[HN Gopher] The economics of pumpkin patches
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       The economics of pumpkin patches
        
       Author : Anon84
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2021-10-31 12:03 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thehustle.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thehustle.co)
        
       | jdkee wrote:
       | The linked article cites ~770 tons of pumpkins. But the source
       | the article cites 13,751 thousands of cwt. A cwt is 100 pounds,
       | so the total production is ~1.37 billion pounds or 687,500 tons.
       | How can we trust the rest of the calculations in this article if
       | the data is so far off?
       | 
       | See https://www.statista.com/statistics/192975/us-pumpkin-
       | produc...
        
       | dougSF70 wrote:
       | To be honest, it's a once a year event hence their popularity. A
       | line (queue) comes with the experience. No need for tech / AI
       | assisted solutions? Eyeball the size is the fastest method and
       | people who go to pumpkin patches are happy to pay a premium.
        
       | madiator wrote:
       | I have mixed feelings about Halloween. On the one hand, it has a
       | great social aspects to it: people get together for carving,
       | there are parties, and kids have so much fun. But the
       | environmental and health sides of it mindboggling. We are
       | completely fine growing so many pumpkins only for them to be
       | carved and thrown away; we buy a ton of costumes that are worn
       | once and go to the landfill; and we buy so many candies a lot of
       | which probably gets thrown (which is probably better than eating
       | them).
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | This is the kind of handwringing that makes me 100% sure
         | climate change is going to wreck us in ways we can barely
         | imagine right now.
         | 
         | Fixing humankind's damage to the environment is going to take
         | such sweeping societal changes that Halloween costumes and
         | pumpkins shouldn't even be a blip on our radar.
        
         | bane wrote:
         | A time honored practice when carving pumpkins is to roast the
         | seeds in your oven with oil, salt, and pepper. They make a
         | fantastic snack.
        
           | mateo411 wrote:
           | Absolutely! And then if the pumpkin is from the jack-o-latern
           | is still good, you can make pumpkin pie.
        
         | syedkarim wrote:
         | Can't a similar thing be said about Christmas, Easter, etc?
        
           | madiator wrote:
           | People buy a lot of stuff during Christmas, but they get
           | used.
           | 
           | EDIT: I think so.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | If I had to guess, probably 80% of the stuff I've received
             | over the years as Christmas gifts ends up getting used very
             | little and then unceremoniously put on a shelf or in the
             | trash. And that may be a generous estimate.
        
             | jonhohle wrote:
             | We let our kids wear their costumes for play the rest of
             | the year. They get worn more in a few play sessions than on
             | Halloween.
             | 
             | Also, roasted pumpkin seeds are easy, healthy, and
             | delicious.
             | 
             | I wonder if after growing, harvesting, shipping, etc. a
             | Halloween pumpkin is carbon negative.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Christmas so far outranks Halloween in consumer spending, I
           | can't imagine anyone worrying much about the paltry 10B we
           | will spend in 2021 on Halloween. Christmas will be 100x
           | bigger.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | They are renewable and compostable --both things are often not
         | possible to achieve in other activities.
         | 
         | Those not used can actually be used for baking pumpkin pies
         | --though probably slightly different from regular pie pumpkins,
         | but good enough.
         | 
         | So all things considered, this should not even register vs
         | things like other festivals where there are tons of trash left
         | over.
        
           | ViViDboarder wrote:
           | Compostable but are they all composted? Where I live, yes;
           | but in other areas they go inside a plastic bag to a landfill
           | where the bag won't break down for many many years.
        
           | madiator wrote:
           | > They are renewable and compostable --both things are often
           | not possible to achieve in other activities.
           | 
           | I was thinking and wondering if all those 1000s of acres
           | could be used to grow something else, which people could eat
           | and not throw away. :)
           | 
           | But you make a great point. It is better that we carve
           | pumpkins, which are compostable, than use some kind of non-
           | compostable stuff.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | People have more than enough food. Where there is a famine
             | you find a government behind it.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > We are completely fine growing so many pumpkins only for them
         | to be carved and thrown away;
         | 
         | As far as entertainment goes, carving a pumpkin and then
         | letting it quickly compost away is relatively low impact.
         | 
         | You could always argue that the most environmentally friendly
         | option is to do nothing at all and cause nothing to be produced
         | or moved around, but that's hardly a realistic argument.
         | Criticizing every activity that causes something to be
         | consumed, no matter how renewable or compostable, is hardly
         | productive.
         | 
         | Once the environmental arguments get to the point where we're
         | criticizing people for carving a vegetable up but not eating it
         | once per year, it gets hard for people to take seriously.
        
           | madiator wrote:
           | I hear you. I am not criticizing Halloween, since I take part
           | in doing all of these. I did mention costumes going to
           | landfill though, not just pumpkins.
           | 
           | What I mentioned doesn't have to be taken to extreme to say
           | nothing should be produced and moved around! By that analogy,
           | the only way to save the environment is to stop living.
        
             | swixmix wrote:
             | How do we know what the environment wants? When we are
             | saving it, it's from our perspective. We are saving our
             | environment. There are plenty of pests that don't like what
             | we're up to.
             | 
             | We are important. :)
        
         | cgriswald wrote:
         | I suspect I do far more damage to myself and the environment
         | with how I use computing equipment than I'll ever do on
         | Halloween. It really depends on _how_ you do Halloween.
         | 
         | > We are completely fine growing so many pumpkins only for them
         | to be carved and thrown away
         | 
         | We roast the seeds of any pumpkins we carve and compost the
         | remains. The ones we don't carve get turned into pumpkin pie.
         | We get immense satisfaction from the planning, carving, and
         | displaying of our Jack-o'-lanterns.
         | 
         | > we buy a ton of costumes that are worn once and go to the
         | landfill
         | 
         | We tend not to buy the cheap costumes, but instead assemble our
         | costumes from a combination of costume parts and real items. We
         | have chests full of this stuff and even if we don't use a
         | particular item again, our spooky entity-creations do. The
         | stuff will only end up in the landfill if my inheritors throw
         | them away.
         | 
         | > we buy so many candies a lot of which probably gets thrown
         | (which is probably better than eating them).
         | 
         |  _I eat all the candy._ I give myself permission to eat less-
         | than-great from Halloween to New Years. If I start getting some
         | chub, I work out a little extra. I even did this when I was a
         | body builder (just don 't tell any of my trainers).
         | 
         | *Edit: HN-specific markdown...
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | I went to a patch with the kids over the weekend here in UK. It
       | was fun but when it got time to pay we joined a long queue with
       | others having our pumpkins in a wheel barrow.
       | 
       | When we got to the front we had to match our pumpkins to a
       | template based on size (cost from 50p to PS10) and then a cashier
       | would tally up the total.
       | 
       | I got chatting to the owner whilst waiting and he was open to a
       | more tech smarter way to pay to avoid the queues.
       | 
       | Anyone have ideas on how to do this, ideally using existing tech
       | mashed together in a low/no code way?
       | 
       | So flow would be ...
       | 
       | - Move your barrow under a camera.
       | 
       | - It would take a picture and through image recognition identify
       | and classify pumpkins based on size.
       | 
       | - This would be pushed to cashier with total.
       | 
       | - Maybe where confidence level on classification was low it would
       | prompt human intervention.
       | 
       | To me weighing the barrow would be another, perhaps better,
       | solution but the farmer wasnt keen on this and ran out of time to
       | dig deeper!
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | Here is my thought process:
         | 
         | > - Move your barrow under a camera.
         | 
         | Minimum $5k, closer to $25k, to set physical hardware, network,
         | queueing line and instructions
         | 
         | > - It would take a picture and through image recognition
         | identify and classify pumpkins based on size.
         | 
         | $100k+ capex to get implemented model on hardware, sufficient
         | training samples + training expertise, QA, etc. Ongoing opex
         | for maintenance (sun, weather), model maintenance, and cloud
         | infra / use
         | 
         | > - This would be pushed to cashier with total.
         | 
         | Customers would argue with cashier, much like self-checkout
         | lines at big box stores.
         | 
         | > - Maybe where confidence level on classification was low it
         | would prompt human intervention.
         | 
         | Confidence could be high on false positives/negatives.
         | 
         | -----------------------------
         | 
         | Overall, I like the idea of AI-assistive technology
         | implementations. Are we to the point where it won't wreck the
         | economics of a small operation?
        
           | fouc wrote:
           | Or get a pumpkin size detector working as a phone app and
           | load it on a cheap $150 android phone taped to a stick
        
             | swixmix wrote:
             | A pumpkin size detector is also known as an eyeball.
        
           | pumpkinman wrote:
           | Is this unironically how you speak or just because you feel
           | you have to because you think this is how "real business men"
           | speak?
           | 
           | Saying "Initial startup costs fo equipment and ongoing cost
           | of maintenance will not see any sane sort of return" would
           | have sufficed
        
           | breckenedge wrote:
           | True that's a steep one time cost for one patch, but then
           | sell the process and tech to your competitors.
        
           | th5 wrote:
           | @pumpkinman - IMO in regards to business viability it's just
           | as valuable to see someone's process of how they came to the
           | conclusion as the conclusion itself
        
         | pumpkinman wrote:
         | Okay. You fund it, I'll build it.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | If each pumpkin was passed down a conveyor belt in a single
         | file line then it's diameter could be easily measured with an
         | array of light sensors aimed vertically which could be used to
         | set the price in the checkout system. Different customer's
         | orders could be separated by a board that spanned the full
         | width of the sensor array, which would stop the conveyor until
         | it was removed.
        
         | dazc wrote:
         | Since the demand is concentrated over such a short period I
         | guess the simplest solution would be to have one price for all?
         | 
         | This would encourage people to shop early as they would get the
         | pick of the crop - so to speak. Latecomers to the party would
         | have less choice, obviously, but would still be incentivised to
         | buy anyway since there are not that many alternative pathches
         | to choose from in a given area.
         | 
         | The price could also be reduced as time goes by so the day
         | before halloween you're almost certain to sell the most amount
         | possible.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Pumpkins are an expiring good. To move as many as possible as
           | quickly as possible while also collecting as high of a price
           | as each person is able/willing to pay, it is best for the
           | seller to offer many versions of the pumpkins at many price
           | points.
           | 
           | Aka selling different styles of pumpkin at different price
           | per weight. The seller can sell to people willing to pay more
           | for various styles, and people willing to pay more for
           | various sizes. And to people wanting to spend less, and
           | everyone in between. Which is what already happens.
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I would agree with you but, from my limited observation,
             | there seems to be an awful lot of pumkins left over after
             | halloween has been and gone. Maybe what already happens
             | isn't the best way?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I have no idea. I generally assume markets with many
               | participants that have existed for many years and with
               | seemingly no regulations, are the way they are because
               | various constraints of nature have tended towards that
               | solution.
               | 
               | One would need to know what a typical amount of waste is
               | and the cause of that waste to determine if there is too
               | much waste and how to fix it. But I am guessing whatever
               | waste there is now is a pretty optimal amount of waste
               | unless there is some new development that reduces the
               | volatility of producing pumpkins.
               | 
               | Farming in general is like that, since so many variables
               | are outside of peoples' control. You have to aim for
               | extra even if you are not projecting to sell all of it,
               | assuming the cost of making the extra is absorbable.
        
         | ranieuwe wrote:
         | The way they solve this at a huge pumpkin patch out in
         | Snohomish, WA (not Craven) is by having a member of staff walk
         | down the line and tally up before people hit the register. They
         | write the sizes and sum on a piece of paper, you give it to a
         | cashier. Done. Lines went QUICK.
         | 
         | Low tech, works well.
        
         | david38 wrote:
         | Weight is the simplest by far. 50,
         | 
         | Otherwise, build a box, and the smallest box that fit the
         | pumpkin determines its size.
        
           | odyssey7 wrote:
           | I wonder if they run into issues selling by weight. Customers
           | are usually paying more for the visual size, not however much
           | water a particular item has in it.
           | 
           | Does the weight increase linearly with size? If it's
           | especially hollow, probably not, while an especially large
           | and hollow pumpkin may be uncommon and should be sold for a
           | high price.
           | 
           | Edit: I guess a better question would be, can you predict
           | desirable carving qualities and visual size accurately as a
           | function of pumpkin weight?
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | FWIW: Selling by weight seems to be common (and quick) in
             | Minnesota.
        
             | monkeybutton wrote:
             | Take a "sample" of pumpkins, weigh them, have the humans
             | write down their prices and fit a pumpkin weight -> price
             | model. A pumpkin is sort of a hollow shell if you discount
             | the weight of the goop inside, so the weight should
             | increase with the square of the diameter.
        
             | swixmix wrote:
             | I've sold pumpkins on a farm before. It's a social
             | experience where you pay for the pumpkin "ticket" at the
             | end.
             | 
             | Whole families dress up for the experience. People love
             | being in a pumpkin patch and searching for their favorite
             | pumpkin. They love doing it with their family. They enjoy
             | the risk of wheeling them and guessing how much they weigh.
             | 
             | And the farm makes more money when they grow heavier
             | pumpkins.
             | 
             | This isn't an activity to be taken so seriously.
             | 
             | Scales and measurement aren't really necessary. I could
             | eyeball and wobble a pumpkin very quickly and give a fair
             | price. But then I am having all the fun, not the customer.
             | 
             | Put the tech into making it a better experience!
             | 
             | Oh is that tractor pulling a wagon? Got to go!
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Weight is beautifully simple, but the process of unloading
             | 100lbs of pumpkin to be weighted & loading them back in
             | your cart might be a significant driver of the queue
             | latency.
             | 
             | Grocery stores pipeline the unloading & loading steps.
        
               | jbay808 wrote:
               | Just roll the wheelbarrow right over an in-floor scale!
               | Subtract the wheelbarrow's own weight, which can be
               | printed on the wheelbarrow itself. Or for something more
               | high tech, put a QR code on the wheelbarrow and you can
               | periodically update its empty weight in the database when
               | it's empty and scan it at checkout.
               | 
               | This is basically how it works at my local landscaping
               | store where they sell gravel by weight.
        
         | comeonseriously wrote:
         | The patch we went to had a loop with a string attached. Loop
         | went over stem and they wound the string around the pumpkin.
         | String had markings so they could tell how much to charge. Took
         | all of 2 seconds per pumpkin.
         | 
         | I don't really want a teched out pumpkin patch.
        
         | csydas wrote:
         | TBH, I think you over-complicate this.
         | 
         | 1. Dry-weight scales are very common in produce/stores and
         | extremely common in EU stores (I'm in Russia right now and it's
         | de-facto the standard for most every store)
         | 
         | 2. Get a few scales cause you can use them for all produce year
         | around, and they easily earn their keep, and the upkeep is
         | cheap
         | 
         | 3. Pre-pick pumpkins under a certain threshold and sell at flat
         | prices; this creates two sale levels: one for those who want a
         | big pumpkin to mess with, one for those who just want a pumpkin
         | to carve. The latter doesn't need to be heavily regulated, your
         | workers can just eye-ball it and given the margins around
         | Halloween you won't really lose out (probably such "eye-
         | balling" will benefit the farm, not the consumer)
         | 
         | The technical solution here might eventually be more accurate,
         | but it doesn't really benefit anyone. The conditions to make
         | the camera detection work are wonky and you probably end up
         | wasting more time making sane conditions for detection than you
         | do just setting some limits.
         | 
         | Similarly, don't forget that too much tech, and it actually
         | might __discourage__ people as they see the farm as non-
         | authentic. The aesthetic of an organic "real" farm doesn't
         | include a lot of high-tech in many people's minds, and you risk
         | offending the wisdom of the masses by being "too
         | technological". Granted, there's absolutely no difference in
         | the end result, but consumers certainly thing differently about
         | it (there's a reason a lot of people still prefer a human
         | cashier to the touch-screen terminals at fast food restaurants,
         | and it's not efficiency, that's for sure)
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | You could also pre-label any more exotic (type/size)
           | pumpkins.
           | 
           | For that matter, you could pre-label everything outside of a
           | "commodity" which you could segregate. But just weighing
           | seems more straightforward than messing with boxes and seems
           | like it would be a pretty good proxy.
        
         | tomcooks wrote:
         | Unload barrow on a checkout cage, top of checkout cage is a
         | plank with holes on top with one hole for each size category
         | (the bigger the more expensive)
         | 
         | Pumpkin falls on an Arduino controlled button, adds +1 on a
         | price multiplier
         | 
         | All pumpkins get unloaded on a checkout wheelbarrow for
         | customer to load on their car.
         | 
         | To open the cage and collect the checkout wheelbarrow you have
         | to pay price is sum of multipliers times their respective base
         | price.
         | 
         | Unsold loaded checkout wheelbarrows in cages can be pushed by
         | staff at the beginning of the queue with a "pay with credit
         | card and leave in 30 seconds" sign, at a 10% premium.
        
       | ashtonkem wrote:
       | The farm we go to rotates which field is used as their season
       | pumpkin patch on a year by year basis. We wondered if there was
       | some crop rotation benefit to doing that, like maybe pumpkins fix
       | nitrogen so they're a good intermittent crop between other
       | nitrogen depleting species.
        
         | ImprovedSilence wrote:
         | Pumpkin is a type of squash. Squash, bean, and corn is the
         | "three sisters" so it makes sense those other ones could be
         | rotated in.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Three things (from my experience at our little market garden
         | farm):
         | 
         | Cucurbits (squashes, gourds, pumpkins, zuchinis, etc.) are
         | heavy feeders. They use a lot of nitrogen, require fairly rich
         | soil. So they're typical grown in recently amended soil. So
         | growing them multiple years in a row in the same spot has some
         | challenges.
         | 
         | They attract quite a few pests (fungal and insect). But those
         | pests tend to be specific to cucurbits (or Cucurbitaceae,
         | including melons, etc.). So it's a good idea to rotate them out
         | so that overwintering pests in the plot don't have a free snack
         | the next year.
         | 
         | Finally, they make a good crop to plant at the beginning of a
         | rotation because they grow quickly and cover the ground,
         | blocking the sun and drowning out many weeds. So a good way to
         | bring new land into production or to get some perennial weeds
         | out of a plot that you want to use for something else the next
         | year.
        
       | paulcole wrote:
       | I like how the article takes a hard turn from statistics:
       | 
       | > Americans are expected to spend a record $10B+ on Halloween
       | items in 2021, up from $8B last year -- and pumpkins are a big
       | player: Among the 65% of Americans celebrating Halloween this
       | year, 44% (~94m people) plan to carve one.
       | 
       | Straight to vague generalities:
       | 
       | > While pumpkins can readily be found at most grocery stores,
       | many folks turn to a patch to procure their autumnal canvas.
       | 
       | It's like the person writing the article went in wanting to write
       | about pumpkin patches but pumpkin patches aren't as common as
       | they hoped so they plowed ahead anyway.
        
         | tomcooks wrote:
         | Or that's how clickbait articles work
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | How is the article clickbait? What did you expect based on
           | the headline that you didn't get?
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Or the person just wanted to write about pumpkin patches, did
         | that, and getting statistics on them was impossible considering
         | how informal they are.
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | Feels like the statistics of how many people buy pumpkins at
           | pumpkin patches could be important to an article titled the
           | economics of pumpkin patches.
        
         | Rastonbury wrote:
         | You were hoping for a survey of where halloween pumpkin buyers
         | buy their pumpkins?
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | Yes, seems like knowing how many people buy pumpkins at
           | pumpkin patches might be useful information for an article on
           | the economics of pumpkin patches.
        
       | jjmellon wrote:
       | The article's profit calculations assume that every pumpkin grown
       | can be sold. If you take a drive in the countryside today (last
       | day of sale before Hallowe'en), you'll see this is not the case.
       | Huge piles of pumpkins still at the farm stores, and fields full
       | of unharvested pumpkins. I believe the likely explanation for
       | pumpkin patch economics is that pumpkins serve as a loss leader
       | to attract customers to a farm store.
        
         | beauzero wrote:
         | That's why you have pigs. In the South (USA) pumpkin patches,
         | corn mazes, and apple farms are only profitable with weekend
         | day treks sold to urban/subdivision bound parents looking to
         | get their kids outside. Pumpkins sold in Aldi's cost about $5
         | and we have paid as much as $60 for a similar pumpkin picked
         | out by one of our kids. It gets us all out of the house and
         | helps local farms.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | But, the chart clearly showed that 50-75% of the pumpkins
         | cannot be sold.
        
           | jjmellon wrote:
           | The chart shows that 25% to 50% are not "capable" of being
           | sold. I think this refers to losses in the field, such as
           | unripe, overripe, insect or animal damage, etc.
           | 
           | However, the article ignores the fact that many of the ones
           | that are capable of being sold are never sold.
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | Why would they ignore that, but include losses in the
             | field? Without more information, I assume the "not capable
             | of being sold" number includes unsold units too.
        
               | ViViDboarder wrote:
               | It's possible, but doesn't seem that way to me. That
               | explicitly mention field damage and so forth but don't
               | mention unsold pumpkins.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | Is there a different type of pumpkin for pumpkin puree? Or
             | could they not be used as animal feed?
             | 
             | And why can't you sell the seeds? The article quotes
             | ~$100/1k seeds. That's $0.10 per seed. There are ~250 seeds
             | per pumpkin - that's $25 per pumpkin. What am I missing?
        
               | Isamu wrote:
               | The small "sugar pumpkins" are generally used for
               | canning. I think those are harvested with much less
               | waste.
        
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