[HN Gopher] OpenWorm
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       OpenWorm
        
       Author : 9woc
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2021-10-30 01:19 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | moyix wrote:
       | Over at LessWrong niconiconi recently posted a somewhat
       | pessimistic assessment of the last 10 years of progress on
       | emulating C. Elegans, including OpenWorm:
       | 
       | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mHqQxwKuzZS69CXX5/whole-brai...
       | 
       | Apparently there are some signs that progress is being made again
       | now, though...
        
         | kaijia wrote:
         | Recently I looked into this subject and talked with a postdoc
         | researcher. It is interesting to see this discussion on HN.
         | 
         | C elegans is far more complicated than the connectome
         | abstraction used in these projects. There are all kinds of ion
         | channels, including new ones recently discovered
         | (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34388373/ ), that are
         | regulated by genes and other physical/biochemical factors in
         | the body that are very poorly understood. We only have slightly
         | better understanding of its brain development recently (
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03778-8 ). The in
         | vivo research on C. elegans neural system mostly uses the
         | concentration of Ca+ as the neuron activity indicator, which
         | lefts out other details.
         | 
         | According to the postdoc that I talked with, we are still very
         | very far from even accurately understanding a single neuron,
         | let alone simulating any neural network completely.
         | 
         | Edit: typo
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | C. Elegans is the perfect first candidate for understanding the
         | whole brain of some animal.
         | 
         | It doesn't even have spiking neurons. Whole Brain Emulation of
         | merely 302 neurons would not be that hard if we understood how
         | worm brain and neurons work.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | What if neurons aren't the only component of a neurological
           | system that we need to be tracking, and we're not aware of
           | that fact?
        
             | flatiron wrote:
             | Then that would be exposed as part of this effort and they
             | can go figure out what else to track.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Would it? It seems openworm has been struggling to work
               | for a long time. How confident are we that the answer is
               | just more effort?
        
               | w1nk wrote:
               | Where else do you imagine the answer would come from?
        
           | neatze wrote:
           | > It doesn't even have spiking neurons.
           | 
           | What do you mean ?
           | 
           | If I recall correctly there was one hobbyist who used
           | Hodgkin-Huxley neurons to emulate movement of warm, it
           | actually trivial task.
        
             | nabla9 wrote:
             | Consider the difference between:
             | 
             | Replicating limited outward behaviour with simplified
             | neuron model.
             | 
             | vs.
             | 
             | Fully simulating the functioning of the neuron so that it
             | does not replicate some observed behaviors, but simulates
             | the brain function accurately at the neuron level.
             | 
             | An elegant mind: Learning and memory in Caenorhabditis
             | elegans http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/17/4/191.long
        
               | neatze wrote:
               | Hodgkin-Huxley neurons are fully functioning neurons as
               | far my understanding goes, furthermore, if not mistaken
               | openwarm simulator has ability to simulate hydrodynamics
               | on cellular levels.
        
       | praveen9920 wrote:
       | There is a TED talk about the same
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY2-0-QsuTE&ab_channel=TEDxT...
        
       | jarrell_mark wrote:
       | Here's OpenWorm controlling a robot :
       | https://youtu.be/YWQnzylhgHc?t=31
        
       | mdp2021 wrote:
       | I see there are also very interesting inputs in previous
       | discussions:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8949408 - Jan 2015
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8745251 - Dec 2014 (OpenWorm
       | in Lego)
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7613732 - Apr 2014
        
       | chrisallick wrote:
       | at first glance i thought this would be an opensource virus.
       | which is a fun idea because as its updated it inspires people to
       | patch their code. or an opensource virus that patches
       | vulnerabilities is also fun.
        
         | tux3 wrote:
         | You may be interested in meterpreter and the metasploit
         | framework.
         | 
         | It's not an actual worm or virus, because that'd be a little
         | silly, but from automated exploits and a good reverse shell
         | that's a small epsilon away from what you're describing.
        
         | thrdbndndn wrote:
         | I thought it's a clone of classic video game, Worms.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worms_(1995_video_game)
        
           | baq wrote:
           | I imagine trademark lawyers would deal with that name pretty
           | quickly. But, there are other cute animals which would look
           | good blowing themselves up with bazookas, like hedgehogs.
           | 
           | https://www.hedgewars.org/
        
       | agys wrote:
       | I love this project and I love its name even more...!
        
       | jcun4128 wrote:
       | Not entirely related, I wonder if they have simulations out there
       | for the primordial soup and accelerating it (evolution) so that
       | it hopefully gets to a human brain.
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | The primordial soup was presumably an Earth-scale massively
         | parallel chemical "computation" with no goal. How would you
         | even begin to simulate that? We at least know roughly what a
         | worm does.
        
           | jcun4128 wrote:
           | Yeah idk, the compounds, basic laws of physics, let time
           | accelerate quickly in many iterations.
        
             | Smaug123 wrote:
             | This is reeeeeaaaaalllllly hard. Remember that protein
             | folding was unsolved five years ago. (I'm not an expert at
             | all, and I can't make a ruling on whether AlphaFold is now
             | generally considered a "solution".) Protein folding is just
             | one small part of physics.
        
               | jcun4128 wrote:
               | Yeah I'm not saying it's easy, I know I can't do it now
               | haha. I'm a JS kiddie myself, still have yet to get into
               | this kind of stuff like making a basic 3D simulation,
               | best I got to is 3JS at this time. I'm working on it when
               | I have time.
               | 
               | I watched some protein folding stuff from the Comma AI
               | guy I didn't even know what was going on there but it
               | looked cool.
               | 
               | But we do have computation readily available, my 3060 is
               | just sitting there while I sleep, I could do some things
               | with it maybe. Granted it's not a super computer, lower
               | end.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | > But we do have computation readily available, my 3060
               | is just sitting there while I sleep
               | 
               | You have vastly overestimated the power of your 3060 if
               | you think it can simulate all the Earth's atoms at the
               | beginning of life here.
        
               | Smaug123 wrote:
               | I would instead call this "vastly underestimating the
               | complexity of physics". Again, protein folding is a tiny
               | tiny subset of physics and is famously extremely
               | computationally difficult.
        
               | jcun4128 wrote:
               | Back in my day they put men on the moon on some tubes /s.
               | Yeah I get it, just a what if though, but good to know
               | not easy.
               | 
               | At some point I will get the time though and dive into
               | it, learn new things. One time I didn't have a job for
               | several months that was great.
        
             | joeberon wrote:
             | We can't even simulate the dynamics of a simple atomic
             | system in an exact way, without making assumptions. The
             | universe is that but with many many more atoms and
             | complicated couplings. The universe is much more powerful
             | of a simulation than any computer can ever be. Even if you
             | used a quantum computer you'd need as many qubits as that
             | original primordial soup.
             | 
             | Our computers are not more powerful than the "computer of
             | the Universe", they are much _much_ less powerful.
        
               | jcun4128 wrote:
               | I have heard of that saying before with regard to atoms
               | in the universe, I think in context of brute forcing but
               | yeah. Good info
        
       | brap wrote:
       | I always thought it would be much less interesting to simulate a
       | worm on a cellular level, and much more interesting to simulate
       | some single-cell organism on an atomic or even subatomic level.
       | The latter feels more like "real life", IMO.
       | 
       | I don't know which one is more difficult, though.
       | 
       | Lots of interesting ethical questions. In the future we might be
       | able to simulate a human on that level. Is it really alive? Does
       | it have rights? If we can "scan" someone and simulate them
       | virtually, are they the same person? If the physical body dies
       | but there's still a digital copy, can we say they're still alive?
        
         | tata71 wrote:
         | > If we can "scan" someone and simulate them virtually, are
         | they the same person? If the physical body dies but there's
         | still a digital copy, can we say they're still alive?
         | 
         | On what grounds?
        
           | brap wrote:
           | Well, they would be (in theory) indistinguishable from the
           | physical person. You'd be able to interact with them, and
           | their thoughts, feelings, memories etc would all still be
           | there. In many ways the "soul" is still there. Obviously this
           | is very much a matter of opinion.
        
             | tata71 wrote:
             | I think the legal theory of personhood has nothing to do
             | with successfully _recreating_ interacting with that
             | person.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | At the absolute best, you have a poor copy of the person.
           | 
           | We have had examples of poor copies forever. We call them
           | twins. If you have a twin, that twin isn't you, and you're
           | not them.
           | 
           | The most interchangeable your copy could be with you would be
           | that the copy might be able to log into and post from your
           | online accounts and fool many of your followers, if you have
           | any; or to withdraw your money from your bank account and buy
           | the sort of things you might have bought _if you still had
           | the money_.
        
         | karmanyaahm wrote:
         | > In the future we might be able to simulate a human on that
         | level. Is it really alive? Does it have rights?
         | 
         | Purely probabilistically, we are such humans. If any 'base'
         | universe can easily simulate humans, for fun or research, such
         | simulations will soon vastly outnumber the 'real' people. And
         | because of that, we have to assume we are in an ancestor
         | simulation.
        
           | Enginerrrd wrote:
           | I really disagree with the fundamental assumption there.
           | 
           | I find it very difficult to believe that a base universe
           | could ever simulate something of the complexity of our
           | universe without massive and pointless expense, at best. And
           | even if they could, I find it even more unlikely that
           | simulated universes would ever even be dense in the subset of
           | multiverses (whichever flavor your like) which contain
           | something like humans.
        
             | brap wrote:
             | I agree, and additionally, it might take an awful lot of
             | time until a civilization is advanced enough to reach the
             | point where it can simulate other beings. For all we know,
             | we can be the first beings to ever reach this point.
        
       | thih9 wrote:
       | I find this concept fascinating.
       | 
       | > While our ultimate goal is to simulate every [worm] cell in C.
       | elegans, we are starting out by building a model of its body, its
       | nervous system, and its environment. (...) To get a quick idea of
       | what this looks like, check out the latest movie:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaovWiZJUWY
       | 
       | Source: https://docs.openworm.org/projects
       | 
       | Also: the "latest video" is seven years old now, does anyone have
       | a newer demo?
        
         | 542458 wrote:
         | There's a three year old (low quality) video here.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/M0rpT831ngM
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | So it's just simulating the physical model? That's a rather
         | narrow slice of the whole thing.
         | 
         | Edit: the real website mentions a lot more like the neural
         | connections
         | 
         | https://openworm.org/
        
           | mshroyer wrote:
           | It seems likely I'm misunderstanding something, or are you
           | suggesting that C. elegans has a soul?
        
             | meowface wrote:
             | On that topic: it can't necessarily be ruled out that they
             | might have a soul. (In the sense of possessing
             | consciousness.) Less likely the fewer degrees of freedom
             | you have, and certainly seems like a long shot for ~300
             | neurons, but we don't know where the lines may be drawn and
             | we may not know for a very long time.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | A soul is not simply consciousness. A soul usually means
               | some non-physical entity that can exist independently
               | from the physical body (e.g. when you die).
               | 
               | Pure nonsense of course.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | How do you know it is pure nonsense? We actually have no
               | scientific evidence either way. There is a reason why
               | discussing the "hard problem of consciousness" is so
               | popular. There are many people now advocating for a
               | universal consciousness, i.e. that all space time has
               | intrinsically a mind-like element that is merely "tapped
               | into" by physical bodies.
               | 
               | It's foolish to pretend that it's a solved problem when
               | it's not. At the present moment we don't actually have a
               | solid idea either way.
        
               | colemannugent wrote:
               | >We actually have no scientific evidence either way.
               | 
               | That's how we know it's nonsense. When there's no
               | evidence for something it doesn't mean that it's 50%
               | Likely to be true.
               | 
               | If I told you there's a dragon in my garage you should
               | immediately think that I'm lying because you've never
               | seen any prior evidence of dragons anywhere.
               | 
               | Mathematically, things with no evidence for their
               | existence don't exist.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | Right but the idea that there are aspects of our minds
               | that don't exist within this physical universe is not
               | outlandish or bizarre, it's a very reasonable and
               | historically defended position.
               | 
               | EDIT: Also not sure what this bizarre statement is:
               | 
               | > Mathematically, things with no evidence for their
               | existence don't exist.
               | 
               | 1. How is that related to mathematics? Can you provide a
               | theorem or some definitions here?
               | 
               | 2. How is evidence related to mathematics?
               | 
               | 3. Why is mathematics relevant when talking about whether
               | or not our mind has non-physical aspects?
        
               | colemannugent wrote:
               | >...the idea that there are aspects of our minds that
               | don't exist within this physical universe is not
               | outlandish or bizarre...
               | 
               | That's where we disagree. Can you give me an example of
               | anything that doesn't exist within this physical
               | universe? I'm not familiar with the concept of a "thing"
               | that isn't physical.
               | 
               | Sorry about being confusing with the last sentence. I'll
               | try and address your questions:
               | 
               | 1. When we talk about the likelihood of something being
               | true we are now discussing probabilities, which have a
               | long and well proven track record of obeying the laws of
               | statistics. Statistics are quite often counter-intuitive
               | and our brains don't think in terms of the math that
               | governs the actual outcomes
               | 
               | A good example is the birthday problem [1]. Imagine we
               | had a room full of people and we wanted to know what the
               | odds are that two of those people in the room had the
               | same birthday. Obviously the more people we have, the
               | more likely we are to have a match, but how many people
               | do you need to get to that point?
               | 
               | It turns out that with just 23 people in the room there's
               | a 50% chance of two people having the same birthday. Most
               | people's intuition leads them to believe that for 50%
               | you'd need 365/2 = 182.5 people, but once there's 70
               | people in a room, you're almost certain to have a match
               | with a probability of 99.9%. This is a good example of a
               | case where not knowing the math will lead your
               | predictions of the world to be incorrect.
               | 
               | 2. When we discuss evidence we are trying to figure out
               | the probability of something, thus the rules of
               | probabilities apply. One of the fundamental theorems of
               | statistics is Bayes' Theorem [2], which at its core tells
               | you how to calculate the probability of an event given
               | another event.
               | 
               | To motivate that, here's a more realistic example: "A
               | patient goes to see a doctor. The doctor performs a test
               | with 99 percent reliability--that is, 99 percent of
               | people who are sick test positive and 99 percent of the
               | healthy people test negative. The doctor knows that only
               | 1 percent of the people in the country are sick. Now the
               | question is: if the patient tests positive, what are the
               | chances the patient is sick?"
               | 
               | If you answered 99% then you'd not only be wrong, but
               | you'd have misdiagnosed your patient. The correct answer
               | here is 50% [3].
               | 
               | 3. To bring it all together: to properly know things one
               | must understand the laws of mathematics. This applies not
               | just to problems that obviously involve probabilities,
               | but everything in general.
               | 
               | At it's core, I think our disagreement revolves around
               | this idea of non-physicality and the belief that there
               | are things that aren't governed by mathematics.
               | Everything is physical and obeys the laws of physics
               | which themselves are governed by the laws of mathematics.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem
               | 
               | [3] https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-
               | modules/bs/bs704_probabi...
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | Is "mathematics" a thing in our physical universe? Many
               | people argue it's an abstract set of constructions with
               | no physical reality in themselves. Sounds kind of
               | outlandish and bizarre according to your criteria.
               | 
               | > Everything is physical and obeys the laws of physics
               | which themselves are governed by the laws of mathematics.
               | 
               | If you define "physical" to mean "literally everything"
               | then of course having something outside of Physics is
               | logically impossible. That is a different definition to
               | the work "physical" that we are working with in terms of
               | the mind. In that case "physical" doesn't mean "literally
               | everything" but rather more like "those things that
               | correspond to an external, verifiable, objective
               | reality". For you, ideas and concepts would be considered
               | physical, but that is not the case for the definition of
               | "physical" I mentioned, which is far more common in both
               | religion and philosophy.
               | 
               | In this case we would say that ideas and concepts are not
               | physical. So an easy answer to your question "Can you
               | give me an example of anything that doesn't exist within
               | this physical universe? I'm not familiar with the concept
               | of a "thing" that isn't physical." would be literally any
               | concept or idea. However since you have a universalist
               | (and thus totally useless) definition of "physical", of
               | course it is impossible for me to argue that there is
               | anything outside of that.
               | 
               | PS. As a doctor in quantum physics myself, I can tell you
               | that statistics and probability is certainly a way of
               | _modelling_ outcomes, and not in any way considered a
               | fundamental element of reality.
        
               | colemannugent wrote:
               | I'm afraid I still don't understand. Are you arguing that
               | there is some utility in considering "concepts or ideas"
               | non-physical from an ontological perspective? Because I
               | think we both agree they're solidly physical in the sense
               | that a "thought" can be reduced to chemical signaling.
               | 
               | On the QM side, I'm pretty sure that you're incorrect in
               | your postscript. It was my understanding that certain
               | physical processes can only be understood though
               | probability and that talking in terms of wavefunctions is
               | the most correct way to do that.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | > Because I think we both agree they're solidly physical
               | in the sense that a "thought" can be reduced to chemical
               | signaling.
               | 
               | I don't agree with that. I think there is an inseparable
               | spiritual element that justifies the subjective
               | experience.
               | 
               | For the QM part, that still does not mean that
               | ontologically the probabilities have a physical reality.
               | Google "interpretations of quantum mechanics", we have
               | very little idea of what quantum mechanics actually means
               | yet. We can set up the problems and do the maths but no
               | one even knows what exactly it means to do a measurement
               | (again Google "measurement problem"). I am an expert in
               | quantum mechanics (it is my job) so I would be happy to
               | answer questions about it in the morning.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I think you're getting mixed up. Consciousness is
               | obviously real (because we directly experience it) and is
               | a hard problem because it's so weird.
               | 
               |  _The soul_ is not obviously real. There 's zero evidence
               | for it. It's just some random hypothesis that doesn't
               | even explain anything. It's like reincarnation. Just a
               | nice idea that someone made up with zero evidence, no
               | mechanism and no use. Clearly nonsense.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | I'm noncommittal toward the prospect that a C. elegans
               | might be conscious (though I doubt it). But here I was
               | using "soul" to mean something metaphysical, requiring
               | something beyond the physical configuration of those ~300
               | neurons to explain.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | It's impossible to really rule out such a thing but at
               | the same time I don't think there's any way we can
               | understand how to actually simulate or even identify
               | that.
        
               | BarryMilo wrote:
               | Worm soul would be a good name for a band though.
        
               | dunefox wrote:
               | Worm Soul - Shai Hulud
        
             | beaconstudios wrote:
             | I think they're talking about just the worm moving, rather
             | than also simulating the worm's CNS/mind.
        
             | tantalor wrote:
             | I mean simulating muscle contractions treats it like a
             | clockwork machine; that's not very impressive. If you go
             | deeper you can look at internals of cells, metabolism,
             | chemical energy, protein interactions. That's how the worm
             | works.
             | 
             | This is like simulating a computer by using a model of RAM
             | and CPU, when you really need to model electricity &
             | magnetism (and stray gamma rays) for a true simulation.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | Ah I see... so it sounds like I misunderstood. You're
               | calling for a higher-fidelity physical model, not
               | something metaphysical :)
               | 
               | I still think it's impressive if we can get a decent-
               | fidelity model of C. elegans behavior at the project's
               | current level of abstraction.
               | 
               | I wonder how much behavioral difference we'd see from a
               | lower level of simulation? After all, you can do a lot
               | with a "RAM and CPU" level simulation of a computer...
        
               | byteofmydream wrote:
               | And sometimes it's enough to simulate on the level of
               | api's to get same results
        
               | koziserek wrote:
               | But.. Do you need electrons and gamma ray model to
               | simulate fully your old Amiga games on PC?
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | I think the example is not great. The problem is not that
               | we could be doing better, but rather that without a more
               | granular view, the model will simply not work.
               | 
               | More like trying to model the pixels on a screen without
               | accessing the underlying program that's making decisions
               | on what to show.
        
       | Nezghul wrote:
       | There are fields, Neo, endless fields where worms are no longer
       | born...
        
       | sgtnasty wrote:
       | This is how the TechnoCore got started.
        
       | mshroyer wrote:
       | Does this freak anyone else out just a little?
       | 
       | This project is simulating an entire organism, including its
       | neurology. To what extent does running this code create a "real"
       | worm?
       | 
       | Sure, it's just C. elegans for now. But over time, we'll
       | gradually see additional projects to simulate larger organisms...
        
         | scollet wrote:
         | It's not that freaky for me. I think it's awesome!
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | Reminds me of this short fiction: https://qntm.org/mmacevedo
        
             | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
             | Oooh, that was awesome.
        
             | mshroyer wrote:
             | I hadn't run across that story before, so thanks for
             | sharing it.
        
             | _Microft wrote:
             | If you liked that, you might enjoy the Bobiverse series by
             | Dennis E. Taylor.
             | 
             | http://dennisetaylor.org/
             | 
             | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32109569-we-are-
             | legion-w...
        
               | tectonic wrote:
               | The Bobiverse is great.
        
               | tlavoie wrote:
               | Or the novel, "Permutation City", by Greg Egan. https://w
               | ww.goodreads.com/book/show/156784.Permutation_City
        
           | mshroyer wrote:
           | Oh I think it's an awesome project, too. It's just that it
           | sort of makes concrete what were previously hypothetical
           | arguments about simulating living beings.
           | 
           | I can't bring myself to care much about a C. elegans, but
           | let's say we scale this up enough to simulate something the
           | size of a dog plus its environment. Presumably it has
           | subjective experience, like a real dog? What are the ethics
           | of writing code that would result in its "suffering"?
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | "What are the ethics of writing code that would result in
             | its "suffering"? "
             | 
             | I doubt that code can suffer. We do not understand feelings
             | enough and this might help to understand it eventually -
             | but for now I see no reason to assume that they can
             | recreated digitally.
             | 
             | And I am much more worried, about many real life beings
             | that suffer in our food chain and co.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | Why would we assume subjective experience _can 't_ be
               | recreated digitally?
               | 
               | Inert "code" can't suffer, of course. But assuming we
               | accept the materialistic view, what reason do we have to
               | believe that a mind in a simulated body has any less
               | subjective experience than a mind in a "real" body?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "what reason do we have to believe that a mind in a
               | simulated body has any less subjective experience than a
               | mind in a "real" body? "
               | 
               | That reality is seemingly indefinitely complex and any
               | simulation we have, very simplifying. I am pretty sure,
               | for emotions and co, it takes a bit more sophisticated
               | simulation - if it can be achieved digitally, at all.
        
             | scollet wrote:
             | Thanks for spurring this thread. This has been pretty
             | great.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | _What are the ethics of writing code that would result in
             | its "suffering"?_
             | 
             | Do you have the same concerns about other, perhaps much
             | simpler but also virtual and pseudointelligent entities,
             | such as computer-controlled players in games?
             | 
             | It does raise some deeply philosophical questions about
             | life and what it means in general.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | > computer-controlled players in games?
               | 
               | Nah, I'm not particularly worried about that. Because
               | those are all currently based on models too simple to
               | conceivably have anything like consciousness.
               | 
               | On the other hand, once we can simulate a human and its
               | environment at OpenWorm's targeted level of abstraction,
               | presumably we would have a conscious being there?
        
               | reuben364 wrote:
               | The only consciousness we experience is our own. In the
               | extreme, we can no more say a chair suffers than a human
               | being other than ourselves. Of course we take the
               | pragmatic approach of deciding things that look like
               | suffering to us is suffering.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | I strongly disagree. The human brain, in its connectome,
               | encompasses enough computational complexity to contain
               | consciousness and suffering. A chair does not, at least
               | not based on any model I've yet seen proposed.
        
               | scollet wrote:
               | I think a chair does, in it's full life cycle.
        
               | mshroyer wrote:
               | How, exactly?
        
               | reuben364 wrote:
               | And on what basis do you claim that computational
               | complexity is a necessary condition for consciousness and
               | suffering? There is only one datum you have for
               | consciousness. Other people can tell you that they
               | experience consciousness, but so can a Text-to-Speech
               | program
        
               | handol wrote:
               | Would you believe that a text-to-speech program was
               | suffering if it told you so?
        
               | reuben364 wrote:
               | > Of course we take the pragmatic approach of deciding
               | things that look like suffering to us is suffering.
               | 
               | Hence why I said this. There is nothing you can use to
               | believe a human's claims over the text-to-speech's
               | claims, so we choose what looks like suffering to us.
               | However, my point is that it is an arbitrary choice.
        
               | pjerem wrote:
               | > There is nothing you can use to believe a human's
               | claims over the text-to-speech's claims
               | 
               | Of course there is. The human facing me looks similar to
               | me so I can interpolate its claims with my own experience
               | of being an human.
               | 
               | I thinks it's also for the same reason that we have
               | variable degrees of empathy against animals : the more
               | the animal looks like us (that can be size, number of
               | members, physically, in terms of effective
               | communication...), the more, on average, we have empathy
               | for them.
               | 
               | This can go to the extent that people commonly feel <<
               | something >> about their cars and their human-face-like
               | designs combined with their single ability to move.
        
               | reuben364 wrote:
               | Yes, but this is arbitrary. That is my point. There's no
               | reason to believe that you can extrapolate your own
               | subjective experience to others based on their similarity
               | to you.
        
               | ImStuckInTime wrote:
               | > However, my point is that it is an arbitrary choice.
               | 
               | It does not have to be arbitrary though. We could go by
               | the Turing test. If some text-to-speech could clear it i
               | would believe what it said.
        
               | reuben364 wrote:
               | But you are choosing to use the Turing test, which tests
               | a form of intelligence, as a proxy to determine whether
               | to believe the claim. A Turing test does not preclude
               | philosophical zombies. It does not demonstrate anything
               | about consciousness.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_zombie
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Don't worry, it doesn't work.
        
           | mshroyer wrote:
           | In what sense does it not work?
        
             | andai wrote:
             | The state of the art is described in this blog post (shared
             | by moyix above):
             | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mHqQxwKuzZS69CXX5/whole-
             | brai...
             | 
             | Basically, while the structure of the network has been
             | known for decades, they don't yet have the technology to
             | figure out how the neurons behave (the weights of the
             | neurons) nor how they learn (changes in the weights), so
             | they can't "upload" data from a real worm.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | This is why I roll my eyes when people say we understand
               | the human brain. We don't even fully understand what
               | individual neurons are doing.
        
               | omnicognate wrote:
               | I'm not an expert in anything relevant to this, so this
               | is ill-informed speculation.
               | 
               | But isn't referring to not knowing "the weights" (as the
               | article and researchers do) making a rather large
               | assumption about the nature of the problem? It sounds
               | more like the researchers don't know "why the neurons
               | fire when they do", which would leave open the question
               | of whether "weights" is even a sufficient model.
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | This video is a better look at what they're doing:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaCRNX0hdwU
        
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