[HN Gopher] Falsehoods programmers believe about names - with ex...
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       Falsehoods programmers believe about names - with examples (2018)
        
       Author : thewarpaint
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2021-11-07 20:45 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (shinesolutions.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (shinesolutions.com)
        
       | DonaldFisk wrote:
       | Did I miss the falsehood about family name always following
       | personal name? (Doesn't apply to Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or
       | Hungarian names.)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _Falsehoods Programmers Believe About Names - With Examples_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18567548 - Nov 2018 (169
       | comments)
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | By the way, John Wyndham (author of The Day of the Triffids.
       | Mentioned in the article) also wrote a novel titled, "The Kraken
       | Wakes". Which is a hilarious, messed up and excellent piece of
       | scifi full of early 20th century flavorful goodness.
        
       | kgeist wrote:
       | 41. Surnames like "Null" don't exist:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12426315
        
       | Svip wrote:
       | Programmers need to learn from bureaucrats of the 19th century.
       | When bookkeeping of the people truly became a thing in the 1800s,
       | industrialised nations sent out bureaucrats to collect the names
       | of people in villages. Unfortunately, people seldom had enough
       | names to fill in the forms the bureaucrats had. The idea of a
       | family name was not something bestowed to nor necessary for a
       | lowborn. If you're the only Jack in town, why bother with any
       | other name than Jack?
       | 
       | Not contend with simply filling in Jack, bureaucrats would simply
       | come up with a last name for them. Or - if they felt so inclined
       | - ask the person to come up with one themselves. They would often
       | chose their occupation. Americans know that a lot of modern
       | family name spellings in the US are the result of careless
       | bureaucrats at Ellis Island.
       | 
       | Back then, family names, house names, last names and surnames
       | weren't necessarily the same thing. One might have more than one.
       | You may be of one House, but your last name was Jackson (son of
       | Jack). Also somewhat inconvenient for these bureaucrats with few
       | fields on their forms. And also, stop changing last name from
       | generation to generation.
       | 
       | Though, fortunately for these bureaucrats, unlike modern
       | programmers, when the map did not fit the terrain, they could
       | simply alter the terrain.
        
         | notum wrote:
         | Some airlines do this, they ask that you anglicise your name
         | for the boarding pass.
        
         | andrewem wrote:
         | Family names weren't changed at Ellis Island.
         | 
         | See eg this from the New York Public Library:
         | https://www.nypl.org/blog/2013/07/02/name-changes-ellis-isla...
         | 
         | (The mandated adoption of surnames is a pretty complex topic
         | and of course proceeded in different ways in various times and
         | places.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kube-system wrote:
       | > I fear that part of the reason that this blog post had less
       | impact than I hoped was that Patrick did not give examples of how
       | each assumption can be false.
       | 
       | I think the reason is that many assume that these cases are niche
       | and not something they need to worry about.
       | 
       | Which might be the case, or might not, depending on the
       | application. But either way, using celebrities or historical
       | figures is not a great way to convince anyone otherwise.
        
       | ted-pap wrote:
       | In Greek first names are conjugated. Also last names change based
       | on gender.
        
       | elchief wrote:
       | A personal name is either a Polynym (a name with multiple
       | _sortable_ components), a Mononym (a name with only one
       | component), or a Pictonym (a name represented by a picture - this
       | exists due to people like [Prince][1]).
       | 
       | A person can have multiple names, playing roles, such as LEGAL,
       | MARITAL, MAIDEN, PREFERRED, SOBRIQUET, PSEUDONYM, etc. You might
       | have business rules, such as "a person can only have one legal
       | name at a time, but multiple pseudonyms at a time".
       | 
       | Some examples:                   names: [           {
       | type:"POLYNYM",             role:"LEGAL",
       | given:"George",             middle:"Herman",
       | moniker:"Babe",             surname:"Ruth",
       | generation:"JUNIOR"           },           {
       | type:"MONONYM",             role:"SOBRIQUET",
       | mononym:"The Bambino" /* mononyms can be more than one word, but
       | only one component */           },           {
       | type:"MONONYM",             role:"SOBRIQUET",
       | mononym:"The Sultan of Swat"           }         ]
       | 
       | or                   names: [           {
       | type:"POLYNYM",             role:"PREFERRED",
       | given:"Malcolm",             surname:"X"           },           {
       | type:"POLYNYM",             role:"BIRTH",
       | given:"Malcolm",             surname:"Little"           },
       | {             type:"POLYNYM",             role:"LEGAL",
       | given:"Malik",             surname:"El-Shabazz"           }
       | ]
       | 
       | or                   names:[           {
       | type:"POLYNYM",             role:"LEGAL",
       | given:"Prince",             middle:"Rogers",
       | surname:"Nelson"           },           {
       | type:"MONONYM",             role:"SOBRIQUET",
       | mononym:"Prince"           },           {
       | type:"PICTONYM",             role:"LEGAL",             url:"http:
       | //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Prince_logo.svg/13
       | 0px-Prince_logo.svg.png"           }         ]
       | 
       | or                   names:[           {
       | type:"POLYNYM",             role:"LEGAL",             given:"Juan
       | Pablo",             surname:"Fernandez de Calderon",
       | secondarySurname:"Garcia-Iglesias" /* hispanic people often have
       | two surnames. it can be impolite to use the wrong one. Portuguese
       | and Spaniards differ as to which surname is important */
       | }         ]
       | 
       | Given names, middle names, surnames can be multiple words such as
       | `"Billy Bob" Thornton`, or `Ralph "Vaughn Williams"`.
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)
        
         | user-the-name wrote:
         | You can very easily have multiple legal names, as "legal" is a
         | national concept and you can have multiple citizenships, each
         | one with a different legal system and thus potentially a
         | different legal name.
        
           | R0b0t1 wrote:
           | There are other examples where an individual can have no
           | name. If you do not complete your test of manhood in the
           | cultures that have one you may not be assigned a name.
           | 
           | Looks like GP didn't read the list.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | An empty array might then suffice, but surely this outcast
             | has a sobriquet, like "that loser without a name"
        
           | elchief wrote:
           | Which is exactly what I said
        
       | firebaze wrote:
       | This is so old. Welcome, https://xkcd.com/1053/.
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | > This particular example name [Tanaka Tarou Tian Zhong Tai Lang
       | ] is perhaps best known as the name of an alien in an anime
       | series (and a manga). There have also been real people with this
       | name.
       | 
       | Huh? That's a bit like saying the name "John Doe" is "perhaps
       | best known from being the name of a character in a movie." It's
       | just the stand-in, "generic" Japanese name that's used in
       | examples. If an alien had the name in a cartoon it was probably a
       | joke about the alien going out if its way to appear ordinary, the
       | way the characters in Third Rock from the Sun were named Tom,
       | Dick, and Harry.
       | 
       | Anyway, this article always kind of rubbed me the wrong way. OK,
       | maybe someone's name is one character that's not possible to
       | represent with Unicode. What do you want me to do about it?
        
       | kgeist wrote:
       | A few years ago we were required to pass Microsoft's
       | certification exams, one of the options was to do it online.
       | Their requirement was that the name/surname in the application
       | form had to be identical to what's in your ID (you also had to
       | attach scans of your ID). The problem is, we're from Russia, and
       | the form didn't allow Cyrillic letters, and there's only Cyrillic
       | letters in a Russian ID. We had to fly all the way to
       | St.Petersburg to pass exams offline in a Microsoft-approved
       | certification center, instead of just doing it online in our
       | office. Another option was getting a travel passport (it contains
       | a Latin transliteration), but the deadlines didn't allow us to
       | wait for up to 1 month (maximum time for issuing a travel
       | passport here).
        
         | R0b0t1 wrote:
         | They refused to accept a romanization? If so that's doubly bad.
         | Excusing technical deficiencies is one thing, but preventing
         | people from working around them is indicative of a high level
         | organizational failure.
        
           | kgeist wrote:
           | Yes, it had to be identical. The problem with romanization of
           | Cyrillic is that there's no commonly accepted standard, and I
           | suspect the employees who process the applications were very
           | unlikely to be Russian, so they would have no idea how to
           | match our romanized variant to what's found on the ID scans.
           | At least if they allowed Cyrillic in the submit form, they
           | could have compared it visually as a set of pictograms, no
           | need to know Cyrillic by heart. And it wasn't some US-only
           | application thing we ran into by mistake, it talked about
           | providing identification documents "of your country". But for
           | some reason, they excluded all countries which don't use
           | Latin alphabet.
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | In some countries, women have different last names than men do.
       | 
       | Eg. in macedonia, traditionally a person would get their fathers
       | name as their surname (so if the fathers name was "Petar", and
       | the son was Dragan, the lastname would be roughly translated to
       | "Dragan of Peter"). Because there are different forms for
       | feminine and masculine words, The son would be named "Dragan
       | Petrovski", and the daughter (Eg Marija) would be named "Marija
       | Petrovska".
       | 
       | This tanslated to modern times means, that if "Marija Ilijevska"
       | married "Dragan Petrovski", she would then be named "Marija
       | Petrovska". Their sons surname would again be "Petrovski" and
       | daughter "Petrovska".
       | 
       | So basically matching parents and their kids by their last names
       | has to take in account the -ski or -ska form .
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_name gives an Icelandic
         | example of Stefan Gunnarsson with children named Harpa
         | Stefansdottir and Robert Stefansson.
         | 
         | Bjork's name is Bjork Gudmundsdottir, daughter of Gudmundur
         | Gunnarsson and Hildur Runa Hauksdottir.
         | 
         | These use the genitive -s followed by either -dottir for girls
         | or -son for boys.
         | 
         | In Iceland, matching parents and their kids by their last names
         | doesn't work that well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | isbvhodnvemrwvn wrote:
         | In old Polish there was also a special form of name for
         | unmarried women, so for example:
         | 
         | Jan Kowalski has a daughter, Anna Kowalska.
         | 
         | When she is young, she is called Anna Kowalszczonka, Kowaliczka
         | or Kowalowna depending on who you asked (and you can't reliably
         | reverse these forms into the original name)
         | 
         | When she is grown up, she is called Anna Kowalska.
         | 
         | As it happens, the country was part of the Russian empire, so
         | she's also called Anna Kovalska or Anna Kovalskaia, depending
         | on who you asked.
         | 
         | When she marries Jan Kowal, she is called Anna Kowalowa or Anna
         | Kowal.
         | 
         | When Jan Kowal dies and she marries Wawrzyniec Slowacki, she is
         | called Anna Slowacka. But her husband is from Austria-Hungary,
         | so he's also called Laurentius Slowacki somewhere in his
         | documents, even though he never uses this name for anything.
         | 
         | Their son Stefan moves to Lithuania, but even though he's
         | ethnically Polish, Lithuanian government requires him to have
         | "Steponas Slovackis" printed on his documents.
        
         | DonaldFisk wrote:
         | Also in other Slavic countries, e.g. Poland (-ski/-ska),
         | Iceland (-son/-dottir), and sometimes in Scotland (Mac-/Nic-)
         | and Ireland (Mac-, Ni-).
        
       | Zababa wrote:
       | > In some countries (notably French speaking) it is convention to
       | write a person's surname in all caps to make it clear which part
       | of the name is the surname.
       | 
       | This is a French-specific thing? I didn't know that. I really
       | like it, it makes it easier to know which part is the name and
       | which part is the family name.
        
         | malshe wrote:
         | I knew this as a French-specific thing when I worked there and
         | I used to love it. Haven't seen it anywhere else though.
        
         | LazyOne wrote:
         | Yes I've seen this in some French and Belgian companies.
        
         | msbarnett wrote:
         | It's not fully French specific -- conventionally,
         | transliterated Japanese family names are rendered in ALL CAPS,
         | particularly when it's unclear whether or not the name is being
         | presented in Japanese-style family-name-first order to western
         | audiences who may otherwise confuse the given and family names.
        
         | senkora wrote:
         | I've also seen it in the CIA World Factbook. I didn't realize
         | it was a French thing.
         | 
         | https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/
         | 
         | Lots of info on the page, but the relevant part:
         | 
         | "head of government: Prime Minister Fumio KISHIDA (since 4
         | October 2021 )"
         | 
         | Edit: Another example:
         | 
         | https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/albania/
         | 
         | "head of government: Prime Minister Edi RAMA (since 10
         | September 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Senida MESI (since 13
         | September 2017)"
        
       | notum wrote:
       | Gotcha. Un-validated unicode text boxes for names in forms from
       | now on. After all, someone could be named like the contents of a
       | 64MB binary blob.
       | 
       | Compromises are unavoidable in web development.
        
         | mike_hock wrote:
         | Unicode text boxes with no validation other than a (generous)
         | length limit and unicode validation is exactly the right
         | approach. Arbitrary assumptions and limitations littered
         | throughout the code is not.
        
         | number6 wrote:
         | Oj yes litten QmFieSBUYWJsZXM=, we call him.
        
           | vanous wrote:
           | Qk9CQlkgVEFCTEVT
        
         | david422 wrote:
         | Nullable, of course.
        
       | goto11 wrote:
       | A more realistic example for 40 ("people have names"): Newborns
       | might not have a name. Lots of systems might have to handle
       | newborns.
        
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       (page generated 2021-11-07 23:00 UTC)