[HN Gopher] Show HN: Long Range E-Bike
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       Show HN: Long Range E-Bike
        
       Author : jacquesm
       Score  : 504 points
       Date   : 2021-11-12 11:25 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jacquesmattheij.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jacquesmattheij.com)
        
       | uf00lme wrote:
       | Wow, this would have been perfect for me when I was younger. I
       | hope this will become more mainstream, an off roader would really
       | open up the places to explore on a day trip.
        
       | birdyrooster wrote:
       | How many times are you going to tempt fate? You already had an
       | accident which makes it so you can't easily ride a regular bike
       | anymore and yet here you are on an e-bike. I don't really want an
       | answer, just more expressing my dismay. Good luck!
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That was a pretty bad accident but the mechanics of it were -
         | retrospectively - quite predictable. It's just that a low
         | recumbent _seemed_ very safe right up to the second that it
         | wasn 't.
         | 
         | Anyway, those two really don't compare, and I can ride a
         | regular bike just not quite as easily as before. Those screws
         | and the steel really should be taken out but between COVID and
         | work there hasn't really been a 3 month gap where I figured I
         | would chance it, because it's a full recovery after that again.
         | 
         | Thanks for the concern though, and I'll try to stay in one
         | piece.
        
       | cassepipe wrote:
       | I still remember the author of of the post for making pianojacq,
       | a free in-browser piano learning helper software Yet another
       | interesting project! I wish I had the knowledge to dive into
       | making the same bike. How about a crowd funding effort to
       | manufacture some more?
        
       | sleepysysadmin wrote:
       | next project:
       | 
       | 300watt solar panel charging the batteries as you go.
       | 
       | Can be used as roof or just panel above the rear tire.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Hehe, that's more like a sail :) I'd hate to ride around with
         | that much surface but it's a fun idea!
        
       | dillondoyle wrote:
       | This is truly hacker! awesome.
       | 
       | Reading OPs own multiple mentions of live bomb, more than a
       | little bit scary, "especially given where it is located" makes me
       | nervous just looking at it!
       | 
       | Hopefully op says the casing trespa has enough protection so they
       | can get off it it catches fire or the ali express balancer
       | breaks. From what I've read managing the batteries is a big part
       | of tesla's success.
        
       | 11thEarlOfMar wrote:
       | Regenerative braking may be able to help, yes?
       | 
       | https://radpowerbikes.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/36004517...
        
         | lima wrote:
         | The tech for that isn't there yet. Direct drive motors are
         | impractical (can't disengage, heavy).
        
         | boxcardavin wrote:
         | Regen will usually only gain you 3-5% total range, most of the
         | power from biking is dissipated as heat through aero drag, even
         | if you're biking up and down hills. Source - my company
         | exclusively does ebike research and development.
        
       | davedx wrote:
       | Inspirational project!
        
       | martin1975 wrote:
       | My dream e motorcycle - https://www.zeromotorcycles.com/
        
         | usui wrote:
         | I have the 2022 Zero S and it is a delight. Highly recommend it
         | for anyone who would be interested to try a motorcycle but
         | don't want to deal with clutches. First motorcycle as well.
         | There is simply less overhead to getting started, it's more
         | noise appopriate for neighbors, and I don't have to worry about
         | silent operation since I try to avoid risky maneuvers with
         | other drivers when I can. I don't plan on dealing with
         | traditional motorcycles ever.
        
       | timerol wrote:
       | > I traced it down to the several KA welding pulse that caused
       | the ground fault interruptor to be EMP'd. Running the welder
       | without ground took care of that.
       | 
       | That's _a_ solution, I suppose. Not one that I would pursue, but
       | I 'm glad the author got the pack welded without any injury.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I know my way around electrical stuff, not having ground on the
         | welder was ok given the work place setup, but agreed that if
         | you are unsure about the possible consequences that you
         | shouldn't do that.
         | 
         | Ironically, the only time I ever _really_ got zapped was when I
         | was connecting a scope to what I thought was the ground
         | terminal of a very large high voltage power supply. The only
         | slight problem was that it was a positive ground system...
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Kind of strange that they build scopes with ground tied to
           | mains earth, as it is the source of so many problems and
           | hazards. Letting the entire thing float would be the proper
           | solution.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That's because the metal case can go live if there is an
             | internal short. That's what that protects against. But
             | agreed, that really caught me out. I had a blind spot for
             | days due to the afterimage.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | It's probably because touching the outer ring of the BNC
               | connector (which is at ground) can become dangerous, yes.
               | 
               | So the best way to go about it is to use an isolated
               | differential probe. Or use an isolation transformer to
               | float your device under test, which is always a good
               | idea.
        
       | tgraham wrote:
       | Great article. Bosch seems to be the go to for most electric
       | bikes sold in london. My experience so far is OK; school run
       | replacement has been brilliant. The range estimation is
       | ridiculously bad! I find the battery bars are better estimator.
       | 
       | I this spurs on more entrants or drives more features. Recharging
       | feels too frequent. There's no feedback on 'driving' style and
       | impact on range. I'd love regenerative breaking. Silly things
       | like a clock on the control pane would be hugely useful options.
        
       | faeyanpiraat wrote:
       | It's a giant fire hazard which can also take you to places.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | So far so good :)
        
       | stevesearer wrote:
       | We have a pretty good network of fire roads in the southern Los
       | Padres National Forest.
       | 
       | Several times recently I have seen hunters and campers using
       | E-Bikes to extend their range into the forest. From what I can
       | tell they use a cargo trailer for gear as well as extra
       | batteries.
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see what other uses being find for
       | E-Bikes as ranges increase.
        
         | ngngngng wrote:
         | An added benefit for hunters is that deer aren't afraid of the
         | sound of bikes. Similar to cars, they just don't care. It's
         | much easier to approach a deer on bike than on foot.
        
           | stevesearer wrote:
           | These particular roads are also closed to normal vehicle
           | traffic (autos and OHV).
           | 
           | I will be interested to see if E-Bikes end up being included
           | in the motorized category in the future and therefore not
           | allowed on these roads. There is some debate locally as to
           | whether they should be allowed on normal trails which are
           | already off-limits to motorized vehicles (but OK for standard
           | bikes).
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | My father actually inquired on this to my local state
             | agency. _Technically_ an ebike is considered a motorized
             | vehicle by the state and is not allowed on trails that
             | prohibit motorized vehicles. I say technically, because I
             | 'm pretty damned sure no game warden is going to give you a
             | ticket for riding an ebike. If it looks like a bike, and
             | rides like a bike, and you're not riding above bike speeds,
             | I think you're safe.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Mountain bikes are classified as motorized (WRT
               | Wilderness access at least). If EV bikes are allowed
               | where both pedal bikes and ATVs are not, something is
               | wrong.
        
         | jdc0589 wrote:
         | a friend does this for getting to fishing spots quicker from
         | campsites. Sounds like an incredible idea if you've got the
         | space for it, especially if you've got a large battery bank in
         | your camper/vehicle for partial charges without having to turn
         | an engine/generator on (I've got ~100amp hours of lithium
         | battery in my truck camper, and I'd probably at least double
         | that if I was gonna charge a bike every now and then)
        
         | aeharding wrote:
         | > From what I can tell they use a cargo trailer for gear as
         | well as extra batteries.
         | 
         | This is the main reason if you might ever buy multiple ebikes
         | in your household, buy a drivetrain brand that has generic,
         | swappable batteries that can work on all your ebikes. Buying
         | batteries is expensive (~$1,000 for Bosch).
         | 
         | For example, some ebikes don't have swappable batteries (either
         | they're integrated or are a no-name brand).
         | 
         | The Bosch Powerpack, on the other hand, is ubiquitous and
         | swappable. If I'm going on a long trip, I steal the battery
         | from my other ebike and bring it along (I have a Surly Big Easy
         | cargo bike and a Trek Verve+ 2. My SO also has a Verve+ 2).
         | 
         | Another benefit on buying ebikes with the same powertrain
         | manufacturer is the battery lock can be keyed alike. It
         | simplifies a lot.
         | 
         | (Oh, one last thing! If you go with Bosch, you can get the
         | battery locks keyed alike to Abus U locks.)
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Oof, $1500 per kWh.
           | 
           | I keep hearing about lithium ion batteries getting so cheap
           | per kWh; when is that going to make it into reasonable-
           | quality products?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | If you can charge your batteries up to 60% when you store
           | them for a longer time rather than 100%, then charge to 100%
           | just before you need them. That will keep them around that
           | much longer. Better still if you can avoid discharging them
           | below 15% soc.
        
             | aeharding wrote:
             | Makes sense for seasonal and recreational riders. We both
             | ride year round though almost daily for transportation.
             | 
             | As for discharging below 15%, Bosch's firmware is pretty
             | smart about this. It keeps a reserve that's used for
             | powering lights for a few hours after the assist cuts off.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, that's at 5% state-of-charge, which is a bit low. If
               | you charge up to 100% and discharge to that cut-off point
               | you will get 300 to 400 cycles out of your battery. If
               | you go from 80% state-of-charge down to 20% then you can
               | get thousands of cycles out of your batteries. That's one
               | of the reasons I designed that pack as large as it is: to
               | stay within the 80-to-20 range on a 100 km trip.
        
               | aeharding wrote:
               | Interesting! I've only gotten that low a handful of
               | times. Definitely a bigger battery would be good if
               | you're going that low on a regular basis.
        
       | anon776 wrote:
       | The biggest issue I have with getting more than 20 miles out of
       | my e-bike is the controller. The manufacturer of the controller
       | set it to shut off when the battery pack hits 42v. (using a 52v
       | pack) Sucks pushing a bike up a hill when you know you still have
       | ~15% capacity remaining.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That's to increase the life-span of the pack. At 15% max
         | discharge the pack will live much longer (orders of magnitude)
         | than if you were to ride it down to zero. This is precisely why
         | I over dimensioned my pack.
        
       | twodave wrote:
       | Awesome project Jacques! I saw a comment of yours on an article a
       | day or two ago and was hoping to see this pop up soon.
       | 
       | I've found the most difficult thing about riding an e-bike is the
       | other motorists have no idea how to react to you. You're not
       | really a regular bicycle anymore due to your speed, but you're
       | also not a motorcycle that deserves its own lane. I have at least
       | one car turn in front of me almost every trip out just because
       | they're misjudging my speed. I get honked and yelled at when on
       | the road because folks get frustrated when I'm using the left-
       | hand side of the right-turn lane as a bike path.
       | 
       | Sidewalks/bike paths tend to be a lot less safe in residential
       | areas as well, since cars coming out of their driveways really
       | don't expect an e-bike to come rolling through. I've learned to
       | dramatically reduce speed in areas like this.
       | 
       | Aside from those things, I love it! I ride the e-bike whenever
       | I'm going somewhere in range (I live in Florida so things tend to
       | be spread out) and the weather permits. My bike gets about 80km
       | which is more than enough for anyplace I want to go on a bicycle
       | anyway.
        
         | nybble41 wrote:
         | > You're not really a regular bicycle anymore due to your
         | speed...
         | 
         | The top speed (with assist) for class 1 & 2 e-bikes is well
         | within the speed range of a regular bicycle. 15 MPH is
         | considered a reasonable average speed for beginners, and 18-22
         | MPG is not out of the question with training. I've ridden my
         | own e-bike past 20 MPH _with no assist_ on occasion, and being
         | a foldable model designed for electric assist it has a higher
         | mass, smaller (20 ") wheel radius, higher rolling resistance
         | (due to low-pressure 3-4" tires), and lower gearing than your
         | typical non-electric commuter bike.
         | 
         | > ... but you're also not a motorcycle that deserves its own
         | lane.
         | 
         | Bicycles should have their own lane, whether electric or not,
         | regardless of speed. It's not safe to share the lane with
         | another vehicle.
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | 22 mph = 35 kmh. The average speed of Tour de France is 40
           | kmh: https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-
           | france/2016/gc/...
        
             | nybble41 wrote:
             | I wasn't talking about a long-distance race like the Tour
             | de France. This is average speeds over a one-hour period.
             | If an ordinary cyclist can reach those speeds, even for
             | just a few minutes at a time, then cars need to be equipped
             | to deal with it. The fact that an e-bike can sustain such
             | speeds over a longer interval doesn't fundamentally change
             | anything.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | The average speed over the TdF is completely irrelevant,
             | they cross the alpes. Generally on a race bike riding at
             | 40kph if you have a slight tailwind is very doable over
             | extended periods. If you are riding in a group of riders
             | riding along at 40 is very straight forward, you can easily
             | go over 50 (the fastest TdF stages are around 50 average
             | over more than 180km distance. I can easily ride 30km/h on
             | a regular commuting bike over extended periods (and I'm
             | currently quite unfit).
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I've tried driving over the top of the motor on this bike and
           | it is almost impossible. I'm a pretty strong cyclist and I
           | never managed more than 48 kph and that only very briefly.
           | The drag is insane.
        
             | m4x wrote:
             | Trying to exceed the 32 km/h limit on my ebike is similar.
             | It's like hitting a brick wall when the assist drops out.
             | 
             | I assume it's a combination of the extra weight and the
             | extra losses from pedalling the motor as well as the wheels
             | (mostly the second part I think). Going faster on my non-
             | electric mountain bike is significantly easier.
        
         | mikesabbagh wrote:
         | I just discovered electric bikes lately, and started going to
         | the office on an ebike instead of subway!! I then discovered
         | how dangerous this can get especially at the end of the day
         | when my brain is tired!
         | 
         | I thought of stop riding bikes, but then chose to have a life
         | insurance instead
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | * You're not really a regular bicycle anymore due to your
         | speed, but you're also not a motorcycle that deserves its own
         | lane.*
         | 
         | If you're traveling at normal road speeds, wouldn't you be a
         | (electric) motorcycle? And require lights, tags, and insurance
         | like any other motorcycle?
        
           | llampx wrote:
           | That's how it is for S-Pedelecs in Germany.
        
             | nicce wrote:
             | In Finland you get heavy fines for going faster than 25km/h
             | with motor-assisted ebike (if using motor). If you go
             | faster, depending on the speed, you are fined based on
             | taxes avoided on using this kind of vehicle, plus fines
             | based on driving unlicensed vehicle, plus fines possibly
             | driving without driver's license and some other fines too.
        
           | wayoutthere wrote:
           | E-bikes in the US require pressure on the pedals to avoid
           | being classified as vehicles (they're cycling assist
           | devices). That said, many people have retrofitted those
           | assist systems with garage modifications that remove the need
           | to push the pedals or even add a digital "throttle".
           | 
           | Illegal? Sure. Are they going to get charged for it? Probably
           | not.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | Whatever you do in traffic, be very careful. I'm still driving
         | a car and inner city traffic is basically slaloming between
         | cyclists. If something goes wrong, only one of us will end up
         | in hospital.
         | 
         | I do also ride my bike on weekends have have been riding a
         | 650cc motorbike for 15+ years, so not at all against 2 wheels.
         | It's just that most people on two wheels seem to have started
         | very recently and they don't know how to behave.
        
           | emj wrote:
           | As a cyclist I tend not to care so much about all the
           | mistakes other people do. Realistically it's a very small
           | percentage of people that are new in traffic, the problem is
           | that you usually only see the mistakes people do. You will
           | never see that cylist who changed their pace 20s ago to avoid
           | you.
           | 
           | What has been shown is that people who travel by many
           | different modes; cylists, pedestrian, motorcycle, car, bus
           | etc, are usually much safer and better at navigating traffic.
           | We are all still masters at judging people only based on
           | feelings though that will probably never change.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | I agree and provide examples.
             | 
             | As a cyclist I know that a road bike is faster than a car
             | in a roundabout so when I drive my car I don't overtake
             | bikes right before roundabouts: either they'll try to
             | overtake me right where the road gets narrower (unsafe) or
             | have to slow down behind me (and they don't have an
             | engine). So I slow down a little and overtake them after
             | the roundabout. Same thing when approaching a red traffic
             | light. I'll have to stop anyway.
             | 
             | Some pedestrians keep the left on mixed bicycle /
             | pedestrian roads (this is a drive on the right country)
             | probably to defend against the occasional crazy cyclist.
             | That's dangerous IMHO because as a cyclist I get surprised
             | sometimes when I didn't realize they are walking or worse
             | running towards me and I get suddenly closer to them than I
             | foresaw.
             | 
             | And as a driver it's really difficult to see a bicycle with
             | no lights at night (nearly all food deliveries here.) At
             | least wear some reflecting clothes, but buy a rear light
             | and charge it as you do with your phone. Front lights are
             | important too. One of them nearly crashed into my left door
             | on a rainy night because I didn't see him when I came out
             | from a stop.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | In the USA the situation is much more risky than here.
         | 
         | I don't like riding in traffic mostly because drivers tend to
         | have a short fuse for anything that isn't exactly at the limit,
         | but on bike paths everything works just fine. The problem is
         | that s-pedelecs are technically lumped in with the scooters,
         | even though there is no throttle and there is absolutely no way
         | you are going to sustain 40 Kph+ for anything but a very short
         | period. But they're still pretty new and little by little
         | municipalities are adapting and allowing s-pedelecs to use the
         | bike lanes. What helps is that s-pedelec riders are extremely
         | defensive. In town I simply reduce the assist to 'eco' and
         | cycle with the rest of the bikes, and on the intercity bike
         | paths I go as fast I conditions allow, typically 35 to 38 or
         | so. On a longer trip that averages out to 33 to 35 Kph, which
         | means a 1 hour car trip turns into a 2 hour bike trip, which is
         | acceptable (and never traffic jams, which can turn that 1 hour
         | car trip into a three hour car trip!).
        
           | chli wrote:
           | Very cool project. I'm currently evaluating whether I could
           | commute 75km per day on a pedelec. In Switzerland there is a
           | small bike manufacturer that makes long range pedelec :
           | https://www.speedped.com/ (German only). It's very expensive
           | though but the battery pack can be updated to something quite
           | impressive.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | You definitely could, but .ch is a bit more mountainous
             | than where I live to put it mildly so it's not the distance
             | that I would worry about but the elevation change. If
             | that's within bounds you likely would be fine in three
             | seasons but winter would be problematic, if not downright
             | dangerous.
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | I have an e-bike and I disagree with your assertions. I'm a
           | fat asthmatic and I have absolutely no problem maintaining
           | 40kph for long stretches of time on my bike. The fastest I've
           | done on it (on a large hill but still) is 42.7MPH (~68Kph).
           | Average cruising speed on flat land can easily be
           | 30-33mph(48-53kph). Not all e-bikes are capable of this, but
           | they are certainly not some kind of rare expensive
           | impossibility - mine was less than 3000 USD.
           | 
           | My point is that you should be more ingenuous with your
           | assertions of what the capabilities of these bikes are when
           | communicating with people about it. Nothing makes people more
           | skeptical than reading things that are just plain false from
           | an advocate.
        
             | NikolaNovak wrote:
             | If something has that average speed capability, why is not
             | licensed, registered, insured and held accountable as any
             | vehicle would be? My 50cc scooter appears to have
             | comparable speeds (maybe 10kph higher), and I wear proper
             | armour & helmet, took the classes passed the test, am
             | registered, licenses & insured.
             | 
             | That's my massive pet peeve & safety concern: I WANT to
             | love e-Bikes, and all those sorts of things; and like a
             | fellow poster, I've been riding both 500-650cc motorcycles
             | and 50-125cc scooters for more than a decade so 2-wheelers
             | are part of my life; but basically all the ads, shops, and
             | salespeople over here are focusing on "You don't need
             | license, you don't need insurance, you don't need to behave
             | like a vehicle and obey the rules" as their main and
             | primary sales point; and therefore the behaviour of riders
             | is equally nonchalant. In the Toronto area (and it's
             | important to be explicit because this is definitely
             | different in different geographies), the relationship
             | between cars and non-gas two-wheelers is charitably
             | described as "strained" ("murderous/self-righteous hate"
             | may be more accurate), and we all need to get better and
             | understanding how we can co-exist and behave _responsibly_
             | on the road.
        
               | kmtrowbr wrote:
               | I drive, walk, and bike often in San Francisco. I rode a
               | 650cc motorcycle for 10 years when I was in my 20s.
               | 
               | In the Panhandle, for example, there is a mixed use bike
               | / walking path. It is very dangerous for the walkers even
               | with normal bikes, as the bikes are whizzing by the
               | walkers at 20mph. However one day I was walking, and a
               | HUGE mutant E-bike with massive fat tires & very heavy
               | frame, flew by me at what seemed like 30-40mph -- and to
               | me, it felt exactly like a near miss from a motorcycle.
               | 
               | There are other safety concerns with recent trends, with
               | the Slow streets. Everyone walks in the middle of those
               | streets & the pedestrians treat them as their exclusive
               | domain: kids playing, etc. But the drivers long ago
               | stopped respecting the "slow street" concept, and whiz
               | around the traffic cones, and then go 30mph down the
               | street. The city is still treating them as an experiment,
               | which is a part of the problem.
               | 
               | I love both E-Bikes and the Slow Streets, and they should
               | be a huge part of our future: * Cities should make the
               | Slow Streets official and modify them to make them
               | impractical to use for driving a car (perhaps making them
               | have a single curving central lane). * Likewise the
               | E-Bikes need a bit more regulation and limited strictly
               | to bike only lanes, not the mixed biking / pedestrian
               | paths.
               | 
               | As it is currently the progress of society and technology
               | has created a bit of a dangerous situation.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | a single curving central lane is one solution.
               | 
               | i also like the dutch solution, in which entrances into
               | these slow zones are generally with a raised crosswalk
               | that acts as a speed bump.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | You get caught speeding in a slow street here it will put
               | you in serious trouble, and rightly so.
        
             | stef25 wrote:
             | Most if not all electric bikes here in EU won't get close
             | to those speeds, regardless of your fitness. I don't think
             | it's even allowed.
             | 
             | If it's capable of doing 50KPH it should be treated as a
             | motorcycle, away from other cyclists and pedestrians and
             | the rider should have the same knowledge as a motorcyclist
             | wrt to how to behave in traffic.
        
             | marvin wrote:
             | Power assist cuts out at different points, depending on
             | design choice (and jurisdiction). Norwegian e-bikes, for
             | instance, disconnect their power assist above 25kph and you
             | need to pedal like crazy to go significantly faster than
             | that.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I'm sure there are other e-bikes, but those are not
             | available where I live. The fastest here are the Stromers,
             | they are a little bit faster but not exceptionally so and
             | they also cut out at 45 kph, just like mine.
             | 
             | At a guess your bike outputs more power than is legal here.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Anything over 45kph or 750W is illegal unless registered
               | as a moped in California at least (and much of the rest
               | of the US as well). Enforcement is lax in most places
               | though.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | >At a guess your bike outputs more power than is legal
               | here.
               | 
               | From a brief look - no. Belgium says "4000 W 45 km/h
               | limited "speed pedelecs", which are classed as mopeds for
               | all requirements."
               | 
               | Mine has a 750W nominal motor, but seems to output around
               | 1050W at peak.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | 4000 W? That sounds a little excessive :)
               | 
               | A typical s-pedelec is somewhere between 350 and 750 W
               | nominal and with peaks of maybe twice that.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | Yeah it's totally excessive, lol. That's just what
               | wikipedia says about your country's laws. No idea if it's
               | accurate, haha.
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | I'm not sure why you would assume the author is being
             | disingenuous. Your bike is almost certainly very different
             | from the author's, and a more powerful motor is going to
             | get you faster.
             | 
             | Fun fact/side note - power requirements generally scale
             | with the cube of speed due to rapidly increasing air drag,
             | so going at 50km/h is much harder (and requires a much
             | stronger motor) than going at 30km/h.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | I specifically did not choose the word disingenuous. I
               | asked him to be _more_ ingenuous.
               | 
               | His assertion was "there is absolutely no way you are
               | going to sustain 40 Kph+ for anything but a very short
               | period". I disagree, and I think minimizing the
               | capabilities of these machines in the rhetoric is
               | counterproductive to converting skeptics.
               | 
               | In the US it's 100% legal to go 28MPH on them for as long
               | as you can - which for me would be nearly forever on flat
               | ground.
        
               | hackerkreise wrote:
               | The full sentence was: " The problem is that s-pedelecs
               | are technically lumped in with the scooters, even though
               | there is no throttle and there is absolutely no way you
               | are going to sustain 40 Kph+ for anything but a very
               | short period." He is explicitly talking about S-Pedelecs
               | which are the fastest legal E-Bikes in most of Europe. He
               | never said that you are generally not able to sustain 40+
               | MPH in general.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Depends on the jurisdiction. NYC only allows 25MPH: https
               | ://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/ebikes.shtml
               | 
               | At some point, we do need to restrict faster vehicles
               | from operating in the bike lanes and the sidewalks,
               | because the speed differentials will probably end up
               | killing someone.
        
             | m4x wrote:
             | I'm curious - what ebike do you have that can easily cruise
             | at 48-53 kph for extended periods?
             | 
             | In most countries that would be far above the legal limits
             | imposed on ebikes. As a result, the ebikes available for
             | purchase are all limited to 25-32 kph max and typically
             | have power limits of 250-300 W. Since ebikes are a lot
             | heavier, exceeding 32 kph for more than a few seconds is
             | generally very difficult.
             | 
             | I don't think GP is being disingenuous with any of his
             | assertions. In the US there might be ebikes with much
             | higher top speeds, but jacquesm doesn't live in the US and
             | neither do most of the other people on this planet. Most
             | ebikes sold do exactly what he's describing.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | I have a JuicedBikes CrossCurrent X. They only made my
               | particular configuration for a short amount of time
               | around early 2018 - it has a massive battery, a 52v
               | system, a 750W Bafang hub motor, and location tracking
               | within the battery (though I stopped paying for it since
               | I moved out of the city). Their newer models are just as,
               | or even more capable.
               | 
               | Yeah, that is the legal limit but I turned it off in the
               | bios. When cycling on roads I want to be going as fast as
               | possible to keep things safer for me by moving at roughly
               | traffic speeds and disincentivizing dangerous maneuvers
               | by motorists. On bike trails and such I keep to 20mph or
               | so as safe.
               | 
               | I actually tried to get mine registered as a moped with a
               | license plate and insurance coverage etc. but was
               | essentially told to take a hike by the state and
               | insurance companies. So I did.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | OK, so you disagree with assertions because you ride an
               | illegal vehicle. And want...what? Your use case to be
               | taken as standard? Or for people to understand there are
               | lunatics on the road?
               | 
               | We know :)
               | 
               | (to be fair and charitable: I agree that moving with
               | traffic is, everything else equal, safer than not moving
               | with traffic. But everything else is NOT equal - I am not
               | convinced you have the weight [i.e. centre of gravity,
               | inertia, ability to absorb bumps, etc], maneuverability,
               | traction, braking power, and as you point out insurance
               | or license and possibly training, and possibly protective
               | systems as other vehicles moving at the same speed)
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | "I disagree with your assertions about sustained speed
               | because I turned off the assist limit."
               | 
               | Okay, you should have said that in the first post. If
               | you're not using the class of vehicle the comment was
               | talking about, your experience isn't really relevant.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | The rules vary widely in the US.
               | 
               | Anything going faster than 25MPH (40 km/h) without
               | cutting out in NYC is legally classified as a moped. http
               | s://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/ebikes.shtml
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | Class 3 limits in the US (pedal assist only, no throttle
               | allowed) are set at ~28 mph (~45 kph). Class 2 limit
               | (throttle allowed) is ~25 mph (40 kph). I've also ridden
               | some DIY'ed ebike conversions with unlocked controllers
               | that'll happily hit 40 mph (65 kph) if you're feeling
               | particularly suicidal that day.
        
         | wiether wrote:
         | > You're not really a regular bicycle anymore due to your speed
         | 
         | I don't understand, ebikes are regulated and the assistance
         | will top at 25kmh in most EU countries, which is a very average
         | speed for a bike without assistance.
         | 
         | Unless you're talking about speed bikes, that can ride faster
         | but are regulated like a motorcycle with license plate and
         | can't ride on cycle paths. So it's just an electric motorcycle
         | that looks like a bicycle.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Electric moped that _works_ like a bicycle.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | You deserve your own lane, although the rules vary from state
         | to state. Some states have FRAP (as far right as practicable),
         | others (such as mine) say that a cyclist should take the lane.
         | As a motorist, and cyclist, I cringe when I see a cyclist half-
         | in and half-out of traffic. As a cyclist, I avoid streets with
         | fast, congested car traffic altogether. Fortunately, my locale
         | has a lot of alternatives for bikes, including some bike paths
         | plus neighborhood streets.
        
           | stef25 wrote:
           | When getting your motorcycle license here in Belgium they
           | teach you to always take the lane. Ride 3/4 of the way in. If
           | you give the car some space, they'll drive closer to you, try
           | to pass and then get impatient & aggressive when they can't.
           | If you take up all the space they'll usually just accept it.
           | 
           | Obviously rules for bicycles may be slightly different but
           | more and more inner city roads here in EU are now clearly
           | marked as bicycle friendly.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | In the US, we have something called "sharrows" which are a
             | picture of a bike, and an arrow, painted on the street. The
             | arrow is supposed to show drivers the "line" that a cyclist
             | can occupy. Coincident with sharrows, my locale has
             | designated "bike boulevards," that are considered to be
             | preferred for cyclists. I live on such a street, that is a
             | favorite route for riding from a large residential area
             | towards the center of town. So I get to eat my breakfast
             | and watch the bikes go by every morning.
        
       | yesimahuman wrote:
       | Interesting reading this as a US resident that modded an existing
       | bike with some parts from Grin and other places. The battery I
       | bought has 17Ah which supposedly has ~50 miles of range which is
       | more than enough for my needs. I'm also able to throttle control
       | and pedal cadence control and hit top speeds of 30+ mph. It's
       | unfortunate that modern e-bikes are so locked down and restricted
       | because the DIY route is a lot of work and pretty expensive, but
       | clearly mainstream e-bikes are arbitrarily limited and holding
       | back the true potential these bikes have.
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | True potential for what exactly? How do you see them being used
         | if the limits were removed?
        
       | xchaotic wrote:
       | It's worth saying that it's not to hard to train up to being able
       | to do 100-200km rides with no electronic assist. At such
       | distance, the weight saving is probably outweighing the battery
       | and you can use the space in the frame can be used for luggage
       | such as extra clothing. At longer distances the ride limiting
       | factor is comfort, not stamina / endurance - here the Ebike adds
       | nothing
        
         | vneur wrote:
         | The author provided a compelling reason for this long-distance
         | ebike: they have an injury and the acceleration assist allows
         | them to cycle without aggravating the injury. I don't think
         | it's fair to assume that every person who wants to cycle 200km
         | can do so without electrical assist.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I can do 100K rides just fine, but not in the same time. An
         | e-bike is _much_ more convenient for that, we have this thing
         | called wind here that can really get you. On my 10 speed (an
         | elderly Guerciotti, very nice bike) my peak is 38 or so and I
         | can average about 28 for a two hour ride, after that it drops
         | and there is no way I could do a return after 65 km at that
         | speed without slowing down considerably.
         | 
         | I've done many 10's of thousands of kilometers on bikes and
         | there is no way to compare the two in practice, even the very
         | best racing bike can't keep up with an e-bike over a long
         | distance unless the rider is tour-de-France level.
         | 
         | E-bikes add range, compared to what you would do on your own in
         | the same time. That is what makes them viable replacement for a
         | car, suddenly 60% or so of your car trips are within the range
         | of the e-bike, and with this large battery for me that is more
         | like 95% or even more. Since getting the second battery for the
         | e-bike I haven't used the car more than twice (that's a few
         | months). Car ownership has gone from being a 'must' to
         | 'uneconomical' and no regular bike that I've ever owned had
         | that property.
         | 
         | And that's before we get into the fact that without the assist
         | I have a hard time to get started at all.
        
         | cactus2093 wrote:
         | This has got to be a troll comment. On an ebike on the top
         | assist levels you can pedal leisurely at ~50watts and get 300
         | watts of output to travel at 30kph plus, and tackle any climbs
         | with no issue, while not getting your heartrate up all that
         | high. Sure 100-200km is still far and not everyone will want to
         | go that far even on an ebike, but it's undoubtedly much easier
         | than a non-assisted bike. You have to train pretty seriously as
         | a cyclist and be in really good shape to ride 100+ km like it's
         | no big deal. And you have to make sure you plan out water stops
         | and plan enough food for the ~5000+ calories you will burn.
         | 
         | And "the weight saving is probably outweighing the battery", is
         | completely untrue. The increased weight of an ebike is probably
         | adding like 5-10 watts of drag on flat ground and maybe 20-30
         | watts on hills, while the motor is providing 250 watts of
         | output. It's not even close to canceling out, that would be
         | insane.
        
         | foxfluff wrote:
         | Well I can do 100-200 km rides with no electronic assist but I
         | am quite tired and hungry as all hell after that. And it takes
         | time (I don't think I've averaged over 30 kph on a long trip so
         | yeah that's 3-6 hours of cycling plus breaks).
         | 
         | I would like to be able to make these trips 1) faster 2) with
         | less effort.
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | Love it, glad to see you keep doing nice stuff, Jacques.
       | 
       | Also glad to see there are still real _makers_ in the world.
       | Makers do, period.
       | 
       | Another type of person would've asked for 10M of seed funding for
       | "a revolutionary way to commute to work, target market: the whole
       | world" and would've delivered nothing after 2 years of "working
       | really hard on it".
        
         | temp_praneshp wrote:
         | And then there are people like you and me who do neither and
         | spend time talking shit on HN.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | Well, kind of, ..., my 2021 has been one of my most
           | productive years ever.
        
         | lima wrote:
         | > Another type of person would've asked for 10M of seed funding
         | for "a revolutionary way to commute to work, target market: the
         | whole world" and would've delivered nothing after 2 years of
         | "working really hard on it".
         | 
         | ... and yet another person would've bootstrapped a company off
         | it :-)
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | I have a question for the author - what safety precautions do you
       | take against theft for such an e-bike, especially when going to
       | public places like supermarkets? I recently came to the
       | Netherlands and have heard that bike theft is common, especially
       | for expensive bikes. I would guess that such an e-bike would be
       | an attractive target, so do you take additional precautions when
       | parking in public places (like 2/3/4 locks), or simply not park
       | in public places at all?
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | Do people steal the bikes by picking them up with a car, or do
         | they try to ride them away?
         | 
         | I'm surprised I haven't seen e-bikes with an electronic
         | immobilizer (that will either disable the motor or use it as a
         | brake, unless unlocked with a code or physical token).
        
         | bcherry wrote:
         | I park a similar ebike in San Francisco fairly often. I have a
         | good U-Lock and only lock to secure bike rings on main streets
         | but haven't had any trouble. I've left it for hours at a time,
         | but never later than about 9pm. You can mitigate the overall
         | risk with an insurance plan, which is only a few hundred bucks
         | a year.
        
           | megablast wrote:
           | Get two different locks, one cable lock as well.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I would not leave it outside for more than a few minutes
         | unattended. It's too expensive for that.
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | That makes sense, thank you. I assume you use a
           | "regular"/beater bike for such activities (like
           | supermarkets)?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yep, we have an oldie sticking around for that purpose
             | alone. The lock is worth more than the bike (which is the
             | only way you get to keep your bike in NL ;) ).
        
       | gdubs wrote:
       | Everything about this is awesome, great work. Love the write up
       | -- the bits on safety in particular. The layout is also oddly
       | aesthetically pleasing. Inspiring, though I'm so so far at the
       | beginning of the road with hardware and electronics. Might
       | attempt a solar powered pond pump and battery though.
        
       | nousermane wrote:
       | > S-Pedelec (...) top speed 45 kph (...) in many places you are
       | forced to ride in traffic
       | 
       | Yes. This is the way. Thank you, Dutch government.
       | 
       | If somebody feels like wheezing an almost completely silent 200kg
       | projectile, godspeed. But please gtfo from the urban bike paths,
       | if at all possible.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | It weighs half that, including me, and the average speed over a
         | longer trip is about 33 to 35 Kph. In cities you ride just as
         | fast as the rest of the bike traffic, there isn't any point in
         | trying to go faster, and top speed is _rarely_ achieved, you 'd
         | need a 100% full battery and a rider in very good condition.
         | More usual you'll be around 35 to 38 kph in open country where
         | there is very little other traffic.
         | 
         | My 'commute' is 64 km, it takes me two hours on the dot door-
         | to-door.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | My concern at those speeds is traction. I prefer fat tires so
           | a bit of loose gravel or a pothole doesn't ruin my day.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | 2 1/4" tires on it, traction is pretty good. Haven't fallen
             | yet, had to brake hard for animals (cats, dogs, deer, a
             | rabbit or two, and once a boar). So far so good, but having
             | already had a pretty bad bike accident I'm pretty careful
             | now.
        
             | FuckButtons wrote:
             | I go at that speed on my road bike under my own power with
             | teeny tiny tyres to reduce drag. By comparison this thing
             | is safer since it has disk brakes and larger tires.
        
           | gglanzani wrote:
           | Using my Stromer ST1X -- which lacks the top of the line
           | motor of the ST3 and ST5 -- I can bike at 45kph at any
           | battery % above 30.
           | 
           | I am probably 140kg with bike, battery, laptop, clothes, and
           | stuff.
           | 
           | Outside the cities I can go in the bike lane, and I am
           | absolutely twice as fast as most bikes.
           | 
           | I live in the Netherlands, so everything being flat helps.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That's a very neat bike and that motor is twice as strong
             | as the one on the Bosch models. What kind of range do you
             | get out of it at 45 kph?
        
               | gglanzani wrote:
               | Something like 50/55km on the 800Wh battery.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Nice! Stromers are great gear, I like the looks too.
        
             | tda wrote:
             | I recently sold my ST2. I could get only 30-60km on a full
             | (1kwh) battery at max speed (46 kmh). But then why would
             | you go below max speed om a 7k bicycle? I got rid of it
             | because it was also very expensive in maintenance, and
             | because cycling on the road slightly slower than cars
             | really sucks (a few too many encounters with aggressive
             | cars). The stromers are near impossible to ride without
             | assist, think because of the regenerative engine. When the
             | battery was empty or I had one of those weird error 18
             | things I could go abou 17kmh with a lot of effort. I got a
             | vanmoof bike instead niwy, so much nicer. 30kmh, easy to
             | pedal past assist speed cause of light front wheel motor.
             | Lightweight, 500wh battery is pretty ok (also same 30-60km
             | range). Lots of repairs (under warranty) though, build
             | quality is subpar. My 30km commute is 65 minutes now on my
             | vanmoof, where it was 50 minutes on a stromer.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | How was the Stromer reliability wise?
        
               | gglanzani wrote:
               | I don't have the ST2, but 30km on a full battery seems
               | off to me :)
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | I have a class 3 and I don't feel safe riding in bike lanes at
         | full speed, zipping by slower bicycles. There's no place to go
         | if someone swerves. I will usually ride in traffic instead.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Riding in traffic here is suicide. Drivers get very irritated
           | when you are not exactly at the speed limit and I've had more
           | than one instance where someone essentially overtook and then
           | forced me into the bike lane. And that's just here in town,
           | where there is absolutely nothing to gain.
        
         | dQw4w9WgXcQ wrote:
         | All the speed of motorcycles without the sound awareness, what
         | could possibly go wrong? My overall experience is that E-bike
         | riders generally have decent cycling manners, it's the scooter
         | and unicycle riders that seem to think they can just crank
         | their walking speed up to 30mph and go everywhere a pedestrian
         | would. I usually just give them a firm "heads up next time"
         | when I get buzzed by an electric motor whine at 20mph.
        
           | orforforof wrote:
           | I used to ride a motorcycle, now I have an ebike. They seem
           | equally safe to me, which is to say neither are safe at all
           | if there are other people on the road. The only solution is
           | extremely defensive driving/riding, assume no one (including
           | pedestrians) can see you. This attitude has been embedded
           | deeply in the motorcycle culture and is the best way to all-
           | around responsible riders -- and it needs to be propagated to
           | ebike riders. I don't think it's about having manners,
           | really. Also, sound awareness is a myth propagated by Harley
           | riders.
        
             | ulnarkressty wrote:
             | I find the e-bike that the article talks about (S-pedelec)
             | to be the peak of unsafeness for two wheeled vehicles. A
             | colleague had one and let me try it - I quickly noped out.
             | 
             | He's doing 40mph in traffic with his bike shorts and a
             | flimsy helmet. The power to weight ratio also gives him
             | enormous acceleration, so he can jump from the red lights
             | in front of everyone. Other drivers often misjudge how
             | quickly he can move and he had some close calls like this.
             | 
             | If I were the author I would reconsider using one of these,
             | especially with his history of accidents...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I'm doing 40 kph, not mph, big difference there.
               | 
               | Power two weight is very modest, it's only a 350 W motor
               | in there for this one.
               | 
               | My history with accidents is simple: I was cycling on a
               | low racer recumbent and hit a traffic obstacle at a very
               | unfortunate angle. Shit happens. But this bike is about
               | 100x times safer than that recumbent. And a lot slower
               | too, in spite of being assisted, low racers are very fast
               | for unpowered bikes.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | >Also, sound awareness is a myth propagated by Harley
             | riders.
             | 
             | This pisses me off so much. I know harley riders that have
             | straight pipes and ride around with ear plugs in to keep
             | from going deaf. Anyone caught over the legal noise limit
             | should have their ride confiscated. It's asshole behavior
             | masquerading as 'safety'.
        
               | orforforof wrote:
               | The only saving grace is at least they know the word
               | 'safety'. I've ridden with such guys too and yes they are
               | assholes, but notably they espouse the same defensive
               | riding opinions of most riders, and they're still alive.
               | That's the key in my opinion, being safe/responsible is
               | not the same as being polite, and I think this gets lost
               | when people focus only on (e)bikers needing to learn good
               | manners and be nice to other road users. (One should do
               | both of course.)
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | 100% agreed, defensive driving is the key, and a good part
             | of that is to know when to slow down: when there are other
             | cyclists near you.
        
             | bambax wrote:
             | > _assume no one (including pedestrians) can see you_
             | 
             | Exactly. I'm in the same situation. I used to ride a
             | motorcycle (that I still own but almost never use now) and
             | am on an ebike every day.
             | 
             | It's not about "assuming" no on "can" see you: it's that
             | nobody does see you, and nobody cares.
             | 
             | It's also the fact that people don't think about your speed
             | or your ability to slow down fast -- they only care about
             | your general volume. People will be more careful around a
             | big parked truck than when faced with a small barrel
             | rolling down a hill at full speed.
             | 
             | The way to stay alive is to be able to predict what
             | everyone is about to do. I think I have become quite good
             | at this, although one is always learning.
        
             | ridaj wrote:
             | Yes the problem with ebikes isn't other people being aware
             | of the bike's sound, it's the rider being aware of the risk
             | to themselves and others. Maybe this is ingrained in the
             | motorcycle culture, but it seems like most buyers of ebikes
             | I know have never ridden a motorcycle before and were not
             | riding bicycles regularly either. They just go "oh this
             | makes my commute like that time I biked when I was on
             | vacation" and approach safety with a lackadaisical
             | attitude. That makes them relatively irresponsible riders
             | in my opinion. This problem hopefully fixes itself over
             | time as they learn from accidents and an ebike safety
             | culture emerges, but for now it's pretty sad.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The bigger danger here in NL are the elderly, who
               | suddenly go zooming around at twice the speeds they had
               | before they got their e-bikes. Accidents every day like
               | that, nasty ones too.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Scooters are a plague (and this bike is classed as a scooter,
           | unfortunately, so I'm lumped in with the worst), but a bigger
           | danger is mobile phone use by cyclists. That's roughly 1/3rd
           | of all the adults and 2/3rds of the teenagers here.
        
             | ryzvonusef wrote:
             | you should get a "trail bell", you can turn it on to make a
             | constant noise to make people aware, much earlier, that you
             | are coming
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRLZ1MMk3mc
        
             | megablast wrote:
             | The biggest danger is cars that kill 2 million people every
             | year around the world.
             | 
             | Everything else is so tiny as to not count.
        
             | _Understated_ wrote:
             | > but a bigger danger is mobile phone use by cyclists.
             | 
             | Or by pedestrians!
             | 
             | My brother curses the number of pedestrians in Glasgow that
             | cross the road while looking at their phones... they're by
             | far his biggest hazard.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Roads are way too biased toward cars and away from
               | pedestrians, and if this is what it takes to reclaim them
               | then I'm all for it.
        
               | pawelwentpawel wrote:
               | Screen-zombie pedestrians annoy me as well. So do uneven
               | pavements, trash, rocks and any other obstacles that
               | appear on my way. If I'm on an electric scooter or a bike
               | though it's my responsibility to ensure that I'm not
               | riding a silent, heavy and fast vehicle into someone.
               | Especially if they can't see me because I'm approaching
               | from behind. And to emphasise - there is an entire range
               | of pedestrians that might have a disability (mobility
               | issues, seeing, hearing etc.) which makes them much more
               | vulnerable to accidents.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Absolutely. But spending time on your mobile phone has no
               | place in traffic and that has nothing to do with being
               | disabled. It's just being grossly disrespectful towards
               | others and endangering them and yourself.
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | Sure it does if you're in a cross walk. As a driver of a
               | vehicle, you should be yielding to those as per their
               | right of way and paying attention to anyone who might or
               | might not take their right of way.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | In practice: cyclist head down looking at their mobile
               | phone swerving all over the road, two hands holding the
               | phone to be able to text using whatsapp or whatever other
               | IM they are using _entirely_ lost situational awareness.
               | I 've seen enough accidents from this by now to become an
               | advocate for substantially increased fines for cell phone
               | use in traffic.
        
           | lapetitejort wrote:
           | > unicycle riders
           | 
           | You probably mean "one wheel" riders? (As in the electric,
           | low profile, self balancing type, not the traditional large
           | wheel, seated, fixed axle unicycle) Unless you live around an
           | inordinate amount of rude unicyclists. In that case, I must
           | see that as it sounds very humorous.
        
       | LightG wrote:
       | Nice. What's the 0-60 time?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Infinity, unless you drop it off a mountain or out of an
         | airplane :)
         | 
         | To get up to 35 Kph is slow enough that in traffic it irritates
         | the hell out of drivers of cars.
        
       | gquiniou wrote:
       | I am surprised velomobiles are never mentioned: they are much
       | faster than traditional bicycles, have some protection from the
       | weather and can be electric assisted too:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velomobile
        
         | utopcell wrote:
         | Too close to the ground; that's what "killed" Sinclair's
         | version of it.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | By and by, enough cars will be equipped with enough driver
         | assist that heavy cars that must be crashworthy at relatively
         | high speeds will no longer be needed, much in the way active
         | safety makes light high speed rail carriages possible. Then
         | lightweight vehicles can come in to wider use. Imagine how road
         | capacity would be increased by something like a lightweight
         | one-seat series hybrid "bike" with an enclosing fairing. A lot
         | of communities could be done in vehicles weighing 5-10% the
         | weight of a car.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | They are super dangerous too. Very low to the ground, nearly
         | invisible from the perspective of a motorist and far harder to
         | overtake with on narrow bike paths than regular bikes. We have
         | a couple of them near here, also a few battery assisted ones.
         | The velomobile would be an ideal vehicle if everybody rode one.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | > Very low to the ground
           | 
           | That makes recumbent bikes safer (actually the safest) during
           | falls. Less height - less kinetic energy.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle
           | 
           | > nearly invisible from the perspective of a motorist
           | 
           | Usually solved by bright colors and adding a flag on top.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, that's what I thought. I had fallen many times with
             | recumbents and never the slightest problem, because you're
             | so close to the ground.
             | 
             | And then my foot hit the ground, ever so briefly. And
             | that's a failure mode I never really considered but what
             | happened next went pretty quick and irreversible once it
             | starts: your foot hits the ground, the bike moves a little
             | bit forward, this puts more pressure on your foot, so it
             | becomes harder to lift. Within a fraction of a second all
             | of your weight will be on that foot, there is no way to
             | lift it up because you are still seated behind your foot.
             | By the time your foot is under you you will have a couple
             | of broken bones and a twisted ankle. If you're lucky.
             | 
             | So no, they are not the safest bikes, they are safe most of
             | the time, except for that one nasty little corner case.
             | 
             | I live a theoretical argument as much as the next guy but
             | in this particular case my practical experience should
             | count for something. Don't ride a low racer, not if you
             | like your legs.
        
       | trenning wrote:
       | You should post this on endlessSphere if you haven't. Great
       | write-up!
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I haven't, I didn't even know it existed!
        
           | Obi_Juan_Kenobi wrote:
           | You've been hacking and building an e-bike without knowing
           | about the largest online forum for exactly that?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Apparently :)
        
       | harshaw wrote:
       | Great project. I have a 2018 giant quick e+ that is speed limited
       | to 28mph for the US market - in reality gets up to 26-27. In
       | general the push bike cycling technology is universal (SRAM,
       | shimano, campy, etc kit works everywhere) but for e-bikes there
       | are wierd oddities where all the enthusiasm of the international
       | DIY community doesn't quite translate to different locations
       | because of differences in the battery and motor. I wanted to add
       | a supernova headlight to my bike and what seemed like it would
       | work was really hard because the US wire harnesses were
       | different, voltages were different, etc.
       | 
       | In order to support the weight of the motor and batteries these
       | bikes tend to be really beefy and top out at around 50 lbs. Not
       | sure how much your extra batteries weigh - but if you exhaust the
       | batteries on a 50lb bike you need to make sure you have a super
       | granny gear to get you home if you have hills.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Chances of depleting this battery in normal use are nil unless
         | you end up driving to Berlin from Amsterdam or so :) It can go
         | up to the country borders in every direction.
         | 
         | The added weight is 130 times 50 grams + the weight of the
         | enclosure. 170 batteries in there, but the original battery
         | already had 40 of those.
         | 
         | Agreed that you don't want to pedal it uphill without the motor
         | running that would get old really quick.
        
       | celticninja wrote:
       | That's pretty awesome. Amazing range.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | Unless you are doing some competitive riding, there is a
       | reasonable limit for how long you want to ride per day. As a
       | motorcyclist, I know well that distances of 350-600 miles per day
       | are possible but taxing on your body. So for regular commute or
       | light weekend riding (roundtrip), I would say 4-5 hours of
       | battery life is sufficient. Depending on cruising speed, you can
       | calculate the distance it will get you. Anything above that is
       | just an extra unnecessary battery weight you are carrying.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | This is true, modulo that if you charge your battery to the max
         | and discharge it all the way that you are murdering it, so some
         | spare capacity will very much improve your battery's life span,
         | way beyond what you would get out of it otherwise.
        
       | GhettoComputers wrote:
       | After reading this, did you ever consider using petrol, gas, oil
       | or whatever you call it there for environmental reasons (against
       | electric is Lithium battery manufacturing, power loss in AC
       | transfer, dirty fuel used to make electricity, and battery
       | degrading) weight, energy density, simplicity and would the fuel
       | cost much more? It's 2-3x more than in the US would that have
       | changed your mind, and would you still find it cheaper to
       | maintain? Here's some motors https://boneshaker.bike/motorized-
       | bicycle-kits/
       | 
       | Do you see a benefit in a using 2 battery packs, so one can
       | charge and the other will be used and swapping them, you can
       | mount them so you don't carry them, or switch them since they
       | don't rely on high voltage.
       | 
       | For the Bosch is it easy to beat the DRM? If they're at best
       | using essentially voltage to turn a brushless motor, it can't be
       | that hard to beat can it?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I figured with the kind of mileage that I'm getting out of this
         | and the cost of electricity it's a pretty good deal compared to
         | firing up my trusty boxer.
         | 
         | I've used two packs, two times 500 Wh but I'd run them dry on
         | my regular commute so that's what drove the decision to build
         | this bigger pack. There are some advantages, but the Bosch
         | system keeps a reserve so you'll end up transporting some idle
         | capacity anyway and you're killing the batteries cycle wise.
         | 
         | The DRM I have not - yet - been able to crack. Not for want of
         | trying though and I'll definitely have another go at it. The
         | CPU is a 32 bit chip that can do all kinds of neat encryption
         | stuff so it's not going to be easy. To my knowledge it hasn't
         | been hacked yet.
        
       | YXNjaGVyZWdlbgo wrote:
       | I love it but I personally would be too scared to ride it with
       | that many cells sandwiched between what seems to be just foam
       | board.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That's trespa, very strong stuff, weather proof, 6 mm thick.
        
           | YXNjaGVyZWdlbgo wrote:
           | Oh... I worked with something really similar but only for
           | decoration purposes. I guess it's rigged enough to give the
           | construction stability but it's still very prone to
           | punctures. Do you think it would withstand a rock chip at
           | higher speeds also do you prefer the high mechanical
           | stability for a battery package? I don't really know if I
           | would prefer it to warp at impact or break like hpl.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Rock chip no problem. Side impact by a car: big problem,
             | but then I would have problems anyway, so my solution is to
             | drive super defensively. Cities are the risky areas once
             | outside of town it's safe to make some speed. The battery
             | box is also protected by the frame triangle, which is
             | fairly strong.
        
               | YXNjaGVyZWdlbgo wrote:
               | Nice the rock chip would have been my main concern
               | otherwise defensive driving is probably the best course
               | of action. Well done.
        
       | tinbad wrote:
       | Awesome project and 500 km range is a cool achievement! Kudos to
       | OP for all the effort and research that went into this.
       | 
       | I've run into the same issue that standard battery packs on
       | eBikes are just not enough. The problem is not so much needing to
       | do super long trips but if you forget to charge one day, you're
       | going to be stuck the next. Luckily it's become more common for
       | OEMs to offer dual battery setups with the piece of mind of
       | extended range but also having a warranty! We own two cargo
       | eBikes in the family and both have two Bosch batteries. Range
       | varies from 80 to 200 miles depending on level of assist and is
       | more than enough for our daily ~20 mile errands.
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | This bike has the added benefit of being theft resistant - on the
       | basis that it's too heavy for one person to lift. Seriously
       | though, what does it weigh?
       | 
       | With a typical sized Dutch man, stopping from full speed is going
       | to be a real test of the brakes...
       | 
       | For the same reason I don't like scooters on bike paths, I
       | wouldn't want this sharing a bike path with me. When heavy fast
       | vehicles and regular bikes collide, the regular biker usually
       | suffers more.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | >stopping from full speed is going to be a real test of the
         | brakes...
         | 
         | I'm sure it'll be fine if you stick some high end mountain
         | biking disk brakes on there. I suspect you could also use the
         | moter to bring it to a sharpish stop.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | It's got large diameter hydraulic disc brakes, there clearly
           | is a bit of a difference with the added battery weight but it
           | stops just fine (still _way_ faster than my 10 speed with rim
           | brakes in spite of the much higher bike weight). The fat
           | tires (2 1 /4") also really help with that.
        
         | turtlebits wrote:
         | Bare weight of the cell is 50g. With 170 cells that is is
         | 8.5kg. Still considerably lighter than cargo e-bikes.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | And 40 of those cells can be discounted because they were
           | also present in the old pack.
        
         | GhettoComputers wrote:
         | People steal cars and motorcycles that are heavier. If you
         | leave it out and think it's too heavy to be stolen you're
         | living in a much friendlier place than me, electronic transport
         | isn't even always sought after for personal gain. Scooters are
         | routinely thrown in the water around the world.
         | 
         | https://www.wtsp.com/article/news/local/hillsboroughcounty/s...
         | 
         | https://www.electrive.com/2021/06/17/hundreds-of-scooters-la...
         | 
         | https://www.kcrg.com/2021/06/03/teen-arrested-for-throwing-e...
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | About 35 to 36 Kg. Bike + rider is 105K, which is actually not
         | that bad. Your typical parent+bike+two kids is a lot heavier,
         | I've had my 'daddy bike' up to well over 130 Kg before one of
         | the kids was old enough to ride by themselves.
         | 
         | Full speed to stop is pretty good too, I did a couple of
         | e-brakes to see how the change of weight and COG affected the
         | bike. Stopping distance is a bit longer, it doesn't kick out
         | when braking hard in a corner more than it did before, and -
         | not surprisingly ;) - it transfers a bit more weight to the
         | front when you hit the brakes hard.
         | 
         | But compared to a scooter it is _much_ lighter and compared to
         | a normal e-bike it is only 5 Kg heavier (29 vs 35 Kg).
        
           | nousermane wrote:
           | That is impressively light. My opafiets is 30kg.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | All aluminum bike really helps, as well as a relatively
             | small frame size. But still, the battery makes it
             | noticeably heavier.
        
           | 1-more wrote:
           | haha I'm more than that on my road bike and I'm stopping with
           | rim brakes. This is incredibly impressive work;
           | congratulations! Can't wait to see the update. I suspect
           | you're going to be just fine on water ingress based on what
           | the inside of the package looks like.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | The tricky spots are the front top where the cables run
             | over the top of the pack, that's a perfect spot for water
             | to seep in and at the very bottom where the spray from the
             | wheels hits the bottom of the pack. Once it's properly
             | sealed that won't be an issue though, but in this
             | experimental phase I'm eyeing the skies carefully before a
             | ride to make sure I won't end up being drenched. A couple
             | of spatters it will definitely survive but a full-on Dutch-
             | dunking could well be problematic.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | We really need a terminology to differentiate better between
       | pedal-assist only e-bikes ("pedelec") and electric motorbikes. A
       | "bicycle" that can accelerate without the need to pedal at all is
       | an electric motorcycle, no matter if you put pedal on it or not.
       | 
       | I see the two as totally different things: I've tried pedal-
       | assist e-bike and they're great. But... Although I have nothing
       | against motorbikes I'm not cool at all with basically motorbikes
       | getting a free pass because they're disguised as bicycles.
       | 
       | BTW this reminds me of the old french "Solex / VeloSolex":
       | basically a real engine put on top of the front wheel, and able
       | to accelerate by itself without the need to pedal. But the thing
       | still had pedals. I used to use one and still have one in a
       | garage. But I didn't use it on the bicycle lanes...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9loSoleX
        
         | smashah wrote:
         | Differentiating between pedal assist & throttled e-bike serves
         | no great purpose.
         | 
         | There should be no distinction, legally, between a normal
         | bicycle and an electric bike of any kind (throttle or
         | otherwise).
         | 
         | Personal Electric (micro) Mobility is the answer to many
         | problems, let's not add any roadblocks to adoption. Other than
         | keeping powers-that-be comfortable and sparing the feelings of
         | cycling puritans, the distinction is useless, bordering on
         | harmful to the environment.
        
           | krrrh wrote:
           | The recent explosion of high speed scooters has been a menace
           | since my city recently allowed them and e-bikes on bike paths
           | and the local bike rental places purchased whole fleets.
           | 
           | The problem is that tourists and knaves are constantly riding
           | them on paths that are marked pedestrian-only (sometimes due
           | to unfamiliarity with the path system, though often
           | intentionally). Even when they stick to the adjacent bike
           | lanes the scooters accelerate and go so much faster than
           | bikes they are constantly putting pedestrians and slower
           | cyclists in danger. If they stuck to bike lanes on streets it
           | wouldn't be so bad, but I worry there will soon be a raft of
           | Bernie Goetz style vigilante clotheslining of irresponsible
           | riders.
        
         | ralusek wrote:
         | > I'm not cool at all with basically motorbikes getting a free
         | pass because they're disguised as bicycles
         | 
         | Why? Seems like a pointless distinction in regards to any sort
         | of rules. Surely where they're allowed to operate, for example,
         | should be based on things like speed and weight, rather than
         | "whether or not the operator is moving their legs in a circular
         | motion."
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Read jacquesm's reply to my comment: there are people hacking
           | their pedelec so that they accelerate without you pedaling
           | and that's illegal. I think it's a good thing it's illegal. I
           | do also believe only pedelec are allowed on bike lane in
           | Belgium/Brussels.
           | 
           | A bicycle which you can use without using the pedals is, to
           | me, not the definition of a bicycle.
           | 
           | > Surely where they're allowed to operate, for example,
           | should be based on things like speed and weight, rather than
           | "whether or not the operator is moving their legs in a
           | circular motion."
           | 
           | speed / weight and acceleration. But I'm still not sure about
           | that. Bicycle lanes were made, at first, for people cycling.
           | In European cities it's part of an overall move to be
           | "greener": what's green about a vehicle with can be used
           | without doing any exercise at all? You basically took the ICE
           | engine of a motorbike and put instead an electric motor.
           | 
           | KTM (motorbike company) is already in to e-bike game. These
           | companies are going to come and game the system as much as
           | they can if limits aren't set: they'll otherwise build ultra
           | light full-carbon e-bike with crazy fast acceleration and the
           | selling point is going to be _" It's a motorbike you can use
           | in a bicycle lane"_.
           | 
           | I do honestly think saying: "if you don't need to pedal at
           | all, it's not a bicycle and hence cannot use the bicycle
           | lanes" (like they're apparently doing in the Netherlands)
           | ain't a bad rule.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That and there are fixed maximum ratios between the pedal
             | input and motor assist.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Why does it matter from a safety perspective if the
               | locomotion is powered by a motor or a combination of a
               | motor plus someone's legs?
               | 
               | (Or if it doesn't matter from a safety perspective,
               | what's the practical need to legislate against it?)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's not the safety perspective that drives the
               | legislation, but trying to create meaningful classes of
               | vehicles that then can be used to drive safety. The
               | classification comes first. And s-pedelecs are a bit of a
               | weird in-between thing. From a technical perspective a
               | bike, from a speed perspective potentially as fast as a
               | scooter (but rarely so in practice), a bit faster than a
               | normal bike or e-bike and a lot lighter than a scooter.
               | So it's a tricky thing to classify.
               | 
               | In the end the governments decided to limit the power for
               | e-bikes, limit their speed and tie it in with pedalling.
               | S-pedelecs have all those restrictions but they're a bit
               | higher, so you can have more power, go a bit faster but
               | you still have to work to get to some speed. On 'takeoff'
               | my bike can briefly do 350 Watt bursts but that quickly
               | falls off to 150 and at the maximum speed (45 kph) it's
               | like driving into a wall if you want to go above, the
               | motor cuts out completely and there is considerable drag.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Why would classification come first? That's entirely
               | backwards. Surely we should understand what
               | characteristics of a vehicle make it safe or unsafe, and
               | then build the classifications around that to legislate
               | against.
               | 
               | If both are the same safety, why make one illegal? It
               | seems like a law which restricts liberty for no reason
               | (other than legislative convenience, or because 'the
               | government decided to tie it in with pedalling because
               | they decided to').
               | 
               | It seems like the argument is 'bikes with pedals which
               | can be powered with a button can never be classified as
               | bikes because existing laws say that they are not
               | classified as bikes'.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Classification comes first because that's what
               | governments need in order to split traffic into different
               | sets so they can create an environment that works for
               | everybody.
               | 
               | S-pedelecs, and e-bikes are a new development and so fall
               | between the cracks. Riding them on the bike paths may
               | endanger other cyclists, riding them on the main roads
               | endangers the users of the s-pedelecs and e-bikes. There
               | isn't really a 'third class' and legislators all over are
               | struggling with this classification problem.
               | 
               | Tieing in s-pedelecs with pedalling rather than with
               | throttle based systems is a legal hack, but in practice
               | the hack works quite well. The only situation where it
               | doesn't is when you ride an s-pedelec in city traffic
               | where you are forced to ride between the cars, who get
               | irritated because you are measurably slower than they
               | are. Plenty of towns are re-considering this now and are
               | making explicit allowance for s-pedelecs to use the bike
               | paths. But there are already so many 45kph scooters that
               | break the law that the difference is likely negligible.
        
             | nybble41 wrote:
             | > In European cities it's part of an overall move to be
             | "greener": what's green about a vehicle with can be used
             | without doing any exercise at all?
             | 
             | The "green" movement is about the environment, not
             | exercise.
             | 
             | > You basically took the ICE engine of a motorbike and put
             | instead an electric motor.
             | 
             | That's the "green" part. ICE is not "green". Electric is.
        
             | ralusek wrote:
             | > A bicycle which you can use without using the pedals is,
             | to me, not the definition of a bicycle.
             | 
             | My point is what difference does it make? Like I said, if
             | you want to cap weight or speed, or maybe acceleration,
             | within given areas, fine. But who cares whether or not you
             | classify it as a "bicycle." If a person wants to exercise
             | on their way to work or get there in a suit without having
             | to shower, I don't care.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | We do have scooters, it's just a different class of
               | vehicle.
        
           | potatolicious wrote:
           | This. There's an element of snobbery often in this discussion
           | where there's a disdain for people who haven't "worked for"
           | the movement they're getting.
           | 
           | Which seems besides the point. The reason you can't ride a
           | motorcycle in the bike lane isn't because you haven't worked
           | hard enough to deserve it, it's because of the top speeds and
           | mass of the vehicles presenting a danger to others in the
           | lane. It's the same reason cars present such a danger to
           | cyclists - the scale of kinetic energy going around is just
           | too high.
           | 
           | I think fast e-bikes are a _technologically_ interesting
           | thing, but from a regulatory point of view I 'm much more
           | mixed. ~30 kph seems eminently reasonable for bike
           | infrastructure, and I'm excited about the ability for that to
           | displace car trips - both from a sustainability perspective
           | and a road capacity perspective. Much faster than that
           | though?
        
             | jimmaswell wrote:
             | My ebike cuts out the assist around 32kph (20mph) but I
             | apparently hit a max speed of 45kph (28mph) sometimes, so
             | even faster than that must be easily achievable on a much
             | lighter normal bike. So 30 seems too low for a general
             | statement.
        
           | Tostino wrote:
           | Yeah that argument for forcing pedaling to me seems like a
           | way of gatekeeping to keep something a little more "pure"
           | without any actual reason.
        
             | yellow_postit wrote:
             | On a cargo bike carrying children in a hilly area the
             | throttle is nearly essentially to safely get going from a
             | stop and then to have pedaling take over.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I don't understand this comment. There are tons of non e
               | cargo bikes. Are you saying they're unsafe to use? You
               | could simply walk the bike if the terrain is too steep.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | It can be much harder to ride those cargo bikes by
               | pedaling and throwing your center of balance around when
               | weighed down compared to allowing the motor to accelerate
               | you while keeping the bike properly balanced.
        
               | krrrh wrote:
               | There's a reason why heavy cargo bikes originated in flat
               | places like Christiania, and the Netherlands. Walking a
               | Larry vs. Harry Bullit up a steep hill is hard enough
               | empty, but with 3 kids and groceries in the bucket I can
               | see a lot of people preferring an assist.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Not really, without the pedals it's no longer a bicycle but
             | a moped. We have e-mopeds already and there are plenty of
             | rules for those.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | Your views are colored by the laws you have dealt with,
               | as are mine. Just because that is the law near you
               | doesn't automatically mean that is the ideal way of
               | regulating society. It is just what you are used to.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Obviously, I am arguing from the position of legality
               | where I live, that would seem logical (as the writer of
               | the article). If you live somewhere else and have a
               | different legal environment I'd be very interested to
               | learn about it but I won't adapt my behavior based on
               | that because it simply doesn't apply here.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | They're not asking you to change behavior. The claim was
               | that forcing people to pedal is gatekeeping without an
               | actual reason, which is separate from legal arguments,
               | and saying "the reason is the law" is missing the
               | point/circular.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | I just twigged from this thread that "moped" is
               | motor+pedal.
               | 
               | Now I'm annoyed that in the UK we use "moped" for Vespa
               | style scooters which have no pedals.
               | 
               | (I was already mildly annoyed that we use "scooter" for
               | Vespa style vehicles which you sit on and are entirely
               | motorised, when it really describes the variant
               | skateboard with handlebars you stand on using one foot
               | and 'scoot' along using the other foot for propulsion).
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, scooter is heavily overloaded. I had that problem
               | recently when writing a report and realized that there
               | are actually three different classes of vehicle and
               | they're all called scooters.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Speaking of gatekeeping...
             | 
             | A lot of people, adults in particular, appear to have an
             | aversion to riding bicycles due to their inability to place
             | both feet on the ground while seated (and I'm speaking here
             | about the standard bicycle geometry, not recumbents, etc.).
             | 
             | It's too bad too because you would love to get more people
             | out of large steel cars and into efficient
             | e-bikes/scooters.
             | 
             | I wish we could lighten up a bit with regard to requiring
             | pedals/pedalling and try saving the planet a little.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | Absolutely agree, harping on the specific form of the
               | vehicle rather than just enforcing reasonable safe speed
               | limits for paths that everyone has to follow is
               | maddening. I don't care if someone is more comfortable on
               | a standup scooter, a pedal bike, a recumbent, or even a
               | segway. Just lower the barrier of entry and get more
               | people out and not in their cars.
        
         | polote wrote:
         | > Although I have nothing against motorbikes I'm not cool at
         | all with basically motorbikes getting a free pass because
         | they're disguised as bicycles.
         | 
         | A free pass for what ?
         | 
         | You dont need a motor to reach 40kph on a bike, plenty of
         | people can do it with only their legs. What we can do is limit
         | the speed on bike lanes, but that means we could allow any
         | vehicule on it. There is no reason a motorbike couldn't go on a
         | bike lane if it goes slower than 20kh as most people on bike
         | reach that speed.
         | 
         | It is not because you are on a bike that you have to go on a
         | bike lane.
        
           | gtirloni wrote:
           | _> What we can do is limit the speed on bike lanes, but that
           | means we could allow any vehicule on it._
           | 
           | No, we can't because of momentum. We could never allow a car
           | or a heavy motorcycle to drive on pedestrian/bike lines even
           | if they are at low speeds.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | Less momentum than the rapidity with which momentum can
             | change (power output vs weight, i.e., energy output).
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Speed limit on bike lanes in the city is 30 kph, outside it
           | is 45. So those rules already exist (here, in NL).
        
             | drited wrote:
             | What is the max speed of the bike you made jacquesm? I note
             | from the start of the article that low speed of
             | alternatives was one of your motivations. I saw the range
             | stats in the last paragraph but didn't notice speed stats
             | (perhaps I missed that?)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | 45 kph flat out, if you try to go faster you are fighting
               | the motor. But practically you're going to top out at
               | about 40 kph on the Bosch system, using a Stromer or a
               | Klever s-pedelec you will be able to maintain that 45 kph
               | a lot longer. But 38 is plenty for me, it's still a bike
               | and the little bit of extra speed does not weigh up
               | against the risks.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | As a motorcyclist, I would call them e-mopeds ;).
         | 
         | I think that is the best name, since mopeds also have pedals
         | that nobody uses.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | And scooters, electric-scooters, and sit-down electric
         | scooters. And electric wheelchairs, and non-electric
         | wheelchairs and mobility assist carts with handlebars. We also
         | have to delineate between a daydreaming cyclist who's top speed
         | is slow, and a hard-core cyclist with a $3000+ bike that can
         | hit 40 mph in the right conditions. Those cyclists should be
         | banned from using the same paths as the first kind of
         | bicyclist, and should be relegated to the same areas as
         | 'electric motorcycles'. Because it's really about acceleration
         | and top speed, and it matters _zero_ whether the thing has
         | pedals or not.
         | 
         | Or put it another way, if my 'electric motorcycle' is slower to
         | accelerate and has a slower top speed than you could possibly
         | manage on a bicycle, it's really not a 'motorcycle' in any way,
         | no matter how many pedals it does or doesn't have.
        
           | TrevorJ wrote:
           | Eh, this is just extending the argument into absurdity I
           | feel.
        
             | allannienhuis wrote:
             | That's a valid and useful rhetorical technique.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum
             | 
             | Although it can be applied with a bit much snark sometimes.
             | :)
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | That's the point, I read the post as satire making fun of
             | the top level comment.
             | 
             | "Free pass" for electric motorbikes? What is that person on
             | about? Why have meaningless distinctions between pedaling
             | or not, when the overriding goal should be "promote bike
             | use over vehicle use"?
             | 
             | What societal good, what good to the citizen, is it to
             | place burdens on e-bikes that are not pedal assist?
        
             | cbhl wrote:
             | I don't know that it is -- electric scooters are
             | controversial -- some folks want them on sidewalks; others
             | in bike lines; yet others only in mixed traffic with cars.
        
             | ghshephard wrote:
             | I didn't see it as absurd at all - there is a huge
             | contingent of bicyclists who should _never_ be on a
             | sidewalk, while at the same time there are massive numbers
             | of casual e-cyclists who should never be riding in traffic.
             | 
             | Ann Arbor recently changed it's laws to reflect that - and
             | I think the cyclists who are aware they shouldn't be on
             | sidewalks, and the e-cyclists who stick only to the
             | sidewalks know who they are.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Sidewalks? You don't seem to have the first clue about
               | what you are trying to comment on. The only bikes that
               | belong on sidewalks are those ridden by very young kids,
               | and indeed that is the law in much of the world.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | No e-biker should be on a sidewalk.
               | 
               | There are informal norms. Cyclists who cycle on sidewalks
               | should be relatively new and should make sure to behave
               | explicitly with all of the rules of the road (ie. don't
               | run a red from the sidewalk as a cyclist, very dangerous.
               | if you must, dismount and walk across or wait for the
               | pedestrian light). Cyclists on the street are generally
               | more experienced and do not have to explicitly follow all
               | rules IMO.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Not just informal norms, in many states formal laws, just
               | ones that are hardly ever enforced this century. (Many of
               | them on are on the written part of your driving test,
               | though people don't take those often enough to remember
               | their details.)
               | 
               | For example, Kentucky law requires bicyclists over the
               | age of 11 to use the streets. (Prohibits sidewalk usage.)
               | 
               | Washington state law allows sidewalk usage, but also
               | requires wider sidewalks than the Kentucky minimum, and
               | includes a lot of very specific wording about pedestrian
               | right of way on sidewalks (sidewalks are theirs first)
               | and mandate being very careful in overtaking pedestrians
               | and other cyclists.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | If you're piloting a vehicle on the road, you should
               | follow all the rules of the road. This is the reason
               | people hate cyclists.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Laws have social interpretation around them - there are
               | plenty of road laws I see routinely broken for
               | convenience by cars that are effectively unenforced.
               | 
               | "Idaho stops", ie. treating stop signs as yields is both
               | enshrined in law in a few different areas and should be
               | law in many others.
               | 
               | Idaho stops are perfectly acceptable in my view.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | > We also have to delineate between a daydreaming cyclist
           | who's top speed is slow, and a hard-core cyclist with a
           | $3000+ bike that can hit 40 mph in the right conditions.
           | 
           | Are there not speed limits for bike lanes? Most cars have a
           | top speed well above the freeway speed limit too.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, absolutely. 30 kph in town, 45 kph outside of town.
        
           | thrashh wrote:
           | Honestly I don't know if more rules is it. I think better
           | infrastructure that encourages separation is better.
           | 
           | I live in a bike (and very e-bike heavy) US city and the
           | rules don't really get followed too much.
           | 
           | And I don't blame anyone, because while there are
           | inconsiderate people, speed comfortability is really
           | relative. Some of my friends find just being on a bike scary
           | versus my friends who skate through traffic just fine. I
           | can't invite them to the same things.
        
             | renlo wrote:
             | If you live in NYC like me enforcing the current laws would
             | be a good start. The rules aren't followed because there is
             | zero enforcement.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | I hate to be the bearer of bad news but even a <$1000 road
           | bike with drop bars and 25-32mm tires can hit 30-40mph in the
           | hands of novice/moderately experienced riders assuming they
           | have a decent baseline fitness and either some straight level
           | road or a long downhill run. If you've got a 52x12 gear ratio
           | and can spin up to a cadence of 90RPM you'll be traveling
           | roughly 31mph. Spin up to 110RPM and you're pushing 40mph.
           | 
           | The only difference is the experienced, lycra-clad cyclists
           | with expensive bikes just get up to speed faster, maybe with
           | less of a tailwind or downward grade. However, unlike their
           | speedy novice kin, they (should, in theory) have better bike
           | handling skills.
           | 
           | Overall, I think a strategy of banning with people the
           | highest cycling skills from bike paths seems like a bad idea.
           | Sure, you got weekend warrior dentists with fancy expensive
           | bikes but their mediocre fitness level doesn't allow them to
           | really extract significant benefit from their high-end
           | cycling equipment. Their fancy aerodynamic carbon fiber bikes
           | are probably only getting them a few mph over a classic steel
           | frame. For more serious enthusiasts and professionals, those
           | seconds matter... for everyone else it's just a flex.
        
             | whiteboardr wrote:
             | I think there is a big difference in physically working
             | towards the speeds you mention and just rotating a grip to
             | move (fast).
             | 
             | Having to work for high speeds, even if just rolling down a
             | long hill on a "bare" machine, regardless of material or
             | price, will create a much deeper mental involvement of what
             | you got yourself into.
             | 
             | Thus, unassisted cyclists are (my guess and own experience)
             | much more aware of their surroundings, what lies ahead and
             | thus alert.
             | 
             | Things obviously can go wrong either way...
        
             | buran77 wrote:
             | > a <$1000 road bike with drop bars and 25-32mm tires can
             | hit 30-40mph in the hands of novice/moderately experienced
             | riders
             | 
             | A novice rider will have a very hard time hitting 65km/h
             | without going downhill or a strong back wind, even on a
             | light bike. It's a challenge even for trained cyclists. So
             | you won't see this on a city's streets but rather on open
             | road.
             | 
             | But stopping fast and safe at those speeds is even harder
             | than reaching them because you can't take your time to do
             | it. A bike that can make it easy to reach them shouldn't
             | share a lane with much slower and unpredictable
             | participants, like regular lanes on sidewalks.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | As someone who has biked for decades and puts on nearly
               | ~1,000 miles per month - August I did ~850 - Sept/oct was
               | less due to some rainy days... (All on a 29" x2.1" hard
               | tail mtn bike)
               | 
               | But I used to bike from Alameda into SF for nearly a
               | decade. I even biked occasionally from Alameda to Menlo
               | Park...
               | 
               | That being said, while I really want an E-bike, I am also
               | cautious: I have fallen a lot, and I used to get my bikes
               | up to 44 was the fastest I ever went, down the long bike
               | path along Lexington Reserviour which we used to bike up
               | every morning...
               | 
               | Going ~40 on ANY terrain on a mike is dangerous/scary as
               | heck.
               | 
               | I've had bikes just literally vanish from beneath me and
               | I went sailing through the air.
               | 
               | Never would I want to do that on something that weighs
               | more than me....
               | 
               | PLUS - how do you carry Jacques bike up/down stairs to
               | transition between trains/levels/whatever...
               | 
               | That wonderful hack looks heavy as heck, but lovely.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It has walk assist if I need to move it uphill while
               | walking next to it, I wouldn't want to move it up or down
               | a flight of stairs but if that would ever be a
               | requirement I'm pretty sure there will be a law mandated
               | elevator nearby as well.
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | Even at 4.25w/kg I cannot hit 30mph without a tailwind or a
             | downhill. I can push MAYBE 26mph, possibly 27. And that's
             | going to be at something unsustainable for me, like
             | 400-500w. (FTP of 350w).
             | 
             | At threshold power, I'm guessing more like 22-23mph.
             | 
             | And, not to toot my own horn, but that's a pretty damn fit
             | experienced cyclist.
        
               | spamizbad wrote:
               | Ah, but you should be able to hit it while drafting with
               | aero bars.
               | 
               | My point here is that it's not the bike that makes you go
               | 40mph - it's the "engine" (the human) and the
               | environment. Expensive human-powered bikes aren't going
               | to magically turn someone who tops out at 20mph into
               | someone doing twice that.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | > We also have to delineate between a daydreaming cyclist
           | who's top speed is slow, and a hard-core cyclist with a
           | $3000+ bike that can hit 40 mph in the right conditions.
           | 
           | Surely even skilled cyclists should be permitted to use bike
           | paths as long as they don't tear by everyone at 40 mph. And
           | I'm genuinely a bit unclear as to why no-pedaling-needed
           | bikes shouldn't be able to mingle with bikes as long as they
           | follow the rules.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | I see it as a sort of amateurization/tragedy-of-the-commons
             | that increases the likelihood of injuries.
             | 
             | As a parallel example, from what I can tell, injuries on
             | electric rental scooters haven't really dropped too much,
             | they just stopped being news.
        
           | pharmakom wrote:
           | A really important factor you didn't mention is weight.
           | KE = 0.5 * v * v * m
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | that equation shows velocity is more important though? a
             | small car at 10 mph has about the same KE as a 200 lb
             | person going 40 mph. of course KE doesn't tell the whole
             | story. of the two, I'd much rather be hit by the car. I
             | could run into a brick wall at 10 mph and probably be okay.
        
               | red369 wrote:
               | I suppose if you absorbed all of the energy from the car,
               | rather than just being pushed back by it, then the damage
               | might be more comparable. For example, I think if someone
               | was standing against a wall and a car rolled into them at
               | 10mpg it might be as terrible as being hit by a 200lb
               | cyclist at 40 mph. Of course, I agree that 10 mph seems a
               | lot less dangerous - it gives many more options to move
               | out of the way, or to spread the impact over time (by
               | walking backwards and pushing against the car). Just
               | throwing out some thoughts on why the same energy from
               | each seems to have such a different destructive force.
        
               | frenchyatwork wrote:
               | True, though most collisions aren't head on, and even
               | when they are, usually only a fraction of the velocity is
               | absorbed because the objects deflect from each other.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | Yes but probability of a crash is probably related to the
             | spread in the velocities of various agents.
             | 
             | This is why I often ride my 40 km/h max electric moped on
             | bike paths. Cars don't give me enough following distance so
             | I'm not risking my life there. I also slow down drastically
             | when passing pedal bikers.
        
               | Bootvis wrote:
               | If you're exerting yourself you tend to pay attention to
               | what's happening around you. I noticed that folks that go
               | very fast on their two-wheeled vehicle without too much
               | effort get distracted quite easily.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I think it may not be the exertion per se, as much as the
               | perception that _something_ is working hard to give the
               | speed you have.
               | 
               | I have been a very very fast cyclist in the past, and
               | when I'm down on my aero bars and doing 40-50kph under my
               | own power, I'm very aware that I'm (a) working hard (b)
               | going fast. This makes me not want to crash, if only
               | because I'd lose all that hard-earned speed.
               | 
               | But I've seen the same effect in cars too. If I drive a
               | very quiet and "smooth" vehicle on a very smooth road,
               | its way too easy to go substantially beyond the speed
               | limit, because I just don't have the perception of "an
               | engine working hard to propel things forward". Switch a
               | noisy, vibrating vehicle on a rougher road, and I'm much
               | more aware of what is going on and will definitely keep
               | my speed under control.
               | 
               | I haven't driven a Tesla or similar, so I have no idea
               | how their near-silent engine affects this sort of thing.
               | On paper, it seems likely to be bad :)
        
           | Torkel wrote:
           | Multi-lane bike "highways" would be awesome. What matters
           | most (imo) is that all these riders are unprotected, and
           | should be kept far apart from cars. If the unprotected,
           | single rider, narrow vehicles want do drive at vastly
           | different speeds then multiple lanes seems like a good
           | solution.
        
             | rnotaro wrote:
             | In Montreal, Canada, we have the Reseau Express Velo (REV).
             | They are uni-directional bike paths that are 3 meters wide.
             | They easily allow 3 cyclists to be side by side.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | We have some of these in NL.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | I don't think there is a _meaningful_ clear demarcation between
         | pedal-assist and electric motorbike. The throttle control just
         | looks different.
         | 
         | On good e-bikes I've ridden, the pedaling is basically limited
         | to telling the motor to go, no meaningful force involved. Sure,
         | you can put "controls motor with button" and "controls motor
         | with pedal" into different legal categories, but I doubt there
         | is much of a benefit in doing so.
        
         | phreeza wrote:
         | The pedaling aspect is also not really what matters, because
         | you can in principle reduce the load factor so much that the
         | pedals also just become a fancy throttle, no?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | No, there is a direct relationship between the power exerted
           | and the power the motor will add. There is a nifty torque
           | sensor built into the cranks.
        
             | nybble41 wrote:
             | You're describing one particular kind of (high-end) e-bike.
             | Many perfectly legal, unmodified e-bikes do not have torque
             | sensors. If the bike has a cadence sensor, like mine does,
             | then it doesn't care about how much torque you're applying
             | to the pedals. All it cares about is how fast they're
             | turning. And at the higher speeds (around the 20 MPH limit)
             | the gearing and small wheel sizes on mine are such that one
             | would need to pedal _very_ fast to exert any significant
             | pressure on the pedals. A much lower pedaling rate with no
             | pressure will still maintain the top speed on level ground.
             | 
             | There is no significant difference between "pedal assist"
             | and a hand-operated throttle. It would be really nice if
             | the politicians would recognize this and remove the
             | meaningless class 1 / class 2 distinction based purely on
             | the _location_ of the throttle. (Though to be fair there
             | are many more sensible places which already treat them the
             | same.)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Those are more than likely 25 Kph limited bikes,
               | s-pedelecs are a different class altogether.
        
             | phreeza wrote:
             | What I am saying you could hack the power to torque factor
             | to be so high you don't really have to exert very much
             | force at all.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | You can't. These bikes are DRM'd to the hilt and any
               | attempt at hacking them will cause the bike to brick
               | itself which you can only reset at the dealership. You
               | can do that three times and then it's permanent.
               | 
               | The penalties for having such a hack detected on your
               | bike - assuming you would get away with it - is
               | confiscation. I would strongly advise against such
               | tricks.
               | 
               | You can see how much work just changing out the battery
               | was. There are plenty of parties selling limiter removers
               | or speed boxes but they're all illegal and you are
               | uninsured when using such a device. My bike is perfectly
               | legal to ride.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | >but they're all illegal and you are uninsured when using
               | such a device. My bike is perfectly legal to ride.
               | 
               | Plenty of people 'technically' break the law in small
               | ways every day. If your bike looks like a normal bike,
               | and you're not doing outlandish speeds, I'm not sure it
               | matters whether or not your bike is 'technically legal'.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Right up to the point when you cause and accident, it
               | turns out that you are not insured and you are now in
               | debt for the rest of your life. This is not a small
               | matter.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | How does someone on a bike 'cause an accident'? How
               | exactly is a cop going to know that you've modified your
               | bike? They aren't tour de france officials. I'd be fine
               | taking my chances. You seem to have a very legalistic
               | outlook that doesn't translate to reality.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The police here is pretty good at accident mechanics, the
               | insurance will insist and if your bike has been modded
               | you are in pretty hot water.
               | 
               | My 'legalistic outlook' is mostly informed by the local
               | news.
               | 
               | But don't take my word for it, have a read:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?channel=fs&q=opgevoerde+e-b
               | ike...
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | > The penalties for having such a hack detected on your
               | bike ... is confiscation
               | 
               | In what jurisdiction?
               | 
               | Edit: just realized it's your article and you're in NL.
               | Confiscation might be an issue there but it's not
               | universal by any stretch.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's treated the same way as a souped up scooter would
               | be. Get caught and you are more than likely to lose it.
               | The good news is that you can then try to buy it back at
               | government auction ;)
        
               | 0des wrote:
               | > You can't. These bikes are DRM'd to the hilt and any
               | attempt at hacking them will cause the bike to brick
               | itself
               | 
               | This does not match reality at all. E-bikes are some of
               | the most modify-able and hackable devices out there. Most
               | of the parts are interchangeable, and a decent portion of
               | these bikes are assembled piece by piece. I can change
               | the acceleration profile of mine at will, via bluetooth.
               | Amperage limits, battery codes, everything. I have used
               | many devices and parts and kits, and have never even once
               | seen DRM present.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Oh, sure, I'm making it all up. I just spent two months
               | picking apart the Bosch e-bike system, I think by now I
               | know what I'm talking about but feel free to prove me
               | wrong and show me how you're able to get your battery to
               | talk to a Bosch controller without using a Bosch BMS.
               | 
               | Hint: you won't be able to, the key is embedded in an NXP
               | processor that has it's fuses blown (both sides,
               | controller and battery) and any kind of hacking you want
               | to do will have to be at the sensor level and even there
               | I would advise you to use an older version of the
               | firmware because the newer ones are very good at
               | detecting such hacks.
        
               | bob29 wrote:
               | You're in the realm of replacing original parts with the
               | new battery mod. Why not replace the Bosch motor
               | controller with any available motor controller that lets
               | you configure your throttle inputs however you want?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Because that would invalidate the type approval and that
               | in turn would invalidate my insurance.
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | I think you both can be correct. The more expensive
               | e-bikes as sold in the EU are DRM'd to the hilt, whereas
               | cheaper bikes sold elsewhere or assembled from kits won't
               | have any restrictions. On reddit/r/ebikes you can see
               | some crazy builds that would get you a hefty fine in most
               | of Europe.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I did write 'these bikes', as in Bosch based e-bikes,
               | specifically s-pedelecs. It is pretty obvious I'm only
               | talking about this kind of bike, not about 'all bikes out
               | there including those in other countries and cobbled
               | together from parts'.
        
               | freshpots wrote:
               | No, this became about you, personally. It is unfortunate
               | that you are unaware of that.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | No one else was taking specifically about Bosch systems
               | (edit: _in the comments, not the article_ ) until you
               | came along, and your original reply didn't mention them
               | by name. There are lots of e-bikes out there, including
               | pure "pedelecs" with no hand-operated throttle, which do
               | not use Bosch parts and do not have torque sensors. They
               | assist when the pedals are moving, not when you're
               | applying pressure.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The article is mine. And that's the context in which you
               | can read my comments.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | I realize the article is yours, but you responded as if
               | you were talking about _all_ pedal-assist electric bikes
               | (as the comment you replied to undoubtedly was), not just
               | your particular model.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Read again: the claim is that these bikes can be hacked.
               | Believe me I tried and reverse engineering is not
               | something that I have a moral block against or so.
               | 
               | Every s-pedelec that I'm aware of is legal to buy and
               | drive on the roads here is locked down. The Bosch system
               | is the one that I now have extensive experience with and
               | the handshake between the controller, the motor and then
               | battery is of a complexity level that I have not managed
               | to crack it despite a serious effort in that direction.
               | Time will tell if I will eventually manage to run my own
               | firmware but right now I'm not hopeful that that will
               | ever happen (I'd love to update the range computation
               | algorithm).
               | 
               | Regular e-bikes (the 25 kph version) are hacked with
               | abandon but even then you are no longer legal (here, in
               | NL and many other european countries). The Bosch system
               | (which has substantial market share in that domain) can
               | be hacked but only at the sensor level, and it's clever
               | enough that it tries to detect such trickery and if it
               | does it will brick itself. The factory diagnostic
               | software contains a field for 'cheat detected' and it's
               | pretty sensitive (to the point that sometimes bikes that
               | have not been modified get flagged).
               | 
               | If you get a supermarket Bafang or other bike, especially
               | older models then you are likely going to be able to hack
               | it, but there too you won't find any s-pedelecs.
               | 
               | The few brands that sell them are all pretty good at
               | locking down their stuff. Build a bike from parts and
               | it's a different story, but then you won't get a license
               | plate, type approval or insurance and your bike won't be
               | legal to drive on the roads.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > Read again: the claim is that these bikes can be
               | hacked.
               | 
               | "These bikes" as in pedelecs in general. Not just ones
               | with Bosch parts, and not just the ones that are
               | available legally as regular "pedelecs" rather than
               | "s-pedelecs" in NL or the EU. In most cases you wouldn't
               | even need to hack them; this is how they work from the
               | store.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | I mean... I'm not on a Bosch E-Bike?
        
               | bob29 wrote:
               | Another clueless American ebiker question about Europeon
               | law. Is the article's bike legal? Individual can self
               | build a high energy battery with parts and tools from
               | online sellers putting an alibaba balance charger in
               | parallel with the original BMS, no external testing
               | review or inspection. And the authorities/insurance don't
               | care about this customization vs the factory model they
               | presumably inspected before certifying.
               | 
               | Alternatively if you software configure a motor
               | controller so that it sends motor current from a throttle
               | instead of a torque sensor in the pedals, you'll be
               | busted?
        
           | lukevi wrote:
           | I've found this to be correct on most every e-bike I have
           | rented. You can "feather pedal", just spinning the cranks
           | without engaging any energy, and the e-bike will send power
           | to "assist".
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I'll try that and see what my top speed is.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | > A "bicycle" that can accelerate without the need to pedal at
         | all is an electric motorcycle, no matter if you put pedal on it
         | or not.
         | 
         | That sounds very American. Don't we have Vespa scooters and
         | mopeds in the USA as well? There are plenty of bike formats
         | between bicycle and motorbikes.
         | 
         | In China most e-bikes aren't pedal assists and no one would
         | ever claim they were car road worthy vehicles, they got bike
         | lanes or the side of the road, and are not allowed on the ring
         | road. American bike lanes seems to be recreational, whereas in
         | other countries that are oriented much more at daily life and
         | more heavily used.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I would not feel comfortable bicycling in Chinese "bike
           | lanes", they are basically just separate lanes for the
           | mopeds.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | In China, the rich drive while the poor make do with
             | e-bikes. Yes, you wouldn't feel comfortable in those lanes,
             | but people still need to live.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Oh I don't think it's necessarily a bad thing at all -
               | just that it is definitely not the case that you can
               | comfortably comingle normal bikes with those lanes.
        
           | abakker wrote:
           | If its got a motor and it looks like a bike...
           | 
           | An an American, I agree with your assessment. to me, Vespas
           | and Mopeds are motorbikes. they burn gas.
           | 
           | Pedal assist ebikes are a new category to me, and I don't
           | think any of the current rules make much sense for that.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Pedal assists were the original e bikes back in the early
             | 2000s. But the Chinese found that just making throttle only
             | e bikes was more economical, so that's what came to
             | dominate the biking ways in China (for people there, biking
             | is more about practicalities and economy than recreation).
             | 
             | I'm sure most American heads would explode if they ever saw
             | how moped, scooter, small motorbike traffic mixed with cars
             | in Southeast Asia.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Vespa style scooters are motorcycles in many US states, but
           | there are exceptions.
           | 
           | Mopeds with engines under 50cc and that have pedals are often
           | treated differently than motorcycles but some states still
           | require licensing and registration similar to a motorcycle.
        
         | twoslide wrote:
         | That's not the law in the UK. A throttle electric bike is still
         | an electric bike, as long as it has pedals that can propel it:
         | 
         | https://www.gov.uk/electric-bike-rules
        
         | 0des wrote:
         | The laws where I live do not see it this way. If it has pedals,
         | and is under 750 watts, then it is an e-bike. This includes the
         | ability to use a mid-drive motor that supplies 750 watts but
         | makes full use of the bicycle's gearing system.
        
         | qq4 wrote:
         | They're simply called mopeds in my book. We don't call electric
         | cars, e-cars.
        
         | groone wrote:
         | In my opinion the throttled e-bikes should be treated as
         | bicycles as long as they have pedals and are under 25kg and
         | 250W power.
         | 
         | That would legalize my e-bike that I have used for 14000km in
         | city saving a lot of carbon emissions and not sacrificing much
         | as I can park it in bicycle stand.
         | 
         | Of course going faster than 20-25km/h in pedestrian traffic
         | (where bicycles are allowed) is extremely dangerous. But from
         | my experience going fast in car traffic 35-40 km/h (where
         | bicycles are allowed) is safer than chugging along slowly as
         | cars don't have a need for overtaking between traffic lights.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Is that with or without the weight of the battery ;)
        
             | groone wrote:
             | With the battery. Normal bicycles can be as light as 8 kg
             | when using carbon frame. Should be able to fit your battery
             | in a 25kg bike if trying very hard.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Not this battery :) Anyway, agreed, 25 kg would be a nice
               | upper limit to have. The bike I have weighs in at 29 kg
               | with the original battery, now it is somewhere between 35
               | and 36.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | E-bike is basically the smaller version of electric cars, whose
         | sustainability depends on how we power our energy (not that
         | they have a circular manufacturing process of course).
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I come across modern Solexes with regularity on the bike lanes
         | here, never seen one in traffic.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | And they're legal there? With the ICE engine running?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yep. Speed limited to 26 kph.
        
         | disambiguation wrote:
         | Surely top speed matters more than pedaling?
         | 
         | No one argues that people in electric wheel chairs are really
         | driving ATV quads.
        
         | pa7ch wrote:
         | I never understood while we regulate on the mechanism to engage
         | the motor instead of top speed or max power.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Pedelecs are regulated on all three: maximum continuous power
           | of 250W, assistance only from 6km/h, top assisted speed of
           | 25km/h.
           | 
           | The point of pedelec regulations (in europe anyway) is to be
           | a baseline: anything which satisfies the pedelec specs must
           | be treated as a bicycle by all member states, so if you have
           | a pedelec you know that it will be usable as a bike
           | throughput the union. Member states can go beyond if they
           | want to.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | Agreed, 70mph but you have to pedal to keep the bike going =
           | e-bike (although an illegal one)...
           | 
           | 15mph and has a throttle = electric motorbike (and also
           | illegal)...
           | 
           | But make that 15mph illegal electric motorbike 10mph faster
           | and add extra hardware so users have to waggle their feet
           | around in a circle to trigger the motors... SUDDENLY LEGAL!
           | 
           | I highly doubt there are any safety benefits from pedalling -
           | it seems like an arbitrary limit.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > it seems like an arbitrary limit.
             | 
             | Of course it is, all limits are arbitrary, even if
             | informed. Lawmakers probably picked limits which would be
             | reasonably achievable by average healthy humans over long
             | distances.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | > all limits are arbitrary
               | 
               | I should have really said purposeless!
               | 
               | Usually limits have a purpose - for instance limiting the
               | speed of cars by law is because of accident reduction.
               | 
               | Unless the argument is that pedalling makes it safer, it
               | seems to be a limit for no particular reason.
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | > I see the two as totally different things: I've tried pedal-
         | assist e-bike and they're great. But... Although I have nothing
         | against motorbikes I'm not cool at all with basically
         | motorbikes getting a free pass because they're disguised as
         | bicycles.
         | 
         | Eh, it depends if you see pedal assistance being the defining
         | difference between a bike and a motorbike.
         | 
         | From a safety perspective, speed may be a better
         | differentiator.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | Speed (or better, momentum) is important. But pedal
           | assistance is definitely material to me. Switching from
           | pedal-assist to throttle-controlled changes the
           | proportionality between impulse and real-world results.
           | 
           | As a kid my first response to pretty much anything with a
           | dial was to turn it up all the way and see what happened.
           | That's a behavior I saw quite a bit during the brief plague
           | of VC-funded scooters: novices at 100% motor output rocketing
           | down sidewalks, etc. That's much less likely to happen it
           | they have to pedal hard to get the top speed.
        
             | dncornholio wrote:
             | E bikes also have a dial, all it does is it limits the
             | speed when it stops accelerating. You can dial the bike all
             | the way up, peddle but not apply any force and still
             | accelerate to top speed.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Where I live that would be illegal for an e-bike, that
               | vehicle would be classified as an e-scooter.
        
               | dncornholio wrote:
               | Doesn't any Batavus E-Bike does this? That's were I got
               | my (limited) experience from.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That depends on what you mean by 'dial it up', do you
               | mean a throttle? If so then that's illegal. If it is just
               | a 25 kph bike then you can feather the pedals and it will
               | go up to 15 or so and above that you'll have to work for
               | it.
        
               | dncornholio wrote:
               | 25 kph bike, has a setting for power that has 4 stages
               | and an 5th stage called boost. Would go all the way to 25
               | with just feathering
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Neat, I'll have to try that and see what happens, we have
               | one ordinary e-bike here with a Bosch system as well.
        
           | space_fountain wrote:
           | I think something like average real world speed and weight
           | are the two important metrics. Maybe this is the intuition
           | with petal assist vs throttle controlled e-bikes. I do sort
           | of think it should take some work to get a bike up to it's
           | top speed so that riders don't just cruise at that speed.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | A typical scooter will blow right by my bike, no matter how
             | hard I work at it. Anything over 40 kph is very intense, 36
             | to 38 is doable over the longer term traffic permitting.
        
             | aaomidi wrote:
             | > so that riders don't just cruise at that speed.
             | 
             | Do you actually ride bikes on roads? This is there because
             | if you're going slow on an actual road you're more likely
             | to get killed because of a car hitting you.
             | 
             | I'm honestly exhausted at this FUD when it's actively
             | fucking with my life as a bike rider on a main road. Even
             | Netherlands allows fully motorized vehicles that are small
             | on their bike paths.
             | 
             | Stop thinking of this as a "free pass" and more of "what's
             | actually the safest for bikers and pedestrians.
        
               | space_fountain wrote:
               | I didn't mean to cause quite as much of a controversy as
               | it seems I have. I do actually ride a standard, non
               | e-bike on SF streets, admittedly only somewhat timidly
               | and in places with low speed limits and or good bike
               | infrastructure. It just strikes me that if you want a
               | machine with a throttle, and that can operate at road
               | speeds we have that. It's a moped. If you want something
               | that can operate in close quarters on shared paths with
               | humans we also have that, but it is scary and potentially
               | dangerous being overtaken at speed on a shared path by a
               | heavy machine with wide tires traveling at speed when
               | you're walking on a path.
               | 
               | What both riders and pedestrians need is better car free
               | infrastructure so we can stop it with the biking means
               | going fast business. An ebike capped at something like
               | the top speed of a human is a very different beast than a
               | normal bike even if their top speeds are the same because
               | the ebike is much more likely to actually be at those
               | speeds at any point in time.
        
               | et-al wrote:
               | The OP, jacquesm, just mentioned throttle-only ebikes are
               | not legal in the Netherlands.
               | 
               | Anyone who's comparing ebike speeds to rider speeds: most
               | people new to riding bikes cannot sustain riding at 30kph
               | (18.5mph) for probably more than 5 minutes, less if
               | there's any gradual elevation. As such, bikes are "safe"
               | because there's an inherent speed limiter. You pedal
               | really fast, go fast, then you get tired and chill out.
               | 
               | By having a throttle-only mode, the rider never tires and
               | will just want to go fast all. the. time.
               | 
               | > _Stop thinking of this as a "free pass" and more of
               | "what's actually the safest for bikers and pedestrians._
               | 
               | What's safest for bikers and pedestrians on multi-use
               | paths (MUP) would be if ebikes actually followed the
               | Class 1 rules and were limited to 32kph/20mph on these
               | paths. (imo, 20mph is already pretty darn fast.) If folks
               | want to go faster, then do it on the street. If you want
               | to rip the throttle wide open, don't do it where a child
               | is learning how to ride their bike or where people are
               | just enjoying a leisurely stroll.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | > You pedal really fast, go fast, then you get tired and
               | chill out.
               | 
               | Is this really true? When I was in France using the Uber
               | bikes to get around I could get up to top speed using
               | almost no effort on the pedals and never found myself
               | getting tired. They really require almost no effort to
               | get up to top speed.
               | 
               | Maybe it sounds like the solution is that a throttle
               | should only take you up to a lower speed though if this
               | is the problem? Like pushing a button can take you to 15
               | but waggling your feet can take you to 25?
        
               | et-al wrote:
               | A lower speed for throttle-only sounds like a good
               | solution!
               | 
               | To clarify, my original post was about non-electric
               | bicycles, but my experience with pedal-assist ebikes
               | [Jump (RIP) and Citibike/Baywheels] was that they were
               | noticeably heavy and after a few blocks of pedaling
               | really hard, I'd tire out and slow down. Perhaps you're
               | gifted with a very high vo2max?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > If folks want to go faster, then do it on the street.
               | If you want to rip the throttle wide open, don't do it
               | where a child is learning how to ride their bike or where
               | people are just enjoying a leisurely stroll
               | 
               | Agreed, but this is also leading to problems: people on
               | racing bikes, especially in groups that occupy the whole
               | width of the bike path.
               | 
               | In general the problem is much simpler: people should
               | treat the roads like a commons and adapt to the slowest
               | present user. That's the safest way, and if that means
               | you'll be a little later at your destination then maybe
               | you should have left a little earlier. And on a racing
               | bike you are no better than any other cyclist, ditto for
               | e-bikes and s-pedelecs. It's a shared resource and a bit
               | of common sense and respect for each other goes a long
               | way.
        
               | et-al wrote:
               | > _and if that means you 'll be a little later at your
               | destination then maybe you should have left a little
               | earlier._
               | 
               | Oh gosh, I wish this was the case, but the past two years
               | of anti-masking / anti-vaccinations have clearly
               | illustrated that there is no common good in Modern
               | America.
        
               | rjzzleep wrote:
               | In the US a lot of places don't have sidewalks or bike
               | lanes and you're encouraged to cycle in the middle of a
               | road lane so that you don't get killed when a driver hits
               | you at full speed from the side. Also, you're legally
               | entitled to a lane.
               | 
               | In most other places that don't have dedicated bike lanes
               | drive on the side of the road, same places scooters
               | normally drive.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | > From a safety perspective, speed may be a better
           | differentiator.
           | 
           | Or perhaps momentum, which is far higher in motorised
           | vehicles.
        
             | shadowoflight wrote:
             | While I agree with this, there are the caveats that both
             | light electric bicycles and heavy analog bicycles exist,
             | and that in many cases the additional mass of the motor and
             | battery may not contribute much to the overall momentum
             | once the mass of cyclist and cargo are factored in.
             | 
             | Note: I commuted by electric bicycle before I switched to
             | working remote, and I have to say that riding a vehicle
             | that tops out at ~30mph when you're slamming the throttle
             | _and_ pedaling as hard as you can on a road with cars and
             | trucks going 45mph (or faster) is a harrowing experience.
             | The few miles where I rode on bicycle paths, though, I
             | capped my speed at 15-20mph (around what a decent cyclist
             | would do) and slowed to 5-10mph when I was approaching foot
             | traffic or other cyclists - and nobody ever batted an eye
             | (except a few people who wanted to know where they could
             | get one, heh).
        
         | mtreis86 wrote:
         | I see it more as a matter of power produced, I'd probably use
         | 1hp or 750w brushless or something thereabouts as the line to
         | draw. With most pedal ebikes you go faster by pedaling anyways.
        
         | comeonseriously wrote:
         | Moped?
        
         | 2dvisio wrote:
         | This one is my first sight of a "bicycle with engine" ever
         | (sorry article is in Italian). It was used in the movie "Bread
         | love and dreams".
         | 
         | https://www.cronachemaceratesi.it/2017/04/18/il-museo-del-si...
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That's a beauty.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | > _A "bicycle" that can accelerate without the need to pedal at
         | all is an electric motorcycle_
         | 
         | Most pedal-assist-only ebikes can run without you pedaling (and
         | without a throttle either). You just need to pedal fast at
         | first, and then take your feet off the pedals. (You can rest
         | them at the center of the frame for example.)
         | 
         | Usually, if there is some friction in the system (but not too
         | much) the pedals will keep on turning, making the bike think
         | actual pedaling is going on. And then the system is self-
         | sustaining (battery permitting, of course).
         | 
         | It's quite funny to do; not very practical, or elegant, but
         | fun.
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | > I'm not cool at all with basically motorbikes getting a free
         | pass because they're disguised as bicycles.
         | 
         | As long as they'r not causing problems for other cyclists,
         | they're still a big win in terms of transportation: way less
         | carbon usage and occupies less space.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _As long as they 'r not causing problems for other cyclists_
           | 
           | And if a frog had wings, it wouldn't bump its ass when it
           | hops. "Other cyclists"? They're not cyclists, they're
           | motorcycle riders, for starters. Now any jackass can zoom
           | down the bike path at 25-30mph, but yeah, as long as that
           | doesn't cause problems...
        
             | DoreenMichele wrote:
             | Details like that certainly need to be worked out but such
             | criticisms are usually made in a way that ignores the
             | bigger picture.
             | 
             | Internal combustion engines contribute substantially to
             | pollution and human-caused climate change. Motor vehicle
             | accidents maim and kill lots of people every year yet fans
             | of that form of transportation hand wave it off as
             | irrelevant.
             | 
             | We don't have to speed blindly into the future on our
             | current vector. We can change course. It will take work and
             | creative solutions.
             | 
             | Not to say such concerns shouldn't be brought up but they
             | shouldn't be brought up in a manner that sounds entirely
             | dismissive of a new solution with a lot of promise.
             | Ideally, it gets brought up in a more constructive fashion
             | overall that is more conducive to meaningful engagement and
             | less prone to simply making people mad or defensive.
        
             | koonsolo wrote:
             | In Belgium we have pedelecs (max 25kmh) and speed pedelecs
             | (max 45kmh). Pedelecs are catagorized as bicycles, and
             | speed pedelecs as scooters, which require a license plate
             | and all other stuff, including their proper place on the
             | road.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | In California it's 32kph (class 1 with pedal, class 2
               | with throttle) and 45 kph (class 3, pedal assist only)
               | 
               | Class 1 and 2 are currently allowed on all paved paths
               | that bicycles are allowed on.
               | 
               | Class 3 does not require a license, may use the lanes on
               | roads for bicycles, but not walk/bike paths. You also
               | must be 16 or older to operate one.
               | 
               | Enforcement is currently nonexistent where I live. I
               | regularly see people with ostensibly class 2 e-bikes
               | going 50kph, having modified the motor controller.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | What's the difference between that claim and the claim "if
             | cars which can go 120mph are legally considered cars then
             | every jackass can zoom down the highway at 120mph"? The
             | difference, of course, is that highways have speed limits.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | You realize it is not hard for a cyclist to hit 25-30mph
             | without motor assist, right?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | For 10 minutes tops or when falling down an embankment,
               | sure.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | In short bursts or downhill sure? Consistently in a
               | commute? No, that is definitely atypical.
               | 
               | Do you ride bikes or mostly just e-bike?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I don't have a wardrobe in spandex. I ride bicycles for
               | fun and commuting, not sport. Only time I rode a bike for
               | any kind of fitness was long long ago in offseason for
               | running sports. My pedal bike is a beach cruiser and has
               | 3 gears on it. Not getting competitive with that, and
               | have actually been told to get out of the bike lane in
               | spandex wearing asshats.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | At one time I was a Cat 1 (last stop before pro) bicycle
               | racer. Races would typically spend hours at 25mph, so I
               | have a pretty good idea of how hard it is. 30mph on flat
               | ground, unassisted, for any non-trivial length of time?
               | Yeah, damned hard even if you're in shape (and impossible
               | if you're not). 25mph by yourself? It might be "not
               | hard...to hit" 25mph, but to sustain that speed is going
               | to be nearly impossible for the ones I see zooming by on
               | their electric motorcycles. And it's going to be tough
               | workout even for an in-shape cyclist. As another
               | commenter points out, that's over 300 watts. If you can
               | do that for your hour ride to work, go get a race
               | license, you'll do well.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Exactly. The kind of stuff thrown around in this thread
               | borders on the unbelievable or we have a couple of pro
               | riders here that I wasn't previously aware of. I think I
               | know a couple of _really_ strong cyclists (notably, my
               | brother but also others) and in spite of my injury I 'm
               | no slouch and am rarely overtaken on a regular racer but
               | if I'm to believe this thread then I really should be
               | checking my bike if something is dragging or not ;)
        
               | et-al wrote:
               | I'd argue 25-30mph is not an easy cruising speed for most
               | bike commuters. Unless I'm on the wrong forum and
               | everyone here races Cat 1/2 in their spare time.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I'm no competitive cyclist, and in pedal assit mode on my
               | eBike, the motor stops being because I'm pedaling at
               | 20mph on my own. My eBike is also a big heavy bike, so
               | from where I'm pedaling, I'd assume others can do the
               | same on a better bike. <shrugs>
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Power required increases with the square of the speed
               | being primarily a function of wind resistance at higher
               | speeds. Your motor shutting off cause you hit 20mph on a
               | slight decline might give you the wrong impression.
               | 
               | Maintaining 25mph requires in excess of 300 watts. Some
               | 90% of the population won't be able to produce that for a
               | mere minute.
        
             | tapvt wrote:
             | I worry more about the added mass of the e-bikes in the
             | case of a collision with a pedestrian, another cyclist, or
             | a traditional motor vehicle. Potential speeds are
             | relatively the same.
             | 
             | I own and frequently ride e-bike, and am an advocate. That
             | being said, operating one should be done responsibly.
             | 
             | Perhaps your comment could inspire some useful discourse if
             | it were worded less negatively?
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | You are strongly suggesting it yourself, that if not for
             | the speed the difference would be negligible.
             | 
             | The other factor dividing the two realms in practice is
             | control: in a bicycle the speed is directly a function of
             | leg activity: does the "legs independent" motor-bicycle
             | offer the basically same degree of control?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | In pedal assist mode, the motor stops when you stop
               | pedaling. So it is the same concept. In full throttle
               | only control, obviously it is not even the same.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | > As long as they'r not causing problems for other cyclists,
           | 
           | They cause problems. Maybe not every e-motorcycle rider, but
           | most of them take full advantage of the power to out-
           | accelerate other bikers and double the top speed of everyone
           | around them.
           | 
           | Bike paths were design with typical cyclist speeds in mind.
           | It's not uncommon to see a young kid flying down our local
           | bike paths at 40mph or more on a modded e-bike, forcing all
           | of the pedestrian and other cyclists to get out of the way as
           | fast as possible. Worse, two e-bikers flying toward each
           | other at 40mph in opposite directions is the same as one of
           | them crashing at 80mph. Those speeds aren't really
           | appropriate for bike paths, yet here we are.
           | 
           | I frequently run into young e-bikers or e-motorcycle riders
           | on my local trails who are _flying_ at unexpectedly high
           | speeds. They 're also tearing up the trails at a rate much
           | faster than normal bikes because the rider has less control
           | over wheelspin and is more prone to throttle out of corners
           | than someone with a direct connection to the drivetrain.
           | 
           | I was a fan of e-bikes when they first came out, but the
           | current incarnation of e-bikers and e-motorcyclists is quite
           | bad in the real world. Again, not _every_ e-biker, but many
           | of the most prolific e-bike riders on my local trails are the
           | same ones running modified e-bikes with too much power and
           | manual throttles.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | Trails are a different matter, and I'm more skeptical of
             | the really fast ones there. For getting around town, I
             | think treating them advantageously, on the other hand,
             | makes some sense, because of the reasons I cited above.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | >but most of them take full advantage of the power to out-
             | accelerate other bikers and double the top speed of
             | everyone around them.
             | 
             | The full throttle mode of a eBike is limited to 20mph
             | (specifically in the US). I have one, and even when in full
             | assist mode have been passed by dayglo spandex wearing
             | bikers like I was sitting still.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | > They cause problems.
             | 
             | Okay, but if they cause problems then that's already...a
             | problem.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | E-bikes should stay off trails. And in NL it is forbidden
             | to use e-bikes on paths marked cyclists only, which is all
             | of the scenic routes (the difference is the rectangular
             | 'fietspad' sign versus the iconic blue one).
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | E-bikes on singletrack are incredibly destructive. So are
             | horses, believe it or not. The analog MTBers I know take
             | very good care of their trails.
        
             | groone wrote:
             | two e-bikers flying toward each other at 40mph in opposite
             | directions is the same as one of them crashing at 80mph
             | 
             | - only if one of them weighs infinitely more than the
             | other.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | crashing into the other* at 80 mph.
        
             | mynameisash wrote:
             | > Maybe not every e-motorcycle rider
             | 
             | I'm not sure if people are using these terms colloquially
             | or if they are codified in law or generally accepted, so I
             | may be making some false assumptions here: as an ICE
             | motorcycle rider, using the term 'e-motorcycle' to refer to
             | what is effectively a no-pedal bicycle dramatically
             | overstates the capabilities and gives a false impression of
             | what such a vehicle/device is.
             | 
             | While some no-pedal electric bikes probably _can_ move at a
             | decent clip, I have to imagine that they 're much closer to
             | pedal bike than motorcycle performance.
        
               | maz- wrote:
               | Not sure if you've heard of the Sur Ron or the Cake bikes
               | but they're RAPID. I have a modified Sur Ron and it's way
               | closer in performance terms to my Husky 701 than an e-mtb
               | or similar (peak power to weight ratio of about
               | 0.3hp/kg).
               | 
               | People put pedal kits on them to try and hide the fact
               | it's basically a super light motorbike but in my
               | experience it's not really suitable for riding on bike
               | paths or trails.
               | 
               | Devices like in the OP are much more of a grey area as
               | it's basically impossible to tell their power output /
               | weight on an individual basis...
        
         | Sn0wCoder wrote:
         | Not sure where you are located but they already do have this. I
         | have a class one pedal assist which cuts out at 20 mph. Allowed
         | on most Mnt bike trails and to do 20 for any amount of distance
         | requires substantial effort. I get passed on the paved bike
         | trails all the time by road bikes with way more gears. Then
         | class 2 which has a throttle and can go 30ish. Then class 3
         | with a throttle and speed is essentially whatever you can do. 2
         | and 3 are not allowed on any Mnt bike trails and depending on
         | city, county, are crazy to ride on the paved bike trails, not
         | legal, but do see every now and then. Most people that own them
         | respect the rule.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | The reality is that there is no useful bright-line rule to
         | distinguish between bicycles and motorbikes. Historically, the
         | two have been very distinct, so we haven't needed one. Now, we
         | are starting to see more of the space between the extremes be
         | explored.
         | 
         | We do absolutely need good laws and conventions here, for
         | safety and fairness. But i don't think basing them on a
         | classification is the way to write them.
        
           | foxfluff wrote:
           | It used to be simple.. if it has a motor and pedals, it's a
           | moped. But yeah, whatever you call it doesn't solve the
           | regulation problem.
        
           | KingMachiavelli wrote:
           | Right, but there's a large question at least in the US as to
           | what & who the bike lanes and infrastructure are for. There
           | are commuters who travel via bike, casual bikers, and then
           | there are also extreme bicyclists that compete.
           | 
           | There are bike lanes that are on normal streets and then
           | there are bike paths that are often shared with pedestrians.
           | 
           | I think there is a solid case that bike lanes adjacent to
           | streets are for commuters. The main argument is that the
           | entire argument for installing bike lanes was to provide an
           | alternative to driving.
           | 
           | The bike paths are a bit different. A lot of places in the US
           | will have paths that ban anything with a 'motor'. In the past
           | this just meant that motorcycles including small [sic]
           | _mopeds_ were banned as well. However, in recent years it isn
           | 't unusual for someone to use these paths wile riding a
           | e-bike or e-scooter. IMO the main reason for banning motors
           | was that those vehicles were loud and larger than a
           | bike/scooter.
           | 
           | I think that since it's practical to use a e-bike/e-scooter
           | at the normal non-assisted speeds the proper solution is to
           | just have speed limits in places to protect pedestrians and
           | other bikers.
           | 
           | A bike lane far from a city center could have the same speed
           | limit as the road since the it's going to be mostly commuters
           | using it. A bike lane closer to a university campus might
           | have a speed of 15 or 20mph since those lanes will have a lot
           | more traffic and a greater mixture of e-bikes and regular
           | bikes.
           | 
           | A bike path that connects the bike lane to the bike parking
           | area would be like 15mph. A shared sidewalk/path with
           | pedestrians might have a max speed of <10mph.
           | 
           | I think the only group that might loose out is the pure-
           | bicyclists that are used to using the bike lanes more like a
           | gym so having to share the bike lanes with e-bikes could be
           | an issue. But even then I think very few of them tend to ride
           | during the peak commuter hours.
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | The most important thing should be the speed, not the method. A
         | fit enough cyclist could easily go fast enough to be dangerous
         | to other cyclists with a normal bike on cycle paths too.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Sure for a while. But a e-bike can do it all day. They can be
           | a hazard for hours every day.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | the ebikes I'm familiar with cannot travel at top speed all
             | day. more like slightly more than an hour.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | This is a pedal assist e-bike. There are people that cheat and
         | that install throttles so they can move without pedaling but
         | that's a great way to get your vehicle confiscated.
         | 
         | A typical ride has me providing 40 to 60% of the Joules and the
         | remainder comes out of the battery. If there is a very heavy
         | wind up (not rare here) that might drop to 30/70 and if I have
         | a tailwind it is the reverse. The bike has a nice stats display
         | where it tracks all this stuff. Maximum assist is 350W (10A
         | current out of a nominally 36V battery), at the wheel
         | considerably less than that, this is only used when starting up
         | from a complete stop. The rest of the time you're at a small
         | fraction of that.
        
           | pcwalton wrote:
           | > There are people that cheat and that install throttles so
           | they can move without pedaling but that's a great way to get
           | your vehicle confiscated.
           | 
           | Note that this varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In
           | the US e-bikes with throttles are legally classified as Class
           | 2 electric bicycles and are generally legal for use in
           | bicycle infrastructure as long as they don't exceed 20 MPH.
           | 
           | FYI, the US classes are as follows: (1) 20 MPH (32 km/h) max,
           | pedal-assist; (2) 20 MPH max, throttle; (3) 28 MPH (45 km/h)
           | max, pedal-assist.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I'm not in the US.
        
               | pcwalton wrote:
               | I know, I'm just clarifying for readers who are.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Everyone is an American on the Internet (unless stated
               | otherwise).
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Ah ok! Maybe I should add that bit to the article to make
               | sure that people have that context.
        
               | Steltek wrote:
               | I don't think you need to defend yourself so vigorously
               | in this thread. But I would say that what you're seeing
               | is distinctly the American experience with e-bikes and
               | bike enforcement.
               | 
               | Americans are generally clueless about e-bike laws. This
               | includes police and e-bike owners. American e-bikes are
               | marketed as having throttles, being to bypass traffic at
               | high speeds using the bike lanes and bike paths, and not
               | needing licensing/registration. As an analog cyclist, my
               | experience is that e-bikers jump the lines at red lights,
               | sometimes shoving you out of the way. With the bulk of my
               | cargo bike, they sometimes instead jump around me on the
               | sidewalk instead, which is kind of funny-terrifying to
               | watch with their heavy bikes. On bike paths, e-bikes
               | stand out for their high speed in crowds and you wonder
               | if the "assist" from the motor is a binary on/off.
               | 
               | If all bikes were given more room and more consideration
               | from drivers, this may not even be a real problem as each
               | type would be able to spread out. But the infrastructure
               | is pretty poor and police enforcement against drivers is
               | even worse. So all the "alt transportation" people need
               | to cram together in whatever meager space was won at the
               | last road reconstruction meeting. E-bikes look great for
               | converting drivers to bikes so no one wants to talk about
               | banning them. But they also end up keeping their car
               | driver mentality of me-first and objectifying everything
               | else on the road around them.
        
               | pcwalton wrote:
               | I don't think it's helpful for us cyclists to be turning
               | against each other. We ought to be unified in advocating
               | for better bike infrastructure. (Personally, I use an
               | electric bike because I'm still recovering from a broken
               | ankle and don't want to strain it.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I added the 'I'm not in the US' bit because I probably
               | should have added my location to the post.
               | 
               | Agreed, poor infrastructure serves as an amplifier of
               | irritation between classes of vehicles that should not
               | even be sharing the same pathways except to occasionally
               | cross. The USA is very much car centric, I'm not even
               | sure if I would ride a bike there. Where I live we have
               | pretty good infra but even here e-bikes and s-pedelecs
               | have upset the order a bit. But I'm sure it will work out
               | in the long term.
        
               | bmj wrote:
               | _Americans are generally clueless about bike laws._
               | 
               | There, fixed that for you.
               | 
               |  _But they also end up keeping their car driver mentality
               | of me-first and objectifying everything else on the road
               | around them._
               | 
               | This is a great point, and I've observed the same
               | behavior among analog cyclists as well (I've been a
               | regular bike commuter for over 20 years in a city without
               | much cycling infrastructure). Many cycling advocates
               | don't realize that simply getting people on bikes isn't
               | the end goal. It really needs to be about changing the
               | way people move through space among their fellow
               | citizens.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | NY only allows pedal assist. In NYC they will crack down on
             | electric motorcycles using the paths but ignore the
             | delivery guys.
        
               | pseudolus wrote:
               | This appears to be incorrect. In NYC e-bikes with a
               | throttle are permitted, and subject to the same
               | limitations as pedal-assist bikes, as long as they don't
               | exceed 20 mph (~32 km/h). [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/ebikes-
               | more-engl...
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | But why does anyone actually care if you technically need to
           | be pedaling in order for the electric motor to engage? Surely
           | an electric bicycle could still go arbitrarily fast while
           | arbitrarily requiring the pedals to turn. Isn't this whole
           | thing just a silly loophole in what is considered a
           | "bicycle"? What if instead, bicycle lanes just had rules
           | regarding top speed, weight, form factor, etc.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | My wife just bought an ebike (from RadPower) that has both
           | pedal assist and a throttle that doesn't require pedaling.
           | You can also adjust the amount of pedal assist so you can
           | "feather pedal".
           | 
           | Who's going to confiscate this bike????
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | oppositelock wrote:
             | It depends where you are. Most EU countries forbid
             | throttles, but they're ok in the US as long as your under
             | 1000W motor output (Federal laws), but local laws can make
             | this stricter.
             | 
             | I've built several e-bikes, for fun, and like the author of
             | this article, I've got a long range one, but only with
             | about half of his battery capacity, which is enough for me.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > Who's going to confiscate this bike????
             | 
             | Most european cops if they catch you: some countries may
             | treat s-pedelecs as bikes, but in most it's a moped, you
             | need a driving license, insurance, a license plate, and all
             | the legal equipment of a moped (e.g. lights, rear view
             | mirror), and commonly type approval (which is going to be
             | very, very expensive). Also can't use cycle paths.
             | 
             | Over the last few years many (but probably not all) member
             | countries have passed laws to treat devices not exceeding
             | 25km/h to bikes, but that's only for hard-limited devices,
             | not "I swear I don't go faster than 25", the latter?
             | mopeds.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | On the day that daylight saving time changes so it's dark
               | an hour early, the Dutch police sneak out all around the
               | city, hide behind bushes, and jump out to surprise
               | unsuspecting bike riders who don't have their lights on
               | yet, and write them traffic tickets.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | This has to be a joke right?
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > it's a moped, you need a driving license, insurance, a
               | license plate, and all the legal equipment of a moped
               | (e.g. lights, rear view mirror), and commonly type
               | approval (which is going to be very, very expensive).
               | 
               | The amount of bureaucracy in Europe for completely
               | mundane things is completely unbelievable.
               | 
               | Getting a Driver's license in France, for example, is an
               | uphill battle against a very hostile administration. I
               | can completely see why some tried to dodge some of these
               | absurd regulations by innovating in the e-bike space.
               | 
               | Having a tiny bike barely able to break the 25mph limit
               | be considered a moped just because it has a throttle as
               | well as pedal assist is completely ridiculous.
        
             | hendersoon wrote:
             | Depends on your country, really. Throttle ebikes are legal
             | in the USA so long as they don't go faster than 20MPH on
             | throttle alone.
             | 
             | And really speed is what matters here. Who cares if it's
             | pedal-assist or throttle so long as you aren't going
             | markedly faster than normal people without any motor at
             | all? There's no safety concern.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | At a certain point, you've added enough extra mass to the
               | vehicle in terms of batteries, motor, beefed up brakes
               | and frame, etc that you need to start asking questions
               | about how much kinetic energy it's carrying and what
               | happens to it all in case of a crash.
               | 
               | Silly comparison, but we wouldn't let a car drive on the
               | sidewalk even if it had a special module that limited it
               | to 5km/h.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | > Silly comparison, but we wouldn't let a car drive on
               | the sidewalk even if it had a special module that limited
               | it to 5km/h.
               | 
               | We do in the UK - it's perfectly normal for cars
               | (including police cars) to mount and drive along the
               | pavement, before being left there
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | Same in practically every European country I've been to.
               | 
               | And it's not like it doesn't happen in the US either.
               | Most residential streets don't _have_ sidewalks in the
               | first place so technically parking in front of a house
               | without a curb or lane is the exact equivalent. Just
               | because it isn't explicitly marked as a sidewalk doesn't
               | mean it isn't treated as one when it's the only option.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | There has been some talk of changing the law on that,
               | although I can't see how that would work in many streets.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Same in China. Doesn't matter if they are allowed to park
               | there or not.
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | Yeah, there's an argument to be made somewhere here about
               | banning obese people from running. :P
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The weight of the bike + rider is still well below what
               | some riders weigh all by themselves. Compared to a
               | scooter it's a featherweight, compared to a regular
               | e-bike it's about a 5 Kg premium.
        
               | iambateman wrote:
               | There's an order of magnitude between a 2 ton vehicle and
               | a 250 pound vehicle+rider.
               | 
               | Cars also have huge blind spots and if a bike rider gets
               | in an accident, it's usually very painful for them too,
               | so their incentives to avoid accidents are quite high.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Okay, then take away the blind spots and some of the mass
               | and ask the same question-- why don't we allow
               | motorcycles to drive on the sidewalk or multiuse paths
               | assuming they pinky swear to always go really slowly?
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Seriously? 1. Motorbikes weigh at least 10 times as much
               | as bicycles, and can't be picked up any moved around by
               | the rider 2. Motorbikes are much wider than bicycles 3.
               | Motorbikes can accelerate much faster than bicycles 4.
               | Motorbikes emit noise and exhaust fumes 5. Motorbikes
               | have a much larger turning radius than bicycles 6.
               | Motorbikes are capable of keeping up with cars and
               | therefore have no need to be on bike lanes.
               | 
               | Probably a lot more reasons as well.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | The starting point for this discussion was:
               | 
               | "Who cares if it's pedal-assist or throttle so long as
               | you aren't going markedly faster than normal people
               | without any motor at all?"
               | 
               | And my point is that there are a lot of devices out there
               | that are _legally_ an ebike, and therefore have access to
               | bike infrastructure provided the observe a 20MPH speed
               | limit, but that are in reality much heavier and less
               | maneuverable than what most people consider a  "bicycle".
               | 
               | Obviously this has been lost on the downvoters, but just
               | as some examples, if I were out with my kids cycling on a
               | multi-use path, I would not be thrilled to have "bikes"
               | like these passing me at 20MPH:
               | 
               | https://rugged.bike/
               | 
               | https://ebikegeneration.com/collections/rambo
               | 
               | https://www.addmotor.com/products/m-5500
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Then you also have:
               | 
               | - bakfietsen (cargo bikes)
               | 
               | - delivery bikes
               | 
               | - e-scooters (25 kph)
               | 
               | - e-scooters (45 kph)
               | 
               | - regular scooters
               | 
               | - mopeds
               | 
               | And all of those you can encounter on a bike path. I
               | cycle daily with my kids on the way to school in traffic
               | and I spent a lot of time over the years educating them
               | to be safe. This is pretty hard work because kids really
               | have the attention span of mosquitos and tend to be very
               | easily distracted.
               | 
               | The scooters are the biggest danger, followed by cars,
               | cars, cars and cars. E-bikes and other bike like devices
               | have never over the course of many 1000's of rides to
               | school and back been a problem. This is NL, so that may
               | well be different where you live, here bikes are pretty
               | well respected in traffic as long as you don't mix it up
               | with the cars.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | I have a fairly large cargo e-bike; it weighs 75lbs. I
               | weigh 200lbs. I'm sure you'd feel a difference being hit
               | by me that rather than me on my 18lb road bike, but I go
               | faster on my road bike except when climbing.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | I'd love an Electric Hot-Tub Bakfiets, but the batteries
               | don't last long, they aren't very maneuverable, and they
               | spill a lot around corners.
               | 
               | Those things are amazing. Here are a few photos I took of
               | a dude in Amsterdam riding a bakfiets carrying an outdoor
               | urinal.
               | 
               | https://imgur.com/a/nq2rnBW
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Yes. Maybe a stopping-distance requirement. Many
               | "e-bikes" are under-braked and under-tired for their
               | speed and mass.
               | 
               | Big-tire "e-bikes" with disk brakes are really light
               | motorcycles. Forget the pedals and admit it.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | I completely agree-- electric fat bikes are totally a fun
               | time, but I think they really land in an odd place when
               | it comes to where they belong on the road. They're likely
               | too bulky and heavy to be in the bike lane, but shouldn't
               | really be in the car lane given their speed limit. And
               | the speed limit shouldn't really be dropped without
               | imposing licensing, and once you're there, there's no
               | point-- it's just an electric motorcycle.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Here in NL that e-bike would not be legal. It's quite
             | possible that where you live that such a bike is legal. Do
             | check up on it though to make sure!
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | Same in Belgium, and they are pretty strict about that.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | And France:
               | 
               | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8106261/F
               | ran...
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | I object to the pejorative "cheat" as to suggest that non
           | pedal assist is morally worse than pedalling.
           | 
           | Edit to say nice job on the project, this is awesome. Here in
           | Texas, I would love to see a lot of people using these in the
           | bike lane.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Cheats as in 'breaking the law'.
        
           | glenjamin wrote:
           | Looking at those power numbers, I can't help but wonder how
           | much you'd gain by doing this sort of modification on a bike
           | that is more efficient and/or aerodynamic even without the
           | motor attached.
           | 
           | A touring bike frame with 700c wheels and a more stretched
           | out position would likely allow you to travel at the same
           | speed for lower total power output - and make your battery go
           | further (or not require such a large battery).
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | There are velomobiles here, and also e-bike versions of
             | those that go wicked fast. They also ride on the bike
             | paths. I think they're quite dangerous because they are so
             | low that you are riding below the height of a car hood (or
             | a mirror for that matter).
             | 
             | Here is a picture of one:
             | 
             | http://dutchbikes.nl/artwork2/kv4/passing.jpg
             | 
             | and a video:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAcy7EVRpXc
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | I think it's insane this is allowed on the streets
               | without a license or anything. I'm afraid of riding my
               | regular bike if there's no bike lanes, let alone
               | something like this in the middle of all the cars.
               | Insane.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Agreed, they are very dangerous. But there very few of
               | them (because people realize they are dangerous).
        
         | jbluepolarbear wrote:
         | Where I grew up a bike with a motor and pedals was a moped and
         | was legal to drive without license if under 50cc. They're still
         | considered bikes.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Here too, but today you would need a license for those. Ditto
           | with my bike, you can't ride it without a drivers license.
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | Why not just have reasonable rules for bike lanes, like a speed
         | limit and perhaps size/weight limits? Cars with a top speed of
         | 85mph and a 0-60 of 10 seconds are treated with precisely the
         | same rules as cars with a top speed of 170mph and a 0-60 of 3
         | seconds. We don't really need separate terminology or separate
         | lanes for them.
        
       | ml_basics wrote:
       | Awesome! What speed does eco mode mean? A 500km range is pretty
       | impressive, possibly also longer than it would be comfortable to
       | sit on a bike without needing to sleep!
        
       | deanc wrote:
       | I have a specialized Vado sl. You can purchase a range extender
       | and easily do over 100km with it, in reality closer to 200k. Any
       | reason you didn't consider this as it's manufacturer supported?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | The Vado SL with the range extender still has a smaller battery
         | than the Vado. If you want that kind of range all the time,
         | isn't the Vado the better choice? At $450 for 160Wh, the Vado
         | SL range extender is the worst deal in the Specialized catalog,
         | and that's saying something!
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I never even knew about the brand. The three that I looked at
         | were Stromer, Bosch based systems and Klever. The Bosch based
         | system won out because it doesn't use fancy one-off stuff,
         | there is a fairly good source for spares (batteries, motors,
         | controllers) and it seems to be the most reliable system on the
         | market. The Stromers are a bit faster (higher powered motors),
         | the Klever looks clunky and I've read a ton of stories about
         | their reliability issues.
         | 
         | Will look at the Vado, thanks for the pointer.
        
           | Matthias247 wrote:
           | Specialized is one of the most well-known bike brands among
           | enthusiasts. Unfortunately also one most expensive ones.
           | 
           | But they have some interesting innovation going on, e.g. with
           | the FutureShock system on rigid bikes, integration of storage
           | in downtubes, their various suspension designs on
           | mountainbikes, first dual-crown fork on an enduro bike, and
           | their own e-bike system.
           | 
           | You can think of them as the Apple of the bike market.
        
       | ericd wrote:
       | Ha awesome! Sorry if I missed it, but I didn't see a mention of
       | the weight of the battery pack by itself, how much does the
       | custom pack add?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | It adds about 7 kg.
        
       | fsflover wrote:
       | > the Bosch BMS is part of a DRM setup that pretty much prohibits
       | using 3rd party batteries
       | 
       | Another good reason to fight DRM:
       | https://www.defectivebydesign.org/.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Agreed, highly frustrating this. I found a way to make it work
         | but it would have been a lot better if third party batteries
         | could be supported by the system out-of-the-box without
         | butchering a Bosch pack first.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | You probably should add "Show HN:" in front of the title,
           | since it's you who posted and did all this. Thank you for a
           | great article!
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Will do. But since it seems to have sunk without a trace
             | I'm wondering if that's even worth it.
             | 
             | And you're welcome, that was a fun build.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > it seems to have sunk without a trace
               | 
               | Now, it's the top of this page:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/show
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, that's thanks to your comment. Was looking forward
               | to some more tips on pack construction and safety, but
               | fine.
        
       | bredren wrote:
       | I built a stretch cruiser ebike out of parts, including a bafang
       | / 8fun mid drive and 52v "shark" style battery. It does pedal
       | assist and straight up throttle to danger in lickety-split.
       | 
       | This is a cool project, however, I wouldn't have gone this route
       | because:
       | 
       | It isn't a great idea to lock up an ebike, but there are
       | circumstances where you might want to and you'll want to take the
       | battery with you when you do.
       | 
       | If you need added capacity, I'd recommend a second battery to
       | swap in during a longer ride. This can limit the size of the
       | extreme failure should that occur, and let's you choose less
       | weight for shorter trips.
       | 
       | Finally, there are some quality battery builds out there, in a
       | variety of shapes that include enclosures offering some
       | resistance to shock.
       | 
       | Besides all the testing and perfect wiring here, you can rely
       | somewhat on the seller to back up their work.
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | If the battery isn't easily removed then I would say it's
         | probably just as safe to lock up this ebike as much as any
         | other expensive bike. It'd be really hard to flip/fence with a
         | custom battery like that though
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | I love it. This is "only" three times the size of the battery in
       | a factory-built e-bike like the Specialized Turbo Vado 5.0, but
       | at half the price.
        
       | pdog wrote:
       | A city-wide charging network with standardized, user-replaceable
       | battery packs would be the "holy grail" of short- and medium-
       | range electric bike and moped commuting. Unfortunately, jury
       | rigging a larger battery capacity is the only solution due to
       | competing, non-interoperable solutions and outdated speed and
       | distance regulations.
        
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