[HN Gopher] Financial innovations brought by technology
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Financial innovations brought by technology
        
       Author : clessg
       Score  : 217 points
       Date   : 2021-10-29 15:07 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bam.kalzumeus.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bam.kalzumeus.com)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | A bit disappointed the Fed's instant payment system (FedNow),
       | going live in 2023, wasn't mentioned (although Zelle and private
       | wallets like Venmo and Cash App were). The knock on effect from
       | this will be a decline in neobanks (Chime, for example) funding
       | themselves from interchange fees, necessitating free deposit
       | account support through policy (as commercial banks don't want to
       | provide these accounts at a loss and interest income would be
       | insufficient to be self sustaining).
       | 
       | 54 other countries already have instant payment systems, and
       | utility priced (ie very cheap) instant payment infra _is_ the
       | innovation. America is just catching up the the developed world,
       | financial services speaking. After deposit accounts and instant
       | payments are solidified, the remaining innovation is...lending
       | (securitize all the things, real estate, autos, factoring, float,
       | etc).
       | 
       | The remittance cost piece was spot on though wrt to Wise.
       | Surprised we haven't seen more copycats, but it turns out culture
       | and management are the hard parts, not the tech.
        
         | digianarchist wrote:
         | The EU's SEPA Instant Credit transfer is another example as is
         | the UK Faster Payments network.
         | 
         | On the flip side if you need an example of stifiled innovation
         | with no near future improvements on the horizon, just look at
         | Canada's pathetic excuse of a banking system.
        
       | waynesonfire wrote:
       | Banks should be required by law to expose an api.
       | 
       | Plaid is a billion dollar web scraper and privacy violater that
       | works around this omission.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > Banks should be rewuired by law to expose an api
         | 
         | Like health insurance business transactions, there should be
         | mandatory standards for both the data structures and operating
         | rules for such an API as well. (But they should not be as
         | horrible as the standards and operating rules adopted for
         | healthcare.)
        
         | sfjailbird wrote:
         | That's what the EU's PSD2 regulations are about.
        
       | mNovak wrote:
       | I've seen the most innovation in this space happening for
       | business checking accounts. We recently switched over to Mercury,
       | which truly has no fees I'm aware of (even international wires
       | are free); which is wild for us coming from PNC, which wanted
       | monthly fees to send over $5k in ACH transfers (try running a
       | business on that).
       | 
       | I'm still waiting to see an identically flexible account for
       | personal use, not just business, though.
        
         | mmd45 wrote:
         | interersting. does mercury support bill pay? can you get a
         | cashier's check? how long do deposited checks take to become
         | available for withdrawal?
        
           | mNovak wrote:
           | Bill pay is generally just ACH, so yes. I'm not sure if they
           | do cashiers checks though; their tradeoff is that they are
           | electronic only, so physical checks and cash are not well
           | supported.
        
       | bityard wrote:
       | The author seems to be deliberately conflating "free banking"
       | with "no overdraft fees", which is extremely misleading.
       | 
       | I have had "free" banking for over 20 years, by going through
       | credit unions instead of banks. Credit unions are identical to
       | banks, with the exception that they are (usually? always?) non-
       | profits and generally do not charge fees for having an account.
       | There are limits on withdrawals, transfers, and fees for things
       | like wire transfers that do not affect the average family. They
       | also have some condition of membership but these days, living,
       | working, or going to school within their service area suffice.
       | Almost every area in the US has a credit union. There is no
       | reason to open an account at a commercial bank. Every time I have
       | opened a checking account (for temporary business purposes) at a
       | bank instead of a credit union account, I have regretted it.
       | 
       | Now, overdraft protection fees. These are a completely separate
       | topic that is applicable to both banks and credit unions. These
       | are completely optional, by law. If you have a habit of regularly
       | withdrawing more than you deposit, you can call up your bank/CU
       | right now and tell them to take it off of your account. The
       | tradeoff is that your checks will bounce. Either way, the
       | solution is simple: Keep track of your balance and don't
       | overdraw.
       | 
       | The author also thumbs his nose at paper checks, but most
       | traditional small businesses in the US don't have much of a
       | choice: checks are how money moves because they leave a paper
       | trail. Which is important because the security of the whole US
       | banking system is based on after-the-fact audits. This is a
       | double-edged sword because while it allows (some kinds of) fraud,
       | it's also easier to clean up. If someone steals Gradma's check
       | book, most banks will bend over backwards to help her because
       | they want to keep her as a customer. If someone steals Grandma's
       | bitcoin wallet, she is just simply fucked and that's the end of
       | that.
       | 
       | I agree that the ACH system is largely a dumpster fire, though.
        
         | Plasmoid wrote:
         | That's the argument he's making. Checking is only free because
         | it's being paid for by people who who run up fees, and these
         | people tend to be poor.
         | 
         | It would be more fair for everyone to pay the same for a
         | service, but banks decided it was "better" to get 10% of the
         | population to pay for it.
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | no, fees are pure profit in most cases. loans made with
           | deposits more than pays for operating costs of checking
           | accounts. banks that say different are fibbing.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | Local commercial banks can have a similar experience to credit
         | unions (at least until they get bought out).
         | 
         | FWIW "overdraft fees" and "overdraft protection fees" are two
         | different things. If you do not sign up for "overdraft
         | protection service", then when a check bounces, your account
         | will generally get charged an "overdraft fee", and the person
         | trying to deposit the check will generally get charged a
         | similar fee for the checking having bounced. Hence businesses
         | (that still take checks) having notices about passing their
         | banks fee back to you if you write them a bad check. If you try
         | to use your debit card, the card will be declined, since it is
         | an online transaction.
         | 
         | If you do sign up for "overdraft protection service", then the
         | bank will extend you a small line of credit. When a check would
         | bounce, the bank will honor the check but charge you an
         | "overdraft protection fee". This fee is usually the same amount
         | as an "overdraft fee" would have been, but depositing the check
         | will have been successful, saving the fee on the other side.
         | However, I _think_ that such services tend to also apply to
         | debit card transactions, so if you swipe your card and overdraw
         | your account, the transaction will go through but you 'll get
         | dinged with that fee.
         | 
         | Whether it benefits you to sign up for such a service will thus
         | depend on your expected usage and the banks specific terms.
         | Which back to the general point about banks attempting to
         | create revenue by nickle and diming customers with an arbitrary
         | fee structure - this is just another facet you need to know
         | about to avoid them. I've never paid a monthly or punitive bank
         | fee in my life, so I started off a bit skeptical of the
         | article. But I've still had to deal with the existence of such
         | fees, whether by double checking transactions, making sure to
         | keep a minimum balance, or having to get management to remove
         | erroneously assessed fees. The increased share of large online-
         | only (or online-first) banks has created a good amount of
         | competition that has driven the prevalence and dollar amount of
         | such fees down.
         | 
         | FWIW last time I did a comparison of the large online banks, I
         | saw that Capital One has an (optional) feature whereby if you
         | overdraft your account, it's treated as a regular line of
         | credit with a reasonable interest rate and no fees. This is
         | probably the best option for someone concerned about regular
         | overdrafts. The trade off is that their customer service sucks.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | The things described in the article are certainly good but I
       | don't count any of them as "innovation."
       | 
       | - Many countries have had free banking for decades now. The USA's
       | banks have finally decided to stop gouging their prices, but
       | that's hardly innovation. Overdraft fees basically are just a
       | made up problem in order to extract money from customers.
       | European banks have had a notion of "no money, no purchase" for
       | ages now.
       | 
       | Ditto with fast transfers and lower remittance.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | True innovation would be more control over your money. For
       | example, you could have a bank account with $100 in it, and you
       | allocate dollars $0-50 to be "online" money. This can mean
       | different things, but for the sake of example let's say that
       | means that you can go to https://bank.com/user/endisneigh and if
       | I give you a special code that I create you can take an amount of
       | money directly from my bank account, specified by the code. No
       | need to use something like stripe.
       | 
       | Another example could be the ability to automatically change
       | where money goes depending on its source. Got a deposit via
       | Venmo? It goes to X. From your work? Goes to Y.
       | 
       | The future is programmable money. _That 's innovation_ IMHO.
        
         | Dobbs wrote:
         | > True innovation would be more control over your money. For
         | example, you could have a bank account with $100 in it, and you
         | allocate dollars $0-50 to be "online" money. This can mean
         | different things, but for the sake of example let's say that
         | means that you can go to https://bank.com/user/endisneigh and
         | if I give you a special code that I create you can take an
         | amount of money directly from my bank account, specified by the
         | code. No need to use something like stripe.
         | 
         | This is a thing in the Netherlands, between iDeal / Tikkie /
         | and bank transfers. iDeal is used for payments online, it
         | depends a tiny bit on your bank but you get a QR code and you
         | scan it, it then does a direct bank payment from your bank to
         | their account.
         | 
         | Tikkie is similar but is p2p. I can create a link or a QR code
         | and send it to people. They can then use the link or QR code
         | and send me money. Alternatively you can just use my account
         | number (an IBAN printed on the card) and just transfer money.
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | > Tikkie is similar but is p2p. I can create a link or a QR
           | code and send it to people. They can then use the link or QR
           | code and send me money.
           | 
           | Isn't that just PayPal/Venmo?
        
         | okwubodu wrote:
         | > The future is programmable money. That's innovation IMHO.
         | 
         | What you've described can be done today with smart contracts on
         | a number of blockchains.
        
           | haskellandchill wrote:
           | It can also be done without those things, using code and
           | financial APIs.
        
             | okwubodu wrote:
             | I assumed APIs were ruled out when endisneigh said "No need
             | to use something like stripe."
             | 
             | Are there really publicly accessible APIs I use to deploy
             | that idea today?
        
               | haskellandchill wrote:
               | You can always sacrifice speed for security. I like this
               | design which was used to manage bitcoin:
               | http://trilema.com/2013/mpex-tech-stuff/. Blockchain is a
               | way of creating distributed ledgers. The rest is
               | ideology. If you are making a publicly accessible API you
               | can chose how to implement it. Regulations were applied
               | to digital cash but given more run room with crypto.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | It seems like Chime, Rho and a few others from the
               | article are built on said APIs.
        
         | lmilcin wrote:
         | Free banking is a lie.
         | 
         | Banks are making money by taxing every transaction you make
         | with your credit card. People would be shocked how much they
         | are paying the bank for the convenience if they were presented
         | with accumulated, monthly payments.
         | 
         | This is all very cleverly architected so that you, the
         | consumer, don't have to explicitly pay for anything.
         | 
         | It makes sense for banks to offer "free" checking account and
         | "free" credit cards. They don't want you to be concerned
         | because they earn so much more on interchange fees.
        
           | clusterfish wrote:
           | True, in the US. In quite a few countries most people use
           | national debit cards with transaction processing fees in the
           | 1 cent range, and in EU credit card interchange fees are
           | capped by law to something like 0.3%. such low fees also
           | eliminate anticompetitive credit card cashback offers which
           | are so common in the US.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | I kinda agree and disagree I suppose.
         | 
         | I lived in USA in the 90's and then moved to Canada. Banking
         | system here seemed _lightyears_ ahead of American in terms of
         | functionality, user-friendliness, technology. And it seemed to
         | endure until relatively recently. By all accounts, Canada is
         | behind truly innovative places.
         | 
         | So, though it's late to the game, a lot of those things are
         | still "innovation", to USA, late-trickling as they may be.
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | It is incredible how simple it would be for banks to allow you
         | to create an unlimited number of "accounts" (they are just yet
         | another row on their database, after all), and yet how few
         | banks actually allow you to do that without paying ridiculous
         | amounts of fees.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | A bank account object is tied to legal and reglatory
           | stipulations though, as well as separate insurance and other
           | risk mitigation policies.
           | 
           | It's not just a matter simply of inserting rows in a table -
           | there is overhead and other matters to consider.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | > simple [...] unlimited
           | 
           | I like how just explaining your concept makes it seems almost
           | impossible in one word.
           | 
           | Otherwise, from a bank perspective having a set of legal
           | obligations for each account it handles feels like a
           | nightmare. If you split your 10 billions into an infinitiy of
           | smaller 1000s accounts, is it supposed to guarantee all of
           | them if it goes under ? Does it report and audit each single
           | account etc.
           | 
           | If these "accounts" are just a virtual partition of your
           | money and all follow the same rule, why wouldn't you just
           | deal with them as separate entities in your excel sheets and
           | let the bank have it as it is now ? If you have a clear
           | business use (e.g. those are "wallets" for your customers)
           | there are already banking entities providing these services,
           | it's a matter of paying them enough to work with you.
           | 
           | For non business accounts there are already clear cases where
           | you would create new accounts (money that effectively needs
           | to be under a separate ownership, or bound to a specific
           | legislation, rule or currency), so it's not like there
           | currently is a limit on account creation, the friction added
           | to create one is actually protecting the system from abuse.
        
             | dkarp wrote:
             | My bank offers this by giving you virtual accounts (called
             | pots). They are, like you say, just partitions of the same
             | account, but it is useful to have them in the bank as
             | opposed to in a spreadsheet. Bills only come out of the
             | bills pot, savings are fenced off from outgoings etc.
             | 
             | Salary gets automatically sorted into the pots when
             | received.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | abecedarius wrote:
             | In legacy finance, when you pay someone with a check or
             | wire, they get your account number and from then on can
             | debit more from your account anytime they want, restrained
             | only because you can dispute it after the fact. The
             | obvious, reasonable way to fix this is to create a new ID
             | number for each payment. We have computers now. The
             | friction you like here is doing the opposite of protecting
             | the customer from abuse.
             | 
             | (I think I've read about some banks offering this as a
             | special feature.)
        
           | vanviegen wrote:
           | The Dutch Bunq bank has described itself as a bunch of nerds
           | with a banking license. Their plans include a large number of
           | accounts, physical cards that can be dynamically coupled to
           | any of them, an API, zapier integration, among many other
           | non-traditional features. https://www.bunq.com/benefits
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Their feature list certainly looks impressive, it might
             | just be the bank I was looking for.
             | 
             | One thing I can't quickly glean from their pages is: can I
             | get proper API access to my account if I'm just an
             | individual user, with no exorbitant price hike,
             | requirements to be a large business, or to enter into an
             | additional business relationship with the bank?
             | 
             | The litmus test I have for the dream bank I'm looking for:
             | can I have a normal account and get an API endpoint, to
             | which I could point a script and fetch my balance and
             | transaction history? Without being forced to go through a
             | browser to authenticate on each request, or any other kind
             | of interactivity?
        
               | vanviegen wrote:
               | I think that your litmus scenario should be doable with
               | all EU banks, for PSD2 compliance.
               | 
               | The Bunq API allows you to do a lot more than that
               | though. https://www.bunq.com/api
        
         | _448 wrote:
         | > if I give you a special code that I create you can take an
         | amount of money directly from my bank account, specified by the
         | code. No need to use something like stripe.
         | 
         | You just described OpenBanking in the UK, SEPA in the EU and
         | NPI in India.
        
         | vineyardmike wrote:
         | > give you a special code that I create you can take an amount
         | of money directly from my bank account, specified by the code.
         | No need to use something like stripe.
         | 
         | > give you a special code that I create you can take an amount
         | of money directly from my bank account, specified by the code.
         | No need to use something like stripe.
         | 
         | That is a check, but digital.
        
         | skytreader wrote:
         | > No need to use something like stripe.
         | 
         | Why wouldn't you consider using a third party (no idea if
         | Stripe can actually do the example described) as true
         | innovation in this space? With a third party layer, banks don't
         | need to reinvent the wheel.
         | 
         | > Got a deposit via Venmo? It goes to X. From your work? Goes
         | to Y.
         | 
         | FWIW, this sounds analogous (not exactly like) N26's
         | closed/semi-closed digital wallets[1]. I guess if there's a use
         | case for the example you proposed, it's not a huge leap to go
         | from here.
         | 
         | Alas, I'm a very basic bank customer so I can't vouch for how
         | good this feature is right now.
         | 
         | [1] https://n26.com/en-eu/digital-wallet
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Third parties are true innovation for sure, but the specific
           | examples cited in the article weren't necessarily innovative
           | IMHO.
           | 
           | Crypto, (and I'm really not a fan) is at least doing some
           | objectively innovative stuff. However it's not really linked
           | with traditional fiat so isn't applicable broadly.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | > With a third party layer, banks don't need to reinvent the
           | wheel.
           | 
           | With a government mandated transfer method, nobody needs to,
           | and all banks are interoperable.
           | 
           | I personally really like my bank transfers between any bank
           | in the Netherlands being near instant.
        
         | lottin wrote:
         | > The future is programmable money. That's innovation IMHO.
         | 
         | You think? I can't imagine a situation in which programmable
         | money would be an advantage.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | Yeah I wish my credit union had more controls. I appreciate
         | being able to set transaction limits and GPS-limited
         | transactions, but I want daily limits and also a transaction
         | timer. For example, I don't want more than one transaction in a
         | single five minute period. That would eliminate all instances
         | of accidental double-charging.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | You still sometimes get transactions and fees within seconds
           | of each other you - i.e. I had an ATM charge me the amount of
           | cash withdrawn once and then the fee as a separate
           | transaction.
           | 
           | I get that you want to stop identical transactions within 5
           | minutes of each other, but I have a feeling there may already
           | be stopgaps in place for something that simple.
        
           | PascLeRasc wrote:
           | I'd like to have new charges queue up like the Hey email
           | screener for me to approve or deny.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | Relative to what the government/banks are doing, the
         | cryptosphere is doing so much better.
        
           | knownjorbist wrote:
           | It's so strange how much dislike HN has for crypto and "web3"
           | more broadly, despite being so evidently ignorant of it here.
           | They're literally circling around what has been going on for
           | years in DeFi(and really exploding in activity right now as
           | we speak). Their loss I guess.
        
         | r-bar wrote:
         | I have been dying for this. Currently I use privacy.com and
         | their spending limits to get the most basic of functionality. I
         | would my bank to provide an API and make this type of control
         | and other information available. Maybe I could really dream and
         | it would be standardized across banks.
        
           | foxcurve wrote:
           | We're building retail accounts with exposed APIs. I encourage
           | you to send me an email (check profile) if that's something
           | you're interested in.
        
           | Tankenstein wrote:
           | Wise lets you access your account and money with API-s. You
           | can create a personal token (and webhooks if you want) at
           | https://wise.com/settings and you're off to the races. Api
           | docs are at https://api-docs.wise.com
           | 
           | Disclaimer: I work on Wise. (We're hiring: https://wise.jobs)
        
         | milesvp wrote:
         | I have to respectfully disagree that this isn't innovation. I
         | would very strongly argue that innovation is doing something
         | that the established players believe to be impossible.
         | 
         | From the article: >>The financial industry thought, for many
         | years, that the customers added or retained by these
         | improvements would be disproportionately expensive to service
         | and low-revenue. Cash App has experimentally disproven that.
         | 
         | The fact that there are players in the financial field doing
         | what the incumbents wouldn't and being profitable doing it is a
         | pretty good indicator that innovation is happening in the
         | industry.
         | 
         | >>True innovation would be more control over your money.
         | 
         | I won't argue that a higher bar might be for you to have more
         | control over your money. But the article very much addresses
         | this very thing. The innovation you may be missing, is that
         | there are many unbanked individuals in the US (>5% based on a
         | quick search), and this article claims this demographic is
         | finding it easier to become banked, with less predation. This
         | is probably a much greater increase in their control over their
         | money than the marginal increase programmable money is going to
         | have for your control.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Most of the things in the article were possible in the 2000s
           | via _credit unions_ , just not _banks_ in the USA. I honestly
           | don 't think it's innovation in any meaningful sense. That's
           | to say nothing about the rest of the world.
           | 
           | Alliant for example has had same-day ACH for a while. Many
           | credit unions also removed the ability to overdraft by
           | default (technically this was always possible with a bank if
           | you called).
        
         | ootsootsoots wrote:
         | So it's etherium?
         | 
         | It's all wrapping my electrons in a database in firewall rules.
         | The database outputs are pegged to one social meme or another?
        
           | Max_aaa wrote:
           | You missed, disruptive and saleable.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | black_13 wrote:
       | 2008
        
       | habitmelon wrote:
       | Why does a free basic checking account mean some some depositors
       | are being subsidized? Is it the interest? The cost of storing an
       | extra record in a database?
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | > If you say the words "financial innovation" many people
       | incorrectly believe it is largely negative
       | 
       | Hmm. I'm not sure I agree. I'd say instead that most people are
       | doubtful that financial institutions are playing nicely, and/or
       | that "fairness" is increasing.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | Current government treatment of finance and big business (and
         | free trade, and neo-liberal policies generally) is pretty
         | unpopular among voters for either major party. Whole thing's
         | regarded as a bunch of self-serving bullshit for the ultra-rich
         | and the wannabe-ultra-rich, of zero or negative value to normal
         | folks (I'm not claiming that's correct, mind you).
         | 
         | It's one place where there's a _huge_ gap between the average
         | voter and either major US party 's platform, and certainly
         | between the average voter and actual laws & enforcement. It's
         | why a certain lately-prominent political figure made the
         | tactical decision to ignore their party's platform and court
         | voters directly--and it worked.
        
       | trixie_ wrote:
       | It's interesting to think that before Bitcoin, money really had
       | no digital form that could exist independent of a bank. Like I
       | can store cash in my wallet outside of a bank, and give it to
       | someone else without going through a bank. That concept didn't
       | exist electronically before Bitcoin. Services like PayPal made
       | for a similar experience, but it was only an abstraction over
       | bank to bank transfers.
       | 
       | So cool now that we actually have a fully distributed and digital
       | form of money. So much innovation is happening right now to
       | explore all possibilities of this new capability we have.
       | 
       | Already moving Bitcoin compared to an ACH or Wire Transfer is
       | night and day. Much faster with no limits or constraints, or even
       | having to pass money through a bank as an intermediary step.
        
       | clumsysmurf wrote:
       | > Zelle was, in large degree, a response by banks to avoid being
       | disintermediated by the payment apps
       | 
       | Curious what the HN crowd thinks about this ... was this a good
       | or bad thing?
        
       | marban wrote:
       | Let's keep in mind that these micro revolutions apply mostly to
       | the archaic US system and have been somewhat standard in other
       | parts of the world.
        
         | smoovb wrote:
         | Highly US-centric article, would be good to be labeled as such.
        
       | zz865 wrote:
       | Yeah its happening because fintechs are getting around the rules
       | that were introduced on the traditional banking system. Anti
       | money laundering, KYC, loan regulations, rules to open branches
       | in certain demographics, dodd-frank etc - all this stuff isn't
       | free, the traditional banks are drowning in rules and
       | regulations. I know I used to work there.
       | 
       | Of course you can create a simple service that ignores all those
       | rules and it'll be cheaper.
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | I worked for both, you're wrong.
         | 
         | The difference between fintech and traditional banks is that
         | former treats tech as revenue driver and latter as cost center
         | and it feels in literally every step.
        
           | deeg wrote:
           | Don't forget the massive bureaucracy at traditional banks. I
           | worked at a small company that was building a payments
           | platform for a large US bank. The amount of turf-protecting
           | between the different payment types within the bank was mind-
           | boggling. Everything was highly compartmentalized and it
           | could take weeks to get a config setting changed on a test
           | server. It was an interesting experience for me watching from
           | the outside.
        
         | sarora27 wrote:
         | I currently work for a fintech and i can argue we're not
         | getting around the rules, we're just able to move faster on it.
         | We have invested a ton of resources into things like AML, KYC,
         | and ensuring compliance. The only difference between us and a
         | bank going through this is that we get to generally work w/
         | newish systems and minimal bureaucracy. Meanwhile banks have to
         | work w/ much more antiquated systems and bureaucracy that makes
         | it harder for them to move at all.
        
       | jamesshamenski wrote:
       | If you haven't moved people to crypto, you're enabling the
       | problem.
        
       | mbesto wrote:
       | Fun fact - most of these "innovative" banks (Chime, Mercury, Rho,
       | etc.) are just "skins" on top of legacy banks that built out APIs
       | (which in itself is probably innovation). I'm not aware of any
       | classic "bank" that does the old boring retail stuff that Chase,
       | BoA, etc. do but add in APIs, free wires, etc.
        
       | patio11 wrote:
       | Happy to answer any questions or take requests for future issues,
       | HN. (This is the second issue of my new weekly newsletter.)
       | 
       | Edit to add: Incidentally, while I'm always thrilled when my
       | stuff ends up on the front page, I'm also a member of this
       | community and know that there's a limited tolerance for the same
       | sites ending up on here on a weekly basis. In previous years I
       | spaced out releasing essays to not annoy y'all, but I can't do
       | that with a weekly newsletter, so if folks can be selective in
       | submitting these here I'd appreciate it.
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | Okay, so the obvious question is... crypto. Do these large
         | institutions have any interest in opening up interfaces to the
         | crypto ecosystem, are they skeptical as hell about the concept
         | generally, is the technology mature enough to start seeing
         | integration with common tasks like sending money in these
         | popular "instant" apps (e.g. Venmo uses a stablecoin to
         | transfer money, without even showing the crypto part to the
         | user)?
         | 
         | I'm wondering if my local credit union wants to hold my BTC for
         | me, if I wanted to do something like that.
        
           | stevebmark wrote:
           | You mean a system built on Proof of Waste where it takes
           | minutes to confirm transactions using large amounts of energy
           | purely to guess random numbers, that's literally designed to
           | get harder and generate more waste the more it's used, and is
           | full of scams and treated purely as a highly volatile
           | commodity with limited realized practical use, where
           | blockchain "technology" is so poor that you can only put a
           | URL in a block, so NFTs aren't connected to anything (and
           | used for many scams), and where each news article about smart
           | contract failures is somehow more hilarious than the last? I
           | sure hope banks don't navigate into this space.
        
             | throwaway98797 wrote:
             | Buy a nft. See if that changes your perspective.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | I'm hardly a crypto-stan, but I get tired of the same
             | recycled complaints.
             | 
             | There's a move towards PoS, crypto is not synonymous with
             | PoW.
             | 
             | You'll be displeased to know that scams occur with fiat as
             | well as crypto.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | > I'm wondering if my local credit union wants to hold my BTC
           | for me, if I wanted to do something like that.
           | 
           | They'll do that now with a piece of paper in a safe deposit
           | box, no? Other options for their holding your BTC, including
           | ones that let them make money off it and so offer interest to
           | depositors, seem like they'd open up the same risks as
           | existing relatively-reputable exchanges.
        
             | Meekro wrote:
             | A piece of paper in a safe deposit box is, unfortunately,
             | not risk-free. There have been some incidents where, for
             | example, the owner of box #1343 loses his key and asks the
             | bank to drill the box, so they drill box #1434 and give him
             | the contents (hopefully your paper wallet does not say
             | "MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN UNTRACEABLE EASY-TO-STEAL CRYPTO"
             | at the top!) Also, floods have resulted in box contents
             | being destroyed (a bigger problem in some cities than
             | others.)
        
               | kamarg wrote:
               | Not to mention most safe deposit boxes are insured for a
               | few hundred dollars max unless you've specifically bought
               | additional insurance. So if the bank does screw up and
               | give your box contents to someone else, you can only
               | recover a very minimal amount of the value.
        
         | frogpelt wrote:
         | You left out fee-free stock trading which is commonplace now.
         | Maybe you were intentionally focused more on the banking side.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | What about security? A number of innovations seem to overrely
         | on new options which could offer potential for breach.
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | The innovation I've been waiting for is FedCoin (digital
         | dollar).
         | 
         | The details are a little hazy, but I'm expecting real instant
         | transfers (not just between people but also between your own
         | accounts at different institutions) and free access for
         | everybody in the US.
         | 
         | Like crypto, but with real money.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | I agree completely- the overhead of bitcoin and other crypto
           | is only useful if we don't trust our governments / banks. As
           | we trust them exactly as much as we do, we may as well have a
           | blockchain run by the Fed / BoE and just have zero margin
           | cost per transaction.
           | 
           | I am slightly terrified of the short term consequences but
           | it's a good idwa
        
           | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
           | Central Bank Digital Currencies are a dystopian nightmare.
           | They permit all kinds of financial shenanigans like automated
           | negative interest rate, demurrage, financial censorship and
           | control.
           | 
           | Cryptocurrency already is real money. Its more real than
           | anything the state can print from nothing.
        
             | mountainofdeath wrote:
             | Most of the advantages cryptocurrency fall into one two
             | categories.
             | 
             | 1. Speed improvements over the legacy infrastructure e.g.
             | instant transfers without a middleman. Itself, mostly a
             | problem just in the USA. 2. Bypassing various international
             | and national regulations.
             | 
             | Central bank digital currency retains #1 while rejecting #2
             | which is important for a nation's sovereignty.
        
               | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
               | Don't forget (the primary reason Bitcoin was invented) 3.
               | The lack of ability for central banks to inflate the
               | monetary supply.
               | 
               | "The central bank must be trusted not to debase the
               | currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of
               | breaches of that trust." --SN
               | 
               | 3. is important for ensuring you don't have the time
               | value of your savings destroyed by inflation.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | The tradeoff is lack of controls and ridiculous price
               | volatility. The fed may not be perfect with the USD, but
               | at least it's stable and supports global economies.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > free access for everybody in the US.
           | 
           | As long as you're not previously convicted, registered sex
           | offender, poor credit score or otherwise a "lower" human.
           | 
           | > Like crypto, but with real money.
           | 
           | "FedCoin" (a digital currency operated and maintained by a
           | central authority) sounds like the opposite of a
           | cryptocurrency.
        
         | Folcon wrote:
         | Reading this segment feels like it was terminated prematurely?
         | 
         | > Free checking wasn't free. Instead of most depositors paying
         | a predictable (and relatively small) fee for their checking
         | account, a tiny portion of the depositor base was assessed
         | many, many $25-$35 fees stochastically based on how frequently
         | their incomings and outgoings were temporarily mismatched.
         | 
         | Specifically the "depositor base was assessed many, many" part.
         | Feels like the many before the comma is missing something.
         | Maybe it should be times? "a tiny portion of the depositor base
         | was assessed many times, many $25-$35 fees stochastically"
         | 
         | Not certain though.
        
           | xsmasher wrote:
           | Some of the depositors were assessed "many, many $25-$35
           | fees."
           | 
           | Could have been rewritten as "repeatedly assessed $25-$35
           | fees" but it's understandable to me.
        
             | Folcon wrote:
             | I'd agree with that rewording =)...
             | 
             | Just was a bit of a mental hiccup when I was reading which
             | is probably why I picked up on it.
        
           | Arcuru wrote:
           | It is an odd piece of grammar, but I've heard it fairly
           | often. I'm not sure if it's proper English or not.
           | 
           | "many, many" is a different way of emphasizing the word
           | "many". So "assessed many, many fees" implies that there were
           | more fees assessed than if they had just stated "assessed
           | many fees".
        
             | Folcon wrote:
             | Interesting, thanks for the heads up.
        
         | axg11 wrote:
         | Just let the market decide ;)
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | Hey Patrick, I always enjoy reading your stuff. For this
         | particular piece, it's a pity that you don't have a specific
         | view on Europe. I'm sure it's difficult to know every detail.
         | Perhaps it's a good opportunity to involve someone at Stripe
         | who knows e.g. the European side of things? Or even how things
         | are in Africa? (Matteo Rizzi of Fintechstage comes to mind,
         | amazing experience in anything fintech-related in Africa).
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Not to be super cynical, but it would be embarrassing and
           | reveal that there is not really any innovation. I kept
           | cringing and thinking "didn't they do this in Europe
           | (Netherlands) decades ago?"
        
         | mherdeg wrote:
         | How does the best price you give for JPY->USD ($10 for $1,000
         | with Wise) compare with OANDA fxTrade?
         | 
         | I think their current posted fees are 1.4% spread-only ($14 for
         | $1000) or 0.3% spread plus core fees. I can't quite tell from
         | the rate sheet but looks like 550 JPY for a 100,000 JPY trade.
         | I guess that would work out to about ... $8.50 per $1000? Is
         | that right?
         | 
         | If you have a local bank that allows foreign depositors to
         | exchange at 0.3 JPY/1 USD, does that mean you pay about $2.50
         | to convert 1000 USD?
        
           | patio11 wrote:
           | If one has to do this frequently and in size the best way I'm
           | aware of is Interactive Brokers, but for most customers doing
           | $1k transactions (like me back in 2004 to pay my student
           | loans) $8.50 and $10 are the same number but the $60 the best
           | option cost back then (GoLloyds, now operated by Shinsei, if
           | anyone is curious) was not.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | This is key I think. Paying a couple extra dollars for
             | convenience to avoid getting screwed by retail rates on
             | $1000 or so once in a while is an easy yes.
             | 
             | OTOH, if you are even at 5-6 figures regularly you start
             | paying attention to all the fractions, and bit more pain in
             | the ass interface is fine. At one point I used to do this
             | directly with a FX desk which was a bit fiddly but saved me
             | a bunch over a few years.
        
               | mherdeg wrote:
               | It's true when I was routinely repatriating income with a
               | forex trading desk the experience was not totally
               | streamlined and paying attention to the spread and rates
               | pretty closely. But also I got out "lucky" by exiting at
               | 1 GBP/1.62 USD (moved home a while back), and the timing
               | mattered a lot more than the rates
        
         | umeshunni wrote:
         | Great post that provides an overview of recent changes in
         | banking.
         | 
         | Something you should add here is that free banking is also made
         | possible due to the economics of the Durbin Amendment of the
         | 2010 Dodd Frank act that allows smaller financial institutions
         | to charge a higher interchange fees on debit transactions.
         | 
         | Most Fintech/Neobank players like Chime fall into this bucket
         | and they are able to fund the operational cost of the checking
         | account with the interchange fees of the debit card.
        
           | ksdale wrote:
           | I believe he mentioned that in the first newsletter!
        
         | tl wrote:
         | Unfortunately the market-clearing price (in karma) for someone
         | posting your article is greater than zero, ensuring that
         | nothing short of regulation would prevent it.
        
       | tablespoon wrote:
       | > If you say the words "financial innovation" many people
       | incorrectly believe it is largely negative (or at least risk-
       | taking) or not happening. This is incorrect. The world is
       | actually getting better, within our own lifetimes.
       | 
       | I think what may be going on is that "financial innovation" is
       | being used to refer to different things. I think when people say
       | "financial innovation" is negative, they're referring to "high
       | finance"/Wall Street type stuff like CDOs, but this article
       | mostly talks about retail bank accounts.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | > Most of what we think of innovation is really business model
         | innovation, rather than technology innovation. We are more
         | easily amused and excited by the latter, but what changes our
         | lives more often is the former. Business model innovations
         | rarely capture the imagination of the masses or present well on
         | short time-horizon focused mediums, say Twitter, but they
         | matter.
         | 
         | https://www.readmargins.com/p/jokes-you-invented-bad-jokes
        
         | patio11 wrote:
         | A major purpose of writing these is to eventually convince
         | folks who love cheap mortgages and well-funded pensions but
         | hate CDOs that they have an incomplete model of how the world
         | works and an inconsistent preference set.
        
           | Ensorceled wrote:
           | Do you have a better answer than "you just don't understand"?
           | 
           | I am also under the impression that much of "high finance" is
           | problematic, the industry seems to be often parasitical and
           | rife with problems such as insider trading and market
           | manipulation.
        
             | patio11 wrote:
             | Consider this a pre-commitment to write someday, at
             | excruciating length, why many of the features that
             | Americans take for granted about mortgages depend on a)
             | mortgage securitization (CDOs) and b) the U.S.'s quixotic
             | policy to massively subsidize the supply chain for
             | homeownership and, thereby, homeowners.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | While the details of the connection would of course
               | require a long article to discuss, I think the basic
               | observation involved is simple. Just compare these two
               | facts:
               | 
               | (1) Americans expect to be able to get 30 year mortgages
               | at rates around 3 percent;
               | 
               | (2) Americans expect to be able to invest their
               | retirement savings in stocks and bonds with a long term
               | rate of return of 8 percent or more.
               | 
               | These two facts make no sense when put together unless
               | somebody is putting a massive thumb on the scales
               | somewhere. In a free market such a situation would be
               | impossible, because nobody would have any incentive to
               | lend money for 30 years at 3 percent when they could just
               | invest it in stocks and bonds over the same time horizon
               | and get 8 percent.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > mortgage securitization (CDOs)
               | 
               | I don't think those things are synonymous. You can have
               | mortgage securitization without CDOs.
               | 
               | IIRC, the issue with CDOs was they were used to
               | "innovatively manufacture" "low risk" investments out of
               | high risk assets. They were so complicated that
               | sophisticated professional investors lost track of the
               | underlying situation, made decisions based on a flawed
               | model of them, then got caught with their pants down when
               | their model failed.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | Any argument against a CDO is implicitly an argument
               | against a mortgage backed security. In fact, CDOs by
               | their nature can be _more_ decoupled from systematic
               | mortgage risk. So while you could theoretically have
               | securitized mortgages without other kinds of CDOs its
               | largely not something that makes mortgage securitization
               | less risky.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Ooh, can you tie in the final abandonment of the gold
               | standard, the introduction of the IRA/401(k), and the
               | relationship between insane over-leveraged derivatives
               | markets and American consumer financial health?
               | 
               | Afaik, the successful tying of the consumer investment
               | (and especially retirement) account to the performance of
               | the _financial_ market (rather than to the parts of the
               | market that manifest themselves in more physical ways)
               | has created a situation where any large-scale decision
               | that might improve the material lives of Americans but
               | would harm the  'market' (via lowering the value of the
               | USD or certain fund share prices) has become untenable.
               | 
               | Millions of voters can be controlled by trotting out
               | "never hurt the market because then what will happen to
               | your investments?" whenever something interesting comes
               | along. I'm certain that the enormous subsidization of the
               | housing market and the associated treatment of housing as
               | a primary investment vehicle for those same voters is
               | related.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > Millions of voters can be controlled by trotting out
               | "never hurt the market because then what will happen to
               | your investments?" whenever something interesting comes
               | along.
               | 
               | The 401k has served as a clever trick to get large
               | numbers of laborers to support policies that mainly
               | benefit rich capitalists and to oppose many policies that
               | would help themselves.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | That is precisely my position. It is a scam; producing
               | very little value that didn't already exist for Americans
               | while enriching the owners of the 401(k) portfolios
               | beyond nearly anyone in history.
        
               | mountainofdeath wrote:
               | What you describe is mostly a political decision that
               | effectively subsidizes the mutual fund, broker and
               | financial planning markets and the broader equities (and
               | to a lesser extent, fixed income market) to the benefit
               | of...you guessed...people who already own it. Pension
               | funds invest in many of the same things everyone else
               | invests in, directly or indirectly.
               | 
               | The difference is now you have millions of amateurs with
               | small sums versus a few hundred professionally managed
               | institutions. Either way, the little guy loses.
        
       | smoovb wrote:
       | "ACH moved to same-day settlement (rather than next-day
       | settlement) in 2018" Thailand, and most of Asia has had instant
       | transactions and no concept of over draft fees. And since 2017,
       | nearly all bank to bank transactions are free, and irreversible*.
       | So why is the US behind?
       | 
       | Seems one of the biggest hurdles for US banking are the guard
       | rails on financial products. The ability to pull back funds and
       | reverse transactions creates the excess fat that keeps banking
       | expensive and processes slow. 'Get paid, stay paid' as seen in
       | blockchain, resolves this.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > nearly all bank to bank transactions are free, and
         | irreversible ... 'Get paid, stay paid' as seen in blockchain
         | 
         | A key difference here is that if you screw up your payment in
         | Thailand, you have legal recourse to reclaim your funds. If I
         | fat-finger my rent to the wrong Khun Somchai, and he thinks he
         | wants to keep it, I can use the legal system to get the money
         | back from him (and he knows that), and what's more I know full
         | well that his bank will know who he is and where he lives.
         | 
         | If I send money to the wrong Bitcoin address, nobody can help
         | me with that.
        
           | Kranar wrote:
           | This is simply false. Legal recourse is always available,
           | whether sending money using Bitcoin, or any means whatsoever
           | (by mail, by dropping a suitcase full of cash). Your legal
           | rights don't vanish just because you used one medium over
           | another.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | No they're right. How would you have legal recourse against
             | someone you don't even know?
             | 
             | Bitcoin addresses are anonymous. Sending to the wrong
             | address is not sending to a wrong KYC bank account. There
             | are no mechanisms in place to rectify that with Bitcoin,
             | which is a bug, not a feature.
        
               | knownjorbist wrote:
               | Bitcoin addresses are pseudonymous. There are ways to
               | make transactions safer for all parties involved such as
               | escrow and social recovery.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | Yes, which means Bitcoin addresses are anonymous as far
               | as this conversation about disputes is considered. It's
               | even being generous considering the probability that it
               | could accidentally go to a dead address and be lost
               | forever.
               | 
               | Third party escrow isn't unique to bitcoin, and on top of
               | not being competitive can be painful.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > A key difference here is that if you screw up your payment
           | in Thailand, you have legal recourse to reclaim your funds.
           | 
           | The legal systems are pretty important pieces of technology
           | that solve real practical problems.
           | 
           | > If I send money to the wrong Bitcoin address, nobody can
           | help me with that.
           | 
           | Bitcoin is a bit like introducing an electric car without
           | seats, seatbelts, or a windshield. Sure there's some
           | innovative bits there, but the hype forgets it's missing very
           | important features. It's even more astounding that the hype
           | men sometimes try to spin the lack of those features into a
           | selling point.
        
         | pcwalton wrote:
         | > The ability to pull back funds and reverse transactions
         | creates the excess fat that keeps banking expensive and
         | processes slow.
         | 
         | For the victims of, say, Madoff, the ability for the
         | authorities to intervene was very much not "excess fat".
        
           | smoovb wrote:
           | This is just the "think of the children" argument.
           | 
           | Think of credit card fraud and the $25 billion lost to it
           | every year(half a Madoff). Then countless start ups,
           | engineers and customer service employees that all deal with
           | the excess fat of correctly routing payments. All these
           | resources to put guard rails on a flawed process, funded by
           | the 3% skim off the top.
           | 
           | Blockchain for finance demands high user accountability, a
           | refreshing change for anyone who's been on the other end of a
           | reversed payment.
        
       | Insanity wrote:
       | Moving to Canada from Belgium, one of the most frustrating things
       | is the banking ecosystem. It feels so far behind on what I'm used
       | to, from the banking apps to transferring money to having had to
       | use actual _cheques_ to rent a condo.
       | 
       | EDIT: Like paper cheques, I didn't have to use those in my 30
       | years in Belgium prior.
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | > Free-as-in-beer banking
       | 
       | If you think your banking is free just because you don't
       | explicitly pay for your credit card or your checking account you
       | are seriously deluded.
       | 
       | Banks have injected themselves into the stream of payments for
       | goods and services and are now getting cut of almost every your
       | transaction. They have architected entire process very cleverly
       | so that you, the consumer, do not need to be aware of the amount
       | of money you are paying and the merchant, service provider has no
       | way to protest.
       | 
       | It makes sense for them to reduce the visible part of the cost to
       | 0 just to get you lulled into sense of everything being free.
       | Banks _want_ you to think so. Most people are inept at how banks
       | are making money and for banks this is how they like it to stay.
       | 
       | In reality, you pay hefty tax on every purchase you make with a
       | credit card which is costing you way more than you would accept
       | if that sum was to be paid in monthly installments.
       | 
       | I have been working for banks and credit card companies for the
       | best part of the last two decades.
        
       | originalvichy wrote:
       | As technologically advanced as many aspects of life in the US
       | seem to look like for an outsider, I am baffled that the finance
       | overlord of the world somehow came 10-15 years late to next-gen
       | banking.
       | 
       | I went to an African un-recognized state in 2009 and people
       | already were using SMS-based mobile phone money transfers to
       | conduct daily business or send money to their contacts. I also
       | live in the Nordics.
       | 
       | If a country with an advanced national ID system and a developing
       | country with barely a government could both leap into the next
       | generation of personal finance, what took the US so long?
        
         | mattnewton wrote:
         | I think the answer is that the pain wasn't enough in the US to
         | encourage the kind of innovation you saw in Africa. The
         | marginal benefit of paying with your phone instead of card in
         | your wallet is actually pretty small for most Americans, and
         | much of it can only can be realized until you can leave your
         | wallet at home. Similarly for other innovations where the
         | incumbent was "good enough," ubiquitous, and already built.
        
         | ksdale wrote:
         | I remember reading about mPesa back in the day, and the article
         | was talking about how there wasn't really any choice but to do
         | SMS payments because there wasn't infrastructure for anything
         | else. It's next gen, but also kind of the opposite of that...
         | 
         | I'm also sure that in 2009, there was population the size of
         | the Nordics that was using mobile payments in the US, but the
         | US is a large place.
        
         | thrashh wrote:
         | It's not baffling at all to me.
         | 
         | If I built my house 20 years ago, it would be up to date as of
         | 20 years ago. Someone who builds their house today would have a
         | house up to date as of today.
         | 
         | I can update my house to be up to date now but it's going to
         | cost a lot of money on top of the money I already spent
         | building the thing. I might wait another 5 years first so I
         | have the improvements discovered in the next 5 years.
         | 
         | You can't be constantly up to date. It's too expensive. You
         | have to up to date in cycles.
        
           | andrewf wrote:
           | I watched HBO streaming on a domestic GOL flight in 2019 - a
           | Brazilian low-cost airline. I couldn't do that on the United
           | flights which took me SFO -> IAH -> GRU. I figure United
           | installed/contracted for their solution 10+ years ago. GOL
           | introduced in-air Internet in 2016:
           | https://www.zdnet.com/article/brazilian-airline-gol-
           | offers-i...
        
       | kebman wrote:
       | A whole article on financial innovation, and not one mention of
       | crypto or defi? Not even Bitcoin?
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | Crypto is not financial innovation.
        
           | ghtt75 wrote:
           | So what type of innovation is it then?
        
           | knownjorbist wrote:
           | How can any serious person with knowledge of the subject say
           | this with a straight face?
           | 
           | There are entire classes of financial instruments in use
           | today that could not exist in the tradfi ecosystem. Pretty
           | sure that's "financial innovation".
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jamesshamenski wrote:
         | The reason I stopped reading HN (looking deep into the mirror)
         | is that all the smart people here generally have a negative
         | sentiment to something that's math based. It's a head scratcher
         | but easy for me to move on after 14-ish years of being here.
        
           | pcwalton wrote:
           | None of the objections to cryptocurrency have anything to do
           | with the fact that it's "math based". Traditional money is
           | also in fact based on math.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | Making an appeal to math doesn't mean something a well
           | designed or even a competitive solution.
        
           | haskellandchill wrote:
           | It doesn't seem you are being very intellectually generous to
           | the smart people who have come to different conclusions.
           | Crypto doesn't meet my needs but I understand how someone
           | with strong views on monetary policy, government,
           | institutional trust, etc will see value there.
        
         | deepvibrations wrote:
         | So many people are still ignorant of the space, especially
         | Stripe who's business will suffer if crypto really takes off.
         | 
         | Those who say there is no innovation simply haven't looked deep
         | enough, everyday i see cool new ideas in crypto, infact today I
         | saw a 'streaming payments' service, so you can get your salary
         | streamed to you constantly as opposed to a monthly payment -
         | how cool is that?! Love all these ideas! Seems things move
         | faster in the crypto space, as people are less concerned with
         | formalities and processes. Sure this will lead to some big
         | failures, like the occasional defi hack, but it also leads to
         | brilliance in some areas, so to just say 'there's no innovation
         | in crypto' is complete ignorance imo.
        
       | OldHand2018 wrote:
       | > ACH payments historically operated on a daily or twice daily
       | batch processing, and they're (importantly) "negative confirmed."
       | This means that you do not get immediate reliable feedback that
       | an ACH transfer or withdrawal has succeeded. The association's
       | rules require financial institutions to report errors (via even
       | more batch processing) within 5 business days, and given that
       | errors are expected in the ordinary course (most commonly,
       | insufficient funds, since funds availability is not and cannot be
       | guaranteed at transaction time), businesses and banks have to
       | make decisions on what degree of risk they're willing to
       | tolerate.
       | 
       | A colleague of mine years ago told me a story about check
       | clearing in the "old days". Northern Trust in Chicago handled a
       | large percentage of check clearing for the entire US. Their back
       | office building had a heliport because they had a twice-daily
       | cargo flight from O'Hare filled with all the checks that needed
       | to get cleared. I almost feel like the batch processing was
       | because of the scheduled delivery of the physical checks to these
       | processing centers around the country.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RileyJames wrote:
       | > " Free checking wasn't free. Instead of most depositors paying
       | a predictable (and relatively small) fee for their checking
       | account, a tiny portion of the depositor base was assessed many,
       | many $25-$35 fees stochastically based on how frequently their
       | incomings and outgoings were temporarily mismatched."
       | 
       | In Australia this became illegal at some point. Maybe 10~ years
       | ago. I believe the specific regulation was something about the
       | fee must represent the cost associated. And obviously, the bank
       | doesn't actually incur any cost to reject a payment. Most
       | definitely not $35 worth.
       | 
       | But they could argue they incur some cost related to a negative
       | balance. They're lending the customer money. So CommonwealthBank
       | (CBA, major bank, and likely many others) gave everyone a $500
       | over draft on their "checking account" (colloquially not referred
       | to as "checking" in Australia).
       | 
       | So now your account didn't go negative, or reject payment.
       | Overdrawing your account was a feature, and you paid for it.
       | 
       | Having an overdraft feature was free. You were charge a fee each
       | month based on how much you used your overdraft, plus interest if
       | you carried a negative balance. 1-100 of overdraft was $9. The
       | full 500 was $27 or $35.
       | 
       | So effectively they reimplemented a very similar fee structure as
       | a product.
       | 
       | While the outcome was similar, this feels a lot less scumbagy.
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | Sort of same here in the NL, at some point over a decade ago
         | they introduced overdraft mode for your account. It was 800
         | euro initially, and now it's tied to your income somehow. It's
         | free but there's interest payment on the overdraft. And you're
         | not allowed to be in overdraft continuously for over 3 months.
         | 
         | It's always been opt-in, you have to enable it for your
         | account.
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | If financial innovation means more nickle and diming people for
       | every single transaction, I want to say NO THANK YOU.
        
         | pcwalton wrote:
         | Most of the article is specifically about how financial
         | innovation has resulted in less "nickel and diming" people for
         | transactions.
        
       | switch007 wrote:
       | > Free checking wasn't free. Instead of most depositors paying a
       | predictable (and relatively small) fee for their checking
       | account, a tiny portion of the depositor base was assessed many,
       | many $25-$35 fees stochastically based on how frequently their
       | incomings and outgoings were temporarily mismatched
       | 
       | This is a really great point which had never occurred to me.
       | 
       | Free current accounts (as we call them in the UK) are the norm.
       | We had - or still have? (I haven't kept up) obscene overdraft
       | charges too. If my memory serves me right, people paying
       | PS10-40/mo in overdraft charges wasn't uncommon. I feel our
       | situation is/was even worse because free accounts were the norm.
       | 
       | When paid accounts did get introduced, but they came bundled with
       | things like extra interest, insurance etc, so you kind of broke
       | even (not so much now).
        
       | andremendes wrote:
       | Same-day settlement is cool but how about instant transfer
       | between different banks? Brazilian Pix has it for almost a year.
        
       | truculent wrote:
       | Can you call it innovation when much of the world has had it for
       | some time? Good, no doubt, but innovative?
        
         | smoovb wrote:
         | A more accurate headline would have been: "American legacy
         | financial institution innovation is actually happening"
        
       | quacked wrote:
       | Wow, it's a patio11 thread with only 8 comments.
       | 
       | I'm close friends with a relative of yours who has worked for
       | several major space companies, and we talk about your writing
       | pretty frequently. Your articles on salary negotiation, life in
       | Japan, and how to build side projects have proven extremely
       | consequential for both of us--thank you so much for putting your
       | thoughts down as frequently as you do.
       | 
       | Do you think dramatically increasing the speed and lowering the
       | cost at which people can participate in financial transactions
       | (as appears to be the mission of Stripe and the overall theme of
       | your post) will have any effect on the current astronomical
       | prices of small-scale international shipping? The costs involved
       | in international financial transactions and international
       | shipping for small customers seem to be closely coupled, but I'm
       | not entirely sure how.
        
         | patio11 wrote:
         | Wow, small world. (Give M my regards?)
         | 
         | Logistics like international shipping are both a financial
         | infra problem and an infra infra problem. I do think that the
         | cost of small-scale shipping is going to come down to approach
         | the ratable cost of volume in a shipping container (which, as
         | you are aware, it is orders of magnitude higher than now),
         | which will likely come from improvements primarily on the infra
         | infra side.
         | 
         | Two companies to keep an eye on in this stack are Flexport and
         | Shippo, among others.
        
           | quacked wrote:
           | Will do, and thanks for the leads.
        
       | fleddr wrote:
       | More like fixing the basics of banking that are decades overdue.
        
       | downWidOutaFite wrote:
       | This praise of financial innovation absent regulation is
       | ridiculous. These are changes on the margins after decades of
       | borderline criminal anti-consumer behavior.
       | 
       | You want innovation? Regulation mandating open APIs among all the
       | banks would be unleash an innovation tsunami. Don't believe the
       | propaganda, regulation is essential for competition and
       | innovation.
        
         | ghtt75 wrote:
         | There's a ton of interoperability and public API access in the
         | cryptocurrency world. All of it was achieved without mandates.
         | 
         | How can you argue that regulation is essential for competition
         | and innovation despite such a clear counter-example?
        
       | mr_luc wrote:
       | (Man I've liked these first couple of articles).
       | 
       | I see a few comments saying "this is stuff the rest of the world
       | has had for a while now."
       | 
       | That's probably true to some extent. But it undersells the value
       | being reported on, because the US market is a valuable one.
       | 
       | 'Surprise! The richest, biggest economy in the world had
       | banking/financial systems that were inefficient in X, believe it
       | or not -- but that's in the progress of being fixed, which means
       | Y is now more possible/profitable.'
        
         | ErrantX wrote:
         | I suppose the surprise is how long it has taken; here in the UK
         | banking has been free for a long time (in fact, non-free
         | banking is viewed as innovative!) and faster payments has been
         | in place for over a decade.
        
       | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
       | IMHO, The financial innovation is not happening in the tradfi
       | space. No charge checking accounts, yawn.
       | 
       | Tradfi is barely struggling to keep up with a rapidly inflating
       | fiat. The tiny interest being paid is no incentive to keep funds
       | with the traditional banks. We don't need banks to hold that
       | dirty fiat, we need digital, tradable, state-intervention and
       | censorship resistant assets we can custody and try hold on to
       | some value.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | delaaxe wrote:
         | The fact that the author doesn't seem aware that in the future
         | all of money will live on public immutable networks makes me
         | think he's either out of touch or we're still really early.
        
           | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
           | Yes, we are still early. patio11 is very aware of
           | cryptocurrency, he has rejected it for as long as he has
           | known about it.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | I mean, confidence counts for something but probably
           | insufficient to predict the future. Considering $130M just
           | walked off a defi lender today and there is no recovery
           | possible, I'd say you have a while to go.
        
             | delaaxe wrote:
             | When you think about this too much it starts to seem
             | inevitable, but I agree those types of predictions can be
             | off by multiple decades
        
       | RGamma wrote:
       | Since 1995 everyone has a basic right to possess a free basic
       | bank account in Germany (the EU?) including "partial citizens"
       | (e.g. asylees), since it's so crucial to societal participation.
       | 
       | The fact the author sells this as innovation speaks volumes about
       | the usual treatment of people deemed (near-term) useless to the
       | (US) apparatus.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-29 23:00 UTC)