[HN Gopher] Covid-19 Mortality Risk Correlates Inversely with Vi...
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       Covid-19 Mortality Risk Correlates Inversely with Vitamin D3 Status
        
       Author : Ambolia
       Score  : 131 points
       Date   : 2021-10-31 17:32 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | glofish wrote:
       | There is a long history of Vitamin D deficiency being linked to
       | cancer, heart disease, respiratory infection, stroke, diabetes,
       | and death. For a detailed discussion of the subject see the blog
       | post: Vitamin D - The evidence
       | 
       | https://www.devaboone.com/post/vitamin-d-part-3-the-evidence...
       | 
       | > _" We now have results for over 1500 RCTs on Vitamin D
       | supplementation. Some of the largest and most significant trials
       | are listed and summarized at the end of this article. When tested
       | on its ability to prevent disease, Vitamin D has failed to live
       | up to expectations."_
       | 
       | Thousands of peer reviewed research papers have been published
       | that Vitamin D does truly work for cancer and stroke etc and all
       | the above. But then, as the blog points out, none of the claims
       | held once bigger and properly designed RCTs were performed. The
       | only disease provably cured by Vitamin D supplementation was ...
       | Vitamin D deficiency.
       | 
       | Hence I am quite skeptical here as well. The eagerness to embrace
       | Vitamin D as a silver bullet is no different than that of
       | Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine.
       | 
       | It is not that simple to cure COVID - people dearly wish it were
       | hence they want to believe.
        
         | hatsunearu wrote:
         | D3 (and a bunch of other vitamins) might just be a proxy for
         | simply good nutrition or even just wealth. If your D3 levels
         | are alright, maybe everything else in your health is alright?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | Yes, but unfortunately there is a genetic element which has
           | been disentangled with regard to vitamin d production
           | otherwise. I.e. certain minorities in the developed world
           | have good otherwise health but poor vit-d due to the
           | production being related to absorbed sunlight through the
           | skin
        
           | jinpa_zangpo wrote:
           | There are relatively few dietary sources of Vitamin D, fatty
           | fish and fortified foods being the main sources. It is quite
           | possible to eat a healthy diet and be deficient in Vitamin D
           | if you do not eat these foods. The principal source of
           | Vitamin D is exposure to sunlight on bare skin and people at
           | northern latitudes cannot get sufficient exposure during the
           | winter.
        
           | glofish wrote:
           | yes, I think you are onto something, for ever research paper
           | they need to properly disentangle and normalize the various
           | effects - controlling the factors.
           | 
           | Sounds like disentangling vitamin D levels is much more
           | difficult than say controlling for social status, or income,
           | age etc.
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | Yep. Now is that related to overall wealth of people with low
           | vit-d. Or is it linked to other factors like genetic
           | heritage?
           | 
           | The extreme low cases of vit-d in developed nations tends to
           | have a genetic component or other health thing. But the
           | genetic link I think has been disentangled from overall
           | affluence. I.e. certain people if they take vit-d supplements
           | can improve their overall health.
        
           | PaulKeeble wrote:
           | Its certain correlated with disability. Those who are
           | chronically ill wont be getting out into the sun as much and
           | tend to have low Vitamin D. It is a well known proxy for
           | overall health.
        
         | pgeorgi wrote:
         | The title is quite something. The part that made it here seems
         | reasonable enough, as it can be understood as "higher D3 levels
         | help in not dying as much as with lower D3 levels" which is
         | possible.
         | 
         | The other half is "a Mortality Rate Close to Zero Could
         | Theoretically Be Achieved at 50 ng/mL 25(OH)D3" which the
         | abstract argues for because "Regression suggested a theoretical
         | point of zero mortality at approximately 50 ng/mL D3."
         | 
         | Someone sent in the clowns. (after that abstract I'm not sure I
         | want to check out the details)
        
           | glofish wrote:
           | I agree, that they even have a dosage at which they predict
           | zero deaths is nothing short of ludicrous. It gives away that
           | they authors are unqualified.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | azalemeth wrote:
             | Why not go one further, and suggest Lazarus-like effects at
             | 100 ng/mL?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | phonypc wrote:
           | > _after that abstract I 'm not sure I want to check out the
           | details_
           | 
           | There's a fairly short review of why the study is kinda silly
           | here: https://gidmk.medium.com/vitamin-d-covid-19-and-the-
           | promise-...
        
             | m0llusk wrote:
             | That article is just a load of snark. It starts off my
             | claiming that Vitamin D is suggested as a cure for all
             | kinds of things, but the science shows that low Vitamin D
             | levels are correlated with various diseases. There is a
             | huge difference between saying low levels should be avoided
             | in order to reduce disease and claiming that there is a
             | cure. Not being able to tell the difference shows a lack of
             | interest or understanding in the basic science involved.
             | Railing against purported false claims is a rhetorical
             | tactic and it is worth noting there are no citations for
             | any of the claimed cure claims.
             | 
             | And the science involved is quite complex as recent studies
             | have suggested that people can become resistant to Vitamin
             | D in a way that mirrors insulin sensitivity. This means
             | that serum levels vary in ways that are very much not
             | directly related to supplementation, especially dietary
             | supplementation.
             | 
             | In any case getting distracted by the "Regression SUGGESTED
             | a THEORETICAL zero point of mortality ..." remark doesn't
             | make sense because even Vitamin D enthusiasts rarely
             | sustain levels much above 40.
        
         | calibas wrote:
         | It's proactive, not reactive treatment for a disease. It's part
         | of being healthy in the first place, which prevents developing
         | severe COVID, cancer, heart disease, respiratory infection,
         | stroke, diabetes, and death. It's like a car, you give it oil
         | and maintenance to prevent engine damage, you don't give it oil
         | to fix engine damage.
         | 
         | Acting like binging on Vitamin D is supposed to suddenly cure
         | any of those diseases is a complete misunderstanding how all
         | this works. You can greatly reduce your likelihood of severe
         | COVID and 100 other serious/fatal diseases through simple
         | lifestyle changes, but they're not cures for those diseases.
         | And fixing vitamin D deficiency shouldn't mean you take more
         | pills, it should mean you get more exercise out in the Sun.
         | 
         | Also, if vitamin D deficiency is an underlying cause of severe
         | COVID, that would explain the enormous racial inequality for
         | hospitalization and deaths rates. All these things are linked
         | to the amount of melanin in one's skin. The hospitalization and
         | death rates for COVID are double for people with Native
         | American and African blood, and both groups have much higher
         | rates of Vitamin D deficiency.
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investi...
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/nutritionreport/pdf/Second%20Nutrition%2...
        
           | mattzito wrote:
           | Right, but the GP-linked study disagrees with your assertion:
           | 
           | " We now have results for over 1500 RCTs on Vitamin D
           | supplementation. Some of the largest and most significant
           | trials are listed and summarized at the end of this article.
           | When tested on its ability to prevent disease, Vitamin D has
           | failed to live up to expectations."
           | 
           | So no, it does not seem to work
        
             | new_stranger wrote:
             | The 1500 RCT's are actually only 31 studies from what I can
             | see. Those studies are do not all overlap either, they are
             | all over the spectrum (D3 and flu, D3 and mortality, D3 and
             | having children with Asthma).
             | 
             | While good sources for specifics, there is a lot of wiggle
             | room for follow up in some of these spaces where the
             | results amount to a single study.
             | 
             | I think the summaries speak for themselves:
             | 
             | > "Vitamin D ... ... did reduce cancer death by 16%"
             | 
             | > "Vitamin D did not reduce the risk of cancer"
             | 
             | Seems like more research is needed here in these specific
             | areas along with what exact version of D3 we are talking
             | about (they are not all manufactured or extracted the same)
             | and if supporting nutrients/lifestyles effect anything.
             | 
             | I think the article just makes the good point that D3 isn't
             | the magic bullet to any and all sickness without really
             | being able to specify with a high level of certainly what
             | it does help with.
        
         | vibrato2 wrote:
         | Why parrot the incorrect denigration of ivermectin and
         | hydroxychloroquine in this post?
         | 
         | Misinformation and all... c19ivermectin.com
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | The statement is broadly that this is not intended as a
         | treatment but offers a useful way of deciding how likely a
         | patient is to not respond to initial therapy.
         | 
         | I don't think a sensible person is suggesting a massive dose of
         | vitamin d on a arrival is a cure.
         | 
         | As for the consequence of is the deficiency linked to poor
         | otherwise health that is interesting to disentangle.
         | 
         | This does offer a very good explanation to the idiotic
         | statements of "covid is racist". I.e. if it is linked to vit-d
         | deficiency it offers a way to reduce deaths in minorities.
         | These early concerns suggested that covid would hit Africa for
         | instance really badly, and it is yet to do so.
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | There have been a bunch of other studies on vitamin D and
       | COVID-19. Before jumping to conclusions and commenting here I
       | recommend reviewing the existing literature.
       | 
       | https://vitamin-d-covid.shotwell.ca/
        
       | threefour wrote:
       | Also see:
       | https://www.outsideonline.com/health/wellness/sunscreen-sun-...
       | 
       | "...what made the people with high vitamin D levels so healthy
       | was not the vitamin itself. That was just a marker. Their vitamin
       | D levels were high because they were getting plenty of exposure
       | to the thing that was really responsible for their good health--
       | that big orange ball shining down from above."
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | Figure 2 in their paper [0] shows the mechanism via which (as
       | they say) vitamin D3 is supposed to improve outcomes of a Covid19
       | infection. It seems to counteract the negative effects on ACE2
       | levels that a Covid19 infection has which seem to be responsible
       | for bad outcomes.
       | 
       | [0] Open Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/10/3596/htm
        
       | GaryTang wrote:
       | "Mortality Rate Close to Zero Could Theoretically Be Achieved at
       | 50 ng/mL 25(OH)D3"
       | 
       | Or in other words, the vaccine could theoretically not be needed
       | if vitamin d3 levels are adequate.
        
         | sarks_nz wrote:
         | This statement assumes the only bad outcome from COVID is
         | death.
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | For the overwhelming majority of people that is the only bad
           | outcome. Severe conditions like ARDS are rare, but also
           | correlate with Vitamin D deficiency even outside of the
           | pandemic (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25903964/). As for
           | other symptoms that are being lumped together under the label
           | "long COVID", their incidence seems low, the severity is
           | usually low, and nearly all conditions disappear over time.
           | Some have suggested that perhaps those lingering effects are
           | no different than a typical cold or flu, except this time we
           | are all focused on this issue and noticing these things.
           | 
           | Personally I am not convinced that the young and heathy need
           | to treat COVID specially. This is a pandemic of the old and
           | unhealthy more than anything.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Severe conditions like ARDS are rare_
             | 
             | Polio was lethal in less than 1% of cases, and caused
             | severe disability in a small fraction, too. Yet people
             | didn't go into hysterics when asked to make a relatively
             | larger sacrifice (the polio vaccine was _far_ less safe
             | than modern ones) for their country.
        
           | uselesscynicism wrote:
           | I wish the people agreeing with this statement wouldn't
           | choose to flag the grandparent so I could make up my own mind
           | about what it said.. but anything that goes against the
           | narrative must be censored by you people, I guess.
           | 
           | Who are "you people", you ask? BlueAnon mainstream conspiracy
           | theory believing paranoids, the kind that put masks on their
           | children and then put them into their cars, even though
           | riding in a car is more dangerous to a child than COVID
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | This statement assumes that death is the only bad outcome
           | from COVID that sufficient Vitamin D3 levels prevent.
           | 
           | Death is useful as a metric because, unlike other health
           | outcomes, particularly quality of life ones, there's no
           | element of subjectivity.
        
             | rossdavidh wrote:
             | Another useful aspect of death as a metric, is that it is
             | the most widely reported (as compared to, say, maximum
             | fever, amount of ventilation required, days in hospital,
             | lasting anosmia, etc. etc.)
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | It appears that with COVID, the proximate cause of death is
             | often mis-coded, for financial reasons.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | You could measure days of hospitalization too, I would
             | suggest both vaccine and Vitamin supplements if there are
             | no side-effects.
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | No. The statement is making a statement on deaths. You are
           | implying this.
        
         | phonypc wrote:
         | Nah it's just a comically absurd proposition, even if you take
         | the implication that low D3 is _causing_ COVID mortality at
         | face value.
         | 
         | Obligatory relevant xkcd https://xkcd.com/605/
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | Or you could get a vaccine, supplement vitamin D3 and in case
         | you'll get a positive test result, take fluvoxamine and
         | budesonide inhaler.
         | 
         | Because why take chances with the virus that causes cognitive
         | deficit proportional to the severity of other symptoms.
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | I think the "why take chances" logic can be applied in
           | multiple ways though. The risks from COVID are incredibly low
           | for the young and healthy, and even lower if you consider
           | just those with balanced diets (without VDD). It's difficult
           | to compare the tradeoffs between multiple competing low risk
           | choices. Why take chances with a new vaccine that could prove
           | to have some long term effect? Why take chances with shutting
           | down schools and impacting children for a lifetime? Why take
           | chances with the lower oxygen and breathing difficulties of
           | masks? And so on. It makes more sense for individuals to
           | evaluate their risk tolerance and circumstances to decide
           | which tradeoffs they are willing to take on.
        
             | manwe150 wrote:
             | That line of reasoning applies also to simply getting out
             | of bed in the morning, or risking COVID illness without the
             | proven safety benefits of the vaccines, both of which have
             | known long-term side-effects. Whereas, if you are healthy,
             | the vaccine has been abundantly proven to statistically
             | make you more healthy, so what "trade-off" are you talking
             | about?
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | >Whereas, if you are healthy, the vaccine has been
               | abundantly proven to statistically make you more healthy
               | 
               | This is emphatically false. Immunity to a specific virus
               | does not make a person healthier and the vaccines do have
               | a documented risk of side effects, in addition to rapidly
               | mounting evidence of poor efficacy.
               | 
               | People seem to be worshipping these vaccines as some sort
               | of mystical religious artifacts at this point.
               | 
               | The vaccines do not come without a cost. This is a
               | dangerous myth, even if you think the risks are low.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | People are very bad at estimating risks using their gut
             | feelings. They overestimate low probabilities and
             | underestimating high.
             | 
             | Did you know that polio is survivable in 99.8% of cases and
             | asymptomatic in 92% (up to 99% by some estimates) of cases?
             | 
             | So, was it worth inventing a vaccine for it? Or taking it?
             | Risking long term effects?
             | 
             | About long term effect of mRNA vaccines... you know what
             | has long term effects? Covid.
             | 
             | And if anyone read about mRNA technology for an afternoon
             | it would be painfully obvious to them that whatever super
             | long term effects covid vaccines might have, covid will
             | virtually surely cause them as well, because mRNA vaccines
             | don't do anything else than covid does. And don't fool
             | yourself that you don't get covid. Unless you are planning
             | to die of something else soon. I will not get covid is as
             | silly as saying I won't get neither flu nor cold before I
             | die, even asymptomatically.
             | 
             | > It makes more sense for individuals to evaluate their
             | risk tolerance and circumstances to decide which trade-offs
             | they are willing to take on.
             | 
             | No, it doesn't, because people actively avoid available
             | knowledge in their personal risk estimations. So their
             | estimation of both the risk and their willingness to take
             | on risks is estimated wrong.
             | 
             | Did you hear about a single person dying in hospital from
             | covid saying, "we'll maybe I'm dying but I'm proud of my
             | decision to not get vaccinated, not supporting mask
             | wearing" or whatever? Because plenty of such people
             | recognized they were horribly wrong in their estimations.
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | I did read the recent discussion on HN around polio, and
               | it does bring up some interesting questions as you've
               | noted. But polio's effects were more prevalent. The WHO
               | says (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-
               | sheets/detail/poliomyelit...) that 1 in 200 infected with
               | polio experience irreversible paralysis (usually the
               | legs), and 5-10% of those with paralysis die, meaning the
               | IFR was 0.025%. The IFR for COVID-19 is incredibly low
               | for those under 50, as most of the deaths impacted senior
               | citizens. Even the CDC's conservative planning scenarios
               | (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-
               | scena...) use a planning IFR for minors of 20 in 1M
               | infections (0.002%) - which is an order of magnitude less
               | than polio.
               | 
               | A big part of what made polio's vaccine acceptance easy
               | was the graphic imagery of children being afflicted with
               | a lifetime of paralysis. There was a certain
               | psychological impact on society from that imagery. People
               | evaluated the risks and decided they were better off
               | going with the vaccine. Another boost for vaccine
               | confidence was that the vaccines used approaches a that
               | were already in wide use in other vaccines.
               | 
               | > About long term effect of mRNA vaccines... you know
               | what has long term effects? Covid.
               | 
               | The risks of long term effects with COVID are very low,
               | and their severity is very low, and in almost all cases
               | those symptoms disappear. So why is your desire to
               | contain one type of low risk any more important than
               | others' desire to contain other types of low risk?
               | 
               | Regarding mRNA vaccines - I don't think you are seeing
               | things the way the vaccine hesitant are. The mRNA vaccine
               | can have long term effects we don't understand. Just
               | because we are focused on its mechanism for efficacy
               | doesn't meant here aren't other possible mechanisms
               | involved that we haven't understood yet. Likewise, we
               | don't know if any of the other vaccine ingredients will
               | have long-term effects. The mRNA vaccine doses are not
               | solely composed of mRNA material and lipids. And
               | certainly we've seen numerous products - both medical and
               | non-medical - banned decades after their initial
               | introduction. The risks of that are low, but it's
               | nonzero. And I shouldn't have to say this, but in case it
               | helps make my points more acceptable, I am vaccinated
               | with an mRNA vaccine as is my entire family.
               | 
               | > Did you hear about a single person dying in hospital
               | from covid saying, "we'll maybe I'm dying but I'm proud
               | of my decision to not get vaccinated, not supporting mask
               | wearing" or whatever? Because plenty of such people
               | recognized they were horribly wrong in their estimations.
               | 
               | I don't understand why you're bringing this up. This is
               | the exact type of anecdotal risk estimation that you call
               | out a few sentences earlier. I could equally say that the
               | few people who experience severe vaccine side effects may
               | also experience regret. Or that years down the road, it
               | is possible that all those who received [some vaccine]
               | will regret their choice if it is found to cause cancer
               | or something else. The thing is, we don't really know
               | because we are dealing with the unknown. We don't
               | understand either the virus or the human body fully. For
               | this and other reasons, I feel it is legitimate for
               | people to choose their own risk profile based on their
               | experiences and gut. I also don't think anyone should be
               | obligated to undergo a medical procedure like vaccination
               | against their will, because bodily autonomy is a
               | fundamental civil liberty and because I don't think
               | here's an obligation to have to take action to protect
               | others against some third-party agent like a virus.
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | Given the vaccine doesn't stop symptoms or catching it is
           | there a point to what you're saying. Taking vitamin d
           | probably reduces symptoms across the board reducing the need
           | for additional palliative care
        
             | rob_c wrote:
             | So I'm assuming people who down vote assume preventing
             | deaths is achieved through some means that doesn't impact
             | the rest of the course of a disease... I wish we lived in
             | such a simple universe
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I think people take offence in you not noticing that
               | vaccines also reduce symptoms and even stop them in some
               | cases. And that this fact has been better proven than any
               | claims of vitamin D effect on covid.
               | 
               | Literally billions of people already took vaccines for
               | covid, some, almost a yer ago. Time to update your mental
               | model.
        
       | mzimbres wrote:
       | Human beings have been living in europe for over 100,000 years.
       | White skin doesn't seem to be older than a 10,000 years (see the
       | skin analysis of the first briton). I don't think it would have
       | taken so much time to evolve white skin had it really had the
       | importance that is being attributed to it nowadays. I am very
       | skeptical about its importance on preventing not only covid but
       | also many other deseases.
        
       | PicassoCTs wrote:
       | COVID19 sort of blew the lid on several "health" pandemics that
       | were underway by highlighting them. Vitamin D deficiency is one
       | of them.
       | 
       | The hidden diabetes surge in malnutritioned asian and western
       | countries also comes to mind.
       | 
       | Or the horrendous damage done to the lungs by the smog in the
       | chinese mainland.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2775003
        
       | jackfoxy wrote:
       | Alternative sources for covid information have been beating the
       | vitamin D and dietary zinc drum since almost the beginning of the
       | pandemic. This could have saved so many lives. Yet the
       | authoritarian medical establishment (governments and approved
       | NGOs) doubled down on _wait for vaccine_ providing no other
       | prevention recommendations than masks and lockdowns and actively
       | suppressed information on treatments.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | Correlation I get. How are they making the jump to causation?
        
       | sMarsIntruder wrote:
       | Finally, finally and finally!
        
         | testplzignore wrote:
         | It's not a good idea to have so many nested try blocks.
        
       | lvs wrote:
       | This is another long discarded bit of snake oil. If there were
       | genuine home remedies for Covid that you could buy at the grocery
       | store, we'd have told you about it. It turns out there are only
       | two: vaccines and masks. It's healthy to have the recommended
       | amount of Vitamin D, but not at the expense of a vaccine and a
       | mask.
       | 
       | You decide:
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8541492/b...
        
         | ahallock wrote:
         | Yeah, you should have a well-rounded set of defenses. I don't
         | think anyone is saying vitamin-D is a silver bullet.
        
         | c-c-c-c-c wrote:
         | Put a mask on and breathe on a pair of glasses.
         | 
         | Then please explain how the water molecules can pass through
         | while other aerosols cannot.
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | Please look up the size of individual H2O molecules (which
           | are what you exhale, not water drops).
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | Water particles aren't getting through. Please look up how
           | condensation works, it's about a difference in temperatures.
        
             | aeternum wrote:
             | Water particles absolutely are getting through. Yes the
             | glasses are colder and breathe is warmer but it is still
             | the water vapor from the hot moist breath that is the
             | primary source of the water condensate.
             | 
             | While water particles do pass easily, viruses may not as
             | respiratory aerosols are orders of magnitude larger about
             | 1.6-5um vs. water at 0.27nm
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Maybe. E.g. most Americans are still ignorant to the effect of
         | obesity on severity, good advice would also include trying to
         | lose a pounds a week, as it would be more effective than cloth
         | masks once you catch it (which everyone will eventually,
         | vaccinated or not)
        
         | benjaminwootton wrote:
         | Im bored to death of Covid arguments, but I bet if you had to
         | choose, healthy Vitamin D levels would be more effective than
         | masks both for the individual and society.
        
         | captainredbeard wrote:
         | Who is the "we" you speak for?
        
       | mg wrote:
       | I have been collecting studies related to treatment and
       | prevention of the common cold for a while now. Every time I have
       | a cold, I spend some time growing the list.
       | 
       | So far, Vitamin D3 is one of the more promising treatments in the
       | list.
       | 
       | Here are two interesting RCTs regarding Vitamin D and respiratory
       | tract infections:
       | 
       | Preventive Effects of Vitamin D on Seasonal Influenza:
       | https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2018/08000/preventive...
       | 
       | Vitamin D Supplementation for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory
       | Tract Infection:
       | https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/202/5/809/1746565
        
         | glofish wrote:
         | You can add a bunch of paper from here:
         | 
         | https://www.devaboone.com/post/vitamin-d-part-3-the-evidence...
        
           | mg wrote:
           | Thanks, I will.
        
       | jleyank wrote:
       | D3 might be a proxy for age, as I thought older folks were to
       | take D and Calcium to reduce the chance of osteoporosis. It might
       | also be a proxy for overall health, as those short of D3 are
       | probably not eating "well-balanced diets, ..." that marketeers
       | are fond of talking about. It's also possible that it has a
       | direct effect on the result, which would (as mentioned already)
       | make it an excellent complement of vaccination. One reduces the
       | chance of the ultimate problem, one reduces the chance of
       | duration/problems. And it's cheap.
        
         | ng12 wrote:
         | But I would expect older people taking D3 for (pre)osteoporosis
         | would generally be high risk for COVID. I know this thread is
         | overflowing with anecdotal information but two family members
         | in their sixties had completely asymptotic covid infections.
         | Neither was generally healthy (obesity in one, asthma in the
         | other) but both supplemented with Vitamin D3.
        
           | jleyank wrote:
           | Vaxxed or predelta or just fortunate?
        
             | ng12 wrote:
             | Predelta, still fortune as both only knew they had it
             | because they got tested at work.
        
         | truly wrote:
         | From the second paragraph in the abstract, it seems that they
         | adjust for age: "Mortality rates from clinical studies were
         | corrected for age, sex, and diabetes."
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | Vitamin D also correlated heavily with race which it doesn't
           | seem they adjust for?
        
             | jleyank wrote:
             | Had not considered this - it's a good point. There is a lot
             | of fortified food in the N American, possibly Western
             | European diet which includes D3 (particularly for milk
             | drinkers). But milk drinking is limited to particular gene
             | families as I thought it was a (quite) recent mutation...
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | Does it adjust for other vitamins? People with sufficient
           | vitamin D levels likely take supplements along with other
           | vitamins so it may be that it's not just vitamin D, but it in
           | combination with other vitamins. If this study just gave
           | people vitamin D supplements and nothing else then it may be
           | that it didn't have needed "supporting vitamins".
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | Hasn't this been known for over a year and a half now? This isn't
       | the first study on Vitamin D. Some past discussions on HN:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24912172
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23119949
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23023703
       | 
       | Another comorbidity is obesity, which can also cause Vitamin D
       | deficiency.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26924786
       | 
       | An interesting implication of all this is that the authoritarian
       | measures used to manage the pandemic are effectively a subsidy.
       | Those who are young or healthy or have a nutritionally balanced
       | diet are taking on pains (lockdowns, mandates) to create a lower
       | risk situation for everyone else. Personally I feel it is better
       | for governments to provide education and strong guidance, but to
       | ultimately favor individual choice and stay away from top down
       | measures. With COVID, those who are young have incredibly low IFR
       | to begin with, and they could have gone about their lives and
       | built up antibodies naturally, which would then make it safer for
       | everyone else anyways.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | This was an observation amongst the vast sea of observations
         | for over a year and a half. It still needed to be studied.
         | 
         | A year and a half ago, and partly even now, the kneejerk
         | response has been "ah, it must be because people with low
         | Vitamin D are doing _other_ inactive things with poor diets and
         | low sunlight " as opposed to something closer to "Vitamin D
         | supplements are a cheap existing solution for a reason we still
         | don't know yet"
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | The _main_ point of restrictions was to reduce case numbers
         | coming into hospitals and overwhelming them, since COVID
         | patients who do get hospitalized tend to stay there a long
         | time.
         | 
         | If you are a young person who gets into a car crash and you
         | need immediate treatment in the ER, an overwhelmed hospital
         | might either mean sending an injured person into a place
         | crowded with COVID patients, or scrambling to find a hospital
         | that has room. Even now there are still US hospitals turning
         | away ambulances due to lack of capacity.
        
           | uselesscynicism wrote:
           | If overwhelmed hospitals was a concern they wouldn't be
           | firing naturally immunized nurses that do not wish to be
           | vaccinated.
        
         | landryraccoon wrote:
         | > and they could have gone about their lives and built up
         | antibodies naturally, which would then make it safer for
         | everyone else anyways.
         | 
         | "Built up antibodies naturally" is a coy way of saying kill the
         | maximum number of people possible before reaching herd
         | immunity.
         | 
         | Given the rapid pace of vaccine development, strict measures to
         | slow the spread of the virus seemed reasonable. Some countries,
         | like New Zealand and Taiwan, will largely escape the pandemic
         | unscathed.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | > "Built up antibodies naturally" is a coy way of saying kill
           | the maximum number of people possible before reaching herd
           | immunity.
           | 
           | This is absurd in the extreme. The proposition was that those
           | that are the least impacted by covid--specifically, those
           | like me who are healthy, young, getting adequate sunlight--
           | should not have to bear the responsibility for those who are
           | vulnerable.
           | 
           | Covid risk for people like me, and us healthy folk are a
           | great large chunk of the population, is less than a typical
           | flu.
           | 
           | Since we don't have as extreme policy responses to the flu,
           | do you characterize that as well as "kill the maximum number
           | of people possible"?
           | 
           | And saying that New Zealand came through unscathed I guess
           | just shows how differently we think. The society has come to
           | accept being forced into isolation, accept quarantines and
           | curfews like their unruly teenagers, accept all manner of
           | tyranny--to you, they're unscathed because they have fewer
           | covid-related deaths. To me, covid-related deaths--which are
           | dwarfed still in the USA by heart disease and cancer and
           | other ailments, don't even rise to the level of general
           | concern.
           | 
           | Then again, I live in Montana. Everyone doesn't care. Only on
           | the internet and talking to Canadian or coastal friends does
           | it come up. Around here, you say covid, and a lot of folks
           | probably think it's a migratory bird--then again, hunting
           | season just opened up.
           | 
           | And with all us ignoring this crazy pandemic, you know what?
           | The world's not ending. No vaccine mandates. No mask
           | mandates. Everyone's "unscathed".
        
             | landryraccoon wrote:
             | > This is absurd in the extreme. The proposition was that
             | those that are the least impacted by covid--specifically,
             | those like me who are healthy, young, getting adequate
             | sunlight--should not have to bear the responsibility for
             | those who are vulnerable.
             | 
             | We have radically different values.
             | 
             | Of course the strongest and most able in society have to
             | bear the majority of the burdens. That simply seems morally
             | obvious. The rich should pay more taxes than the poor. The
             | young and healthy fight in the military and not the old and
             | infirm. Adult children will make personal sacrifices to
             | save their elderly parents. What about asking the healthy
             | to make sacrifices to protect the weak is unjust?
             | 
             | A world view of "let the weak fend for themselves for the
             | strong should take what they want" is utterly repugnant.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | Kids are the least at risk of covid. Should they bear the
               | most responsibility? Lol.
        
               | landryraccoon wrote:
               | How are kids bearing responsibility? It seems to me kids
               | are doing fine with social distancing, mask wearing and
               | all. Parents complain about their kids masking up more
               | than the kids do.
               | 
               | But the ultimate way kids are being forced to bear
               | responsibility is their parents dying from covid and
               | leaving them as orphans.
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p1007-covid-19-or
               | pha...
               | 
               | https://time.com/6104829/us-covid-orphans/
               | 
               | If you don't want kids to have to bear responsibility
               | with covid, don't let their parents die from it.
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | Thanks for the link summaries.
         | 
         | I fail to understand the down votes.
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | People downvote Vitamin-D posts because they think that if
           | you talk about Vitamin-D deficiency you are an anti-vaxxer.
        
             | rob_c wrote:
             | Yes I must agree, I was being sarcastic trying to call out
             | the groupthink.
        
             | md8z wrote:
             | Or it could be because the grandparent post contains the
             | common non-sequitur about "individual choice". That
             | rhetoric is pointless in a discussion about public health
             | and ruins a perfectly good comment. An infectious disease
             | does not care what your individual choice is.
        
               | rob_c wrote:
               | By that logic we should ban sex due to HIV. This is an
               | extremely dangerous argument...
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | It's obviously not a non sequitur, it's the essential
               | tradeoff we're making. We could weld every person into
               | their home for the next month and eliminate Covid, but we
               | don't do that because we're trading off public health
               | maximalism vs individual freedoms. The entire point of
               | the political process is to decide where that line is.
        
               | md8z wrote:
               | An infectious disease doesn't care about any of that, it
               | doesn't care what your political process is or where you
               | draw the line. It's not a trade off of public health
               | maximalism vs individual freedoms, it never is that
               | simple. Every decision you make there trades someone
               | else's individual freedom by increasing their risk of
               | contracting the disease. Please let's stop dancing around
               | that and trying to play politics here.
               | 
               | The only fool proof solution that exists is to totally
               | quarantine people, but the grandparent post already took
               | that off the table, so even if we wanted to have that
               | discussion there is simply nowhere left for it to go. See
               | what I mean here? This rhetoric doesn't do anything
               | besides shut down the conversation.
        
               | rob_c wrote:
               | Again.
               | 
               | You are advocating ban sex due to HIV. Please stop being
               | so black and white about policy involving human beings
               | and reality.
        
               | md8z wrote:
               | No I am not, please stop this. You're jumping to the
               | other extreme and that's exactly why I think that type of
               | rhetoric is not helpful. If you have something nuanced
               | you'd like to say then I'd love to hear it.
               | 
               | Personally if I was somewhere where there was an HIV
               | outbreak, and we didn't have adequate resources to test
               | and protect against it, then I _would_ say that
               | abstaining from promiscuous sex and promoting that as a
               | public health measure would be a perfectly reasonable
               | thing to do. That would actually probably help the
               | situation in areas of the world where the ongoing HIV
               | epidemic is particularly bad, which by the way is still a
               | real thing.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | promoting as a public health measure vs. mandating as a
               | public health measure
               | 
               | do you see a difference between these two?
        
               | md8z wrote:
               | I mean, it depends? What is the measure and what are you
               | trying to do?
        
       | Alex3917 wrote:
       | As a reminder, you can use the D Minder Pro app to estimate your
       | daily vitamin D intake from sun exposure. It was free during the
       | first year of the pandemic, right now it costs $1.99.
        
         | DelightOne wrote:
         | The Apple Watch (or any other smart watch) should have a built-
         | in sun measuring sensor, noting when people have not enough sun
         | exposure to produce the necessary amount of Vitamin D to be
         | healthy. Once AR is there, they could make a game out of it,
         | showing progress bars at the peripery of the eyes. This could
         | make reaching the targets much easier for a lot more people.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Wristwatches are often covered by sleeves.
        
             | illvm wrote:
             | That's fine. As long as the sensor is available the user
             | can expose it. I think this is a pretty cool idea, and
             | would yield more accurate measurements than estimating
             | based off of latitude and cloud coverage alone. Albeit
             | it'll all but guarantee tan lines.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | DelightOne wrote:
             | How much sun does that block? Workarounds may be feasible,
             | depending on the mechanism.
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | That sounds like a good way to get sued over someone's
           | melanoma.
        
             | bt1a wrote:
             | Easily preventable with a 100 page ToS to agree to before
             | allowing usage!
        
           | bool3max wrote:
           | > Once AR is there, they could make a game out of it, showing
           | progress bars at the peripery of the eyes.
           | 
           | Are you good?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | GPS is sufficient.
        
       | jliptzin wrote:
       | For what it's worth, I had a physical in my mid-20s where my
       | doctor saw my vitamin D levels were low, so he told me to
       | supplement with vitamin D. I take 10,000 IU with vitamin K about
       | 5x/week. I am 35 now and I happened to check my levels around Jan
       | 2020, to make sure I wasn't overdoing it. I was at 53 ng/mL,
       | which was perfect.
       | 
       | The pandemic came around, and while a lot of people around me got
       | sick, I never did, but I had also been good about mask adherence.
       | So I was a little surprised in August 2020 when my doctor gave me
       | a COVID antibody test (blood draw), just to see, had come back
       | positive, considering I had felt completely fine through that
       | whole period.
       | 
       | Then again a few months later, when my SO came down with covid,
       | needless to say we had extremely close contact during the
       | infectious period, and I was still completely fine.
       | 
       | I'm not trying to be a vitamin D evangelist or anything, of
       | course I could just be one of the lucky ones when it comes to
       | covid, but I feel like it's a cheap and easy thing to try if you
       | aren't currently supplementing. And of course, I am vaccinated as
       | well now.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > I take 10,000 IU with vitamin K about 5x/week. I am 35 now
         | and I happened to check my levels around Jan 2020, to make sure
         | I wasn't overdoing it. I was at 53 ng/mL, which was perfect.
         | 
         | As a counter example, I took 5,000 IU per day and almost ended
         | up over the 100ng/dL upper limit. I had to reduce my
         | supplementation to avoid overdose.
         | 
         | Vitamin D supplementation is very person-dependent, so I
         | recommend anyone supplementing with higher dose supplements
         | (5000IU and up) check their blood levels every few years.
        
         | tamcap wrote:
         | RE: your last sentence. High dose supplementation of vitamin D
         | should be done after consulting with your doctor (like you
         | did). As a fat soluble vitamin, our bodies sometimes struggle
         | to dispose of the excess. Therefore a person with "normal"
         | vitamin D levels who begins supplementing at high levels is
         | potentially risking some side effects. It's always good to be
         | monitored in situations like those.
         | 
         | It seems you are doing exactly that, which is great.
        
       | treeman79 wrote:
       | Started taking high levels of d3 a few months before covid, as I
       | had very low levels. (Autoimmune)
       | 
       | A year later and I got covid. A few scary nights. I recovered but
       | had a sharp increase in micro-clotting. Something that was an
       | issue before Covid. I had to double blood thinners to keep
       | symptoms under control. Took six months before I could lower
       | dosage again.
       | 
       | Covid aside I'm much healthier since upping d3. I had been bed
       | ridden with uncontrollable migraines the year prior.
        
         | ffritz wrote:
         | What is your dosage?
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | 3000u a day
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | Good to hear this has helped you :)
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | And a down vote for wishing someone well... Lovely community
        
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