[HN Gopher] M1 Pro 14" MacBook Pro Running KDE Plasma 5 on Arch ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       M1 Pro 14" MacBook Pro Running KDE Plasma 5 on Arch Linux ARM
        
       Author : nixcraft
       Score  : 355 points
       Date   : 2021-11-12 09:13 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | > _" So it basically ran for a whole day off of battery doing
       | hardware experiments. Still had 30% left."_
       | 
       | Are there metrics comparing efficiency / battery life of ARM
       | linux and OS X, on the same hardware? This sounds promising.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | This wouldn't be representative yet. Software rendering will
         | kill the efficiency. We'll need to wait for the GPU to be
         | properly supported.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Even without the GPU, it sounds like the M1 is quiet and
           | efficient, more so than any HP/Dell/Lenovo laptop I've used.
           | Most heat up quite quickly doing anything, and the battery
           | life quickly drops once you go past "light web browsing".
           | 
           | If someone can pull off the GPU in Linux on these, I have a
           | feeling they'll be some beastly Linux dev workstations too.
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | I just picked one up yesterday, I pulled it out of the box
             | at 70 percent, installed all my crap, set it up to my
             | liking, used it all afternoon and evening, closed the lid,
             | went to bed, and now I'm using it to type this comment and
             | the charger is still in the box.
             | 
             | It's frankly incredible.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | It seems they're at the stage where they could do with more
       | development help...
       | 
       | For example, bringup of the wifi can probably happen in parallel
       | with GPU work...
        
         | marcan_42 wrote:
         | WiFi already works, but the existing patch (which was written
         | by Corellium as part of their throwaway M1 Linux PR stunt
         | earlier this year) needs a complete rewrite, among other things
         | because the way it handles firmware is completely backwards. I
         | know how I want to do it, just need to spend a day or so on
         | that one, maybe another day on hooking up firmware copying into
         | the installer :)
        
       | mootzville wrote:
       | I don't understand why you'd want a Mac unless you intended to
       | run it's provided OS.
       | 
       | With Linux you can get the same hardware for half the price from
       | other manufacturers.
       | 
       | EDIT: By 'same hardware' I mean 'hardware with comparable /
       | equivalent performance'
        
         | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
         | Maybe because the M1 is a powerful, low-power-consumption CPU
         | and it is very hard to get powerful aarch64 CPUs outside of
         | this? Not everyone likes macOS.
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | _With Linux you can get the same hardware for half the price
         | from other manufacturers._
         | 
         | That might have been true before, but today no one else is
         | selling ARM laptops that can match the M1 Pro in performance
         | and efficiency.
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | No one else is selling laptops period that can match the M1
           | Pro in performance and efficiency. Much less the M1 Max.
        
           | mootzville wrote:
           | Agreed, but who will better take advantage of the CPI's
           | architecture to utilize those gains, the same people making
           | the hardware and native OS, or a Linux distro? Just because a
           | CPU can do something does not mean every OS / kernel is going
           | to use it.
           | 
           | What I was getting at is if you want Linux, you can get a
           | good Lenovo or Dell for about $1000-1200 that would seem /
           | feel compararble to a $2000 macbook.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | Some people just want Linux. Running it on Apple silicon
             | (that is, aarch64) is exactly what they want-performance
             | wise, it'll run circles around anything else in that price
             | race.
        
         | alimbada wrote:
         | Except there's no current hardware that has comparable /
         | equivalent performance to Apple Silicon chips. The tightly
         | integrated SoC allows for optimisations that x86 chips can't
         | even get close to in certain workloads like video editing.
         | That's not to say that M1 can do it all, but for the workloads
         | it excels at (and it excels at the majority) it is absolutely
         | the best choice for those that need it.
         | 
         | Even discounting the performance benefits of Apple Silicon, the
         | reliability and longevity of Apple products in and of itself is
         | reason enough for me to purchase them. I'm still using an early
         | 2011 Macbook Pro as my personal laptop but I no longer get
         | macOS upgrades; it's stuck on 10.13 and has been for some time
         | so I'll be installing Linux on it at some point in the near
         | future.
         | 
         | And I say all this as someone who once hated Apple for their
         | price premiums. I still find their prices hard to swallow even
         | though I have the means now compared to back then. But their
         | prices are easier to justify for me once you take all of the
         | above into account.
        
           | webmobdev wrote:
           | The only real attraction of the M1 Apple Silicon is the power
           | saving it offers, especially on laptops where it means longer
           | battery life. Other performance metrics are just temporary
           | gains that AMD / Intel will match up with future CPUs. (Intel
           | and AMD themselves used to compete similarly, with each
           | bettering the other over the years, and it will be no
           | different with Apple Silicons too).
           | 
           | Everybody understands that with soldered RAM, SSD and a
           | closed SoC the M1 Apple Silicon Macs are just one step away
           | from being a completely closed system like the iPhone / iPad
           | platform - all that Apple has to do is lock the boot-loader
           | of the Mac, like on iPhones / iPads, and tighten SIP to
           | prevent installation outside of its App Store. When (not if)
           | they do this, the users will be effectively trapped into the
           | Apple ecosystem, with them beholden to Apple's mercy on how
           | effectively and how long they can use their system (planned
           | obsolescence).
           | 
           | This is why many with common sense have ignored the new Apple
           | M1 systems, and continue to stick with the more open systems
           | relying on AMD / Intel. Constant hyping of "Linux on M1" is
           | meant to counter the perception of the closed-box macOS mono-
           | culture, and give us the _false hope_ that the M1 macs are
           | just like any other Intel  / AMD computer. Where as the
           | reality is that unless Apple releases hardware documentation
           | for it, all non-macOS operating systems on the M1 will always
           | offer sub-par performance.
        
             | marcan_42 wrote:
             | > Apple Silicon Macs are just one step away from being a
             | completely closed system like the iPhone / iPad platform
             | 
             | Apple Silicon Macs are _based_ on the iPhone  / iPad
             | platform. Apple _chose_ to spend a significant amount of
             | developer time _adding_ the ability for users to securely
             | load their own kernels, which is part of the new BootPolicy
             | system that iDevices do not have, and a documented feature
             | with multiple official tools to support it. There is a blog
             | writen by Apple 's head of XNU development detailing how to
             | use it. If Apple wanted to lock these machines down they
             | would've just not done any of that.
             | 
             | As for soldered RAM, you would need _8_ RAM sticks in
             | individual channels to match the M1 Max 's memory
             | bandwidth, at a much higher power consumption. Modular RAM
             | is no longer viable for low-power, high-performance
             | laptops. Modular, low power, high performance: pick two.
             | It's just the way the physics works. Carrying a 512-bit bus
             | across a connector isn't free, it has a significant
             | power/performance cost due to increased capacitance and
             | decreased signal integrity.
             | 
             | (Soldered SSDs, sure, that's a valid concern, but it has
             | nothing to do with the OS.)
             | 
             | > Where as the reality is that unless Apple releases
             | hardware documentation for it, all non-macOS operating
             | systems on the M1 will always offer sub-par performance.
             | 
             | Funny enough, we already have better VM performance than
             | macOS thanks to supporting the M1's vGIC (which macOS does
             | not use yet), and we've also figured out how to work around
             | a USB death issue that affects macOS, and I'm already
             | putting making simultaneous DisplayPort 1.4 + USB3 work if
             | at all possible on my TODO list, because I just found out
             | macOS can't do it.
             | 
             | No documentation doesn't mean we can't beat Apple at their
             | own game.
        
               | mst wrote:
               | > Modular RAM is no longer viable for low-power, high-
               | performance laptops.
               | 
               | The fact that this is true makes me grumpy for all the
               | obvious reasons, but even at my rather less informed
               | level of understanding it's still obviously true.
               | 
               | My "solution" here is basically to enjoy the better
               | batter life while grumbling quietly to myself ;)
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Prefacing this with that I'm not normally a Apple fan and use
         | Linux on Intel and AMD CPUs as my daily driver.
         | 
         | Apple does do incredible hardware, but their software is really
         | crappy, from UX to reliability and being general useful. Since
         | the M1 appeared, I've been looking at purchasing it only for
         | the hardware, but then run something like Arch Linux on it, as
         | that software experience is really hard to beat.
         | 
         | So in short, the combination of Apple hardware but Open
         | Source/Linux software makes a lot of sense and is a pleasure to
         | work with. The hardware Apple been producing lately been kind
         | of shit though, so it's not until now it starts being
         | interesting again.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | Yeah I've been an apple fan for years. As of a couple of days
           | ago my work desk has a M1 MacBook pro and a ryzen x5800
           | running Linux Mint. The CPUs are remarkably similar - same
           | core count, and only slightly different single core
           | performance. So the only main difference is software.
           | 
           | I expected the MacBook to blow Linux out of the water - after
           | all, their hardware and software integration is excellent.
           | The trackpad drivers and consistent UI is fantastic. But
           | watching CPU usage on both machines, Linux mint stays lean
           | and quiet while the MacBook has all sorts of weird processes
           | popping up to do who knows what.
           | 
           | On macos the "WindowServer" process sometimes just pegs an
           | entire core until I reboot. My usb-c Ethernet dongle doesn't
           | do hardware offload, so cpu usage goes way up when I use it.
           | Firefox uses way more CPU on macos than it does on Linux. And
           | there's random processes all the time reporting things to
           | apple or other garbage like that. I've been googling process
           | names all day trying to figure out what all this crap does.
           | Spotify alone uses 10% of a core on macos sometimes, even
           | when it's not even playing music.
           | 
           | It was a pain to get Linux working how I want it to. But now
           | that it's mostly[1] set up, it feels snappier and more
           | reliable than macos. When I don't touch the computer, it
           | settles at 0% CPU; just like it should. I suppose that's what
           | the desktop looks like without the last decade of macos
           | features that nobody really cares about.
           | 
           | I'm really surprised how close the competition feels between
           | my two machines; though I miss Snow Leopard.
           | 
           | [1] Keyboard shortcuts on are all over the place in Linux
           | though. And I can't even set keyboard shortcuts up how I'd
           | like because intellij can't use the meta key as a modifier.
           | And the Linux trackpad drivers are nowhere near as well tuned
           | as they are in macos. In linux the trackpad is way too
           | sensitive. I'm sure there's a way to fix it hiding in a
           | config file somewhere.
        
         | messe wrote:
         | > EDIT: By 'same hardware' I mean 'hardware with comparable /
         | equivalent performance
         | 
         | Where are you finding laptops with comparable displays at half
         | the price?
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | What do you want to compare about the display?
           | 
           | - Resolution? There the macbooks are behind both in aspect
           | ratio (worse than 3:2) and in pixels (4k or 4k+ vs...)
           | 
           | - Contrast? Not OLED, so worse.
           | 
           | - Refresh rate? Good enough, but far from top of the line.
           | 
           | - Gamut? That is a point. But also available e.g. asus
           | 
           | - Brightness? Outdoor viewable screens have been as bright as
           | that or brighter since windows XP days, but fairly
           | specialized. I guess I prefer contrast (OLED), but yeah,
           | difficult to find outside a macbook.
           | 
           | - Touch, wacom pen? Oh, none.
           | 
           | It is a really great quality screen, but not "the best".
        
             | ArgyleSound wrote:
             | He suggested that you can't find a similar or better
             | quality display for $1000, not that it's the best display
             | that exists.
             | 
             | At that price point you can find something that, at best,
             | meets three of the criteria you've listed while heavily
             | compromising on the rest.
        
             | qudat wrote:
             | link us with better alternatives please
        
             | messe wrote:
             | > It is a really great quality screen, but not "the best".
             | 
             | I never said it was the best. The previous poster said that
             | you can find comparable hardware at half the price. At
             | lower price points than MacBooks/Dell XPS/Microsoft
             | Surface, I've usually found the screen quality to be the
             | hardest to match.
        
       | jeroenhd wrote:
       | I was surprised by glxgears/OpenGL running, but in a later tweet
       | I read this:
       | 
       | > It's been running the glxgears demo (60% all-core CPU usage)
       | 
       | Looks like it'll be a while before this thing runs Linux with
       | anywhere near acceptable performance if glxgears still runs in
       | software at 60% CPU.
        
         | JustFinishedBSG wrote:
         | The % usage is not indicative of anything considering it will
         | use as much CPU as possible to reach as high a frame rate as
         | possible
        
           | rowanG077 wrote:
           | I think by default glxgears has vsync enabled. But it's
           | trivially possible to disable it with an env var. Considering
           | the CPU usage I assume that is what was done. 60% CPU usage
           | for running glxgears at 120Hz seems excessive.
        
             | marcan_42 wrote:
             | There is no vsync with the dumb framebuffer backend I'm
             | using. We have a real display driver, but it needs rebasing
             | and adapting to work on these laptops (it was developed on
             | the Mac Mini).
        
             | e_proxus wrote:
             | I always remember glxgears running at hundreds of FPS and
             | it being used as a poor man's benchmark. Perhaps this has
             | changed of late though...
        
               | rowanG077 wrote:
               | I always have had to set `vblank_mode=0` to get it to run
               | as fast as possible.
        
         | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
         | If networking and KVM suport exist for this (I think it does),
         | then these would make great servers as well.
        
         | qalmakka wrote:
         | Yeah it's LLVMpipe, it's basically doing everything in software
         | and Plasma uses quite a bit OpenGL for animations and
         | compositing. A lighter WM like Fluxbox could maybe be easier on
         | the CPU. In any case, looking back at Nouveau, writing decent
         | drivers for a GPU nobody has specs of is definitely
         | challenging. Only time can tell.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | Working off inprecise documentation or reverse engineering
           | everything is nothing new in the Linux world. At least on the
           | M1 drivers seem to be able to exert full control over the
           | card, compared to newer Nvidia cards where firmware _signed
           | by Nvidia_ is required to boost the card to a reasonable
           | clock frequency!
        
         | gigatexal wrote:
         | He also mentions: "buttery smooth software only rendering"
        
       | rpmisms wrote:
       | Not a technical comment, but wow, Plasma 5 looks great on that
       | hardware.
        
       | prike wrote:
       | I've been watching macran's stream on youtube in the last couple
       | of days, where he had to fix a lot of stuff so this notebook can
       | come to life. If you are intrested in
       | ARM/bootloader/linux/drivers, I highly recommend the stream
       | recordings.
        
         | packetlost wrote:
         | Mind linking me to their channel?
        
           | anirudh24seven wrote:
           | I had the same question and I found this:
           | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxS98ISZNcuaJRCvy6JV6Fw
        
           | runnerup wrote:
           | Looks like: https://www.youtube.com/c/marcan42/videos
        
       | hyproxia wrote:
       | I really hope that all of these efforts end up failing miserably.
       | Their only purpose is to encourage customers to buy from these
       | companies.
       | 
       | It'll be entertaining to watch them engage with their sisyphean
       | mental gymnastics once Apple releases a new product with extra
       | wrenches for their pleasure.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | >I really hope that all of these efforts end up failing
         | miserably.
         | 
         | Deep breaths my friend. Maybe time for a walk in the sunshine.
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | Apple seems to draw so much actual pure hate...
           | 
           | It's like, I can understand hating an oil company or
           | something like that, but Apple? Geez.
        
         | pbasista wrote:
         | > Their only purpose is to encourage customers to buy from
         | these companies.
         | 
         | No, you are assuming too much. People who do this are typically
         | not interested in boosting Apple's sales at all. They merely
         | want to make a good use of a good hardware.
         | 
         | In general, the ignorance or inability to understand why
         | something is being done does not imply that it in fact is
         | pointless.
         | 
         | For instance, I do not fully see well into the physics of the
         | general relativity. But that does not entitle me to imply that
         | the people who dedicate their lives to exploring this field are
         | wasting their time.
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | > It'll be entertaining to watch them engage with their
         | sisyphean mental gymnastics once Apple releases a new product
         | with extra wrenches for their pleasure.
         | 
         | I mean, you're looking at the new Apple product. This project
         | started on M1 and now it's being extended to work on M1 Pro.
        
           | marcan_42 wrote:
           | Wrenches found so far: they changed some hardware blocks to
           | scale up to ~2TB of RAM (up from 32GB theoretical max on the
           | M1) and better support more CPU cores and multi-die setups
           | (future product?). And they moved some fuse bits around.
           | 
           | Seems pretty reasonable to me.
        
         | reificator wrote:
         | > _I really hope that all of these efforts end up failing
         | miserably. Their only purpose is to encourage customers to buy
         | from these companies._
         | 
         | Or to enable customers to migrate away bit-by-bit because cold
         | turkey is _hard_.
         | 
         | I personally am running linux full-time on my personal
         | machines, but I wouldn't have ever made the switch had I not
         | been able to run linux in a VM for a few weeks and then dual
         | boot for a few years and then run windows in a VM for another
         | few years. If people back in the early 2000s had your mindset
         | I'd probably be running a mix of windows and mac today.
        
       | nbzso wrote:
       | The only motivation for me to own Apple hardware in 2021 is the
       | ability to use FOSS software in the natural habitat of Linux.
       | 
       | I don't trust Apple's software and "ideas" of computing at all.
       | Just another big company with data gathering ambitions. After
       | Catalina MacOs is a total joke.
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/17/technology/apple-china-ce...
       | 
       | So let's hope that running Linux on M cips will be possible,
       | soon.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > After Catalina MacOs is a total joke
         | 
         | I'm running Monterey now, and nothing has changed for me
         | between Catalina and Monterey. The security changes (like
         | kernel extensions, some paths, etc) and deprecations (32-bit
         | apps), that broke some of the software/devices I had, were
         | already present in Catalina. What damning difference do you see
         | in Big Sur and Monterey?
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | > What damning difference do you see in Big Sur and Monterey?
           | 
           | the ui/ux i presume
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | But if you don't want MacOS why wouldn't you buy a $800 laptop
         | and don't have to worry about ARM compatibility?
        
       | zerr wrote:
       | What's Win10/11 story on m1 macs?
        
         | viktorcode wrote:
         | Wholly dependent on Microsoft. So far, they didn't say anything
         | apart from indicating last year that they don't have immediate
         | plans to do it.
        
           | DHowett wrote:
           | > Wholly dependent on Microsoft.
           | 
           | Not wholly, surely? As an OEM, Apple would need to provide
           | drivers. Given that their system isn't an off-the-shelf
           | SBBR/ServerReady ARM64 device, that's going to be a not-
           | insignificant amount of work that isn't Microsoft's
           | responsibility.
           | 
           | Seeing as the Asahi Linux project has had to reverse-engineer
           | pretty much everything, I don't see how Microsoft could be
           | totally on the hook.
        
             | marcan_42 wrote:
             | It's precisely it not being a SystemReady ARM64 device that
             | makes it Microsoft's responsibility. The Windows kernel
             | requires core changes to support this hardware; it cannot
             | be done with just drivers. Nobody can make Windows work on
             | this without Microsoft's help. Same reason we had to make a
             | few changes to core Linux plumbing, besides adding drivers.
        
               | DHowett wrote:
               | Ah, thanks for the explanation! That makes sense.
        
             | NobodyNada wrote:
             | Apple has publicly stated that they're willing to do that,
             | but Microsoft refuses to license Windows for the M1:
             | https://www.macrumors.com/2020/11/20/craig-federighi-on-
             | wind...
        
               | Isthatablackgsd wrote:
               | I'm surprised Apple stated that as macOS (ARM) have
               | stretchy support for dual booting, even with two macOS
               | version installed. So how could Apple be willing to do
               | that if they haven't flesh out the dual-booting for Apple
               | Silicon? Strange they passes the ball to Microsoft
               | (deflecting to their competitor) whereas Apple should be
               | holding the ball until it is capable enough.
        
           | wolpoli wrote:
           | Microsoft doesn't offer Windows 11 unless it is bundled with
           | hardware. I am sure that if Apple wishes to sell Macbook Pro
           | with Windows, Apple could reach out and Microsoft would be
           | interested. But I really doubt that Apple would want to go
           | down this route.
        
             | blue_cookeh wrote:
             | Eh? You can go out and buy a retail copy of Windows 11 from
             | loads of places without hardware. E.g. here in the UK Scan,
             | Ebuyer, Insight, etc. All major software/hardware sellers.
        
               | wolpoli wrote:
               | My bad. I should have specified Windows 11 ARM.
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | Buy a copy of Parallels, run the Windows 11 ARM64 insider
         | preview in a VM. Works pretty great for everything but gaming.
         | 
         | If you want to activate it, use slmgr with some sketchy third
         | party KMS server.
        
         | k8sToGo wrote:
         | Won't happen because it would work against their Surface
         | efforts, I think
        
           | _fzslm wrote:
           | for a software-focussed company like Microsoft to deny
           | running Windows on the M1 seems very strange to me...
           | 
           | if MSFT is serious about (eventually) transitioning to ARM
           | for the majority of consumer-oriented Windows machines, it
           | surely makes sense for them to provide support for the most
           | adopted ARM-based laptop and desktop platform out there... to
           | bolster development of ARM-native applications for Windows on
           | ARM, if nothing else.
           | 
           | i don't own either machine -- but i imagine the ARM-based
           | Surface Pro X would make a miserable development experience,
           | especially compared to a hypothetical Windows on M1(X)
           | MacBooks.
           | 
           | we shall see i suppose, but i would be very surprised if we
           | never see it happen.
        
         | Tsiklon wrote:
         | Bare metal Win10/11 ARM is non functional on the M1 machines,
         | Virtualised is officially unsupported [1], there is no apparent
         | talk of official support for either in the rumour mill. However
         | it wouldn't surprise me if there was a working dev build in
         | Redmond somewhere.
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/10/windows_11_m1/
        
         | trollitarantula wrote:
         | no such story
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | "The End."
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | A static image with no example videos of software rendering?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | The only thing that would make it better is the M2 Pro where the
       | Notch will be directly in the middle of the screen so that we can
       | optimize zoom calls even more.
        
       | darthrupert wrote:
       | I love Linux but after 5 years of using Apple products
       | exclusively, I have learned to hate everything except Apple
       | hardware.
       | 
       | Linux on macbooks would be an amazing dream.
        
         | viktorcode wrote:
         | You can run it in a VM
        
         | moonchrome wrote:
         | I don't get this. The only reason I feel Apple has an advantage
         | compared to competition is software integration.
         | 
         | M1 performance in laptops is great but that's only been true
         | for a year or so, for the last 5 years Apple laptops have been
         | hot garbage.
         | 
         | As an owner of fully loaded 2018 mbp (i9/upgraded GPU, 32 GB
         | ram) I can without a doubt say it's the worst premium device
         | I've ever owned. The battery runs out on me after 1 hour
         | meeting - and I have >100 cycles on it. The amount of heat and
         | noise it produces is surreal, and that's after I opened it and
         | cleaned up the vents (which clog easily) and added thermal pads
         | to connect VRM to chassis (which helped significantly, prior to
         | that the CPU would downclock so bad I couldn't use anything on
         | my device after 15 mins in a Google meet connected to a 5k
         | monitor).
         | 
         | Not to mention all the bugs I had to go through with it -
         | wasn't untill 6 months after I purchased the device that I
         | could actually use my 5k on my USBC monitor on full resolution
         | - only started working after an OS upgrade.
         | 
         | And the keyboards failing being a known problem they replace
         | out of warranty because they recognise their design sucks
         | (luckily I use external keyboard 95% of the time).
         | 
         | Apple hardware was mediocre at best for the price they charge,
         | up until M1.
         | 
         | In the mobile space, they are faster but as someone who
         | switched from an iPhone to Samsung - I can't really say it
         | matters. Phones are good and well rounded but nothing
         | spectacular, hardware is on par with Samsung.
         | 
         | Again using the Mac/iOS combo is really nice so the software
         | integration is next level, but considering their business
         | practices I refuse to get locked in to the ecosystem, it's just
         | too limiting.
         | 
         | And Linux on M1 would likely be subpar to any premium x86
         | device, Linux support sucked even on x86 Macs.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | This is why Apple went to their own CPUs due to the poor
           | thermal dynamics of the recent x86 chips. The recent chips
           | are like the PowerPC chips of 2005.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Do you have any 5nm x86 chips that you could compare it to?
        
           | kule wrote:
           | I understand the frustration, especially if your first
           | impression of Apple is a MacBook Pro is in the 2016-2019 era
           | - you've probably seen the worst MacBooks available and not
           | the best of Apple.
           | 
           | There were some good things, the displays were excellent, the
           | touchpad is still the best in class, and the size/weight were
           | excellent.
           | 
           | But usb-c only was step too far, the Touch Bar wasn't the
           | right move for a Pro audience (i), there wasn't enough room
           | for cooling the intel chips and the keyboard situation was
           | farcical - it's the primary interface to a Mac (can you
           | imagine the outcry if iPhones had touch displays randomly not
           | working, doing extra touches etc?!).
           | 
           | I think Apple gets a lot of leeway because the 2008-2015
           | MacBook Pros were probably the best laptops you could buy.
           | 
           | Having owned a 2009 MacBook Pro which in my opinion was the
           | best laptop I'd ever owned and never made me question the
           | amount of money I spent on it. The 2016 MacBook Pro was the
           | exact opposite (mainly due to the keyboard being so bad).
           | 
           | I'm glad Apple have come to their senses and course
           | corrected. I do wonder though for people that have only seen
           | the 2016-2019 era if they will bother to try Apple again...
           | 
           | (i) I understand it probably would've made it too expensive
           | to produce but I think the Touch Bar would've gone down well
           | on a MacBook Air where I would imagine there's a lot more
           | hunt-and-peck typists that'd appreciate and notice what's
           | being displayed on the Touch Bar. As a touch typist I never
           | looked down to see the Touch Bar so it was a mostly wasted on
           | me.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | > I'm glad Apple have come to their senses and course
             | corrected. I do wonder though for people that have only
             | seen the 2016-2019 era if they will bother to try Apple
             | again...
             | 
             | I'm one of those angry bastards, and I even own an M1
             | Macbook Air. The hardware is impressive, no doubt, but
             | MacOS frustrates me so much these days that I cannot daily-
             | drive it for my workflow. Plus, once you make the switch to
             | Linux it's really hard to see Apple products as an upgrade
             | anymore. You're giving away your freedom, and condemning
             | yourself to paying $8 to manage your windows properly or
             | $10 just to hide some statusbar icons. And when all is
             | said-and-done, I can't move that statusbar to the left side
             | of my screen... God it frustrates me endlessly. When I saw
             | how Big Sur redesigned everything, I just gave up on the OS
             | altogether. The thousand papercuts I feel on MacOS are
             | reduced to a couple hundred on Linux, the majority of which
             | I can automate away without worrying about some bigger
             | company pulling the rug out from under me.
             | 
             | I really wanted Apple Silicon to be a barnburner for me,
             | and I was _hoping beyond hope_ that they would take the
             | extra space savings to add an M.2 drive or an easier to
             | repair chassis. At this point though, I think I 'm
             | contented to just stop caring. Apple courageously headed in
             | a direction I'm not ready to follow in, so I cut them loose
             | in exchange for all my sweet creature comforts. And how
             | comforting it is.
        
               | washadjeffmad wrote:
               | I sympathize with many of your takes, but have you looked
               | into Framework[1] laptops?
               | 
               | They're currently only Intel based, but there's a
               | marketplace where you can buy or sell just the mainboards
               | once the AMD, RISC V, or ARM64 models become available.
               | 
               | [1] https://frame.work/
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Framework looks great! I actually have no real need to
               | upgrade my hardware right now though, as all my devices
               | still run fine. I'd be very interested in picking up a
               | RISC-V model once it hits manufacturing though, they seem
               | very promising.
        
         | flatiron wrote:
         | Honestly I use Linux on a MacBook Air 2013. 4 gigs of ram and
         | haswell i5 and it's an amazing machine. It's not my work
         | machine for compiling and running a ton of apps but it's super
         | solid. Great battery life. Runs chrome amazing and Stardew
         | valley great.
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | It's probably going to be a cool toy, but being able to use the
         | hardware to its full potential and also having Linux on ARM
         | Macs be your daily work driver is going to be a humongous
         | challenge.
         | 
         | I wonder if it will ever happen outside of very limited use
         | cases.
        
           | sirwitti wrote:
           | What makes you say that?
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | They need to reverse engineer the GPU, the ML cores, the
             | security chips. They need to figure out power management
             | and use it as well as MacOS.
             | 
             | Apple will just throw some crap random docs at them, best
             | case scenario. They won't discourage it actively but they
             | won't help them either.
             | 
             | The time budget for high quality engineers working on this
             | will also be limited as there's no market that I think of,
             | only itch scratching. Which generally takes you to "good
             | enough/mediocre" not to "awesome for the general public".
        
               | marcan_42 wrote:
               | > The time budget for high quality engineers working on
               | this will also be limited as there's no market that I
               | think of, only itch scratching.
               | 
               | That's why I started this project backed by a Patreon. I
               | knew this couldn't be accomplished via itch scratching;
               | it has to be a job (not quite full time yet, but a good
               | chunk thereof).
               | 
               | FWIW: the userspace GPU driver is now passing 90% or so
               | of the GLES tests running on macOS; only the kernel side
               | is not started yet. The ML cores are a niche use case and
               | broadly not useful for anyone not doing machine learning
               | on Linux (but some people are interested in them and have
               | started taking a look). And power management already
               | works to a significant extent; in the next week or so
               | I'll be submitting v3 of the PMGR driver and v2 of the
               | cpufreq driver for upstreaming, and starting work on SMC
               | (needed for battery/charging info). And the security chip
               | (SEP) has already been poked at; the mailbox interface to
               | it is shared with other chips and has already been
               | upstreamed, and the protocol on top isn't terribly
               | complicated. It's mostly a matter of building a little
               | driver to give userspace access to it, and writing some
               | tooling to use it.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Well, I wish you luck!
               | 
               | Unfortunately I'm a late pragmatist so I'm probably half
               | a decade away from using your work :-)
               | 
               | https://tbkconsult.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2016/05/Crossing-t...
        
               | cute_boi wrote:
               | I don't understand apple why don't they provide docs so
               | thousands of Dev don't waste time reversing their api. It
               | will also help to bring some PR stuff to apple. But it
               | seems they are too concerned and doesn't their user to
               | use other os.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Playing devil's advocate:
               | 
               | Apple provides the complete package. If you're
               | homebrewing on top of their PCs, that's your problem and
               | you're actually more of a nuisance to them. They don't
               | actually get any benefit from you and you, being an
               | advanced user, are very likely to have demands that are
               | not representative of the general population and that
               | also risk being difficult to accommodate. What could you
               | possibly do that the All Mighty Apple(tm) can't do
               | better?
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | Playing devil's advocate's devil's advocate: Maybe Apple
               | is trying to cater to advanced users again?
               | 
               | In the last decade or so, we've seen Apple flip-flop
               | their designs and priorities between content creators and
               | content consumers. If you can remember back to the 2000s,
               | with the first-gen Mac(book) Pros, those were actually
               | pretty remarkable computers, albeit very expensive and
               | arguably overpriced from a performance per dollar
               | standpoint. They were proper workstations -- if you could
               | afford them. They also ran Windows via Boot Camp, with
               | first-party drivers. Apple recognized the incremental
               | value of supporting "advanced users" then, even if it was
               | just a small niche.
               | 
               | Then the iPhone and iPad came on the scene, and quickly
               | overtook not only the Mac market but the computing market
               | in general. Content consumption, and App Store profits,
               | thus became most of Apple's revenue, and their priorities
               | shifted accordingly. Once Jobs died and Jony Ive took
               | over, they tried to refactor their computing devices to
               | be more like their consumption devices, changing the Macs
               | from workstations to, I don't know what, designer
               | furniture with screens? The Mac Pro (trash can) was
               | obsolete within a year, the Macbook Pros went from
               | fantastic workstations to experimental art featuring
               | terrible keyboards and no ports and broken-by-design
               | cooling.
               | 
               | Enter the present day. Jony Ive left (good riddance!) and
               | they are again free to pursue the content creator market
               | and cater to user demands, not the holier-than-thou
               | vision of their annoying designer. The Macbook Pro is
               | back with a vengeance (hopefully the desktop Pro soon),
               | now featuring a vastly superior chipset, with a powerful
               | & efficient CPU/GPU, ML chips, hardware encoders, etc. If
               | only it had a USB-A port. Anyway, those are all signals
               | Apple is starting to take the workstation market more
               | seriously again.
               | 
               | The market has also changed in the intervening years. Any
               | ol' laptop will suffice for most users. For some, iPads
               | with a keyboard or Chromebooks are more than enough. For
               | the remaining power users, what are their options?
               | Surface, ThinkPad, Latitude, and now Macbooks again,
               | finally. But that requires accommodations for "pro"
               | workflows and tooling, and these early signs are
               | encouraging, or they wouldn't have bothered much past the
               | Macbook Air.
               | 
               | If Apple was able to support Boot Camp for Windows,
               | there's no reason they can't provide similar support for
               | other ARM operating systems, whether that's Linux or
               | Windows for ARM. Parallels can already run Windows on a
               | M1. Adobe has ported much of their stuff over to M1,
               | Unity is halfway there, Unreal is thinking about it,
               | Docker works... which is to say, the industry is excited
               | about the possibility that Apple is going to start caring
               | again. Hopefully. Maybe.
               | 
               | Personally, I'm also intrigued by the possibility of M1
               | in data centers, in rack mounts, with amazing
               | performance/watt metrics. If that happens, surely Linux
               | development on M1 will pick up alongside, and that may
               | trickle back down to desktop users? One can hope. I don't
               | think Apple has ever been in this situation before: where
               | its own chips (as opposed to integration and design) risk
               | disrupting the status quo. It's an exciting time. We'll
               | see if it lasts...
        
               | pjerem wrote:
               | > They don't actually get any benefit from you and you
               | 
               | Actually they don't get any penny from me because I can't
               | run Linux on M1. I like MacBooks. I like OSX.
               | 
               | I'd love to buy one of those M1 and even keep OSX on it
               | but I'm never going to buy a computer whose OS updates
               | could be stopped at any time with no replacement
               | possibility.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | My Cyrix-based machines don't get software updates
               | anymore, even with any modern Linux distros :'(
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | I agree, I think Apple would profit from directly
               | supporting Linux on their hardware. Their main profit is
               | in selling the hardware and that they would do, probably
               | to a lot of people who wouldn't buy Apple hardware right
               | now. The Apple Silicon are some damn nice chips.
        
               | webmobdev wrote:
               | > _Their main profit is in selling the hardware_
               | 
               | Not anymore - it's now about selling services to get
               | recurring income. E.g. App Store (to extort money from
               | developers), Apple Care, Apple Pay and iCloud (from
               | users) etc.
               | 
               | That is why they are locking down the Mac systems too,
               | and making it a closed system like the iPhone / iPad
               | platform. They have been doing this for a while now. The
               | only thing that now differentiates an M1 mac to an iPad
               | or iPhone is that the bootloader is not locked on the M1,
               | and so you can still theoretically install another OS.
               | (Ofcourse, the practical reality is that due to the
               | closed box nature of the M1 Apple Silicons SoC, non-macOS
               | OS can't exploit the full benefit of the hardware and
               | will always offer subpar performance).
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | No, they are not locking down the Mac, Asahi Linux is a
               | good example of that. Also, they are not locking down
               | users of MacOS. As I wrote in a separate post, they do
               | have some incentive to sell hardware for Linux
               | enthusiasts. Those wouldn't have considered a Mac
               | otherwise. And if they have a Mac, they would try also
               | MacOS and all Apple offerings.
        
               | ccouzens wrote:
               | Apple likes to upsell their users on additional Apple
               | products.
               | 
               | If you're not running their software, you're not in their
               | ecosystem and they can't upsell you.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | No doubt about that. But I think most people, who would
               | buy a Mac specifically to run Linux on it, wouldn't see a
               | Mac without Linux as an alternative, they would just get
               | some PC hardware. If they buy a Mac for Linux, they might
               | try out MacOS too and that would be an opportunity for
               | Apple to expand the user base.
        
               | LASR wrote:
               | > I don't understand apple why don't they provide docs so
               | thousands of Dev don't waste time reversing their api.
               | 
               | It's exactly because they don't want thousands of Devs
               | wasting time at all. Why reimplement something that
               | already works well as a computing platform?
               | 
               | There is no good reason why they would want to do this.
               | But it's not like they're blocking everything and locking
               | it down. They just haven't published docs etc - which can
               | carry a significant maintenance cost.
        
               | ladyanita22 wrote:
               | Shitty explanation. If they don't want people to waste
               | time, give them what you already know.
        
               | lonelyasacloud wrote:
               | On the plus side though there is a relatively small pool
               | of actual hardware targets that they have to make it work
               | on.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | True. But for example Nvidia GPUs have never been reverse
               | engineered fully, more than 20 years after their
               | introduction. Because Nvidia updates their tech, just as
               | Apple will.
        
               | marcan_42 wrote:
               | Nvidia actively sabotaged reverse engineering efforts
               | with their firmware shenanigans, and also Nvidia hardware
               | is way, _way_ worse to support than Apple. Apple actually
               | makes very clean SoCs with neat software interfaces and
               | keeps compatibility across SoCs except when they need to
               | break things. Case in point: I brought up our existing M1
               | efforts on the M1 Pro in 4 days, and that involved
               | changing several drivers because they actually made a big
               | compatibility break in order to support more cores and
               | more RAM (the new versions support over a terabyte and
               | probably dozens of cores, so I doubt they 'll change them
               | again for quite a few chip generations).
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | If you look at the progress of Asahi Linux, I am very
               | optimistic that Linux on Apple Silicon becomes a
               | reasonable thing quite soon. Most of the basic hardware
               | infrastructure is already supported, GPU support is
               | coming along nicely too (90% of the GL tests already
               | passing). There might be corners of the chip not
               | supported for a long time, but if there were no neural
               | net acceleration, it might be a pitty, but not a
               | showstopper for all other tasks.
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | The good thing seems to be, that Apple doesn't intend to
               | break how they speak to the hardware across generations.
               | It is to simplify _their_ driver development, too.
        
             | davidatbu wrote:
             | No OP, But its most likely that Apple's software is
             | designed to take full advantage of the hardware, but to do
             | that with Linux software would require (1) a lot of
             | funding, and (2) documentation of the hardware, which as I
             | understand it, Apple is currently not willing to provide.
             | So the folks who work on this have to do a lot of reverse
             | engineering.
        
       | pndy wrote:
       | I guess the global menu ignores notch in the middle and displays
       | sections anyway? The difference in fonts between KDE and macOS is
       | visible here at first sight (ofc I know it's not surprising...).
       | And maybe that's what Apple should do - tweak GUI a bit? Because
       | from what I've read, people complain that menus are getting _cut
       | out_.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | > I guess the global menu ignores notch in the middle and
         | displays sections anyway?
         | 
         | Yep, but that's not really an issue on KDE since most widgets
         | will avoid the center of your bar unless you explicitly tell
         | something to display there. I'm sure some frustrated MBP owner
         | will push a fix for it in the future though, it's just a matter
         | of time.
         | 
         | > The difference in fonts between KDE and macOS is visible here
         | at first sight
         | 
         | Well, in this screenshot it is. As you can see, there's no GPU
         | acceleration on _anything_ here, which means they 've probably
         | got subpixel AA disabled (and obviously aren't running San
         | Francisco system-wide). You can configure the two to be
         | frighteningly similar though, in my experience.
        
           | marcan_42 wrote:
           | Subpixel AA has nothing to do with the GPU; not sure if it's
           | enabled by default or not though, I didn't touch it, but it
           | is pretty irrelevant with high-DPI screens. Apple does not
           | use subpixel AA by default any more for this reason (and
           | because they often use scaled non-native resolutions the way
           | their UI scaling is designed).
        
       | 1024core wrote:
       | Are there any comparable non-Apple laptops which are well
       | supported by Linux? I'd hate to pay the Apple tax, only to run
       | Linux on the bare metal. Plus, I'm assuming "Apple care" goes out
       | the window once you wipe out MacOS?
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | Not exactly comparable and not ARM, but
         | https://puri.sm/products/librem-14.
         | 
         | Another one is ARM, but _very_ under-powered:
         | https://www.pine64.org/pinebook-pro/.
        
         | michelledepeil wrote:
         | It's a different aesthetic, but t- and p-series thinkpads are
         | well supported by various linux distros and the experience is
         | considerably smoother (and with better battery life) than 5-10
         | years ago.
        
         | sahaskatta wrote:
         | Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon with Linux
        
         | nacs wrote:
         | Apple Care covers hardware issues so installing Linux shouldn't
         | void that unless you physically open up the laptop to do some
         | weird thing.
        
         | boldlybold wrote:
         | After running ubuntu on a Dell XPS 15 with varying degrees of
         | success the last four years, I placed an order for a Framework
         | laptop that will be shipping this month. I don't expect the
         | build quality to match that of apple, or even dell, but I've
         | read linux support is good, and will only get better with more
         | dedicated people on the platform.
        
           | nullwarp wrote:
           | My Framework is amazing and probably one of my favorite
           | laptops in quite some time. I think the build quality is
           | great all things considered
        
         | caymanjim wrote:
         | I used to rant about paying so much extra for Apple hardware
         | and call it the "Apple tax" too, but the truth is, no one else
         | makes good laptops. You're paying for more than simply the
         | brand.
         | 
         | I spent a fortune on a Lenovo X1 Extreme, and the thing bricked
         | itself three times in 14 months, the last of which was outside
         | the warranty window, and it's now basically impossible to get
         | repaired (I couldn't even get anyone to look at it, and Lenovo
         | is no help at all). Even if it weren't bricked, the shitty
         | plastic case is already getting loose (the display hinge is
         | loose/wobbly and squeaky); the speakers sound terrible; it's
         | loud; it gets unbearably hot.
         | 
         | Dell laptops are pretty good with Linux, but the build quality
         | is similarly poor. Linux-first laptops like System 76's are
         | clunky and inferior.
         | 
         | It's really hard to beat MacBooks on a hardware level. I'd love
         | to run Linux on one.
        
         | pqb wrote:
         | From my experience - a notable percent of all Dell laptops
         | (especially Precision and Latitude series) has a decent Linux
         | support. I have never been an owner of laptop from System76 or
         | any other brand that is targeting Linux users. However, I am
         | really interested in getting a Framework Laptop [0] for myself,
         | which looks nice and I have already read good opinions about
         | it.
         | 
         | [0]: https://frame.work/
        
         | marcan_42 wrote:
         | I'm not aware of any machines with comparable
         | performance/efficiency from any other vendor.
         | 
         | Apple officially supports running your own kernels on these
         | machines. This isn't a jailbreak, it's an official feature of
         | the hardware and firmware design that Apple added, and which
         | their EULA allows you to use in this way.
         | 
         | These machines are also not brickable, you can always do a DFU
         | restore from macOS or (soon; Monterey needs some stuff I
         | already figured out but haven't implemented yet, but it works
         | for older versions on the M1s) Linux using idevicerestore, no
         | matter how much you wipe or screw up.
         | 
         | (That said, I wouldn't recommend wiping macOS at this stage; we
         | expect most users to have a dual-boot setup.)
        
       | saint_angels wrote:
       | great news, the progress is much faster than I expected!
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_function
        
       | flakiness wrote:
       | Wondering how GPU is enabled. I thought Apple silicon GPU is
       | largely a black box. Or is it already reverse engineered in a
       | certain level?
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | > Wondering how GPU is enabled
         | 
         | For this demo it's not. It's doing CPU rendering, which the M1
         | is apparently fast enough to do while providing decent UI
         | performance (albeit while using 60% all-core CPU to do it).
         | 
         | > it already reverse engineered in a certain level?
         | 
         | It is. See:
         | 
         | - https://rosenzweig.io/blog/asahi-gpu-part-1.html
         | 
         | - https://rosenzweig.io/blog/asahi-gpu-part-2.html
         | 
         | - https://rosenzweig.io/blog/asahi-gpu-part-3.html
         | 
         | - https://rosenzweig.io/blog/asahi-gpu-part-4.html
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | Serious question since i don't know much, how can the display
           | be used without the gpu?
        
             | flakiness wrote:
             | The frame buffer doesn't have to be on the GPU side (and
             | for M1, it's unified memory architecture.) So the role of
             | the GPU is just to make the graphic related computation
             | faster. Things like composition and display output is kinda
             | orthogonal.
        
           | flakiness wrote:
           | Wow, things like this blog series are exactly what I'm
           | interested in! Thanks a lot!
        
       | _ph_ wrote:
       | I am so happy to see the quick progress of Linux on the ARM-Macs.
       | In the 80ies and 90ies, there were several competing processor
       | architectures on the market, but for the last 20 years for PCs it
       | was x86 only. With the Apple Silicon, there is now a real
       | contender, actually surpassing the current x86 offerings in many
       | aspects. And that is, why competition between architectures is so
       | important. And of course just interesting from a software
       | development perspective.
       | 
       | With Linux becoming a viable option on those machines, they
       | become interesting for a far wider audience than just the MacOS
       | users. Thanks to the great work by Alyssa, GPU acceleration
       | should be close too.
       | 
       | Then lets see when Linus gets himself a Mac, he already indicated
       | that he would be interested to do so as long as he doesn't have
       | to port Linux himself.
        
         | aroman wrote:
         | Linus did use a MacBook Air quite happily for several years.
         | Running Linux, of course.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | Big problem is that you can't buy M1 cpu like you can e.g. i9.
         | I think Apple should be forced to open up their platform so
         | other manufacturers could make laptops or desktops with that
         | CPU.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | > With the Apple Silicon, there is now a real contender,
         | actually surpassing the current x86 offerings in many aspects
         | 
         | It's absolutely NOT a real contender for widespread use until
         | you can buy a mini-itx, microatx or regular ATX motherboard
         | from any one of the well known dozen Taiwanese motherboard
         | manufacturers, and an individual CPU to socket into it. Or at
         | least a selection of motherboards with CPUs soldered onto them
         | from same vendors.
         | 
         | The hardware availability is basically a walled garden.
        
           | tcmart14 wrote:
           | I don't think whether you can buy it in a form factor though
           | is a good indicator of "contender of widespread use." It
           | ignores any technical merits and what the chip can actually
           | do. Can it enable someone to check email, watch youtube, and
           | check social media? Yes. Can it render graphics? Yes.If you
           | put someone infront of a Macbook with an M1, can they
           | accomplish everything hey can on an intel machine? Yes.
           | 
           | Now, is it probably priced out of being a real contender for
           | widespread use? Most likely. Is it offered is configurations
           | that suite everyone? Maybe not. But that doesn't mean it
           | can't accomplish the same or similar tasks. If someone can
           | sit at a computer and accomplish all of their normal tasks,
           | then for the most part, it is a contender for widespread use,
           | it is just a cost factor.
        
             | walrus01 wrote:
             | the subject matter of the parent is for widespread _linux_
             | use, which is rather unlikely if it 's only available from
             | one vendor.
             | 
             | yes iphones are mainstream, in terms of market share.
             | 
             | no iphones are no mainstream in any context related to use
             | of one's own choice of GPL licensed software.
        
           | sp332 wrote:
           | Isn't that much harder with architectures without a BIOS
           | equivalent? The components on the motherboard have to be told
           | how to talk to each other. Swapping out the CPU would require
           | some reconfiguration.
        
           | weatherlight wrote:
           | it'll happen eventually :)
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxdRSCQfhyw
           | https://www.solid-run.com/arm-servers-networking-
           | platforms/h...
           | 
           | - Layerscape LX2160A 16-core Arm Cortex A72 (up to 2GHz) - up
           | to 64GB DDR4 dual channel 3200MT/s - 4 x SATA 3.0 - 1 x PCIe
           | x8 Gen 3.0, open slot (can support x16) - 4 x SFP+ ports
           | (10GbE each) - 3 x USB 3.0 & 3 x USB 2.0 - GPIO header -
           | 170mm x 170mm standard Mini ITX form factor
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | I bet Apple will sell order(s) of magnitude more MacBooks
           | than the combined total sales of motherboards in those form
           | factors, so your definition of widespread is surprising to
           | me.
        
           | sliken wrote:
           | Sure, but Apple's proving what is possible. It's only a
           | matter of time until similar chips ship from the competition.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Its coming
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | In a few more years RISC-V may become a thing for general use
         | as well.
        
           | fosk wrote:
           | But will it be competitive enough?
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | I often find myself using ARM on the desktop nowadays. I use
         | android phones, Nvidia devices, SoCs (most famously raspi).
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | > With the Apple Silicon, there is now a real contender
         | 
         | Yeah, no. It's a walled ecosystem, not a 'contender' in the
         | sense that it can't be horizontally integrated with other
         | technologies.
        
           | weatherlight wrote:
           | it's not a walled eco system, people really need to stop
           | saying this.
           | 
           | iPhone is a walled garden Macs are not a walled garden.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | It is. You can't buy Apple Silicon without buying
             | everything else including a laptop and macOS. It's entirely
             | vertically integrated from iCloud account to transistors.
             | 
             | A real contender would be Amazon's Annapurna Labs with
             | their ARM processors or something with RISC-V.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | 20 years ago IBM PowerPC was still a contender too. With Apple
         | no less.
         | 
         | The x86/64 solo reign was more like 15 years.
         | 
         | But I miss it too. The 90s with all its amazing architectures.
         | SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, PA-RISC, PowerPC. I still have several of
         | those here at home :) Computers have become boring and it's
         | nice ARM is shaking things up.
         | 
         | I wonder if M1 will ever be fully supported though. With full
         | unrestricted video, 3D and AI acceleration. There seems to be a
         | lot of Apple secret sauce in these processors.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | > with all its amazing architectures. SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, PA-
           | RISC, PowerPC
           | 
           | And here's the thing, mostly they weren't amazing. They were
           | just expensive and not popular. But some things like SPARC
           | were just headache-inducing
           | 
           | https://atiqcs.wordpress.com/2016/11/15/sparc-register-
           | windo...
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | It was pretty amazing to enjoy 64 bit computing and before
             | Intel had it. They were more popular in some niches, for a
             | time, than anything else.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Yes Intel's attitude is too much based on marketing
               | sometimes.
               | 
               | "Consumers don't need 64-bit" (and trying to promote
               | Itanium)
               | 
               | "Consumers don't need ECC RAM"
               | 
               | It holds back the industry now that they are the only PC
               | platform.
               | 
               | PS: I think Itanium was a really good idea but again
               | marketing made it unviable. They wanted to position it
               | purely for servers, just at a time where there was a real
               | cost focus on servers using commodity hardware (e.g. from
               | Google)
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | Every architecture has its quirks. But compared to x86 and
             | its legacy, most RISC architectures were quite nice. And
             | the point is, you had multiple competing archtectures, so
             | there was a chance to try out new ideas and find out, which
             | of those were actually good.
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | > And here's the thing, mostly they weren't amazing. They
             | were just expensive and not popular.
             | 
             | I agree with this part, but the sparc register windows are
             | completely reasonable and obvious.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | It might be reasonable, but it's a chore, especially on
               | linux to work with it
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23709902
        
               | mst wrote:
               | "Avoiding needing to spill registers to the stack" is a
               | focus of much optimisation work in lots of places - and,
               | yeah, it's absolutely _work_ but the performance gains
               | can still be worth it.
               | 
               | Plus I'd argue that SPARC is enough simpler to work with
               | than x86 in other ways that you could look at it as
               | "spending your complexity budget somewhere else" more
               | than it being _more_ headache inducing.
               | 
               | (though admittedly I cut my teeth on assembly on an ARM2
               | so basically every modern architecture is kinda headache
               | inducingly complicated to me ;)
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | > The x86/64 solo reign was more like 15 years.
           | 
           | Solo, yes, probably 15 years. But domination? Probably
           | starting with the IBM PC in 1981 (ok, make that 1982 or 1983
           | to allow for the sales ramp up) until 2020. That's a very
           | long run for a computer architecture.
           | 
           | I expect that the next architectures to rise to the top will
           | be even more entrenched.
           | 
           | We're way past computing's early years, childhood and
           | adolescence.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | Yes, PCs are around since 1981, but if you looked around,
             | they were not that commonplace outside of businesses and
             | quite rare in private usages. There was the age of the home
             | computers, first 8-Bit (Atari, Commodore, TI), then the 68k
             | Machines, the first ARM. In parallel, all the great
             | workstation vendors with their RISC chips.
             | 
             | The PC for home usage really started only in the 90ies,
             | scientists would use workstations. It was only towards the
             | end of the 90ies, that x86 caught up with them and well
             | into the 2000 years, when they overtook them. It was
             | actually AMD who dealt the killing blow with the Athlon and
             | especially the Opteron. At that time, Intel was pushing
             | Ithanium as the architecture for professional usage and
             | kept x86 onto 32 bit with more game-optimized processors
             | (P4).
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | No offense, but that is all either wrong or ahistorical.
               | You write about personal computing history like someone
               | who experienced it after the fact and solely through blog
               | posts. (are you writing about the PC revolution as you
               | experienced it in some country other than the United
               | States?)
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | Well, sure, I experienced it in a country other than the
               | United States. Only 4% of the current human population
               | lives in the United States. To be precise, I am from
               | Germany and lived through all the times I described.
               | While PCs appeared in the 80ies, it was not until the
               | very late 80ies and early 90ies until they had some
               | significant home usage. And as far as I know, Apples were
               | very popular in the US at that time. In Europe they were
               | not very common, due to even worse prices than today :p.
               | But my school hat some Apple II, which I eventually used
               | with Pascal.
               | 
               | But for home usage, the "home computers" were popular as
               | named before. Universities used Suns till the late 90ies.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | > While PCs appeared in the 80ies, it was not until the
               | very late 80ies and early 90ies until they had some
               | significant home usage
               | 
               | That might have been true in Germany. It wasn't true in
               | the United States. IBM PC (and moreso, PC clone) adoption
               | was quite strong in the home from the mid eighties.
               | That's all I meant by the question about nationality - I
               | really do think there's a difference there when it comes
               | to market share. (I probably shouldn't beat the subject
               | to death but it was an interesting discussion)
        
               | chipotle_coyote wrote:
               | I don't think the US home computer market followed the
               | same path as Germany's. 68K-based machines never became
               | huge sellers over here, for instance, and the Macintosh
               | was the most successful of the bunch -- whereas it's my
               | understanding that in a lot of Europe, the Amiga and the
               | Atari ST were serious contenders even on into the '90s.
               | Conversely, IBM PC clones had taken the lead in US sales
               | by the end of the '80s and just never had any serious
               | competition by the early '90s. It's not an exaggeration
               | to say that Radio Shack was selling more Tandy 1000s than
               | the Amiga and the ST were selling _combined_ over here.
               | (There were games with specific Tandy 1000  "enhanced
               | graphics and sound," so it was actually considered a
               | viable market all on its own!)
               | 
               | > Apples were very popular in the US at that time
               | 
               | Well, the Apple II line was popular in the US in the late
               | 1970s through the mid-1980s -- at one point it was the
               | best-selling 8-bit computer, taking the throne from the
               | Radio Shack TRS-80 -- but the Mac was absolutely not a
               | big seller in the 1990s; Apple survived because they
               | dominated a few vertical markets like desktop publishing.
               | For _home_ computing, the first really successful Mac was
               | arguably the iMac circa 2000.
        
               | prescriptivist wrote:
               | Not sure what's wrong with OPs account. Care to give
               | examples?
               | 
               | It roughly aligns with my experience during that time.
        
               | ngcc_hk wrote:
               | So am I. Op seem ok.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | > Not sure what's wrong with OPs account.
               | 
               | Pretty much everything.
               | 
               | The OP made a number of statements about the various
               | platforms' marketshare over time which were inaccurate if
               | applied globally, but might have been accurate in a
               | certain country, hence my question to them. All of this
               | in service of an idea - that x86 hasn't been dominant for
               | four decades - which is so absurdly counterfactual that
               | it's silly to argue about. I mean, you guys know that
               | these sales figures are public, right?
               | 
               | Regarding the assertion that PCs were _ever_ "quite rare
               | in private usages." There are some pretty good charts of
               | the various home computers' marketshare available here:
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/4/
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/5/
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/6/
               | 
               | It occurs to me after sharing those that one could look
               | at those charts and assume all those IBM PCs were going
               | to businesses (that's an AWFUL LOT of businesses!) but I
               | don't have all day to spend on gathering this data...
               | research game sales in the mid eighties if you have
               | doubts about this! They were servicing a dying C64 and
               | Apple II market, and a rapidly growing x86 market. x86
               | did not wait for nineties (how is this even an
               | argument... jeez).
               | 
               | I still have the Athlon XP 3200+ system I built, but AMD
               | didn't deal any kind of "killing blow" with anything.
               | That's extremely silly. AMD did an admirable job of
               | forcing 64-bit adoption on the PC a bit sooner than Intel
               | would have liked (and driving multicore!), but x86's
               | domination in the marketplace did not have to wait for
               | _that._
               | 
               | In terms of marketshare, ARM didn't matter much until it
               | became an embedded standard. Regarding 68k, which the OP
               | brought up for some reason, I offer this:
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/7/
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | AMD did deliver the killing blow to Sun. At least in the
               | company I worked by then, they were all firmly Sun for
               | the large compute servers until the Opteron arrived. PCs
               | were nice as desktop machines, but large servers with
               | multiple CPUs and lots of gigabytes of RAM were not
               | feasible on x86 until the arrival of the Opterons.
               | Eventually they would replace all Sparc based compute
               | servers.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | I believe a lot of people had the experience your company
               | had at that time. But...
               | 
               | x86 (and Linux and Windows) started killing Unix and the
               | other architectures a lot sooner than Opteron. At some
               | point in the late nineties, SGI's workstation people
               | pretty much curled up on the floor in the fetal position,
               | moaning, "Windows NT, Windows NT." That spectacle was
               | downright undignified, although the NT box they produced
               | was impressive in its way. (They made some nice
               | contributions to Linux nevertheless. Would that they had
               | taken Linux even more seriously.) It says _something_
               | about their outlook on the future of MIPS, as well as
               | UNIX, that SGI designed their Visual Workstation using
               | Pentium in an era when Windows NT on MIPS was still a
               | thing.
               | 
               | You can't quite say that AMD64 killed sun. Sun actually
               | made some decent, if overpriced, Opteron stuff. Sun's
               | demise is a fun thing to discuss because former Sun
               | employees often have an interesting opinion about where
               | Sun went wrong. I'm waiting for the guy who says
               | something like "yeah, that was my department's fault. We
               | blew it and the company failed." So far I haven't seen
               | _that._
        
               | sliken wrote:
               | Indeed, Intel got flat footed and was pushing for 64 bit
               | only on itanium for a substantial price premium. AMD was
               | first to market with the x86-64 instruction set and did
               | quite well.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | I wouldn't short-change AMD by saying their big success
               | during that period was about the 32 vs 64 bit issue, or
               | Itanium. They made the fastest 32-bit x86 chip in the
               | world with the Athlon K7, and they did it four years
               | before they launched their 64-bit chip.
        
               | sliken wrote:
               | Sure, but the opteron doubled down on it. They added
               | x86-64 to a server class chip for the first time and they
               | moved the memory controller on chip, which made the AMD
               | scale dramatically better under a variety of workloads.
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | I was responding to the original OP who mentioned Intel
             | only.
             | 
             | I doubt it'll remain that stable. The mobile OSes have
             | already embraced a number of platforms, not even all ARM
             | based. Android seems to be quite flexible regarding
             | architectures with its pre-compilation. I think this is a
             | sign of what's to come.
             | 
             | RISC-V is also an upcoming player and if it's successful it
             | may spawn more fully open contenders. As we move to more AI
             | integration there's a whole new lifecycle opening up too in
             | terms of ML coprocessors. We're in the same situation as
             | early computers with multiple vendor-specific solutions.
             | 
             | I think on the security side there'll also be more hardware
             | signature checking rather than the chain-based checks of
             | Secure Boot. Rather than the OS checking if a program is
             | legit, the CPU could do it (already done on some custom
             | like consoles)
             | 
             | So I don't think computing is really mature at all. It just
             | has had a stable phase for a while.
        
         | loudmax wrote:
         | > With Linux becoming a viable option on those machines, they
         | become interesting for a far wider audience than just the MacOS
         | users.
         | 
         | While the option of running Linux on one of these M1 chips is
         | intriguing to many of us, I have a hard time seeing that this
         | will bring these machines to a "far wider audience" than MacOS
         | users. It does open up some niches, and in particular it could
         | mean that people will still be able to make use of these
         | laptops after Apple stops supporting them. But we're pretty
         | much a rounding error for the duopoly that owns the desktop OS
         | market.
         | 
         | I do share your admiration for the accomplishments of Alyssa
         | and all of those who are porting an open source operating
         | system to a new hardware design with little help from the
         | manufacturer.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > It does open up some niches,
           | 
           | I would love to be able to run Nuke, so definitely one of
           | those niches. There's not much *nix only software that can't
           | be run on macOS, but there's definitely lots of macOS
           | software not able to run on *nix. Being 1 reboot away from
           | using whichever is needed is dream a little dream territory.
        
           | marmaduke wrote:
           | I run a small Linux compute cluster for a research institute
           | with a ~8 kW budget. If it ran m1s, I'd have 5x more cores to
           | work with (and the cores would be faster). How niche is this?
        
             | kcb wrote:
             | Extremely niche
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | >How niche is this?
             | 
             | You my friend are the specialist of special snow flakes.
        
           | thih9 wrote:
           | > But we're pretty much a rounding error for the duopoly that
           | owns the desktop OS market.
           | 
           | We are a rounding error when it comes to casual usage; but in
           | the pro segment and especially for coding, Linux usage seems
           | nontrivial.
           | 
           | According to Wikipedia [1], Linux had 2.33% share in
           | laprop/desktop OS. But in a SO survey 25% of programmers
           | picked Linux.
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating
           | _sys...
        
           | xbar wrote:
           | The size of the audience is moot, but the benefit to me, a
           | software developer, is sizeable.
           | 
           | I have remained a Mac user through the most recent several
           | major OS X/OSX/MacOs/macOS changes with increasing reluctance
           | as Apple increases its ownership of my hardware. I "own" an
           | M1 Mac. I would like the freedom to run a free OS with free
           | drivers on it. I watch Asahi Linux and the associated work
           | closely. I donate and I hope.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | >I would like the freedom to run a free OS with free
             | drivers on it.
             | 
             | I may be reading this wrong, but it sounds like you think
             | this is something of a limit because of Apple. You have
             | always been able to do this if you could find software that
             | works. You can't "use" their OS on non-Apple hardware
             | though.
             | 
             | It's not Apple's responsibility to write code for software
             | that is not theirs. Could they release "drivers"? For what?
             | Why would they? The hopes of selling 1k more hardware units
             | to Linux devotees? Why would they want to incur the expense
             | of that support when it is such a tear in the ocean level
             | of user base?
        
               | 3836293648 wrote:
               | I thought they officially supported linux on the rack
               | version of the mac pro?
        
             | novok wrote:
             | It's really hard to beat apple's laptop hardware in overall
             | quality. Maybe framework will be there one day, but it's
             | difficult to see them with an ARM laptop any time soon. I
             | know more than one person who wants to just use apple
             | laptops with linux for example.
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | > It does open up some niches
           | 
           | A laptop that doesn't throttle down when unplugged from the
           | wall, yet still maintains an all day battery life is hardly a
           | niche.
           | 
           | Laptops are supposed to be a portable computers that work
           | anywhere, not just luggable computers that must be plugged in
           | to work.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | >Laptops are supposed to be
             | 
             | By whose definition? There have always been trade offs to
             | achieve that portability. Processing power has always been
             | one mainly due to the electrical power demands. We're just
             | now getting to battery tech that is impressive. We've taken
             | this long to get to processing abilities that didn't
             | require being attached directly to a power line to idle.
             | 
             | If "supposed to be" means we all have been "hoping and
             | wishing one day" it might be possible, then sure, "supposed
             | to be" it is.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | >Processing power has always been one mainly due to the
               | electrical power demands. We're just now getting to
               | battery tech that is impressive.
               | 
               | The M1 Mac laptops are using the same battery tech as
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | What has changed is the ratio of performance to power
               | draw, and leaving behind the almost immediate thermal
               | throttling you see in x86 laptops.
               | 
               | >The chips here aren't only able to outclass any
               | competitor laptop design, but also competes against the
               | best desktop systems out there, you'd have to bring out
               | server-class hardware to get ahead of the M1 Max - it's
               | just generally absurd.
               | 
               | https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-
               | performanc...
               | 
               | High performance, combined with all day battery life is a
               | new thing, not a niche.
        
           | hhaha88 wrote:
           | Agreed.
           | 
           | This project would open things up if it did something novel.
           | 
           | IMO a Linux distribution is the perfect base as a metaverse
           | client for the entire internet.
           | 
           | Ditch the window manager that only acts like a desktop
           | metaphor and login to a 3D capable viewport. Toggle between
           | 2D and 3D representations, virtually load websites. Like
           | applying AR to cyberspace. Natively relying on that ML
           | friendly GPU.
           | 
           | Something like Godot as the window manager process (controls
           | abstracted behind a traditional default UX or something) and
           | hacking away at its scene tree format. Update UX state to be
           | a 2D UI if needed.
           | 
           | Store the contents of a file as a hash to regenerate it like
           | procedural game engines do would improve security if the
           | users login unlocks things. /home need not be a traditional
           | filesystem at all.
           | 
           | There are a lot of ideas going unexplored due to the money
           | being thrown at business as usual problems.
        
           | specto wrote:
           | I agree with this sentiment. Overall, we should be praising
           | projects like frame.work over proprietary and hard to port
           | systems like the M1. I'm hoping some day the frame.work
           | laptops will have a mainboard available similar to the M1,
           | but I'd rather have repairable than not.
        
           | scoopertrooper wrote:
           | Macs have huge penetration into the developer market. I could
           | see a lot of devs whacking Linux on their M1 Macs to enjoy
           | benefits like being able to run containers outside of a
           | virtual machine.
           | 
           | If Apple waited 6 months and released a significantly cheaper
           | 16 inch M1 Pro Mac with a non-XDR screen and in the old form
           | factor (to save money on tooling), similar how they do with
           | the iPhone SE line, then they'd make so much damn money from
           | devs jumping on board.
        
             | ianpurton wrote:
             | Running container outside a VM is my use case too.
             | 
             | Would love to see some performance numbers.
        
               | sp332 wrote:
               | What is the advantage?
        
               | saxonww wrote:
               | Docker Desktop for Mac runs Docker in a VM. It has poor
               | disk I/O compared to native, and IIRC it is not as
               | capable as native from a networking perspective (perhaps
               | not a big issue). Also, as of recently it costs money to
               | use Docker Desktop for Mac for work purposes.
               | 
               | So the advantage is you get better container performance,
               | all the capability you would normally get with container
               | workloads on their native platform (Linux), and you
               | wouldn't have to use the Docker Desktop product anymore.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | In addition to performance, I also ran into weird bugs
               | with the Docker Desktop vm. The VM would run out of disk,
               | and other things that would not occur with a native
               | docker.
        
               | stcredzero wrote:
               | I was constantly seeing a coworker at my last job in that
               | sort of situation. For some reason Docker on MacOS was
               | inflating RAM use, IIRC.
        
               | saxonww wrote:
               | It also has weird bouts of high CPU usage, even if
               | running containers are not busy. I think it's due to
               | overhead with osxfs handling local disk changes (e.g.
               | you've mounted a volume with a large git repo, and in
               | that repo on the host you switched to a much different
               | revision). It's hard to troubleshoot because it's not
               | obvious how to get into the VM to see what's going on.
               | 
               | FWIW, https://stackoverflow.com/a/68561693/3230028 is how
               | you do that.
               | 
               | Overall, this is an issue that I think goes beyond Docker
               | on a Mac. We have multiple examples of development
               | targeting one platform, or involving tools native to that
               | platform. But because of preference, or conflict with
               | other tools, or policy, we end up with these emulation or
               | compatibility layers like HyperKit/Docker for Mac, or
               | WSL/WSL2, or WINE, or frankly
               | WebAssembly/Emscripten/whatever. And I think the result
               | is almost always worse than if people just found the most
               | native set of tooling for their primary use case and used
               | that.
               | 
               | What is it about macOS that makes Docker Desktop for Mac
               | worth it, if your development workflow is heavily
               | container-based? At my workplace, it's mostly policy and
               | preference issues making Linux unsuitable for the
               | majority of the user base, even though that majority is
               | working with containers constantly and targeting Linux.
               | 
               | I guess you can pick at this and point out that we're not
               | writing software in assembly for a reason, but I feel
               | like there's a line where you have too much abstraction,
               | adaptation, or emulation, and for me workflows _built
               | around_ something like Docker Desktop for Mac just so we
               | can use macOS are over that line.
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Docker on the Mac is 10x slower for some of my workloads
               | than Docker on my linux cloud machine. (e.g., npm install
               | is literally a few seconds vs 5 minutes)
        
             | stcredzero wrote:
             | _I could see a lot of devs whacking Linux on their M1 Macs
             | to enjoy benefits like being able to run containers outside
             | of a virtual machine._
             | 
             | If Apple did something about the container situation, it
             | might show a lot of developers that Apple notices them and
             | gives a damn.
        
             | burntoutfire wrote:
             | The containers won't run on an M1 Macs.
             | 
             | Software packages baked into images (at least the ones
             | meant to be run ultimately on the servers) are actually x86
             | binaries, so no luck running them on ARM CPUs.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | People can't build new containers with the appropriate
               | binaries?
        
             | duped wrote:
             | In the big developer markets, the price of the device isn't
             | a huge factor. Today, the available stock is a bigger deal.
             | At least for a daily driver.
             | 
             | I also want the highest resolution screen with crispest
             | graphics possible if I'm staring at it all day (1080p IPS
             | displays are awful for my eyes). The thing about Macs that
             | makes them nicer than most comparable Linux machines is the
             | display is much better.
             | 
             | One of the only reasons to consider the Mac over something
             | like an XPS today though (other than that you can go out
             | and buy it) is that it supports Adobe products which you
             | may need for front end work. However, if my company is all
             | in on Figma and Im just working on a generic backend you
             | bet your butt I'm asking for an XPS.
        
               | nqzero wrote:
               | 1920x1200 is good enough for me, i don't use anything
               | adobe, don't do graphics, etc
               | 
               | have you looked at cpu performance or cpu-only power
               | efficiency of the XPS 17 vs M1 Pro MacBook 16 for backend
               | work ?
        
               | duped wrote:
               | The last I heard, docker was around 2x slower than Intel
               | macs and that performance was already pretty bad.
               | 
               | I don't really care about power efficiency tbh, I'm
               | plugged into the wall all day
        
               | jmnicolas wrote:
               | > In the big developer markets, the price of the device
               | isn't a huge factor.
               | 
               | You might suffer from SV syndrome. I live in a small town
               | in the east of France: anything Apple is unaffordable
               | (without major sacrifices and uncertainty to be able to
               | replace the machine if it breaks too soon).
               | 
               | Right now if I had to replace my current computer, I
               | would have about 600EUR total budget. And France isn't
               | exactly a third world country (but we're doing our best
               | to get there ;)
        
               | duped wrote:
               | I'm not in SV, but my employers have all provided my
               | machines. Some companies are better than others, but
               | price usually isn't a factor at places I've worked. I
               | also probably wouldn't work at a company that gives their
               | engineers shitty computers, since that's like working at
               | a restaurant that makes their cooks use dull knives (and
               | there is a big market of places that will give you
               | whatever set you want)
        
             | kcb wrote:
             | I would think most developers in the world are using
             | corporate laptops. Don't think we'll ever see a fully
             | unsupported OS installed on those.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Rich countries developer market, on the other tiers not so
             | much.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | No they wouldn't. There really aren't enough devs around to
             | make that statement true. Plus, if so many devs would do
             | that, they can buy the 6-month-old refurbs at that time and
             | do what they want. If they aren't doing that, then they
             | wouldn't buy the machine you're imagining.
        
               | intrasight wrote:
               | There are enough iOS developers to make some difference.
               | And I think that if it weren't for those iOS developers,
               | who have no choice but to run MacOS, there would be many
               | fewer developers using Macs.
        
               | tcmart14 wrote:
               | Not just iOS, just the issue that you need MacOS to make
               | applications for the apple ecosystem regardless. Im sure
               | iOS is a big part, but I also imagine all the desktop
               | application that want to be cross platform, so think like
               | Photoshop. Or Microsoft has to have a Mac somewhere to
               | compile Office to MacOS.
        
               | Mikeb85 wrote:
               | You don't need a Mac anymore.
               | 
               | https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/mac/
        
               | scoopertrooper wrote:
               | Devs may be small in number relative to the consumer
               | market, but they're big in impact when it comes to
               | building out an ecosystem. People complain about Linux on
               | Desktop, but the Linux on Desktop is unreasonably good
               | considering its market share.
               | 
               | As devs build out that ecosystem it'll become easier
               | bring products to ARM. Eventually, we might even see
               | something like the Steam Machines built on an ARM64
               | platform. If it ever happens, it'll happen on the backs
               | of those trail blazing devs who built out the ecosystem,
               | because they were able to get a pretty rockin' laptop on
               | an ARM64 platform.
               | 
               | Devs also happen to be great evangelists for bringing
               | technologies into the corporate ecosystem. This will
               | create a demand for porting popular MDM and other
               | corporate tooling over to ARM64.
               | 
               | I'm a dev and I'd love a machine like that. I actually
               | think the older form factor is better, I carry my laptop
               | to and from work every day, so I appreciate a lighter and
               | slimmer laptop and I don't think I'm alone on that
               | account. I couldn't care less about a screen that can get
               | up to 1000+ nits, but only when playing certain videos.
        
               | jtbayly wrote:
               | I fail to see how any of that would make Apple a bunch of
               | money.
               | 
               | I know Apple needs devs to make money. Lots of them. But
               | I don't see any lack of them at the moment. In this
               | context it appears we are just talking about selling more
               | machines. You'd buy one. So would a few others. Apple
               | wouldn't make a ton of money on that machine though.
        
       | MuffinFlavored wrote:
       | Does Bluetooth work? Does the built in keyboard work? Trackpad?
       | WiFi?
        
         | jaggirs wrote:
         | No
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | Even if you run Linux, how to you ensure that the SoC does not
       | e.g. scan memory and send telemetry to Apple independently of the
       | installed operating system?
        
         | marcan_42 wrote:
         | If you want to ensure the SoC is not backdoored, your only
         | option is Precursor, which can make a fairly solid claim that
         | silicon backdoors for FPGAs are infeasible in the general case.
         | 
         | https://www.crowdsupply.com/sutajio-kosagi/precursor
         | 
         | If you're willing to trust that the silicon isn't secretly
         | backdoored in some ridiculous invisible way, well, unlike
         | Intel, the M1 does not have any hyper-privileged proprietary
         | firmware by all indications, and that proprietary firmware
         | which does exist is plaintext and analyzable (and not
         | privileged to scan memory), so I have a much easier time
         | trusting these machines than a random x86 PC (all-privileged
         | SMM supervisor and ME/PSP) or Android phone (all-privileged
         | TrustZone supervisor).
        
         | hmottestad wrote:
         | If you're worried about these sorts of situations then there
         | aren't going to be very many choices for you. You can't choose
         | Intel because they have their management engine, you can't
         | choose AMD because they don't own their own fabs.
         | 
         | You could go full air-gapped and get a machine without any
         | network cards. Would still recommend a nice bunker deep inside
         | a mountain just to be on the safe side.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | Ok, so because other companies do that it should be
           | acceptable? I don't understand your patronising tone. How is
           | that helpful?
        
             | skinkestek wrote:
             | It is just that many of us are fed up with people who
             | immediately move the goal posts every single time someone
             | presents an alternative or an improvent.
             | 
             | The implication (intentionally or not) being that we can
             | just as well continue to run Chrome on Windows 11 on open
             | WiFis because everything is broken all the time and if not
             | any Three Letter Agency can always kidnap you or someone
             | you care about and get their secrets that way.
             | 
             | Encryption works and massively increases the workload for
             | would be drag net operators!
             | 
             | Having a choice of technology is good and also increases
             | the workload for would be drag net operators.
             | 
             | Competition is good and forces companies to get their act
             | together.
             | 
             | Trashing every good thing that happens because it isn't
             | perfect is demotivating and I'm also absolutely fed up with
             | it.
        
             | notafraudster wrote:
             | Assuming your question was sincere: You cannot ensure that
             | the SoC isn't doing something secret that the OS doesn't
             | know about in this environment.
             | 
             | Every respondent so far assumed you knew this (because it's
             | an unusually high-knowledge question to ask and an
             | unusually obvious answer) and so assumed the actual purpose
             | of your post was to declare that you personally wouldn't
             | use an environment where you can't be sure the SoC isn't
             | doing something nefarious. The people replying don't really
             | find that declaration interesting. Your subsequent reply
             | says that the choice to live with this particular risk is
             | some sort of tacit acceptance, which implies you are not
             | tacitly accepting it.
             | 
             | Since no such environment exists, except for edge case
             | hypotheticals like only powering an air gapped computer
             | inside a faraday cage in a lead bunker, most people expect
             | that you too are tacitly accepting it, which makes this
             | particular complaint feel like a non sequitur and not an
             | invitation to discuss the broader issue.
             | 
             | If you have an actual real life use case about trying to
             | harden a system to this degree, like you are responsible
             | for nuclear safety or the unlock codes for the secret lunar
             | base or something, I am sure people would like to read
             | about it.
        
             | nindalf wrote:
             | Your concerns mean theres no modern device you could
             | possibly be using. So either you're bringing up something
             | that no one, including you, actually cares about. Or you're
             | commenting on Hacker news using the butterfly method on HN
             | servers (https://xkcd.com/378/)
        
           | d3nj4l wrote:
           | AMD processors also have an equivalent to the Intel
           | Management Engine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Platform
           | _Security_Processo...
        
           | markb139 wrote:
           | I wonder if you could get around this by having a multi CPU
           | machine setup (many vendors silicon) and have a "Generals
           | problem" algorithm ?
        
           | avhception wrote:
           | Well, there still is
           | https://raptorcs.com/content/base/products.html if you're not
           | dependent on x86-64... You'd still be relying on other
           | peoples fabs, of course. But it's a step up.
        
         | rowanG077 wrote:
         | You can't. But that worry is not Apple specific. Unless you fab
         | your own chip this can always happen. And in fab your own chip
         | I don't mean contract TSMC to do it. Literally do it yourself.
         | TSMC could also place a trojan on the silicon.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Simply put: you don't. You'll have to design your own chip
         | factories and design your own chips if you want to ensure that
         | the SoC doesn't leak.
         | 
         | There's a reason China and Russia build their own CPUs. There's
         | nothing else you can do to _ensure_ that nothing leaks.
         | 
         | In practice, you could probably run the machine for a while
         | hooked up to an ethernet cable and sniff the outgoing packets.
         | I don't think the M1 will send Apple telemetry on its own
         | (though it certainly could, if it wanted to).
        
           | gpderetta wrote:
           | You also need to design your own software to design the chip,
           | your own compiler, and the OS the compiler and design
           | software run on...
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | All of which require trusted hardware to run on! The
             | bootstrapping problem is real.
             | 
             | I wonder how the Chinese and Russians have validated custom
             | chip designs. I don't think the compiler would be bugged
             | specifically for chip design software, but there's no real
             | way to tell...
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | In theory, your photolithography machine could be back-
           | doored, too. So better design that yourself, too, and/or take
           | out your microscope (if digital, taking care that isn't back-
           | doored, either)
           | 
           | I also guess more advanced adversaries will add stuff that
           | only becomes active after a long time, and may use
           | steganography to hide what it's sending.
           | 
           | So, bootstrap your system the way this guy does:
           | http://paillard.claude.free.fr/video.mp4
           | 
           | (I don't think he has gone past vacuum tubes)
        
             | mavhc wrote:
             | What if someone backdoors education and everyone's been
             | learning the insecure way of programming?....
        
               | eddieroger wrote:
               | Why backdoor all of education when they could just attack
               | Stack Overflow to greater effect?
        
         | tpxl wrote:
         | Put a proxy between you and the internet and reject everything
         | your OS didn't send (Assuming you're using nothing but wired
         | ethernet).
        
           | notafraudster wrote:
           | Assuming of course the M1 doesn't have SoC code to zero day
           | your proxy server or zero day your OS and selectively allow
           | itself to circumvent this.
           | 
           | But if Apple were really clever they'd add a secret
           | undocumented radio built into the SoC package that sends
           | signals modulated in an unusual way over an unusual low-
           | bandwidth but high signal frequency (probably sub-CB Radio)
           | that no one is monitoring.
           | 
           | Which now brings you to the scenario that you have to use a
           | machine that not only never uses a network, but also exists
           | in a physical place that no network signal could ever
           | penetrate. And it goes without saying that having taken this
           | level of caution, one should probably buy the computer with a
           | fake name and all cash, ideally through a network of
           | international proxy buyers, to be sure.
        
             | tpxl wrote:
             | > place that no network signal could ever penetrate.
             | 
             | This is actually rather trivial to achieve, just put it in
             | a faraday cage.
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | You could run black box experiments observing signals from the
         | machine, or use some hw reverse engineering approaches, eg by
         | analyzing the firmware.
        
         | japanuspus wrote:
         | If you read the twitter thread, there is a lot of details on
         | "macs are locked down" posted by OP and others below this
         | comment:
         | https://twitter.com/_Thaodan/status/1458581955688206340
        
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