[HN Gopher] Tech sector job interviews assess anxiety, not softw...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Tech sector job interviews assess anxiety, not software skills
       (2020)
        
       Author : PretzelFisch
       Score  : 189 points
       Date   : 2021-11-10 15:45 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.ncsu.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.ncsu.edu)
        
       | posharma wrote:
       | Another tech interview discussion :-). How many do we have these
       | in a month? Seriously, if you want to get into FAANG type
       | companies and want the kind of money/work they offer, there's
       | just no choice left other than leetcode. And it's not going to
       | change unless these FAANG companies change. So, until then let's
       | just get over it and get back to leetcode :-). Edit: I'm being
       | downvoted. But I can't help speaking the raw truth here.
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | Okay, now explain why this is happening outside FAANG too and
         | why we should accept it.
        
           | posharma wrote:
           | Unfortunately, other companies copy FAANG because FAANG are
           | the most successful companies. We don't have to accept it. We
           | just have to choose our battles. As I said, if you want the
           | kind of money/work these companies offer, there's just no
           | other choice these days.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | Also because "four years at FAANG -> CTO or Development
             | Lead (with a major hiring component) of a smallish funded
             | startup" is a really common path, and those folks often
             | bring along those interviewing processes. Startup founders
             | & salespeople love to be able to say "so-and-so came to us
             | from Google" when talking to e.g. potential investors or
             | major sales prospects, but often can't really afford _great
             | managers_ or well-seasoned developers from those places,
             | most of the time, so you see a lot of this  "this is my
             | fourth job ever, counting an internship, and I've never
             | held a position higher than Team Lead in which I still
             | mostly wrote code, and I've been in industry less than ten
             | years total, but half of that was at FAANG and one time I
             | presented at a minor conference and that's on Youtube, so
             | now I'm CTO of [25-employee startup]"
             | 
             | I think those places are screwing up, since they usually
             | can't match FAANG comp and anyone who is great at those
             | kinds of interviews will just go to FAANG instead, but
             | whatever.
        
         | michaelpb wrote:
         | The goal of research like this is to motivate exactly that
         | (changing the companies)
        
       | arenaninja wrote:
       | > [...] the technical interview process means that many job
       | candidates try to spend weeks or months training specifically for
       | the technical interview, rather than for the actual job they'd be
       | doing.
       | 
       | I could've told you all of this ;)
       | 
       | > [...] all of the women who took the public interview failed,
       | while all of the women who took the private interview passed
       | 
       | there's other underrepresented minorities that also underperform
       | in these interviews
       | 
       | Nothing will change for the foreseeable future
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | > Nothing will change for the foreseeable future
         | 
         | Makes me wonder if remote interviews will help or hinder this
         | situation.
        
           | WalterSear wrote:
           | I was recently diagnosed with trauma disorder by my
           | psychiatrist - due to long standing work-related issues, but
           | specifically in regards to my current rounds of remote
           | technical interviews.
           | 
           | So, at least IME, it's not helpful.
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | Hey just wanted to say I'm really sorry you're having to go
             | through that - its a cruel system. Don't be afraid to ask
             | for affordances like take-home tests - I've found for me
             | the biggest indicator of trouble is whether I think the
             | interviewer is hostile or helpful. Otherwise, trauma really
             | sucks to have to deal with, please take care of yourself
             | first and foremost.
        
             | joelbluminator wrote:
             | Wait seriously - you've been diagnosed with trauma from
             | interviews? Jeez what the hell happened in there - if it's
             | alright I'm asking?
        
               | taurath wrote:
               | In the same way that kids with pressure on their SATs or
               | college admissions or just generally "must do well"
               | develop severe anxiety and depression there's no reason a
               | panel of people testing you to determine your future
               | economic value couldn't be legitimately traumatic -
               | especially if you have a lot on the line either
               | physically or emotionally, and don't have much in the way
               | of security.
               | 
               | I've nearly passed out in whiteboard interviews. I've had
               | my BP spike to 150. I've nearly completely shut down.
               | This doesn't happen even most of the time - I've also run
               | multiple high profile launches for companies you know of
               | and I react to emergencies extremely cool and collected.
               | But I have a background that includes severe childhood
               | trauma. Just to help your imagination!
        
               | WalterSear wrote:
               | Yes :(
               | 
               | I'm just exceptionally sensitive to rejection and
               | evaluation, and over the years, the interview process has
               | become more traumatic for me, rather than less. Even
               | decent technical interviews (ie - complete the task 100%,
               | don't flub, don't blank out) can take me days to recover
               | from - my physical/emotional reaction is often very far
               | from where my rational mind perceives the situation. I
               | was once deeply distressed by an interview where I
               | ultimately received an job offer.
               | 
               | It's a common aspect of ADD (rejection sensitive
               | dysphoria), but it only really becomes a disruptive issue
               | for me during job searches. However, as I develop as a
               | coder, and apply for more senior positions, the gap
               | between my performance in interviews and my perception of
               | my abilities and value as a coder gets wider, and so does
               | my distress.
               | 
               | I've considered avoiding proctored and timed interviews
               | entirely, but the cost of this not small: the more in
               | demand a job opening is, the more motivated the hiring
               | personnel are to streamline the process and to be
               | comfortable with low-value methods to pick and choose
               | between candidates - they have so many more candidates to
               | eliminate. So, in the past, I feel I've taken jobs that I
               | did not feel entirely excited about and ended in toxic
               | work situations, that I was hesitant to leave, due to the
               | trauma involved in hiring.
               | 
               | I've probably disclosed more than is wise, given that I'm
               | actively looking for work right now, but I'm kind of
               | exhausted of hiding myself, and any hiring manager whose
               | snooping my HN account is sure to find even better
               | reasons not to hire me :)
        
               | joelbluminator wrote:
               | > I've probably disclosed more than is wise, given that
               | I'm actively looking for work right now, but I'm kind of
               | exhausted of hiding myself, and any hiring manager whose
               | snooping my HN account is sure to find even better
               | reasons not to hire me :)
               | 
               | Naa don't worry about it, that's very unlikely. And if
               | someone disqualifies you for what you wrote here I don't
               | think you wanna work for them anyway.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | I see myself in this - I ended up getting past a lot of
               | it. Mostly just required repeated success - which came
               | from hundreds and hundreds of hours of studying, dozens
               | of mock interviews, and hundreds of real interviews. I'm
               | better now but by no means the best. After all - where I
               | live (SFBA) - people live and breathe this stuff. A lot
               | of the time because they enjoy it... It indexes on very
               | certain personalities.
        
               | arenaninja wrote:
               | Not OP and I haven't been formally diagnosed with
               | anything, but I also ran into severe anxiety issues (with
               | no history of anxiety at all) after technical interviews.
               | It's bad enough that I can't watch TV shows with any
               | violence from overreaction
               | 
               | I underperform severely from trying to keep it together
               | during that time, and the perfect scenarios/answers
               | always come to me minutes after the interview is over!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | kodah wrote:
       | As someone who didn't go to school, I struggle with doing
       | algorithms and implementing data structures in front of someone.
       | Outside of timeboxed interviews I negotiate them fairly well, but
       | I'm almost always seeing something for the first time. Then
       | again, for as long as I've been in software it's always been
       | tailored for academics. This seems to be just fine and even
       | championed as a good thing.
       | 
       | My reaction is to plan my exit from the industry whenever this
       | job comes to an end. I'll end up going back to school in my
       | thirties, despite being qualified, because of self-imposed
       | constraints by this industry that have little if anything to do
       | with the tasks I'll be given or planning day to day.
        
         | vincentmarle wrote:
         | As a fellow college dropout who had the same insecurities and
         | actually went back to college in his thirties (part-time) to
         | study exactly this... all that knowledge still doesn't prepare
         | you for time-boxed stressful leet code interviews.
         | 
         | The people you are competing with study leet code for 3 months
         | and get really good at solving coding puzzles within 45
         | minutes. Study the basic data structures (nothing fancy needed
         | beyond binary trees) and solve leet code an hour a day for 3
         | months. That's all you need to do.
        
         | politician wrote:
         | That's a shame. Most software development jobs don't actually
         | require a degree and getting a degree is no guarantee that
         | you'll be able to solve the whiteboard questions.
        
         | irq wrote:
         | Or you can ignore employers who interview like that and keep
         | searching until you find one that doesn't. A lot of people do
         | this for the same reason you outlined.
        
           | annoyingnoob wrote:
           | I gave up on software interviews. _Everyone_ wants to follow
           | what FB and Google do to  'find the best people'. In my
           | experience, 'keep searching until you find one' is bad
           | advice.
           | 
           | Can't tell you how many companies I interviewed with that
           | simply take their entire process from others. We interview
           | like X, we group teams/squads like Y, we do our agile process
           | like Z. I don't want to work for your wannabe something else
           | organization, get a clue.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | I think this can't really be the reason for your going back to
         | school. A few weeks of drilling of common data structures and
         | algorithms would put you at parity with college grads. Could it
         | be you just don't like the industry and project that onto some
         | kind of academic bias or something? Nothing wrong with not
         | liking software development it is often awful.
        
           | taurath wrote:
           | As someone who's also self taught and currently going through
           | the drilling process... its pretty tough to actually pull in
           | and retain on an encyclopedic level all the information one
           | needs, especially on concepts used less frequently in any
           | sort of day to day - especially when in a timeboxed
           | environment with an interviewer watching and evaluating my
           | every move. Think also on the amount of people who are years
           | out of college who struggle with these problems, given that
           | they haven't actually used them in many years.
           | 
           | An example of an extremely common question: "Write a function
           | to check if a binary tree is a binary search tree."
           | 
           | Yes you can memorize an answer here, and the implementation
           | of a binary tree - I think most people just do that. Knowing
           | the inns and outs of a binary tree is probably useful if
           | you're writing a database, or a compression format. If
           | they're hiring someone with the capability to write a
           | database, or compression format, this question makes plenty
           | of sense. It also makes sense if your criteria for hiring is
           | "did they study and understand an algorithms course?". It
           | doesn't make much sense if they're looking for someone who
           | can do the actual job, in my opinion.
        
             | jedmeyers wrote:
             | > Yes you can memorize an answer here, and the
             | implementation of a binary tree - I think most people just
             | do that.
             | 
             | If you are talking about a self-balancing binary search
             | tree, then, yeah, most people will have to memorize the
             | implementation, as it would take much more than an hour to
             | implement correctly. But if you are talking about plan
             | binary trees, most good engineers will be able to write a
             | simple enough implementation for the interview in a couple
             | of minutes. And it won't be from memory, it will come from
             | _understanding_ of how the binary tree is structured. The
             | beauty here is that there is no need to memorize the
             | implementation, as it is much easier to remember the
             | definition of a tree and then write an implementation based
             | on that.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | > It doesn't make much sense if they're looking for someone
             | who can do the actual job, in my opinion.
             | 
             | FAANG (& similar) have more applicants who can do the job
             | than they have positions, so instead of checking for that
             | and calling it a day, they filter for some combination of
             | IQ and how bad you want it--willing to do a ton of
             | otherwise-low-value prep work & practice, and to go through
             | the painful interview process itself, likely several times
             | at different companies, even for successful candidates.
             | 
             | The reputation of their interviews also means they likely
             | don't get a ton of candidates who _can 't_ do the job. So
             | they could likely just start randomly selecting from their
             | candidate pool and do damn near as well as they do with all
             | the interview effort--except as soon as that become known,
             | they wouldn't be able to do that anymore. Plus they'd lose
             | the hazing factor, which likely helps build company in-
             | group identity. Having a lot of your employees feel like
             | they only have their job because the finally got "lucky" in
             | an interview may also help with retention, especially when
             | everyone else who pays as much interviews in similar ways.
             | 
             | In a sense, being a huge, unpleasant waste of time is _the
             | whole point_ of their interview processes.
        
               | siquick wrote:
               | This is the first time I've seen the reasoning behind the
               | interview process they use explained in a way that makes
               | sense. Thanks.
        
           | bb88 wrote:
           | > I think this can't really be the reason for your going back
           | to school.
           | 
           | What precisely makes you're more expert at the OP's
           | experience then the OP?
        
           | kodah wrote:
           | It is, I plan on going back to school to be an EE when that
           | times comes.
           | 
           | > A few weeks of drilling of common data structures and
           | algorithms would put you at parity with college grads.
           | 
           | I don't know where one gets this kind of idea. I also stated
           | fairly clearly that I have no trouble negotiating algorithms
           | and data structures, the problem is when they're timeboxed
           | and involve an interviewers participation.
           | 
           | I think my main objection is to even doing these kinds of
           | interviews. When, in the world, would one need to write out
           | binary search and would have only 30 minutes to do so?
           | Knowing the properties of different algorithms and data
           | structures is important, imo, but implementing them in a
           | timeboxed manner with abstract problems seems like an odd
           | activity to demonstrate qualification.
           | 
           | > Could it be you just don't like the industry and project
           | that onto some kind of academic bias or something?
           | 
           | Academic Bias may play less of a role than my perception
           | makes it out to be, but I'd at least say it's significant in
           | this industry. The way I think it gets in is subtle, catering
           | questions and problems that one might find in an academic
           | setting is one. My company also heavily hires interns, which
           | again facilitates an academic bias in hiring, but there is no
           | program for people who don't come from a prestigious
           | university. The lingo used usually points to an academic
           | background as well; I've learned "top talent" usually refers
           | to prestigious companies (that primarily hire from academia)
           | or prestigious universities.
        
             | bb88 wrote:
             | So maybe you'll read this and appreciate it I hope.
             | 
             | I started getting back into electronics in the last 5
             | years, and have been really enjoying it. I think EE is
             | maybe one of the hardest engineering fields, but can also
             | be the most rewarding I think when you do something cool.
             | 
             | It's also wide ranging from RF to Electrical Grid to VLSI.
             | 
             | So good luck. I wish you well.
        
             | gmadsen wrote:
             | an important thing to note, everything in the typical
             | interview programming assessment is covered in one DS/algo
             | class students usually take their sophomore year.
             | 
             | If interviewing is your only worry, just get a single
             | undergrad textbook on DS/algo. Interviews do not by any
             | stretch cover the full academic breadth of a cs degree.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | There are many employers (such as mine,) which do not use these
         | theoretical questions, and instead focus questions on prior
         | project work. That said, many of the high-prestige employers
         | (and their former employees) do use the tests you're talking
         | about, largely because they see themselves as exclusive. If
         | you're aiming for one of those prestige employers, you should
         | be aware that they're also exclusive about which schools they
         | recruit from.
        
         | jonfw wrote:
         | A degree to learn data structures and algorithms would be a
         | massive waste. I think I had 2 classes that focused on them
        
           | oriolid wrote:
           | I think the idea of the algorithm interview is to see if you
           | were awake in class while getting the degree and whether you
           | can think on your feet. For other classes it's more difficult
           | to come up with questions that aim for the same.
        
             | jolux wrote:
             | What algorithms courses are we even talking about? I
             | dropped out after sophomore year but I still took data
             | structures and algorithms, and a lot of the stuff I see
             | people mention getting quizzed on at Google (I saw convex
             | hulls in another thread on here) is 400-level, elective
             | courses in these topics. The last object we studied in DS&A
             | was graphs and graph algorithms, which I can handle just
             | fine.
        
           | raydev wrote:
           | But didn't you have classes where some subset popped up again
           | and again?
           | 
           | That's why I still encourage people to pursue a Bachelors
           | degree over bootcamp if they have minimal programming
           | experience prior to going to school. If I'd taken only the
           | "intro to ds" and only "intro to algos" courses to get my
           | degree I would've been poorly equipped to start my first job,
           | since that was the first time I'd seen those concepts.
        
         | lifeplusplus wrote:
         | My enter CS degree had one course on data structures and it
         | didn't make me expert at white boarding ... Doing 40 mock
         | interviews helped me
        
       | jstx1 wrote:
       | Personal anecdote - several months ago I got an interview at a
       | prestigious big tech company. I couldn't sleep properly for at
       | least a week before the interview and I failed. I also track my
       | bodyweight and I can see a spike up just after the interview and
       | then another one after I got rejected - I gained over 10kg
       | (22lbs) in the following weeks while before that I was
       | successfully losing weight for a while.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
         | As someone struggling to gain weight, alright!
        
           | jstx1 wrote:
           | It wasn't the kind of weight you want to be gaining.
        
         | yellow_lead wrote:
         | It's hard to not be nervous for these interviews especially
         | when coming from a non-FANG / huge tech company. The salary
         | difference and opportunity can very much change your life. I
         | don't have advice for this, but what you said resonates with
         | me.
        
         | joelbluminator wrote:
         | Are you anxious in general? Or do you have some issue with
         | tests? I hate algorithm interviews like the next guy but it
         | sounds like you have it worse than most.
        
           | jstx1 wrote:
           | In general I'm not anxious person at all, quite the opposite.
           | I found it very surprising myself. I actually prefer
           | algorithm interviews, and I had never really been anxious for
           | an interview before. This was also remote - I suspect that it
           | would have been easier in person (I know for a lot of people
           | it would be the opposite though).
        
         | ssully wrote:
         | I don't have it this bad, but I certainly have major anxiety
         | during interviews. I was interviewing for a position at my
         | current company and I blanked on what wget did. Literally a
         | utility I used frequently and I completely blanked on it. So I
         | bombed that interview, but I got a job with another group at
         | the same company. I still get secondhand embarrassment whenever
         | I think about it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Link to actual study: http://chrisparnin.me/pdf/stress_FSE_20.pdf
       | 
       | The study participants were split into two groups. One group
       | solved the problem alone, in silence. The other group was
       | instructed to _narrate their thought process out loud_ to an
       | interviewer who stood over their shoulder (literally, see the
       | photo on page 3) while they solved it.
       | 
       | The flaw in this study is that the two groups weren't really
       | assigned the same task. Solving a problem isn't the same as
       | verbally narrating your solution to a problem. The authors
       | attributed the differences not to the extra work narration work
       | assigned to the second group, but to anxiety levels.
       | 
       | The participants even explained that their difficulty came from
       | having to talk while solving:
       | 
       | > Participants also had difficulty with performing tasks that
       | involved multiple simultaneous actions. Participants felt
       | stressed by having to "talk while trying to write" (P44),
       | "talking while writing" (P25), and "think and talk and do code at
       | the same time" (P39). P41 found it difficult to "constantly speak
       | during solving" and "lost breath at a few places during the
       | task".
       | 
       | There are other concerns with the study format such as many of a
       | significant number of participants simply _giving up_ well before
       | the clock ran out, in both the private and public interview
       | groups. They were given 30 minutes to solve 3 problems, but some
       | of the participants (including in the private group) were giving
       | up around the 10 minute mark without solving anything at all.
       | This suggests a very high variance of the underlying abilities of
       | their candidates, which necessitates a much larger sample size to
       | draw conclusions.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | > The flaw in this study is that the two groups weren't really
         | assigned the same task.
         | 
         | The real flaw is that the title doesn't follow from the
         | research. "Tech sector job interviews assess anxiety, not
         | software skills." That's saying that you're really measuring
         | level of anxiety, not skill. So skill is irrelevant and you're
         | just measuring how anxious people are.
         | 
         | But the study didn't show that _at all_. It just showed that on
         | average, people perform better when they 're not anxious. Not
         | exactly a surprising result!
         | 
         | Of course people are going to be more anxious in an interview.
         | But if it affects everyone equally who cares? Just make your
         | questions easier.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | SomeCallMeTim wrote:
         | It sounds like the study points to the idea that "talk through
         | your reasoning" is a bad interview approach.
         | 
         | The last interview sequence I needed to do they put me in front
         | of an online IDE and said "go code." They also said I could use
         | my OWN IDE if I had it set up. One even said "you can finish it
         | later (post-interview) if you want."
         | 
         | The candidates giving up: Some nontrivial percentage of CS
         | students are just ... not capable developers. That's why we use
         | programming tests to begin with.
         | 
         | Programming tests may be the worst possible way to assess
         | candidates, but they also seem to be the _only_ way to assess
         | candidates that doesn 't involve paying them for a trial
         | period, which really only works for companies large enough to
         | be able to waste a lot of money. "Democracy is the worst form
         | of government, except for all the others."
        
           | ziggus wrote:
           | Having candidates talk through the solution to a non-trivial
           | programming problem is a critical tool for me. I need to find
           | developers that can not only code, but work as a part of a
           | team - something that requires significant communications
           | abilities.
           | 
           | I can't afford to hire developers that can't effectively
           | communicate complex ideas to other developers - something
           | they're often required to do on-the-fly.
        
             | cloverich wrote:
             | If you want a comparable experience, assign a difficult
             | task to one of your developers, then tell them: "I am going
             | to watch you solve this problem. Talk me through it as you
             | do so. I'll judge the result, if its not good enough I will
             | have to fire you on the spot. Also this is timed. Proceed."
        
             | saulpw wrote:
             | These are two different modes of operation. I can code when
             | in abstract problem-solving mode, and then _later_
             | communicate that complex idea using my verbal skills. I can
             | 't do both at the same time.
             | 
             | It's like asking someone to give an extemporaneous talk on
             | some subject, while translating each sentence into another
             | language _as they go_. Even native bilingual speakers would
             | have quite some trouble with this. They can generate
             | content, they can speak fluently, and they can translate on
             | the fly, but having to do all three  "live" involves too
             | much context switching. Maybe doable for simple or
             | rehearsed topics, but most coding interview questions are
             | non-trivial.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Maybe the existing process can be tweaked? Just give
             | candidates some time to themselves when they're not under
             | observation before they present.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | I worked in teams whole my life. Having to explain while I
             | am solving something non-trivial is rare to non existent
             | situation. If just don't happen.
             | 
             | Having to explain something non-trivial happens. But
             | literally always there are hours between solution and
             | explaining it. In pretty much any real situation, I have
             | quite a lot of time to think about how to explain.
        
           | chris11 wrote:
           | > It sounds like the study points to the idea that "talk
           | through your reasoning" is a bad interview approach.
           | 
           | That idea definitely makes sense to me. And I think some devs
           | do definitely underperform in interviews.
           | 
           | Though I'm not sure if there's great alternatives. As an
           | interviewer I feel that seeing someone work through a problem
           | and debug issues gives useful information. I don't know if
           | there's a better, less anxiety-producing way of testing those
           | things.
           | 
           | I do think take homes can be really useful, but those have
           | their own problems. Maybe leaving someone alone onsite to
           | complete the problem would be an option. But I think leaving
           | the discussion to the end would give less info about the
           | candidate's communication skills.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Just give them an initial five minutes or so to digest the
             | problem themselves before asking them to communicate. Or
             | even a few couple-minute long breaks throughout the
             | interview where they're not under the microscope. Or some
             | other way to lower artificial pressures.
             | 
             | This unwillingness to experiment with the existing
             | interview format, the intransigence to consider any
             | alternatives, is simply maddening.
        
           | mprovost wrote:
           | This is a great point about CS grads. Maybe in the past, you
           | could just take a degree at face value: "oh you graduated
           | from Stanford with an A average, you must know how to code,
           | here's a job". But nobody trusts any university to produce
           | capable developers, so you have to test everyone with crazy
           | interviews. So then what's the point of going to a top CS
           | school and why can they keep charging so much tuition?
        
             | jedmeyers wrote:
             | > why can they keep charging so much tuition
             | 
             | Because everyone keeps paying so much tuition. Why does
             | _everyone_ can afford to pay so much is another question
             | worth exploring.
        
             | nowherebeen wrote:
             | Because like it or not, people pay for branding. It's an
             | ego thing or a correlation thing (in the past).
        
               | gmadsen wrote:
               | I doubt there exists a 4.0 gpa standford cs grad that is
               | incapable of coding. It is more than just branding.
               | Standford is harder and you learn more skills that a run
               | of the mill state school.
               | 
               | MIT moreso, no one is skating under the radar at MIT
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | I can't imagine someone getting a 4.0 at a crappy state
               | school not being able to code without cheating.
        
           | arebop wrote:
           | Probationary hiring also doesn't work that well for many
           | candidates. Despite at-will employment, there's an
           | understanding about W2 white collar employment that gives new
           | hires the confidence to buy and sell houses, move across the
           | country or around the world, terminate talks with other
           | prospective employers and pause interviewing, etc. This is a
           | cultural thing that could change over time, but it would be a
           | significant change.
        
         | mrfusion wrote:
         | Does it matter if it's anxiety or not?
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | Yes. If it's anxiety you can do things known to reduce
           | anxiety. E.g. taking a beta blocker such as propranolol.
        
             | Mountain_Skies wrote:
             | Now we expect people to get drugged up just to attend a job
             | interview?
        
         | sharps_xp wrote:
         | > Participants also had difficulty with performing tasks that
         | involved multiple simultaneous actions. Participants felt
         | stressed by having to "talk while trying to write" (P44),
         | "talking while writing" (P25), and "think and talk and do code
         | at the same time" (P39). P41 found it difficult to "constantly
         | speak during solving" and "lost breath at a few places during
         | the task".
         | 
         | This is why I built myself a tool to practice talking and
         | narrating my thoughts! https://enumerable.co
        
         | kerblang wrote:
         | Am I reading this incorrectly or did literally all the female
         | candidates finish the test in private while none of them
         | finished in public?
         | 
         | (disclaimer: Am male but still cannot talk and hack at the same
         | time)
        
           | Manuel_D wrote:
           | Bear in mind there's a sample size of four women.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | There are 10 women. 4 in the private sample and 6 in the
             | public sample.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | Also the effect basically disappears if you take only male
           | candidates, so the study is a bit suspect. Men and women
           | typically aren't that different in studies.
        
             | kerblang wrote:
             | > Men and women typically aren't that different in studies.
             | 
             | That's an _extremely_ broad assumption
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | I have read a lot of psychological studies, the effect
               | size difference between men and women in the same study
               | is typically pretty small. But in this one the effect is
               | close to 0 for men and 100% for women, that is really
               | suspicious. I wouldn't trust results like these unless
               | they were replicated with more robust methods.
        
         | omarhaneef wrote:
         | That would be a flaw in the sense that anxiety may not be the
         | right word, but it does capture the parallel with white board
         | interviews and underscore the problem that you may be turning
         | away people who can perform the job well but not code while
         | explaining.
        
       | rsyring wrote:
       | Our process is very evidence based. We use skills tests that are
       | as close to real world as possible, given time limitations. We
       | can't remove all anxiety, but we make an effort to mitigate it
       | and limit its impact.
       | 
       | Details of our interview and assessment process is at the bottom
       | of each job listing: https://www.level12.io/careers/
        
         | WalterSear wrote:
         | > We use skills tests that are as close to real world as
         | possible, given time limitations.
         | 
         | If you are timing limiting candidates, your process is not
         | evidence based and I question how serious you are about making
         | efforts to mitigate or limit the effects of anxiety on
         | applicants.
        
           | rsyring wrote:
           | Why do you believe time constraints and evidence based
           | processes are antithetical?
           | 
           | You can't give someone an unlimited amount of time to take an
           | assessment and still expect to meaningfully be able to
           | compare results. One person does a good job in 1 hour another
           | person does a good job but it takes them 10 hours. Time
           | limitations are a fact of life. Interviewees are only willing
           | to give so much time to the application/hiring process and we
           | have similar constraints. The time constraints are reasonable
           | for the tasks given.
           | 
           | We are working to mitigate anxiety in our process, I don't
           | think we can ever completely eliminate it.
        
             | WalterSear wrote:
             | This confirms that you are part of the problem, and not
             | serious about mitigating anxiety.
             | 
             | Software development cycles are generally weeks in length
             | for a reason: real software does not involve problems that
             | can be done quickly in an hour.
             | 
             | You are using time limits to minimize your own work, not
             | improve your hiring process. A short, time-limited
             | technical problem is easy to evaluate. The candidate will
             | have correctly solved the problem in the time allowed, and
             | their code will be short and easy to examine for code style
             | and pattern. However, while the signals that this process
             | provides you will be clear and easy to compare between
             | candidates, ultimately you are searching under the street
             | lamp: the signals you receive are poorly correlated with
             | candidates' actual acumen and value.
             | 
             | IME, this is generally done in order to push as many
             | candidates through the pipeline as possible, in the
             | intention of failing many decent candidates in order to
             | avoid a 'bad hire'. However we have reams of evidence that
             | this cynical and destructive approach does not have the
             | outcome that people expect. It selects for people who are
             | good at technical interviews, and against people for
             | reasons other than their technical ability. It
             | disproportionately selects for people coming from places of
             | adversity.
        
               | rsyring wrote:
               | > This confirms that you are part of the problem, and not
               | serious about mitigating anxiety.
               | 
               | You should really stop making personal insinuations. Have
               | you actually done a significant amount of hiring? Can you
               | suggest a better process that works in our current hiring
               | context?
               | 
               | I don't disagree that the process we have developed is
               | not ideal. Feel free to post a few of the best
               | articles/resources you have from the "reams of evidence"
               | you mention. But, just demonstrating that the process has
               | problems isn't enough. Is anyone showing a better way
               | that a small company with limited resources can actually
               | execute on? Really, can you show us how to do it
               | differently in a way that fits the practical realities of
               | our current context?
               | 
               | The truth is, I'd absolutely love to work with someone
               | for a month or two before making a hiring decision. But
               | most good software developers already have a job. They
               | aren't going to spend a couple months working with you to
               | give it a shot. They also want a level of certainty that
               | there is a good fit in the organization before they leave
               | their current post.
               | 
               | And, on top of that, I already get flack b/c of how
               | involved our process is. Lots of candidates don't want to
               | put in that much time/effort. And with 10-20 places
               | willing to hire them, I would assume a lot don't even
               | take the time to apply. But I can't afford to have people
               | on our team who can't perform at the level we need. And I
               | hate firing people. So some kind of evaluation that fits
               | all these parameters is necessary. Otherwise, no one gets
               | hired and we eventually go out of business. Who does that
               | serve?
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Details of our interview and assessment process is at the
         | bottom of each job listing: https://www.level12.io/careers/
         | 
         | I clicked the first job listing and didn't find anything about
         | the interview or assessment.
         | 
         | They do have a weird note about the company's "Biblical
         | principles" though:
         | 
         | > Level 12 was founded on biblical principles and has
         | biblically informed Values.
         | 
         | Can you please write out your process here instead of making us
         | search for it on your website?
        
           | rsyring wrote:
           | Expand "Next Step - Ready to apply". And it's at the very
           | bottom. Yes, the UX is not ideal. The alternative is that the
           | entire post is really long and yet, people really want this
           | information.
           | 
           | Pasted verbatim without taking time to format:
           | 
           | The Rest of the Process
           | 
           | Our application process is outlined roughly below.
           | 
           | But, before you get there, we want to apologize in advance if
           | this process seems...imposing. We have put considerable
           | thought and refinement into each one of these steps in an
           | effort to make sure our hiring process is as well crafted as
           | our software. And just like software, hiring is a lot more
           | complex than it might seem on the surface. Our hiring process
           | is far from perfect (like our software), we are still
           | learning and tweaking, but we want to assure you that each of
           | these steps gives us crucial information regarding you and
           | your development abilities that is essential for helping us
           | to determine if this is a good match.
           | 
           | Consider this: our entire process is less than a week's worth
           | of effort to make sure that where you spend the next 1-5
           | years of your life is a good fit. Isn't that worth it? Keep
           | in mind that we have deliberately structured our process so
           | that the earlier stages require less effort. Our hope is that
           | if you make it to the later stages of our process, where the
           | time commitment increases, you will have had a chance to get
           | to know us a bit better so you can decide if the time
           | investment on your part is worth it. We care about your time
           | (and ours) and do our best not to waste it! Application Steps
           | Evaluate resume and initial email correspondence
           | Technical skills questionnaire         Skills evaluation:
           | 60-90 minute work simulation exercise         Zoom
           | interview(s): 45-90 minutes in one or two interviews to get
           | to know you & your technical abilities         Skills tests -
           | phase I: three real-world programming challenges, no trick
           | questions here (paid)         Skills tests - phase II:
           | project-based skills test: we give you a small project
           | description and you build the best app you can (paid)
           | Skills tests review interview: 2-3 hours on a Zoom meeting
           | with our dev leadership team to get to know you and review
           | your skills test results         Collaborative work day:
           | As close to a typical work day as we can get. We just want to
           | see what it's like to work with each other.             We'll
           | assign you work based on a previous real-world project we
           | performed This is a sample project, we're not using
           | candidates for free or cheap labor.             We will be
           | available via Slack or Zoom throughout the day to talk
           | through the work and assist you as needed.
           | 
           | If at any step we don't feel like it's a good match, we'll
           | let you know promptly. We ask that you do the same for us.
        
           | pyaccount wrote:
           | I am not religious but biblical principles and biblical
           | values could be an extremely good thing for an employer to
           | have.
        
           | alpaca128 wrote:
           | Perhaps we have to look it up in the Bible?
           | 
           |  _> We exist to serve our customers, our employees, our
           | partners, and our community in a way that brings them genuine
           | benefit, honors Jesus Christ, and advances the Kingdom of
           | God._
           | 
           | Well, that's not what I expected from a software development
           | website. And I can't speak for others, but this alone would
           | be a reason I wouldn't even apply.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | You see these sorts of companies sometimes, especially
             | outside the coasts. It's kinda like plumbers (or whatever)
             | with the ichthus symbol prominent in their logo. Sometimes
             | they even find a way to work it into the name.
        
               | rsyring wrote:
               | I absolutely found a way to work it into our name. :)
               | 
               | I don't hide my faith or the biblical foundations for my
               | worldview, as my posts here on HN will show.
               | 
               | But, I can say I've received way more discriminatory
               | remarks and hassle because I don't hide those views than
               | I've ever given out. I've also had people express a lot
               | of surprise at the fact that I'm in software and have
               | such a worldview. I don't want anyone to be surprised by
               | it so I let it be known. If people think it's
               | inappropriate or decide they don't want to work with us
               | because of it, I can't help their attitude. But I'm not
               | the one being biased.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > I absolutely found a way to work it into our name. :)
               | 
               | Yeah, thought the "12" might be a bit of that, but didn't
               | want to assume.
        
               | rsyring wrote:
               | It's even elaborated on at the bottom of:
               | https://www.level12.io/about/
        
               | logfromblammo wrote:
               | I'd wager cash that the "12" in "Level 12" is a reference
               | to apostleList.count() .
        
               | rsyring wrote:
               | How much cash? Feel free to send it my way. :)
               | 
               | See the bottom of: https://www.level12.io/about/
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Parent comment's reason is better, IMHO. Level12 isn't
               | really much more biblical than Water25.
               | 
               | Honestly I thought this is just another Level N
               | technology company.
        
               | shubb wrote:
               | I guess it depends if they are doing consultancy for
               | churches.
               | 
               | Church IT is supprisingly complex these days. Apparently
               | churches use all kinds of demographic and social media
               | data to identify and contact people who are crisis and
               | recruit them into their flock.
        
           | devoutsalsa wrote:
           | I assume it's doing what we all do... pushing the code,
           | praying it works, and hoping to avoid being crucified.
        
           | keithnz wrote:
           | yeah, I saw that, that whole thing would be illegal in this
           | country.
        
       | Mountain_Skies wrote:
       | Sooner or later someone is going to get sued. Too many of the
       | things tech companies are testing for are proxies for attributes
       | of protected classes. Tech companies give lots of lip service to
       | diversity but only certain kinds of diversity and certainly not
       | diversity that covers ALL protected classes. Some company is
       | going to get a large judgement against them at some point but I
       | doubt there will be any change before then. The amount of the
       | judgement, or any consent decree, will be minor compared to the
       | reputational hit these companies will get once it is found out
       | that their thin veneer of inclusion was only millimeters deep.
       | Since almost all of them are doing it, once one gets caught,
       | they'll all be in danger.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Sooner or later someone is going to get sued. Too many of the
         | things tech companies are testing for are proxies for
         | attributes of protected classes.
         | 
         | IANAL, but my understanding is that discriminating is allowed
         | if it's relevant for the job. Requiring programmers to deadlift
         | 150b (which probably discriminates against women) would run
         | afoul of anti-discrimination laws because it's not relevant to
         | the job, but requiring that from construction workers is
         | probably legal.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona_fide_occupational_qualifi...
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" For this study, researchers conducted technical interviews of
       | 48 computer science undergraduates and graduate students."_
       | 
       | Ah, the convenience sample problem.
        
         | tehjoker wrote:
         | For what it's worth, that sample would be semi-accurate for
         | people trying to get their first job, though not mid-late
         | career.
        
       | ragle wrote:
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23848039
        
       | me_im_counting wrote:
       | I never had test anxiety growing up and didn't really empathize
       | with why someone would (sympathized obviously). But solving a
       | problem in FRONT of someone as they are evaluating me (rather
       | than a normal collaboration) triggers a panic. The only thing
       | that helped reduce the panic is repeated drills, which take a lot
       | of time.
        
         | WalterSear wrote:
         | IMHO, you can't really drill for technical interviews. The
         | landscape is way too large for one to be fresh on whatever they
         | ask you to do.
        
           | wombat-man wrote:
           | learning some tips and tricks has made it all a lot less
           | spooky. I hate that it's like this but it is kind of about
           | that nowadays, for certain companies anyway. I guess they
           | assume you have unlimited time to study, so if know enough it
           | shouldn't be too hard. But if you are just walking in there
           | cold as an experienced applicant, you can end up having a
           | really bad time.
        
             | WalterSear wrote:
             | I have over a decade of programming experience. I've
             | completed almost 10% of Leetcode's problem set. I've done
             | dozens of technical interviews. I prep for days,
             | specifically for every interview, and they invariably go
             | about as bad as the first one.
        
               | wombat-man wrote:
               | I feel you man. I'd suggest Elements of Programming
               | Interviews in your preferred language. It does a really
               | good job in my opinion of walking you through a lot of
               | common tricks. I'm not really grinding through a lot of
               | problems but doing a problem wrong, and then reading a
               | well written explanation of the solution is a lot better
               | for me in terms of learning. The study guide picks a good
               | selection of problems for you to optimize for time. Some
               | of the mathy/low level problems are bullshit that nobody
               | would ever actually ask though. I felt like I got a good
               | run through of some of the data structures that I just
               | don't typically use in Java, and how they can be
               | extremely useful in a coding interview.
               | 
               | LC problems are not always well written and a lot of
               | times you just have to hope someone took the time to
               | write out a good solution. A lot of times they just paste
               | their code and expect you to get it.
        
               | joelbluminator wrote:
               | I can empathize. The only interviews where I think "huh,
               | this went reasonably well" are basically online tests.
               | Almost never when I interview in front of a person / live
               | screen and do white boarding. The bad news is my chances
               | of getting into FAANG are very slim. The good news there
               | are tons of companies who aren't FAANG.
        
               | WalterSear wrote:
               | The only interviews I have a reasonable chance of passing
               | are take home tests. I'm a good coder, not a performing
               | monkey.
        
               | joelbluminator wrote:
               | Take homes are probably the best way to test actual
               | coding abilities. I had a pretty good online coding test
               | done by Microsoft actually, it was 2 hours of building an
               | API; no trick questions, no big-o, just write a bunch of
               | code. It wasn't easy but it felt as if they're actually
               | testing what I do for a living. I passed it and it didn't
               | go to the follow up - which would have probably been a
               | shitty whiteboard interview but I'm not sure. Now that I
               | think about it maybe I should have gone to that interview
               | ...
        
           | cloverich wrote:
           | You can. I've worked at a few startups and participated in
           | interviews, witnessing the variety of questions asked. For
           | most companies its a limited pool of questions and well
           | trodden ground.
        
           | me_im_counting wrote:
           | It's not drilling on the technical side. It's drilling the
           | experience that produces anxiety (performing it to an
           | interviewer).
        
           | oneepic wrote:
           | I disagree because:
           | 
           | 1) you don't have to know everything, only the topics they
           | happen to ask. You are rolling the dice, but part of the time
           | you'll be lucky. Besides, after reviewing for a few months
           | (also did 4 yr degree in CS) I felt really strong in the algo
           | topics. That said, I started half of my recent Google
           | interviews thinking "how the fuck do I solve this? is this
           | where I fail?"
           | 
           | 2) Aside from the topics, you can absolutely drill the
           | process. Drill a basic flow like understand/clarify the
           | question, do examples, mention a brute-force, etc. when you
           | do LC problems.
        
             | SomeCallMeTim wrote:
             | And for 1)--a good interviewer won't actually mark you down
             | for not knowing some fact, or not being able to think of
             | some trick. I've passed interviews where I've just said,
             | "Hey, I don't know [that particular thing]. How should it
             | work?" or "I'd Google the exact algorithm for X; I'll
             | pretend I wrote that and call it here..." or similar.
             | 
             | Good interviewers want you to pass, and aren't just giving
             | you a test of arbitrary programming trivia.
        
               | WalterSear wrote:
               | Technical interviews are about culling the incoming
               | applicants on the assumption that passing many good hires
               | is preferable to letting one bad hire through. So, IME,
               | no matter how well intentioned an interviewer may be,
               | they aren't ultimately looking for a reason to pass you -
               | they are looking for any way to differentiate between
               | candidates.
               | 
               | Lip service is certainly paid to 'everyone has to look
               | things up', and doing a quick search won't necessarily
               | count against you, but, IME, the hesitation and doubt
               | that caused you to look things up will. With so little
               | material with which to evaluate a candidate, absolutely
               | everything that doesn't impress them is going to count
               | against you.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | > passing many good hires is preferable to letting one
               | bad hire through.
               | 
               | This is certainly Google's philosophy, but our industry
               | doesn't think with one mind on this.
               | 
               | And as for having so little material - to me this is a
               | sign of a badly designed interview. Almost everyone is
               | weak in one area or another. If your interview only
               | assesses candidates in one way (eg via a coding
               | challenge, or based on a single whiteboard problem) then
               | you are making a decision with insufficient signal.
               | Multifaceted interviews are good interviews.
               | 
               | Plenty of otherwise strong candidates are weak in at
               | least one section of any assessment. And plenty of bad
               | hires will still, for example, know trivia about data
               | structures even though they don't actually know how to
               | program. Making a hiring decision based on a single
               | metric leaves way too much to chance.
               | 
               | (Source: I've done over 400 technical interviews)
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Sure you can:
           | 
           | 1. HackerRank (or similar) challenges are pretty close to
           | what you'd find in a lot of technical interviews.
           | 
           | 2. Searching online for "<technology> interview questions"
           | for a few of the technologies that you're likely going to be
           | asked about. Make sure you have good answers for the
           | questions that pop up a lot. This helps a lot with
           | remembering Stuff You Should Know that kind of slipped your
           | mind (ie., angular digest cycle) because you maybe haven't
           | seen it in a bit.
           | 
           | 3. Write up a summary of your previous accomplishments and be
           | sure you can call them out on the spot.
           | 
           | A lot of what the interviewer is looking for is confidence.
           | And preparation begets confidence.
        
             | WalterSear wrote:
             | This is the conventional wisdom, and IME, it's minimally
             | effective. I've followed this practice for years. I've
             | completed almost 10% of leetcode's problem set.
             | 
             | Interviewers should be looking for competence, not
             | confidence.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Something to keep in mind is interviewers basically never
               | receive any kind of training, and even experienced
               | technical interviewers do it maybe once a week or so.
               | These people are doing their best to gauge technical
               | aptitude and culture fit from a one hour conversation.
               | 
               | It's not easy either. If I mess up once while giving
               | advice on a place where the candidate is stuck, I can
               | really confuse the candidate. Plus the time cost of
               | reviewing a person's resume to determine what questions
               | are appropriate for them. Lastly, I can't be expected to
               | know all the tech on someone's resume at a level that I
               | can gauge their capabilities, I use other means to
               | determine if what a COBOL person is telling me is
               | accurate.
               | 
               | So you have to kind of plan that interviewers take
               | shortcuts (like judging confidence) and take advantage of
               | that fact. If someone asks what are some benefits or
               | drawbacks to a tech stack you use, have at the ready a
               | good story about a shitty/hilarious/intersting experience
               | you had while developing it. The experience doesn't need
               | to be a 1-to-1 mapping either, it's a-okay to kind of
               | nudge a question towards an answer you prepared.
               | 
               | This is better advice than you're really appreciating. If
               | you feel like you are doing this, but still am having
               | trouble, it's likely that you need work in some other
               | non-obvious aspect of interviewing. I highly suggest
               | finding a coach or someone who can take you through mock
               | interviews and help you find out exactly what you can do
               | to improve your chances!
        
             | moufestaphio wrote:
             | Yeah I agree with this.
             | 
             | If you drill enough of the Coding questions, they all start
             | to run into similar buckets, and the way you approach them
             | improves too. Buy a whiteboard off amazon, solve them legit
             | out loud explaining what you're doing to yourself. You
             | _will_ get better.
             | 
             | The other stuff is great advice too, always try to have a
             | summary (in your mind or on paper) of recent projects etc.
             | 
             | And of course.. Doing interviews helps to :D
        
       | lacker wrote:
       | _For this study, researchers conducted technical interviews of 48
       | computer science undergraduates and graduate students._
       | 
       | So they weren't studying real interviews. They were studying fake
       | interviews as performed by a bunch of PhD students at NC State.
       | And it turns out those fake interviews weren't good at assessing
       | software skills.
       | 
       | This just doesn't seem like a meaningful study. Interviewing is a
       | skill; you can't just assume that a random PhD student is just as
       | good an interviewer as an experienced, professional software
       | engineer. Heck, many PhD students won't be able to pass a typical
       | tech interview themselves.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
         | > _They were studying fake interviews_
         | 
         | It's psychology research what did you expect.
        
       | weathawi wrote:
       | Therefore practice meditation :)
        
       | decebalus1 wrote:
       | Anecdotally, the best (by far) interview performances in my
       | career where when I didn't actually care about the outcome. I
       | guess fear is indeed the mind-killer, at least for me. That's why
       | the absolute best time to switch jobs in when you don't really
       | need to change jobs.
        
       | tharne wrote:
       | What's going on with "anxiety" lately? This went from something
       | you heard about here and there 20-30 years ago, to something that
       | everyone and their brother is feeling all the time.
       | 
       | What changed?
        
         | erellsworth wrote:
         | The fact that you didn't hear about it much 20-30 years ago
         | doesn't mean it wasn't just as common. Admitting to mental
         | health problems is much more socially acceptable today than it
         | was 30 years ago.
        
         | satellite2 wrote:
         | What's changed is basically an entire pan of medicine, the one
         | dedicated to sleep emerged. Also, we now have a much deeper
         | understanding of stress, or anxiety, its effect on sleep, on
         | hormones, on the reproductive system, on rational decision
         | making. We also have a better understanding of cortisol, the
         | role it plays in increasing inflammation and all the problems
         | associated with it. We also better understand how low level and
         | punctual source of stress can also be beneficial for
         | performances and focus, and how it is dose and duration
         | dependant. Basically, we don't simply discard emotions as
         | unrelated to the body anymore. We have a better and more
         | integrated view of body and the mind and all that entails.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | You're comparing, what, the booming 90s to now?
         | 
         | That said, I don't think anyone ever thought interviews were
         | anxiety free.
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | The pandemic has made most people a bit more aware, at least.
         | The distractions people enjoyed were suddenly taken away, for
         | at least over a year. That has heightened awareness, along with
         | the need for self care.
         | 
         | Even the idea of anxiety was extremely stigmatized, especially
         | in the workplace, and still is but is now less so. What you're
         | seeing is a growth of people talking about it as the stigma
         | lessens.
        
         | mikkelam wrote:
         | Honestly I think we just started paying more attention to the
         | subject. Anxiety is a completely natural survival mechanism:
         | "was that a tiger in those bushes!?". It keeps us alive.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | 5,000 years ago it kept us alive.
           | 
           | Now it just adds unnecessary stress and impedes our
           | functioning 99.8% of the time. We no longer live in a
           | situation where a tiger lurking in the bushes is likely, but
           | our brains haven't evolved to compensate for that.
        
             | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
             | I can't remember where I heard this but it makes sense --
             | People who don't have enough anxiety are at the morgue.
        
         | iab wrote:
         | Economic uncertainty in a fundamentally unfair economic system
         | on a planet that is literally degrading in front of our eyes,
         | if I was to hazard a guess
        
         | GDC7 wrote:
         | It's the internet.
         | 
         | The Internet is amazing!*
         | 
         | *As long as there is a ban on discussing people , once you
         | start discussing (and most importantly) advertising people on
         | the internet , it's over.
         | 
         | Endless comparison ensues and anxiety skyrockets for everybody.
         | 
         | Humans were never made to be aware of being 1 unit in an 8B
         | sample. The person sitting for an interview has high anxiety
         | because they know they can be replaced easily
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Things could be better (less concern about items lower on
         | Maslow's hierarchy allows one to worry about self-actualization
         | and other items at the top), and it could also be worse
         | (concern about the basic lower needs leads to anxiety). For
         | engineers who are missing out on the boom times caused by the
         | bubble, it might be a mix of both.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | Shitloads of adults were on anti-anxiety meds (and anti-
         | depressants, for that matter) 20 years ago. Plenty more self-
         | medicated for those symptoms with alcohol or illegal drugs. One
         | of the big shocks of my growing up was learning that, more or
         | less, "everyone and their brother" in fact relied on mood- &
         | perception-altering drugs, legal or otherwise, to get through
         | the day.
         | 
         | And they all still do (except that the weed and some of the
         | psychedelics may be legal now). It may just be zeitgeisty, now.
         | 
         | Then again, I'm not sure coverage of it is even greater now
         | than it was in past decades. Future Shock was published in,
         | what, the 70s? Or Affluenza? Bowling Alone's not new, though
         | that treats of more than just anxiety. Direct associations
         | between first The City and anxiety were so common they got
         | really tropey in the first part of the 20th century, and later
         | (starting in the 1940s and '50s) the suburban middle class and
         | their (alienating, unfulfilling, and sometimes nearly or
         | entirely useless, as in Graeber's _Bullshit Jobs_ , the core
         | observations of which were made by others all the way back at
         | the start of the modern postwar economy) office jobs got
         | similar treatment, which has continued ever since.
         | 
         | If there's a difference, I expect it's because people are using
         | anxiety to cover more states of mind than it used to. It does
         | seem to have become a blanket term for "mentally ill-at-ease,
         | but _maybe_ not full-on mentally ill " in some usage.
         | 
         | Or maybe it's just that Future Shock was right, in which case
         | we'd expect that kind of thing to get worse over time, until
         | something about the pace of change itself changes.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | Postwar America was huge into self-medication. You watch a
           | film like _Invasion of the Body Snatchers_ and characters are
           | casually popping pills and swigging scotch every other scene.
           | Before that, you had patent medicine shows and snake oil
           | remedies and puritanical types inventing Graham crackers and
           | corn flakes to promote temperance. The U.S. has always had a
           | self-medicating, consumerist approach to health, for whatever
           | reason.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | throwaway81523 wrote:
       | Disclaimer: I haven't read TFA yet (will look at it later). But
       | I've interviewed software people, detected anxiety sometimes, and
       | made a mental note to not hold it against them. They're not
       | interviewing for sales jobs, they are nerds, and it's fine for
       | nerds to be shy introverts, especially around strangers.
       | 
       | If you're interviewing someone like that, try to give them a
       | little breathing space, and maybe even tell them that you are
       | noticing the nervousness and that it is ok. If you're being
       | interviewed, I think it is ok to say you are a little bit
       | nervous, take a few deep breaths to calm yourself down, etc.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _Tech sector job interviews assess anxiety, not software skills:
       | study_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23848039 - July
       | 2020 (1141 comments)
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | But if you can't communicate and think while under a bit of
       | interview pressure, then you're not likely to be able to cope
       | long-term in a development job. I don't think the way most
       | companies interview is great. Particularly, I don't think
       | whiteboarding is a decent use of anyone's time in a face to face
       | meeting.
       | 
       | At the same time, if I ask you a question and your eyes roll into
       | the back of your head because you can't handle the pressure of
       | coming up with an answer at a time where the result of getting it
       | wrong is literally the status quo... then you probably aren't
       | going to be the person I want in the long-run anyway. I'm hiring
       | you to be an employee, not a cog.
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | > But if you can't communicate and think while under a bit of
         | interview pressure, then you're not likely to be able to cope
         | long-term in a development job.
         | 
         | This may sound logical and like common sense, but it is flat
         | out wrong. Pressure in interviews is not the same as pressure
         | in a job. I've been the one to fix something in 5 minutes
         | during a global outage with 10 people watching behind me, when
         | the previous solution would have taken hours. I've been the
         | lead on calls with 20 partner companies across 5 countries as
         | the largest spike of traffic per year hits us. I can handle
         | pressure.
         | 
         | I've also had panic attacks in interviews. I've shut down
         | completely. I've had my heart rate jump to 150. Not every time,
         | but enough for interviewing to be a really big problem for me.
         | 
         | Whats the difference? For me, it's the perception of conflict
         | or adversary. Some interviewers LOVE to put it out, like
         | they're some shining knight protecting their company from the
         | slithering fake programmers. They're looking for reasons for
         | you to fail. They're looking for whether you're a "cog", as you
         | use the word, and more often than not when looking for that you
         | find it. When I'm on a team who all has the same goal, I shine
         | plenty bright. I would ask that you reevaluate your biases.
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | It's not wrong in the slightest. There are multiple parts to
           | performing at a development job, but one of the parts that
           | you can least afford to screw up on is communication with
           | members of your team. If you can't communicate effectively
           | when nothing is actually at stake, then I would never trust
           | you to communicate effectively when everything is on fire. A
           | job interview is not an adversarial confrontation. It is an
           | assessment of what you've done and how you communicate your
           | ideas.
           | 
           | You having an adversarial perception of a normal question and
           | answer session says far more about you than it does the
           | interviewer.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | It sounds like you've had the good fortune of never running
             | afoul of a harsh interviewer. I don't believe I've had
             | either, but certainly stories abound. And I've definitely
             | encountered interviewers who were checked out and seemed
             | rudely unfocused on the interview.
             | 
             | While interviews might not be inherently adversarial, they
             | are at least inherently confrontational, there is a power
             | asymmetry. One is being evaluated. The fail state of
             | rejection is present and the other party is willing to use
             | it against you if you fail their expectations. Whereas at
             | most companies with non-toxic cultures, your coworkers do
             | not consider doing that to you. As such, interviews are
             | always inherently different social environments from day to
             | day work.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | No, I've had the life experience of being a professional
               | recruiter as well as a developer.
               | 
               | There's no inherent power asymmetry in interviews outside
               | of your own employer. They have a job to offer. You want
               | the job they're offering. They either offer you the job
               | or don't, you either accept the offer or don't. You are
               | determining whether the employer is a fit for YOU and
               | what YOU want out of your career just as much as they are
               | deciding whether you are a fit for them. It takes two to
               | agree. At the end of the day, you owe each other nothing
               | but the courtesy one would normally have for someone you
               | are about to spend an hour or more with. On either side
               | of the desk, I interview for jobs much better than most
               | because I always keep that in mind. Most people claim to
               | understand that on a conceptual level but they don't
               | actually process it.
               | 
               | As the interviewer, I'm mostly interested in gauging the
               | talent level of the individual and their interest in the
               | problem domain that we are trying to solve for. As the
               | interviewee, I understand that the worst anyone can do to
               | me is waste my time because either our values don't
               | align, the project isn't interesting, my skills aren't a
               | fit, or there are simply better candidates out there.
               | These are all okay.
               | 
               | When I took my first job after being the sole developer
               | at a company for a decade, it was going to be the first
               | time I worked with a team of devs. The first time I
               | worked with a version control system in a professional
               | setting. The first time when I was not going to be the
               | main point of contact for any flaws or failure in the
               | system. The first time that I wasn't going to be the main
               | designer of the system's components or front end. The
               | first time I would ever work with Angular. I told them
               | all of this.
               | 
               | Know what got me the job?
               | 
               | I could tell you every technical detail about everything
               | I had ever done, but also fully admit where I was
               | lacking. I left no grey area and offered to elaborate
               | where necessary. Either I did something and was confident
               | that I could reproduce it (or explain the business /
               | design decisions behind it), or I had no on-the-job
               | experience but expressed confidence that (a) I could
               | learn, and (b) that I was enthusiastic about learning
               | about the problem domain. And I got along with everybody
               | I talked to because my aim was to be a part of a team and
               | not some weird data processing oracle.
               | 
               | Managers want a combination of talent, technical
               | expertise, interest, and team fit. This shit isn't rocket
               | science. You are totally within your rights to cancel an
               | interview if someone tries to make you be a whiteboard
               | monkey and regurgitate data structures that you will
               | either never use or have widely-used open source
               | libraries that are available, or if the interviewer is
               | disrespectful to you, or if they aren't respectful of
               | your time.
               | 
               | As a matter of fact, I recommend it. But at the end of
               | the day, if they don't hire you, you've lost nothing of
               | value but the time it took to interview.
        
         | bradneuberg wrote:
         | Anecdotally, I'm very comfortable with public speaking and
         | presenting complex ideas, code, and architectures to a room of
         | colleagues. I've given conference keynotes to 1000s with no
         | problems. However, high pressure technical whiteboards still
         | cause my brain to freeze. So I think they are different parts
         | of the brain, and doing well or not on a high pressure
         | whiteboard doesn't correlate with how well that employee will
         | do convincing and presenting complex ideas to coworkers (it's
         | definitely not true in my own case, I know thats N=1, but its
         | something).
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | I think I already addressed the whiteboarding issue. I don't
           | find it to be useful in any setting other than a VERY high
           | level discussion about architecture.
        
             | lanstin wrote:
             | Yeah, put the things on the white-board that you will need
             | to be reminded over the next several months while you
             | execute the details of the design.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | I disagree about this. I have a whiteboard at home just
               | for programming work because it helps me think. When I
               | find a problem difficult, I find it much easier to
               | problem solve away from the computer. And I often prefer
               | a whiteboard to paper for some reason.
        
         | _robbywashere wrote:
         | It's interesting to me that this type of comment always shows
         | up with like minded articles and studies. It's always along the
         | lines of "YOU CANT HANDLE THE PRESSURE"
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Everyone's talking like they deserve the job and it's just
           | the format that's causing anxiety, but in reality upwards of
           | 90% of applicants don't measure up.
        
             | josephg wrote:
             | In their defence, anxiety does cause some applicants to
             | fail. But the vast majority of applicants who apply to any
             | technical role can't really program. It's obvious in these
             | comment threads that lots of folks have never sat on the
             | other side of an interview room.
             | 
             | Performance anxiety is real though. One mark of a good
             | interviewer is how well they can get a candidate to relax
             | and perform at their best. I've done over 400 interviews
             | and I still worry I don't quite have that skill down.
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | Because it's true. Job interviews aren't remotely as anxiety-
           | inducing as a manager who wants to know why the widget you
           | worked on blew up in production. If you can't answer basic
           | questions about your background and experience, then you're
           | not the sort of person I want to work with. I hire technical
           | people with the expectation that they will one day either be
           | able to fill my chair or exceed my abilities. If you're
           | hiring a person who you would never want to work for, then
           | you are hiring the wrong people. I guess the one caveat would
           | be to hire someone directly out of school, since they would
           | be less likely to have experienced that sort of direct
           | pressure... but I expect an experienced employee to be able
           | to answer questions with some sort of confidence.
        
             | joelbluminator wrote:
             | In real life you'll ask them why there's a bug on
             | production - and he'll tell you wait 5 minutes I'm
             | checking/reproducing the issue. It's very rare that you'll
             | have to get an answer immediately - this isn't emergency
             | medicine. We're only programmers.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | In real life there's still going to be pressure to come
               | up with an answer regardless of how long that takes and
               | how distasteful it might be. What I don't need is for
               | someone who is completely risk and pressure-averse to
               | have a meltdown because they feel that the answer to the
               | question I ask is going to be unsatisfactory. I want to
               | know what the correct assessment of the situation is so
               | that I can make an informed decision going forward, not
               | some glossed over bullshit that turns into a bigger
               | problem down the road. People like that are their own
               | worst enemies.
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | This comment is the personification of the mindset that
             | makes interviews a hostile situation. You are not only
             | extremely biased against some of the best coders I've ever
             | worked with but actively harming the hiring process for
             | your employer if you are involved at all.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | It isn't my fault that you have prejudged the person on
               | the other side of the desk as hostile. That's on you.
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | Job pressure and interview pressure have almost nothing to
             | do with each other besides that both phrases end in "
             | pressure".
             | 
             | You don't understand the problem, and are doubling down on
             | the solution. Sadly common.
        
             | lanstin wrote:
             | I like to work with people that take a day and get the best
             | solution, not the people that get an ok solution right
             | away. To understand the essence of what is needed rather
             | than the brute force answer. I also find a lot of people
             | can function at that level when the environment is
             | structured to reward deep thought and to help people calm
             | themselves to the point they can think.
        
           | acheron wrote:
           | It's just hazing. "I had to do it, so you do too!"
           | 
           | Fortunately not every company is like that. I'd suggest
           | finding the good ones.
        
             | fsloth wrote:
             | "It's just hazing."
             | 
             | I think you've found the core idea.
             | 
             | Some profession include situations with actual stress and
             | mortal danger. Doing good programming should be more like
             | solving high school math problems in solitude than a high
             | pressure social interaction.
             | 
             | Or: if your development environment has high stress
             | interaction get a consultant to settle the issue, you
             | likely have multiple issues that need to be dealt with.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Yeah, no shit. Today's "tech" firms are actually
       | advertising/marketing firms. The ideal candidate, therefore,
       | resembles the ideal marketroid: extraverted, outgoing, and super
       | confident, with a "can-do" attitude toward everything.
       | 
       | I've actually been passed over fot jobs because I wasn't
       | confident enough. Well, stick me in a room full of MIT Ph.D.s who
       | ask me to solve hard AI-related problems and what do you expect?
       | Do you want to hire a programmer or Gilderoy fucking Lockhart?
        
         | annoyingnoob wrote:
         | Its Bertram fucking Gilfoyle they want.
        
         | bigyellow wrote:
         | Can confirm: will easily pass over candidates that lack self-
         | esteem and confidence, even if they possess strong technical
         | backgrounds. Nobody cares that you can program in C, they just
         | want to know if you're going to be a dick to work with and
         | whether you're actually going to get shit done.
        
           | buitreVirtual wrote:
           | Interview anxiety does not mean lack of confidence or ability
           | to get things done. It is an issue more related to social
           | settings for many people who are otherwise enormously
           | productive and smart. The point is that this interview style
           | definitely misses lots of qualified individuals while it can
           | also accept talkative people with outsized egos, which is
           | also a problem down the road.
        
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