[HN Gopher] How to build a low-tech website? (2018)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to build a low-tech website? (2018)
        
       Author : okasaki
       Score  : 348 points
       Date   : 2021-11-01 14:38 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (solar.lowtechmagazine.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (solar.lowtechmagazine.com)
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | I wonder what percent of total energy use of viewing the page
       | around the world is from the web server and what from the routers
       | and network infrastructure and rendering on the browser?
       | 
       | This is an interesting experiment, but I struggle to see how a
       | 'low-tech' under utilised website would consume less energy in
       | its lifetime (including manufacture, delivery etc) per page view
       | than a high performance, globally cached (CloudFront/Flare etc),
       | highly utilised shared web service in a data centre.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | The section on images made me realize how redundant most blog
       | post images are. Usually they are random generic images from
       | Unsplash, Pexels, etc. and are only exist to add some color to
       | the page. The specific image is mostly unimportant.
       | 
       | Would it be possible to implement a browser-level image library?
       | Instead of a blogger using a generic Unsplash image, they just
       | select one from the "Firefox Image Library", which is already on
       | the user's computer. This library can be curated and optimized to
       | keep the browser file download manageable.
       | 
       | Considering that images are often 70-80% of the page size, the
       | savings would be significant.
        
         | pmlnr wrote:
         | If you just want colour, why not add some clever, but simple
         | SVG graphics?
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | Definitely an option, but I don't know if most bloggers know
           | the difference between vectors and rasters.
           | 
           | I also think you would need to balance aesthetics and
           | efficiency. No one will use the browser image library if all
           | of the images are just simple graphics. You'd still want some
           | shots of nature, cityscapes, etc.
        
           | riidom wrote:
           | If the image has indexed colours (which SVG's often have as
           | well, unless you use gradients), using indexed .png's gives
           | you huge savings.
           | 
           | I have an image on my blog (1920x1080), which, as .jpg uses
           | 272kb, but as indexed .png only 76kb, which is 27% the size.
           | I'm using ~16 different colors, I believe. And the .jpg in
           | this comparison is pretty hard compressed already (quality
           | level 60 or 75, iirc).
           | 
           | To generate this .png I use Krita, but PS should be able to
           | do so as well. GIMP can do it too, but if you start with a
           | 24bit graphics and need to reduce colors as first step, I got
           | bad results with GIMP (may have been me, though). Krita did a
           | better ootb-job for me here.
        
         | aufhebung wrote:
         | Have fun explaining to everyone why their browser now takes up
         | 20GB.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | 20GB would be 50,000+ properly compressed images.
           | 
           | I don't think we need that many...a few thousand should be
           | sufficient. That's only a gigabyte or less.
        
             | makapuf wrote:
             | Having properly cached links to a central repo of generic
             | images would achieve almost the same without the download
             | of many unused images on install
        
               | hypertele-Xii wrote:
               | And in fact, there already exist websites that can serve
               | generic images matched to keywords! Some of them even use
               | neural networks to generate an image from a text
               | description!
        
         | wgx wrote:
         | I was able to squeeze some more optimisation out of it:
         | 
         | For example: 600px-A20-OLinuXino-LIME2.png is 34,689 bytes as
         | served by the site.
         | 
         | Running it through PNGOUT, OxiPNG, AdvPNG and PNGCrush (all set
         | to lossless) reduces the filesize by 6.8% down to 32,322 bytes
         | with no visible diff to the image.
         | 
         | I guess you'd need to weigh up the energy cost of compressing
         | the image versus the cost of serving them all ~6% larger every
         | time.
        
         | notreallyserio wrote:
         | I remember back when many Medium articles I read were flooded
         | with animated gifs for emphasis. What a mess.
        
         | prox wrote:
         | Most of the text on corporate pages are same-ish blahblah, we
         | might as well add that to the Firefox Blurb Library :)
        
       | admin786 wrote:
       | Thanks
        
       | admin786 wrote:
       | Next
        
       | geon wrote:
       | > All resources loaded, including typefaces and logos, are an
       | additional request to the server, requiring storage space and
       | energy use. Therefore, our new website does not load a custom
       | typeface and removes the font-family declaration, meaning that
       | visitors will see the default typeface of their browser.
       | 
       | This is just nonsensical. Inline styles requires no extra
       | request, and you can still use the fonts 99.9999 % of users are
       | guaranteed to have.
        
       | andrewfromx wrote:
       | The author had me right up until "However, visuals are an
       | important part of Low-tech Magazine's appeal, and the website
       | would not be the same without them." And the next image was like
       | hmmmm that image is smaller and dithered but was it really
       | needed? If you really cared about the environment you would have
       | just gone without that image and saved 100% of the file size. And
       | then should I have children? Each one will consume more resources
       | might as well have zero. And then wait suicide would get rid of
       | me? Where do you draw the line to still live but be good?
        
         | Cycl0ps wrote:
         | >Where do you draw the line to still live but be good?
         | 
         | You draw it at making the image files a bit smaller, if the
         | article's anything to go on. Not every concept needs to be
         | extrapolated out to the point of a suicide pact. Let good
         | enough be, and try for more tomorrow.
        
       | cjcampbell wrote:
       | Looks like there was an update in 2020 on the experience of
       | running this server:
       | https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/01/how-sustainable-is....
        
       | tleb_ wrote:
       | As they describe being open to ideas and feedback: maybe using
       | static compression could help. The concept is to pre-compress
       | files (have foo.html.gz available next to foo.html) so that the
       | web server does not have to compress on-the-fly. nginx supports
       | it[0] and gzip_static does not appear in their nginx config[1].
       | 
       | It might not make a difference if nginx has a in-RAM cache of the
       | compressed files. Otherwise, it has the potential to be pretty
       | significant assuming most requests are made using "Accept-
       | Encoding: gzip" and assuming the web server does not prefer other
       | compression algorithms (eg. Brotli).
       | 
       | [0]:
       | https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_static_module.h...
       | 
       | [1]: https://homebrewserver.club/low-tech-website-
       | howto.html#full...
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > maybe using static compression could help.
         | 
         | Maybe but that's not a trivial question to answer: the linked
         | article is 236K, gzipping yields 88K (84 at -9, brotly results
         | in 68), so the questions become:
         | 
         | * how much energy does the extra 148K (/ 152 / 168) cost, aka
         | once you've factored in the initial handshake what is the
         | efficiency per byte of the transfer
         | 
         | * how much does decompression cost on the client side
         | 
         | * what is the mix of clients accepting each compression
         | algorithm (and what is the overlap)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lqet wrote:
         | Apache also supports this, but the configuration is a bit
         | tricky. For all my private websites, I have a setup where the
         | Apache config filters requests based on the accepted encoding
         | the client sends. For each file, I have three versions on disk:
         | the raw file, a gzipped version, and a brotli-compressed
         | version. Apache picks and sends the correct one. Not only is
         | the file delivered faster, you can also use a higher
         | compression level (gzip with compression level 9 is too slow to
         | be used on each request).
        
       | Cort3z wrote:
       | While reading this article I have started a total of 29 ci/cd
       | workflows, some of which are expected to run for 30 minutes
       | probably consuming at least 200 watts (assuming some kind of xeon
       | computer) each for the duration, I have consumed an estimated
       | 1700Wh (19 * 10 minutes, 10 * 30 minutes), or enough to run this
       | website for between 28 - 71 days. Not sure what to think about
       | that.
        
         | _hao wrote:
         | > Not sure what to think about that.
         | 
         | That right now all aspects of our lives are wasteful and that
         | society won't or can't change fast enough.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | One past thread and a few fragments:
       | 
       |  _How to Build a Low-Tech Website?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18293409 - Oct 2018 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _How to Build a Low-Tech Website_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18075143 - Sept 2018 (183
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _How to build a (solar-powered) low-tech website_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18073850 - Sept 2018 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _How to Build a Low-Tech Website_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18057331 - Sept 2018 (1
       | comment)
        
       | leptoniscool wrote:
       | Interesting, new technology tends to be "faster" or "more
       | powerful" with energy usage as an after-thought. It's refreshing
       | to see a site dedicated to the opposite end of that spectrum.
        
         | jart wrote:
         | Yes but they're doing it from a political angle. We should be
         | building simpler, snappier, and more resource efficient
         | software because it's the right thing to do and it makes
         | software better.
        
           | dgb23 wrote:
           | I haven't read anything political on there. Why is wanting to
           | reduce energy consumption ,,political". It's just plain old
           | frugalism mixed with environmental concerns.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | Because if you actually wanted to reduce energy
             | consumption, then you'd have actual targets and goals. E.g.
             | I started out at n mW and now I'm at m mW of usage. This
             | article talks about the solar setup they're using now, but
             | not where they started from, and what the energy usage
             | profile of their server is over time. In other words, it's
             | either lazy or greenwashing.
        
         | chrischen wrote:
         | I don't think that's necessarily true given the rise of mobile
         | computing. We definitely had to optimize for performance, RAM,
         | and energy usage with mobile phones. The M1 for laptops is a
         | direct benefit of those optimizations, where Apple has
         | essentially shown that such power optimizations for battery
         | devices can be useful even for desktop class computing.
        
           | GhettoComputers wrote:
           | That is completely and absolutely false. Newer mobile devices
           | are not getting weaker, they are becoming more powerful and
           | have processors that are often more powerful than older
           | desktop or laptop processors. These optimizations aren't
           | being made because newer mobile devices are much more
           | powerful. The new iPhone has 6GB of ram, proof the direction
           | is that nobody will care about optimization and will create
           | and use more bloated toolkits and CSS, and adding more
           | analytics.
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | I for one can't wait to run the in-browser regression app
           | I've been working on in JS at the M1 mac I just ordered... a
           | stack that would probably run faster on my old 2015 box if
           | I'd written it in C. Basically proving the OP's point that
           | optimization tends to decrease when you can write easier code
           | and just throw more cycles at it.
        
             | chrischen wrote:
             | My point isn't that optimization tends to decrease as we
             | get more powerful. My point is that we don't simply scale
             | our use cases towards more resource-hungry applications.
             | 
             | Mobile phones prove my point. As processors became more
             | powerful we didn't simply make them bigger and more power
             | hungry, instead we sought out use cases where we could make
             | the devices smaller and more portable, thereby using the
             | performance enhancements to miniaturize computers rather
             | then simply scaling them up.
        
               | noduerme wrote:
               | Yes, what you're saying is absolutely true for hardware.
               | I guess I'm referring to the software that's written to
               | take advantage of each platform. It always tends toward
               | bloat, so no matter how much faster the platform is,
               | pretty soon there are apps in the wild that push its
               | limits. And often, these apps could be written in more
               | efficient ways, but the existence of the extra power
               | justifies coding further and further from low level
               | languages. That's all I meant.
        
         | pjerem wrote:
         | If you break << technology >> into hardware and software, you
         | have a different story.
         | 
         | Hardware have never been so efficient, giving you a lot of
         | computing power for very little energy usage.
         | 
         | What is questionable is what we do with this power. Basically
         | we use it to run our badly written garbage collected programs
         | into layers and layers of VMs.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | It feels that there has been two trajectories. Hardware has
           | gotten more powerful and more efficient. While software has
           | become less efficient. Not that it doesn't do in some cases
           | more things like bigger resolutions and such, but in many
           | others it feels like we are doing the same or less while
           | having much more computing power available.
           | 
           | Just compare what software did 10 or 20 years ago today, and
           | it seems that we haven't really progressed so much. Even
           | while we have massively more memory and computing power
           | available...
        
             | pjerem wrote:
             | I'm totally in this boat. I can't understand how basic
             | things like chatting (Slack, Teams, Discord ...) needs so
             | much power to do, basically the same thing (plus artifices)
             | MSN or IRC did 20 years ago.
             | 
             | I'm not saying that we have not better software but please,
             | there wouldn't even be enough RAM to run Slack on the
             | computer I used to chat with hundreds of people.
        
       | uhtred wrote:
       | As cool as running the website on solar power is, the thing I
       | really like about this website is its simple design, lack of
       | javascript, fast page load, snappiness etc.
        
       | hgamaral wrote:
       | I just wonder how much energy does it take to serve content over
       | TLS/SSL. Maybe that's another factor to consider when building a
       | "low tech" website.
        
         | snemvalts wrote:
         | This feels a bit like counting the amount of coffee you drink
         | when calculating carbon footprint, or a bit like code golf
         | aiming for 1KB of executable size.
         | 
         | Makes more sense to do the 80/20 approach, 20% of work to get
         | 80% of results sustainability wise and the move on to the next.
        
       | edsonmedina wrote:
       | The images are still huge for the quality. There's a lot of gains
       | to be had with proper compression here.
        
       | kome wrote:
       | I love the design of this webpage, such a polished look, yet not
       | banal or corporate. It has a strong personality. And it's
       | responsiveness is amazing. That's what good design is about.
       | Also, no JS bullshit. What a breath of fresh air.
        
         | KronisLV wrote:
         | Hmm, personally i think that there are a few nitpicks that
         | could improve readability, though maybe that's in conflict with
         | the current aesthetic that they're going for.
         | 
         | For starters, it would be nice not to stretch out the images
         | too much, and instead allow them to take up just a portion of
         | the screen, otherwise they feel overwhelming in contrast to the
         | text.
         | 
         | Secondly, maybe the battery charge indicator is a bit
         | distracting (the color difference isn't subtle with the
         | background), though at the same time that's a really cool
         | gimmick!
         | 
         | Here's an example of what i'm thinking of:
         | https://imgur.com/a/zFYhz9p
        
         | aspett wrote:
         | I detest the colours with the scroll. Awfully distracting.
        
       | jFriedensreich wrote:
       | Seems also like a perfect usecase for ipfs. Imagine solar powered
       | ipfs nodes, each serving some website and also pinning for other
       | nodes. but its probably hard to get an ipfs node to 2 watt...
        
       | docflabby wrote:
       | Could probably host 10000+ static websites on a Mac m1, low power
       | usage and built in UPS...
        
       | Jyaif wrote:
       | > We were told that the Internet would "dematerialise" society
       | and decrease energy use. Contrary to this projection, it has
       | become a large and rapidly growing consumer of energy itself.
       | 
       | The writer lost my trust with that logical error.
        
       | bryans wrote:
       | The amount of energy wasted due to poor caching strategies alone
       | could power small countries. Made far worse by the current trend
       | to maximize code readability and organization by using as many
       | dependencies as humanly possible for even the simplest of tasks.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | _Made far worse by the current trend to maximize code
         | readability and organization by using as many dependencies as
         | humanly possible for even the simplest of tasks._
         | 
         | The current trend is to maximize readability in development and
         | then to use a build pipeline to remove as much of that
         | readability as possible and optimize for size in production.
         | 
         | There is only a very loose relationship between what code looks
         | like when you're writing it and what actually pops out of a
         | compiler or bundler to go to production. You could write
         | something close to plain English these days (literate
         | programming with something like Observable), with a ton of
         | dependencies, and still get a reasonably well-optimized website
         | after a bundler does some tree-shaking, dead code removal,
         | transpiling and minification.
         | 
         | It's complicated, sure, but your complaint here is the exact
         | reason _why_ it 's complicated. We want to easy to write and
         | understand human-optimized code for dev, and to use that to
         | deliver an Internet- and browser-optimized bundle to the user.
         | The step in the middle of those is complex.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | It's not about the readability of code on web pages, but the
           | fact that web pages are unnecessarily bloated in the first
           | place.
           | 
           | Even static page generators seem a bit too complicated at
           | time.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | I see this argument a lot on HN, but whenever I look at web
             | pages (which is pretty much all day, every day) I don't see
             | very much that could be removed without radically changing
             | the user experience. I understand that some people don't
             | believe reactive single page apps, that are device
             | responsive, that have accessibility features, and that are
             | localized for different languages are a good idea, but if
             | you do think those things are what you want to deliver then
             | websites aren't "bloated". They're just big. They do lots
             | of things. The argument is less about the code and more
             | about people railing against what the web is these days.
             | Fair enough if that's the case, but at least make the
             | argument that you don't like modern websites rather than
             | try to hide it behind a claim it's about code optimization.
             | 
             | The only exception to that is adverts. There's a ton of
             | code delivered in websites that isn't necessary, and it's
             | mostly for displaying ads and tracking people so the ads
             | can be optimized for better conversion.
        
               | _3u10 wrote:
               | Here's how to make a SPA that isn't shit.
               | 
               | https://instant.page/
               | https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks or
               | turbo/hotwire/stimulus.
               | 
               | They are bloated as fuck. Go to an interview for any
               | react job and they'll ask you about what to do when react
               | fucks up the DOM with all its bullshit. Try making an
               | HTML page that is just HTML and see how many millions of
               | elements you have to have on the page until it starts
               | acting like react. React/Angular/etc are just bloat.
               | 
               | It's like seeing a "modern" iOS app with Dependency
               | injection and asking yourself how often this team swaps
               | out the database on its iOS to make DI necessary. Like
               | what do they have in the back, a Wheel O' Database and
               | spin it every week to find out what DB they should use
               | until next week?
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Not being anywhere on stack. Had to setup and fix this
               | demo product. SPA with login and maybe 4 simple elements.
               | Downloads something like 10 megabytes of code... And that
               | isn't even the backend... I question what is even going
               | on with this one. So much JavaScript for something that
               | doesn't even do anything special.
               | 
               | Makes me glad that my career focus is security not web
               | development...
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | _Downloads something like 10 megabytes of code._
               | 
               | I don't think many web developers would argue downloading
               | 10MB of JS code is appropriate. The problem is that
               | people who argue that websites are bloated _often_
               | include images, video, fonts, and more in their numbers,
               | and assets like that take up space. Most web apps are a
               | lot smaller than 10MB. Even a _giant_ one like Github
               | Codespace is  'only' 8MB, and that's a full IDE and git
               | client in your browser.
               | 
               | If you're seeing something that's got 10MB of _code_ in
               | it then the developers have failed (or it 's a _very_
               | complex app).
        
               | _3u10 wrote:
               | They won't argue with it but they'll certainly ship it.
        
               | clavicat wrote:
               | I see a lot that can be removed without substantially
               | altering the user experience. Just compare Hacker News to
               | Reddit, or Nitter to Twitter.
        
               | catmanjan wrote:
               | The ui would have to change, but the experience doesn't
               | need to - news sites should just be tables, not art
               | gallerys
        
               | _3u10 wrote:
               | Art gallery is super complimentary, art galleries are
               | generally curated. Whatever the modern web is is the
               | opposite of taste.
               | 
               | It kind of makes me want to get a giant ink jet plotter
               | and set it up at an art gallery printing tweets / tiktoks
               | / etc and instead of a catch bin for the prints it just
               | goes directly into a shredder.
        
               | phist_mcgee wrote:
               | "should be" That's a subjective opinion. What if people
               | who read the news want to read it like an art gallery?
        
           | _3u10 wrote:
           | That stuff isn't readable. It's mostly garbage. If you don't
           | need to make 20,000 devs work together in a chain gang, why
           | even bother?
           | 
           | Here's the platforms you need if you're not 20,000 strong:
           | https://motherfuckingwebsite.com/
           | 
           | http://programming-motherfucker.com/
           | 
           | https://github.com/brandonhilkert/fucking_shell_scripts
           | 
           | http://vanilla-js.com/
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _That stuff isn 't readable. It's mostly garbage._
             | 
             | Arguments like this do you no favors. There are hundreds of
             | thousands of developers using React today. They aren't
             | _all_ wrong.
             | 
             | There are legitimate reasons to use it, it works very well,
             | and code written with it is not 'garbage'. It certainly has
             | its flaws too of course. However, while any website that's
             | using React appropriately could be written in vanilla JS
             | instead, after a while the code would start to look like a
             | poor quality React implementation. This is obvious, because
             | what React is doing - abstracting the process of inter-
             | component communication, and giving developers tools to
             | solve common problems within components - is actually very
             | common in app development. Leveraging React rather than
             | reinventing that particular wheel is a good idea.
        
               | codethief wrote:
               | > Arguments like this do you no favors. [...] There are
               | legitimate reasons to use it, it works very well, and
               | code written with it is not 'garbage'.
               | 
               | Did you take a look at the links OP posted? I interpret
               | their comment very much tongue-in-cheek.
        
             | codethief wrote:
             | You're missing one link:
             | https://bettermotherfuckingwebsite.com
             | 
             | :)
        
           | bryans wrote:
           | You paint a very utopian picture, but that's just not how it
           | works in the real world. Throw a dart at a map of both
           | startups and large companies, and you'll find full
           | dependencies included in otherwise small scripts. Sometimes
           | those dependencies will even get included in multiple files,
           | because Google convinced a generation of developers that
           | "above the fold" was the most important thing in the history
           | of the web -- even though Google themselves abandoned the
           | concept almost immediately.
           | 
           | The focus these days is on tooling instead of code, and that
           | has resulted in fragile infrastructures serving massive
           | amounts of code in order to provide relatively little
           | functionality for the end user -- all because we'd rather use
           | some extra cheap electricity than actually learn how to write
           | highly-performant code. I'm really not sure why you view that
           | as a positive.
        
             | faeyanpiraat wrote:
             | I don't get how including dependencies multiple times is
             | related to "above the fold", could you clarify?
        
       | TheDudeMan wrote:
       | Lose the dithering and use a sane image format.
        
         | justinpage wrote:
         | I disagree: keep it.
        
         | tomcooks wrote:
         | What's not sane about dithering? It has been used for a long
         | time in print
        
           | berkut wrote:
           | While "needed" to produce "nice" (acceptable) looking 4-level
           | images, it's likely breaking the filtering and compression
           | steps of PNG format compression, making the image larger...
        
             | lelanthran wrote:
             | Would using GIF help? Then a 4-level image would use only a
             | single byte for each pixel, and the entire file can be
             | compressed if necessary.
             | 
             | For example, here is the comparison of the first image on
             | their page (file sizes in bytes), converted to gif with
             | 4-level:
             | 
             | 25700 sps_close.gif
             | 
             | 43415 sps_close.png
             | 
             | [EDIT] Interestingly enough, converting their image to a
             | 7-level (1 for alpha) gif image gives you _double_ the
             | colors while reducing the image size by 17,715 bytes
             | (~17.2kB)
        
               | ReactiveJelly wrote:
               | In the general case you aren't going to beat a lossy
               | compression specialized for photos (JPEG) with a lossless
               | compression trying to compress something you've added
               | noise to (PNG / GIF) when trying to compress a photo
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | What does the general case have to do with it? At the
               | target visual quality I doubt that jpg offers any size
               | saving over a gif.
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | The dithered images on the site are approximations of
           | continuous tone images. But dithered images of this sort are
           | inefficient approximations, so the page is actually wasting
           | bytes compared to just using plain old JPEGs with appropriate
           | size/quality settings.
        
         | rahen wrote:
         | I find the use of dithering fairly ingenious, even though the
         | result looks like a printed newspaper.
         | 
         | Essentially the goal for him was to achieve the best possible
         | energy efficiency (CPU, bandwidth) and he came up with this
         | idea. I'm pretty sure WebP would be much more CPU intensive.
        
           | ReactiveJelly wrote:
           | JPEG looks subjectively better at the same bitrate and is
           | probably hardware-decoded on many platforms.
           | 
           | Unfortunately I lost the link for the comparison.
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | The problem with dithering is that it is added noise (read:
           | entropy) that needs to be preserved in the image file, which
           | can make the compressed image file bigger. You can actually
           | achieve quite good results by just cranking down the quality
           | on a jpeg. You'd have to go _really_ low quality before it
           | looked as bad as these dithered images. Also, jpeg supports
           | greyscale, although you might find that keeping the colour in
           | there really doesn 't add much to the file size at all
           | anyway, especially if you set an appropriate chroma
           | subsampling ratio.
        
         | phoenixdblack wrote:
         | I'm completely with you on that. WebP should be the smallest,
         | best supported solution right now.
        
           | kome wrote:
           | WebP is a terrible practice and and it has no real value vs
           | jpg https://pagepipe.com/dont-use-webp-image-format/ - just
           | because endorsed by google doesn't mean it's good (i would
           | even argue, the contrary is true)
        
             | supermatt wrote:
             | their argument is that filesize doesnt matter because
             | images download in parallel... thats just idiotic. 10x
             | 100MB images downloading in parallel is still going to take
             | longer than 10x 1kB
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | > Cloudinary says we can reduce that image's page weight
             | from a 4.6k PNG to a 1.5k webP image. That saves 3.1k. In
             | big letters, they tell us that is a 32-percent savings.
             | 
             | I'm not a mathematician but...
        
               | unicornporn wrote:
               | If we're comparing lossy compression mode, WebP is close
               | to equal to MozJPEG for higher res images. Check the 1500
               | px comparison: https://siipo.la/blog/is-webp-really-
               | better-than-jpeg
        
             | shepherdjerred wrote:
             | This page says that webp produces smaller images...
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | This article seems outdated. Webp supported on Safari. Also
             | this article itself confirms that webp saves image size,
             | just author for some reason thinks that it does not matter.
             | Well, this page is not so fast to open for me, definitely
             | not 0.5 second, more like 5 seconds, so I wouldn't be the
             | one listening to his advices.
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | > This article seems outdated.
               | 
               | Amazingly enough the page seems to be updated very
               | recently ("November 2021", which was not present back in
               | March [1]).
               | 
               | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20210305192950/https://pa
               | gepipe....
        
               | supermatt wrote:
               | > Well, this page is not so fast to open for me,
               | definitely not 0.5 second, more like 5 seconds, so I
               | wouldn't be the one listening to his advices.
               | 
               | its hosted on a raspberry pi and is front page of HN...
        
               | wartijn_ wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure the parent poster is talking about the
               | page that says you shouldn't use Webp, not about low-tech
               | machazine. The former claims to load in 0.5 seconds, the
               | latter doesn't.
        
               | supermatt wrote:
               | doh! I hate it when i end up viewing threads out of
               | context :/
        
           | JustFinishedBSG wrote:
           | Just use AVIF with a JPEG fallback...
        
             | lifthrasiir wrote:
             | AVIF is still in process of adoption [1], while WebP is
             | virtually everywhere and you can even ignore fallbacks if
             | you don't support MSIE [2].
             | 
             | Also while AVIF supports lossless images, its lossless
             | compression is known to be weak and can be even inferior to
             | PNG, while the WebP lossless mode is a dedicated algorithm
             | and almost guaranteed to be better than PNG. This is a
             | reason why JPEG XL can be better than AVIF in the long
             | term, where AVIF is just another intra-frame format
             | extracted from video codecs while JPEG XL is explicitly
             | built to support both use cases.
             | 
             | [1] https://caniuse.com/avif
             | 
             | [2] https://caniuse.com/webp
        
       | KronisLV wrote:
       | This bit really caught my attention:
       | 
       | > In contrast, this website runs on an off-the-grid solar power
       | system with its own energy storage, and will go off-line during
       | longer periods of cloudy weather. Less than 100% reliability is
       | essential for the sustainability of an off-the-grid solar system,
       | because above a certain threshold the fossil fuel energy used for
       | producing and replacing the batteries is higher than the fossil
       | fuel energy saved by the solar panels.
       | 
       | This, in particular, is an amazing take:
       | 
       | > Less than 100% reliability is essential for the sustainability
       | of an off-the-grid solar system
       | 
       | Saying that sacrificing uptime is a good thing for achieving a
       | particular goal is a take that's so wildly out of line with what
       | most of the industry believes is refreshing, because it really
       | makes you think. What would the world look like, if instead of
       | being obsessed with SRE we simply assumed or accepted that there
       | will be downtime, and treated it like something perfectly normal.
       | Maybe a nice message at ingress/load balancer level, telling
       | everyone that the site will be back in a bit.
       | 
       | I have no illusions that any company would want something like
       | that, or that it's even feasible for many industries, e.g.
       | healthcare, though the Latvian "e-health" system is an accidental
       | experiment of this at the cost of around 15 million euros of
       | taxpayer money: https://www-lsm-
       | lv.translate.goog/raksts/zinas/latvija/par-e... .
       | 
       | However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't websites?
       | What a funny thought.
       | 
       | Edit: on an unrelated note, it's wild how different setups can
       | be.
       | 
       | For example:
       | 
       | > The web server uses between 1 and 2.5 watts of power...
       | 
       | While at the same time, i have two servers with 200GEs
       | (essentially consumer hardware) running in my homelab, with a TDP
       | of 35W each, though with the UPS and its inefficiencies, as well
       | as the 4G router, the total energy consumption that i have to
       | deal with is around 100W. Granted, i also use them for backups
       | and as CI nodes, but there's still a difference of 20 - 50 times
       | more power usage between one of my servers and one of theirs. I
       | guess one can definitely talk about the differences between x86
       | and ARM there as well.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | FWIW the article is from 2018, here's the followup from 2020:
         | https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/01/how-sustainable-is...
         | 
         | Notably wrt uptime:
         | 
         | > Uptime
         | 
         | > The solar powered website goes off-line when the weather is
         | bad - but how often does that happen? For a period of about one
         | year (351 days, from 12 December 2018 to 28 November 2019), we
         | achieved an uptime of 95.26%. This means that we were off-line
         | due to bad weather for 399 hours.
         | 
         | > If we ignore the last two months, our uptime was 98.2%, with
         | a downtime of only 152 hours. Uptime plummeted to 80% during
         | the last two months, when a software upgrade increased the
         | energy use of the server. This knocked the website off-line for
         | at least a few hours every night.
         | 
         | And while they found inefficiencies in their energy conversion
         | system,
         | 
         | > One kilowatt-hour of solar generated electricity can thus
         | serve almost 50,000 unique visitors, and one watt-hour of
         | electricity can serve roughly 50 unique visitors.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | > However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't
         | websites?
         | 
         | B&H Photo famously goes offline every Shabbat and I think it is
         | great. It goes to show that you can have an sustainable and
         | profitable business without sacrificing on principles.
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | Indeed I'm now curious what would happen if e-commerce shops
         | had business hours?
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | Most of my dumb eBay purchases are made when I should be
           | sleeping. Hmm...
        
         | New_California wrote:
         | I _love_ this website and the experiment. But you implying that
         | more service downtimes is somehow progress of civilization is
         | ridiculous. Civilization progress needs more reliability, not
         | less.
        
           | KronisLV wrote:
           | What I'm implying is that it's interesting to consider an
           | alternative point of view: where certain non-critical (at
           | least to the greater society) systems would be treated as
           | such, instead of paging people at 6 AM because a CRUD is
           | down.
           | 
           | Reliability often comes at the expense of making some
           | people's lives much less pleasant (especially in situations
           | of underfunding or not having the corporation back any of
           | your SRE initiatives), or, alternatively, with exponentially
           | increasing costs, since all of the sudden everything needs to
           | be high availability and have redundancy in place.
           | 
           | Consider the recent Roblox outage. No one died because of it,
           | yet countless engineers were working around the clock to
           | ensure the profitable operation of the platform.
           | 
           | When the Latvian Electronic Tax Declaration system goes down
           | on the first day of the year when you can declare your taxes
           | (basically every year), the ministry representatives shrug
           | their shoulders and essentially say: "Nah, we can't make it
           | cope with the load. Just wait a day." And you know, maybe
           | they can't, but at the same time even so everyone still
           | manages to submit their taxes eventually.
           | 
           | Thus, perhaps it's worth it to consider when and where we
           | need the scalability and high availability, e.g. government
           | centralized auth services under Latvija.lv which also went
           | down because of the load and as a consequence people had to
           | wait longer to sign up for COVID vaccines and couldn't use
           | other systems until it was resolved:
           | https://blog.kronis.dev/articles/manavakcina-lv-and-
           | apturico...
           | 
           | Then, we should focus on those more important cases. Now, I'm
           | not trying to suggest that the incompetence or dismissive
           | attitudes are (always) okay, instead, I'm merely suggesting
           | that we should consider our priorities and wonder what a more
           | laid back environment would look like.
           | 
           | I still recall once sending a hotfix for a prod issue at 3
           | AM. I wonder what things would look like if instead of
           | worrying whether a certain business process can take place at
           | a certain date, the attitude would have been more like:
           | "We'll just tell everyone to wait a day or two. It's not like
           | our product is time sensitive."
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | I am certain that people have missed filing their taxes
             | because of the downtime. They scheduled time for it, got
             | frustrated that it didn't work, and then forgot about it.
             | Then realized too late that they didn't file their tax
             | return. It almost happened to me because a bank had a
             | scheduled downtime when I was doing my taxes and I couldn't
             | finish it at the time. I only remembered a few hours before
             | the real deadline...
             | 
             | Also, I got a vaccine almost a month later because our
             | vaccine sign up page also had technical difficulties. I sat
             | around in queue for 90 minutes to do an online sign up and
             | all the times were already gone. The next time I tried and
             | saw the queue I just closed the browser.
             | 
             | Also, these are things that you can go to prison for if you
             | mismanage it. People are much more likely to put up with
             | these screw ups, because they have to.
        
             | threatofrain wrote:
             | You're talking about situations of what is essentially a
             | _de jure_ monopoly on a critical need. People sign up for
             | COVID vaccines and file their taxes to avoid being screwed.
             | 
             | In places with competition the customer is the one who
             | decides whether you are screwed. Is downtime from social
             | media or news rather trivial? The _business_ deadliness of
             | downtime is different from the _societal_ deadliness of
             | downtime, but what significance this takes on is up to the
             | customer to say, and the customer develops expectations
             | based on the competition.
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | > Civilization progress needs more reliability
           | 
           | Not necessarily. Similar to software, each nine costs (in
           | money, pollution, effort, etc) at least an order of magnitude
           | more than the last, and at some point it's more efficient to
           | focus on resilience elsewhere in the system.
           | 
           | Wind and solar are great but they're far too irregular to
           | rely on so in places without hydro storage you're often left
           | with either chemical batteries, which would be prohibitively
           | expensive to support the entire grid for a few days, or
           | fossil fuel peaker plants, which will ultimately result in
           | coastal flooding.
           | 
           | One alternative has been to use demand response to pay people
           | to cut back and dynamic (wholesale) prices to encourage
           | people to conserve when supplies are low. Perhaps at some
           | point electricity providers could even institute different
           | prices for different levels of service. That is, one would
           | pay $1/kWh for any capacity that requires less than an hour
           | of downtime per year like servers and medical equipment, but
           | $0.01/kWh for excess capacity used for vehicle charging that
           | is irregularly available day-to-day. The "smart grid" and
           | meters necessary to support this kind of thing don't exist,
           | but may in the future, and adapting to this kind of
           | irregularity would allow us to have a much lower-cost
           | electricity grid.
        
           | jokethrowaway wrote:
           | This. Also because if your energy source is solar, who cares
           | if you're using a bit more power to provide extra
           | reliability?
           | 
           | Heck, even just charging a battery with the extra solar power
           | would provide better reliability.
           | 
           | I totally agree on saving power for users given that's a
           | energy cost you pay N times - albeit I'd prefer some better
           | defaults (in terms of colours and fonts).
           | 
           | I guess we need a better, lightweight browser.
        
           | vaylian wrote:
           | That's a very technologist perspective. But what about a more
           | philosophical take? Life is not about technology or work.
           | Life is about living. A bit of downtime and slowdown can be
           | very refreshing.
        
             | threatofrain wrote:
             | > A bit of downtime and slowdown can be very refreshing.
             | 
             | That's up to the customer to decide. Insofar as we live in
             | a world where customers decide the fate of businesses in a
             | do or die way, I feel the conclusion is obvious. Either the
             | customer shares your philosophy that your downtime is part
             | of an enjoyable rhythm of life, or you die.
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | That's a good point, but note that providing reliability
               | adds production cost as well. Services and businesses
               | with guaranteed high reliability cost significantly more
               | than those with low reliability, and I'd expect that cost
               | to be reflected in their prices.
               | 
               | That's why guaranteed overnight delivery generally costs
               | more than waiting a week or two for your package.
               | 
               | I work at a company that provides business services, and
               | some customers are fine dealing with irregular
               | availability of resources if it means the service cost an
               | order of magnitude less.
               | 
               | It's not common in power yet, but in the future a
               | hospital might pay $1/kWh for high-uptime power whereas
               | someone else might pay $0.01/kWh for excess capacity
               | provided as available to charge their car.
        
               | rakoo wrote:
               | Most websites aren't businesses. How do you vote with
               | your wallet to decide you accept that a website slows
               | down ? Even when a website is a business, you pay for the
               | whole service; there is no competition on uptime alone.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | vaylian wrote:
               | Not everything on the internet is for-profit. The low-
               | tech magazine website is a prime example of that.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Sure, but by taking your website down at certain times (or
             | allowing the system to take itself down), you force your
             | ideas about slowing down onto others who may or may not
             | have time for that right now. It is actively hindering
             | other people from trying to live the way they want (by
             | reading about solar powered websites, in this case).
             | 
             | It does not really matter for the Low Technology website of
             | course, but if you get into a serious car accident and the
             | surgeon is like "sorry but our solar powered operating
             | theater is down right now, that's just life sometimes" that
             | would be a very unwelcome thing to hear.
        
               | snakeboy wrote:
               | Your example which is why everyone in this thread has
               | been bending over backwards to emphasize that certain
               | services (like medical ones) should aim for full
               | reliability.
               | 
               | Suppose twitter/reddit/HN shut down for 10 hours a day.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Which 10 hours? Timezone differences alone would shut out
               | large portions of the world. A service which is only up
               | when I'm asleep or at work is not very useful to me.
        
               | snakeboy wrote:
               | And 90% of Twitter's problems would be solved if they
               | weren't trying to be maximally "useful" to every single
               | person on earth all the time.
               | 
               | 10 hours was just an arbitrary number, but there are
               | plenty of more creative solutions. Shut down every March,
               | or Weekday mornings, or every other hour.
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | There exists a middle ground between everyone gets five
               | nines of reliability (expensive) and everyone only gets
               | three nines of reliability (people die in hospitals).
               | 
               | If we focus the same resources on providing reliability
               | where it is needed most, we could actually improve
               | reliability of outcomes. That is, for the same cost of
               | providing a few hours of battery backup for the entire
               | grid we could provide weeks of battery backup for
               | hospitals and data centers.
        
             | New_California wrote:
             | "Technologist perspective" - BS, you can only afford to
             | entertain your philosophical takes because of strong
             | reliability of the services around you, from your grocery
             | store being full of goods to electricity at your place, to
             | HN being online.
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | To me, that sounds like perhaps choosing a lifestyle
               | which has significant reliance on those services, while
               | at the same time not accounting for any possible downtime
               | and expecting everything to work - that's akin to running
               | your application on a single VPS with no backups.
               | 
               | If there are any issues with the grocery store or the
               | technologies in it, then perhaps it's possible to pay in
               | cash. If there are larger problems with the grocery
               | store's supply chain, i can just go outside to my
               | greenhouse and get some fresh veggies. If i don't have a
               | greenhouse, i have a bunch of beans and other canned
               | goods in my cellar, as well as crackers and so on. If i
               | don't have my cellar, i have a bunch of frozen meat in
               | the fridge. If i don't have said meat, i have a rifle and
               | a forest with animals for that. And if i don't have any
               | of that, i can always just go to my neighbours and ask
               | whether they have anything to share (or offer the same
               | sort of help, should they be dealing with the same
               | hypothetical situation, instead of me; things would only
               | break down when everyone would be starving).
               | 
               | If there are electricity interruptions, i have a few
               | UPSes in place. If the UPSes run out of power, then i
               | have a diesel generator in the cellar (with the
               | appropriate ventilation system in place). If i don't have
               | any diesel, my house has a stove that burns wood and has
               | central heating with radiators, as well as candles or a
               | petroleum lamp, or even a flashlight with a generator for
               | lights. And if HN isn't online, i'll just read a book,
               | since there is a shelf with some lovely literature to be
               | enjoyed, or will simply write something in my diary, as
               | people do.
               | 
               | I'm saying this not to discredit the fact that many
               | people choose to live in the larger cities, since there
               | are definitely different advantages to that choice,
               | however at the same time you have to consider the overall
               | trends in society, when you take things as electricity or
               | a stable food supply for granted, which may not always be
               | the case.
               | 
               | That said, there are relatively few things that are truly
               | time sensitive, such as having a supply of important life
               | sustaining medication. I wouldn't expect my grocery store
               | to have a 99.99% uptime, nor would i expect that even out
               | of my electricity supply, hence the UPSes and generator,
               | and HN going down wouldn't be the end of the world
               | either.
               | 
               | And when we are talking about the greater supply chains
               | that we don't see in our daily lives, honestly there
               | always should be a business continuity plan in place - if
               | your computer system goes down because of Y2K, a solar
               | flare or the data center burning down, then you should be
               | able to keep on trucking with calculators and some paper.
               | Anything less is not all that responsible, if we're
               | really talking about important domains.
        
             | lostmsu wrote:
             | Philosophical take is useless here. This thinking only
             | works on a primitive society, where life is wrapped around
             | a relatively small group of people. Today we have supply
             | chains that have 20+ components. If they'd have 5% downtime
             | each, the entire chain would only work 35% of time.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "Less than 100% reliability is essential for the sustainability
         | of an off-the-grid solar system"
         | 
         | 100% reliability is a terrible, dangerous lie.
         | 
         | People make mistakes.This is well and good when we are talking
         | about entertainment and Instagram.
         | 
         | However we are now adding fragile Internet-connected code in
         | critical infrastructure: cashless society means that if your
         | bank is down, you can't get food.
         | 
         | All cycling stands in London need to talk to their server, and
         | when it's down, you lost ability to get transport.
         | 
         | Same for public transport and Uber - if they fail in during a
         | winter night, someone somewhere will freeze to death.
         | 
         | The door dialing in my house needs the internet to do IP-
         | calling to your phone. They were digging up my street and cut
         | the cable, and I was stuck in the cold for an hour.
         | 
         | This is going to spread - imagine a failure of the system
         | managing running water, or god forbid the suer?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | So the load balancers would still need 100% reliability? If
         | they go down your browser can't connect to anything which would
         | render you unable to send the "nice message".
         | 
         | I think we'd have to have a pretty different internet in this
         | hypothetical world.
        
           | Juliate wrote:
           | That's how most of the internet operated in the 2000's,
           | before SRE & DevOps really took traction (practices were
           | already there somehow, but not pushed to that extent for web
           | sites/apps).
           | 
           | And we were not so much worse than today (I'd say even
           | better, but that may be loosely coupled to 100% reliability -
           | although FOMO also has a taste of it).
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Yup, assumptions of less than 100% connectivity and designing
         | for that would really change the world.
         | 
         | While I know everyone likes to hate on Lotus Notes here, once
         | of it's key architecture features was that it assumed a seldom-
         | connected and replicated data model - the clients and servers
         | would contact each other at intervals to get updates, and
         | otherwise everything was local.
         | 
         | Decades later, I still miss this functionality a lot - just
         | force and update/replicate before you go somewhere (either
         | office-home or a trip across the world), and everything is the
         | same. No worries about connectivity quality; if it was choppy,
         | just give it more time to handle the retries/ecc, and get the
         | good updates. (of course, many system managers/admins/devs
         | didn't really consider that much of a feature and treated it
         | like any other network app, so not taking advantage of it, but
         | those who understood it's power...)
         | 
         | I really wish others would think in such a seldom-connected
         | model, as the network is becoming increasingly brittle, and
         | working in that model was such a joy.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | >I really wish others would think in such a seldom-connected
           | model, as the network is becoming increasingly brittle, and
           | working in that model was such a joy.
           | 
           | https://nncp.mirrors.quux.org
           | 
           | Also, the old NNTP and email lists are still alive.
           | 
           | I use SLRN on batch mode on Usenet and tildex (Unix based
           | micronetworks), and it rocks. In batch mode, I pull down all
           | the comments/articles and I push down the answers and written
           | articles. No need to be online 24h/7d.
           | 
           | For email, i use Getmail against an IMAP server.
           | 
           | Thus, I can fetch all the data offline at once with a
           | 'do_the_internet.sh' script in a breeze.
           | 
           | I would love to use HN over NNTP.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | > I would love to use HN over NNTP.
             | 
             | How would you represent upvotes and ranking over NNTP, or
             | would you just drop that for comments altogether?
             | 
             | (I'm asking because I've been thinking of implementing
             | something exactly like this, with NNCP also maybe, but the
             | ranking is what I'm not sure on.)
             | 
             | > tildex (Unix based micronetworks)
             | 
             | Ooh what are these tildexes?
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | > Saying that sacrificing uptime is a good thing for achieving
         | a particular goal is a take that's so wildly out of line with
         | what most of the industry believes is refreshing, because it
         | really makes you think. What would the world look like, if
         | instead of being obsessed with SRE we simply assumed or
         | accepted that there will be downtime, and treated it like
         | something perfectly normal.
         | 
         | My bank's website has been down for maintenance for 24h this
         | week-end. And French government website for declaring VAT will
         | be down for a few hours tomorrow.
         | 
         | Many people still consider downtime as normal. It's not trendy
         | to talk about it, but downtime isn't such a big deal. (Going
         | down because you cannot handle your peak load is very bad
         | though)
        
           | ajsnigrutin wrote:
           | This depends.
           | 
           | If it's a planned downtime with stuff, people can plan around
           | (eg pay your bill before the weekend), that's bearable.
           | 
           | But if the government wants you to do something (eg. declare
           | VAT), but then the page isn't available, and they still
           | expect you to do it, and you could get fined if you don't...
           | that's a really shitty thing to happen.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | It's a social thing. When you know the service might be
             | down when you need it at the last moment, you just plan and
             | do things quite some time before the deadline so you don't
             | get caught.
             | 
             | In the twenties century, trains in Spain where completely
             | unreliable: they could leave one hour early, or 3 hours
             | late, yet people would get fired if they couldn't get to
             | work in time. But it still worked: people just didn't run
             | into the train station 5 minutes before departure.
        
         | vageli wrote:
         | > However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't
         | websites? What a funny thought.
         | 
         | You may be surprised to hear that some websites _do_! I was
         | trying to search for the page but can't find it at the moment,
         | but I've experienced this with a Dept. of Homeland Security
         | page that would only be available during certain hours. I
         | believe it was due to some batch-processing related task but
         | can't recall exactly now.
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | In Japan many websites still go offline every night "for
         | maintenance" for most of the night.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | Any idea as to why. I mean it's a create time for
           | maintenance, but every night seems like a bit much.
        
         | yoz-y wrote:
         | > However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't
         | websites? What a funny thought.
         | 
         | Because of day/night cycle these working hours would usually
         | overlap. This would put people who can't afford to do their
         | administrative business on the internet during work hours at a
         | disadvantage.
        
         | IAmNotAFix wrote:
         | Whoever has the best uptime wins.
        
         | rakoo wrote:
         | > Less than 100% reliability is essential for the
         | sustainability
         | 
         | Less than 100% reliability is going to be mandatory as part of
         | the degrowth we'll need if we want to seriously tackle climate
         | change. Less reliability, all the way towards offline-first, is
         | the most sensible way to go
        
           | Juliate wrote:
           | Actually, you can achieve 100% reliability with any kind or
           | extent of downtime.
           | 
           | As long as downtime is expected and bounded, as long as the
           | uptime planned period is actually up, you're at 100%
           | reliability (but not 100% uptime).
        
             | rakoo wrote:
             | I think you're being pedantic over the meaning of words;
             | true, a website that announces being up 1 minute per year
             | and is up 1 minute per year is 100% reliable. But in common
             | discussions, reliable really means "up and running".
             | 
             | Now, maybe you're right and we should be using another
             | word, and aim towards less uptime ?
        
         | 1-more wrote:
         | > if companies have working hours, why couldn't websites
         | 
         | B&H Photo is offline on Saturdays to keep the Sabbath.
        
         | bennyp101 wrote:
         | "However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't
         | websites?"
         | 
         | There is a UK Gov website that only works during certain times
         | (I think it's something to do with DVLA) - although I assume
         | that is a technical thing, rather than it being powered by
         | solar!
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | Companies House used to have this. You could only register a
           | new company 9am-5pm, Monday to Friday (and public holidays
           | were also excluded).
        
         | gnur wrote:
         | > Less than 100% reliability is essential
         | 
         | This is actually a take most SRE's would / should believe.
         | Every added 9 to the reliability increases the price
         | exponentially. Finding the correct level of reliability is
         | something most companies should focus more on, because
         | sometimes a single physical machine that could go down once a
         | year for a few hours is perfectly capable of providing all the
         | resources a medium seized business could need. Proper backups,
         | monitoring and recovery runbooks can even decrease the downtime
         | of such a simple system to minutes, while easily saving you
         | maybe thousands per month.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | My former employer use to target 99% uptime for non-essential
           | systems. It made a ton of sense, the cost of downtime was
           | often incredibly low, while the cost and complexity of making
           | it 4 9s was really high.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | There's a _huge_ jump in cost and operational style, to go
             | from two nines to three, because it means you _have to_
             | have 24 /7 support coverage or an on call rotation (and
             | good alerting, or else it's for naught) for nights. Two
             | nines just means you need someone to check their messages
             | sometimes, during the day, on weekends. One nine, and you
             | can forget about the weekends, too--and that's actually
             | sorta OK for certain applications.
             | 
             | Three nines also means you can't afford to intentionally
             | take a system down to work on it, or you'll burn all your
             | "oopsie" downtime. That means a _ton_ more work in
             | infrastructure and deployment processes, than two nines.
        
           | y4mi wrote:
           | Esp if you consider bare metal servers. I'm currently paying
           | 45EUR for a Ryzen server with 64gb ECC ram and 1tb nvme
           | storage (raid1).
           | 
           | The speed is incredible if compared to ec2 or root server
           | performance from other vendors. Even if they've dedicated
           | resources.
        
             | KronisLV wrote:
             | > I'm currently paying 45EUR for a Ryzen server with 64gb
             | ECC ram and 1tb nvme storage (raid1).
             | 
             | That does sound like a really good deal!
             | 
             | Until now i've only been using VPSes (apart from homelab
             | servers as CI nodes etc.) because they're cheaper for the
             | smaller sizes, but for comparison's sake, the cheapest VPS
             | provider's (that i know of and trust) offering with 64 GB
             | of RAM and 640 GB of storage would cost ~260 euros a month:
             | https://www.time4vps.com/?affid=5294
             | 
             | Well, i guess there's also other VPS providers out there
             | that can nearly match the price, like Contabo, though they
             | do have mixed reviews: https://contabo.com/en/ (personally
             | i just found their UI to be extremely dated and there are
             | setup fees, but otherwise they were decent), though even
             | then they'd cost anywhere from 30 - 90 euros a month.
        
               | y4mi wrote:
               | yeah, low resource VPSs are great value if you don't mind
               | the performance too much.
               | 
               | I was using a Netcup root server with 2 dedicated
               | cores/8gb ram before i switched to my current hetzner
               | baremetal server. It only cost ~7EUR per month, so much
               | better value if i you don't mind that everything just
               | takes a little longer.
               | 
               | i dont think i'll ever go back though. even using the
               | shell on the baremetal server is so much more responsive
               | vs the vps.
               | 
               | but for what its worth: you can get a VPS with similar
               | resources (16 cores, 64gb ram, 2tb ssd) for 40EUR with
               | netcup.
        
             | kuon wrote:
             | May I ask you were you rent it?
        
               | bennyp101 wrote:
               | I pay about the same for a server from Hetzner - from the
               | server auctions (https://www.hetzner.com/sb)
               | 
               | - AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor (Cores 12)
               | 
               | - 64GB
               | 
               | - 2 x 2TB HDDs
        
               | kuon wrote:
               | That's cheap.
               | 
               | We really underestimate the costs of running in the
               | cloud.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | It's mostly marketing of aws employees and professionals
               | that built their career around aws price and complexity.
               | 
               | A great idea to be honest, the market willing to overpay
               | for server will probably be able to pay more to you.
        
               | bennyp101 wrote:
               | I guess a lot of the cloud costs are due to not having to
               | really manage anything yourself - you are essentially
               | paying for a team of people to keep the 'server' up and
               | running and make sure that things 'Just Work' (largely,
               | anyway)
        
             | bennyp101 wrote:
             | And anything that is static and needs to be up can just be
             | cached at the edge somewhere, which is peanuts really, and
             | means that if your bare metal goes down, you can still keep
             | something up
        
             | _3u10 wrote:
             | The cache misses alone mean the cloud should be cheaper
             | than bare metal. In general you can buy outright any cloud
             | service for about 3 months of the price of the cloud.
             | 
             | Why anyone would run their pointer chasing code in a heavy
             | cache eviction environment is beyond me. The code is slow
             | to start with, and then you make sure that none of your
             | data is in the cache. Why you'd pay 10x for slower hardware
             | makes no sense.
             | 
             | What people should be doing is running on bare metal and
             | turning off all the garbage meltdown protections that kill
             | performance. If you're not a cloud provider and you're
             | allowing people to execute arbitrary code on your hardware,
             | you've got much bigger problems than meltdown.
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | > In general you can buy outright any cloud service for
               | about 3 months of the price of the cloud.
               | 
               | If you compare on demand lrice for cloud, sure. Reserved
               | and spot instances change the balance significantly. If
               | you're running a handful of servers, sure it's a no
               | brainer. But when you start dealing with any sort of
               | human cost (operations, it) the savings you get are
               | dwarfed by the human costs because that's what you're
               | paying for with aws and azure. And, when you're at mega
               | scale you're negotiating separate deals anyway.
               | 
               | That's also not considering the value of the combined
               | offerings. On aws for example, I can spin up a kubernetes
               | cluster with rolling updates pushed by GitHub actions in
               | less time than it took me to write this comment, and it
               | will be usable and modifiable by anyone who has
               | experience with aws or k8s. the cost savings of running
               | my own infrastructure and managing all the moving pieces
               | is dwarfed by the fact that the service provided is
               | widely used and well known.
        
           | jamespwilliams wrote:
           | The Google SRE book, which I think is a reasonable reflection
           | of SRE culture generally, actually mentions this in the very
           | first chapter.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I was surprised by the difficulty in getting a company to
           | accept a target of "three nines five" (0.9995) at a time when
           | they were growing rapidly and launching new physical and
           | digital products on a rapid and continuous basis. I
           | prevailed, but what I expected would be a five minute
           | conversation took a couple 45 minute discussions (reducing
           | the work uptime of people in those discussions to 0.9993 for
           | the year... :) )
           | 
           | Slowing your young company down in order to turn 0.9995 to
           | 0.9998 is almost always a terrible trade. Even turning 0.995
           | to 0.999 is hard to justify in most places. (That improvement
           | saves about 35 hours of downtime per year.)
        
             | auggierose wrote:
             | Is there a rigorous framework to arrive at those targets?
             | How do you know what you built has 0.9995 uptime, and not
             | just 0.99?
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | If you're a large corporation one way to get a good idea
               | is by having lots and lots of fire drills around various
               | disaster scenarios and time how long actual service
               | restoration and re-routing takes. For other companies
               | it's just guess work.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | By far the easiest way is to measure it after the fact,
               | but I know that's not what you're asking... :)
               | 
               | We did do some "analysis", meaning that we made some
               | underlying guesses and multiplied them together, but the
               | real value is in getting people to think that 1.000 is
               | not the actual goal-line, then tracking and doing RCA on
               | all the outages, bucketing them into categories so you
               | know whether to invest more in diverse networking,
               | software testing, HA for DB servers, failover sites, zero
               | downtime releases, etc.
               | 
               | Many times, you can avoid entire massive projects ("we
               | need to be hosted in 2 geographically diverse data
               | centers for availability" "uh, no we don't; we have a
               | budget of 262 minutes of downtime per year and that
               | project will save us less than 60 minutes per year on
               | average, using the _best case assumption_ that our own
               | changes to implement it cause no downtime")
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | No amount of money makes a system 100% reliable.
           | 
           | On small platforms we are still stuck into the 1990's
           | approach of having one reliable system.
           | 
           | We need distributed[1] systems and protocols even in small
           | applications. Easy to use and self-healing.
           | 
           | [1] No, I'm not talking about blockchains
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | Around 2012-2013 I was working on an online education
           | platform. We had a whole web application that would serve
           | video content, collect student answers and analyze in real-
           | time(ish) the student progress in order to find out the next
           | action for the student - e.g, if the student starts to get
           | questions wrong that they were getting right before, we'd
           | take it as a sign of fatigue and would recommend them to take
           | a break. Or if the student was showing that has mastered a
           | topic, we would jump ahead in the lesson to something else
           | that needed more work.
           | 
           | So we needed a web server, a database, a queue system to run
           | these heuristics and we needed to host/distribute ~100GB
           | worth of content, most of it video.
           | 
           | We were bootstrapping, so I was trying to (1) save as much as
           | possible on operational costs and (2) punt on all the
           | "scaling issues" that would require more of my devops time
           | that would be better spent developing and adding more
           | features. I deployed the whole system on a single server from
           | Hetzner: Django app, Postgresql, Redis for caching and
           | session management, RabbitMQ for celery. All in one machine
           | with 32GB of RAM and a RAID system with enough capacity to
           | hold the data. I think it was costing us less than
           | 50EUR/month. That is all we needed to (easily) serve ~800
           | students and the staff who would author new content.
           | 
           | In the end we delivered everything we promised to our first
           | customer, but we were not able to grow our revenue as much as
           | we expected, so by end of 2013 we just put the whole company
           | on the backburner, got a small maintenance contract with the
           | main customer and went on to find another jobs.
           | 
           | From end-2013 until 2018, I needed only to make sure that our
           | domains and SSL certificates were up-to-date every six
           | months, upgrade django packages in case of security issues
           | and deal with _ONE_ incident (in 2016 IIRC) where a disk
           | failure put the array in degraded mode, which I solved by
           | getting a new server at Hetzner (better specs and cheaper,
           | after all those years), warning the customer that the service
           | would be taken offline for a couple of hours later in the
           | day, rsyncing the content, restoring the database and
           | redeploying the application with the fabric script.
           | 
           | This is one the projects that I am most proud of what was
           | accomplished given all the constraints and made me realize
           | the difference between a Software Developer and an Engineer.
           | Yet, it translates to a very poor entry on an CV. We are too
           | used to ask on interviews what people have done and what
           | technologies they have used, but we rarely ask about the
           | moments where it was best to _avoid_ doing something.
        
         | Heneeque wrote:
         | I just don't think it is a real issue.
         | 
         | It is much easier to have it from renewable sources as your DC
         | doesn't move and the CO2 to social benefit is so huge.
         | 
         | Imagine giving up all mass CO2 producers, alone transport of
         | people and goods but still being connected to everyone and
         | sharing knowledge and learning etc.
         | 
         | I would like to see addicting things like reddit having office
         | hours but being able to shop at night for something I need
         | (like a new pair of pants after the ol d one ripped) is saving
         | tons of CO2.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | B&H Photo website observed the sabbath and won't sell you
         | anything during.
         | 
         | There are things which are actually life critical that you want
         | to be up and then there's everything else, many people have
         | really strange opinions about downtime and treat it like some
         | kind of immorality.
         | 
         | I don't really buy the power arguments about extra capacity but
         | that's a big thing.
        
           | rambambram wrote:
           | In The Netherlands there are (or were) Christian political
           | parties shutting down their websites on Sunday automatically.
        
             | belter wrote:
             | For real? Do they request medical services to be up on
             | Sunday or the Lord protects them? :-)
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | I can't speak to the Christians, but even the most
               | orthodox Jews I know support emergency services on the
               | Sabbath -- and they'd absolutely drive someone to the
               | emergency room if it came to that. Doing your best to
               | observe a day of rest doesn't mean you can't choose to do
               | work if it serves a greater good. (Whereas I'm pretty
               | sure people won't die if they have to wait an extra day
               | to order their camera equipment.)
        
               | belter wrote:
               | In the scenario you mentioned sounds tricky...
               | 
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1553-27
               | 12....
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | That's a great article and spot on.
               | 
               | And it's definitely complicated. Just because work
               | necessary to preserve human life is allowed doesn't mean
               | anything done in a hospital is therefore permitted -- a
               | sizeable fraction of the work in a hospital is about
               | bookkeeping, billing, insurance, scheduling followups,
               | paperwork, etc which can wait a day or two without anyone
               | dying.
        
         | ricardolopes wrote:
         | OTOH with global replication, it should be possible to keep
         | closer to 100% uptime running on solar. We would need continued
         | cloudy weather globally to bring every solar powered server
         | down at the same time.
         | 
         | Global replication could also give us more edge computing,
         | which puts less load on global infrastructure (assuming good
         | weather to use the nearest server), which in turn should be
         | able to reduce resources consumption a bit more.
        
           | sprkwd wrote:
           | Like this: http://solarprotocol.net/
        
             | ricardolopes wrote:
             | Yes, like exactly like that. That website may look a bit
             | too hobbyist, but that setup could definitely be used for
             | other websites as well.
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | That's bad, it depends on web tecnologies.
             | 
             | Give a check to NNCP:
             | 
             | https://nncp.mirrors.quux.org
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | I don't necessarily disagree with using web tech, but I
               | do think store-and-forward is a lot more resilient than
               | an always-pull model like the web. I mean, that's what a
               | CDN is essentially: content is stored and forwarded to
               | other CDN instances so that a user can consume it.
        
         | yakubin wrote:
         | One of my pet-peeves is how common it is for applications these
         | days to assume you always have a reliable Internet connection.
         | The shift to webapps makes the whole system really fragile. All
         | it takes for an app to become unusable for everyone is a
         | failure in just a couple nodes in the system.
         | 
         | I don't use GitHub for work, but it's always amusing to see the
         | cries of people who do, when it does down from time to time.
         | The ability of many companies around the world to continue
         | operating depends on just one company continuously making the
         | right calls.
         | 
         | In the future, when Ubisoft's servers go down, I won't be able
         | to play Assassin's Creed games anymore, even though the servers
         | don't really provide any value to me as a player.
         | 
         | On Spotify I keep downloading the same songs over and over
         | again. Poisoning the environment more than if I got a CD. These
         | days I try to buy songs to download once and then play in my
         | favourite offline music player.
         | 
         | And of course SSH, the "secure shell", application which
         | doesn't really optimize for shells. Responsiveness of typing
         | things in the shell prompt relies on the quality of the
         | Internet connection and the CPU load on the server machine - a
         | process during which the server doesn't really have anything
         | interesting to say.
         | 
         | I'm working on the side on creating a company and those
         | opinions lead me to choose the harder path of desktop
         | applications which don't need Internet connection for anything
         | that doesn't require it by definition. They're more resilient
         | and comfortable to use. I'll probably fail, but I really can't
         | make any other choice at the moment, I need to at least try and
         | see for myself.
        
           | zardo wrote:
           | I tried using the Libby app, my local library system uses it
           | for digital "loans".
           | 
           | You can download your checkout, but the app requires an
           | internet connection. No signal, no audiobook.
        
           | xena wrote:
           | When those Ubisoft servers go down for good, the pirated
           | copies of those games will be the ones preserved forever
           | instead of the release ones.
        
             | throwaway946513 wrote:
             | See Driver: San Francisco
             | 
             | One of my favorite games, if not overall favorite. It's
             | impossible to find a new copy now. Any legal copy you find
             | is likely only a CD-key from some reseller site, or a
             | physical disc for PS3/Xbox 360.
             | 
             | It's not available from Ubisoft's store, nor Steam's store
             | (where I purchased my copy).
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | > I'm working on the side on creating a company and those
           | opinions lead me to choose the harder path of desktop
           | applications which don't need Internet connection for
           | anything that doesn't require it by definition. They're more
           | resilient and comfortable to use. I'll probably fail, but I
           | really can't make any other choice at the moment, I need to
           | at least try and see for myself.
           | 
           | Very refreshing, I really appreciate that choice. As humans
           | in tech I'm sure it's frustrating that everything requires
           | accounts and constantly online services, since we can imagine
           | the software working perfectly fine without it. Games are
           | especially nefarious with account requirements, but even
           | different work software will fail without an account. Using a
           | modern 3D art authoring pipeline can easily have you logged
           | in to two or three services while you work.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > On Spotify I keep downloading the same songs over and over
           | again. Poisoning the environment more than if I got a CD.
           | These days I try to buy songs to download once and then play
           | in my favourite offline music player.
           | 
           | I buy all of my music through bandcamp, download the FLAC
           | files to my home server and play those. I prefer to pay an
           | artist for their work directly or a label who might offer a
           | physical or shirt/patch/etc. I also like the concept of
           | buying an album because often times the album is a complete
           | work, not a loose collection.
           | 
           | I tried spotify for a few days and it was a poor experience
           | as the suggestions were terrible, the selection weak, plus
           | they barley pay small artists. No thanks.
        
           | nextaccountic wrote:
           | There are more responsive alternatives to ssh, like mosh
           | https://mosh.org/ (discussed recently
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28150287)
           | 
           | And uhm.. eternal terminal? https://eternalterminal.dev/
           | (discussed in 2019
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21640200)
           | 
           | And, perhaps others? There's this article
           | https://console.dev/articles/ssh-alternatives-for-mobile-
           | low... (edit: I just submitted it to HN
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29081008)
        
           | BTCOG wrote:
           | Although a tad bit of a tangent, I've been fed up with the
           | entire new past couple generations of game consoles needing
           | to be online, and having no physical media. I've not had a
           | gaming console since the Xbox 360 era due to this. I do not
           | like needing to be always online to play a game, and I do not
           | like how it can need to be patched and updated on a whim. I
           | want to buy a game, play it how I want, and have the physical
           | copy. I want it to be a finished product when I buy it.
           | Devices and games (webapps, modern console games, even smart
           | phones apps and games) that require being online, I hope to
           | only be a fad. I won't support it.
           | 
           | As pertains to lowtechmagazine - Love these guys, love the
           | idea, love the minimalist culture about it. Fully support it!
        
           | rakoo wrote:
           | Totally agree with your points, but for SSH in particular
           | mosh (https://mosh.org/) specifically answers the issue of
           | SSH responsivity. The client optimistically renders what
           | should happen on the server, and the server confirms when it
           | can.
           | 
           | > I'm working on the side on creating a company and those
           | opinions lead me to choose the harder path of desktop
           | applications which don't need Internet connection for
           | anything that doesn't require it by definition. They're more
           | resilient and comfortable to use. I'll probably fail, but I
           | really can't make any other choice at the moment, I need to
           | at least try and see for myself.
           | 
           | Is that in line with the offline-first movement ? I can only
           | cheer you on this journey, because constant connectivity eats
           | our focus and our planet. I'd love to see what you come up
           | with :)
        
           | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
           | > I don't use GitHub for work, but it's always amusing to see
           | the cries of people who do, when it does down from time to
           | time. The ability of many companies around the world to
           | continue operating depends on just one company continuously
           | making the right calls.
           | 
           | Your general point is taken, but, yet, in this particular
           | case, git is the (or "a") perfect answer to the host not
           | being available. Other remotes could be used to route around
           | the failure.
        
             | yakubin wrote:
             | Git - yes, GitHub (issue tracker + CI) - no. That's one of
             | my favourite parts of Git actually - how much you can do
             | offline.
             | 
             | In the companies I've worked for so far, issue tracker and
             | CI have been self-hosted along with the rest of company
             | infra. One fewer point of failure.
        
         | jhgb wrote:
         | > Less than 100% reliability is essential for the
         | sustainability of an off-the-grid solar system, because above a
         | certain threshold the fossil fuel energy used for producing and
         | replacing the batteries is higher than the fossil fuel energy
         | saved by the solar panels.
         | 
         | I wonder if whoever wrote this has actually done the
         | calculations. These days it's not really difficult to provide
         | fairly reliable solar power by overgenerating while _still_
         | beating fossil fuels - perhaps not beating them as much as with
         | zero overgeneration, but beating them anyway. So I 'd take the
         | quoted text with a considerably large grain of salt.
        
         | nwsm wrote:
         | > Saying that sacrificing uptime is a good thing for achieving
         | a particular goal is a take that's so wildly out of line with
         | what most of the industry believes is refreshing, because it
         | really makes you think. What would the world look like, if
         | instead of being obsessed with SRE we simply assumed or
         | accepted that there will be downtime, and treated it like
         | something perfectly normal. Maybe a nice message at
         | ingress/load balancer level, telling everyone that the site
         | will be back in a bit.
         | 
         | The difference is that here, the downtime saves energy.
         | "Normal" downtime is unintentional. Servers are still running,
         | just in an error state. They may be constantly attempting to
         | restart themselves at some level (looking at you, k8s). Users
         | are still trying to hit them and their requests may be
         | partially handled. Traffic may be pushed over to newly spun up
         | instances.
         | 
         | We can accept that things happen and running large internet
         | services is hard, and SREs and developers everywhere will
         | rejoice, but it won't save energy.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > However, if companies have working hours, why couldn't
         | websites? What a funny thought.
         | 
         | Our banks have those, and it's a really shitty experience.
         | 
         | Yeah, sure, e-bank works, you pay, but if the person receiving
         | the money is at another bank, that my bank has no extra
         | contract with, I have to wait until the next workday for the
         | funds to be transfered. If I want to buy something with a bank
         | transfer on a friday night, the funds won't get transfered
         | until monday morning.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | You are in the US? In Norway it typically happens within the
           | same day but my bank (SBanken.no) also offers instant
           | transfers to other banks even at the weekend.
           | 
           | If both sender and recipient use a mobile phone service like
           | Vipps then the recipient also receives the money immediately
           | (within seconds) regardless of whether they use the same
           | bank. I think similar services exist in other countries too.
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | Spaniard here. Yes, we have something similar like that.
        
       | jmnicolas wrote:
       | > These black-and-white images are then coloured according to the
       | pertaining content category via the browser's native image
       | manipulation capacities.
       | 
       | But then thousands of browsers are going to consume more
       | electricity to render the images. So if we're thinking globally
       | it would be better to do the job once on the server.
        
         | dinkelberg wrote:
         | Agree. They could just add color palettes to their PNG files.
         | The files could essentially stay the same. See: [1]
         | 
         | Their use of PNG files for photographs does not make sense
         | anyway, though. If they used 1-component JPEG files (greyscale
         | or possibly including a custom color profile to achieve the
         | tinted effect), they could achieve similar file sizes with
         | greatly enhanced image quality.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-
         | PNG-20031110/#4Concepts.Index...
        
       | haywirez wrote:
       | Would be fascinating to see a similar tips & tricks breakdown for
       | minimum-viable 3D content.
        
       | powersnail wrote:
       | The only JS I need on my blog is Mathjax. Is there a static site
       | generator that can render latex equations into svg's
       | automatically?
       | 
       | On the one hand, I want to get rid of JS. On the other hand, I
       | prefer to keep the plain text equation in my markdowns, rather
       | than generating and linking to an image.
       | 
       | I feel like I'm one long weekend away from building my own SSG to
       | do this.
        
         | guyomes wrote:
         | GladTex [0] converts latex math in html files to SVG images
         | with links. If you prefer to write your source webpage in
         | markdown, you can also use it with pandoc [1] like this (from
         | the manual):
         | 
         | ~~~
         | 
         | pandoc -s --gladtex input.md -o myfile.htex
         | 
         | gladtex -d image_dir myfile.htex
         | 
         | # produces myfile.html and images in image_dir
         | 
         | ~~~
         | 
         | [0]: https://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
         | 
         | [1]: https://pandoc.org/MANUAL.html#math-rendering-in-html
        
         | boramalper wrote:
         | > The only JS I need on my blog is Mathjax. Is there a static
         | site generator that can render latex equations into svg's
         | automatically?
         | 
         | KaTeX. https://katex.org/docs/api.html#server-side-rendering-
         | or-ren...
         | 
         | Though not to SVG, see
         | https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/issues/375 tracking the
         | progress.
        
         | dinkelberg wrote:
         | Is there a reason why you do not want to use MathML for
         | embedding equations in HTML? If not, it might be a good
         | alternative to SVGs because MathML equations can be read aloud
         | by screen readers. (If the screen reader is good.)
         | 
         | MathJax, which uses MathML internally, claims to improve
         | accessibility also for users of "bad" screenreaders. [1]
         | 
         | Apparently, you can use pandoc to convert markdown files with
         | LaTeX equations to HTML with embedded MathML using "pandoc
         | math.text -s --mathml -o mathMathML.html". [2]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/basic/accessibility.html#...
         | 
         | [2] https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/352636
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | Learn groff, pic and eqn under Linux/Unix and use groff to
         | export to HTML5.
        
       | d3vmax wrote:
       | Downtime can be avoided by using UPS which can be charged when
       | solar energy is available.
       | 
       | Another alternative to Text Only logo would have been to use SVG
       | logo which can be achieved in less than 1.5 KB.
        
         | foxfluff wrote:
         | They do have a battery, of course they have a battery. But they
         | want to keep it sustainable, which a large battery is arguably
         | not: https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/01/how-sustainable-
         | is...
        
       | juloo wrote:
       | What does low tech means in this context ? It's still a computer,
       | with complication on top: solar panels, battery.
       | 
       | All the hardware they use requires some energy to be built, the
       | network consumes a lot of energy too.
       | 
       | How does this compare to a VPS server at a cloud provider or
       | using the grid electricity (no solar panel) ?
       | 
       | I'd expect individual VMs to use less energy compared to a
       | decicated computer.
       | 
       | Is it really greener to stop using the grid electricity but
       | instead buy a small solar panel ? Surely that'll be less green
       | than the grid 20 years in the future.
       | 
       | The article contains many sources but doesn't compare other
       | solutions. 2.5 watts is impressive, though.
        
       | Robotbeat wrote:
       | The claim that the last 5% can only be provided by either higher
       | embodied fossil fuel costs in the batteries OR by burning fossil
       | fuels wouldn't be true, BTW, if you used fuels which are non-
       | fossil to provide that last 5% of energy. It's problematic to
       | have a sort of alchemical understanding of energy that it HAS to
       | at some point come from _fossil_ fuels OR you have to
       | significantly reduce capability somehow (in this case, website
       | reliability).
       | 
       | In fact, the US didn't use hardly any fossil fuels (virtually all
       | wood or water) until well after the Industrial Revolution (late
       | 1700s to 1820). Even for ironmaking, the US primarily used
       | charcoal (not coal) until around the 1840s, after the first
       | Industrial Revolution, and coal didn't exceed wood for fuel in
       | the US until the mid 1880s. American industry (and much of
       | Britain's) was powered by water power, channeled to different
       | buildings, etc. American trains and steamboats ran on biomass.
       | Most US iron used to build these things was made using biomass.
       | (Britain was different because they simply didn't have as much
       | land and had cut down their trees already.) Sustainably harvested
       | biomass (or electrically synthesized fuels like hydrogen) is a
       | valid source for that last 5%.
       | 
       | Ultimately, there's a large energy cost to non-reliability, BTW.
       | Any kind of real automation (which mass production--and thus
       | abundance and solar panel production--relies on) relies on its
       | components being highly reliable. Non-automated handcrafted
       | everything means large embodied labor, which means energy usage
       | from human metabolism.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Charcoal may not be fossil, but it still releases CO2 into the
         | atmosphere, right?
        
           | amalcon wrote:
           | Sort of. Charcoal is made from wood; the released carbon was
           | generally extracted from the atmosphere by the tree.
           | 
           | To parent's point, in pre-industrial and early-industrial
           | times, most of this would have come from pre-existing trees
           | cut for the purpose. This will prematurely release that
           | carbon. If it had come from farmed trees, like it might
           | today, then it could be net zero with respect to CO2 over the
           | whole cycle. The "could" is important there, as the process
           | of turning wood into charcoal doesn't need to be carbon
           | neutral (though it probably could be).
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | It's worth pointing out that I live in an area where pre-
             | industrial times had all the trees cut down, and it's full
             | of dense trees now, so all the CO2 released by that
             | charcoal has been recaptured. Even non-sustainably-
             | harvested biomass can regenerate about 6 orders of
             | magnitude faster than fossil fuels do...
             | 
             | Fast growing trees could regenerate in 10-20 years. Crops
             | can regenerate in a few months to a year. (Ignoring
             | regeneration time can screw up return on energy
             | calculations, BTW...)
             | 
             | I think relying primarily on biomass for energy is a bad
             | idea, but for that last few percent, it's not bad.
        
       | HamburgerEmoji wrote:
       | It's OK to use energy. There's no shortage of it. Please keep
       | your eye on the target: pollution.
        
       | toto444 wrote:
       | > One of the fundamental choices we made was to build a static
       | website.
       | 
       | The corollary of this one is : do not offer the possibility of
       | creating a user account when it adds no value. Some analytics
       | that no one cares about does not provide value for instance.
        
         | playpause wrote:
         | Value to the user or value to the website owner? Analytics do
         | provide value to the website owner.
         | 
         | I assume you mean value for the user, and I would agree that's
         | a nice goal, but you make out it's somehow self-evident and
         | aligned with all relevant incentives.
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | I have two "diskless" servers that operate as ephemeral file
         | hosting, like a pastebin. One runs Up1, but in tmpfs. When it
         | boots it copies everything to tmpfs and tells all logging to go
         | to /tmp. I run that one on a t1.micro or equivalent - basically
         | a raspberry pi. The storage is touched on boot and that's it. I
         | never bothered to make the rootfs remount read-only, but that
         | would be fun, too.
         | 
         | The other one is a message queue sort of thing, and I don't
         | want records of the messages (there's way too many), so it's
         | all done in ram too.
         | 
         | Both can be rebooted arbitrarily with a half minute service
         | interruption - and I often reboot them because they run out of
         | 'storage', and I go through and compile "LTS" kernels and
         | patches for the software 2-4 times a year. The nodejs Up1 is so
         | locked down I don't mess with node anymore, though.
         | 
         | If I had faster internet I would host everything on low power
         | computers on-site. It's my favorite way to run systems.
        
       | z3t4 wrote:
       | You could also take advantage of economy of scale and host your
       | static web site on a CDN - together with thousands of other web
       | sites. And pick a CDN that runs entirely on "green" energy.
        
       | human wrote:
       | I can't help but say that even WordPress can be served as a
       | "static site" if caching is done right. And maybe the fact that I
       | use an ad-blocker is saving a few watts per week.
        
         | prox wrote:
         | I use the LiveCanvas builder, and it does just that, output
         | static files on WP. https://livecanvas.com/
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | Low tech in this case means off grid.
       | 
       | Imo low tech does not have to mean low availability, low tech
       | website to me is a static website hosted on object storage with
       | some cloud based CDN infront.
        
         | sexy_seedbox wrote:
         | Yeah, but how green are some of these CDNs?
        
           | INTPenis wrote:
           | Well then it's a green website. The low-tech part in the
           | title is misleading because it can mean so many things to
           | different people. In this case it's actually green, off grid
           | but complex and relatively high tech for the setup process.
        
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