[HN Gopher] How do cars fare in crash tests they're not specific...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How do cars fare in crash tests they're not specifically optimized
       for? (2020)
        
       Author : ndr
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2021-11-11 15:22 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (danluu.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (danluu.com)
        
       | Dunedan wrote:
       | A month ago Tesla published a video showing their Crash Lab:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KR2N_Q8ep8
       | 
       | What they claim to do there is to use their real world data to
       | try to optimize for real crashs and not for crash tests.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | I heard from my wife that cars are designed for men-- that is,
       | the crash test dummies are all designed to represent "the average
       | male". I was really surprised by this.
       | 
       | https://kjonnsforskning.no/en/2019/06/cars-are-still-designe...
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | What country is that? Definitely not the US. You can read about
         | the different types here: https://www.nhtsa.gov/nhtsas-crash-
         | test-dummies
        
           | lambdasquirrel wrote:
           | That only changed relatively recently. I think in the last
           | decade? Volvo was the only company testing on female dummies
           | for much longer. They are the only company doing testing with
           | models of pregnant women.
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevetengler/2021/02/16/volvo-c.
           | ..
        
         | syrrim wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure they use two crash test dummies, one
         | representing the 95% man, and another for the 5% woman. This
         | was mentioned when I did a course on product design a few years
         | ago. The article you linked seems terribly biased, and I
         | wouldn't treat it as particularly reliable.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | The latter being true doesn't really make the former true. If
         | you have one dummy that represents the average male, you're not
         | doing a good job designing for men either.
        
         | MaxBareiss wrote:
         | Not all crash test dummies are 50th percentile males[1]. In the
         | United States:
         | 
         | Regulatory Frontal: 50th male in front-left and front-right, or
         | 5th female in front-left and front-right
         | 
         | Regulatory Side, struck by SUV: 50th male
         | 
         | Regulatory Side, struck by pole: 50th male
         | 
         | NCAP Frontal: 50th male in front-left, 5th female in front-
         | right
         | 
         | NCAP Side, struck by SUV: 50th male in front-left, 5th female
         | in rear-left
         | 
         | NCAP Side, struck by pole: 50th male
         | 
         | As you can see, most tests are done with male dummies, and
         | almost no females dummies are drivers. Fortunately, there's
         | money that's just been allocated by Congress for doing more
         | female dummy testing.
         | 
         | [1] Also important to note that, at least in the United States,
         | the percentiles were determined in the 80s and Americans have
         | gotten fatter.
        
         | danielvf wrote:
         | As a kid in the 1990's, I got to go to the biggest crash test
         | facility in the US, the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety.
         | There were crash dummies of different sizes all the way down to
         | kids and infants.
         | 
         | Here's a list of current US dummies, including average males,
         | extra small females, kids, etc:
         | 
         | https://www.nhtsa.gov/nhtsas-crash-test-dummies
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | The IIHS is always ahead of the curve. They're sponsored by
           | insurance companies, so they have a huge incentive to reduce
           | injuries. (It's amazing what can be done when billionaires
           | have their incentives align with a greater good)
           | 
           | But, they have no power to regulate. Vehicles that do poorly
           | under IIHS testing are completely legal, they simply get
           | named-and-shamed. Sometimes I wonder how lax NHTSA testing
           | would be if it weren't for the comparison point which is the
           | IIHS.
        
             | brigade wrote:
             | On the other hand, because they're sponsored by car
             | insurance companies, they only care about injuries from
             | impacts.
             | 
             | Like how them changing their whiplash tests _caused_ neck
             | pain and injuries for anyone significantly outside their
             | test dummies. But because they 're not caused by an impact,
             | but rather because they fail cars that allow the user to
             | adjust head restraints to be less effective for the median
             | posture, they don't care.
        
       | PeterisP wrote:
       | I think it's appropriate to consider that this particular test
       | ("driver-side small overlap") is not a random situation to which
       | the car simply isn't specifically optimized for, but rather a de
       | facto adversarial example - the particular model of accident was
       | chosen because people observed that this type of accident seems
       | to cause a lot of injuries, i.e. that this test intentionally
       | targeted a specific known weakness of the current cars; so it's
       | no wonder that the initial test results confirmed that.
       | 
       | If the average car would already (pre-modifications) do well in
       | driver-side small overlap situations, then this type of crash
       | would simply not get chosen for extra testing.
        
       | ericpauley wrote:
       | > All of those models scored Good on the driver side small
       | overlap test, indicating that when Honda increased the safety on
       | the driver's side to score Good on the driver's side test, they
       | didn't apply the same changes to the passenger side.
       | 
       | This is an especially concerning observation for Honda. I'm
       | curious if there's any more detail on this or if there's a
       | plausible reason aside from gaming the benchmarks (e.g., the
       | positioning of firewall-forward components might naturally favor
       | small-overlap protection on the driver's side, or a steering-
       | wheel mounted airbag would naturally perform better than dash-
       | mounted).
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | The article is just flat wrong about Honda.
         | 
         | The small overlap tests started in 2013, most of the Hondas
         | already scored "Good" in the small overlap tests by 2013.
         | 
         | The Author awards BMW and M-B excellent status for correcting
         | their problems by 2017, but most of their cars were
         | Poor/Marginal for 4 years.
         | 
         | Somehow Honda is worse for having most of their models "Good"
         | in 2013 with only a few models having issues.
         | 
         | The Civic and the Accord for example have never been tested as
         | anything but "Good" in these tests, whereas comparing them to
         | the BMW 3-series and M-B C Class those cars tested out as
         | "Poor" or "Marginal" for 4-5 years before they were corrected.
         | The Pilot by comparison did have problems.
         | 
         | How this equates to BMW/M-B being great and Honda being
         | problematic is terrible.
         | 
         | Note the author in his notes doesn't denote which
         | cars/trucks/SUVs in which model years he's actually talking
         | about, making it impossible to figure out how he's judging the
         | brands. Most of doing well on these tests tended to have to do
         | with where in the redesign cycle a manufacturer was with a
         | particular car/truck/SUV.
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | I agree this seems especially odd since Honda are Japanese and
         | in Japan the driver sits on the right (as they do in the UK,
         | Australia, NZ and some others). I doesn't make sense for them
         | to skimp on driver-side protection in these markets.
        
           | ranger_danger wrote:
           | Honda domestic models are actually not as ubiquitous as you
           | might think in Japan. They're typically larger than your
           | average kei car; the roads are narrower, the speed limit is
           | lower, and the crash safety standards just aren't the same as
           | other countries.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | The current generation Accord went on sale in the US more
             | than 2 years before it went on sale in Japan. There aren't
             | any factories even producing the Accord in Japan. Any of
             | them that exist there are imported. It's primarily a car
             | designed for the US (and other) markets.
             | 
             | The most popular Honda and Toyota models are just as
             | American (or more so) than anything the Big 3 produces.
             | Some of them are even designed in Detroit.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | It seems like, even if intentional, that it's a sensible
         | optimization. Among multi-car collisions, drivers' side small
         | offset collisions I'd expect to be vastly more common than
         | passenger side small offset collisions.
         | 
         | In both single and multi car collisions, we will assume there's
         | a driver in all cars, but less than 100% chance for there to be
         | a front-seat passenger in all cars.
        
           | flyingfences wrote:
           | The question then arises whether they apply those
           | optimizations to the same or to opposite sides in left-hand-
           | drive vs. right-hand-drive markets.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | It's very likely. The difference between RHD and LHD models
             | are much more extreme than is obvious. Vehicles have to be
             | designed with chirality in mind, but not everything can
             | just be moved to the other side of the vehicle, for
             | example, a FWD car usually has the engine orientation fixed
             | regardless of market, which is going to cause asymmetries.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | You'll sometimes see a real tight engine compartment,
               | with a huge gap where the master cylinder and brake
               | booster will go in the RHD models. I think that the
               | 1990's Camaros and Firebirds had this peculiarity.
               | 
               | It also meant that changing the right hand side
               | sparkplugs was a breeze, but the left side required
               | either dropping the engine or drilling the firewall.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Despite having owned two f-bodies, I never knew they were
               | available in RHD.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | The small overlap test is designed for situations where cars
         | hit one-another, head on, on a narrow two lane road. So making
         | changes only to the driver's side makes some sense here,
         | because it's always the driver's sides that impact in this
         | test. It's less "optimizing for the test" and more "optimizing
         | for results", as these accidents used to be the most deadly
         | type of accidents.
         | 
         | Additionally, this is a really, really difficult test to pass,
         | which is why everyone failed it. Even the revisions didn't help
         | too much because there's not much that can be done to an
         | existing chassis other than add a deflection bar or something.
         | True success here requires ground up engineering.
        
         | MaxBareiss wrote:
         | My understanding is that these companies were gaming the
         | benchmarks, but one possible justification is that many
         | vehicles have only one occupant: the driver. Adding weight and
         | reinforcements for a seating position that's typically
         | unoccupied may seem at least partially unjustifiable.
        
       | enragedcacti wrote:
       | > Unfortunately, if we get into a car accident, we don't get to
       | ask the driver of the vehicle we're colliding with to change
       | their location, angle of impact, and speed, in order for the
       | collision to comply with an IIHS, NHTSA, or *NCAP, test protocol.
       | 
       | I'm smitten with the stupid idea of teaching your self-driving
       | car that when a crash can't be avoided it should attempt to make
       | the crash as close as possible to the nearest crash test protocol
       | of the jurisdiction it's operating in.
        
         | MaxBareiss wrote:
         | Modern vehicles have seatbelt pre-tensioners to get drivers as
         | close to the tested crash position as quickly as possible. Some
         | vehicles also move the seat position before a crash to get you
         | closer to the test position as well.
        
           | eunoia wrote:
           | My 2019 Volvo XC40 pre-tensions the seatbelts and moves the
           | seats like this.
           | 
           | I didn't know it was a feature until I nearly got rear ended
           | waiting on a left turn and the car went into rear impact
           | protection mode. (Other driver veered off at the last
           | second). It was quite impressive tbh.
           | 
           | Edit: For the curious:
           | 
           | https://www.volvocars.com/lb/support/manuals/xc90/2018w46/dr.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.volvocars.com/en-
           | th/support/manuals/v60/2017w17/...
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | Some cars actually do change their geometry prior to a crash!
         | Things like raise the suspension on the side about to be
         | impacted so the car is higher!
        
           | turtlebits wrote:
           | Mercedes interestingly has a system to protect your ears by
           | playing a sound pre-crash as well.
           | 
           | https://www.mercedesbenzofnatick.com/new-features-
           | mercedes-b...
        
         | Someone1234 wrote:
         | I lilke the concept, but suspect it won't ever happen because
         | the increased liability is too high.
         | 
         | If the self-driving tries, and it worsens the impact somehow,
         | bigger lawsuit. If the self-driving fails to do so, bigger
         | lawsuit.
         | 
         | And it might sound "insane" that a best attempt could result in
         | worse liability than no attempt, but unfortunately there is a
         | lot of legal precedent to back up the idea.
         | 
         | PS - Although legislation could make self-driving manufacturers
         | immune from increased liability for these "best effort"
         | systems.
        
         | jhgb wrote:
         | > when a crash can't be avoided it should attempt to make the
         | crash as close as possible to the nearest crash test protocol
         | of the jurisdiction it's operating in
         | 
         | Like quickly put a dummy in your seat and throw you out?
        
           | ketralnis wrote:
           | My motorcycle safety course said that in a car accident the
           | safest place for you is inside the car in the middle of all
           | of those airbag deployments, but in a motorcycle accident the
           | safest place is to be thrown as far away from all of the
           | spinning colliding sliding bending grinding metal as possible
        
             | deckard1 wrote:
             | Being away from other cars is one thing, but how you get
             | there is another.
             | 
             | There are only two ways to go down on a motorcycle. High-
             | side or low-side. Pretty sure most people would prefer low-
             | side if they ever had to pick. I had a high-side crash on a
             | bicycle once. Luckily it was a grass field with soft dirt.
             | Had to go home and change my pants after that one.
        
             | i_am_proteus wrote:
             | This is half-true.
             | 
             | Getting run over by a car after going down is a bad day.
             | 
             | The real technique, in my opinion (I have been down a few
             | times), is to use the brakes to take off as much speed as
             | possible while, if you can, bringing both the bike and
             | yourself off the roadway and onto a shoulder or median.
             | 
             | And always: legal or not, lane split into stopped traffic
             | so that it's an instinct. More than once the car in front
             | of me has slammed his brakes on and I've split in next to
             | him, only for him to be rear-ended by the car which was
             | behind me.
             | 
             | Much better to be next to a car that is rear-ended than to
             | be behind one.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | One of my older brothers had that policy -- if at all
             | possible he pushed away from the bike as hard as he could
             | when it was clear an accident was unavoidable. He actually
             | used that strategy twice, believe it or not. Worked
             | swimmingly both times, which could just be chance.
        
               | fencepost wrote:
               | _Worked swimmingly both times, which could just be
               | chance._
               | 
               | Survivor bias. The people that it didn't work for don't
               | get to tell you how well it worked.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | My dad used to always tell me the story of someone in our
               | extended family who got in an accident while riding his
               | bike (he had his helmet on) and rode his bike himself to
               | the hospital only to die the same day.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | This is one of those feral motorcyclist myths (another
               | one is "loud pipes save lives"). It's just a weird meme
               | that there's some critical point at which it is optimal
               | to throw your bike down and leap clear. That's nonsense.
               | It's always optimal to stay on the bike and brake as hard
               | as possible up to the moment of impact. Always. The
               | energy necessary to get the bike into an intentional low-
               | side dismount so you can jump clear is always better
               | spent dumping kinetic energy into the brakes, with the
               | bike fully upright and the front wheel fully loaded.
               | 
               | Another completely insane motorcyclist meme is if you are
               | inevitably going to strike an animal in the road, it's
               | better to hit it in a wheelie, that is, with the front
               | wheel raised off the ground. Again: insane.
        
               | orangepurple wrote:
               | When you jump off the bike you lose kinetic energy over a
               | larger distance than in a vehicle impact due to skidding
               | over tarmac
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | You don't personally have the strength to significantly
               | change your vector. If you try to jump off the bike you
               | are going to end up hitting whatever you were going to
               | hit anyway. You may have an instantaneous power of
               | perhaps 1-2 horsepower if you are superbly fit and are
               | for some reason braced for action. The brakes on your
               | motorcycle can decelerate you as much as 1g in dry
               | weather. It's better to stay on.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | You have to have proper luck with trajectory (your older
               | brother had it to tell you the stories) - you go fast on
               | a bike, you keep that speed when jumping off it. Then you
               | either hit something hard (probably instant death) or you
               | land and start sliding/tumbling.
               | 
               | If you still don't hit anything, you can often even walk
               | away, or end up with minor arm/foot injury. Unfortunately
               | I've seen videos of contrary, ie couple riding same bike,
               | hitting car, flying over it, sliding maybe 50m and still
               | hitting curb so hard their bodies jumped quite a bit in
               | the air. Both dead on spot.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I don't remember the second accident, but I still recall
               | the first one. A small car (VW Bug) pulled out in front
               | of him and he t-boned it. He jumped. It was in an
               | otherwise open area, so he rolled. Banged up a bit, but
               | he figured he ended up better than if he had stayed with
               | the bike, which ended up embedded in the car (something
               | about VW Bugs having not much in the front wheel area
               | that was strong, and that's where the bike hit).
               | 
               | As I said, it could entirely have been chance that this
               | worked out for the best. I'm not a rider myself, and my
               | brother is not an expert just a rando like me who has had
               | a fair amount of interesting experiences in his life (how
               | he is still alive today, I'm not quite sure, but luck has
               | to be the biggest factor).
        
             | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
             | I mean, points for being right. We should create Star Trek
             | teleporters so we can use them to avoid motorcycle
             | accidents.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I don't think the teleporter would absorb the momentum
               | though. You'd just fly out of it and smash on the nearest
               | wall.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | The insurance company just needs to lease out one of
               | those giant trampoline bounce houses to teleport all of
               | its policyholders into.
        
               | _carbyau_ wrote:
               | What happens when two accidents happen at the "same"
               | time?
               | 
               | Whoever is running the teleporter would have to have
               | "collision avoidance" strategies I guess. :-)
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | We could teleport you into a fluffy bouncy comfy room
               | with inflatable walls.
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | Then how does it slow Enterprise's crew from orbital
               | velocity when beaming them down to a planet?
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | The ship is on a geostationary orbit, obviously.
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | There's around 4 km/s difference between geostationary
               | orbital speed and the surface of the Earth. For a zero
               | inclination circular orbit, you'd need to be at an
               | altitude of ~1855000 km to have linear velocity equal to
               | the nadir on Earth's surface.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | quijoteuniv wrote:
               | Could not connect to server... retry?
        
             | TacticalCoder wrote:
             | I went "over the bars" twice. Once I was passenger on a
             | motorbike and I flew over the car we hit. The other time I
             | was driving the motorbike and I did brake until the very
             | end, thinking "oh shit, won't do": I stood up on the bike,
             | while still braking. And flew over the car again. Waking up
             | in the ambulance, temporarily blind, not knowing which year
             | it was nor if I had a wife or not, wasn't cool. It took I'd
             | say easily 15 minutes before I could see again: I started
             | regaining sight in the hospital although I clearly remember
             | paramedics talking to me in the ambulance.
             | 
             | I'm very lucky, in both cases, I didn't hit anything but
             | the road. Especially not the car.
             | 
             | I still rode MX bike on tracks for a while then eventually
             | quite entirely.
             | 
             | Now I've got a mountain bike and it's scary enough already!
        
             | briHass wrote:
             | The downside to this is that you also need to stop moving
             | slowly. The benefit of airbags/crumple zones is that they
             | prevent your squishy body from decelerating too rapidly.
             | Great if you can get off the motorcycle and slowly slide to
             | a stop in a dirt field, less good if you slide into a
             | barrier or telephone pole.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | At the risk of pissing off the people who care about
               | automobile safety only as far as it enables them to earn
               | internet virtue points...
               | 
               | Which decelerates your face more gently, 14" of air space
               | for it to flop around in or 5" of air followed by 9" of
               | airbag? Engineering tradeoff are everywhere.
               | 
               | You're absolutely right that slowing down slowly is the
               | name of the game. Failing that, evenly spreading the
               | force is the next best thing.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > it should attempt to make the crash as close as possible to
         | the nearest crash test protocol
         | 
         | You jest but this is what humans and animals do instinctively.
         | When you fall, you try to fall in a way that minimizes damage.
         | 
         | For example, if you trip over something and your hands are
         | occupied so you can't use them to catch yourself, you will
         | instinctively try to roll onto your shoulder instead of
         | faceplanting into the ground.
         | 
         | You see this in freestyle motorcycle and mountain bike riding,
         | and skateboarding etc as well. If you see you aren't going to
         | land the trick, you try to throw the bike or skateboard away
         | from you and land feet first down the ramp. Plenty of videos of
         | pros doing this on youtube.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | The way pros fall is definitely more than just instinct,
           | though. The human instinct to fully extend an arm when
           | falling is a much worse way to fall than tuck-and-roll, etc.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | Fair. I probably spent enough of my youth on mountain bikes
             | and rollerblades to develop those instincts.
             | 
             | An AI driver should have those instincts too imo. I'd
             | expect my car to crash in the safest possible way if it
             | can't not crash.
        
       | mywittyname wrote:
       | The title feels pretty disingenuous here because the small
       | overlap test is substantially more difficult than the full
       | frontal, or half overlap tests that were tested previously. As
       | was discovered when looking at real world crash data, the
       | improvement in outcomes from the 50% overlap tests fell off
       | dramatically in 10% overlap situations. Hence, why a new test
       | specifically for that was introduced.
       | 
       | I think a better way to look at how cars fair in crash tests that
       | they are not "specifically optimized" for is to look at results
       | from real world crash data. Like, among various vehicles which
       | received top marks in <crash test>, how did buyers of those
       | vehicles fair in real world accidents that the crash tests are
       | designed to simulate.
        
         | hangonhn wrote:
         | Is this the sort of statistics you're looking for?
         | https://www.iihs.org/ratings/driver-death-rates-by-make-and-...
        
       | ak217 wrote:
       | This article doesn't have a date, which is unfortunate. But on
       | this topic, IIHS recently published this:
       | https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/small-suvs-struggle-in-new-...
        
       | GhettoComputers wrote:
       | >Another issue is crash test dummy overfitting. For a long time,
       | adult NHSTA and IIHS tests used a 1970s 50%-ile male dummy, which
       | is 5'9" and 171lbs. Regulators called for a female dummy in 1980
       | but due to budget cutbacks during the Reagan era, initial plans
       | were shelved and the NHSTA didn't put one in a car until 2003.
       | The female dummy is a scaled down version of the male dummy,
       | scaled down to 5%-ile 1970s height and weight (4'11", 108lbs;
       | another model is 4'11", 97lbs). In frontal crash tests, when a
       | female dummy is used, it's always a passenger (a 5%-ile woman is
       | in the driver's seat in one NHSTA side crash test and the IIHS
       | side crash test). For reference, in 2019, the average weight of a
       | U.S. adult male was 198 lbs and the average weight of a U.S.
       | adult female was 171 lbs.
       | 
       | Women are neglected in testing of every standard. Essentially
       | they're benchmarks of computer performance in human form, with
       | the most hopeful data being used.
       | 
       | It's much harder to account for women who have more variation
       | such as hips, breasts, pregnancy status, corporate would rather
       | rather tell you the best results with the cheapest and the best
       | case results. The weight of the dummies, the height, and the lack
       | of variation is both cost cutting, testing the most healthy
       | models, and way to bypass the regulations with clever tricks that
       | most people trust because there aren't more data sources and it's
       | a lot of effort to learn more.
       | 
       | Most things that are tested are, especially pharmaceutical drugs.
       | They use men's dosages and at most change bu weight but ignore
       | important factors that are women's issues since it's easier to
       | neglect it lazily, then blame the patient's biology rather than
       | the doctor's incompetence and lack of research, but the lack of
       | information that drug companies give.
       | 
       | Paid drug trials are often signed up for by more risk taking
       | males, and hormone cycles of women make drugs have more variation
       | they'd rather sweep under the rug, you also see the difference in
       | showdogs winners where a female dog's hormone cycle like her
       | period can destroy performance.
       | 
       | Another cost cutting example is the lack of long term effects,
       | they use mice models rather than dogs because it's cheaper and
       | shows less long term effects, win/win for hiding these results
       | until it's discovered by real world usage.
       | 
       | Something encouraging though are computer physics simulations.
       | Volvo has been at the forefront of safety, they're the top rated,
       | tested on women before regulations forced others to, making the
       | safety belt and not patenting it, encouraging its usage due to
       | their focus and morality. The results don't surprise me.
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | >Car manufacturers, if so inclined, could optimize their cars for
       | crash test scores instead of actual safety.
       | 
       | I think it's fair to say that cars are incredibly safe compared
       | to 40 years ago. But crash safety compromises new cars in so many
       | ways, it's a bit of a pity.
        
         | throwaway946513 wrote:
         | Are you referring to the 'crumple-zone' and energy absorbing
         | structures of the vehicles?
        
           | jabroni_salad wrote:
           | I've made my peace with body design but I really don't like
           | the huge pillars they are putting in cars these days. I test
           | drove a Mazda 3 recently and visibility in all directions was
           | really poor compared to my current 09 Fit. The sensor suite
           | is cool but it's not like airplanes where operators can be
           | expected to pick up an instrument rating.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Pillars don't have to obscure visibility. Yes, we have
             | curtain airbags now, but you've got airbags inside the
             | pillars of your Fit. The difference between the pillars on
             | your 09 Fit and the Mazda 3 are mostly design decisions.
             | The Fit interior is just an insanely good design.
             | 
             | The angle and positioning of the pillar in relation to the
             | driver are huge factors.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | What's the formula for KE? What's the dominant term in that
           | equation? What's the exponent on that term?
           | 
           | Anyone telling you that energy absorbing structures are of
           | significant value except at a very narrow range of speeds and
           | impact type is peddling falsehood.
           | 
           | The bulk of the improvement since the 90s (well into the era
           | of crumple zones, remember they are a prerequisite for
           | airbags) has been from better airbags, side curtain airbags,
           | pre-tensioners and better modeling software that allows those
           | things as well as seats and seatbelts to be engineered to
           | levels that were unheard of even a decade ago. Whether you
           | hit hard objects in a crash has a lot less to do with luck
           | these days. Stronger cabins are a plus (especially for non-
           | frontal crashes) too.
        
       | bongoman37 wrote:
       | This is Goodhart's law in action. If the score doesn't actually
       | reflect how safe the car is then the the parameters of the score
       | ought to be modified. Maybe a single score doesn't capture
       | everything and you may give a different score to someone looking
       | for a car for individual driving vs couples vs a family with
       | young kids.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | I'm still driving my 2004 Volvo XC70. It crossed 100K miles this
       | summer. My thinking is to replace it next year with a newer XC70.
       | I love the shape and form factor. Wish they were still made.
       | While I feel safe in the case, I know that I'm missing out on new
       | active safety features.
        
         | muro wrote:
         | The XC70 is no longer manufactured - are you going to get an
         | older one?
        
       | lost-found wrote:
       | As expected, Volvo is the king. I've always taken the "Teslas are
       | the safest" with a huge grain of salt.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Anything Tesla is tough because of the mobilized army of fans.
         | 
         | Electric cars are really amazing in some scenarios though - I
         | was a passenger in a Tesla in a winter accident that would have
         | been a rollover event in many cars... we ended up in a flat
         | spin and in a ditch instead.
         | 
         | Volvo has always made safety a key value. I remember picking up
         | my dad from a police station after he had been in a 50 car
         | pileup in the 90s. His Volvo was unrecognizable, but he walked
         | away, only needed help from a policeman to cut the seatbelt off
         | as the buckle release wasn't accessible.
        
         | brianwawok wrote:
         | So you take a one page HTML post + Volvo marketing as "proof"
         | of your decision?
        
           | lost-found wrote:
           | Nope, I take IIHS's tests as proof. Nice try though!
        
       | ben7799 wrote:
       | This article seems to be ultra out of date and it doesn't cite
       | the specific crash data showing why they grouped cars the way
       | they did.
       | 
       | For example he's grouping BMW and Mercedes right below Volvo.. at
       | least in the case of the Frontal Small Overlap test that doesn't
       | seem right at all. The Small Overlap Frontal test was introduced
       | in 2012.
       | 
       | The Honda Accord in 2013 was acing that test, BMW and Mercedes
       | were failing it miserably for a few more years. The 2013 Accord
       | IIRC should have been rated at least as high as the Volvos.
       | 
       | I have a 2013 Subaru, it got 5 stars in the frontal small overlap
       | test as well, years ahead of the BMWs and Mercedes.
       | 
       | Something is just off about the whole thing if you remember back
       | to when these tests were introduced and you were looking at
       | buying a car.
       | 
       | Tesla pretty much never got anything but 5 stars in these 2 tests
       | IIRC, not sure where that came from.
       | 
       | The article would have been much better if it linked to the
       | specific crash data to support the claims. IIHS has all that data
       | publicly available IIRC. It is good stuff to look at when buying
       | a car.
       | 
       | BMW, Mercedes, and Toyota/Lexus were the real outliers who had
       | appeared to try to "game" the old benchmarks and then failed
       | these new tests the most spectacularly.
        
         | lost-found wrote:
         | > Tesla pretty much never got anything but 5 stars in these 2
         | tests IIRC, not sure where that came from
         | 
         | You're not recalling correctly. The Model S got an "acceptable"
         | rating on the small frontal offset test in 2017:
         | https://www.slashgear.com/tesla-model-s-again-fails-to-earn-...
        
           | ben7799 wrote:
           | Right but he's equating "Acceptable" to worse than "Poor" as
           | the German cars were achieving in the same time frame. The
           | Tesla was "Acceptable" for years where the German cars were
           | "Poor". Which is worse?
           | 
           | Also he's attributing poor passenger side tests to malice
           | when the real reason might be that the engineering
           | requirements are very different because the steering column
           | doesn't exist on the passenger side.
        
             | lost-found wrote:
             | Sure, there probably should be a category between 3 and 4
             | for Tesla: mediocre before and after. I'd prefer a car that
             | is now safer over one that has always been mediocre, but
             | that's just me.
        
               | ben7799 wrote:
               | Right but he's punishing Tesla for scoring "Acceptable"
               | for years on the test when they scored "Excellent" on the
               | other tests.
               | 
               | And he's somehow rewarding M-B and BMW when they scored
               | "Unacceptable" or "Poor" on the same tests for years when
               | scoring "Excellent" on the other tests. Scoring
               | Unacceptable/Marginal/Poor on a test when scoring
               | Excellent on others is much more evidential that the car
               | was specifically designed only to game the test standard.
               | 
               | It took Tesla longer to upgrade the car from "Acceptable"
               | to "Excellent" on the new tests than it took BMW/Mercedes
               | to upgrade their cars from "Poor" to "Excellent" on the
               | tests, but that still means M-B and BMW put hundreds of
               | thousands of cars with Poor crash performance on the road
               | for years while Tesla was putting cars on the road with
               | "Acceptable" performance in the same test. Somehow that
               | makes Tesla worse in his rating system.
        
       | zip1234 wrote:
       | Other categories not tested for--how do people outside the
       | vehicle fare? How do occupants of another vehicle fare?
        
         | avhon1 wrote:
         | Vehicles _are_ tested for pedestrian crashworthiness. Modern
         | cars are even tested on their ability to detect pedestrians and
         | avoid hitting them.
         | 
         | https://www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-ratings-expla...
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | Seems like that is only European cars:
           | https://usa.streetsblog.org/2020/04/28/vehicle-safety-
           | standa...
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | What Tesla did IIHS test in 2012, the Roadster?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _How well do cars do in crash tests they 're not optimized for?_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23689538 - June 2020 (343
       | comments)
        
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       (page generated 2021-11-11 23:01 UTC)