[HN Gopher] Breakdown of data on homeless populations across the...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Breakdown of data on homeless populations across the U.S.
        
       Author : dynm
       Score  : 119 points
       Date   : 2021-11-11 20:11 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (dynomight.net)
        
       | cheriot wrote:
       | We're a country of 350,000,000 people. Leaving 500,000 outside
       | simply because municipalities don't want them around is
       | inexcusable.
       | 
       | Solution in two parts
       | 
       | 1. Make it legal to build homes where people live (looking at you
       | California, specifically LA, SF, SV)
       | 
       | 2. Build dorm style shelters for anyone that would otherwise
       | sleep outside
       | 
       | There's complicating issues like not enough addiction treatment
       | and mental health facilities, but neither of those is improved by
       | leaving people to sleep on the street.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Hygiene service vans with showers for the rest
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | Wasn't there a study that came out showing every single one of
         | those things done by CA or Seattle failed?
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | > 2. Build dorm style shelters for anyone that would otherwise
         | sleep outside
         | 
         | We used to allow SROs, like the classic YMCA you'd see where
         | people down on their luck would live in old movies. These are
         | now illegal to build in most places, and the existing ones are
         | being closed down.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | What do you do if someone _wants_ to sleep on the street?
         | 
         | Where do you build these dorms?
         | 
         | Are there barriers to living in these dorms? Sobriety
         | requirements, job searching, etc?
         | 
         | We should definitely try to solve this but I don't think it is
         | simple at all.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | > What do you do if someone wants to sleep on the street?
           | 
           | This describes an incredibly miniscule number of people.
           | There are a lot of problems with existing shelters (as
           | mentioned quite a few times in thia thread) so currently it's
           | hard to disentangle "wants to sleep on the streets" from
           | "doesn't want the available alternatives." Yeah, there
           | probably are a few folks like this. Having an oversupply of
           | 1% isn't going to break the bank.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | That doesn't answer the question. I'm not opposed to
             | building more shelter space. But what do you do with the
             | people who _don't_ want to stay there?
             | 
             | Do you make it non-optional? Do you just accept that there
             | will always be some people living on the street? At what
             | point can a camping ban in public parks be reinstated and
             | enforced? Can it ever be? Should it?
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | You're on hacker news. The first rule of optimization is
               | to /benchmark and profile first/ and then work on the
               | part of the problem that will give you the biggest wins.
               | Don't just work on the imagined problem, because you will
               | usually be working on the wrong thing.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I thought hackernews was a place for thoughtful
               | conversation.
               | 
               | How should we optimize solutions to homelessness? Is
               | there some ideal amount of homelessness? Have we already
               | reached it?
               | 
               | Recall that this thread started with a comment offering a
               | two part solution that does not address an unwillingness
               | to stay in shelters.
        
               | forgotmypw17 wrote:
               | I think that camping should be legitimized and allowed.
               | 
               | For example, I saw in LA camping areas being cleaned by
               | city workers peacefully (with a token police car watching
               | over) and it seemed like a nice middle ground.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Do you mean dedicated camping areas or putting tents in
               | existing public parks?
               | 
               | Something like https://campsecondchance.rumblecrash.com/
               | but for tents?
        
             | xibalba wrote:
             | > This describes an incredibly miniscule number of people
             | 
             | Citation needed
        
             | forgotmypw17 wrote:
             | I would rather sleep outside than in any homeless
             | "shelters" I've been told about by people who have stayed
             | in them.
             | 
             | They're horrible places designed only for one purpose:
             | keeping the undesirables out of the public eye.
             | 
             | It was that way ~100 years ago when Orwell wrote "Down and
             | Out", and very little has changed since then.
        
           | cheriot wrote:
           | > What do you do if someone wants to sleep on the street?
           | 
           | When all of the available shelters are full this is not a
           | relevant question.
           | 
           | > Where do you build these dorms?
           | 
           | Near transit so people that can't afford a car can get
           | around. There's not a shortage of underutilized land in west
           | coast cities.
           | 
           | > Are there barriers to living in these dorms? Sobriety
           | requirements, job searching, etc?
           | 
           | no, none of those situations are improved by leaving someone
           | outside.
           | 
           | > We should definitely try to solve this but I don't think it
           | is simple at all.
           | 
           | There are complex problems in our society, but not having
           | enough bedrooms has a simple solution: build more bedrooms.
           | 
           | Someone is going to have a better chance finding a job if
           | they get a good night sleep and have a place to shower.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | > When all of the available shelters are full this is not a
             | relevant question.
             | 
             | It is relevant when we are talking about building more
             | housing. Why build something if people won't use it?
             | 
             | > Near transit so people that can't afford a car can get
             | around. There's not a shortage of underutilized land in
             | west coast cities.
             | 
             | Underutilized land _near transit_? What do you do about the
             | NIMBYs?
             | 
             | > no, none of those situations are improved by leaving
             | someone outside.
             | 
             | Of course, but do you want to live in a shelter with people
             | doing drugs? Should there be some that are drug friendly
             | and some that aren't?
             | 
             | > There are complex problems in our society, but not having
             | enough bedrooms has a simple solution: build more bedrooms.
             | 
             | Actually providing public housing isn't simple though. We
             | have a long history of trying all kinds of approaches that
             | didn't work for whatever reason. There's no simple answer.
             | 
             | > Someone is going to have a better chance finding a job if
             | they get a good night sleep and have a place to shower.
             | 
             | This assumes they want to find a job though.
        
               | jljljl wrote:
               | > It is relevant when we are talking about building more
               | housing. Why build something if people won't use it?
               | 
               | If the shelters are full, it's clear people are using
               | them. If we start seeing vacancies in shelters, then we
               | can worry about this.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I don't doubt we need more space now. Vacancies in
               | shelters would suggest we created too much supply, which
               | would be a waste of resources. I prefer to take the
               | approach of understanding the current needs and working
               | to address _all_ of those needs.
        
               | cheriot wrote:
               | All of the shelters where I live are full. The article
               | describes increasing chronic unsheltered populations in
               | west coast cities. Do any of these have empty shelter
               | beds? SF and LA do not.
               | 
               | "Underutilized land near transit? What do you do about
               | the NIMBYs?"
               | 
               | Tell them to take a hike. The state needs to get more
               | involved with objective rules so we don't have a game of
               | each neighborhood screaming NIMBY.
               | 
               | > Of course, but do you want to live in a shelter with
               | people doing drugs? Should there some that are drug
               | friendly and some that aren't?
               | 
               | I don't know the answer to this. When we have enough
               | shelters and people have a locked door to sleep behind
               | this will probably be the next problem to solve.
               | 
               | > Actually providing public housing isn't simple though.
               | 
               | Shelters and public housing are different. Any kind of
               | shelter has to be fully maintained with public funds
               | because the people sleeping in them are broke.
               | 
               | There's a countries with large amounts of successful
               | public housing. The theme is that it's well maintained so
               | it's actually desirable for stable, normal people.
               | Allowing a wider range of incomes to move in so that rent
               | can cover operations and maintenance makes it less
               | dependent on the whims of local pols.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Thanks for the thoughtful response.
               | 
               | Telling NIMBYs to take a hike isn't simple. How do you
               | actually achieve that?
               | 
               | The question is not if we have enough shelter space. The
               | question is if there are homeless who _do not want_
               | shelter space. In other words do we have another problem
               | to focus on _in parallel_.
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | #2 people won't let you build shelters where it's affordable to
         | do so. Seattle's homeless shelters should be built outside
         | Moses Lake, not where a studio costs $300k+. For the amount we
         | already spend, every single chronically homeless person could
         | be housed in dorms built out there and pay for the social
         | workers. Since they aren't doing that, it's clear the real
         | motivation is not to help the homeless.
        
           | pseudalopex wrote:
           | Outside Moses Lake is far outside Seattle's jurisdiction.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | It's also far too far away from jobs jobs jobs.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | We absolutely should build more homeless shelters. However many
         | homeless people refuse to stay in current dorm style shelters
         | because they don't allow drug use, or pets, or the other
         | residents are dangerous.
        
           | cheriot wrote:
           | This is a debate that comes up and I'm only familiar with the
           | specifics in San Francisco. I won't claim it's the same
           | anywhere else.
           | 
           | The shelters are full so the obvious problem is not people
           | refusing to sleep in them.
           | 
           | At the same time, many of the "offers" of going inside are
           | disingenuous. People giving up all of their belongings
           | (specifically tent and camping stove), leaving loved ones,
           | and the promised shelter is only guaranteed for a couple
           | weeks.
           | 
           | When I say dorm style shelters I specifically mean each
           | person has a door to lock and feel safe behind. Most current
           | shelters are dozens of cots in a large room. I wouldn't feel
           | safe there either.
        
             | boc wrote:
             | You're describing SROs and they've been disappearing from
             | cities like SF, despite being a decent option (on paper)
             | for transition housing.
             | 
             | Here's a primer: https://thebolditalic.com/life-inside-sf-
             | s-vanishing-single-...
        
               | cheriot wrote:
               | Yes, SROs are great and it's extremely difficult to build
               | new ones even where they're zoning compliant. We need a
               | lot more of them.
        
             | john_moscow wrote:
             | I can bet, the shelter utilization is highly correlated
             | with the cost of square foot in the area, which is a proxy
             | for general desirability.
             | 
             | And the solution should be to increase the desirability of
             | other areas, rather than making homelessness the new norm.
             | As a nice side effect, this will solve the general housing
             | availability issues as well.
             | 
             | Except, the public opinion is that we should somehow all
             | stick to a handful of coastal megacities and join the race
             | to the bottom in terms of square feet per person, noise and
             | cleanliness. This certainly benefits big property
             | developers, big vendors and big employers that wouldn't be
             | economically viable in a much sparser area, but I genuinely
             | don't understand why so many people are happy to
             | voluntarily move into a hamster wheel.
        
           | Bukhmanizer wrote:
           | The drug free thing is frustrating because it seems like it's
           | mostly optics.
           | 
           | Can't be seen to be implicitly supporting drug use, so you
           | have to deprive your residents of privacy, protection, and
           | freedoms.
        
         | nostrebored wrote:
         | The problem is that people in the U.S. so often only see
         | homelessness through the lens of where they live. Homelessness
         | is a unique problem in each city. For example, the west coast
         | has favorable weather and a history of being a destination for
         | people after they are released from prisons or mental
         | facilities. In cities on the east coast there is more leftist-
         | narrative style homelessness: people who were depending on
         | family and their family died, missing a check and sleeping
         | rough for a bit, etc.
         | 
         | There are also huge problems with treating the many different
         | problems the same way. For example, California would probably
         | benefit a lot more from building a mental health crisis center
         | and Georgia might benefit more from temporary housing that
         | actually gives you your own address (so that you can list it on
         | job applications, cell service, etc).
         | 
         | But in all instances there is typically an oversupply of
         | homeless shelters that people refuse to use (due to
         | restrictions on substance abuse etc.) it's a tough problem.
        
           | cheriot wrote:
           | "But in all instances there is typically an oversupply of
           | homeless shelters that people refuse to use"
           | 
           | What's a west coast city with empty shelters? The ones in my
           | town are full.
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | I will repeat this every time someone uses "favorable
           | weather" to explain California's barbaric treatment of its
           | homeless: _nobody_ wants to die of exposure. You can die of
           | expose at temperatures _well_ above what housed people
           | consider "comfortable." The number of homeless people who
           | would rather stay outside in your "favorable climate" versus
           | being afforded the basic dignity of a roof and room is a
           | rounding error.
        
             | nostrebored wrote:
             | Honestly spoken like someone who hasn't been homeless or is
             | close to anyone who has been homeless. A lot of people are
             | severely mentally unwell and do not want shelter.
             | 
             | And the complicating factor is the percentage of people
             | like this depends on the city! Eg Utah's approach to
             | homelessness probably won't work for Oregon.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I have spent my entire life around the homeless, in a
               | city that has a universal shelter mandate. I've also
               | spent the better part of a decade volunteering in food
               | pantries and community kitchens.
               | 
               | > A lot of people are severely mentally unwell and do not
               | want shelter.
               | 
               | No. What they don't want is to be corralled like
               | livestock into shared living spaces, with no privacy or
               | protection for their property. That's not because they're
               | mentally ill; it's because it's _degrading._ Give
               | mentally ill people the choice of _dignity_ and they will
               | overwhelmingly choose it.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | > Give mentally ill people the choice of dignity and they
               | will overwhelmingly choose it.
               | 
               | The one's flashing their genitals and screaming at
               | strangers?
               | 
               | The definition of "mentally ill homeless" is surely
               | nuanced and varied, by this archetype is certainly what a
               | lot of people are going to think of when they hear the
               | term. It's hard for me to imagine degradation is relevant
               | to them.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | Emphasis on "overwhelmingly." One of the most pernicious
               | problems in homeless advocacy is that the average person
               | only remembers their _worst_ encounters with mentally ill
               | homeless people, not the tens of thousands of people who
               | they 've silently passed on the street.
        
             | MomoXenosaga wrote:
             | Contrary to leftist belief just giving people a roof over
             | their head doesn't magically fix things. Where it that
             | easy. A lot of homeless are mentally ill, drug users and or
             | antisocial. You can't just drop these people in a
             | neighbourhood and everyone lived happily ever after.
        
               | cheriot wrote:
               | Nobody claims housing fixes those things, but it is an
               | improvement over the same people sleeping on the
               | sidewalk.
               | 
               | We don't need to put off the simple solutions because
               | there are harder ones after that.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I didn't say it "fixes" things, whatever that can
               | possibly mean. All I've done is counter the normal excuse
               | for the barbaric practice of not providing _basic_
               | amenities to the most needy.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | I don't know a single leftist who wants to just drop the
               | homeless in housing and forget about them. Usually, when
               | people talk about housing-first policies, they're
               | advocating for flipping the script: don't make treatment,
               | abstinence or work a prerequisite for housing; give them
               | a permanent address, a climate-controlled shelter, and a
               | secure place to store their belongings. And then,
               | concurrent to that, you can help them get a job and
               | treatment for illness or addiction.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | throwaway19937 wrote:
           | The west coast also has the 9th circuit's Martin v. Boise
           | decision (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_v._Boise). It
           | prevents criminalizing public camping unless there's shelter
           | space for everyone. This is impossible given the number of
           | homeless people so we're stuck with encampments everywhere.
        
           | 1986 wrote:
           | > an oversupply of homeless shelters that people refuse to
           | use (due to restrictions on substance abuse etc.)
           | 
           | There's a lot hiding in that "etc". Some other reasons people
           | refuse to use (some) shelters:
           | 
           | - shelter is / feels unsafe due to a subset of the sheltered
           | population
           | 
           | - shelter has a curfew that does not allow you to maintain
           | your work schedule
           | 
           | - shelter won't let you bring your child or pet or stuff
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I've seen this first hand and its difficult to comprehend.
             | Some people would rather sleep in dead cold winter than to
             | be in shelters. That's worth investigating...
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | Shelter won't let you drink, even in moderation.
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | I get the reasons for that, even ignoring the moral
               | mission ones; it's too much effort to monitor for abuse
               | and just easier to issue an outright ban.
               | 
               | A substantially different world if we had friendly AI to
               | do that monitoring and maybe individual tiny-houses or
               | apartments rather than a bunkhouse free-for-all like
               | Squid Games.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | The shelters _are_ unsafe and I wouldn't blame the average
             | person for choosing a tucked away park over a hive of
             | mentally ill and violent people. The solution is difficult
             | though. I'm thinking we need some way to provide secure
             | shelter. Something like those pod hotels where you get a
             | private, lockable pod so you don't have your phone stolen
             | or get raped in the middle of the night.
        
         | zz865 wrote:
         | > Make it legal to build homes where people live (looking at
         | you California, specifically LA, SF, SV)
         | 
         | Sorry this is BS. Better solution is move people to where the
         | homes are. Lots of cheap empty houses in America, just not on
         | California beaches. Yeah I'd rather live in a tent on Venice
         | beach than a run down house in Ohio too, but homeless dont have
         | a right to live anywhere.
        
       | spatley wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see these rates alongside housing
       | costs. Here in Seattle the median house price has tripled in the
       | last 10 years and homelessness has shot up along with it.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | Another attempt to convince you that your personal observations
       | must be incorrect because someone found a stat from a study
       | somewhere.
       | 
       | LA, Portland & SF- are obviously measurably worse over the past
       | decade. Portland is a case of going from beautiful downtown to
       | cesspool in that timeframe.
       | 
       | There are a lot of reasons that stats are misleading. Noise in
       | the data, biases, trivial statistics, incorrect measurement, poor
       | geographic approaches.
       | 
       | Please don't sit at your desk and tell me what I see out my
       | window doesn't exist.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | Add Seattle to the list as well. It has been years since I felt
         | safe taking my family downtown but now I don't even feel safe
         | in most parks.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | How much geographic diversity does your window look out to?
         | 
         | I don't doubt what you're seeing. But that only tells a very
         | specific story in the bigger picture.
        
         | strstr wrote:
         | Seems like you didn't read the article to the end. It discusses
         | the spike in unsheltered chronic homelessness on the west
         | coast, which is the most visible type.
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | Did you read the article? It's saying chronic unsheltered
         | poopulations are increasing on the west coast, which also seems
         | to be your observation.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | You seem to be saying that the data is biased, but your
         | personal anecdata is not.
         | 
         | Do I understand that correctly?
         | 
         | Or is it that when you say "homeless" you only mean the people
         | you see, and not all the rest of the people that would
         | typically fit the description of homeless?
         | 
         | What you see out your window certainly exists, but there is a
         | whole lot of the world that you cannot see from your window.
         | Claiming that your window provides the best view should at
         | least come with some sort of argument about why it's a superior
         | view.
        
         | whakim wrote:
         | Did you even read the article? The last two sentences are:
         | "Still, I think we can see why people in Seattle might feel
         | there's a crisis. Maybe anecdotal knowledge ain't so bad."
         | 
         | The whole point of the article is that things vary widely
         | across different locales. In some places homelessness is
         | increasing by a little bit; in other places homelessness is
         | increasing by a lot; in other places it's decreasing. The
         | article also makes the useful point that perceptions of
         | "crisis" are often related to whether unhoused folks are
         | sheltered or unsheltered. We don't hear a lot about the
         | homelessness crisis in New York even though its homelessness
         | rate is statistically the highest in the nation.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | Excellent breakdown of data on homeless populations across the
       | US. It could use a better title. This is worth looking at. It is
       | not your usual opinion piece on the topic. It's all data and it's
       | very good.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I've replaced the title with your description. Thanks!
         | Hopefully it will help the thread be more substantive.
        
         | dynm wrote:
         | I went ahead and changed the title of the article itself, too.
         | Thanks for the feedback.
        
       | stillbourne wrote:
       | I live in Denver, like any other metropolitan area there has
       | always been a homeless population. What has been different is
       | since 2016 there has been a staggering growth in the number of
       | tents and so called tent cities. This isn't a problem just
       | downtown either even if it is most visible there. The issue has
       | expanded outside downtown and is filling in vacant properties in
       | suburbia as well. Places like Aurora, almost every open space
       | park, bike paths, bridges, everywhere you can fit a tent is
       | turning into a homeless encampment. The worse part is I feel
       | helpless, I'm making good money and barley able to pay rent. I
       | feel powerless to help even if I could.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | > I'm making good money and barley able to pay rent.
         | 
         | How can this be both true? If you can barely make rent, it must
         | be that you're not making good money. Surely good money means
         | you have excess after paying all necessities.
         | 
         | If you mistakenly believe you're making good money, but is in
         | actual fact struggling, you must start looking for a higher
         | paying job.
        
       | tgbugs wrote:
       | One piece of analysis I'd be interested to see is whether the
       | transition probabilities among the 4 categories along with the
       | implied 5th category of "not homeless" have changed.
       | 
       | This is harder to get good data for because it would require
       | tracking individuals across time. The payoff is that it would
       | likely reveal evidence of structural changes if such changes
       | exist.
       | 
       | At the population level it is hard to tell whether and where
       | changes are happening. Getting the transition probabilities would
       | allow for more effective targeting of interventions (though most
       | of the folks who work on this already know which transitions are
       | the hardest to recover from).
        
       | antognini wrote:
       | The huge decrease in homelessness in North Dakota is probably due
       | to the end of the fracking boom. The map compares the
       | homelessness rate from 2015 to 2020, and 2015 was just a few
       | years after the height of the boom. During the early 2010s rents
       | in North Dakota shot up enormously as tens of thousands of
       | workers poured into the state to support the industry. There
       | wasn't enough existing housing to support the newcomers so there
       | was a lot of crowding into trailers etc. and it's no surprise
       | that a lot of people ended up homeless.
       | 
       | Fracking has leveled off for the past few years and many of the
       | workers have moved back to other oil fields so homelessness has
       | decreased dramatically.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | > There are some exceptions. For one thing, despite being close
       | to California, Nevada and some of the Montana-esque states saw
       | big decreases in certain categories.
       | 
       | Someone people would look at this and go wow, Nevada and the rest
       | did a great job providing shelters and help to their homeless.
       | 
       | I think a more realistic answer is that they just shipped them to
       | California.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | From what I've seen, it's more likely that it's because it's
         | easier and cheaper to building housing in Nevada than in
         | California. The states where homelessness has improved are
         | generally business-friendly and low-regulation states.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | And also make homelessness a crime. But conveniently they
           | push you toward places that help with people on the verge of
           | homelessness. All things combined with yours that these
           | coastal places do not. If people are threatened with jail for
           | being a vagrant, they'll eventually take the path of least
           | resistance and get a job.
        
         | MomoXenosaga wrote:
         | Homeless people aren't stupid. They go where they can live.
         | Nobody wants to winter in North Dakota lol.
         | 
         | More money in panhandling too I bet.
        
           | FPGAhacker wrote:
           | I thought that too about the weather but what about New York?
        
             | Iefthandrule wrote:
             | Plenty of homeless resources in New York.
        
             | mattnewton wrote:
             | NYC is probably a local maxima, where everywhere around it
             | is more expensive to live with less opportunity for
             | panhandling / social services, and it is a long uncertain
             | hike from there to somewhere that has weather as mild as
             | the San Francisco bay. I also imagine that the social
             | services in the south east are less desirable because of
             | their politics around taxing less / spending less
        
             | fc373745 wrote:
             | if you read the article you would know that the majority of
             | the homeless population in nyc are sheltered as a 1979
             | class action lawsuit found that it was a constitutional
             | right for the homeless to be sheltered.
        
         | csee wrote:
         | Evidence? I've read articles talking about homeless being
         | shipped both out of CA and into CA, but no solid reporting that
         | quantifies the gap between those two flows.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | The data doesn't really seem to support this, and my personal
         | experience doesn't either. Most homeless people in my
         | Californian town were living nearby when they became homeless.
         | And though I didn't go to high school here, friends who did
         | recognize people they grew up among the homeless.
         | 
         | There's a far bigger difference between California and its
         | neighbors: housing costs and availability of housing even for
         | those with money. I have known many well employed people in my
         | town that have not been able to get an apartment even after
         | applying for upwards of 20 apartments. When paired with
         | application fees, that means that these people spend $500-$1000
         | merely on application fees before they finally get into an
         | apartment.
         | 
         | That awful situation doesn't happen in Montana or Nevada, as
         | far as I know.
        
           | Iefthandrule wrote:
           | How long were they in California before they became homeless?
           | If they were living in a center for transients or were on a
           | couch for a year before being homeless (but were relatively
           | destitute in Nevada prior to this), then the data absolutely
           | supports it.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | There is never going to be official data on this by design,
           | but there is evidence of it happening all over the country,
           | and "friendly" places like California being on the receiving
           | end of it (https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvg7ba/instead-of-
           | helping-ho...).
           | 
           | Statistical anomalies are a proven way of identifying
           | cheating in a wide variety of scenarios like elections,
           | standardized tests and sports. It isn't conclusive evidence,
           | sure, but still a good place to start looking.
        
             | yardie wrote:
             | There is official data and it's these reunification
             | programs. Plenty of rich cities will give you a bus ticket
             | to live with friends and family. Most of the time it works
             | out. Sometimes it doesn't and that unsheltered person is
             | right back in the same place they left. But the person has
             | to agree to house them before a bus ticket is purchased.
             | They simply don't put them on the bus and let them figure
             | it out.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | Yikes, application fees are illegal where I live. That's some
           | pretty absurd rent-seeking. Is there a limit, or could an
           | unscrupulous "landlord" post an ad with very low rent for a
           | room, and live off the application fees without ever
           | accepting an application?
        
             | profile53 wrote:
             | Seattle had to pass a law requiring landlords to accept the
             | first qualified applicant in part due to this occurring.
             | 
             | https://www.seattle.gov/civilrights/civil-rights/fair-
             | housin...
        
         | whakim wrote:
         | I don't think this is true because it is non-chronic
         | homelessness which decreased in Nevada. Is there any evidence
         | for this theory?
        
       | chrsig wrote:
       | Yes. Yes there is.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Can you please not post unsubstantive comments to HN? We're
         | trying for higher-quality discussion, to the extent that that's
         | possible on the internet.
         | 
         | This is particularly important when a thread is fresh because
         | threads are so sensitive to initial conditions.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | So you'll allow a title that ask a question.. and then
           | someone answers it and you have an issue with their answer?
           | How do you pretend to claim to know that there isn't a
           | homeless criss?
        
             | seattle_spring wrote:
             | You realize there's a whole article attached to the title,
             | right? Is there an article associated to the unsubstansive
             | response that I missed?
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Of course they didn't answer the question--that would
             | require relevant information. A substanceless oneliner (and
             | in the form of an internet trope, even) is not that.
             | 
             | Surely it isn't hard to understand that "Yes. Yes there
             | is." is an unsubstantive comment. This is not a borderline
             | call.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | dang does _not_ "pretend to claim to know that there isn't
             | a homeless criss". Don't put words in his mouth; that is
             | very much not cool.
             | 
             | What dang _does_ know is that, by HN standards, chrsig 's
             | answer was pretty useless. He's asking chrsig to do better,
             | not to have a different answer.
        
           | chrsig wrote:
           | Given that the title was changed after my comment, I'd say
           | that the comment was substantive, and contributed to the
           | conversation.
           | 
           | Questioning that there's a homeless crisis when the data
           | shown in the submission states that there's north of 500,000
           | homeless in the US is an absurd starting point for a
           | conversation.
           | 
           | That is, _there is no conversation to be had about that
           | question_. And any debate held by HN on that would be
           | astoundingly privileged.
        
         | mokarma wrote:
         | Betteridge's law of headlines says there isn't.
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | And of course, the law holds true here. There is a crisis _in
           | some parts of the US_ but overall, the homeless rate has been
           | relatively stable.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | Even so it'd be nice to know if this number is acceptable
             | at a given level of economic maturity as well as level of
             | employable skills. If there is a skills gap or a mental
             | health gap, are those comparable to similar economies or
             | worse or maybe better?
        
             | cheriot wrote:
             | Is there a reason for the richest country in history to
             | have homelessness anywhere?
        
       | BrianOnHN wrote:
       | In addition to what's mentioned here[1], I like that "unhoused"
       | implies that this is more of a societal problem, opposed to
       | "home-less" which implies a deficit in certain individuals.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/homeless-
       | unhoused/...
        
       | rp1 wrote:
       | This data is interesting because it illustrates how few chronic
       | homeless people there are, and yet people who live in cities with
       | large homeless populations will tell you how disruptive they can
       | be. In NYC, a homeless person getting in your subway car ruins
       | the entire ride. This tiny portion of the population has an
       | outsized impact on everyone else. For this reason, among others,
       | society should find some help for these people.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | They should be punished for not taking the social service
         | avenues intended to make them not homeless.
        
         | noahtallen wrote:
         | Definitely. As an example, say you walk in your neighborhood to
         | the transit station. A single encounter with someone with a
         | mental health issue will be enough to give you the impression
         | that things are worse than they are. One isolated instance of
         | feeling unsafe had an outsized impact on how you feel about the
         | neighborhood in general. It's just human!
         | 
         | And unfortunately, in west coast cities, it's not even that
         | isolated. If there is a camp near-ish your neighborhood for
         | some time, there will be a lot of instances. And as you go into
         | the city, the more dense "downtown" parts are areas where
         | people might not live all the time, but a lot of different
         | people do experience them frequently, and a lot of homeless
         | people may be there too. So thousands of people might get a
         | subconscious feeling of being unsafe, just from a small number
         | of people who might not even be acting in unsafe ways.
         | 
         | That's why people see it as a crisis: a lot of people in west
         | coast cities feel increasingly unsafe. That's partly founded
         | (because violent crimes are increasing), and partly unfounded
         | (just someone's impression of a different person they aren't
         | comfortable around). So there is a huge emotional response.
        
           | s5300 wrote:
           | Personal anecdata is most definitely an issue, and a very
           | hard one to solve.
           | 
           | For example - the greater LA metro area has roughly 19
           | million people (as of 2019 believe it's higher now)
           | 
           | 19 million people is the equivalent of the populations of the
           | 13 lowest population states. Including for example, South
           | Dakota.
           | 
           | The last time I looked into this, roughly a year ago (and at
           | 2019 numbers) the entire state of South Dakota has the same
           | amount of crime as Los Angeles. However, the entire state of
           | South Dakota is roughly 1/20th the population of Los Angeles.
           | 
           | We also have decades of data showing that people who grew up
           | in or have lived large metropolises are at roughly 20%-25%
           | greater disposition to severe mental illness such as
           | schizophrenia. Simply for living in that environment.
           | 
           | So, that being said - I think somewhere like Los Angeles is
           | doing _pretty damn good_ for itself. It 's an undeniably
           | slightly crazy place to be living or growing up in, and their
           | general crime levels are only at the level of a place with
           | 1/20th of it's population, that is much less dense. In my
           | eyes, it seems like a place with less population density
           | would be less prone to crime.
           | 
           | Most people don't take any amount of time to become aware of
           | information like this though... thus we get nowhere in
           | solving issues.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > a homeless person getting in your subway car ruins the entire
         | ride.
         | 
         | i think it's more a person with one of a specific subset of
         | mental illnesses that can ruin the whole ride.
         | 
         | not sure what the solution to that is.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >yet people who live in cities with large homeless populations
         | will tell you how disruptive they can be. In NYC, a homeless
         | person getting in your subway car ruins the entire ride.
         | 
         | I dunno man.
         | 
         | I've ridden Boston and DC light rail systems pretty extensively
         | (and NYC to a small extent) and never had an obviously homeless
         | person ruin my ride. Heck, I can't even think of a specific
         | instance where one did anything of note.
         | 
         | My coworkers on the West coast however...
        
         | crowbahr wrote:
         | > In NYC, a homeless person getting in your subway car ruins
         | the entire ride
         | 
         | I've ridden with homeless in the same car as me plenty of times
         | and only occasionally will they be disruptive.
         | 
         | I'm far more irked with showtime than with the occasional
         | sleeping down-on-his-luck guy.
        
           | b9a2cab5 wrote:
           | Not sure what your meaning of disruptive is but I would
           | define "ruins the entire ride" as making the entire car smell
           | like urine and feces. I've also gotten on buses where it is
           | plainly apparent someone peed on the bus floor.
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | I'm sure you can find a few anecdotal counter examples but
             | generally speaking people don't behave that way on the east
             | coast, homeless or not. And when they do it's more likely
             | to be a drunk on game day than a homeless person.
        
               | b9a2cab5 wrote:
               | Sounds like I need to move to the East Coast because
               | that's the experience I get half the time I get on a bus
               | or BART in the Bay.
        
       | GaryTang wrote:
       | I still have a difficult time understanding how increased
       | homelessness is not a direct result of increased taxes and
       | regulations. The data presented corroborates as much and though
       | correlation doesn't mean causation, correlation certainly doesn't
       | indicate a lack of causation either. We go to great lengths to
       | justify the results when the simplest explanation is staring
       | right at you.
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | This is great work, data I've been very interested in. It would
       | be really fascinating to get to county and city level, where I
       | live there's been a crazy increase in people living in tents with
       | severe mental and/or substance abuse problems. It does reflect at
       | the state (Oregon) level but I think it's a bit misleading
       | because it feels like there are magnet areas where all the
       | increase happens in one spot.
        
         | dynm wrote:
         | Hey, I do have plots at the city and county level, 387 of them!
         | Go to https://dynomight.net/homeless-crisis/#all-plots and
         | click on the second triangle thing.
        
       | crateless wrote:
       | I wish that there was a breakdown by gender as well. It seems
       | somewhat incomplete as is.
        
       | r00fus wrote:
       | What about red states bussing homeless to the west coast?
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/us/homeless-busing-seattl...
       | 
       | Until it's not possible to simply ship your problems away (kind
       | of like how we handle recycling), governments are incentivized to
       | do the wrong things.
        
         | whakim wrote:
         | The article you cited literally states that only 5 percent of
         | Washington state's unhoused population became homeless out of
         | the state.
        
           | erik_seaberg wrote:
           | If we want to know the magnitude of states shipping homeless
           | people away, we need to start measuring how many had been
           | supporting themselves. I've seen studies about California
           | homelessness where a participant was counted as in-state if
           | they bussed in and crashed on a friend's couch for a while.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > only 5 percent of Washington state's unhoused population
           | became homeless out of the state.
           | 
           | homeless is an incredibly broad term. i would be curious in
           | the numbers split across different subsets, like homeless
           | with schizophrenia.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | lostinquebec wrote:
       | I think the articles problem is the lack of a definition of
       | "crisis", and that leads to a bad mismatch between the headline
       | and what is a reasonable look at the data.
       | 
       | My issues with the article are:
       | 
       | It starts from a too high aggregation level - almost no one is
       | homeless in California, they are homeless usually in a very
       | narrow area e.g. within 500 metres of bridge X.
       | 
       | Percentage change in raw numbers are not a good way to measure
       | "crisis", and especially not at a state or city aggregated level.
       | It seems more like traffic to me. Even in peak hour traffic, many
       | roads are free of traffic, and the worst affected roads are those
       | where the level of cars exceeds the roads ability to cope. That
       | happens in a thin range of total cars per minute for specific
       | roads, not due to X% increase overall. The same is true of
       | homelessness in a city vs ... let's call them "hotspots".
       | 
       | Perhaps even more important than numbers in specific areas is the
       | actual conditions homelessness creates in those areas. "Bad
       | conditions" could be everything from human faeces on the street
       | increasing, to murders, over doses, disease and unsanitary
       | conditions, and it is possible for "bad conditions" to decrease
       | and homeless numbers go up, or visa versa. That is harder to
       | measure for sure, but probably closer to what most people mean by
       | crisis.
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | It's really good to see the breakdown into the four broad
       | classes. The big question: should we as a society be allowed to
       | force permanently unsheltered people with substance abuse and
       | mental illness into some kind of facility for treatment? Most
       | people who even want to do anything about these problems would
       | probably say no but I think it's at least worth asking.
        
       | jseliger wrote:
       | There is mostly a _housing_ crisis, with homelessness downstream
       | of housing.
       | 
       | I originally left this comment a few months ago, but: CA
       | especially has been underbuilding housing for close to 50 years
       | (https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/14/sf-housing/) and now has a
       | severe housing shortage, to the point where a parodic response,
       | like "California will try absolutely anything to reduce
       | homelessness, except build more housing"
       | (https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/i-will-do-anything-to-en...)
       | is the only reasonable one.
       | 
       | I've worked on Prop HHH and other proposals designed to reduce
       | homelessness in California:
       | https://seliger.com/2017/08/30/l-digs-hole-slowly-economics-...,
       | but none of them work, or can work, without making housing easier
       | to build.
       | 
       | Before someone mentions "mental illness" and "drugs" and other
       | contributors to homelessness, yes those are real factors: that
       | said, the lower the cost of housing, the easier it is for someone
       | on the margin of being housed or being homeless to stay housed.
       | The lower the cost, the easier it is for family, SSDI, Section 8,
       | and other income supports to keep a person housed. As the cost of
       | housing goes up, the number of people who fall from the margins
       | of "housed" to "homeless" goes concomitantly up. So yes, mental
       | illness and drug abuse are factors, but they're factors
       | exacerbated by housing costs, and they're really red herrings
       | relative to overall housing costs.
       | 
       | The homelessness problem is intractable without zoning reform,
       | and the removal of barriers to new housing, whether those
       | barriers are height maximums, parking space minimums, or
       | "neighborhood input" or "community input," both of which are
       | functionally barriers to building anything, anywhere.
       | 
       | Homelessness is mostly a housing problem:
       | https://www.slowboring.com/p/homelessness-housing. We can and
       | should remove barriers to building new housing, and, until we do
       | that, we're going to keep seeing these problems. CA SB-9 and
       | SB-10 are steps in the right direction but they're very small
       | steps. Tokyo's approach would be better:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16704501. Even places like
       | New York are proposing density reductions, insanely:
       | https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/coronavirus/202....
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | I don't buy it. In Toronto, there are new condo buildings going
         | up seemingly on every block, but there are still 10,000
         | homeless[1].
         | 
         | The inconvenient truth is that building low-income housing is
         | not very profitable and no entity driven by the profit motive
         | wants to do it. The margins on luxury condos are much better.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.fredvictor.org/facts-about-homelessness-in-
         | toron...
        
           | trinovantes wrote:
           | When you're severely constrained by where you can build
           | thanks to NIMBY, you always build whatever has the highest
           | margins i.e. luxury 1bd condos
        
           | jseliger wrote:
           | See https://fullstackeconomics.com/how-luxury-apartment-
           | building... for the empirical research refuting that point
           | and agreeing with the basic supply-demand issue. The issue in
           | Toronto is not just the anecdotal "new condo buildings" but
           | how much housing Toronto has built per capita for the last
           | several decades, which is almost certainly "too little." See
           | the link in my original post to data from Tokyo, which is one
           | of the few cities to have done housing right.
           | 
           | "Filtering" has always been a housing phenomenon:
           | https://cityobservatory.org/what-filtering-can-and-cant-do/
           | and https://cityobservatory.org/how-luxury-housing-becomes-
           | affor....
        
           | chii wrote:
           | But the increased supply of the top would put pressure on the
           | lower end as well. It's not isolated.
        
         | aaronbrethorst wrote:
         | Also, being unhoused exacerbates mental illness and substance
         | abuse.
         | 
         | https://www.americanprogress.org/article/lack-housing-mental...
         | 
         | https://www.kalw.org/show/crosscurrents/2016-12-07/mental-he...
        
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