[HN Gopher] The Design of the Connection Machine (1994)
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       The Design of the Connection Machine (1994)
        
       Author : boulos
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2021-11-12 17:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tamikothiel.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tamikothiel.com)
        
       | yholio wrote:
       | The final black hypercube design looks modern even for
       | contemporary standards.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | I worked as a CPU architect at Intel for a decade. Never once did
       | anyone solve an architecture problem the way Feynman did on CM-1.
       | From wikipedia:
       | 
       | "The engineers had originally calculated that seven buffers per
       | chip would be needed, but this made the chip slightly too large
       | to build. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman had
       | previously calculated that five buffers would be enough, using a
       | differential equation involving the average number of 1 bits in
       | an address."
       | 
       | He determined the buffer size using a differential equation?
       | Modern engineers would run trillions of simulation cycles of an
       | RTL model and sweep the buffer size for thousands of workloads to
       | find the inflection point, and present an Excel chart in a
       | meeting. Then the design engineers would determine if there was
       | enough die area to implement the buffer size, and even if there
       | wasn't area but the performance was significant, they would have
       | to implement it.
       | 
       | Engineering now vs engineering then.
        
         | Banana699 wrote:
         | >Engineering now vs engineering then.
         | 
         | Your post was great up until this. I don't like the 'Things
         | were great in the past but look at us now' tone in general
         | (doesn't mean it's not true in some cases), but also that's not
         | what the historical incident shows : the "engineers then" were
         | just as flabbergasted at Feynman's approach as anybody, and
         | didn't trust the results.
         | 
         | Feynman was a physicist, not an engineer. Differentials and
         | integrals were his breakfast and dinner for ~50 years at the
         | time. You and his colleagues at the CM team saw Outsider's
         | Effect in action: where a talented individual, with a mind
         | fresh of dogmas and established approaches, manage to repurpose
         | the tools they practiced and honed in a different domain to
         | engage and destroy a target in another domain from a highly
         | unusual angle. Like startups, it doesn't always work. But when
         | it works, it's fantastic.
        
       | voldacar wrote:
       | This thing has so much soul. Its physical design is intentional;
       | its form reflects its structure and function.
       | 
       | Supercomputers now are just big racks with maybe a cool graphic
       | printed on the side, which makes me kind of sad.
        
         | bouvin wrote:
         | Agreed. Seems The Connection Machine was the last gorgeous
         | supercomputer.
        
       | timmg wrote:
       | Anyone know how many CM-1s and CM-2s were made? I spent a few
       | minutes googling and got nothing. Did they sell 10s of them or
       | 100s of them or more?
        
         | chr15p wrote:
         | top500.org for June 1994 lists 79 entries for Thinking Machines
         | which is their high water mark, but it looks like most of those
         | are CM-5s with about 20 being CM-2.
         | 
         | So assuming some of the CM-5s are replacements for CM-1 and 2s
         | I would expect they sold maybe 100 machines total, 150 absolute
         | max across all three models.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | from my very hazy memory, there were only a few CM-1s made.
         | maybe 10 in total outside TMC?
         | 
         | CM-2s showed up at most supercomputer centers in the US, and
         | even some universities. I think Yale(?) had an 8k. there were
         | several at black sites - at least another 8 machines I guess.
         | 
         | so at least tens, but I don't think 100s
        
           | timmg wrote:
           | Ok, thanks.
           | 
           | It occured to me how cool it would be to pick one up on eBay.
           | Obviously, I didn't find one. (Not that would have actually
           | bought one.) I guess this is why :)
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | haha - first thing I did when I saw the hypercube/nuerons
             | tshirt was check ebay - no dice!
        
               | fao_ wrote:
               | In the article it's referred to as the "CM-1 tshirt
               | design" so I plugged the first two words into duckduckgo
               | and the first result led me to someone who is selling the
               | tshirts:
               | 
               | http://www.tamikothiel.com/cm/cm-tshirt.html
        
               | nickdothutton wrote:
               | I have one and the printing and material quality were
               | very good.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Which is actually the same site as the article. It's
               | Tamiko Thiel's personal site.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | hey thanks! goes to show i need to step out of my ebay
               | bubble from time to time
        
       | kortex wrote:
       | > Perhaps we need to do exactly the opposite, and look at the so-
       | called primitive or pre-industrial cultures to find out how they
       | use ornament to increase the significance and worth of the
       | objects they produce.
       | 
       | I think that ornamentation and aesthetics are often overlooked or
       | minimized in the pursuit of optimization, typically cost
       | reduction. But this article and this line in particular
       | elucidates why we stand to benefit from keeping aesthetics in
       | mind.
        
       | tda wrote:
       | I just saw a nice keynote by David Beazley on how he installed
       | python on a CM5 at Los Alamos, very entertaining
        
         | Banana699 wrote:
         | What OS was it running? or did he compile Cpython from source?
        
       | steppi wrote:
       | William Daniel Hillis's dissertation about the Connection Machine
       | is available online [1] and is a fascinating read. It generated
       | some interesting past discussion here [2]. I started reading
       | through the dissertation earlier this year with a hope of
       | gathering enough information to reverse engineer Feynman's
       | partial differential equation based method to calculate the
       | number of buffer's needed per chip. I had to drop that project
       | for lack of time but came away really impressed with the
       | considerations that went into the design of the CM.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/14719/1852428...
       | 
       | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12281637
        
         | ssivark wrote:
         | I've always been curious about both the CM and Feynman's PDE
         | based approach, but never found any clear writing on the topic.
         | If anyone is digging into this, I'm happy to assist in any way
         | I can (I have a theoretical physics background, fwiw). Feel
         | free to hit me up (email in profile).
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | I was fortunate enough to have been paid to write some Star Lisp
       | code for the CM-1 that was provided to my company via DARPA.
       | 
       | We also received a Butterfly Machine but I never used it.
        
       | timmg wrote:
       | Someone should make a mini CM-2 -- desktop size. With the LEDs
       | and everything. And then some kind of emulator (or FPGA) on the
       | inside that could actually run their code. Maybe connect to a
       | desktop via USB or something.
       | 
       | I wonder if the compiler/whatever for the host machine is
       | available anywhere?
        
         | torgoguys wrote:
         | I have made a ~10% model of one with lights and all.
         | 
         | The innards do not run CM software though. But I'd did try to
         | stay true to the overall spirit of the design. I have a bunch
         | of Intel Edison boards slotted into the cubes that can slide in
         | and out to add processing capacity for my model setup. I copied
         | the overall gist of the original cooling solution too.
         | 
         | I agree that there should be kits for this sort of thing. The
         | machine looks so cool.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | There is the *Lisp (StarLisp) simulator at least:
         | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/l...
         | 
         | This seems to be a GitHub mirror:
         | https://github.com/LdBeth/star-lisp
        
       | peter303 wrote:
       | The mid-1980s to mid-1990s was the golden age of computer
       | architecture experimentation. Computer aided circuit design meant
       | a relatively small group of engineers could design and fabricate
       | a new CPU design.
       | 
       | The competition from rapidly evolving commodity CPUs ended this
       | era. It took 3-5 years to make a new generation special purpose
       | CPU and financially justify manufacture. By that time the
       | commodity CPU price-performance increased an order of magnitude
       | and caught up. Few of these designs ever produced a second
       | generation. And I think only Convex made it to gen-3 before
       | folding.
        
       | darkstarsys wrote:
       | I loved working at TMC. Amazing collection of some of the
       | smartest and most interesting people.
        
         | voldacar wrote:
         | got any cool stories?
        
         | dmd wrote:
         | Did/do you work at Ab Initio too, or just TM?
        
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