[HN Gopher] Evergrande teeters on edge of default as $148M payme...
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       Evergrande teeters on edge of default as $148M payment falls due
        
       Author : nwidynski
       Score  : 254 points
       Date   : 2021-11-10 18:14 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | underscore_ku wrote:
       | i'm scared!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | $148M correct? Seems small, like a fairly wealthy multi-
       | billionaire could just pay that off in one fell swoop.
        
         | nwidynski wrote:
         | This is just the interest payment on a $300B debt.
        
       | Specie33 wrote:
       | Interesting about this is that Evergrande is defaulting only on
       | foreign held debt. Not internal debt after a ccp mandate.
       | 
       | If their economy continues its downturn then this precedent would
       | hold for all debt. I would really watch personal funds and
       | investments and insure they dont hold any chinese debt as an
       | asset.
        
         | Laforet wrote:
         | Much of their domestic debt has been quietly swapped for equity
         | and commercial papers over the past few years. A tonne of
         | unsecured debt that they have no intention nor ability to pay
         | back.
         | 
         | The reason why Evergrande has accumulated so much foreign debt
         | in the first place is because no domestic bank wanted to touch
         | them with a ten foot pole. After all they have effectively
         | defaulted once already by unilaterally declaring an equity swap
         | on 130 billion CNY worth of maturing bonds in September last
         | year.
        
         | rp1 wrote:
         | China has been waging economic warfare via equity markets for a
         | while now. The U.S. hasn't done anything to protect investors
         | from billions in losses. Totally embarrassing.
        
           | justicezyx wrote:
           | Wait a second...
           | 
           | How is Evergrande's foreign debt default translate to "waging
           | economic warfare via equity markets"? Of course China is
           | responsible for its own domestic debt, because evergrande
           | borrowed from state-backed banks. Are foreign debters also
           | backed by Chinese government? Are you suggesting Chinese
           | government should take responsibility for foreign investors?
           | 
           | And "for a while"? Name another case remotely matches
           | "economic warfare".
        
             | rp1 wrote:
             | Since you asked, China basically had an inside man in the
             | Californian pension system and purchased a large amount of
             | Chinese tech stocks. Beijing then pulled the carpet out
             | from under them, causing 400B in US pension losses: https:/
             | /www.google.com/amp/s/californiaglobe.com/articles/us...
        
           | HenryKissinger wrote:
           | The U.S. shouldn't protect investors from the free market?
           | That's the free market at work. Investors are not entitled to
           | be paid. All investments carry risk.
        
             | beervirus wrote:
             | Yes, the CCP changing the rules is "the free market."
        
               | emkoemko wrote:
               | free market where if i want to invest into a Chinese
               | company i have to invest into a fake company in the
               | Bahamas? If i want to really invest into China there are
               | crazy rules and in the end they will just take your ip...
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | If I build a company with the assumption that the rules
               | of the locale it operates never change, I'm certain that
               | I'm the fool in the conversation.
               | 
               | What you describe is a known risk that anyone with a lick
               | of sense should be accounting for, before they invest.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | There is significant counterparty risk when investing in
               | China. It's a shame that people had to find out like
               | this. Or maybe it's for the best.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | If they're choosing of their own free will to participate
               | in the market, it's a free market. No one said anything
               | about a safe market.
        
             | theandrewbailey wrote:
             | I agree with that, but that didn't happen in 2008.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | A) What do you propose the US do?
           | 
           | B) Why should the US do anything? If your risk profile when
           | dealing with Chinese companies doesn't include the risk that
           | the CPC will change the rules of the game later to benefit
           | the domestic economy, you're a sucker.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Why should the US do anything?_
             | 
             | If private investors want to invest in China, that's fine.
             | But pensions and banks should not, and should not be
             | investing in funds that do. Their risks are shared, and
             | China trashing their balance sheets is a public policy
             | concern.
        
             | igammarays wrote:
             | A) Fight back by limiting Chinese expansion with US
             | financial influence. Sanctions, etc.
             | 
             | B) The US should do something, because if they don't, China
             | will continue to take advantage of US ineptness. States
             | have powers which investors simply don't have.
        
               | shmatt wrote:
               | US government ineptness? Or US citizen ineptness. It's
               | not the government buying this debt
               | 
               | Now what, the government stops people from trying to make
               | a quick buck on a high risk investments? We can start
               | from stopping Americans from paying 7 figures for digital
               | drawings of monkeys
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > We can start from stopping Americans from paying 7
               | figures for digital drawings of monkeys
               | 
               | NFTs are even _more_ moronic than that: they are nothing
               | more than links to external content - Tweets, images,
               | videos, whatever. Meaning that everyone who wants to see
               | and reproduce the content you paid a million dollars for
               | only has to download and dump the corresponding
               | blockchain... and also meaning that you are the proud
               | owner of a bit of nothing when the external hosting
               | service goes down.
               | 
               | If you ask me, NFTs are a combination of tulip mania,
               | scams and good old-fashioned money laundering using art.
        
               | throw9000 wrote:
               | If the US intervenes, they're branded as interlopers. If
               | they don't, they're branded as inept. Seems like they're
               | fucked either way in the eyes of the rest of the world.
        
             | rp1 wrote:
             | For A) the U.S. should delist all Chinese ADRs to start.
             | There were literally billions of stock in completely
             | fraudulent companies being sold on U.S. exchanges.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | The government should do everything* to protect me, the
             | citizen.
             | 
             | *Except the things that make me confused and angry, even if
             | they benefit other citizens.
             | 
             | Welcome to neoliberal hell.
        
               | adfm wrote:
               | Bashing on neolibs and alt-right isn't going to solve
               | anything.
               | 
               | The problem with politics is the left knows it's not
               | always right.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | I want to understand that second sentence better. Is it
               | the same sentiment as the Bukowski quote stating "The
               | problem with the world is that the intelligent people are
               | full of doubts, while the stupid ones are full of
               | confidence"?
        
               | rp1 wrote:
               | Neoliberalism is an economic policy, it has nothing to do
               | with liberal politics.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | If we hamfist "politics" to mean nothing but culture war
               | noise, then sure, economics and politics are separate. I
               | always thought that people were smarter than that.
        
               | justicezyx wrote:
               | It's naive to split economy and politics... Just like
               | it's naive to split culture and engineering in a company.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | A) I'd suggest that there are a wide variety of options
             | here, reciprocal actions are common in diplomacy, so for
             | instance the US could default on an equal amount of US debt
             | that China holds, or perhaps pass a law that in the case of
             | the bankruptcy of US companies bonds owned by Chinese
             | nationals at any time after the proposal of said law (to
             | avoiding them just selling them) are void.
             | 
             | Of course these options (and probably any other options you
             | imagine) would have pretty wide reaching side effects - to
             | the extent that I'm not even sure they are worth the cost -
             | but they definitely exist.
             | 
             | B) Because transfer of wealth from US investors to China
             | harms US interests, the US government exists to serve US
             | interests and part of that is standing up for their
             | nationals in international trade.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | > for instance the US could default on an equal amount of
               | US debt that China holds
               | 
               | https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/amdt14_S4_
               | 1_1...
               | 
               | > The validity of the public debt of the United States,
               | authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment
               | of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing
               | insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But
               | neither the United States nor any State shall assume or
               | pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of
               | insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or
               | any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but
               | all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held
               | illegal and void.
               | 
               | The US defaulting on any debt is unconstitutional.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | The United States government defaulting on any amount of
               | its debt would be really really really stupid policy.
               | 
               | > Because transfer of wealth from US investors to China
               | harms US interests, the US government exists to serve US
               | interests and part of that is standing up for their
               | nationals in international trade.
               | 
               | I am not convinced apriori that this is the case, and
               | don't feel comfortable having politicians who
               | _definitely_ have no clue whether that is the case making
               | the calls.
        
               | scoopertrooper wrote:
               | The market has a way of dealing with this. Chinese
               | corporate debt is currently trading for pennies on the
               | dollar. Chinese companies are going to be essentially
               | locked out of global credit markets for the foreseeable
               | future.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | runako wrote:
           | I guess it's "warfare via equity markets" if you didn't exit
           | the trade soon enough.
           | 
           | But what would you call it when American investors make
           | boatloads of money investing in Chinese stocks? And should
           | the US regulate away their ability to earn those returns?
           | 
           | Since US investors can also lose money when US companies
           | default, should investors also be prevented from investing in
           | those too?
           | 
           | Incidentally, this "protect investors" logic is the same
           | reason for the accredited investor regulations that prevent
           | the masses from investing in startups.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | What is the US supposed to do, prevent anyone from being
           | exposed to this situation?
           | 
           | That's a wide ranging / impossible mandate there.
        
             | emkoemko wrote:
             | how about not let people invest in companies that are
             | Chinese? since the CCP bans them from being listed anyways,
             | now when you invest in Chinese companies your investing in
             | some fake company in the Bahamas ...
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | China markets are heavily intertwined with everything,
               | not investing in Chinese companies will not protect you.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | A bunch of greedy US investors dumped money into quixotic
           | Chinese companies and we should bail them out? Sounds
           | politically toxic to me.
        
             | zaptrem wrote:
             | If a large group of innocent US citizens that ventured to
             | China for tourism reasons were shot down by CCP police
             | would you say the government should stay out of it, instead
             | blaming them for trusting China?
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | It's almost like those to situations are entirely
               | different and so it's completely reasonable that someone
               | would have a different reaction to them.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Handing money to a foreign business because you see
               | dollar signs that aren't there is not remotely comparable
               | to getting killed by a police officer.
        
         | topper-123 wrote:
         | > Evergrande, the world's most indebted developer ... grapples
         | with more than $300 billion in liabilities, $19 billion of
         | which are international market bonds.
         | 
         | Sounds like this is mostly domestic debt, so they cant make
         | this go away by saying they wont support international debt
         | holders. Seems like the CCP in a tough spot here.
        
         | jonahbenton wrote:
         | Uh, Tether?
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | because some guy on twitter said any Tether exposure to
           | commercial paper = 150% exposure to imploding evergrande
           | bonds
           | 
           | this is the funniest meme, "we made it up"
           | https://youtu.be/GM-e46xdcUo
           | 
           | Its a pretty clever meme because pointing out how dumb it is
           | makes it seem like that person doesnt believe there is
           | anything _else_ wrong with tether, immediate derailing their
           | criticism of the latest rumor, allowing for literally any
           | rumor to be masqueraded as truth.
        
             | raesene9 wrote:
             | I don't think Tether is in purely Evergrande bonds, but I
             | _do_ think Tether has a load of Chinese bonds /commercial
             | paper, and if an Evergrande default causes a general
             | reduction in the value of those, Tether will be in a very
             | sticky position as they'll have a large hole in their
             | reserves...
        
               | AlexCoventry wrote:
               | Why do you believe that?
        
               | raesene9 wrote:
               | So AFAIK Tether has ~$30b of commercial paper
               | (https://tether.to/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/08/tether_assuranc...) which would
               | make it one of the larger commercial paper operators in
               | the US market if it operated there.
               | 
               | From what I've read, other paricipants in the US market
               | have stated they don't see Tether partipating there, to
               | that kind of volume.
               | 
               | Combine that with the fact that, until recently, China
               | was a huge market for crypto both miners and traders, and
               | it seems likely that the large chinese commercial paper
               | market would be where Tether would have at least some of
               | it's money.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | I don't understand why anyone believes Tether when they
               | say they own $30b of commercial paper. The fact that
               | nobody in any of the commercial paper markets know who
               | they are suggests that Tether is once again at least
               | being misleading if not lying.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | They have to own something for $30B+ [1]. It is unlikely
               | it is anything in significant in the U.S, both because it
               | is harder not to be noticed as you say and also greater
               | risk of interference from regulators etc.
               | 
               | It is not unreasonable to think China has good chunk of
               | those deposits, and in China real estate is a big
               | component of the economy and growth in the recent years.
               | 
               | Chinese real estate market is both large enough and
               | opaque to be able to ingest that kind of capital.
               | 
               | [1] It is possible they are issuing tokens out of thin
               | air without actually taking in equivalent USD/fiat
               | currency, but given it trading volume on crypto exchanges
               | it seems unlikely say 90+% of their $73B + are tokens
               | fake. Even 10% is $7.3B a very significant sum.
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | Mark Levine had some good thoughts on this situation, and it
         | really does seem to encapsulate the entire Chinese "free
         | market" experiment in a single entity. I hope that market
         | regulators all around the planet are paying attention to the
         | challenges of trying to "control" market movements in order to
         | promote an agenda (whether it is protecting pension funds or
         | national prestige).
         | 
         | If you've got your "thumb on the scale" as the saying goes,
         | there will always be forces that try to exploit that condition.
        
           | AlexCoventry wrote:
           | Do you mean Matt Levine? If not, could you give a link,
           | please?
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Yes, Matt, and I get the newsletter so I don't know where
             | the link is, but here is an excerpt: EDIT found the link: h
             | ttps://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-09-21/evergr
             | ...
             | 
             | From Matt Levine:
             | 
             | It seems to me that what is interesting about Evergrande is
             | not so much the magnitude of its debt problems but their
             | variety. Evergrande owes money to Chinese banks. It owes
             | money to foreign hedge funds, and foreign investors own its
             | stock. It owes money to suppliers, and to Chinese retail
             | investors in those wealth management products. And it owes
             | apartments to buyers. And the retail investors who bought
             | Evergrande wealth management products were often also
             | Evergrande homeowners, because the products were sold at
             | Evergrande buildings:                   "My parents put the
             | bulk of their savings, which is Rmb200,000 and not a lot by
             | Evergrande's standard, into its [wealth management
             | products]," said the daughter of one investor who asked to
             | be identified by her surname Xu.               She said an
             | Evergrande financial adviser stationed in an apartment
             | tower built by the company in central China had persuaded
             | her mother to invest. "They wouldn't have trusted
             | Evergrande's wealth products had they not bought the
             | developer's apartment," she said.
             | 
             | In fact they were apparently advertised in the elevators:
             | "I bought from the property managers after seeing the ad in
             | the elevator, as I trusted Evergrande for being a Fortune
             | Global 500 company," said the owner of an Evergrande
             | property in the conglomerate's home province of Guangdong
             | surnamed Du.
             | 
             | And it also sold the wealth management products to
             | employees:                   When the troubled Chinese
             | property giant Evergrande was starved for cash earlier this
             | year, it turned to its own employees with a strong-arm
             | pitch: Those who wanted to keep their bonuses would have to
             | give Evergrande a short-term loan.              Some
             | workers tapped their friends and family for money to lend
             | to the company. Others borrowed from the bank. Then, this
             | month, Evergrande suddenly stopped paying back the loans,
             | which had been packaged as high-interest investments. ...
             | The extent of the campaign and how much money it might have
             | raised were unclear. Employees were told to each invest a
             | certain amount of money in Evergrande Wealth products, and
             | that if they failed to do so, their performance pay and
             | bonuses would be docked, employees told Anhui.
             | 
             | These products were simultaneously (1) "categorised as
             | fixed-income products suitable for 'conservative investors
             | seeking steady returns'" and (2) sold with 11% yields.
             | Seems bad!
             | 
             | When a big company runs out of money, the basic questions
             | are (1) who gets paid and who doesn't and (2) should the
             | government pay its debts for it? Those questions are
             | interconnected. There is an ordinary way to answer the
             | first question, some waterfall of claim seniority. You look
             | at the company's capital structure and say "well these
             | people have senior claims and will get paid back, and these
             | people have junior claims and won't, and these other people
             | are somewhere in the middle and might get some recovery."
             | And there are complex and subtle questions about the best
             | way to preserve value in the business: Perhaps you have the
             | legal right to stiff customers (perhaps their deposits
             | aren't particularly senior claims), but if you do that
             | you'll never get any more customers, so you treat them
             | better than you are legally required to. And the managers
             | of the business and the creditors and the lawyers work
             | together to figure out a plan that maximizes the recovery
             | for everyone.
             | 
             | But if the ordinary process to answer the first question
             | ends up with an answer like "sympathetic ordinary people
             | lose their life savings," or "politically connected people
             | lose everything," or "the banking system loses a lot of
             | money and becomes undercapitalized," or for that matter
             | "housing prices collapse," then that is a good reason for
             | the government to step in. And if the government is
             | stepping in, there is no particular reason to assume that
             | the ordinary claims of seniority will apply. If the
             | government steps in to rescue small investors or the
             | banking system or housing prices, that doesn't necessarily
             | mean it will also rescue foreign hedge funds.
             | 
             | Bloomberg's Joe Weisenthal and Tracy Alloway did an Odd
             | Lots episode with analyst Travis Lundy about this, in which
             | he gives his best guess at a waterfall of repayment. "I
             | think that if you start from the ranking of who ends up
             | coming out well on this, if you had to ask, this is the
             | Communist Party of China who's the most important
             | stakeholder in this," he says, and then goes through a list
             | of claimants ordered by, basically, how politically
             | sympathetic they are. This seems like a more reasonable
             | analysis than, like, looking at the corporate structure and
             | legal document to see which claims are more senior.
             | 
             | Much of the writing about Evergrande has been about "is
             | this China's Lehman moment?" The main lesson of Lehman was
             | that the collapse of a big levered interconnected firm
             | could cause serious economic damage, and since Lehman,
             | financial regulators in the U.S. and Europe have done a lot
             | of work on reducing leverage and interconnection and
             | damage.
        
               | AlexCoventry wrote:
               | Thanks.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | The same happened in reverse with the Euro and the Swiss
           | Franc.
        
       | irthomasthomas wrote:
       | Surprised Xi didn't just step in and pay the trifling sum.
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | So those Tether "loans" to Evergrande are all gone up in smoke?
        
       | bingohbangoh wrote:
       | So is this still "the next Lehman brothers"?
       | 
       | Or have we moved on to something else?
        
         | chalst wrote:
         | It's Lehman-like in that I don't think China will be bailing
         | anyone out.
         | 
         | It's not Lehman-like in that the company isn't a tangled
         | octopus in the middle of the financial system. Lots of
         | investors exposed to developing markets will get burned, but I
         | don't think the knock-on effects will be huge.
        
           | WhisperingShiba wrote:
           | I think the complicating factor is that the Chinese housing
           | market is where the people of China attempt to have savings.
           | 
           | A major housing market panic in China could create a lot of
           | despair and unrest in China.
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | Which would challenge CCP legitimacy, which would push the
             | CCP to rely on the time tested tactic of blaming someone
             | else and going to war over it.
             | 
             | I really, really hope I'm wrong about that.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | The CCP has a long way to fall - it is much more popular
               | among its populace than our government is and we aren't
               | seeing substantial armed rebellion here yet.
               | 
               | The dynamic in China is that the central government is
               | overwhelmingly popular and the local governments are more
               | derided.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Eh? We just voted the guys in charge out last year. No
               | need for armed rebellion, but same results.
               | 
               | What happens in China when public sentiment shifts is
               | anyone's guess.
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | Like software Q&A's the answer might be "it depends".
         | 
         | Imagine there are EU/US banks that have loaned money to
         | Evergrande or any related domino that may fall.
         | 
         | I imagine a loan from a bank is listed as an asset for the bank
         | because they are charging interest monthly and it produces
         | income for the bank. Now they don't have that income because
         | the company isn't paying. It now moves to the liability part of
         | the balance sheet.
         | 
         | One of the elements of the 2008 crisis was mortgage backed
         | securities, bundling of mortgages sold as a security. What if
         | these banks have done the same thing with Commercial
         | mortgages/bonds? How many derivatives are based on these
         | loans/bonds Evergrande isn't paying on? Zero, then likely no
         | "contagion". Many? maybe they are isolated to China?
         | 
         | I think its likely an onion that is peeling back its layers and
         | we don't know the full impact until its done.
        
         | dageshi wrote:
         | China doesn't have a convertible currency, it might cause
         | turmoil in China but I don't see how it can effect the rest of
         | the world much.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | If Chinese billionaires have to start selling a lot of
           | overseas real estate, equities, cryptocurrencies, etc. to pay
           | off debts because the CCP put them in a small room with a
           | terminal and said "pay off this debt or bad things happen to
           | you", then it can absolutely affect the rest of the world.
           | 
           | Now, given how many things in the US are at terribly inflated
           | prices, especially housing that people need to live in, maybe
           | in the long run it's a good thing. But between here and there
           | it could be quite turbulent.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _is this still "the next Lehman brothers"?_
         | 
         | No, and it never was.
         | 
         | With Lehman, the banks stopped lending to Lehman and then to
         | everyone else. In China, Beijing can let Evergrande default
         | while compelling lending to peripheral players. Thise players
         | know this. The market knows this. That makes contagion risk _de
         | minimis_. (For Western central banks, the analogous policy tool
         | is "extraordinary measures," _i.e._ committing to buying
         | everything in sight.)
         | 
         | Keep in mind that Evergrande is defaulting because Beijing
         | implemented debt limits. They're wilfully deflating the bubble
         | American policymakers ignored in '08. I'm a China hawk. But
         | this whole episode is a show of strength for their system.
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | Less a show of strength IMO and more of a using the fire
           | extinguisher to put out a fire.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | If it were a show of strength in the system why did they let
           | the bubble get so big in the first place?
           | 
           | They've been using real estate as a place to stash everything
           | bad for a while:
           | 
           | https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/what-if-xi-jinping-just-
           | is...
        
           | nostromo wrote:
           | > They're wilfully deflating the bubble American policymakers
           | ignored in '08.
           | 
           | The Fed was aware of the real estate bubble and tried to
           | deflate it in 07-08. But it's hard to deflate a bubble
           | gradually without triggering a catastrophic downturn.
           | 
           | The Fed played a huge role in triggering the recession. They
           | intended to deflate the housing bubble, but didn't realize it
           | would cause several banks to implode and risk the entire
           | financial system.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | They knew it was too hot, but the market failure in the
             | bond rating market hadn't been identified so they were
             | operating off of flawed information.
             | 
             | The real failure of the Fed was being way too tight
             | monetarily _after_ the crisis started though.
        
               | tomputer wrote:
               | It looks like they went from too tight to too loose:
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BOGMBASE
               | 
               | I'm not an economist but that graph looks unhealthy.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Monetary base is irrelevant without looking at velocity
               | (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2V)
               | 
               | The Fed has been much more on point this time around than
               | it was in 2008.
        
       | bob229 wrote:
       | Lol
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | Can anyone ElI5 what this could potentially mean for the world
       | economy?
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | Exposure to the international market is 19 billion USD so I'm
         | guessing some funds will take a bad hit and will start legal
         | proceedings. Bonds must have been junk for awhile now though so
         | don't know who takes the hit. The unknown is the internal
         | Chinese market side-effects. Depends on who holds the debt and
         | if the government steps in to rescue it.
        
           | misterbwong wrote:
           | 19B international exposure really doesn't seem like a lot,
           | but, as you said, in the context of _300B_ total in
           | liabilities. $279B is _-a lot-_ for a Chinese market where
           | the home ownership rate is almost 90% and non-primary home
           | purchases account for ~70% of the housing purchases.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | Calling it now: Tether and a few other stablecoins explode.
             | 
             | Where other than China would you go to buy massive
             | positions (face valued) of bonds, with continued room for
             | expansion of your position, in private deals that you could
             | keep quiet?
        
               | snovv_crash wrote:
               | Any of the other BRICS countries would also be a viable
               | option for that, without the big downside of the CCP's
               | anti-crypto position.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Afaik, neither Brazil or India has loose and large enough
               | capital markets to support that influx. And Russia is a
               | dicey proposition.
               | 
               | Besides, the CCP's anti-crypto position doesn't matter
               | here. We're talking about a company (Tether Holdings
               | Limited, or a front for it) investing in bonds. No crypto
               | involved.
        
             | christkv wrote:
             | "The financial fallout would be far reaching. Evergrande
             | reportedly owes money to around 171 domestic banks and 121
             | other financial firms," the Economist Intelligence Unit's
             | (EIU) Mattie Bekink told the BBC.
             | 
             | I would suspect the Chinese government will backstop the
             | banks and firms but force consolidation and punish some
             | people publicly.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | The direct exposure in itself is not very high as other posters
         | have noted, however the way the CCP is handling this and
         | general market reaction can have serious impact on confidence
         | and in turn financials markets can react globally .
         | 
         | In combination with high U.S. inflation, slow economic recovery
         | in the aftermath COVID-19, labor shortage/great resignation/
         | supply chain challenges , there can be potentially large domino
         | effects, however is hard for anyone to say how bad it can
         | become, or will we be lucky.
        
       | polskibus wrote:
       | original title is "Evergrande teeters on edge of default as $148
       | mln payment falls due". not exactly "defaults"
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Yes - submitted title was "Evergrande defaults" and we've
         | reverted it now.
         | 
         | " _Please use the original title, unless it is misleading or
         | linkbait; don 't editorialize._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | Worth noting it seems to have turned into a default in the
           | hours since Reuters posted that. The editorialized title and
           | actual title could come close to alignment if Reuters updates
           | it.
        
           | nwidynski wrote:
           | Just read this now, should've picked the DMSA link, but
           | couldn't edit once posted. Thanks for updating though.
        
           | draw_down wrote:
           | Assuming the original title is not editorialized seems a bit
           | facetious. But whatever, rules are rules!
        
         | chalst wrote:
         | If you don't make every payment in whole when it is due, and
         | you haven't managed to renegotiate with your creditors, then
         | you've defaulted. It doesn't mean that the debts are worthless,
         | but it does mean that their value is up in the air.
        
         | nwidynski wrote:
         | This post was in direct response to: http://dmsa-
         | agentur.de/download/20211110_DMSA_EVG_PM_en.pdf . I just
         | thought the reuters article contained more relevant
         | information.
        
           | asplake wrote:
           | Edit: that link seems to justify the title but it doesn't fit
           | the main article.
           | 
           | Seriously misleading title though. A default is a well-
           | defined event. "Defaults" implies that it has happened.
           | "Teetering" is something else. Needs fixing.
        
             | ad8e wrote:
             | > Exactly what time the grace period expires on Wednesday
             | is unclear, but the two sources with knowledge of the
             | matter said some bondholders had not been paid by the end
             | of the Asian business day.
             | 
             | It's ambiguous, but the title is a fair conclusion.
        
               | AlexCoventry wrote:
               | Wednesday finished about three hours ago, in China, FWIW.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nwidynski wrote:
             | "Evergrande officially defaulted - DMSA is preparing
             | bankruptcy proceedings against Evergrande Group", see:
             | http://dmsa-agentur.de/download/20211110_DMSA_EVG_PM_en.pdf
             | . Will fix the title though if more people view it as
             | misleading.
        
             | aplummer wrote:
             | It did default though, the title of the Reuters article is
             | playing it too safe. The contents of the first paragraph
             | describe the default.
        
           | klipklop wrote:
           | >Evergrande, the world's most indebted corporation, could
           | ultimately lead to a "Great Reset", i.e. the final meltdown
           | of the global financial system
           | 
           | Bonus points for that PDF using the phrase "great reset."
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | This PDF is predicting "the final meltdown of the global
           | financial system" in the first paragraph. I don't want to be
           | a negative nancy, but it reads a lot like "all vaccinated
           | people will fall over dead by end of the year" to me.
        
           | makerofspoons wrote:
           | AP is reporting the default is official:
           | https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/business-
           | china-...
        
             | yorwba wrote:
             | > Press release content from PR Newswire. The AP news staff
             | was not involved in its creation.
        
       | qnsi wrote:
       | This is not even frontpage of ft, bloomberg etc. Bloomberg Europe
       | TV station talks about Johnson & Johnson factory problems in
       | China but not Evergrande.
       | 
       | My reading from above pieces of information:
       | 
       | it's not that important yet. Maybe they will pay late again as
       | they did previously when they were late one day.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | For what it's worth, the Economist has been showing this in
         | their daily "5 most important stories today" section of the app
         | for the past month or two. Comes up at least once a week.
         | 
         | Maybe the typical Economist readership cares more about this. I
         | for one did not quite grok the importance or the implications,
         | but it's been interesting to hear about.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | "The leak from that dam has been going on for years, and only
         | the one crazy guy keeps making noise about it. We'll just enjoy
         | our home under it by the stream until it becomes important"
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | Its actually been on DW (german) news for a while. They spent
         | an hour discussing it last week. It was in my feed often enough
         | that I figured I should take a look after the 4th or 5th
         | story..
         | 
         | But your right, it hasn't hit major media in any form.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5Qi4oB1W_8
        
         | nwidynski wrote:
         | Well this time they already were inside a 30-day grace period
         | which as of 3 hours ago they missed aswell, hence the default.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | It's unclear if they paid or not, even last time the
           | creditors received the Money the day after the 30 days had
           | passed.
           | 
           | It seems they didn't but we won't know until tomorrow or so.
        
             | raesene9 wrote:
             | One organization who states that they are a creditor has
             | published a letter stating that they've not been paid
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/dhthakur745/status/1458499174026997760?
             | s...
        
         | mpalczewski wrote:
         | The news doesn't decide what to run based on importance but
         | rather based on salience.
         | 
         | As someone that is financially versed, even I have trouble
         | grasping the why this is a big deal. Complicated things don't
         | get run.
         | 
         | Whereas J&J factory problems, that sounds like a covid thing
         | and it's easy to see why that might be important.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | People are concerned about this because of 2 reasons: (1) to
           | see what the PRC does to contain the risk (it looks like they
           | have contained the majority of the risk and forced the
           | executives to pay from their own wealth [smart signaling])
           | (2) Broader narrative of concern around contagion effects
           | from a Chinese real estate collapse and from a global media
           | perspective its a great FUD similar to wall street financial
           | collapse in the aughts on the surface but once you look
           | deeper not similar at all. Theres always interest to see if a
           | house of cards is about to fall. Also this sells newspaper /
           | clickthrough ad dollars.
           | 
           | It's important to watch but the ripple effects on this look
           | to be small and likely to be contained in China.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nikanj wrote:
       | Isn't $148 million like four meme NFTs? Why would a large company
       | be teetering on the edge for such a small amount of money?
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | "large company" doesn't imply solvency
        
         | Yuioup wrote:
         | This is interest payment.
        
         | thirtyseven wrote:
         | Because they don't have it
        
         | nwidynski wrote:
         | The payment on the debt was due today, and as of 3 hours ago
         | that timeframe has passed, which is why the default got
         | announced by the DMSA.
        
         | weego wrote:
         | Because they actually are in debt to the tune of $300bn but
         | they've managed to keep playing so they stay afloat. This would
         | be the moment the music stops.
        
         | ndesaulniers wrote:
         | Because they have multiple different bonds outstanding with
         | differing maturity dates...failure to pay back one is
         | indicative that there may be successive failures after this
         | one.
        
         | bluecalm wrote:
         | They need to pay that in USD not USDT. One of those can be
         | printed at will by your NFT wash trading buddies. The other is
         | not so easy to get ahold of.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | From other articles the issue is that they can't even pay a
         | "meme NFT" ...
         | 
         | If they can't pay that, what can they pay on their 300B in
         | other debts?
         | 
         | Other news sources indicate they don't have money coming in,
         | possibly NONE, the real estate market in China is getting
         | cold... and they have unfinished projects that they already
         | collected money on that require money to complete.
        
       | pezzana wrote:
       | > Shares of developer Fantasia Holdings (1777.HK) plunged 50% on
       | Wednesday after it said there was no guarantee it would be able
       | to meet its other financial obligations following a missed
       | payment of $205.7 million due on Oct. 4.
       | 
       | Watch the US bond market closely. Today saw a sharp selloff on
       | the 10-year maturity, a favorite "asset" of foreign governments
       | and companies. When those organizations get into trouble, they
       | sell treasuries to raise cash. "Trouble" often comes in the form
       | of dollar-denominated debt which must be serviced in dollars.
       | 
       | As the dollar rises, borrowers of dollar-denominated debt must
       | raise _more_ local currency to buy the dollars to service their
       | loans. That puts further upward pressure on the dollar,
       | distressing foreign usd-debtholders even more. It 's called a
       | "short squeeze":
       | 
       | https://www.lynalden.com/global-dollar-short-squeeze/
       | 
       | The entire world (including the US federal government) has taken
       | a short position on the US dollar by assuming obligations
       | requiring them to pay later in dollars. Ask any Ape on
       | WallStreetBets what happens to shorts during a short squeeze, and
       | you'll get the same answer: they get rekt.
       | 
       | The dollar spiked past a key technical level today.
       | 
       | https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=DXY
       | 
       | In 2020, a similar dynamic took hold, with stocks, bonds, and
       | gold falling in price as the dollar surged. We may not be there
       | yet, but the scramble for dollars in China (and possibly all of
       | Asia) is just starting.
        
         | yaacov wrote:
         | Are you predicting large scale deflation? That's the opposite
         | of what we're seeing now, but if it happens the fed can fix it
         | by just printing money.
        
           | jen729w wrote:
           | I'm far from an expert, but can the US Fed really print
           | _more_ money? Didn't I hear that something like 30% of the
           | USD in circulation today didn't exist at the start of 2020?
           | 
           | It has to stop somewhere. Doesn't it? (Genuine question!)
        
             | rossdavidh wrote:
             | Well, it doesn't _have_ to, ask Zimbabweans. But there are
             | real reasons they would not want to print forever.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | QE and printing are different though
        
             | yaacov wrote:
             | The limiting factor is inflation!
             | 
             | If we get massive deflation from a "dollar short squeeze"
             | (which I don't actually think is likely but it's what OP
             | was suggesting) that means we need _more_ inflation, which
             | printing money would produce.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | This is just treating a symptom, and not the underlying
               | cause(whatever that may be).
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | Printing money doesn't necessarily create inflation if it
               | doesn't go into circulation.
               | 
               | My understanding is that "printing money" with a jobs
               | program would be more effective at stimulating spending
               | that, say, "printing money" with cheap interest rates
               | (which might just mostly ultimately go into people's bank
               | accounts as they sell assets to people borrowing the
               | cheap money).
        
             | polyomino wrote:
             | Technically it doesn't stop, but they are optimizing a
             | complex system, and want to mitigate negative effects on
             | their measures.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Is your theory that the US government will run out of dollars?
         | How do you imagine that will happen - a paper shortage?
        
           | version_five wrote:
           | The entire value of the currency is based on supply and
           | demand, whether the gp is correct in their prediction,
           | increased demand relative to supply is the defining mechanism
           | of how a currency's value would increase.
        
           | throwaway09223 wrote:
           | Paper money makes up only about 10% of the total money
           | supply. The vast majority of USD is just represented by data
           | in a ledger.
        
             | guiriduro wrote:
             | Which is an order of magnitude easier to come by, proving
             | OP's point.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | Digits overflow would be a more appropriate concern
        
           | zhdc1 wrote:
           | I think the OP is saying that you can have a situation where
           | the short term demand for dollars outstrips the supply
           | available at that given time (think in terms of hours or
           | days). This could lead to a sharp but short increase in the
           | value of the dollar, since there's only a limited, albeit
           | extremely large, amount available on the market at any given
           | time.
        
             | hangonhn wrote:
             | The bank needing the currency asks the central bank for the
             | extra currency and it's simply a number in a "database"
             | somewhere. It can be done rather quickly.
        
           | codyb wrote:
           | The system isn't that simple?
           | 
           | The US Government sells treasuries and bonds to raise
           | dollars. These have to be approved by congress, which is why
           | every so often you'll hear about government shutdowns,
           | because, yes, if for whatever reason, the US Congress doesn't
           | pass a debt ceiling lift, the US Treasury will not have
           | enough money to run things anymore.
           | 
           | Then there's the Federal Reserve, which loans dollars to
           | banks to create liquidity and velocity in the monetary system
           | depending on certain conditions (Primarily inflation and
           | unemployment I believe).
           | 
           | (Presumably there's a fair amount more to it than that as
           | well).
        
             | scoopertrooper wrote:
             | The real fun begins when the fed starts buying treasuries.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | I take the post as the US dollar becoming more scarce but not
           | running out.
           | 
           | If OP is right I don't see the federal reserve acting to bail
           | out China.
           | 
           | They might happen to do QE for another reason but not to help
           | out other countries with their problems.
        
             | pishpash wrote:
             | As the bank of the world's reserve currency the Fed is
             | _always_ implicitly running a world bank. The transmission
             | mechanism is for foreign currency to depreciate against USD
             | which causes US domestic financial conditions to tighten,
             | and the Fed would then have to loosen.
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | > The dollar spiked past a key technical level today.
         | 
         | I don't know much about "technical" forex trading, but I can
         | say that USD/CNY didn't really change today, neither did
         | USD/CAD, or USD/GBP. Everything is around where it's been over
         | the past few weeks. Are you saying the real exchange rates will
         | significantly change soon?
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | Short term USD/CNY is clamped by Chinese government currency
           | purchases.
           | 
           | People will only notice when China decides its FX is running
           | low
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | The US can keep issuing dollars for as long as they like. And
         | you will buy these pieces of paper because they are backed by
         | the US Military, the US Air Force and the US Navy.
        
           | darawk wrote:
           | They can keep issuing them. They will not have the same
           | value, though.
        
             | whatever1 wrote:
             | No this rule does not apply in the US.
             | 
             | The US has printed 20% of all dollars ever existed since
             | 2020. Check the exchange rates with any other currency,
             | EUR, British sterling, Chinese RMB. Did it become cheaper?
             | Of course not.
             | 
             | We will always buy USD, because it has as a collateral
             | 8billion lives.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | We buy USD because its long term existence is practically
               | guaranteed by the power of its military.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | The world buys dollars because it needs them to fulfill
               | oil and other commodity contracts, that are priced in
               | dollars, which are then typically reinvested in US
               | Treasuries by commodity exporters (because why not?).
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/petrodollars.asp
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-05-30/the-
               | untol...
               | 
               | If a country wanted to not buy dollars, here's how that
               | would go.
               | 
               | No Dollars: "Hi, we'd like some oil."
               | 
               | Oil Producer: "Great, here's how much that contract is in
               | dollars."
               | 
               | No Dollars: "How much would it be in my local currency?"
               | 
               | Oil Producer: "Well, you see, we don't really quote in
               | other currencies..."
               | 
               | No Dollars: "Fine, I'll find someone who will."
               | 
               | Middle Person: "I heard you're looking to buy oil with
               | Pentali Marcograms?"
               | 
               | No Dollars: "Sure am, what price will you give me?"
               | 
               | Middle Person: "10% over the exchange rate between
               | Pentali Marcograms and US dollars. You know oil producers
               | trade in dollars, right?"
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > 10% over the exchange rate between Pentali Marcograms
               | and US dollars. You know oil producers trade in dollars,
               | right?"
               | 
               | You are off by _three_ orders of magnitude, which is
               | pretty amazing.
               | 
               | Forex markets have incredibly tight spreads measured in
               | pips, say 1-4 pips, where 1 pip = 0.0001.
               | 
               | The reason why dollars are important is that people
               | _store_ the results of their oil sales in USD assets.
               | What a good is purchased with means nothing. Where you
               | store the proceeds of the sale is what counts.
               | 
               | This goes to that oh-so-tired phrase 'petrodollar', which
               | many autodidacts misuse to signal a lack of understanding
               | of both forex markets and oil economics. What
               | "petrodollars" means is the dollar _holdings_ that oil
               | exporting states maintain. It does not refer to the
               | currency oil is purchased in. It comes from _eurodollar_
               | , which signifies dollar holdings in Europe, and _not_
               | the purchasing of European goods with dollars.
               | 
               | Once we get that definition right, we understand it as a
               | synecdoche for US hegemony in reserve currencies -- e.g.
               | where foreign central banks _store_ their wealth. The
               | actual currency oil is priced in - or _anything_ is
               | priced in - means nothing. What is the point of saving a
               | pip in the forex markets if you are going to be losing
               | .1% in bid /ask spreads when you try to store your wealth
               | in an illiquid bond market? No one -- absolutely _no one_
               | - optimizes for reducing forex costs when deciding in
               | which nation to park their wealth. They are much more
               | concerned with questions like  "Is it legal for me to
               | purchase these bonds? will my wealth be confiscated in
               | the future? What kind of fees do I pay when I buy these
               | bonds?"
               | 
               | The _reason_ the world wants to store their wealth as
               | dollar assets is because the US has a reputation for
               | openness to foreign investment, rule of law, political
               | stability, upholding foreign investor rights, and
               | amazingly deep capital markets that can absorb large
               | foreign inflows _with very low spreads_. So the bid /ask
               | spread when trying purchase a few billion worth of U.S.
               | bonds is much more important to explaining US financial
               | hegemony than bid/ask spreads in the amazingly efficient
               | forex markets.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | No comment on the content of the lynalden.com post (haven't
         | read the entire thing yet), but for the love of pete, blog
         | writers, please make sure you put a date on your posts.
         | Especially when you're discussing something that involves
         | current events.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | I think she might just have forgotten to date this one? Most
           | other articles back to 2020 seem to have publish dates.
           | Either way this one seems to be from April 2020.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | It does seem to be a trend in less-than-professional blogs.
             | 
             | Although I'd assume, maybe it helps with traffic?
             | Presumably people would be more interested in reading a
             | previous financial post, if they didn't know it was 2 years
             | old.
        
         | riggins wrote:
         | Name 1 example of a currency crisis where the debtor nation had
         | debt denominated in their own currency.
         | 
         | I'll save you the time. There are no examples.
         | 
         | Every currency crisis has debt denominated in a foreign
         | currency. - Germany in the 1930 (WW1 reparations were gold
         | marks) - Argetina (foreign borrow and currency peg to USD). -
         | Thailand. - Turkey (now, borrowed in Euro).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_reparations "Germany agreed
         | to pay reparations of 132 billion gold marks"
         | 
         | https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/asian-financial...
         | "Heavy foreign borrowing, "
         | 
         | https://economics.rabobank.com/publications/2013/august/the-...
         | "Argentina's hard currency peg to the US Dollar, pro-cyclical
         | fiscal policies and extensive foreign borrowing"
         | 
         | If you're going claim a coming currency crisis, test that
         | assumption against the historical record at your earliest
         | convenience.
        
           | beambot wrote:
           | GP agrees with you: They're saying the currency crisis
           | starting in Asia is USD-denominated (the international bonds
           | in particular), which is creating a positive feedback loop
           | when USD-RMB exchange rates spike. They're saying you might
           | see this manifest as big movements in bond redemptions or
           | sales as people scramble to secure USD.
        
             | riggins wrote:
             | I assume you mean OP?
             | 
             | > The entire world (including the US federal government)
             | has taken a short position on the US dollar
             | 
             | I read this as a prediction of some type of crisis.
             | 
             | Anyway, wrt the US Federal Government, having government
             | debt is not that same as having a short position. For one,
             | the US Fed govt's revenue (i.e. tax collection) is
             | denominated in the same USD as the debt. So if USD goes up,
             | tax collection go up.
        
         | HFguy wrote:
         | Rates went up because of the release of the inflation data. It
         | wasn't anything to do with what you are mentioning.
         | 
         | Also, while the dynamic you describe is real (1) the mechanics
         | are not similar to an equity short squeeze , not a good analogy
         | and (2) unlikely this type of pressure comes from China. They
         | need to hold/buy treasuries to manage their currency (ie keep
         | it weak). If they don't, their export competitiveness suffers
         | which is last thing that gov will allow. They have other ways
         | of managing the situation.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | the fed are clowns. inflation data should have been priced in
           | as anybody worth their salt (or indeed anybody doing any kind
           | of shopping, which is everyone) knew that inflation would
           | print above expectations, especially fed's. today's reaction
           | was... panic of uninformed volume?
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | The Fed never said they weren't expecting inflation: they
             | said they expected any inflation to be transitory (e.g. to
             | return to expected levels by the end of 2022/23).
             | 
             | So, we'll see.
        
               | anm89 wrote:
               | I would say that is still not a very credible claim.
        
             | HFguy wrote:
             | It wasn't priced in or the market would not have moved.
             | 
             | "everyone knew that Inflation would be above expectations"
             | you should think about this more.
             | 
             | Regardless, why does any of this make the feds clowns?
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | And yet, a 1.56% yield for ten years (below its 18 month high)
         | while inflation just hit 5.4%[0] doesn't _feel_ like a big
         | selloff.
         | 
         | [0] or 6.2 or whatever depending on what version you use.
        
       | thereddaikon wrote:
       | There has been talk for years about China's wild construction
       | programs, creating entire cities that nobody lives in. It was
       | obviously unsustainable. Could it be finally falling apart?
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | China builds housing in advance of demand. In the United
         | States, we fail to build housing even in the face of demand.
         | 
         | There's pros and cons to either system, but so far, the demand
         | has largely arrived. The ghost cities of 2010 are now bustling
         | metropolises. The ghost cities of 2020... Are on track to
         | become bustling metropolises.
         | 
         | China has added ~500 million people to its cities over the past
         | 50 years. 'Build in anticipation of demand' seems like a
         | sensible approach to this sort of thing.
        
           | thereddaikon wrote:
           | As long as you can make sure they don't rot before people
           | move in. There are pros and cons to both approaches and I
           | have personally seen the downsides to not building enough
           | housing. We also allow far too much speculation on
           | residential real estate in the US for my liking. People's
           | livelihoods shouldn't be traded commodities.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | You need speculation to send price signals to the housing
             | producers. Speculation without any building is the problem.
             | 
             | Speculators blocking new building is also a problem.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | The follow up reporting (not widely circulated in the West) on
         | this was that many of those cities have since been filled up
         | and inhabited.
         | 
         | https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Society/China-s-largest-gh...
         | 
         | Wade Shepard, author of Ghost Cities of China:
         | 
         | > Today, China's so-called ghost cities that were so
         | prevalently showcased in 2013 and 2014 (...) have filled up to
         | the point of being functioning, normal cities
         | 
         | I would be really, really skeptical of post-2012 reporting on
         | China. I understand why people are increasingly anti-China (the
         | Uyghur stuff is disgusting) but you really don't get close to a
         | neutral perspective from most of the Western media.
        
           | thereddaikon wrote:
           | Neither do you get one from China itself. Its hard to tell
           | what is really going on when everyone has an agenda to warp
           | reality.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Totally. I found actually visiting China to be informative.
        
             | smilekzs wrote:
             | FWIW, the quoted article is from Japan.
        
               | thereddaikon wrote:
               | Oh yeah, I wasn't commenting on that article directly.
               | Just adding that any discussion about matters on the
               | ground in China will always get warped because every
               | information broker has a strong incentive to push their
               | agenda. CCP will always want to make things seem rosy and
               | perfect. Western Media wants to make it seem bad because
               | drama sells.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | It's not (just) that "drama sells", but that the US
               | constantly need a Great Satan to justify massive military
               | spending and force projection. The USSR is gone and its
               | replacement is only dangerous to its immediate
               | neighbours, so it doesn't really work for that role.
               | China, on the other hand, has (not that) quiet ambitions
               | of global dominance, so it works well. It doesn't help
               | that the Chinese are fond of making clearly-illiberal
               | moves every other day.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | How much exposure does the Western world have to this? My guess
       | would be "not much". It'll sting some emerging market investors,
       | but I don't think you'll see a massive knock-on here.
        
         | LurkingPenguin wrote:
         | > It'll sting some emerging market investors, but I don't think
         | you'll see a massive knock-on here.
         | 
         | China has basically been the single biggest driver of global
         | growth over the past decade. Its highly overleveraged real
         | estate market is a huge threat to its overall economy, and that
         | has plenty of potential to create a massive knock-on.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-economy-global-kemp-colum...
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > China has basically been the single biggest driver of
           | global growth over the past decade. Its highly overleveraged
           | real estate market is a huge threat to its overall economy,
           | and that has plenty of potential to create a massive knock-
           | on.
           | 
           | I think what Western observers are missing is that this was
           | an intentional "let fail" in order to prevent this structural
           | weakness from becoming too big of a problem.
           | 
           | China is basically euthanizing this industry because they
           | perceive it as a structural weakness.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | Leverage in the US is very high too. I'm thinking the next
           | crisis will in the end be known as the Leverage Crisis,
           | because it's leverage that will take what was already going
           | to be a big financial crisis into financial catastrophe. It
           | really wouldn't take much to tip us over right now because
           | the ever-rising stock prices are encouraging everyone and
           | their duck to leverage to the max, further pushing up
           | prices... it's not a good cycle.
        
         | bsanr2 wrote:
         | A lot of people seem intent on letting us know that this is the
         | case, at least.
        
           | WhisperingShiba wrote:
           | The economy is held up by belief, and while I'm sure there
           | are some good intentioned people telling us this, there are
           | certainly some people who are using this as an opportunity to
           | change financial positions.
        
             | bsanr2 wrote:
             | It's important to point out that DMSA's release alledges
             | that media has been trading on rumors that Evergrande had
             | made the earlier missed debt payments before the grace
             | period ended, when in fact it it had not. Several
             | commentators over the past few weeks have pointed out that
             | all of the media reports saying that the payments had been
             | made were circuitously cited; no one had heard from a
             | creditor directly. Now we have.
             | 
             | So now one has to wonder why essentially every major
             | journalistic entity involved in the financial space would
             | bet their reputation on hearsay, for something with such
             | limited effects; especially when it would only buy a few
             | weeks, at most, of this false belief.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/evergrande-
               | official...
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | a) All owned by the billionaire set, directly or
               | indirectly
               | 
               | b) Their reputations are already unimportant in important
               | circles; see a)
               | 
               | c) A few weeks is enough time to comfortably check even a
               | complex portfolio and exit positions with exposure
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | I'm personally looking forward to see if tether comes out of
         | this with a hole in their books, due to common suspicion they
         | hold a ton of Chinese commercial paper.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | Even if they do, does it matter? Everyone already seems to be
           | ok with Tether lying about the backing of USDT. I don't
           | expect USDT holders to decide to sell based on loss of value
           | in the assets backing USDT. Especially when Tether is so
           | opaque that's it's hard to know what the real impact might
           | be.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | in a game of musical chairs everybody is having fun while
             | the music is playing.
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | My guess is the opposite :) Chinese bonds have nice high yields
         | and there's a _load_ of money from western companies looking
         | for yield.
         | 
         | Until recently they were considered (by most people) to be a
         | relatively safe bet, so why wouldn't there be a load of money
         | in there...
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I think it's more like exposure of Chinese companies from
         | international investors. It's going to be very tough to get fx
         | credit lines for those construction companies from now on.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | Hasn't Ray Dalio been advocating investing in China for a
         | couple of years now? His thesis is that the US is a world power
         | on the decline and China will soon rise to take its place. I
         | wonder how that worked out for him and his fund?
        
           | ulber wrote:
           | >His thesis is that the US is a world power on the decline
           | and China will soon rise to take its place.
           | 
           | Something I've found interesting about these kinds of theses
           | (although I'm sure there's more to his) is that just
           | believing that a company/country/whatever is going to be
           | successful doesn't make it a good investment. It's all about
           | the pricing of the asset and ultimately, for assets priced by
           | a market mechanism, about what other people think. So a
           | thesis for investing more in China could be "US is in decline
           | and China will take its place faster/more fully than the
           | market thinks."
           | 
           | Of course even if you don't have any special knowledge about
           | China's future, the default position should still be to
           | invest a part of your portfolio according to it's market
           | weight, which in the FTSE All-World Index [1] is 3.9%
           | currently.
           | 
           | [1]: https://research.ftserussell.com/Analytics/Factsheets/Ho
           | me/D...
        
           | klodolph wrote:
           | Bridgewater suffered massive losses and laid off a ton of
           | staff a year or two ago. The losses were something like $12
           | billion in 2020. If you are hiring in the northeast, you've
           | probably run into ex-Bridgewater employees.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | In the long run China has a lot of power here. This might be
           | a correction in how they set up their economy but I don't
           | think anyone doubts that China is an economic superpower.
           | 
           | The thing is investing in China a foreigner is a complete
           | dice roll where you have no real power and no visibility into
           | what you are investing in.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _I don 't think anyone doubts that China is an economic
             | superpower_
             | 
             | They are, but the foundation is rickety. Xi is a dictator.
             | That increases the odds of catastrophic failure. Were an
             | economic collapse to become protracted, it's not hard to
             | imagine separatist movements and competing power sectors
             | turning to violence as a political tool.
        
               | puranjay wrote:
               | > Xi is a dictator.
               | 
               | Countries that have never known democracy, or received
               | democracy without ever truly fighting for it, don't
               | really care much whether you're a dictator or not a
               | dictator- that's all that they've known.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Countries that have never known democracy, or received
               | democracy without ever truly fighting for it, don 't
               | really care much whether you're a dictator or not a
               | dictator- that's all that they've known_
               | 
               | I'm not blaming anyone for the government model. Just
               | staying that it comes with known risks, and one of those
               | is economic depressions and power transitions becoming
               | violent. The stakes are too high.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | People have been talking about the "rickety foundation"
               | of China for decades. I'm sure when they have an economic
               | downturn sometime in the next two decades, those people
               | will all come out to crow about how they had been right
               | all along.
               | 
               | To me, they seem to be building on top of a more modern
               | infrastructure base and do not have the super-prevalent
               | NIMBY problems that exist in the West.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | > To me, they seem to be building on top of a more modern
               | infrastructure base and do not have the super-prevalent
               | NIMBY problems that exist in the West.
               | 
               | How new the roads and houses are doesn't seem like the
               | most relevant factor for future economic growth.
               | 
               | The US built modern infra for the time, then it
               | stagnated.
               | 
               | Japan built modern infra for the time, then it stagnated.
               | 
               | The US and Japan otherwise took very divergent economic
               | growth paths.
               | 
               | China could go either way, but the increasing central
               | control is hardly without risk for future economic
               | development. Miss a few big bets and you have less of a
               | backup plan than a less-organized economy.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _People have been talking about the "rickety
               | foundation" of China for decades_
               | 
               | Economically, sure. (Those always struck me as sour
               | grapes or a fundamental misunderstanding of how debt
               | works in a centrally-planned economy.)
               | 
               | Politically, however, the CCP had intraparty competition
               | that avoided the sort of rot that felled the Soviets. It
               | also kept the Party thinking long term. Hong Kong and
               | Taiwan are good examples of Xi's impatience. Absent
               | intervention, Hong Kong would have uncontroversially
               | folded into China in 2047. The combination of China's
               | military and economic prowess, then, could have
               | encouraged peaceful unification with Taiwan. But Xi was
               | impatient. He wanted it in his lifetime. So he rushed
               | Hong Kong and screwed up not only Taiwan, but relations
               | with all his neighbors, from the Philippines to India.
               | 
               | Dictators like to style themselves as monarchs. But
               | monarchy has a continuity that dictatorships don't. That
               | makes them more impatient and more unstable, particularly
               | at the transfer of power.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Agreed - the fundamental political structure is flawed.
               | However we don't know how long it will take for that
               | structure to break or change. Currently Xi is making some
               | moves (with the historical resolution) to retain power
               | indefinitely.
               | 
               | There are also economic problems in China that Evergrande
               | has brought to the attention - the wild speculation in
               | real estate that is concerning for the party to maintain
               | control. As well with the tech crackdown recently. In
               | broad brushes it points to some problems over there
               | (manageable probably - but risks for control of the
               | party).
        
         | mym1990 wrote:
         | My guess is that nobody really knows. How could someone(or even
         | a group of trained experts) possibly know the full extent and
         | the dominoes that might fall elsewhere in a situation as
         | complex as this?
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | The CCP are in a similar position to the west: if they let one
         | mega corp fail, others might, if others might maybe you need to
         | re-evaluate your investments in all of China?
         | 
         | Here in the west we've just extended indefinite credit (13
         | years and counting). So it's a bit of a pivotal moment for the
         | CCP imho. It might turn out they're more committed to markets
         | than we are :)
        
       | Kye wrote:
       | Some good explanatory threads I saved when the Evergrande news
       | first broke a couple of months ago:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/SahilBloom/status/1439920043404546050
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/FabiusMercurius/status/14392189567791513...
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/INArteCarloDoss/status/14389444317349191...
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Any top 10 billionaire could write them a check for the amount
       | owed without even breaking a sweat and thus stave off of billions
       | of dollars of systemic damage. It goes to show how bailouts,
       | despite being maligned by the public, do work.
        
         | OnlineGladiator wrote:
         | They have reoccurring interest and sometimes principal payments
         | well into the future - overall their debt is over $300 billion.
         | So no, it's not a drop in the bucket for any one person.
         | 
         | https://www.ft.com/content/e0a447f9-b4c2-45dc-bfc8-755b284d1...
         | 
         | As to how you've jumped from "rich individuals don't want to
         | pay corporate debts" to "government bailouts clearly work" I
         | have no idea.
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | It's like saying you can pay off someone's mortgage to keep
         | them house by paying off their $1,000 mortgage bill for the
         | month.
         | 
         | That's not the end of their debt obligations, just the first
         | one to come due that they're not able to pay. There are many
         | more debt obligations behind this one, so paying off _this_
         | obligation just kicks the can a few days down the road.
         | 
         | To pay off _all_ the debt obligations, would likely be billions
         | of dollars.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | They owe 300 billion. So no they couldn't.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | This is doable by a large govt. $300 billion is 1/10 of covid
           | aid and related stimulus. The point is that small, strategic
           | payments can stave off much greater systemic damage, which is
           | what a bailout does.
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | It is hard for any government even not democratically
             | elected ones like CCP to be able to spend $300B tax payer
             | money to bail out creditors of a single private company.
             | 
             | Evergrande is hardly unique or even the largest real estate
             | company in China. There are a lot of large companies in
             | serious debt trouble there now, it will cost the government
             | lot more than $300B to bail out the sector.
        
             | throwuxiytayq wrote:
             | So what you're saying is, if you had $300 bln, this is what
             | you'd spend it on?
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | Yeah or you know, the Chinese government.
        
         | throwuxiytayq wrote:
         | Oh yeah, I'm sure they'd bounce right back after that.
        
         | phyalow wrote:
         | Problem is, in the context of their disastorous (and likely
         | fraudulent) balance sheet, they really need billions of dollars
         | more. It really isnt about $148m, this is just the tip of the
         | iceberg - its just an incremental interest obligation, with a
         | wall of debt lurking behind it. So while they may get another
         | month or two leniancy from the markets if they pay this, it
         | still doesnt resolve the near inevitability of default.
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | This can't be good for SoftBank/Masayoshi Son right after they
       | just had to report a large loss (unless this risk was embedded in
       | that report)
        
       | BogdanPetre wrote:
       | Now we will know which US and European banks are exposed and how
       | big..
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | DebtDeflation wrote:
       | Speaking of misleading headlines:
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/business/evergrande-bond-...
       | 
       | https://archive.md/cPsjv
       | 
       | "China Evergrande meets a Wednesday payment deadline for two of
       | its bonds."
       | 
       | On multiple levels, too.
       | 
       | "It was not immediately clear whether it had made payment on the
       | third bond, which matures in 2024, or if all of the investors in
       | the other two bonds had received payment."
       | 
       | So basically they MIGHT have made payments on 2 of the 3 bonds.
       | How is this being treated as anything other than a default? Is
       | the financial press just afraid of upsetting China here?
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > Is the financial press just afraid of upsetting China here?
         | 
         | BlackRock is the biggest foreign owner of Evergrande bonds.
         | 
         | Next there are Vanguard, and a few other equally big Western
         | funds.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/blackrock-hsbc-amon...
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | Where does the article say that?
           | 
           | It says: "BlackRock, HSBC among largest buyers of Evergrande
           | debt"
           | 
           | Those are relatively recent purchases and they were tiny re
           | BlackRock -
           | 
           | "BlackRock added 31.3 million notes of Evergrande's debt
           | between January and August 2021, pushing its stake in the
           | company to 1% of the assets in its $1.7 billion Asian High
           | Yield Bond Fund, according to Morningstar."
           | 
           | 1% of $1.7 billion, or $17 million.
           | 
           | That's equal to 1/100th of 1% of BlackRock's assets. And
           | they've got $9+ trillion under management.
           | 
           | BlackRock has taken a hit on their equity in Evergrande,
           | which is already largely toast:
           | 
           | "The data also shows that BlackRock, the world's largest
           | asset manager, has suffered a $95.3m book loss on its
           | Evergrande holding, which at the start of the year stood at
           | just over $111m."
           | 
           | https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/blackrock-vanguard-
           | shareho...
           | 
           | The Financial Times in late September estimated BlackRock's
           | total exposure to Evergrande at $400 million. At their scale
           | they can take a $250-$400 million loss and shrug it off.
           | Evergrande represents a several hundred billion dollar
           | problem for China domestically, and that's before you get to
           | the cascade risk for their property market (which represents
           | 65-70% of all household assets in China).
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | Is it important, or the fact that a megafund like BlackRock
             | makes completely hopeless C rated bonds from a very shady
             | market 1% of their fund?
             | 
             | 1% of a BlackRock fund is a megaton of money.
             | 
             | Remember, LTCM went down after a few percent sell-off
             | turning into an avalanche.
             | 
             | And yes, this below is very appropriate.
             | 
             | https://blackrockloveschina.com/
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Is blackrock leveraged 100x on evergrande bonds?
        
               | curuinor wrote:
               | 1.7 billion fund to blackrock is nothing to them, shove
               | like 5-10 peeps to it, tops
               | 
               | also the vast majority of blackrock's holdings are
               | unleveraged equity
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | If anything, the quotes you cite make it seem like the
         | misleading slant of the headline is the speculation about
         | possible default based entirely on an unknown. Two out of three
         | bonds being paid is normal, and the third being unknown is not
         | evidence of much.
         | 
         | Furthermore, it seems to me that saying a company has defaulted
         | is a pretty serious statement that would constitute libel if
         | not appropriately checked. And so even with a few unofficial
         | reports of bond holders not getting paid, it would be
         | irresponsible to prematurely declare a default.
         | 
         | The facts that have been reported certainly don't look good,
         | but it's also the press's modus operandi to sensationalize.
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | No they are not afraid of China. They are afraid of people
         | panicking in the US/EU.
        
         | DebtDeflation wrote:
         | Apologies for responding to my own post, but if you do a Google
         | news search for Evergrande the first link that pops up is:
         | 
         | https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/evergrande-met-todays-bond-...
         | 
         | The title on Google News is "Evergrande Met Today's Bond
         | Payment Deadline" but if you click to the article the headline
         | changes to "Evergrande met at least part of today's bond
         | payment deadline".
         | 
         | What is going on here?
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | AFAIK the challenge is that Evergrande and its bond holders
           | don't make public statements about the repayments, so it's
           | unclear whether they've been made or not.
           | 
           | However in this case it seems that a bondholder has
           | explicitly stated that they have not been paid by the
           | deadline https://twitter.com/dhthakur745/status/1458499174026
           | 997760?s...
           | 
           | Which means that, if true, Evergrande have now defaulted.
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | So, the usual defaulting mechanism does not work. (Size of
             | investment gives claim percentage, bank loans are fulfilled
             | first).
             | 
             | Instead, its a quite bizarr negotiation process- local
             | investors first, then citizens (to prevent a riot) - then
             | if anything is left, the international investors.
             | 
             | If that is the full approach, then a massive retreat of
             | investment out of china is to be expected.
        
               | Arnt wrote:
               | That only happens after default, and default happens when
               | a loan can't be repaid. Evergrande wasn't bankrupt
               | yesterday, so the bankruptcy rules don't apply today.
               | They may tomorrow, for the loans that weren't repaid
               | today (or in the past).
        
               | DebtDeflation wrote:
               | Yeah, people seem to forget that "default" is a technical
               | legal term meaning failure to fulfill a contractual
               | obligation, in this case failure to make an interest
               | payment on a bond by a specified date. If they didn't
               | make the payment today, then they are in default.
               | Bankruptcy is a more nebulous term and can refer to the
               | filing, the court proceeding, or the final judgement.
               | Being in default is a matter of fact and is not dependent
               | on any of that.
        
               | raesene9 wrote:
               | The "interesting" piece with this default is whether it
               | triggers further cross-defaults.
               | 
               | A couple of articles I read suggested that if Evergrande
               | defaults on one bond it can trigger instant defaults on
               | others.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Caching.
        
             | Dma54rhs wrote:
             | Or A/B title testing that is so very common nowadays.
        
           | stelliosk wrote:
           | Depends if you're a half glass empty or half glass full
           | person, whether 2 out of 3 payments is good or bad.
        
             | mekster wrote:
             | It doesn't look good.
             | 
             | > This means that if a single one of these bonds defaults,
             | all 23 outstanding bonds automatically have 'default'
             | status
             | 
             | https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/business-
             | china-...
        
         | chunghuaming wrote:
         | Some investors have not received Evergrande unit's bond
         | interest due Nov 6, say sources
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/some-evergrande-units-offsh...
         | 
         | Evergrande bondholders say they have not received $148m
         | interest payments
         | https://www.ft.com/content/88dcb535-3945-4138-b394-dda82292b...
         | 
         | Basically, selective default by Evergrande. Full official
         | default likely very soon, and for most of the Chinese real
         | estate companies.
         | 
         | Jia Su Jia Su Jia Su  Geng Kuai Kan Dao Jie Ju
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | _> Full official default likely very soon, and for most of
           | the Chinese real estate companies._
           | 
           | Will this be the Chinese version of Japan's real-estate crash
           | of the '90s...?
        
             | netcan wrote:
             | Too soon to say. Policy plays a big roles here and chinese
             | policy debates are mysterious. It's possible they _want_ to
             | crash the real estate market, and reverse out of the
             | appreciating real estate setup. Trade off between middle
             | class wealth accumulation and housing affordability.
             | 
             | They're currently reversing out of the college cram school
             | thing. There's some sort of similarity here.
        
           | shoto_io wrote:
           | What are the implications of this?
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | China will choose internal stability over external
             | connections. Internal investors (party officials, chineses
             | companies and private investors will receive partial
             | reparations for their lost investments - or goods (flats
             | etc.)
             | 
             | International Investors like BlackRock will take a massive
             | bath.
        
             | chunghuaming wrote:
             | GDP decline of 2-5%, recession: Chinese real estate is 70%
             | of household wealth, and 30% of GDP. Likely these #s are
             | worse, since the government obfuscates data. Home sales is
             | already down 30% y/y.
             | 
             | Pressure on tech and other industries in China: Xi Jing
             | Ping will officially be a dictator, come party congress
             | 2022. Tech and real estate are industries owned by the
             | oligarchs of Shanghai faction, which is against Xi Jing
             | Ping.
             | 
             | Even more societal lockdowns: In the last few months, there
             | were silencing of a #metoo incident, scrubbing of a famous
             | actress from internet, removing discussions of evergrande
             | bankruptcy, and disappearing/reapperance of alibaba's ceo.
             | Look for more of these.
             | 
             | No war attempt on Taiwan in the near future: between real
             | estate collapse, economic decline, coal shortage, food
             | shortage, inflation, huge debts, and covid waves/lockdowns,
             | CCP won't have any appetite.
             | 
             | Suicidal war attempt on Taiwan: CCP may get desperate when
             | riots broke out, or need a victory to focus its citizen's
             | outrage elsewhere. Then they'll face the combined forces of
             | western countries, and will have to suffer through economic
             | sanctions.
        
         | fny wrote:
         | I actually think NYT updated this headline too: I swear it said
         | the opposite earlier today, but I can't find it on newdiffs.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | csours wrote:
         | To some extent, markets follow Looney Tunes logic - if you
         | don't look down you aren't falling yet.
        
       | diveanon wrote:
       | Who could have ever predicted this?
       | 
       | Glad I've been building a solid crypto portfolio, looking forward
       | to cashing in the last few years gains to buy some houses on the
       | cheap again after the economy implodes.
        
         | tobltobs wrote:
         | Last time the economy imploded (March 2020) BTC also fall
         | apart.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | hmmm what is bitcoin doing on this news?
         | 
         | it's evident crypto is not a hedge against uncertainty or bad
         | news, but rather is highly correlated with the stock market and
         | overall US economy.
        
           | diveanon wrote:
           | Btc hit a new ath today along with eth...
        
         | l33tbro wrote:
         | You do realize crypto is part of the same speculative bubble?
         | 
         | And before the strawmen start piling up - that doesn't mean all
         | crypto is forever useless, but right now crypto it is
         | absolutely over-invested in relative to liquidity.
        
       | gremlinsinc wrote:
       | Here's to hoping for more big real estate investor defaults,
       | maybe housing prices in the USA will drop from oversea investors
       | offloading properties they can't afford the taxes on... (wishful
       | thinking).
        
         | noah_buddy wrote:
         | If property investment in China turns sour, where do you think
         | those investors will go? At least some will invest in property
         | in the US.
        
       | jjt-yn_t wrote:
       | I read that as "if you install the evergrande app, its defaults
       | would be..." or "if you use the new coding language or front end
       | to AWS, its defaults would be" at first. Til I saw the URL past
       | the headline...
        
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