[HN Gopher] Apple Silicon Macs can't boot from external drive if...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Apple Silicon Macs can't boot from external drive if internal drive
       failed
        
       Author : concinds
       Score  : 326 points
       Date   : 2021-11-02 16:35 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bombich.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bombich.com)
        
       | concinds wrote:
       | Article is from May but received no attention, and I believe most
       | people are unaware of this; the Mac needs an iBoot on the
       | internal drive in order to boot from any volume, and thus cannot
       | boot from an external drive if the internal one has failed.
        
         | NKosmatos wrote:
         | Once again Apple is showing how to do things stupidly. They
         | won't allow you to boot from an external HDD/SSD if the
         | internal one fails. On top of that they make it extremely
         | difficult to replace the internal disk on your own. Carbon Copy
         | Cloner has been my number one program all these years, but I
         | think that Apple is pushing us loyal and technical competent
         | people away. They just want "simple" users.
        
           | im_down_w_otp wrote:
           | They want you to take the device to the dealership.
        
             | easton wrote:
             | Perhaps, but there's a security angle to this as well.
             | iBoot is stored on the internal SSD. If you want to bypass
             | the internal SSD entirely for the boot process, you must
             | now trust that any external drives plugged in have non-evil
             | versions of iBoot installed, as the Mac will now have to go
             | to every external device and say "can you tell me how to
             | boot?". If the internal drive is the only place to get
             | iBoot it makes the security strategy way easier (since the
             | only way to write to it is via DFU connected to Apple
             | Configurator). We know only people with the keys can modify
             | the internal drive, so we don't have to keep certificates
             | or something else around to verify it is trustworthy. Who
             | knows where the external drive's copy of iBoot is from.
             | 
             | You could make it so there's a break glass copy of iBoot on
             | another chip, but then that's something they can't update
             | if there's a bug.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nyxaiur wrote:
             | The SSDs of 2015-2017 macbooks start failing and they are
             | soldered on the board. I have a 12" that I can only boot
             | from external now otherwise the device would be dead. With
             | the M1 models you don't even have the chance to do this.
             | Apple won't even change the failed ssds they will sell you
             | a new logic board for the prize of a new machine. It's
             | infuriating and the only reason I won't buy a machine until
             | they make user replaceable storage the norm again.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | I don't think it will be the price of a new machine, it
               | will be the price of a flat rate repair which is a fixed
               | price for any sort of work past a certain point (as far
               | as the genius bar worker described to me at least). For
               | my 2020 laptop it could explode in a fireball and Apple
               | will repair it for $418 before tax, my flat rate for this
               | laptop.
        
               | nyxaiur wrote:
               | 680 Euros quoted from the apple store in berlin for a
               | 2012 macbook.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Everything apple is vastly more expensive in europe,
               | can't be compared to US contexts. You pay a few hundred
               | more at least for iphones too. Seriously, a good
               | population of people actually fly to Portland to stock up
               | on apple gear, and fly back to Europe or India or other
               | places. No sales taxes in Oregon too so you save even
               | more, sometimes its enough to pay for airfare compared to
               | buying in California even with 10% sales taxes being
               | somewhat typical there.
        
               | nyxaiur wrote:
               | I don't think it would turn out a plus if I fly over to
               | get it serviced.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lowbloodsugar wrote:
               | I noticed that AppleCare, which use to be a one-time
               | purchase of 3-year coverage, is now offered as an annual
               | purchase that can be renewed indefinitely. Presumably
               | this means that, as long as I pay my $150 rent, they will
               | replace my logic board, with its failed SSD, for free?
        
               | aluminussoma wrote:
               | I suspect they began soldering it because the cable
               | connecting the disk drive had a lot of problems in older
               | MacBooks. Soldering may have been an easy fix for that.
               | 
               | I hate the soldering, too. I'm just offering an
               | explanation that may make some sense given the context.
        
               | nyxaiur wrote:
               | pcie and nvme ssds use ports that are similar to ram
               | slots there is no more cable involved.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | And 2.5 inch drives can and often do have ports directly
               | mounted on the laptop motherboard. If you don't want to
               | use a cable, then you simply don't use a cable. Nothing
               | else changes.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | It's less the cable than the connector, so, similar
               | trouble with nvme ports (and ram slots, for that matter).
               | I've _barely_ had exposure to supporting laptop hardware,
               | and have seen  "thing shimmied loose" or "contact
               | corroded" as the root cause of problems more than once.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | What cable? As far as I can recall, everything not
               | directly soldered since about 2013 was ssd mounted to
               | motherboard using either M.2 or a similar proprietary
               | connector. I suspect it was Cook-ish financial
               | engineering and that trademark Apple hubris (that they
               | finally got over to re-add ports in the most recent MBP).
        
               | aluminussoma wrote:
               | Here's an older thread on the cable:
               | https://discussions.apple.com/thread/7794520
               | 
               | This was pre-2013. So perhaps the proprietary connector
               | was a reaction to the cable?
        
               | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
               | I like your Ockham razor reasoning, but given the history
               | of this company, it would be very difficult to defend
               | this claim. Soldering the SSD and memory made the device
               | unupgradeable (in contrast to pre-2013 models where I
               | have currently have 2x2TB!).
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | > Once again Apple is showing how to do things stupidly.
           | 
           | To be fair if you or your company are dumb enough to buy
           | these devices your probably also of a mind to take it in for
           | expensive repairs.
           | 
           | Its perfect business logic from the fruity chaps.
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | Is this also why you can't install Monterey on a non-Apple SSD? I
       | haven't seen an article acknowledging this problem but others are
       | experiencing it in various forums.
       | 
       | My 2013 Mac Pro had an SSD failure so I replaced it with a
       | standard M.2 drive and an adapter. Can't upgrade.
        
         | neilalexander wrote:
         | I replaced the Fusion Drive in my 2017 iMac with an off-the-
         | shelf Samsung SSD and had no problems at all upgrading to
         | Monterey.
        
       | DemiGuru wrote:
       | This is old information and no longer the case -
       | https://shirtpocket.com/SuperDuper/SuperDuperDescription.htm...
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | Though who knows what types of experimentation, trial and error
         | SuperDuper went through to make it work.
        
           | DemiGuru wrote:
           | I know that David Nanian and co worked with Apple to address
           | the issue(s) that prevented them from providing a bootable
           | backup.
        
             | floatingatoll wrote:
             | The ability to create bootable backups on external drives
             | as you describe, does not necessarily conflict with the
             | inability to boot from external drives as the post link
             | describes.
        
         | concinds wrote:
         | I'm not sure your link disproves this article. The first
         | paragraph just says bootable backups are supported (they are by
         | CCC too), and the rest of the page hasn't been changed in
         | years.
         | 
         | The SuperDuper blog says:
         | 
         | > Note that, as I indicated above, M1 Macs can't readily boot
         | from external drives. There are things you can do, if you have
         | an external Thunderbolt 3 drive (USB-C isn't sufficient), but
         | even that won't work if the internal drive is dead. Unless
         | things change, bootable backups are basically a thing of the
         | past on M1-based Macs. [0]
         | 
         | in a January article, and I haven't seen anything that
         | contradicts it in more recent articles. Mind linking?
         | 
         | (Note that booting from USB-C is now supported on AS Macs, but
         | booting when the internal drive is dead is not)
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://www.shirtpocket.com/blog/index.php/shadedgrey/commen...
        
           | DemiGuru wrote:
           | The blog entry you're referencing is old. Please follow the
           | link I had provided - https://shirtpocket.com/SuperDuper/Supe
           | rDuperDescription.htm... - note the recent version number and
           | its respective description.
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | Again, bootable backups work fine on Apple Silicon, but not
             | when the internal drive has failed, since booting requires
             | an iBoot volume stored on the internal drive. I believe
             | there's a misunderstanding, and SuperDuper hasn't found any
             | workaround for this.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> If you were making your backups bootable in case of hardware
       | failure, then that 's an extra logistical chore that you can now
       | retire from your backup strategy._
       | 
       | That's some premium-quality snark, right there.
        
       | mahesh_rm wrote:
       | Not really knowledgeable of the specifics: Is it really currently
       | unfeasible for a repair shop to figure out how to re-solder a new
       | SSD, and "flash" the T2 chip?
        
         | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
         | Apple Silicon macs lack T2 chips, and you cannot "resolder the
         | SSD" on modern Macs, really, you'd need to resolder 8-16 chips
         | on the actual main board, make sure they are the right kind of
         | chips (not something Apple will tell you), and then pray it
         | works --- did it fail because there's a proprietary process of
         | pairing SSD chips to the motherboard, or because one BGA ball
         | on one of the chips didn't sit correctly? Or because it was the
         | controller that died? It's a nightmare to test and pinpoint,
         | you're better off replacing the thing.
         | 
         | There was a video of Louis Rossmann where he explained why he
         | didn't want to do component level repairs on new macs if it was
         | RAM or SSD. I trust his expertise on the matter.
        
           | mahesh_rm wrote:
           | Great answer, thank you :)
        
       | xondono wrote:
       | I get that for people from IT it sounds surprising, but from a
       | hardware perspective I would say it's a good change.
       | 
       | Instead of having a SPI flash memory with the firmware they've
       | gone ahead and merged that into a single flash memory.
       | 
       | It's weird because we are used to see disks as independent
       | modules, but for these devices that's simply a useless
       | distinction, something that we keep for legacy reasons, not
       | because it provides any meaningful advantage.
        
         | Chocola wrote:
         | There is still a SPI chip from Winbond on board. Also the NVRAM
         | contains variables like "boot-volume". Question is if you can
         | easily change it.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | Being able to swap disks is a meaningful advantage. After all,
         | it's the part most likely to fail first, and often first
         | limitation people hit on a machine.
         | 
         | Storage tech is still advancing at a decent clip. In 5 years,
         | there will probably be 4-6TB drives on the market with 2-4x the
         | throughput for the same price as 1TB drives today.
        
           | slownews45 wrote:
           | We keep on hearing about folks needing to swap out disks out
           | that are broken who ALSO don't have apple care AND are out of
           | warranty? I mean, how many people is this vs the millions /
           | billions of idevices out there? Apple simplifies / integrates
           | like crazy - that is a focus for them. No separate bios flash
           | - my guess is others start copying them personally.
           | 
           | Because apple products hold value so well, I just sell me 2
           | year old stuff and it can really knock down cost of the new
           | stuff.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | And the people buying your used devices have no apple care
             | and are out of warranty, so they'll complain if they can't
             | repair it.
             | 
             | Apple devices will stop holding value so well the less
             | repairable they get, which in turn will also increase your
             | costs.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | The "unrepairable" apple devices have far FAR higher
               | resale value and lifetimes than most the Huawei / OPPO /
               | etc used phones out there.
               | 
               | This is really the proof point.
               | 
               | This is a combination of apples total system engineering
               | and software update story. You don't need applecare to
               | get updtes on an iphone.
               | 
               | For example, looking at recently sold items on Ebay -
               | Iphone 5S 32GB is going for $100. That's an 8 year old
               | phone.
               | 
               | Take your 8 year old HTC - nothing close to that.
        
           | xondono wrote:
           | But that's another different battle, and has nothing to do
           | with this change. Disks were already soldered down, and
           | that's a tradeoff.
           | 
           | I get that for some people swappable disks are great, but
           | those people couldn't really use pre-M1 macs. The only change
           | is that instead of two different interfaces for non volatile
           | storage, now there's one.
        
       | gameswithgo wrote:
       | Consider options like Framework laptops that let you actually own
       | your hardware, and repair it.
        
         | RKearney wrote:
         | Looks like all their laptops use Intel processors? Do they let
         | you control and disable Intel's management engine on that CPU?
         | If not then I don't see how one really "owns" the hardware.
        
           | GhettoComputers wrote:
           | Dell allows you to disable it (but it's not really
           | repairable) system76 and librem I think has it removed (but
           | they're not worth it for the specs).
        
             | for1nner wrote:
             | s76 blogged that they're working towards manu of their own
             | laptop machines soon rather than the clevo stock, so that
             | value might change soon.
             | 
             | Then again, their tower is exorbitant, so...maybe not.
        
         | yumraj wrote:
         | I for one will, if they were to make a 15" :)
        
         | arbuge wrote:
         | Any PC will let you boot from an external drive if the internal
         | drive fails (or even if it doesn't).
        
         | hyperstar wrote:
         | As soon as they make it possible to install free firmware such
         | as coreboot.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | We're comparing to Apple. Have fun freebooting that.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | It happened before:
             | https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTc2NTU
             | 
             | Although, true, I suspect their modern stuff will never
             | reach the same point.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | Then the M1 trounces this laptop in power and energy usage
             | and there's no contest.
        
         | Milner08 wrote:
         | If only they were available in the UK
        
           | darrenf wrote:
           | I'm in the UK too, finding myself unwilling to pay the new
           | Mac prices and getting impatient for the framework. So,
           | recently I've been considering a StarBook Mk V from
           | https://starlabs.systems/
           | 
           | They publish a full disassembly guide[0], so I'm reasonably
           | sure the whole thing is repairable and upgradable if
           | necessary. Lots of options for custom build at order time
           | including coreboot. I'm a bit hesitant about a 1920x1080
           | display but otherwise extremely tempted.
           | 
           | [0] https://support.starlabs.systems/kb/guides/starbook-mk-v-
           | com...
        
             | GordonS wrote:
             | I hadn't come across this laptop before, thanks for
             | sharing!
             | 
             | It looks _almost_ perfect, but only having a single USB-C
             | port is a disappointing choice :(
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | Perhaps you can consider this one instead:
           | https://puri.sm/products/librem-14.
        
         | GhettoComputers wrote:
         | Silly idea in tech, the hardware will be long outdated before
         | someone look for parts which are going to be overpriced, and
         | the company might be gone forever. You can buy common business
         | laptops such as thinkpad and swap the parts easily and cheaply.
         | People aren't swapping their 2011 i3 for a 2011 i7 if they care
         | about performance; they're getting an i5 from 2018.
         | 
         | None of these swappable parts are unique aside from the
         | processor (mine is soldered), I can replace all my parts and my
         | laptop cost under $200.
        
           | novok wrote:
           | TBH until very recently with the apple M1 archtecture CPU
           | perf peaked about 7 years ago and laptops never really had a
           | good GPU story. Improvements have been fairly incremental
           | since then. Yes lower nm processes reduce energy usage, but
           | we are even starting to approach a wall with that too now.
           | 
           | Personal laptops and desktops have become things you replace
           | at car intervals now. And phones are starting to approach
           | that too.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | M1 is just a continuation of the same, it's just fanless,
             | cooler, less energy usage and optimized for a few types of
             | uses (very useful for web). CPUs really haven't had a jump
             | since sandy/ivy bridge, and GPUs got much better with the
             | nvidia models in 2016, but it didn't show up in the real
             | world as much as it did in running machine learning
             | algorithms. Gaming laptops existed with good if overly hot
             | and expensive GPUs.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | My AMD Turion 2 based laptop has a "new" SSD and it rocks.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | "It's a silly idea in tech, my computer does the same thing".
           | 
           | Framework may not be for the purpose of upgrading a laptop
           | incrementally for ten years, but it has the core competency
           | of _intending_ to let you repair every component of your
           | laptop as needed, while having the profile of a slim but
           | powerful machine. They are the anti-apple from that
           | perspective.
           | 
           | Your $200 laptop is not as good as the Framework laptop. You
           | either bought a Chromebook, or you bought used meaning
           | someone else ate depreciation, or you're comparing apples to
           | oranges.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | I use a used business laptop. My programs don't care if
             | their being run off depreciated hardware. Even if you
             | bought a new one you'd still have access to all these cheap
             | replacement parts and common skus. It's still better for
             | replacing parts cheaply and easily. If you want a
             | repairable device for cheap, you aren't going to buy new
             | devices from new unknown companies that have a monopoly
             | over the parts production. The aftermarket for iPhone
             | batteries is so good it doesn't matter if they're
             | proprietary batteries over open batteries nobody has. Even
             | PinePhone piggybacks off Samsung batteries.
        
           | funnyflamigo wrote:
           | I disagree. My thinkpad x230t is still going strong nearly 10
           | years later (extreme example). With 16GB of ram and an SSD
           | it's still a decently capable machine.
           | 
           | If you're the type of person that needs the _fastest_
           | computer then yeah obviously you're upgrading every year. Or
           | if you work on large codebases, etc.
           | 
           | But if you don't care about that, you can easily go 4+ years
           | with your laptop. Yes computers have gotten faster, but the
           | internet is still usable on a 10 year old machine.
           | 
           | I've replaced my battery once already, but consider your
           | keyboard/screen are likely things to break at any point in
           | time with accidents.
           | 
           | And we're comparing this to apple, a company that has been
           | basically DRM'ing components - even if you can buy the
           | replacement you can't use it without it being "programmed" by
           | apple.
           | 
           | EDIT: Also note that the bare minimum models from 10 years
           | ago are likely too slow nowadays, I mean to compare this to
           | the medium-upper range devices of the time, potentially with
           | relatively low cost upgrades like an SSD.
        
             | redwall_hp wrote:
             | I still use a ThinkPad T420 running Linux for some
             | projects. It's a tank, practically everything is
             | replaceable (unlike in my MBP, which has already had one
             | Butterfly Keyboard failure...) and Sandy Bridge CPUs are
             | honestly still modern enough that I'd honestly say most
             | complaints about modernity are artificial consumerist
             | nonsense.
             | 
             | We're at the point where computers, cars and phones are
             | good enough and commoditized to the point where they should
             | be lasting 10+ years. Instead, we're moving toward a 4-year
             | maximum with everything sealed up and soldered, so you can
             | throw it on the e-waste pile and replace it to keep
             | "infinite" growth chugging. The iMac is particularly
             | offensive.
             | 
             | What Foundation is doing should be the norm, _by law_.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | You agree with all my points and the fact we both have
             | thinkpads, what do you disagree with?
             | 
             | The thinkpads esp batteries from 2013 suck them most. DRM,
             | and expensive, 2012 has no DRM and 2014 and up has way
             | cheaper aftermarket.
        
             | narraturgy wrote:
             | This is a tangential question. I adore my Thinkpad x230t
             | but it has a whopping ~1 hour battery life at this point.
             | Do you leave yours permanently plugged in or do you have
             | some sort of modern battery solution for our ancient beast
             | with an amazing keyboard?
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | You can hack the bios to remove the DRM and use 2012
               | aftermarket batteries, or replace the cells. I dumped my
               | x230, not worth the horribly priced aftermarket (if you
               | break your screen it's almost as expensive as another
               | laptop and you'll need to repair it). I love my newer
               | x250 with no DRM for WiFi, 2x SSD slots, cheap batteries
               | that can hotswap, cheaper 1080p IPS replacement screens,
               | and 11hr+ battery life. The x230 already lost the classic
               | keyboard, the new one is fine, and the speakers are
               | retardedly still on the bottom but it's much louder.
        
               | amatecha wrote:
               | Ah yeah, the unlock to do this is called "1vyrain",
               | right? https://github.com/n4ru/1vyrain/ Friend was
               | telling me about it as he accidentally ordered a non-
               | Lenovo battery and was considering sending it back but
               | also considering trying this "unlock".
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | That looks very nice, before you had to flash the bios
               | yourself, I never heard of it. I just got lazy and never
               | flashed the bios, I'll set time to use this. Makes the
               | battery replacement much less painful, thank you!
        
               | amatecha wrote:
               | No problem! Yeah it looks a bit scary to me so I'll only
               | try it if I can really dedicate some time and focus on
               | it, and only if I really want to install the mod. I think
               | this same mod is needed if you want to use X220 keyboard
               | on the X230.
        
               | rxhernandez wrote:
               | I ended up just buying a new battery for my t540p. I was
               | reluctant to because I didn't think it could possibly
               | last much longer with the abuse it's been subjected to,
               | but, it's still going strong a year later.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | They're so much cheaper than the 2013 ones. I love the
               | new battery platform.
        
               | amatecha wrote:
               | Thinking of how the MNT Reform designed their battery
               | solution[0], I wonder if it's possible to build a
               | "battery enclosure" where you can just drop in a bunch of
               | LiFePo4 cells, so you can just purchase commodity
               | batteries. It seems super wasteful to buy a complete new
               | battery every time because it's just the cells inside
               | that lose energy capacity...
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://mntre.com/reform2/handbook/parts.html#battery-
               | packs
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Wonder what the benefit of battery packs are? Why not
               | just have 18650s directly insert into the laptop?
        
               | javchz wrote:
               | That's the reason I jumped to the T430. Same CPU, but can
               | get a 70++ battery for 6-9 hours worth of battery, but
               | kinda the same concept. The only bad thing, you need to
               | mod the keyboard for an t420 for the vintage thinkpad
               | experience.
        
               | funnyflamigo wrote:
               | I've had the same issue, I've replaced the battery once
               | but I've found that if you're running any type of
               | workload then ~1 hour is the best you can hope for.
               | Luckily I rarely need it mobile for more then an hour,
               | but I might look into modding the battery.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | On the other hand, my x200t, which isn't that much older,
             | is minimally functional for the web and is effectively
             | nonfunctional for YouTube.
             | 
             | I keep it around because it works as a kiosk in my
             | recording studio, but that's about it.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | mpv with --script-opts=ytdl_hook-ytdl_path=yt-dlp allows
               | to watch Youtube videos with a fraction of the system
               | load that Youtube demands in a browser.
        
             | amatecha wrote:
             | Coincidentally I just bought a ThinkPad X230T this past
             | weekend and it's powered on next to me at this moment! It
             | runs great. I actually bought a couple, and a regular X230.
             | Such nice machines, and very repairable. I am observing the
             | fate of modern computing and trying to get a few easily-
             | repairable machines to hopefully last a long time, rather
             | than weird difficult-to-repair stuff. I have absolutely
             | zero interest in brand new machines that are increasingly
             | locked down with impossible-to-repair and "you don't really
             | own this computer" features.
             | 
             | The X230 was having some weird power/sensor issue so I
             | ordered a replacement motherboard for like $40 CAD in case
             | it dies. It could be years before I need it, but like, this
             | stuff costs peanuts and I am so much more comfortable using
             | a computer I know I can easily maintain (and has excellent
             | performance to boot).
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | I highly suggest you return them since the upkeep is very
               | expensive. The repairs for screens is ridiculous, the
               | batteries are horrible (the x220 has more longevity since
               | the bios is DRM free), the cards are on a whitelist (only
               | approved ones allowed). It is so bad I have some that are
               | in disrepair until I can find parts for them again. The
               | x240 to x270 will have modern parts that are cheap, the
               | batteries internal and external are under $30, the screen
               | aren't almost/more than the price of the same laptop. The
               | TN screens on the x230 may not break, but you won't be
               | happy using them, and to modify it with modern parts
               | needs an expensive $60 screen adapter, and you can't
               | control the backlight. The x250 is the best since there
               | is no wifi whitelist, unofficial screens are fine in
               | linux, the trackpad is good by default, and the battery
               | market is so good sometimes they give you 2 6 cells
               | instead of one, whereas the x230 ones are now going for
               | $80.
        
               | amatecha wrote:
               | Ah yeah, luckily the X230T I will mostly only use plugged
               | in. I do agree, the energy efficiency (and battery cost)
               | is one criticism of mine. That said, I'm not too worried
               | about WLAN allowlist since I can supposedly remove that
               | with 1vyrain (same with battery allowlist), if I even
               | cared about it. Same with displays, the TN in the X230 is
               | pretty sub-par but totally fine for me. Yeah, for now
               | stuff is pretty easily available here, but I wonder how
               | long that will last. Lots of people selling these
               | machines for parts, so I can totally hoard some extra
               | stuff if I want to... haha
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | With the cheaper batteries it's still only an ok usage if
               | you already have it. Official batteries will cost the
               | same as the unofficial ones for these older devices and
               | the screens remain expensive, and there aren't any good
               | IPS ones. If you don't care about it being used as a
               | laptop you can replace them with screens that are larger
               | in size, but it won't close properly anymore. I
               | personally never looked back since the x250 was better in
               | every way, the default screen is IPS.
        
           | marmaduke wrote:
           | We have a compute cluster made mainly of Westmere-generation
           | Xeons from 2011, which has been the workhorse for research
           | publications from our group for a decade. They are still
           | running fine, the (non soldered, replaceable) ECC DRAM chips
           | are failing before anything else.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Being able to replace memory and storage is very critical
             | for anything that will see a lot of use. Both of these are
             | certainly not "lifetime" items.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | I never had to replace either, although I don't want them
               | non replacable. External/cloud storage can take care of
               | space, and memory corruption is a fear, but nothing I
               | worry about, batteries are worst than both combined.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | I don't think I ever had a single machine where I stayed
               | with the storage it came with.
               | 
               | As for memory, DRAM doesn't really have a particularly
               | long lifetime (iirc design life is something like 75k
               | hours), and that certainly shows in servers - memory
               | modules start to fail a lot after the four year mark. And
               | here I don't think I ever had a machine where I didn't
               | upgrade memory at least once.
        
           | pantalaimon wrote:
           | > People aren't swapping their 2011 i3 for a 2011 i7 if they
           | care about performance
           | 
           | I beg to differ. I swapped my 2011 i5-2500k for a 2012
           | i7-3770 and it was a nice and cheap upgrade.
           | 
           | Used hardware is cheap, there is no reason to not upgrade it
           | all the way.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | You're really depending on your mobo to not blow a cap and
             | using way more energy. A used older ryzen 5 is comparable
             | and much better, and the mobos are current. Even a newer
             | intel F processor isn't much more the 3770K is way
             | overpriced for its performance.
        
           | Vogtinator wrote:
           | It's not just about upgrades, in fact it's not even mainly
           | about upgrades. It's about being able to understand the
           | machine, repairing it when necessary and ultimately being
           | able to rely on it. Otherwise your device might be a
           | candidate for the bin after the warranty expired, which can
           | be surprisingly quick.
        
             | mlindner wrote:
             | This weird OCD obsession with wanting to be able to piece
             | apart a device just like it's a car is just strange. The
             | device is a complete package. You don't re-solder and
             | reflash busted chips on a motherboard do you? So why do you
             | want to be able to replace the higher level parts rather
             | than the whole device?
             | 
             | This isn't like a desktop where all the parts are bought
             | from different manufacturers and assembled by an OEM or by
             | you. The laptop is a complete kit made by a single
             | manufacturer.
        
               | UseStrict wrote:
               | But why does it have to be that way? They ship off-the-
               | shelf RAM and SSDs in the Framework fully or partially
               | assembled kits. They released CAD files and drawings for
               | their module system. They actually sell replacement parts
               | for other components, much like an OEM automaker does. If
               | my touchpad dies I'd rather be able to swap it out with a
               | new $100 part than buy a whole new $1500 laptop.
               | 
               | It's a new company and have not been tested yet in terms
               | of backwards-compatibility and ongoing inventory. But
               | just because you can't swap parts in most laptops doesn't
               | really imply that you shouldn't be able to.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | The thinkpad trackpads are $15 new. If you want to get
               | repairable laptops just get business laptops.
               | 
               | Don't be fooled by the marketing, many Dell, HP and
               | Lenovo laptops have those benefits on top of a huge
               | aftermarket which framework doesn't have and can't
               | leverage. You can way cheaper buy a broken laptop of the
               | same model and fix yours with it whereas framework will
               | only have their niche market which won't be cheaper.
        
               | dsego wrote:
               | Broke my t480s screen, found a replacement from a german
               | online store, ordered it and it came to my address in
               | croatia in a day or two. Went to a local repair shop and
               | had it installed in less than 20 minutes. Imagine doing
               | the same with a macbook, lol.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | You can do it yourself next time in under 7 even for a
               | first time. Its very easy. I did it in 3 minutes my first
               | time.
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | I bought a T470 used, replaced RAM, SSD, display,
               | battery, and now I've got 16GB DDR4-3200 RAM, 2TB NVMe
               | SSD, a 1080p 400 nits 105% sRGB display, and over 20h
               | battery life in performance mode. For 460EUR.
               | 
               | I put some of the old parts together with some old
               | desktop SSD in my old E540 and gave it my gf, who
               | previously used an x220 with upgraded SSD and RAM. The
               | E540 already has a new display, too.
               | 
               | I do replace and change and upgrade all these parts to be
               | able to use a cheap laptop over many years, just like I
               | do with a desktop.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | > _This weird OCD obsession with wanting to be able to
               | piece apart a device_
               | 
               | suggesting that people who embrace "right to repair" have
               | a psychopathology is the only psychological blindspot I
               | see here.
               | 
               | wanting to enlarge your memory or your drive storage is
               | completely normal in the present day as these devices
               | increase in size dramatically well within the lifetime of
               | a notebook computer
        
             | pvarangot wrote:
             | > a candidate for the bin after the warranty expired, which
             | can be surprisingly quick
             | 
             | All my all Macs sold for great value after I was done with
             | them or got a better one, even with an expired guarantee.
             | It took like a week or two to sell them. I'm still stuck
             | with Thinkpads because the used market is shit.
             | 
             | My last Thinkpad I got kinda impulsively as a workstation
             | for Ableton is my deepest regret. It was a year ago, the
             | Intel MacBooks where not cutting it, it's a great machine
             | and was like 2600 and now I want to go back to an M1
             | MacBook Pro and it's impossible to sell it anywhere, I feel
             | I just threw away money. A four year old MacBook Pro is
             | worth more on the Apple exchange program than my Thinkpad,
             | it's really sad.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Which one did you get?
        
               | pvarangot wrote:
               | It's a P53 with 32gb ram, 1tb SSD, an i7-9750H and a
               | Quadro. It's a beast. It smokes my one year newer similar
               | MacBook Pro because it actually runs at clock rate
               | because it doesn't get as hot. But no one wants it
               | because it's a niche market to have an ugly workstation
               | on your desk. If I could sell it for something like 1600
               | I would buy an M1 Mac in a brim but it's really though.
               | They go from 600 to 900 on Craigslist, it's insane, I
               | feel really dumb for buying it, a MacBook with half the
               | RAM and SSD goes for 1400 to 1600 and the GPU sucks.
               | 
               | I'm thinking about plugging it to the TV and using it as
               | a Steam console or something like that, my girlfriend
               | games. But it's a fucking expensive console.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Install hackintosh on it and sell the MacBook.
        
               | pvarangot wrote:
               | Yeah it already runs Hackintosh. The MacBook is not mine,
               | it's my work laptop. What I'm saying is instead of the
               | Thinkpad if I had bought anything Apple with similar
               | performance, like an iMac Pro or a Mini Pro, I would be
               | up around 1000 and now that money just disappeared into
               | nothingness because the used market for PCs suck.
        
           | snek_case wrote:
           | I'm using a MacBook Air 2015 and it's basically still a fast,
           | perfectly usable machine. Quad core i7, 8GB RAM, SSD.
           | However, I wish I could replace the battery, I wish the SSD
           | was more easily upgradeable, and it would be nice to double
           | the RAM.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | It is very easy to replace a 2015 MacBook Air battery:
             | 
             | https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Air+13-Inch+Early+2015
             | +...
        
             | RistrettoMike wrote:
             | Not to be overly pedantic, but Apple didn't release any
             | quad-core MacBook Airs in 2015.(see
             | https://support.apple.com/kb/sp714?locale=en_US) Intel
             | didn't even have quad-core ULV CPUs available until late
             | 2017-2018.
             | 
             | I only comment because the jump between dual & quad core is
             | a pretty big one, as is the presumed jump to newer chips
             | with 6, 8, and 16 core processors in modern machines.
             | 
             | Dual core has remained surprisingly usable for light
             | tasking though. Whether it is a well-loved MacBook or a
             | battle-scarred ThinkPad from that era, Intel's dual core
             | CPUs have held up well (even if it means they didn't feel
             | the need to push their CPU design as much in the subsequent
             | years.)
        
           | fartcannon wrote:
           | Thinkpads are owned by Lenovo, a known bad actor who
           | installed, for example, rootkits on their own hardware.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | Never the thinkpad.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | If something comes preinstalled with Windows on it, it's
             | going to be rootkitted anyways. There's also an argument to
             | be made where we assume all commercial OSes are backdoored,
             | but I think at this point playing the "muh security" card
             | is a bit of a ruse. If you care about the stuff, you've
             | already installed LTSC/Linux/BSD/Some special Windows
             | distro.
        
               | throwaway2048 wrote:
               | it wasn't about pre-installed windows software, it was
               | about software embedded in UEFI that reinstalled itself
               | on windows even with a clean fresh non-lenovo provided
               | installation of windows.
        
             | thrashh wrote:
             | I give them a pass because their actions seem come from
             | stupidity rather than maliciousness.
             | 
             | Also while this was going on, they never did any of this to
             | Thinkpads.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | It also means that you can keep the same shell while changing
           | other components to upgrade it, yknow, like desktops.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | I have the same shell/case.
        
           | cyberbanjo wrote:
           | And the used 2011 i3, that wouldn't become garbage if it were
           | repairable would get sold to someone less performance / price
           | consciousness? Now it gets trashed.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | Nope, nobody wants it. You can try to sell it though.
             | People don't want even a free processor that needs an
             | expensive mobo they'll need to buy our own when they can
             | get a much better ryzen board and a cheap processor that
             | will trounce it. Nobody wants these old processors, many
             | are so useless they're being drilled for keychains.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwaway946513 wrote:
               | While I certainly can't speak for everyone - I've had a
               | 2011 Dell Inspiron that I upgraded from the i5-2450m to
               | an i7-2670qm a couple years ago. Additionally the RAM and
               | HDD were upgraded/swapped for SSDs.
               | 
               | The computer now lives with my mom, who needs a simple
               | but reliable device. The i5 was sold on ebay for a few
               | bucks to some lad or lasse who may have needed it for a
               | cheap laptop build. Decade old computers aren't vastly
               | different from today in terms of day to day use.
               | Capabilities and high performance is one thing, but using
               | devices longer, and upgrading entire systems less
               | frequently is both better for your wallet, and better for
               | the environment.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | I agree, performance hasn't changed much. But they're
               | relying on old motherboards which are way more fragile.
               | 
               | How often does your mother use that computer? Did the
               | performance matter to her at all? Even if you swapped it
               | back to the old i5 with the SSD I doubt much of a
               | difference would be noticed.
        
             | mlindner wrote:
             | And it was almost completely made from recyclable parts. It
             | gets recycled, not trashed.
        
             | BoorishBears wrote:
             | The other comment points it out correctly, no one wants it
             | price conscious or not.
             | 
             | Between the fact that many of them work without issue for
             | years, and the fact that an new equivalent to your 2011 i3
             | becomes exponentially cheaper over time, repairing it will
             | never be worth it.
             | 
             | A Raspberry PI 4 is a functional computer but costs less
             | than just the CPU of that i3 based machine while trouncing
             | it in performance and power efficiency.
             | 
             | https://browser.geekbench.com/processors/intel-core-i3-2100
             | https://browser.geekbench.com/v4/cpu/16396722
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It's true with electronic devices in general. I've tried
               | to pass down (still in support) older tablets,
               | Chromebooks, etc. through a friend who has some nieces
               | and nephews. Basically, to quote my friend, "no one's
               | interested in your old electronic crap."
               | 
               | Now I'm sure there are families with less money who might
               | think differently but it's definitely not straightforward
               | in general to hand down old computer-related stuff.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | They already have phones. They're not interested in your
               | slower than their phone computers either.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | At some point, the CPU is almost irrelevant. A huge issue
               | is software locked to a certain motherboard. And the fact
               | that your Raspberry Pi isn't going to be running x86
               | software flawlessly and doesn't come with nearly the same
               | peripherals as a typical laptop (without a lot more
               | cost... but even then, a 1:1 replacement isn't possible).
               | 
               | The assumption that tech gets exponentially cheaper over
               | time, ie Moore's Law, only applies to a portion of the
               | hardware, one the CPU, GPU, RAM, and storage. It doesn't
               | apply to the glue that holds it all together, the
               | integrated display, keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc. In
               | fact, a lot of webcams are actually worse than they were
               | 10 years ago. AND Moore's Law has significantly slowed.
               | Apple Silicon is a big improvement, but this is a step
               | change, and it's not likely to be a continuation of the
               | 18 Month Moore's Law doubling time of years past.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Even if it's not cheaper, the devices aren't really
               | desirable. Most people don't want a desktop, they want
               | mobile devices. Lots of people still use old computers
               | and significant upgrades don't happen in the same
               | generation which is the issue with upgrading Intel CPUs.
               | 
               | x86 isn't what it was, MS made Windows 11 be able to run
               | android apps, consumers don't care about x86 software
               | anymore. That's been true since ChromeOS had been used
               | more often since browsers mattered more than programs
               | that only ran on windows.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | It's funny. I literally just had a long conversation with
               | a fellow researcher still running a laptop from the late
               | 00s, dual booting windows (XP!) and Linux. He is super
               | happy with how reliable and effective it is, plenty of
               | ports without a lot of software cruft. He does a lot of
               | hardware instrumentation interfacing with it.
               | 
               | Do developers typically use ChromeOS to do development? I
               | don't think it can run, say, LabView or Matlab (the
               | latter it MIGHT be able to, with some extra work, but not
               | natively). It's all a pretty big headache to use a device
               | for serious work that is optimized for passive
               | consumption and web browsing and social media. Everything
               | you want to do that isn't in a web browser is a pain.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Yes, they use it for SSH and programming without worrying
               | about taking care of their hardware. Chromebooks aren't a
               | pain, but I doubt your researcher can run those easily
               | either with such old hardware my 1.6ghz atom netbook
               | probably smokes it and still I wouldn't use it for that.
               | 
               | Most people don't need to run those programs, they're
               | niche, and the normal consumer doesn't care.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Right. Chromebooks are somewhere between a full actual
               | laptop and a tablet or phone. Good for _consume_ rs.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | If you can't buy parts from 3rd parties e.g. you can't source
           | chips or connectors etc. on Mouser, then I can't see how this
           | is much different from Apple. Just because manufacturer sells
           | parts themselves (thus avoiding spending money on good repair
           | service), probably won't save you much money considering you
           | will have to spend your own time and make effort to fix it
           | yourself. Nonetheless, any move into more repair friendly
           | product is welcome.
        
             | canadaduane wrote:
             | I agree with your point, but I think it slightly misses the
             | potential and (I believe) intent of Framework: they have
             | opened their design specs and encouraged even DIY
             | participants, making it possible for a cultural movement of
             | innovation & right-to-repair to exist. It reminds me of
             | revered machines like the Commodore 64 that didn't just
             | create hardware (although they did that very well)--they
             | enabled social clubs, the demoscene, and a many hobby
             | programmers and hardware hackers who went on to become
             | professionals.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Opening them doesn't mean it'll be taken up. Everyone had
               | a commandore so there was enthusiasm for it. This is
               | another generic very niche laptop that has no defining
               | benefits over others and so will find it hard to convince
               | anyone to make some niche parts that doesn't have a large
               | install base.
        
               | throwaway946513 wrote:
               | "Very niche laptop" It's largely a laptop aimed at being
               | a general computer, just like a Dell or HP.
               | 
               | With two exceptions: - Freedom of choice over operating
               | system - Freedom of choice over repair components
               | 
               | From the looks of it, there doesn't appear to be much of
               | a detriment to it over other laptops.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | The parts are niche, they don't work anywhere else.
               | Nobody will touch making niche parts for repairing one
               | with a niche marketshare. You don't expect anyone to take
               | up custom parts to a WilyFox phone even though its a much
               | larger marketshare device do you? So why do you think
               | they will for this laptop nobody has? Yes, it's a general
               | computer, nothing unique in computing to choose it over
               | the other.
               | 
               | Dell and HP have plenty of aftermarket parts and don't
               | limit my OS either.
               | 
               | They start at $999 and the base is 8GB, 256GB SSD, with
               | an i5 and you need to wait with a deposit and it only has
               | 1 year of warranty with no strong aftermarket products.
               | None of these are incentivizing for performance, for
               | repairable, or for cost.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | Framework's hardware is entirely open source
             | (https://github.com/FrameworkComputer/ExpansionCards) so
             | you can buy parts from any third-party that wants to
             | produce them.
        
               | liminalsunset wrote:
               | They have open sourced a development toolkit for making
               | expansion card modules but the motherboard itself is not
               | open source. You can, however get schematics if you are a
               | "repair shop", under NDA, however they define that.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | I hope the schematics leak, just like they do for many
               | other laptops.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | That just reminds me of Alienware's open modular GPU
               | cards or the open nanoSD cards from Huawei, both of which
               | are open and nobody wants to make or use in their own
               | products. It's open but there isn't any incentive for
               | anyone else to make some niche parts for a single laptop
               | brand.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | They do have good repair as well. It saves you a ton of
             | money because the devices are so common and the parts are
             | cheap, I don't go to Lenovo.com, I buy some junk devices
             | and take the parts off them.
             | 
             | You're stating effort like it's hard to unscrew a laptop
             | and seat in a new part, which you'll need to do for
             | framework too.
        
         | bastardoperator wrote:
         | Assuming you want to do repair, I have no interest in repairing
         | anything. In fact I'll happily part with my money to not have
         | to deal with repairing stuff. Same applies to my car.
        
           | justin_oaks wrote:
           | Do you have a threshold for this?
           | 
           | I assume that if your laptop wasn't working and all you had
           | to do was take a single screw out then you'd do it, rather
           | than taking it to a repair shop or buy another.
           | 
           | Or if the repair cost was extreme, but it was relatively easy
           | to fix it yourself.
           | 
           | Your point of view is valid of course. At the same time I
           | believe many people don't have sufficient money to allow them
           | the luxury of never repairing anything themselves.
           | 
           | Having hardware that is repairable is rarely a problem for
           | the end-user who doesn't want to repair it themselves. For
           | users who DO want to repair it themselves, having hardware
           | that's designed to be hard to repair is a huge burden.
        
             | aeturnum wrote:
             | There's the old joke about a plumber to charges $100 to fix
             | a hot water heater by hitting it once with a hammer. The
             | home owner, incensed by such a bill for a simple action,
             | demands the plumber justify it. The breakdown is: $1 hammer
             | strike, $99 choosing correct location.
             | 
             | Even a decade ago, the rewards for being able to repair
             | computers were pretty substantial. Your computer was likely
             | to have routine failures and you could probably save a lot
             | of money doing piecemeal replacements. I think those things
             | are still true for people who are trying to stay on the
             | bleeding edge of computer hardware or use unusual setups,
             | but for 95%+ of folks it is probably going to be a net
             | loss.
             | 
             | For most people performing most tasks, they are better off
             | taking the "one-screw" computer into the shop because it
             | would take them hours and hours to do the research figuring
             | out if it really is a "one-screw" problem. If you are wrong
             | you could seriously damage your hardware. In addition,
             | because hardware that is sufficient for most purposes and
             | inexpensive is widely available - there is very limited
             | utility in learning those skills otherwise.
             | 
             | If you want to learn about and repair computers as a hobby
             | that's great! I do it and I enjoy it. But it's not a "smart
             | financial decision."
        
               | bastardoperator wrote:
               | Exactly this. The amount of time, effort, labor, sourcing
               | tools, parts, coupled with education, or making a costly
               | mistake, etc... The warranty or repair person is actually
               | cheaper if you're able to put a price on your time. They
               | also do better work in most cases.
               | 
               | I just leave it to the professionals because it saves me
               | money/time. I have no doubts I could do my own repair but
               | from this vantage point it's just not a sound investment.
        
               | justin_oaks wrote:
               | That's fair enough. Everyone has a different cost/benefit
               | analysis based on their own situation.
               | 
               | Some people have more money than time, some have more
               | time than money. And there are a million other factors
               | too.
        
             | pvarangot wrote:
             | > Do you have a threshold for this?
             | 
             | Not OP but I have a really high threshold for this. I don't
             | want to own a house and rent because of this.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | Hire from taskrabbit. ;)
        
             | minhazm wrote:
             | The problem is knowing what's actually broken in the first
             | place. A friend of mine took their laptop to Geeksquad and
             | they told my friend the power circuit was broken and the
             | motherboard needs replacing. I checked the charger and
             | realized the charger was broken and told them to buy a new
             | one and what do you know it works fine. Most people are
             | generally incapable of figuring out what actually is broken
             | and will go to a repair place anyway. Or if the device is
             | old enough they will just buy a new one. These days devices
             | last a long time if you take care of them physically so by
             | the time something starts failing it's likely already time
             | for an upgrade for most people.
             | 
             | So the actual DIY repairability of laptops just doesn't
             | matter for the vast majority of people. What Framework is
             | doing is awesome amazing though and I hope it does
             | encourage companies to make easier to repair computers to
             | lower the actual cost of repairs.
        
               | justin_oaks wrote:
               | Yes, many people don't know what's broken in the first
               | place.
               | 
               | My minimum threshold for reaching out to a repair
               | technician is 1) the problem must not have a solution
               | that is easily found through an internet search, and 2)
               | the solution must require more time and effort than the
               | time to get it to and from the repair shop.
               | 
               | What saddens me is how few people will do the internet
               | search before giving up.
               | 
               | Yes, I'm tech-savvy so I'm speaking from a position of
               | privilege, but if you're looking for "What's wrong with
               | this thing?" how can you NOT think to search the
               | internet?
        
           | MangoCoffee wrote:
           | I don't want to repair my laptop either but I want to upgrade
           | my laptop a year or two down the line. The modern laptop can
           | go much further with a simple upgrade like RAM or SSD HD.
           | 
           | Apple's laptop is really limited in this way. The older
           | generation of Apple's laptop allowed you to upgrade RAM and
           | HD.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Apple is targeting the population that has no need for
             | upgrades.
             | 
             | Watching videos, browsing internet, sharing pictures and
             | videos, video calling and basic spreadsheet/word processing
             | needs no upgrades.
             | 
             | I use a 2015 MacBook Air and I don't need an upgrade, and I
             | probably do more on my laptop than 80% of people.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > Apple is targeting the population that has no need for
               | upgrades.
               | 
               | And also those who _very frequently_ do backups, because
               | restoring the data from a failed SSD would be
               | problematic.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Time Machine takes hourly backups. Setup consists of
               | selecting a target and checking a box.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Yes, Apple is also probably not targeting the population
               | of people who cannot backup to iCloud and also not backup
               | regularly to a NAS or USB via Time Machine.
        
           | alpaca128 wrote:
           | Harder to repair products are more expensive to repair. This
           | is the main reason Apple locks down everything so much and
           | fights independent repair shops at every corner. Repair
           | monopolies are profitable too.
           | 
           | It doesn't matter whether you want to repair it or not, in
           | the long term you can only lose when you don't care how hard
           | it is to repair.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | You do not actually own a Framework, though. Unlike say a
         | Raptor Talos II -- the only example I know of, albeit not a
         | laptop.
         | 
         | https://community.frame.work/t/free-the-ec-and-coreboot-only...
        
       | loudtieblahblah wrote:
       | Itt: more corporate sycophants a who have reasons for Apple to
       | deny right to repair to their customers
       | 
       | The majority of you work at publicly traded companies and it
       | shows.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Brainwashed propagandists are everywhere. Watch out for them
         | and you may be able to find the truth and the agenda.
        
       | niklasrde wrote:
       | Does that apply to PXE or the Mac equivalent?
       | 
       | I wonder how they will run their diagnistics in the Apple Store
       | if they can't boot their diagnostics tool.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | If they're loading the EFI image off of the SSD, it'd affect
         | that too (unless there's PXE in the bootstrap code, but I
         | seriously doubt it)
        
         | olyjohn wrote:
         | Throw it away and give you a new one?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | qq4 wrote:
       | Bummer. This is solely how I keep alive my old iMac. You know
       | why? Because of the near-impossible-to-replace drive inside of
       | it!
        
       | kevwil wrote:
       | So if a "Standard Backup" contains all your files, but the
       | machine cannot boot because the internal drive has failed, what
       | is the plan forward? $4k for a new laptop and restore from the
       | backup to the new machine? Kinda makes me glad I'm broke.
        
       | aneutron wrote:
       | I get that the memory bandwidth and performance of the SoC is
       | intimately tied to the CPU, GPU and memory being on the same
       | silicon (grossly vulgarizing the approach).
       | 
       | However, there is no reasonable justification (as far as I can
       | tell) for why the SSD would have to be soldered onto the same
       | SoC, and even less reasonable justification for why the iBoot
       | stuff couldn't be located on an EEPROM or something of the sort,
       | like a secondary BIOS/UEFI.
       | 
       | It just boggles my mind why Apple would go so far to limit
       | storage options and even make a straight up bad architectural
       | decision (SSD gone ? You can't boot the 4kEUR machine. What ? You
       | bought it 4 years ago ? Well, tough luck.)
        
         | slownews45 wrote:
         | Does anyone laugh a bit at these types of comments?
         | 
         | Using these "stupid" and "unjustifiable" approaches, apple has
         | delivered highly reliable / fast machines to lots of users.
         | They come with applecare if you want, which gets you walk in
         | fix/replace at their stores.
         | 
         | Note, they've already don't this on iphones - millions shipped.
         | 
         | They are going for as much reliability / speed out of this for
         | the 90%+ of users who are not going in to manually swap out
         | SSDs. They are also huge on part simplification, they probably
         | got rid of the bios flash and are just using the SSD flash.
         | 
         | My own predication, as in many other areas others will COPY
         | this "stupid" design - imitation is the sincerest form of
         | flattery. My guess is others will also stop shipping another
         | set of chargers with everything (again copying apple).
         | 
         | They now also sell indefinite applecare, by getting normal
         | breakage down low enough you can keep apple care as long as you
         | want if you keep paying.
        
           | aneutron wrote:
           | You are arguing without any arguments.
           | 
           | 1) I agree that some integration is intimately tied to how
           | well the machines performs. I also referenced this in my
           | comment. What I don't agree to is the SSD being soldered on.
           | It uses the same PCIe lanes it would use if it was swappable
           | ! As for the "stupid" approach, it really doesn't make much
           | sense to tie the capability of the machine FUNCTIONING to a
           | storage that you cannot change (and that is bound to break
           | eventually from wear & tear, because it's an SSD).
           | 
           | 2) The iPhone are a different story. It's a different
           | requirement all together. You have to fit EVERYTHING in a
           | couple of mm2 of surface. That's a very tough requirement,
           | and everyone understands that you can't have the ability of
           | swapping an SSD and having the portability that the iPhone
           | offers at the same time. The same is simply not true for a
           | professional laptop.
           | 
           | 3) I sincerely don't see how an iBoot-inspired design would
           | replace UEFI anytime soon. The latter is more powerful as far
           | as I can tell (please correct me if I'm wrong).
           | 
           | 4) The "support" plan you're describing is in my eyes
           | extortion. If I can buy an SSD for 100EUR on Amazon, and
           | replace it down the line 5 years from now, it really doesn't
           | compare to paying 200EUR / year for an insurance, when all it
           | covers is bringing your laptop to its original state. A
           | swappable SSD can be expanded down the line when storage gets
           | denser / cheaper.
           | 
           | All-in-all, I do agree and fully support a degree of
           | integration that's backed by technical motives (i.e.
           | Otherwise unattainable performance), but when the motives
           | start turning into more lock-in and sell-up motives, that's
           | where my support ends.
           | 
           | I genuinely do not understand how you could view this as a
           | "good" thing. As for the 90% users who are not going to
           | manually swap out SSDs, it would still be the same ! They
           | won't have to touch them !
        
             | slownews45 wrote:
             | You are not in the business of shipping a million+ devices.
             | 
             | * Any connector is a potential failure point. Generally
             | with a connector you double the connection points (ie, SSD
             | -> Connector -> now soldered to board). So if you are
             | soldering anyways, and can solder to board directly, then
             | you save yourself both a part and a bunch of connection
             | points. This is good news for everything (signal loss,
             | noise / RFI / durability etc). When you warranty and offer
             | applecare on expensive devices, you want these warrenty
             | claims to be low.
             | 
             | * Apple's mode has been to integrate / tighten things up -
             | that is their design philosophy. They are going to
             | integrate as many chips into one as they can (ie, you won't
             | be even able to unsolder a T2 chip because there won't be
             | one). There stuff, again, is meant to be used as an
             | integrated whole, there is no mix / match here.
             | 
             | * They are going to solder memory as well down - you won't
             | be able to replace that either. Then they are going to try
             | and integrate memory into same package as CPU / GPU. I
             | realize this makes folks mad, but it's what they do and
             | it's been very successful for them. I think some of their
             | LPDDR stuff only comes in a solder on format (and M1 is
             | going towards even more integration - I actually like mix
             | and match on my desktops so don't use macs so not following
             | so closely but I know they were thinking of literally not
             | even soldering but integrating fully).
             | 
             | * I saw first hand a number of claims BTW where replacement
             | batteries had been put into macbooks and iphones as part of
             | resales and people then went and complained to apple or
             | about apple online when those batteries had problems. I
             | think even when replaceable, they've added warnings in
             | these cases. But it goes to show the quality in the mix and
             | match department is hit and miss.
             | 
             | Frankly, it's probably 95%+ of their millions / billions of
             | devices that won't get an upgrade. They've done same with
             | airpods, no removable batteries. A ton of companies, again,
             | or COPYING these designs.
        
             | pram wrote:
             | Your assumption is incorrect. The SSD on any Mac with a
             | T2/M1 is not like an NVME SSD you'd pick up from the store.
             | The soldered modules themselves are just NAND storage, the
             | T2/M1 is the actual storage controller. They're literally
             | non-functional otherwise.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | My impression was they were also going to try and move
               | the T2 off being a separate (potentially replaceable)
               | chip and integrate it with the M1 - did that happen yet
               | or still to happen? But one thing you get on a mac is
               | basically hardware level security for the SSD.
               | 
               | Bad news, data recovery will be hard / impossible. Good
               | news, if you sell the thing on pretty unlikely next
               | person will get your data or can remove the "drive" and
               | try to crack it offline. Not sure how imaging a mac drive
               | works these days either?
        
               | DenseComet wrote:
               | Yep on M1 macs there is no T2, it's already been
               | integrated.
        
           | jackorange wrote:
           | Maybe others will also take after apple selling $99 stands
           | and $7 small microfiber cloths.
        
           | somebehemoth wrote:
           | Laughing at other peoples' opinions doesn't make you more
           | correct. Corporations copying each other to increase profit
           | does not prove this is the right thing to do for all users.
        
             | slownews45 wrote:
             | The point is having separate eeproms, separate bios flash
             | memory, separate storage controller in SSD drive etc etc -
             | apple focuses very hard on NOT doing any of that.
             | 
             | They are CONSTANTLY pushing down part counts.
             | 
             | The claim that there is "no reason" for this is ridiculous.
             | There are at least 10 good businesses reasons, from part
             | count / inventory complexity, to assembly time, to
             | durability to get rid of parts, connectors, ribbon cables
             | etc etc.
             | 
             | The best part is no part.
             | 
             | And yes, it makes folks putting in (often crap) replacement
             | parts and reselling things (without disclosure) harder too.
             | Does apple care about that? No. And there is a good
             | business reason for them not to care, their users want a
             | trusted device. Apple brand strength is at record highs.
             | 
             | As speeds scale, bus speeds scale, frankly apple is going
             | to have the advantage if they can tie things in better. At
             | some point you can't run PCI full speed over things like a
             | replaceable cable, the tolerances are too tight (16GT/s
             | etc).
             | 
             | On HN it's like reading of folks who are used to stone
             | blocks, very modular and stackable and replaceable, yes,
             | complain about something like concrete with rebar in it.
             | 
             | You really realize the mentality advantage apple has when
             | you come here. While other companies are dumping tons of
             | parts, connectors, EEPROM flash ships (which BTW can brick
             | the system if the update doesn't work) Apple is
             | streamlining and integrating.
        
       | mlindner wrote:
       | This title is misleading. Apple Silicon Macs can boot from
       | external hard drives just fine. The topic is only about if the
       | drive is failed.
        
         | fishtacos wrote:
         | Title:
         | 
         | "Apple Silicon Macs can't boot from external drive if internal
         | drive failed"
        
       | keymone wrote:
       | i get that their business is at risk, but i've literally never
       | had a macbook disk fail on me in 12 years of dealing with half a
       | dozen laptops (oldest one still in use today). this will get way
       | more attention than it deserves.
        
         | VortexDream wrote:
         | Not sure how this is relevant in any way. I've seen dozens of
         | MacBooks where the hard drive had failed. Not to say that they
         | fail any more than other laptops, but unless Apple has come up
         | with some magical technology that makes their hard drives never
         | fail, this is a terrible, terrible change. Water is wet, the
         | moon circles the earth and hard drives fail (eventually, some
         | sooner than others).
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | are you talking about actual hard drives or ssds though?
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | I've had two sudden, total failures of my 2012 Macbook Air
         | drive: once in warranty where it got replaced, once out of
         | warranty. I have indeed been using a USB3 external SSD drive
         | for the OS ever since. Inconvenient, but it works quite well.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | Unsurprising.
       | 
       | Given the countless times I have warned about the risks of going
       | 'all in' on an Apple Silicon Mac and now they realise.
       | 
       | Good luck with your files if the internal hard drive is dead.
       | Consider creating regular backups otherwise your can say goodbye
       | to your files.
       | 
       | No thanks and absolutely no deal to that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | SamuelAdams wrote:
         | How is this any different than any other computer? If a hard
         | drive fails, recovering data is either impossible or very
         | expensive. Everyone who uses a computer ought to have some sort
         | of backup, either another drive, cloud service, etc.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | Yes, if you have anything of even moderate importance on a
           | computer, not backing up is foolish and _will_ eventually
           | result in loss of data. If plugging in an external drive and
           | letting something like Time Machine or Carbon Copy Cloner run
           | from time to time is too much trouble there 's even options
           | like Backblaze which makes automated incremental backups
           | entirely transparent and effortless. There's no good reason
           | to not backup.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Surely everyone on HN does regular backups of some kind? Most
         | of us probably have two or three different kinds of backups, if
         | I'm to believe what I read here (e.g. I have everything I care
         | about on cloud storage, also backed up by Time Machine, and
         | backed up by Backblaze).
         | 
         | If my MBP fails, I'll walk into the Apple Store and swap for a
         | new one, hook up my TM backup and be back working in an hour or
         | so.
         | 
         | I've always, always assumed that the internal drive can fail at
         | any moment and take every last byte of data with it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Twisell wrote:
         | I can't see any scenario on any hardware in which I would not
         | strongly advise to make regular backups.
         | 
         | Beside theses laptop are designed to be used (if configured so)
         | with full disk encryption using a strong key stored inside a
         | secure enclave on the cpu. If something is amiss the data is
         | lost, they could almost say it's a feature (but they probably
         | won't as is would be seen as a bug by the majority of people
         | hence this thread).
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | I never cared about bootable backups. What is more of a concern
       | is getting data off a non-bootable Mac that has a viable drive,
       | since Apple often replaces the drive as part of servicing.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | Isn't the drive encrypted anyway, with the key in T2?
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Yes. The only real solution is to backup regularly. (And, if
           | you travel, it probably makes sense to regularly copy any
           | critical work in process to an SD card.)
        
             | kitsunesoba wrote:
             | Not backing up regularly is eventual (potentially massive)
             | data loss even with a machine that doesn't have the
             | limitations mentioned in the linked page. It may not be as
             | common but SSD controllers for example can and do fail
             | sometimes, and in that situation no amount of flexibility
             | on the host computer's part is going to save you.
        
         | xuki wrote:
         | The SSD on all new Macs is soldered into the board. If a single
         | component on the board breaks, they replace the whole thing.
        
       | yumraj wrote:
       | So, in other words, it is actually possible to _brick_ an Apple
       | Silicon Mac computer.
       | 
       | Cool!!
        
       | indigomm wrote:
       | I've always treated a laptop as essentially disposable - by which
       | I mean that in no way do I rely on it to store my data. It's the
       | device I use to manipulate data. Not only could it break, it
       | could get stolen or damaged at any time.
       | 
       | The bigger issue is that when the drive breaks, they are
       | essentially unrepairable. The only option is getting Apple to
       | swap out the motherboard with another one. On other devices, I'd
       | just swap an M.2 drive. So it's more of a cost issue.
        
       | api wrote:
       | Sounds like something a software update could fix. Probably a
       | scenario that was never tested.
        
         | nrclark wrote:
         | Maybe or maybe not. It depends a lot on how the chip's boot ROM
         | is designed.
        
         | ketralnis wrote:
         | Intending to support it but never testing it would be a
         | surprise. If I were designing laptop hardware I'd probably
         | spend a lot of time booting it from external media as part of
         | the design process. It would accidentally be the most tested
         | feature of the hardware aside from maybe turning it on.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | You assume it's a bug and not as designed.
        
           | api wrote:
           | If they didn't want people running their own stuff on it,
           | they would have locked it down like an iPad. The fact that
           | they didn't means they wanted it to be possible.
        
       | kennywinker wrote:
       | The only lens I care about these days is the impending climate
       | disaster. Technology like this, that embodies a lot of carbon and
       | has a built-in expiration date, is getting more and more
       | upsetting to me.
       | 
       | I don't need a faster computer, I need air that will still be
       | breathable in 20 years. My next computer will likely be whatever
       | 5-10 year old laptop I can snatch up on it's way to the landfill.
       | It definitely won't be an M1.
        
         | quitit wrote:
         | Landfill and the environment are legitimate concerns.. i'm just
         | gonna quote the website
         | 
         | > The new MacBook Pro has been carefully designed with the
         | environment in mind. The enclosure is now made with 100%
         | recycled aluminum. And we use recycled rare earth elements in
         | all the magnets in the product. MacBook Pro is free of numerous
         | harmful substances and all the virgin wood fiber in our
         | packaging comes from responsibly-managed forests.
         | 
         | Other notable objectives: 1. full carbon neutrality across
         | their supply chain and services by 2030, inclusive of the use
         | of the device. 2. Recycling and refurb program 3. Circular
         | sourcing (e.g reclamation.)
         | 
         | You concerns are valid, but the princess is in another castle.
        
           | kennywinker wrote:
           | That's all fine and good, but once any single component of
           | that block of embodied carbon fails the whole thing is now
           | e-waste. Which means I guess apple is buying up carbon
           | offsets in order to recycle that e-waste back into a new M2
           | or M3 mac? How much faith do you have in carbon offsets? The
           | aluminum and rare earth elements are recycled - what about
           | the rest of it?
           | 
           | A modular design means a failed SSD only sends the SSD - not
           | the entire product - into the waste (recycle?) chain.
        
           | Wingman4l7 wrote:
           | I'm going to call very large amounts of BS on #2 -- Apple
           | devices are infamous in electronics refurbishing circles.
           | Thousands of very functional devices are being scrapped
           | instead of being reused because they are soft-bricked due to
           | never being deregistered from iCloud accounts, for various
           | legitimate reasons that have been discussed ad nauseam (and
           | shouldn't be the responsibility of the end user in any case).
           | 
           | Many solutions have been repeatedly suggested to Apple to
           | mitigate the e-waste damage from this without compromising
           | their supposed dedication to iCloud-locking to prevent theft;
           | they have fallen on deaf ears.
        
             | krrrh wrote:
             | If I take a box of old apple devices and accessories to the
             | Apple Store from any point in the history of the company,
             | they will put them through their own recycling program. A
             | box of old PCs will go to my municipal e-waste program and
             | end up in an incinerator (which is the best case scenario,
             | but we know what happens to e-waste in a lot of
             | jurisdictions).
             | 
             | That iPhone torturing robot [0] that they demoed a few
             | years back may have seemed a bit silly, but I don't think
             | any other electronics manufacturer is concerned about
             | finding a const-effective way of separating the screws from
             | other metals before recycling everything.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Bu-gl7v-P8
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | liminalsunset wrote:
       | General grumpiness about this particular design decision aside,
       | it appears that since the T2 Macs, the main SSD was being used to
       | store core system firmware. On T2 I think it's BridgeOS that
       | sends the EFI image to the Intel side to boot it, and it does the
       | firmware verification and loading.
       | 
       | This setup has a benefit; namely, it is now impossible to brick
       | the system with a bad BIOS/EFI flash, and you'll never need to
       | use a hardware SPI flasher to recover. Just like the iPhone, you
       | can enter Boot ROM DFU mode, which can't easily be overwritten,
       | and restore all of the firmware on the system that's writable.
       | 
       | This is great for restoring systems to a known good firmware
       | state, including SSD, EFI, BridgeOS, RecoveryOS. On a normal
       | system, there is plenty of non volatile storage that is difficult
       | to recover or reset.
       | 
       | The primary argument against soldering the SSD, or really any
       | other part, down like this tends to be that "Oh, now you can't
       | just save money by upgrading it yourself|replacing it when it
       | breaks". On the other side, these machines are engineered as
       | appliances that should achieve a certain degree of reliability.
       | The SSD is reasonably considered to last the "lifetime" of the
       | product, and should it fail, I don't consider the inability to
       | externally boot to be a huge problem, since whatever failure
       | damaged the SSD is statistically likely to compromise the
       | reliability of the rest of the board. Any failure is grounds for
       | "rework" of the board on a hardware level if necessary,up to and
       | including repair/replacement of the onboard flash, and not just a
       | simple workaround in my opinion. Note that they don't force you
       | to actually USE the internal SSD - you can still netboot or USB
       | boot I think. It just has to work.
       | 
       | Trivia: -At least on T2 systems, the flash memory itself (the
       | NAND chips) on the mainboard can actually be swapped between
       | units after a DFU restore by unsoldering them and transferring
       | them.
       | 
       | The person that did this on YouTube notes that a common reason
       | for SSD failure on T2 machines is due to SSD power regulator
       | circuitry being located close to the intake vents on the side of
       | the MacBook Pro. They recommend that users of these machines open
       | them and clean the dust out often, since dust buildup on the
       | actual power regulator combined with moisture sometimes causes a
       | short circuit, sending high voltage to the SSD and damaging it.
       | 
       | This kind of failure (high voltage parts close to low voltage
       | ones, close to liquid damage prone areas, without any
       | underfilling) is documented by Louis Rossmann. It is, however,
       | not always feasible or possible to entirely prevent.
        
         | wpearse wrote:
         | > it is now impossible to brick the system with a bad BIOS/EFI
         | flash
         | 
         | I had to flash the T2 to do a Bug Sur update on my 2018 Mac
         | Mini a couple weeks ago. The flash failed and bricked the
         | machine.
         | 
         | Sent the machine in for service and the entire logic board was
         | replaced under warranty, the machine was at least 2 years out
         | of warranty as far as I know. This makes me think failed
         | flashes are a known issue?
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> whatever failure damaged the SSD is statistically likely to
         | compromise the reliability of the rest of the board_
         | 
         | Sorry, but how? That's just reads like BS.
         | 
         | SSDs have limited lifespans due to the limited write cycles of
         | the NAND chips. So no, what damages NAND does not damage the
         | rest of the board. The more you write and swap to flash, the
         | faster it wears out, taking your Macbook down with it when it
         | dies.
         | 
         | Granted, I expect the controller to keep moving your data
         | around to the cells with the least ammount of wear and isolate
         | the ones that have worn out, reducing your storage space and
         | speed of the drive over time.
        
           | wtallis wrote:
           | In practice, exhausting NAND write endurance is usually not
           | what causes SSDs to fail in the field. It is especially
           | unlikely to be the underlying cause of unexpected and
           | seemingly premature catastrophic SSD failure.
           | 
           | Also, it is not possible for an SSD to decrease your usable
           | storage space over time. That would break any partition table
           | format or filesystem that expects an ordinary block device.
           | It also wouldn't win you any significant increase unusable
           | lifespan, because when your drive starts retiring large
           | numbers of blocks, _all_ of your blocks are on the verge of
           | failure. (Though keep in mind that  "failure" here is defined
           | as "only able to retain data for one year" for consumer
           | SSDs).
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> It also wouldn't win you any significant increase
             | unusable lifespan, because when your drive starts retiring
             | large numbers of blocks, all of your blocks are on the
             | verge of failure.
             | 
             | That's not true. Blocks degrade when written to. Most files
             | are written once and read many times.
        
               | slaymaker1907 wrote:
               | You're forgetting that SSDs use virtual addressing so
               | writes are distributed relatively equally over the whole
               | drive. Even data that is written once and never changed
               | logically will probably move around on the SSD due to
               | garbage collection. The virtualization algorithms are
               | kept relatively secret, but I assume good SSDs will move
               | full unchanged blocks around occasionally to distribute
               | write load more equally on the physical blocks.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | Yep, wear leveling actually works. On some SSDs, there
               | are SMART indicators to tell you the average, max and min
               | block erase counts, so you can see for yourself that the
               | erase counts are all about the same across the entire
               | drive.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | >> I assume good SSDs will move full unchanged blocks
               | around occasionally to distribute write load more equally
               | on the physical blocks.
               | 
               | I hadn't considered that. Make sense. Better to move
               | never-changing data to blocks that are still good but not
               | worn out so those available writes can be utilized.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | > Also, it is not possible for an SSD to decrease your
             | usable storage space over time.
             | 
             | It totally _could_ be possible. For Windows /Linux, you
             | could have a daemon that creates a 'ssd_wear' file which
             | grows in size as the SSD wears out, and messages to the SSD
             | which physical blocks it occupies. Mac could obviously do a
             | deeper integration directly into the OS.
             | 
             | > all of your blocks are on the verge of failure
             | 
             | A failed block still stores some information (in an
             | information entropy sense). It's totally possible to store
             | one blocks worth of information across two, four, or eight
             | failed blocks (with extra error correction information).
             | 
             | Combining these two techniques, an SSD should never fail.
             | Instead it slows down and gets smaller. Sadly as far as I'm
             | aware, no consumer drive vendor has implemented these.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | I used to work on SSD firmware. I did implement something
               | like the above for a custom solution for caching. When
               | the flash storage is running low on space, it reduced the
               | reported storage capacity and notifies the host which
               | will need to trim some data to bring it below the
               | reported storage capacity. The striping of data across
               | multiple blocks also has been implemented. You could fail
               | an entire NAND die and it would still function though a
               | little slower assuming you still have enough spare
               | blocks.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | You should read up on Zoned Storage for NVMe SSDs, and
               | some of the more recently added error handling features
               | like Get LBA Status. The gist is that it is only
               | practical for the SSD to be in charge of determining what
               | has failed-not the host, and that retrofitting NAND
               | retirement into the traditional block device/LBA model is
               | not worth the trouble when there are also other reasons
               | to migrate to a different, more flash-friendly
               | abstraction.
        
             | ooboe wrote:
             | https://tesla-info.com/blog/tesla-mcu1-emmc-failure.php
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | Do you have a point? Linking to a story about an embedded
               | system that experiences flash wearout is not really
               | relevant here. You're trying to make a comparison against
               | a far smaller and lower-quality storage module than
               | typical consumer SSDs, subjected to a vastly different
               | workload. There are no useful conclusions to draw about
               | consumer PCs from that case.
        
             | azalemeth wrote:
             | > It is especially unlikely to be the underlying cause of
             | unexpected and seemingly premature catastrophic SSD
             | failure.
             | 
             | One of my graduate students experienced this, the hard way:
             | writing up his thesis, his mum plugged in "the wrong USB C"
             | charger. I don't know exactly what happened, but the board
             | was utterly fried. The problem with the soldered-to-the-
             | motherboard, everything-utterly-encrypted approach is that
             | it's _almost impossible_ to do data recovery. On the M1+
             | models, you literally can 't do anything _except_ semi-fix
             | the motherboard as the flash and its controllers are
             | integrated and the keys are cryptographically securely
             | stored. This video [1] shows what data recovery is really
             | like -- I don 't often link to YT videos, but it is an hour
             | long, involves an awful lot of BGA de-balling and re-
             | balling and the scouring of spare chips from other donor
             | dead machines, as Apple doesn't let manufacturers sell the
             | chips separately and datasheets are all NDA'd.
             | 
             | We're very much in the part of the curve where you'd need a
             | lab and a lot of _serious_ work to get data off these
             | things without either sacrificial macs or luck (e.g. one
             | blow voltage regulator). Of course, the flip side of this
             | is that _your data is really, really secure_. You just have
             | to be _damn_ sure that you back it up correctly.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=110x5rMHCIw
        
               | donkeyd wrote:
               | > soldered-to-the-motherboard, everything-utterly-
               | encrypted approach is that it's almost impossible to do
               | data recovery
               | 
               | Well, that's kind of the point.
               | 
               | > You just have to be damn sure that you back it up
               | correctly.
               | 
               | Exactly. And that's as easy as plugging in an external
               | hard drive occasionally, or storing critical files in the
               | cloud.
        
               | CelestialTeapot wrote:
               | >> soldered-to-the-motherboard, everything-utterly-
               | encrypted approach is that it's almost impossible to do
               | data recovery
               | 
               | >Well, that's kind of the point.
               | 
               | Not that I don't appreciate a security-minded platform,
               | it just seems overkill for 99% of the people who'll
               | purchase them, and do nothing but cause heartache when
               | the internal SSD fails. And fail they do. it's rare, but
               | I've had several SSDs (Toshiba and Crucial, if it
               | matters) fail within 1-2 years of moderate usage. No
               | warning there was an issue, the drives just disappeared
               | one day and I was left looking for backups.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | > 99% of the people
               | 
               | I think you underestimate this number. Most businesses
               | are going to want security/encryption over ability to
               | recover data to prevent leaking secrets in the case of a
               | lost/stolen laptop.
               | 
               | as for everyone else, backups really need to become the
               | norm for everyone because as you say any HDD/SSD can fail
               | for any reason anytime beyond any possible recovery apple
               | laptop or not.
        
               | notriddle wrote:
               | > Not that I don't appreciate a security-minded platform,
               | it just seems overkill for 99% of the people who'll
               | purchase them
               | 
               | No man is an island. If my mom is insecure, then all the
               | messages I sent her are leaked, too, no matter how secure
               | I try to be. If my boss is insecure, then I'm even worse
               | off than that.
               | 
               | Also, if high-security stuff is normalized, then you
               | don't wind up stuck in a place where you have to choose
               | between "the secure option" and "the option that can
               | actually run the apps I need." E2E encrypting the whole
               | world is also the best defense against the government
               | passing laws that make E2E encryption illegal.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > > soldered-to-the-motherboard, everything-utterly-
               | encrypted approach is that it's almost impossible to do
               | data recovery
               | 
               | > Well, that's kind of the point.
               | 
               | Great; how do we opt out?
        
               | Heliosmaster wrote:
               | with different machines? The framework laptop doesn't
               | work this way, afaik
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Too bad i switched to Mac OS from Linux. The OS matters
               | to me and OS X is still the least annoying.
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | Back it up to some cloud vendor that also holds the
               | encryption keys... Brilliant bit of security there...
               | 
               | /s
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | If you don't want that, back it up to a cloud service
               | that doesn't hold the encryption keys. Eg, use tarsnap.
               | It's your computer and your data.
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | Thanks, I don't remember trying tarsnap. I use
               | $OTHERBIGVENDOR and its been sticky, because I have ~60T
               | of large files (miniDV .mpg captures/4k video/etc) mixed
               | with an insane number of .5k files from git repos/etc.
               | 
               | That combination has broken just about every modern cloud
               | backup application I've tried to use over the ~10 years
               | that meets a short list of minimal features I require
               | (locally stored encryption keys for one). It actually
               | breaks $OTHERBIGVENDOR in its default configuration as
               | well, but I've collected a pile of tweaks/etc that keep
               | it functional although I've managed at one point to cause
               | my account to go into a reindexing mode on the servers
               | that didn't complete for months too.
               | 
               | So, maybe at some point. I've got some experience in the
               | space :) and I've considered writing my own when I
               | eventually give up on $OTHERBIGVENDOR. So many of them
               | are written in "modern" languages and the clients are
               | outrageously slow, or get exponentially slower as the
               | data set grows.
               | 
               | I've looked at tarsnap in passing in the past, but
               | haven't gotten around to trying it because from their
               | description of what appears to be a traditional
               | referenced counted global dedupe. I suspected it of
               | having problems when the hash map need to track 50T+
               | unique hashes from all those video files across backups.
               | 
               | PS: That doesn't mean there aren't good tools, my local
               | backups are via rsnapshot to an offline USB+RAID I plug
               | in once in a while.
        
               | thefz wrote:
               | > or storing critical files in the cloud. No. I refuse to
               | let my vacation photos, hard drive images or hell, even
               | my wallpaper collection to leave my house. No. I refuse.
               | My data is my data.
        
               | chaoskanzlerin wrote:
               | Nothing stopping you from putting NextCloud on a
               | Raspberry Pi
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | I don't know about the mac, but I tried to do this for
               | the wife/kids i-devices, and it was an utter failure. 3rd
               | party backup apps are at a huge disadvantage on ios
               | because apparently they can't run in the background long
               | enough to keep things synced unless they also require
               | _GPS_ service notifications (or at least that is how the
               | nextcloud app works around it). Which in turn eats even
               | more battery to work around ios's inability to flag apps
               | as trusted system services and provide extra
               | warnings/whatever during install (or app store acceptance
               | might be a better plan).
        
               | robertoandred wrote:
               | What if your house burns down?
        
               | donkeyd wrote:
               | > or
               | 
               | There was another simple option. You're free to use that
               | one.
        
               | notimetorelax wrote:
               | These days I don't understand why people don't sync their
               | important files to cloud. Dropbox has a free layer that's
               | perfectly fit for a theses.
        
               | Chocola wrote:
               | Maybe because not everyone likes to share their most
               | important files with a third party? Or because of
               | providers scanning files or stuff like:
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-fbi-icloud-
               | exclusiv...
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | If you seriously consider a state actor to be a threat,
               | then you likely make many other compromises to your
               | ability to conveniently perform disaster recovery.
               | 
               | There is not much overlap between these use-cases:
               | 
               | * I need an easy way to recover my family pictures
               | because I didn't make backups
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | * I have state actors interested in my data
               | 
               | If you really have state actor threats, you probably
               | _like_ that M1 Macs are very hard to perform data-
               | recovery from.
        
               | Chocola wrote:
               | If you are a state actor you probably love M1 Macs. You
               | literally can't restore them without phoning home.
               | 
               | Everone should consider state actors as a threat because
               | they are. They maybe are not specifically after you. But
               | every now and then some big box gets popped leaking all
               | kinds of personal information (including yours) and the
               | actors are probably state sponsored. Also it is not state
               | actors scanning your data, many cloud providers do so.
               | 
               | If you have a state actor as threat model you probably
               | want to remove iCloud backups (see link):
               | 
               | "Apple's iCloud, on the other hand, can be searched in
               | secret. In the first half of last year, the period
               | covered by Apple's most recent semiannual transparency
               | report on requests for data it receives from government
               | agencies, U.S. authorities armed with regular court
               | papers asked for and obtained full device backups or
               | other iCloud content in 1,568 cases, covering about 6,000
               | accounts."
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Your concerns are not unfounded, but there is a very
               | significant functional difference between being generally
               | concerned about data privacy posed by any third-party bad
               | actor, and having a threat profile that includes specific
               | state actor threats.
               | 
               | If you think it is a realistic scenario that the US would
               | serve a warrant against you, then yes, your iCloud backup
               | will probably be disclosed to the authorities. But if
               | this is a real concern of yours, then you probably have
               | much bigger things to worry about than whether your SSD
               | is soldered to the board or not.
        
               | notimetorelax wrote:
               | That's fair but if someone is concerned about it they
               | should invest into backups. It's unconscionable to
               | entrust days of someone's work to a single device.
        
               | stocknoob wrote:
               | Seriously. It's 2021, you should have a remote backup.
               | Use backblaze, tarsnap, anything. SSD failure is one of a
               | thousand ways you can lose access to files on your
               | laptop.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > You just have to be damn sure that you back it up
               | correctly.
               | 
               | Most somewhat serious NAS appliances offer being a
               | TimeMachine server which is more than enough for most
               | people.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | How many SSDs have you worn out? I've never managed it.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I've had hundreds of enterprise SSDs fail on my servers,
             | but only a couple had any pre-failure indicators in SMART,
             | including write volume which was pretty low. The post-
             | failure indicator was almost consistently no longer visible
             | through the disk controller.
             | 
             | Failure rate was much less than enterprise spinning disks,
             | but at least with the spinners failed, you could still see
             | them and get most of the data off, if you needed to. And
             | they had reliable pre-failure indications.
             | 
             | TLDR: take regular backups and plan for storage to fail
             | (which for soldered storage means plan to get a new device,
             | I guess)
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | If your running that big of a shop, I would call your
               | channel partner/support group and bitch until they figure
               | out whats failing. The usual expected failure modes for
               | SSD's should be that they go into read only mode. If that
               | isn't happening its either a firmware bug (probably) or a
               | controller/vr failure which could be a process/heat/etc
               | type of failure.
               | 
               | Particularly for "enterprise" equipment the expectations
               | isn't that it fails, but that the failures are more
               | graceful and understood.
               | 
               | So complain... that is why your paying the "enterprise"
               | tax.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | Apple SSD module failures on portable Macs are quite
             | common. A buddy has a computer repair shop and they do
             | brisk business replacing them. Mine failed about 5 years
             | in.
             | 
             | SSDs are wear items. Especially when they're quite full, it
             | is very easy to blow through spare writes and brick the
             | drive.
        
               | jbverschoor wrote:
               | There was a problem with some of the SSDs where they
               | corrupt themselves on powerloss.
               | 
               | That's a totally different reason, and afaik, they should
               | be using proper caps to let the controller write/flush
               | their buffers.
               | 
               | My last MacBook Pro was 7 years old, almost always full,
               | and still works fine. Granted I'm not a video editor, but
               | I had quite some write cycles.
        
               | floatingatoll wrote:
               | Did those modules fail readonly, and the SMART data
               | showed that their write limit had been reached?
               | 
               | Or did the entire module electronically fail, as distinct
               | from the SSD "no more writes" case?
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | One, small capacity X limited cycles = short life span.
        
           | webmobdev wrote:
           | > That's just reads like BS.
           | 
           | Because it partly is. It's just a lame defence /
           | justification of soldering SSD, RAM and other parts, the
           | major advantage of which is to make modern electronics more
           | complex, hard to repair and prevent upgrades (i.e. "planned
           | obsolescence"). If SSDs were reliable beyond 5+ years,
           | manufacturers would be highlighting that and even offering
           | guarantees for such a period. (Hell, most RAM today come with
           | "lifetime" guarantees, even though RAM modules too fail
           | occasionally).
           | 
           | The modular design for computer hardware was chosen for a
           | practical reason - that hardware can, and do fail. While
           | electronic manufacturing has advanced a lot, minimizing
           | failure rates to a great extent, the pros of replaceable
           | modules absolutely still outweigh any of the alternative
           | hardware designs so far.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Except soldering everything on can give you HUGE
             | performance boosts. Like, laptops come with soldered-on RAM
             | that you can't get in a DIMM configuration because the
             | soldered on stuff is so fast it needs a fast path to the
             | CPU, which DIMM slots can't provide. And now with Apple
             | building all system RAM directly into the chip die, it's
             | just a whole new ballgame.
             | 
             | So you can either go modular and have a slow PC, or you can
             | have decent performance and just accept that everything is
             | going to be soldered on and irreplaceable.
        
               | alpaca128 wrote:
               | This argument doesn't work with Apple. They built laptops
               | that could literally just use 50% of their CPU because of
               | insufficient cooling. Not too long ago they released a
               | Macbook with a CPU cooler that doesn't even have direct
               | contact with the CPU. And when LTT modded the cooler to
               | fix it they realised the performance was still not better
               | because the power delivery is insufficient as well.
               | 
               | Also our PCs are not slow, modular or not. In many cases
               | hardware is not the bottleneck.
        
               | inb4_cancelled wrote:
               | Maybe that CPU cooler wasn't really a CPU cooler after
               | all, if it didn't have direct contact with the CPU.
               | 
               | Maybe the fan was more of a case fan and it simply ran
               | air through the whole machine INCLUDING the CPU heatsink,
               | which is AFAIK exactly how it worked.
        
               | CelestialTeapot wrote:
               | Sorry, what? Citation please. The speed lost moving a
               | DIMM from a 3cm path-to-CPU to a removable DIMM slot 6cm
               | away is infinitesimal. You would not notice it.
        
               | brokenmachine wrote:
               | I've read that nowadays because they effectively have
               | 8-channel or 16-channel RAM, there would just be too many
               | connections to make them removable.
               | 
               | Imagine 8 DIMMs next to each other, and then fitting that
               | into a laptop form factor.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | For laptops, soldered vs socketed DRAM is mostly about
               | power, not performance. But it is true that soldering
               | DRAM makes it possible to reach higher bus speeds than
               | are practical to achieve through a DIMM slot; this is why
               | GPUs don't have upgradable RAM.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | The speed lost due to distance would be infinitesimal,
               | but is that the only speed loss there would be? I'd
               | expect that parasitic inductance and parasitic
               | capacitance would be higher in a socketed system which
               | would impose speed limits.
        
           | rvz wrote:
           | > So no, what damages NAND does not damage the rest of the
           | board. The more you write and swap to flash, the faster it
           | wears out, taking your Macbook down with it when it dies.
           | 
           | Except as explained by the parent, when the SSD dies on an
           | Intel Mac it can be recovered via Internet Recovery via EFI.
           | 
           | Only way to brick that it is to have a bad flash onto the EFI
           | ROM.
           | 
           | On Apple Silicon when the SSD dies, it cannot be recovered as
           | the firmware is also on the SSD and remains bricked which
           | that is that.
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | I think you are using old information. Any modern SSD should
           | be good for a few hundred to several hundred TB and may reach
           | a PB. It would be very hard to use a personal computer that
           | heavily. Most people would take 20 years or more.
        
             | ApolloRising wrote:
             | Video editors have workloads that can write a ton for each
             | project in 4k and 8k resolutions, if its pro res even more.
             | First thing they do is grab the largest fastest storage
             | they can work off externally.
        
               | filmgirlcw wrote:
               | Right -- but work externally is key here. Sure, you often
               | have some stuff you'll do locally, but having external
               | disk arrays is the name of the game if you're doing large
               | volumes of video, not just because you want to be able to
               | have a backup if your internal dies, but because lots of
               | other people often touch your stuff and it just fits a
               | workflow better to use fast networked storage when
               | possible.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | That _is_ a fairly write-heavy use case. But SSD
               | endurance is measured in drive writes per day (over a
               | typically 5-year warranty period). Rewriting the entire
               | contents of your drive every workday for 2.5 years is
               | only enough to put a typical consumer SSD out of
               | warranty; actual failure due to write endurance will come
               | much later.
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | "Any modern SSD should be good for a few hundred to several
             | hundred TB and may reach a PB."
             | 
             | Actually, even more than that - here are some examples:[1]
             | 
             | Intel SSDSC2KB019TZ01 ("S4520") with 8.8 PB of lifetime
             | writes
             | 
             | Intel SSDSC2KB019T801 ("S4510") with 7.1 PB of lifetime
             | writes
             | 
             | Seagate ZA1920NM10001 ("Ironwolf[2] 110") with 3.5 PB of
             | lifetime writes [2]
             | 
             | Samsung MZ-76P2T0BW ("860 PRO") with 2.4 PB of lifetime
             | writes
             | 
             | [1] https://www.rsync.net/resources/notes/2021-q3-rsync.net
             | _tech...
             | 
             | [2] https://twitter.com/rsyncnet/status/1402397708329967618
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | That's not how SSD wear works because nobody completely
             | writes to their SSD, erases it, and writes again.
             | 
             | You can't wear-level against blocks that are in use, only
             | blocks that are free.
             | 
             | If every person I've helped socially and professionally is
             | any indication, people keep their storage anywhere between
             | 80% and 95% full.
             | 
             | At 95% full, all your write cycles are focused on just 5%
             | (plus spare provisioned blocks.)
             | 
             | Think about how browsers consume all available memory and
             | then readily push the system into using a lot of swap. I
             | have to restart my browser regularly because of how much
             | ram it uses even if I've closed every tab.
             | 
             | Think about how whole-system file content indexing is the
             | norm, and all the write operations that occur every time a
             | file is added or updated.
             | 
             | Think about how a lot of applications are just electron
             | apps and they routinely update themselves.
             | 
             | Think about all the filesystem metadata changes.
             | 
             | Etc.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | > You can't wear-level against blocks that are in use,
               | only blocks that are free.
               | 
               | It only takes a bit of arithmetic to prove that this
               | cannot possibly be true, or else all of those 95%-full
               | drives would have long since failed, and QLC SSDs would
               | have been a disaster and never would have been adopted by
               | system OEMs that provide multi-year warranties. (And if
               | it were true, then SSDs prior to TRIM wouldn't have been
               | viable.)
               | 
               | You _can_ include static data in wear leveling, and all
               | SSDs do. It does lead to some write amplification, but
               | that 's already factored in to a drive's endurance specs.
        
               | 1123581321 wrote:
               | I did not say SSD wear works that way. All of that is
               | factored into the usage I cited---swap, system writes,
               | etc. do not wear the drive as much as you appear to think
               | for most users.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | You're forgetting swap. Not to mention professionals in
             | domains like photography, design, video, etc. who might
             | chew through big files frequently.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > You're forgetting swap.
               | 
               | 8 Gb should be enough for everyone :)
        
               | rangoon626 wrote:
               | Yes. Don't RAM-max at your own peril.
        
               | 1123581321 wrote:
               | Swap and other system activity is factored. Most heavy
               | workloads wear other parts of the system as well. As
               | another user pointed out, truly heavy storage and scratch
               | system based workloads want to use large externals
               | anyway, for other reasons.
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | I finished the life of a SSD in a single year of regular
             | use; it was great to find it should not happen, but it did.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | What drive? What was the end of life behavior you
               | observed? Catastrophic failure, or SMART data showing
               | wearout?
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | Not the parent but I had this happen to me. It was a top
               | of the line Samsung SSD at the time. Catastrophic
               | failure. Was working fine then one day I rebooted and it
               | never came back. I usually plan for failure of each drive
               | every 2-3 years and buy them on Black Friday. But if that
               | took out my entire 3.5k-4k m1 max laptop I'd be rather
               | disappointed. It's $200 to replace a SSD.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | So, that failure mode makes it pretty much impossible to
               | conclusively attribute it to wearing out the NAND write
               | endurance. You probably hit a firmware bug or failure in
               | a different SSD component, otherwise you would most
               | likely have been getting warnings from your OS about
               | impending drive failure based on SMART data.
               | 
               | SSD wrote endurance _is_ an unavoidable ticking time
               | bomb. But it is nowhere near as unpredictable or imminent
               | as many people assume. It 's a failure mode that doesn't
               | sneak up on you, and usually takes real effort to
               | trigger. Other failure mechanisms are much more
               | important.
        
           | xondono wrote:
           | Limited write cycles will produce data corruption, but what
           | the article explains is that Apple is using the Flash in M1
           | macs in a similar way to other ARM devices, that is, they
           | have the firmware there.
           | 
           | I don't know how much time do you expect your mac to last,
           | but write cycles _on your firmware_ should not be much of a
           | concern.
        
             | exikyut wrote:
             | Right, but I get the impression that the firmware vies for
             | space with the rest of / et al.
             | 
             | Sooo that means the wear leveling had better be ahead of
             | whatever lifetime writes you throw at the system, or...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | that's true, but it's far more likely for the mainboard to
           | get soaked/smashed than the NAND running out of write cycles.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Heh, I wrote pretty much exactly the same thing, should have
           | read all the comments first.
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Lol, bad flash recovery has been solved a long time ago without
         | retarded side effects like _not being able to boot off an
         | external drive_.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | This seems like a failure on a part of M1 systems rather than
         | the T2 chip. I have an intel Macbook Air with the T2 chip for
         | touchid, and I have a bootcamp partition that I boot off of via
         | an external ssd over usb3 no problem.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | The article is only saying if the internal drive fails, you
           | can't boot off an external drive, not that you can't boot off
           | an external drive at all.
        
           | liminalsunset wrote:
           | I think the article is talking about when the internal drive
           | is physically damaged/not working, and not just simple USB
           | booting. USB booting is definitely supported on M1 Macs since
           | I did it last week, but I don't have a machine with an
           | actually broken SSD to test with.
           | 
           | It can be observed that even T2 systems will fail to power up
           | the Intel CPU system if the BridgeOS cannot be read properly.
           | The system will only power up the T2 until it is reflashed
           | through Apple Configurator.
        
           | concinds wrote:
           | Note that AS Macs still support external boot, just not when
           | the internal drive is dead, since booting relies on the iBoot
           | volume stored on the internal drive.
        
         | throw3849 wrote:
         | >> The primary argument against soldering the SSD, or really
         | any other part, down like this tends to be that "Oh, now you
         | can't just save money by upgrading it yourself|replacing it
         | when it breaks
         | 
         | Are you trolling? The primary argument is data recovery.
         | Anything on laptop can die: charging port, motherboard... With
         | soldered ssd your data are gone! You need to resolder SSD into
         | exact same machine type, it may take 5 weeks if you are lucky!
         | 
         | It takes 5 minutes to swap normal SSD into new machine and
         | reboot! Maybe 1 hour if you have to go into shop!
        
           | djrogers wrote:
           | Given that the encryption keys for the SSD are stored in the
           | Secure Enclave, moving the SSD elsewhere wouldn't do you any
           | good anyway.
        
             | throw3849 wrote:
             | I think that can be disabled, or encryption key exported
             | for backup.
             | 
             | Anyway, it is stupid argument. It is like saying car does
             | not need spare tire, because wheels are welded to save 10
             | ounces on bolts.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | ...and that's the second problem they created.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Disaster recovery is not a backup, nor should it
               | supersede physical security in importance. Time Machine
               | solves all of these problems.
        
           | jdminhbg wrote:
           | I don't see how data recovery is an issue. You should be
           | backing up off-site and locally anyway. Why would you
           | optimize for the specific case of most of the laptop dying
           | but not the SSD? It's more likely your laptop will get stolen
           | or lost or dunked in water or burned in a fire. The soldering
           | will make no difference in that case. Use backups.
        
         | lostgame wrote:
         | >> and should it fail, I don't consider the inability to
         | externally boot to be a huge problem
         | 
         | ...the flying fuck?!
         | 
         | I stopped reading here. I was all for your comment until I
         | heard this nonsense.
         | 
         | ...in what world is this acceptable? What computer have you
         | personally purchased between 1980-2010 that could not have had
         | this core essential part simply replaced if it did not function
         | correctly?
         | 
         | I'm not sorry for complaining; either. I've been used to the
         | $2k-4k machines I invest in to have replaceable parts that I
         | can fix in the city or town (that may not have an Apple Store)
         | I am in without any excess effort or extended time.
         | 
         | This has been the standard for decades. It is not unreasonable
         | to ask for an offering from this company whom I've almost
         | exclusively purchased hardware from for more than 15 years.
         | 
         | It's a fucking _huge_ deal if I can't simply boot from an
         | external drive if my main one doesn't work - mainly because the
         | internal one _can't be replaced_!
         | 
         | I mean; I get defending Apple - I'm in their camp - but this is
         | just absolute nonsense. Yes. That's a _huge_ fucking deal. A
         | deal-breaker; even.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | I don't see why maintaining past expectations is such an
           | important design consideration as you're making it out to be.
           | Expectations change as needs change. Do you still expect to
           | be able to replace your BIOS flash chip, or the controller on
           | your HDD?
           | 
           | Furthermore, do you really believe it's a realistic scenario
           | that a customer would be buying a top-of-the-line flagship
           | device for which portability is a main selling feature, only
           | to be carrying around some aftermarket storage everywhere to
           | boot it with when it begins to fail?
        
             | dev_tty01 wrote:
             | I want to get my job done! When I have had a drive fail in
             | the past, I boot off my periodic clone drive and keep
             | going. With the no external boot scenario, I have to keep a
             | backup _computer_ rather than a backup _drive_.
             | 
             | I don't travel constantly, just occasionally. I am
             | typically close to my external clone. If I was going to be
             | on extended travel, yes, I would bring the external clone
             | SSD with me.
        
         | whywhywhywhy wrote:
         | This seems absurd to me, yeah ok the SSD failing could be
         | indicative of a bigger issue. But also now if any single
         | component required to boot the machine fails then I also lose
         | my data.
         | 
         | We've turned several potential failure points resulting in data
         | loss into almost every component on the board failing resulting
         | in data loss.
         | 
         | We all know how much they charge for a full board replacement
         | though and why this change will reflect well in Tim Cook's
         | charts.
        
         | throwaway2048 wrote:
         | >This setup has a benefit; namely, it is now impossible to
         | brick the system with a bad BIOS/EFI flash
         | 
         | It is now however possible to brick the system with a failed
         | disk drive, which is vastly more likely
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | > The SSD is reasonably considered to last the "lifetime" of
         | the product
         | 
         | Except for simply running of out drive space.
         | 
         | So if you want to buy something and have it last 5+ years you
         | need to spec it out from the start to have way more drive space
         | than you think you'll ever use.
         | 
         | Or else when it runs out and you really need that extra space
         | you're forced to upgrade everything in order to get the extra
         | space since you made an initial mistake in specing out the
         | machine when you first bought it.
         | 
         | (I also strongly question the idea that un-removability
         | provides much better lifetime over simply removing the spinning
         | parts. That seems of questionable benefit to the end user,
         | while taking upgradability away creates planned obsolescence
         | that increases someone's financial metrics at apple and takes
         | away consumer freedom).
        
           | filmgirlcw wrote:
           | Yup. I just got a M1 Max with the 32-core GPU, 64GB of RAM,
           | etc. The only area I cheaped out, relatively speaking, was
           | with storage. Where I kept it at 1TB. I sort of regret this
           | now (despite having a 2TB SSD in my iMac, a 2TB SSD in my
           | gaming PC, several 1TB external SSDs, and a NAS with 24TB all
           | in my home), but after spending over $4300 with tax/Apple
           | Care, I just couldn't stomach a $400 upsell. But I spent
           | $4300 in the hopes that this will be a five year laptop. I
           | think I'll be fine as far as storage goes, since so much of
           | what I do is on clouds anyway, but I am already having minor
           | "what if" pangs, since I can't upgrade the SSD.
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | > Except for simply running of out drive space.
           | 
           | > So if you want to buy something and have it last 5+ years
           | you need to spec it out from the start to have way more drive
           | space than you think you'll ever use.
           | 
           | Yup. When I bought my MBP M1 2020, I foolishly went with
           | 256GB of storage.
           | 
           | Installed Xcode and that was like 15GB of available storage
           | space gone right then and there. The simulators take another
           | few GB on top of that.
           | 
           | Add to that all of the other software that I use, another
           | significant portion of storage space is taken.
           | 
           | And with my own files on top, I routinely have only about
           | 10-15 GB of available space out of the 256 GB, which is quite
           | annoying. And it also means not being able to install some
           | stuff that I use only sometimes, because with the limited
           | amount of space I have I cannot waste it on things that I
           | only rarely use. But that means I don't get to use those
           | things at all unfortunately.
           | 
           | Not being able to do anything about this is about the only
           | gripe I have with this machine. So all in all I am still very
           | happy with it. But not as happy as I would've been if I
           | wasn't constantly running out of storage space.
           | 
           | And I even thought I was giving myself enough room for
           | everything, because my previous computer was a MacBook Air
           | 2018 model with 128GB storage, where I was also running out
           | of space all the time, so even though I really wanted to buy
           | the 1TB model of MBP M1 2020 I landed on the 256GB thinking
           | that hey it's still twice what I had so it should be enough
           | right. Well, no, not quite enough as it soon turned out.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | Yeah I just ordered a 16" MBP M1 and my math was that I
             | routinely run with about 1TB of storage with a lot of
             | fussiness, I would have ordered 2TB, but since it isn't
             | upgradeable I ordered 4TB.
             | 
             | That made someone's numbers at apple like $400 better at
             | least.
             | 
             | And it would probably be better for me financially to wait
             | 4-5 years until I really needed 4TB before upgrading (if I
             | ever needed to, which I might not).
             | 
             | Same thing with RAM. 16GB is proving to simply not be quite
             | enough, so I would have gone with 32GB, but instead I went
             | for 64GB for future-proofing.
             | 
             | I'd much rather have bought 32GB now, and then upgraded to
             | 64GB maybe multiple years down the road when I needed it.
        
               | radley wrote:
               | FWIW, a 4TB SSD with the same speed (7GB/sec) is
               | currently $1200 ($750 more than the 2TB). So Apple's
               | price is decent for the current market.
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08Q54GHTC/
               | 
               | I'm certainly not enthused about being stuck with current
               | market capacities, but at least I don't feel gouged on
               | price.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | > This setup has a benefit; namely, it is now impossible to
         | brick the system with a bad BIOS/EFI flash, and you'll never
         | need to use a hardware SPI flasher to recover.
         | 
         | Apple-branded SSD module failures are pretty common. Bricked
         | BIOS/EFI images are not.
         | 
         | I've been supporting Mac users for two decades and the only
         | time I've used a hardware SPI flasher was when I needed to pull
         | my firmware image, modify the EFI bootloader to include NVME
         | drivers, and flash it back. It wasn't hard. I attached a clip
         | to the motherboard that connected the chip to a Raspberry Pi.
         | 
         | Seriously, my first mac was an LC. I've never seen a Mac brick
         | itself doing a firmware update.
         | 
         | I had to do that because my Apple SSD died about 5 years into
         | owning the system. That system uses an m2 PCIe port but it's a
         | weird pinout. Apple doesn't sell parts, the local apple
         | authorized shop wanted $250 just for diagnostics, the only
         | thing on ebay were used drives of the same and, and only one
         | company makes an overpriced replacement aftermarket drive for
         | Apple's weird pre-NVME pcie storage connector and they have
         | compatibility issues, underperform compared to much cheaper
         | standard NVME drives, etc.
         | 
         | Thankfully, you can plug in a standard NVME drive via a $10
         | adapter from ebay.
         | 
         | I was back in business for a fraction of what a used 512GB
         | Apple drive would have cost me, with twice the storage and even
         | more speed over the already fast Apple module. But I had to
         | pull NVME drivers from a later revision of the system and flash
         | them to my ROM.
         | 
         | What pisses me off the most in the whole thing is that Samsung
         | and Apple designed the drive such that when it runs out of
         | write cycles, it completely fails; it doesn't even show up on
         | the PCIe bus.
         | 
         | I'm typing this now on that very system, which is now almost
         | exactly 8 years old. Do you think there will be 8 year old T2
         | macs? Not if they see daily use.
         | 
         | Repeat after me: user storage for a computer should never be
         | permanently attached.
         | 
         | > This kind of failure (high voltage parts close to low voltage
         | ones, close to liquid damage prone areas, without any
         | underfilling) is documented by Louis Rossmann.
         | 
         | > It is, however, not always feasible or possible to entirely
         | prevent.
         | 
         | It is 100% feasible/possible to entirely prevent.
         | 
         | Don't permanently attach storage on non-mobile devices.
         | 
         | Use conformal coating, something Apple could definitely afford
         | to do with their profit margin on these machines. Even if they
         | just coated the high voltage stuff. In fact, there's no reason
         | T2 mac owners can't buy a can of conformal spray off Digikey or
         | Mouser and do it themselves.
         | 
         | Don't put high voltage components near low voltage ones;
         | especially ones that have user data and are non-replaceable.
         | There's a reason Apple used to have a board for the DC input.
         | 
         | Every T2 mac has a finite lifetime before it becomes completely
         | useless scrap thanks to SSD wear. And it's even worse for the
         | M1 people because reportedly they do a great job of wearing out
         | their SSDs.
         | 
         | This isn't about boot flash reliability or tiny increments in
         | security-for-user-privacy. It's about slowly walling everyone
         | in. Every new update of MacOS, every new hardware update - has
         | put another brick in the wall.
        
         | bogantech wrote:
         | > This setup has a benefit; namely, it is now impossible to
         | brick the system with a bad BIOS/EFI flash, and you'll never
         | need to use a hardware SPI flasher to recover.
         | 
         | T2 could have been designed to store / recover the rom in an
         | SPI flash too. It's just cheaper to store it on the SSD
        
         | dukeofdoom wrote:
         | The software fails before the hardware with apple products in
         | my experience. I have an ipod touch 16GB from 2013, that I
         | still use to play music, and itunes still supports it. But I
         | can't browse the internet on it.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > since whatever failure damaged the SSD is statistically
         | likely to compromise the reliability of the rest of the board
         | 
         | That's a pretty big assumption.
         | 
         | The SSD is the component that is most likely to fail next to
         | the battery.
         | 
         | So effectively this makes the lifetime of the computer the
         | lifetime of the SSD, which is just one shade away from planned
         | obsolescence due to the write limitations of SSDs.
         | 
         | edit: ChuckNorris89 wrote pretty much the same but four hours
         | earlier.
        
       | TimTheTinker wrote:
       | I'd be curious what Marcan (Asahi Linux founder/hacker) would
       | have to say about this. Perhaps there's a workaround?
        
         | garaetjjte wrote:
         | >In fact, they do not support external boot disks at all, by
         | design.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26114417
        
         | NobodyNada wrote:
         | He's talked about this quite extensively in the past. Here's a
         | link to the Asahi project docs:
         | https://github.com/AsahiLinux/docs/wiki/M1-vs.-PC-Boot
         | 
         | > iBoot is the main bootloader on M1 machines. It is small. It
         | cannot understand external storage. It does not support USB. It
         | does not have a UI. All it can do is boot from internal
         | storage, and show an Apple logo, a progress bar, and a few
         | error messages.
         | 
         | IIRC he's said before that iBoot doesn't even have keyboard
         | support; it can tell if you're holding down the power button to
         | enter recovery mode, but that's it. There is no workaround for
         | this; it is not possible to boot over USB if the bootloader
         | does not speak USB.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | I bought an iMac in 2008. When it started getting slow, I bought
       | an external SSD and booted over FireWire 800. It gave my machine
       | many more years of life, and in fact it still works just fine!
       | It's not my daily driver, but I'm glad that I can boot it from an
       | external drive.
       | 
       | Too bad my next Mac won't be so flexible!
        
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