[HN Gopher] Finland Divided: The Finnish Civil War 1918
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       Finland Divided: The Finnish Civil War 1918
        
       Author : rsj_hn
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2021-11-11 01:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (finlanddivided.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (finlanddivided.wordpress.com)
        
       | thirteenfingers wrote:
       | One question that I, as a non-Finn who has had more than a
       | passing interest in Finnish history, have never seen a compelling
       | answer to is _how_ reconciliation was ultimately achieved after
       | the civil war. The accounts I 've read refer in very general
       | terms to both sides making compromises after having been simply
       | exhausted by it all.
       | 
       | Can any of you provide some details? Multiple viewpoints if
       | possible?
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | All the red supporters were dead, in prison or fled to Soviet,
         | they just lost. Reconciliation is very easy then, the whites
         | just did what they wanted to do.
         | 
         | Or do you wonder why there was no more resistance afterwards? I
         | think that the people were happy that they weren't under
         | foreign rule for once, they didn't rebel against Russia so why
         | rebel against a Finn ruler now? They were used to living under
         | much worse conditions without complaining.
        
           | toiletfuneral wrote:
           | Cool story bootlicker
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Reconciliation never fully came. People lived and died with
         | their grudges and hate. I remember the bitterness of old people
         | around the issue from the time when I was young.
         | 
         | Soon after the civil war Social Democratic party was the
         | government and Finns had a president that was social democrat.
         | It made it possible for reds and whites to live together
         | without killing each other.
         | 
         | Then Winter War came (1939) and Finns united to defend the
         | country against common enemy. That created aseveliakseli
         | (comrade-in-arms axis) where both whites (captialists) and red
         | (socialists) fought together against common enemy (Soviet
         | Union)
        
           | pasiaj wrote:
           | Finns were segregated to different sports leagues, different
           | youth groups, different stores etc. based on families
           | political leanings for decades after the war.
           | 
           | If you go to any small town in Finland, you'll still find an
           | "S Market" and a "K Market" that have their roots in this
           | left-right segregation going back all the way to the civil
           | war.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | Kinda sad because that is definitely happening in the US.
             | If you look at measures of political polarization over the
             | past couple decades based on where people live, it has
             | gotten much more extreme. You are much less likely to come
             | into contact with people in your neighborhood who are of
             | the opposite political side than a generation ago.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | You're not radically less likely to come in contact with
               | people of other political views, you are just more likely
               | to be surrounded by people who keep their political views
               | quiet, because they know what's good for them.
               | 
               | Most of the US is purple, the difference is whether it's
               | a blue-ish purple or a red-dish purple.
        
         | pasiaj wrote:
         | Here are my two cents:
         | 
         | Lots of international pressure was put on Finland due to
         | malnutrition and poor treatment of prisoners in the fall of
         | 1918 that led to mass pardons in October of 1918.
         | 
         | My ancestors who fought amongst the "reds" and were convicted
         | to prison camps emmigrated a hundred kilometers north after the
         | war after being pardoned, as things got quite heated where they
         | were from. They seemed to have regretted their actions in the
         | war and expressed gratitude for being welcomed to the their new
         | surroundings. My grandfather remained a communist, and was
         | actually killed by a "white" veteran in 1958 after a municipal
         | government meeting (got hit with a big log).
         | 
         | A new Finnish identity was built in 1920s as a unifying
         | narrative. Sports were an important part part of it. Finland
         | had been under the rule of other countries before, but now it
         | started to develop an identity if its own. Paavo Nurmi, the
         | original Flying Finn won 9 olympic gold metals in 1920, 1924
         | and 1928. Ville Ritola won 6 medals in 1924 olympics. Hannes
         | Kolehmainen won the olympic marathon in 1920. (He was treated
         | as a class traitor by the left.)
         | 
         | In 1930 there were significant anti-communist / anti-socialist
         | / far right movements in Finland. "Meetings held by leftist and
         | labour groups were also interrupted, often violently. A common
         | tactic was "muilutus", which started with kidnapping and
         | beating. After that the subject was thrown into a car and
         | driven to the border with the Soviet Union."
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapua_Movement
         | 
         | Politically the left and the right were united in 1937 in the
         | selection of Kyosti Kallio as president. A coalition government
         | was formed, largely based on the deep anger and resentment by
         | the left against Stalin's empty promises.
         | 
         | The biggest unifiers in the end were the Winter War and the
         | Continuation War against Russia in 1939. It forced ex-enemies
         | to fight side by side against the Russians. Finland was at war
         | from 1939 to 1944. Next, the nation united to take care of war
         | reparations worth 5.52 billion in 2020 dollars. It took until
         | 1952 to to pay off the debt, and I think Finland still claims
         | to be the only country to have paid war reparations in full.
        
           | drcongo wrote:
           | This is a fantastic answer, thank you. It does however raise
           | two other questions... 1. Why was Hannes Kolehmainen treated
           | as a class traitor? And 2. What on earth happened with that
           | big log?
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | Here's a good answer to #1:
             | 
             | > The working-class athletic clubs in which the Kolehmainen
             | brothers first trained for victory opposed the
             | participation of newly independent Finland in the 1920
             | Olympics, claiming the Olympic movement served the
             | interests of the global bourgeois. William Kolehmainen,
             | however, convinced his brother to abandon any working-class
             | loyalties and to run at the Antwerp games, understanding
             | the immense fame and fortune that another gold medal could
             | bring the family. Finland's bourgeoisie embraced
             | Kolehmainen's crossings of class lines, while his old
             | working-class comrades denounced him as a traitor.
             | 
             | https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/A_Berg_Flying_2012.pdf
        
             | doikor wrote:
             | 1. To the white/nationalist press he became a hero (a
             | Finnish speaking Finn winning). That alone is enough to
             | make him an enemy of the communists and thus obviously a
             | class traitor as he used to be member of the
             | red/socialist/communist sporting club Helsingin Jyry.
             | 
             | At that time there was 2 sporting unions Jyry was part of
             | the red one. There was a very hard political split along
             | this line for a while (Kolehmainen got fired from his job
             | due to joining Jyry for example).
             | 
             | 2. Obviously got bludgeoned to death.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | >Paavo Nurmi, the original Flying Finn
           | 
           | Is Mika Hakkinen the new Flying Finn?
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | As a child of the 80s to me Matti Nykanen is The Flying
             | Finn.
        
           | throwaway2077 wrote:
           | >Many of the Finns deported by the Lapua Movement were later
           | caught up in Stalin's Great Purge and executed; while
           | persecuted in Finland as communists, Stalin accused them of
           | being "Nationalists".[9]
           | 
           | heh
        
             | mannerheim wrote:
             | This happened in Estonia as well. Communists attempted to
             | overthrow the Estonian government in a coup in 1924, a
             | couple of those involved were executed, many were
             | imprisoned in the Patarei Prison in Tallinn (later gained
             | notoriety under Soviet occupation for holding political
             | prisoners), and some fled to the USSR. Ironically, those
             | who were imprisoned fared slightly better than those who
             | fled to the USSR, since many of the latter were purged by
             | Stalin, while the former were given amnesty in '38, on the
             | 20th anniversary of the founding of Estonia.
        
               | rat87 wrote:
               | Also similarly
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets
               | (killing prominent members of the Jewish Anti-Facist
               | Committee after they were no longer needed to appeal to
               | the west during WW2 and started to write about Jewish
               | topics the USSR was wary of like Israel and the
               | Holocaust) and the turn against the Jewish Autonomous
               | Oblast (and Yiddish both of which had previously been
               | promoted) https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-
               | and-absurd-the-... as part of the
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-
               | cosmopolitan_campaign
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | The new Stalin book by Kotkin goes into this episode. A
               | totally crazy coup Stalin basically cooked up with some
               | people and he didn't even inform the Politburo.
        
             | nabla9 wrote:
             | The white-threat was not what scared to Lenin and Stalin.
             | 
             | It was every other type of socialism and communism. Social
             | democrats, Democratic socialists, Anarchists, Syndicalists,
             | Trotskyists, ... When Soviet Union took over, they hunted
             | and killed other socialists first. Or tried to assassinate
             | them beforehand.
             | 
             | People, especially those who live in North America have no
             | idea how big and irreconcilable the differences within the
             | left were. Saying that someone is a socialist don't really
             | convey that much information.
        
               | exdsq wrote:
               | It happened the other way around too. My wife's related
               | to one-such example
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Schauman of someone
               | who assassinated a communist
        
               | nabla9 wrote:
               | Eugen Schauman didn't assassinate a communist.
               | 
               | Schauman assassinated Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General
               | of Finland, general of Russian Imperial Army, servant of
               | Russian Empire.
               | 
               | Schauman was Finnish Nationalist fighting Russian Empire
               | before Russian revolution and Soviet union.
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | People in USA can get some idea if they think of how the
               | Trumpist/QAnon bloc hates Mitt Romney despite both being
               | technically conservatives.
               | 
               | That's the scale of the gulf between Soviet bolsheviks
               | and Nordic social democrats a hundred years ago.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | A key thing to remind people of is that the October
               | "revolution" did not depose the Czar, but the socialist-
               | dominated provisional government.
               | 
               | So many people seems to believe the Bolsheviks overthrew
               | the Czar, but he and his family had been in house arrest
               | for months by then.
               | 
               | And of course the Bolshevik purges didn't stop at the
               | other groups, but also other factions within their own
               | party.
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | True, but that socialist dominated government was filled
               | with a lot of people that believed in an extremely
               | orthodox theory of history that said that the capitalists
               | should get a chance to develop society after the feudal
               | era ended. There was also tension between "defensivists"
               | and "defeatists" on the subject of whether WW1 was worth
               | fighting. Notably, it was the bolsheviks that called for
               | an immediate end to the fighting. That said, the final
               | days of revolution were the bolsheviks trying to create
               | facts on the ground to present to the national congress
               | of deputies, packed with bolsheviks, as a fiat accompli
               | as they thought it was possible to skip the capitalist
               | phase of historical development (they were obviously
               | right in retrospect though later mistakes doomed the
               | experiment).
               | 
               | My understanding of the purges is less comprehensive
               | (though I am taken to understand that while the program
               | went overboard, they weren't paranoid, there were people
               | infiltrating the party to interfere or assassinate
               | members that later bragged about it in books) and my
               | soviet history on what happened post 1917 is not very
               | good. One book at a time...
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Vicious sectarianism is pretty frequent in history and it
             | can infect secular movements too.
             | 
             | Being a "Trotskyist" or a "Titoist" was a _de facto_
             | capital offence at various points of the Stalinist era. Or
             | being labeled as such, regardless of your true status.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | Heh Titoist was bad in USSR? But Tito was the best!
        
               | nabla9 wrote:
               | Stalin attempted to assassinate Tito.
               | 
               | Tito and Stalin didn't see eye-to-eye. There was complete
               | split after the WWII. Soviets blockaded Yugoslavia and
               | Yugoslavia was included in Truman's Mutual Defense
               | Assistance Program and received military aid.
        
               | AutumnCurtain wrote:
               | The reply letter from Tito following an assassination
               | attempt from Stalin is one of the great political
               | correspondences of the era: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
               | /Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split?wpro...
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | That link seems to not reference what you referenced?
               | 
               | Is the quote in this section?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Tito%E2%80%
               | 93S...
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I think he meant this quote:
               | 
               | "Stop sending people to kill me. We've already captured
               | five of them, one of them with a bomb and another with a
               | rifle. [...] If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send
               | one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second."
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | which is a very awesome quote and resolve at the same
               | time
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | Stalin _very_ publicly turned against Tito when it became
               | obvious he couldn 't be pushed around easily (wouldn't
               | agree to extremely unfavourable trade deals, wasn't happy
               | with the idea of joint-investments in Yugoslav industry
               | that would've effectively turned them over to the USSR,
               | and more). This ultimately lead to Stalin and the USSR-
               | aligned countries denouncing him, despite originally
               | being very close with newly socialist Yugoslavia. I think
               | this was a really tough one for Tito - he'd spent time in
               | Russia after the revolution, sought out Soviet help
               | during war (without really receiving any) but for a while
               | truly believed the USSR could've spearheaded a global
               | socialist movement.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Tito and Stalin split in a big way. When Europe split
               | NATO-Warsaw, Yugoslavia headed off in its own direction -
               | non-aligned.
        
         | aqsalose wrote:
         | It is difficult to give a comprehensive answer in a fly-by HN
         | comment.
         | 
         | Very brief answer: It was complicated. It _is_ complicated.
         | 
         | Slightly less brief answer: Define reconciliation. I doubt any
         | kind of perfect, ideal reconciliation was ever reached. It is
         | not like there were two sides who agreed to something: there
         | were many political actors, with different opinions. It was a
         | mess, and it still is a mess. Many people who had first-hand
         | experience of the war or the terror or its consequences
         | remained bitter. The distinction between the Red and the White
         | social sphere continued for a long time (Anecdote: there were
         | Red and White country-wide sports unions SVUL and TUL until
         | 1993.)
         | 
         | Some people remain bitter. The kind of people who like to have
         | arguments about history and historical figures continue to
         | debate the matter and legacy of Mannerheim and which was worse,
         | the White terror or the hypothetical Red terror if the Reds had
         | won.
         | 
         | Another anecdote. A couple of years ago a student chapter at
         | one university put a portrait of Mannerheim on the wall of
         | their club room. One professor made a very angry public
         | complaint. I don't know what happened afterwards, but there
         | were lots opinions in newspapers and social media, for a
         | moment.
         | 
         | If we define "reconciliation" as "why there was no further
         | violence, at least not much", one reason was that some of the
         | political leaders on White pushed through torpparilaki (a land
         | reform). SDP could participate in the elections, and due to
         | efforts of some centrist politicians on White side, could once
         | enter a government. Economy was good, the Great Depression
         | wasn't as bad as in many other places. When Winter War
         | happened, many regular people on the Red side felt their lives
         | were improving and were distrustful of Stalin's clumsy
         | propaganda moves (it helped that many Reds who "escaped" to the
         | USSR during 1920s-1930s were shot or imprisoned with other
         | ethnic Karelians and Finns in Stalin's purges; the word
         | eventually got back that the USSR was not a paradise). The Reds
         | were divided: non-communist socialists like SDP leader Vaino
         | Tanner enjoyed electoral support among the working class, but
         | were also quite hated by the pro-Soviet left. Maybe the White-
         | aligned political police simply was very efficient at
         | suppressing the would-be revolutionary left (some true
         | believers on the Red side attempted to continue underground
         | pro-Soviet / revolutionary efforts, not very successfully.)
         | 
         | Other part of the answer is that there was a lot of ...not-
         | exactly-reconciliation for several decades.
         | 
         | Remember, some on the Red side continued with not necessarily
         | reconciliatory political efforts? Some on the White side were
         | actively not pleased about this at all, and some objected to
         | any leftists being allowed to participate in politics at all.
         | Feeling the legacy of their Independence War Victory was being
         | squandered. In the 1920s/30s, for several years, some white
         | extremists burned leftists printing presses, kidnapped and
         | roughhoused lots of perceived communists, killed some, and the
         | state apparatus turned a blind eye. Eventually they proceeded
         | to kidnap bourgeois politicians not deemed anti-communist
         | enough, including the ex-president Stahlberg. At some point the
         | danger of a genuine coup / intra-white civil war was real.
         | (Google for Mantsalan kapina.) In the end, after the parties
         | and politics to the left of SDP were effectively banned, the
         | extreme right lost its steam.
         | 
         | After the WW2, many outright communists and other on the Red
         | side of left who had spent 1920s-1930s out of politics or in
         | prison were able to enter the politics (thanks Finland mostly
         | losing the WW2 to the Soviets) in force. In some respects, they
         | got some amounts of revenge, when the most bourgeois party,
         | Kokoomus, could not enter the government for decades because of
         | Soviet objections. Google for Kekkonen and Finlandization.
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | > Some people remain bitter. The kind of people who like to
           | have arguments about history and historical figures continue
           | to debate the matter
           | 
           | It's a really strange human quirk to get so worked up about
           | historical events. Finland has these, yes, as excellently
           | explained by the parent and parent's sibling comments. In the
           | US you find people who get really really angry if somebody
           | suggests that a civil war 150 years ago wasn't about slavery.
           | 
           | Heck, you'll even find people who somehow identify with
           | ancient Sparta, apparently based on watching that really
           | terrible movie (or even more terrible successor movies), and
           | thinking that Spartans were uniquely badass and honorable and
           | whatnot.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | > In the US you find people who get really really angry if
             | somebody suggests that a civil war 150 years ago wasn't
             | about slavery.
             | 
             | Yes, and denying the holocaust happened gets people upset
             | for some reason too. Something about telling bare-faced
             | lies, about easily confirmed historical facts, as a way to
             | flaunt a political affiliation to a group that openly
             | considers some people sub-human is strangely political for
             | reasons no one can figure out.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Well, I agree with that angle. I was more wondering about
               | the opposing viewpoint, why do people get attached to a
               | monstrous ideology and claim people under said banner did
               | none of the things they historically did.
        
             | rat87 wrote:
             | > > Some people remain bitter. The kind of people who like
             | to have arguments about history and historical figures
             | continue to debate the matter
             | 
             | > It's a really strange human quirk to get so worked up
             | about historical events. Finland has these, yes, as
             | excellently explained by the parent and parent's sibling
             | comments. In the US you find people who get really really
             | angry if somebody suggests that a civil war 150 years ago
             | wasn't about slavery.
             | 
             | Because
             | 
             | 1. It was totally because of slavery
             | 
             | 2. Claiming it wasn't because of slavery tends to downplay
             | historical racism and tends to be associated with modern
             | day racism
        
               | johnyzee wrote:
               | Weird. It was verifiably not about slavery - at least not
               | from the beginning. It was not an issue until well into
               | the war.
               | 
               | Also, I completely disagree with your interpretation.
               | Recognizing that people at that time, on both sides, did
               | not actually care all that much about the plight of the
               | slaves, does not 'downplay historical racism', quite the
               | contrary. It goes a long way to explain why blacks, even
               | after emancipation, never really got a fair chance in
               | America, to this day.
               | 
               | I am not an American and have no dog in the fight, for
               | what it's worth.
        
               | pasabagi wrote:
               | You're misinformed. Read any current, mainstream work of
               | scholarship on the issue.
               | 
               | EDIT: this is a bit short, but honestly, without any
               | rancor, mainstream scholarship is pretty unanimous on
               | this topic. Popular discourse is more divided.
        
               | pchristensen wrote:
               | I was a little startled by your statement, so I
               | charitably tried to figure out where it was coming from.
               | Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_
               | the_Confederat...) said that the South seceded to protect
               | slavery, but the North attacked the South to put down the
               | rebellion, not necessarily to free slaves.
               | 
               | So I would say that you were technically right that the
               | Civil War was not declared to end slavery, but the
               | overall conflict (and 30+ years leading up to it) was
               | unquestionably about slavery.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | > Weird. It was verifiably not about slavery - at least
               | not from the beginning. It was not an issue until well
               | into the war.
               | 
               | The civil war was verifiably _about_ slavery from the
               | beginning[0]. South Carolina explicitly mentioned slavery
               | as part of its rationale for secession[1], as did
               | numerous other states[2]. Alexander Stephens, Vice
               | President of the Confederate States of America, declared
               | slavery to be its very cornerstone[3]:
               | "our new government['s] foundations are laid, its
               | cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is
               | not equal to the white man; that slavery--subordination
               | to the superior race--is his natural and normal
               | condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the
               | history of the world, based upon this great physical,
               | philosophical, and moral truth."
               | 
               | Even the "states rights'" arguments around the Civil War
               | boil down to specifically the Southern states defending
               | their right to continue slavery without interference from
               | the North. That's what they were seceding over.
               | 
               | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_
               | Civil_...
               | 
               | [1]https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.a
               | sp
               | 
               | [2]https://www.historynet.com/which-states-referred-to-
               | slavery-...
               | 
               | [3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Er, right, yes, I agree with you. It seems I got tangled
               | up in my own explanations, sorry about that. That's what
               | you get for writing a comment in a hurry. What I meant to
               | say there seems to be a fraction of the population in the
               | US who really think the US civil war was about "states
               | rights" or whatever, and not slavery, and they get really
               | angry if anybody suggests otherwise.
        
           | doikor wrote:
           | > one reason was that some of the political leaders on White
           | pushed through torpparilaki (a land reform)
           | 
           | This is a often overlooked but very important part of making
           | the post civil war much more peaceful. A large portion of the
           | reds were tenant farmers (torppari) and giving them their own
           | land basically made them "whites" (basically all the landed
           | farmers were on the whites side) and thus fixing one of the
           | biggest issues a very large portion of the reds actually had
           | with the situation before the civil war.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | some of the resolution was the new territory boundaries,
         | securing Vyborg as a Russian city ?
         | 
         | edit- incorrect, mixed the conflicts, reading more now
        
           | eMSF wrote:
           | Vyborg was annexed by the Soviet Union in WW2. That had
           | nothing to do with the Finnish Civil War.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | DrTung wrote:
       | Born i Stockholm, I remember taking the ferry to Finland as a
       | young boy for some cheap vodka (and you only had to be 18 years
       | old, not 20).
       | 
       | This was in the late 70's and my first visit to Helsinki, I tried
       | to order a drink in a bar. But no service until I discovered my
       | mistake: I had spoken in Swedish.
       | 
       | Switching to English got me a nice Finnish beer. That was my
       | first glimpse of Finland's "complicated" history.
        
       | pqs wrote:
       | The opening paragraph, describes very well what I think would
       | happen in Catalonia the day after a hypothetical independence, at
       | least one achieved in the way the pro-independence movement
       | wanted to achieve it (with extreme polarization of the Catalan
       | society and antagonization of the different sectors of society
       | that did not support the so-called Process).
       | 
       | "On December 6th 1917 the Grand Duchy of Finland declared
       | independence, becoming the first nation to independently secede
       | from the corpse of the Russian Empire and the embryo that was to
       | become the Soviet Union. Just fifty-three days later on the night
       | of January 27th 1918, Finland erupted into a brutal civil war.
       | Two opposing movements had polarized the Finnish people to the
       | breaking point. For the next three and a half months, the Finnish
       | people tore their nation apart in a conflict that would claim the
       | lives of 36,000 people, out of a total population of just 3
       | million"
       | 
       | The pro-independence factions are also very divided, even though
       | they always achieve to form a coalition to govern the region.
       | Thus, the tension would be fractal.
       | 
       | p.s. I live in Catalonia and lived the 2017 events with more fear
       | of the aftermath of the events, than the events themselves.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Finland had a contingent of Russian troops at the time many of
         | which refusing to turn over weapons and later fighting for the
         | Red side. Are you talking about Catolonia seceding {edit: not
         | conceding} without the king of Spain allowing it? Otherwise
         | there is no standing army to make a mess.
        
           | pqs wrote:
           | We are in 2021, so it would be a very different kind of
           | conflict. I definitely see terrorism, house by house arrests,
           | some urban guerrillas or self-defense units that protect
           | neighborhoods, etc.
           | 
           | I'm not sure if I fully understand "Catolonia conceding
           | without the king of Spain allowing it". What do you exactly
           | mean?
        
             | drcongo wrote:
             | At a guess, I think the parent means seceding rather than
             | conceding.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | Oh ye wrong word, thank you.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > I definitely see terrorism, house by house arrests, some
             | urban guerrillas or self-defense units that protect
             | neighborhoods, etc.
             | 
             | This is exactly how the Yugoslavian red vs. white civil war
             | played out during WW2 while also fighting off the overall
             | nazi invasion. The whites (collaborators) literally started
             | as The Neighborhood Watch protecting citizens from partisan
             | raids (the communists).
             | 
             | For normal people it was a bit like this: You're trying to
             | survive the war in occupied territory. A mere civilian
             | trying to make ends meet. One day the reds come and beat
             | you up for not fighting with them, you're obviously against
             | the cause. The next day the whites come beat you up a
             | little more because you're not with them, you're obviously
             | a communist.
             | 
             | Fun times.
        
         | lixtra wrote:
         | Pr it could have gone all peacefully like Czechoslovakia split
         | in two.
        
         | spurgu wrote:
         | Something I've wondered, how would Catalonia feel about
         | independence if it was neighbouring Morocco instead of France?
        
       | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
       | Massive sidetrack but there's a performance by a Finnish band
       | called Horna, of a song called "Oi kallis kotimaa". I remember
       | reading that it's about a famous battle in WWI or WWII involving
       | a Hungarian regiment, but I can't find any information about it
       | online, except in Finnish, which I regrettably do not speak.
       | Could any friendly Finnish person please explain what "Oi kallis
       | kotimaa" is about?
       | 
       | Thanks! And many apologies for hijacking the thread, again!
        
         | eMSF wrote:
         | If I found the correct lyrics, it's a "cover" version of a folk
         | song and the lyrics refer to the 1877 Russo-Turkish war.
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | Oh, thanks! I thought there was something about a regiment of
           | Hungarians dying far from their motherland? But if it was the
           | Russo-Turkish war I probably misremember it and it was a
           | Finnish regiment dying far from home. I think it all had
           | something to do with the fact that Finno-Ugric is one
           | language family and I got the feeling it meant that Finnish
           | and Hungarian people feel connected through it somehow?
           | 
           | Edit: thanks to your pointer, I had a look around and I think
           | the song refers to the battle of Gorni Dubnik, where the
           | Finnish Guard sharpshooters fought (but didn't all die, as I
           | remembered).
           | 
           | Thanks and again sorry to the thread for hijacking it!
        
             | juki wrote:
             | There was a Hungarian volunteer battalion that came to
             | Finland for the Winter War in early 1940, but as far as I
             | know, the war ended while they were still in training, so
             | they didn't participate in any battles.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | Maybe I should email Horna and ask :/
        
         | toiletfuneral wrote:
         | Like half of the members of Horna have been directly involved
         | in NSBM over the years so I don't know how much you want to
         | support them
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | Feels like we don't see many dedicated single interest web sites
       | like this anymore. Glad someone made this.
        
       | timonoko wrote:
       | If you read the Swedish-speaking writer Kjell Westo, "Dar vi en
       | gang gatt", you realize this was very much a language war. All
       | big landowners of arable land in Finland were Swedish and even
       | Mannerheim did not know much any Finnish at that time. Westo
       | describes how a Swede was killed because he owned fishing rights
       | on Baltic sea, and Finns could only fish in "mud and rocks".
       | 
       | This is very much a taboo subject even today, because 25% of the
       | financial elite in Finland are Swedes and cultural elite much
       | more. So you cannot deal much of this subject before becoming
       | Fennomaniac racist nazi, who does not deserve any government
       | money.
        
         | fifilura wrote:
         | I am a Swede. Kjell Westo is my go to author if I want to read
         | good prose in Swedish. Beats all those hundreds of crime novel
         | authors we have in Sweden hands down when it comes to care
         | about the language.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | yes thank you -- by coincidence I was reading a bit about the
         | Northern Crusades this week (in English) -- we do not learn
         | this in school in the USA !
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Crusades
        
       | 101keyboard wrote:
       | And over 20 years later...
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9AVu6KupNg
       | 
       | (English subs are very very bad)
        
         | comrh wrote:
         | Wow I never knew this existed.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_and_Mannerheim_recordin...
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Pretty interesting historical document for the content. And
           | interesting to hear Hitler speak normally. He accent is
           | little funny but he does not sound significantly Austrian or
           | strange to me.
           | 
           | Mannerheims german is excellent. Outside of a few strange
           | things he speaks perfect high german.
        
           | webwielder2 wrote:
           | "The SS guards demanded the tape be destroyed, but YLE was
           | allowed to keep the tape in a sealed container with the
           | promise that it never be opened again"
           | 
           | How odd and weirdly naive.
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | Mannerheim was, to put it mildly, a pretty extraordinary
         | character. Among other things, he met the 13th Dalai-Lama in
         | Tibet while the Dalai-lama was in exile - to whom he gifted a
         | pistol and instructed how to operate it.
        
           | imajliv wrote:
           | To anyone interested in learning more about the man I
           | recommend Jonathan Clements' book Mannerheim: President,
           | Soldier, Spy. As a Finn it was very fascinating how there was
           | so much more adventure in his life than WWII, presidency or
           | any Finland related wars/politics
        
       | miiiiiike wrote:
       | "All Bridges Burning: Red Revolt and White Guard in Finland,
       | 1917-18" is a great game covering the Finnish Civil War.
       | https://www.gmtgames.com/p-675-all-bridges-burning-red-revol...
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | This is a decent resource:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | It is a resource. Decent, not so.
        
       | troyvit wrote:
       | There's a powerful trilogy called Under the North Star by Vaino
       | Linna that covers in part the Finnish Civil War. It put a human
       | perspective on all sides of the conflict. Even if you aren't
       | interested in Finnish history those three books, which lead up to
       | The Unknown Soldier, are incredible.
        
       | mongol wrote:
       | I am a Swede who first learned of the Finnish Civil War when I
       | read Vainno Linna's novel triology "Under The North Star" (which
       | I liked a lot). I was mesmerized and could not understand why I
       | never learned about it before. I think in Sweden we have very
       | poor knowledge of our eastern brotherly people's history despite
       | being one country for over 400 years. This thread has helped me
       | learn more about it. Thank you Finns!
        
         | DavidVoid wrote:
         | Also a Swede and I don't think we learned much at all about
         | pre-WW2 Finland. We mainly learned about the Winter and
         | Continuation War and the many Finnish war children that ended
         | up in Sweden [1]. I remember one of them visiting our school to
         | speak about his childhood.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_war_children
        
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