[HN Gopher] Blind people won the right to break eBook DRM, but t...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Blind people won the right to break eBook DRM, but they'll have to
       do it again
        
       Author : pabs3
       Score  : 287 points
       Date   : 2021-11-08 08:09 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wired.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wired.com)
        
       | bserge wrote:
       | Legally, I guess. Because thankfully, it's not hard to create PDF
       | copies of any ebook even in 2021.
        
       | helloworld11 wrote:
       | Fuck having to ask for the "right". If they bought their digital
       | books, they should absolutely be free to do whatever they like
       | with them for personal usability. I can understand the legal
       | rights position here, revolving around bringing attention to the
       | issue of these idiotic rules, but if I buy ebooks, i'll just go
       | ahead and strip their DRM without giving a damn who says no. The
       | absurdity of DRM laws is really made visible again.
        
         | patrec wrote:
         | > but if I buy ebooks, i'll just go ahead and strip their DRM
         | without giving a damn who says no
         | 
         | Yeah, dream on. How long do you think this option will stay
         | available to you? I sometimes get the impression that
         | intelligent technical people on HN can't see ahead 5 minutes
         | into the future, because being a peon without rights is
         | something that conflicts with their self image as some
         | technical sophisticate not subject to the same insults by our
         | overlords as lowly non-techies. But your relative technical
         | sophistication just means you'll lose some basic control over
         | your privacy, data and possessions at t+e rather than t.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | Asking as a non-sophisticate who has a mental block on most
           | math education beyond 2nd grade: what does t+e mean?
           | 
           | edit: HN would rate limit me if I tried to reply to each
           | explanation with thanks, so: thanks!
        
             | cyberbanjo wrote:
             | Time + Elapsed Time. AKA not now, but eventually
        
               | oleganza wrote:
               | Epsilon stands for a "arbitrarily tiny bit" in calculus.
        
             | moron4hire wrote:
             | Current (t)ime plus some hand-waiving (e) Epsilon of change
             | in time.
        
             | patrec wrote:
             | t = some point in time
             | 
             | t+e = some point in time a tiny fraction later
        
           | nemetroid wrote:
           | > Yeah, dream on. How long do you think this option will stay
           | available to you?
           | 
           | For as long as my reader can decrypt ebooks locally.
        
             | patrec wrote:
             | Fahrenheit 451 style, right?
             | 
             | Because local vs cloud doesn't matter squat if all the
             | devices your have locally are locked down completely and
             | controlled by someone else.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | For books the analog hole is probably widening with
               | better ocr now than ever.
        
               | patrec wrote:
               | The last remaining analog hole may soon be people.
               | Recording devices are basically already digital, and
               | there is no fundamental difficulty in embedding enough
               | pattern recognition to ensures that you don't replicate
               | material that's either thoughtcrime or the valuable IP of
               | Elsevier, RIAA or some similar benefactor of humanity.
               | Photoshop reportedly already refuses to work on scenes
               | that contain money.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | Money is one thing, but you can't exactly autoblur all
               | text without a mass uproar. And at least for now I don't
               | think it's feasible to keep enough updated storage and
               | processing around photo devices to recognize temporary
               | pics of all copyrighted texts either - even with heavily
               | optimized hashes. But, I could be wrong in this
               | assumption.
        
           | helloworld11 wrote:
           | Well, I can't predict the future, but so far I've managed to
           | bypass every bullshit DRM control I've come across for text
           | content and ebooks without too much trouble. It's mainly a
           | question of choosing your mediums and hardware a bit more
           | selectively. This doesn't make me blind to anything beyond
           | the next 5 minutes and personally, i'm far from a technical
           | person. Yes, the tech and media giants will keep looking for
           | ways for screw people into becoming captive consumers who
           | "buy" things that they don't even really own, but technology
           | has so far done a remarkably good job of counteracting much
           | of these attempts if one bothers to use it with a bit of
           | creativity.
           | 
           | edit: clarity
        
           | vageli wrote:
           | As long as the content is presented to a human for
           | consumption, I think it will be possible to duplicate it,
           | even if it is just recording the screen with a camera or
           | something.
           | 
           | Even "unpublished" works can be recreated by those with
           | talent, like Mozart and Allegri's Miserere.
        
             | StillBored wrote:
             | Until you have a camera that detects watermarks and refuses
             | to record. Its already there with cinavia which I guess has
             | functional workarounds now, but it took, what 3-4 years (?)
             | before a remover showed up that didn't garble the audio.
             | 
             | Its not at all hard to believe that in 20-30 years when all
             | the non-drm'ed version are sitting in landfills the analog
             | "hole" will be closed because capture or playback devices
             | will simply refuse to function when they detect watermarks
             | when interacting with unsecured channels.
             | 
             | I acted when ultra-hd was "cracked" and grabbed one of the
             | friendly drives, but its not been particularly useful
             | because there seems to be far less effort in the public to
             | assure that ultrahd disks are readable (look up the
             | details) so its more likely to "miss" these days. The point
             | being that its a giant game of back and forth, and while
             | the "crackers" win everytime they crack something, they are
             | mostly hobbiest fighting against corps with billions to
             | employ engineers who spend their entire day coming up with
             | ways to make it more difficult. Given few of us have
             | electron microscopes and giant supercomputers, it seems
             | really likely they will eventually win given that they
             | learn to compensate every time something is cracked.
             | 
             | Plus, in the past it was pretty easy to buy PC's/etc that
             | gave you full control, these days even with secure boot
             | disabled, you might not be able to get into the lower
             | levels of firmware because the machine simply refuses to
             | accept unsigned updates. Flash it by hand and the bootstrap
             | code integrated on the CPU die refuses to accept it.
        
             | patrec wrote:
             | > As long as the content is presented to a human for
             | consumption, I think it will be possible to duplicate it,
             | 
             | Why do you think so? If you can tell the difference between
             | a family scene and a screening of a Hollywood film, why
             | can't your camera? It doesn't have to perfect, and you can
             | gradually tighten things down, which is exactly what has
             | been happening for some time.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > If you can tell the difference between a family scene
               | and a screening of a Hollywood film, ...
               | 
               | That's a big "if". I wouldn't guarantee to always be able
               | to tell the difference. And there is a lot of non-
               | Hollywood content which looks a lot more like something
               | out of a Hollywood film than just "family scenes".
               | (People do make their own _films_ , you know, not just
               | recordings of family events.)
               | 
               | > ... why can't your camera?
               | 
               | That's asking a lot out of the kind of computing hardware
               | you can reasonably fit into a camera. Even if you assume
               | something like a smartphone with much more computing
               | capacity than a standalone DSLR or mirrorless camera (and
               | a correspondingly higher power budge / shorter battery
               | life), you're not going to be able to train it to
               | recognize every bit of Hollywood content and reliably
               | distinguish it from non-Hollywood content _offline_.
               | (Online recognition where the camera can upload content
               | to the server for pattern recognition is a different
               | matter, but something like this would presumably be done
               | offline anyway.) The information requirements would be on
               | the order of having all that content downloaded to the
               | phone--never mind the processing involved.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > How long do you think this option will stay available to
           | you?
           | 
           | This is a significant concern. We're seeing more and more
           | non-free hardware in the market. Hardware designed to stop us
           | from having access to data and from running our own software.
           | Our computing freedom must be sacrificed in order to have any
           | hope of enforcing these antiquated laws.
        
           | logfromblammo wrote:
           | Forever. DRM is created under the cryptographically insane
           | belief that one can treat a person as an eavesdropper at any
           | time after they have been an authorized recipient.
           | 
           | That is the unsolvable problem that guarantees DRM will never
           | be able to create a perfect protection device that allows the
           | company to stuff the genie back into the bottle, or the cat
           | back into the bag, at will.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Indeed. What an indignity. People "buy" books only to be forced
         | to beg authorities for access to the items they paid for. It
         | should be the other way around. It should be illegal to prevent
         | this access.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | helpfulmandrill wrote:
       | Great. Now how about the rest of us?
        
       | DavidPeiffer wrote:
       | >Even ebooks that are formatted correctly for TTS can have other
       | issues. Math and science are the worst. Textbooks may be
       | formatted for 100 percent accurate text-to-speech, only to falter
       | when it comes to formulas, equations, charts, and tables. Those
       | are typically rendered as images in an ebook, which would require
       | publishers to take an additional step to record "alt text" for
       | each individual figure--audio that would describe the image once
       | encountered by a screen reader.
       | 
       | My now wife and I spent hundreds of hours during undergrad
       | converting text and graphs to plaintext for a grad student. Truly
       | nasty formulas, with multiple integrals, fractions with many
       | factors above and below the line, exponents all over.
       | 
       | While the legality was questionable at the time, I broke the DRM
       | on the PDF of the book, copied everything to Sublime, removed
       | line breaks, formatted footnotes with [1] formatting, labeled
       | graphs.
       | 
       | Then I fired up GIMP and translated the images. When embossed on
       | paper, braille is much larger than normal text, so I had to
       | greatly simplify things.
       | 
       | The frustrating part was, on math books, there's a good chance it
       | was LaTeX to begin with. The format we converted formulas to was
       | almost identical to LaTeX.
       | 
       | Additionally, surely for undergrad level classes, multiple
       | colleges were each paying undergrad students $1,000+ per course
       | to make the materials accessible. A website where School 1 could
       | see that School 2 had already converted Calculus 1 to braille and
       | allowing payment to reimburse a proportional amount of the cost
       | would be incredible helpful and maybe legal. In essence, $1,000
       | would be paid by School 1 to do the initial work, School 2
       | reimburses $500, then School 3 pays $333, split to the other two
       | schools so ultimately, they're all in it for $333 rather than
       | $1,000.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | I also worked with another student to build a molecule generator
       | for 3d printers. Extensive use of the Blender Python API. Each
       | bond type was a different shape connector, and the periodic table
       | was divided by row and column to form a unique combination of
       | scale and shape.
       | 
       | MacMolPlt [1] generated plaintext files that contained the
       | position of each atom, bond connection types, and a list of
       | coordinates for the electron clouds which could also be generated
       | on top of the molecular structure, all exported to .STL for 3d
       | printing.
       | 
       | It was a neat project, definitely opened my eyes to disabilities,
       | and I became a more empathetic person because of it. Through some
       | weird stuff with funding, it's sort of in copyright gray area.
       | The disability office was paying to make things accessible for
       | the student, not necessarily to build a tool that would be
       | released to the greater world. It wouldn't be hard to replicate
       | though. Back in 2011, I knew every 3d printer on campus and was
       | kinda begging to print stuff while we tried things out. Now
       | printing is trivially cheap and capacity is abundant - it would
       | be 10x as easy and helpful.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.swmath.org/software/7039
        
       | laserlight wrote:
       | > Although the exemption protects people who circumvent digital
       | copyright protections for the sake of accessibility -- by using
       | third-party programs to lift text and save it in a different file
       | format, for example -- that it's even necessary strikes many as a
       | fundamental injustice.
       | 
       | This is not only an injustice, but also a stupidity. What I do
       | with something I paid for should concern only me as long as it's
       | within my personal bounds (no redistribution, no profit, no
       | business, etc.) Breaking DRM for personal use should not and
       | cannot be illegal.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | Nobody really cares what people do locally on their own. But
         | companies do care when people share this local work with
         | others. And any tool for accessibility can be used for this in
         | one way or another.
         | 
         | This is simply a problem of two opposing forced where both have
         | legitimated reasons for their demand. And so far the weak side
         | is losing. It would be better to find some compromise. Having
         | tools and readers with official support for blind people should
         | be the obvious solution. Why do they even need to fight against
         | the publishers, instead of working with them together?
        
           | mattnewton wrote:
           | If companies care when people share the work with others
           | means that the act they want to prevent is breaking copyright
           | this way, and it becomes a question of enforcement.
           | 
           | I understand its basically impossible to enforce all cases
           | once they have the raw digital text, but does that mean we
           | should ban OCR software and limit the access to high quality
           | scanners in case they are used for copyright infringement?
           | That seems an absurd cost to protect the existing business
           | model. But is also the conclusion to banning DRM
           | circumvention efforts. I think instead we can just go after
           | people selling large number of copies like we always have and
           | publishing will survive.
           | 
           | If your business model requires you to break other people's
           | property rights to something that you ostensibly sold them,
           | in order to enforce it, it usually isn't a viable business
           | model! Except when you have a massive army of lawyers
           | apparently.
        
         | cabalamat wrote:
         | > Breaking DRM for personal use should not and cannot be
         | illegal
         | 
         | Agreed, including fro other people's personal use.
         | 
         | Companies should be allowed to protect data by copyright or
         | DRM, but not both, i.e. encasing something in DRM would remove
         | its copyright.
        
           | ptudan wrote:
           | I don't really track this argument. DRM generally exists to
           | make it easier to protect copyright, no? They go hand in
           | hand.
        
             | sli wrote:
             | The argument doesn't really track but it's very much worth
             | examining DRM and its relationship with/effects on
             | copyright and the rights of consumers, anyway.
             | 
             | DRM is frequently used not just to protect copyright, but
             | to also completely control access beyond the purpose of
             | copyright. See the recent Denuvo snafu for an example of
             | this being done (presumably) by accident, noting that it
             | can also be done on purpose to e.g. plan obsoletion. It
             | doesn't just control copyright, it controls your actual
             | rights to access content you legally own and hinges that
             | access on running a service in perpetuity, which is not the
             | least bit realistic. It's digital _rights_ management but
             | treats those rights like a privilege instead.
        
             | gizmo686 wrote:
             | Think about patents. If you get a patent, you are legally
             | protected from people stealing your patented idea for the
             | lifetime of the patent. However, in exchange for that
             | protection, you must make the idea public. In exchange for
             | the protection of law, a patent holder sacrifices the
             | protection of secrecy.
             | 
             | A simmiliar model could be applied to copyright, in
             | exchange for legal protections, you must forgo technical
             | protections.
        
           | logfromblammo wrote:
           | Much like one cannot have a patented trade secret. The grant
           | of patent requires disclosure, and using the court system to
           | publicly resolve disputes.
           | 
           | If one uses technical means to protect information, parent
           | poster proposes that courts should decline to protect it
           | under the copyrights regime as well. Certainly, they should
           | not protect both the information and whatever technical
           | device is used to do private enforcement.
           | 
           | You can either use the public protection regime, or your own
           | private protection device, but not both.
           | 
           | The issue at hand is that copyright implicitly includes an
           | agreement to allow the work to pass into public domain after
           | the copyright term expires. Technology that prevents that is
           | anathema to the agreement. At the least, such schemes should
           | fail-open, such that archived copies may be read as plaintext
           | when the copyright term expires.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Yeah. This is what happens when laws are bought and paid for by
         | corporations through lobbying. Their concerns just override all
         | common sense.
        
       | Finnucane wrote:
       | Some years ago, I wrote the code specification for our ebook
       | conversions. I made a priority of specifying good semantic
       | structure, employ ARIA tags where needed, etc. I work for a
       | university and there was yet no mandate for it, but it seemed
       | only a matter of time. In the long run being a little ahead of
       | the curve aid paid off, but now I need to go through and revise
       | things to account for changing standards, and my own improved (I
       | hope) understanding of what's needed.
       | 
       | I'm also reminded of an incident years ago when I was working in
       | a New York, and an agent (for a popular, well-paid writer) called
       | our contract department from my desk phone to insist they remove
       | the clause allowing the LOC to make audiobooks for the blind. As
       | agent crimes go, it might not be the worst, but it always struck
       | me for how egregiously petty it was.
        
       | werkjohann wrote:
       | This is terrible, and while IANAL I'm confused why it doesn't
       | fall under ADA requirements to provide accessible versions of
       | materials - especially school materials.
       | 
       | Also, can people really claim with a straight face that running a
       | book through text-to-speech is the same as a real audiobook
       | (that's often a voice actor, right?)?
        
         | NoahTheDuke wrote:
         | I listened to all of Worm (https://parahumans.wordpress.com/)
         | with TTS and while it wasn't ideal, it worked out well enough
         | that I got a full understanding of the story. I'll note that I
         | did this before the fan podcast to read the whole story lol.
         | That's a much better option now.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | for books popular enough to get that treatment sure, I used to
         | do volunteer reading to make audiobooks but had to quit when
         | someone handed me the most pseudoscientific rubbish to read -
         | it really felt like taking advantage - some book selling a
         | lifestyle advice thing that would lead to immortality!!
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | LibriVox is a well-known project in this space that by and
           | large focuses on worthwhile stuff, not pseudoscientific
           | rubbish.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | > Also, can people really claim with a straight face that
         | running a book through text-to-speech is the same as a real
         | audiobook (that's often a voice actor, right?)?
         | 
         | TTS is quickly improving. While it's not quite there yet, there
         | are already ways to have any text read with anyones voice.
         | 
         | There also comes a point where even if it isn't perfect, it
         | doesn't matter to the consumer who just wants the book read to
         | them. Meanwhile, the publishers want the revenue from selling
         | both versions of the book.
        
       | JakeWesorick wrote:
       | Where can I get these DRM free eBooks?
        
         | paol wrote:
         | The Calibre ebook managemet app has plugins available that can
         | strip both Amazon and Adobe DRM.
        
           | RNCTX wrote:
           | Also does a very good job of metadata management and format
           | conversion. I don't know of a better solution. With Calibre
           | you can buy wherever you like and maintain the format and
           | metadata system you prefer.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | Or it used to. Last time I tried it wasn't able to do Amazon
           | anymore.
        
             | salamandersauce wrote:
             | It still works for Amazon but it doesn't really work for
             | books in their newer KFX format. It's best to use an older
             | version of Kindle for PC or use their download and transfer
             | to USB if you have a physical eInk Kindle to get an AZW3
             | file which should unlock no problem.
        
               | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
               | Installers for older versions are becoming increasingly
               | elusive, I've found. Anything newer than Kindle for PC
               | v1.26 and DeDRM can't break the encryption. Installers
               | for v1.17 or v1.19 can still be found, but on Linux those
               | versions can't connect to Amazon because one of the SSL
               | certs used by the app has expired.
               | 
               | That leaves v1.21 as the "sweet spot", but most of the
               | sites that used to host that installer EXE have
               | mysteriously disappeared.
        
               | Jiro wrote:
               | You can get the missing certificate from the links in htt
               | ps://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=342186&uid
               | ... .
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | That workaround gets you the text but it's missing a lot
               | of the recent typographic improvements. It's fine for
               | extracting text for TTS, but isn't ideal if what you are
               | trying to do is maintain a DRM free archive of books
               | you've purchased.
               | 
               | It's like saying you can break BluRay DRM by recording
               | the screen with your phone camera.
        
               | sbst32 wrote:
               | What kind of typographic improvements do you have in
               | mind?
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Stuff like drop caps, kerning that isn't terrible,
               | hyphenation, and better word spacing. None of it matters
               | if you are feeding the text to a speech synthesizer, but
               | it can make a difference when reading.
        
               | salamandersauce wrote:
               | Some of that stuff you can get back by using an ePub
               | version and reader from the AZW3 file which can typically
               | be done using KindleUnpack. Some of it is less the file
               | format and more the rendering engine used and they simply
               | haven't bothered to backport it to their AZW3 renderers.
               | Amazon does AFAIK precompute some stuff like hyphenation
               | but not everything.
        
               | sbst32 wrote:
               | The point is the KFX format does have all that natively.
        
               | salamandersauce wrote:
               | And my point is that some of it not native (it's handled
               | by the renderer) and it's possible to get back or similar
               | enough (precomputing hyphenation).
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | If you're willing to do a bunch of work, you may be able
               | to recreate something close to the original KFX. AFAIK
               | you won't get kerning though. That seems to be tied to
               | the renderer used for KFX files.
               | 
               | The other part is that there isn't a single definitive
               | KFX file for a title. If you have an Oasis and I have a
               | Paperwhite and we both download the same book, I believe
               | we get different KFX files. There's no reason to doubt
               | that there will be future Kindle devices that are even
               | better with respect to typography and so you will need to
               | re-download your library for that device.
               | 
               | Today, KFX can sometimes be De-DRM'd but it's gotten to
               | the point where it's a cat and mouse game. It works for a
               | while then Amazon changes something and breaks it. I
               | don't doubt that essentially uncrackable DRM is
               | achievable.
               | 
               | The real fix is legislative.
        
         | makeworld wrote:
         | Z-Library is the best.
        
         | magikabula wrote:
         | The best source for ebooks if definitely eMule
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | Tor: https://www.tor.com/2012/07/20/torforge-e-books-are-now-
         | drm-...
        
         | sohkamyung wrote:
         | Libreture maintains a list of DRM free stores [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.libreture.com/bookshops/
        
           | unhammer wrote:
           | That's a good list. I've found some stuff I was looking for
           | at Bloomsbury. Tor is probably good if you're into sci-
           | fi/fantasy. But if you're looking for a specific book in
           | English it's typically very hard to find a place to pay for a
           | DRM-free e-book.
           | 
           | A search engine that covers all the little sites selling DRM-
           | free books would be nice!
           | 
           | (Publishers of Norwegian books fortunately tend to have just
           | do watermarks, which is fine - you can read the book on
           | whatever device you want, and your copy has a little note
           | saying "ex libris Your Name" or something)
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | the pirate bay & friends.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | libgen for books. The pirate bay theoretically covers
           | everything, but good luck finding books there.
        
             | xiconfjs wrote:
             | Try these Libgen proxy/mirror links:
             | 
             | http://libgen.gs/ (NEW - November 2020)
             | 
             | http://gen.lib.rus.ec
             | 
             | http://libgen.rs - (NEW - October 2020).
             | 
             | https://libgen.is - (Working Again - May 2021).
             | 
             | http://libgen.st - (Re-directs to www.libgen.rs).
             | 
             | http://libgen.li
             | 
             | https://libgen.lc
             | 
             | http://libgen.io/ (No longer working).
             | 
             | https://libgen.be/ (NEW - September 2020 - Search proxies
             | to www.libgen.rs).
             | 
             | https://libgen.nl/ (NEW - September 2020 - Search proxies
             | to www.libgen.rs).
             | 
             | If you are having trouble reaching with above Libgen URLs,
             | try http://93.174.95.27 or http://185.39.10.101.
        
               | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
               | I've literally always just grabbed the latest working URL
               | from the Wikipedia article's sidebar.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Genesis
        
             | helloworld11 wrote:
             | Libgen is great for older literature and non-fiction books
             | of all kinds, but for modern fiction it sucks.
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | Really? What have you struggled to find? I've found
               | libgen enormously helpful.
        
               | helloworld11 wrote:
               | Maybe it's just my pop fiction preferences but if I
               | search for any sort of modern horror or sci fi fiction, I
               | just can't seem to find any content. Pirate bay on the
               | other hand? No problem. Like I said though, almost any
               | modern non fiction and a great deal of older fiction
               | literature is definitely there, so I'm definitely not
               | criticizing libgen. It's mostly wonderful, though one
               | worries about malware luring in downloads, but on this
               | maybe im just being paranoid.
        
             | Klaster_1 wrote:
             | Besides TPB, is there a libgen for audiobooks? Audible
             | blocks lots of books here and the prices are honestly quite
             | steep. TPB often doesn't have what I was looking for, not
             | even something obscure.
        
               | sbst32 wrote:
               | Not actually a joke: audiobookbay.ws
        
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