughly 6-7
         | years.
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | This was exactly my case especially with the Adobe. Then my MBP
         | died just few days before deadline. So I got new one with M1
         | chip. And I had to go with Adobe subscription. Not only it was
         | bloatware it was also buggy. Then Affinity had sale and I
         | bought three Affinity apps for the price of three months with
         | Adobe. Affinity Designer is better for my needs then
         | combination of Photoshop/Illustrator. However Adobe Indesign is
         | still much better then Affinity publisher. I could live with
         | that but there is not good compatibility between Indesign and
         | Publisher (unlike Affinity Designer where you can easily
         | import/export .psd). But I will have to find workaround not
         | because subscription sucks (I do not use Indesign daily but
         | still almost every month). It sucks because Creative Cloud is
         | bloatware.
        
           | ungamed wrote:
           | The subscription still sucks.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Welcome to the world of big-tech commercial software. You
             | either pay a subscription fee in money or your private
             | information for ad targeting. Sometimes even both.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | There is a third option:
               | 
               | keygen + little snitch blocking
        
         | Toutouxc wrote:
         | According to the Steam Hardware & Software Survey [0], where
         | the 32-bit thing hit really hard, the numbers could look a
         | little like this:                 MacOS 11.6.0:  11.22%
         | MacOS 11.5.2:   2.87%       MacOS 10.16.0: 44.92%       MacOS
         | 10.15.7: 11.66%       MacOS 10.14.6:  6.80%       MacOS
         | 10.13.6:  6.41%       Other          16.12%
         | 
         | According to this other usage plot [1] it doesn't like the
         | number of people staying on Mojave was any significant.
         | 
         | Please note that macOS 10.16 == macOS 11 and that most of these
         | tools don't seem to recognize Big Sur and later from Catalina.
         | 
         | [0] https://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey?platform=mac
         | 
         | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/944559/worldwide-
         | macos-v...
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | So, roughly 70% are running Catalina or later.
           | 
           | This is pretty good. Macbooks do usually get software updates
           | for many years - as do iPhones and iPads of late.
           | 
           | People who bought early Apple Watches (some of which were
           | very expensive!) didn't get updates past watchOS 4 however,
           | which was sad to see.
        
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