[HN Gopher] Open Steno Project - Freeing stenography
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Open Steno Project - Freeing stenography
        
       Author : pabs3
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2021-10-29 05:59 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.openstenoproject.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.openstenoproject.org)
        
       | larsiusprime wrote:
       | I got into this a few years ago and it was really fun! Highly
       | recommended just for the experience itself.
        
         | telesilla wrote:
         | I've been holding off writing long form because of the strain
         | of typing and was looking into dictation but my brain forms
         | better structures better when I write. Have you noticed
         | improved physical performance with steno? I also wonder if it
         | might be easy to pick up, as a pianist.
        
           | comma_at wrote:
           | Learning a steno system is similar to learning a new spoken
           | language - it takes time, and the time it takes differs based
           | on the time you invest daily, personal experience, type of
           | study... Some have reached 100wpm in 2 months, some take 2
           | years. As a reference number - to be a certified stenographer
           | you need to pass a test with at least 225wpm with 99%
           | precision. The classes take 2 years, I think.
           | 
           | Being a pianist might be handy, but you'll still need to
           | practice a lot to see progress.
        
       | dmos62 wrote:
       | I'm new to steno. This article in their wiki is great:
       | https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/wiki/Stenography-...
       | 
       | It's essentially a chord-based, dictionary-based, short-hand
       | typing. You write by looking up entries in a custom dictionary (a
       | dictionary of syllables for example) by pressing combinations of
       | keys. The stenographer's keyboard has few keys, compared to a
       | QWERTY. You can define your dictionary however you like.
       | 
       | This must be extremely good for languages whose phonetics can be
       | directly translated to its ortographics (without semantic or
       | grammatical parsing), because then the dictionary is small and
       | easy to remember. English is not optimal in that sense: e.g. the
       | words 'flower' and 'flour' are phonetically identical. Edit: but
       | then, ML transcription would work great for those languages for
       | the same reason.
       | 
       | You could supplement with ML or some crafty NLP to effectively
       | simplify dictionaries. Autocomplete/autocorrect in other words.
       | Really cool domain.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | I knew a court reporter. She would clean up the shorthand
         | afterwards from her memory and using the audio recordings if
         | needed. Her steno had a full alphabet mode for typing things
         | that needed accuracy like people's names.
        
         | jhgb wrote:
         | > I'm new to steno. This article in their wiki is great:
         | https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/wiki/Stenography-...
         | 
         | I don't get why that page doesn't call it stenotypy (as in, on
         | a machine) instead of stenography (as in Pitman, Gregg,
         | Teeline, etc.).
         | 
         | Also, I take it that "CAT software" does not refer to computer-
         | aided translation here?
        
           | CrazyStat wrote:
           | > Also, I take it that "CAT software" does not refer to
           | computer-aided translation here?
           | 
           | Transcription instead of translation.
        
           | woodrowbarlow wrote:
           | the video on the landing page makes this claim:
           | 
           | > steno is not typing. typing is when you get one character
           | of output per one press of the keyboard; whereas in steno you
           | press multiple keys at once to make a steno outline which
           | must then go through a translation process to produce
           | readable text. this is why court reporters call the process
           | writing and not typing.
        
             | jhgb wrote:
             | Ehm... https://www.britannica.com/topic/stenotypy
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | I am guessing it's because stenographers originally did it by
           | writing shorthand, and nobody wanted to change the name of
           | their job just because started using a different tool to do
           | it.
        
       | xupybd wrote:
       | I really need to try this. I hear it'll work on the ergo dox too.
        
       | bsanr wrote:
       | More than anything, I'd like a one-handed steno scheme to become
       | available. It would be a game-changer for wearable and XR input.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, I think English language input will always be at a
       | disadvantage compared to those that use ideograms. Steno-ing
       | radicals would be ideal; one stroke per "word" without having to
       | worry about pronunciation.
       | 
       | Swype-style input is actually quite fast, but the necessity of
       | looking directly at the keyboard to ensure any measure of
       | accuracy is limiting. I wonder if force feedback to help users
       | know where on the keyboard their finger currently is, as well as
       | improved input of punctuation, might bring it up to steno's speed
       | (which would be revelatory in a world where a huge portion of
       | text input is done on mobile devices).
        
       | xkfm wrote:
       | This is fun to play around with. But, I really dislike the
       | constant dictionary modification (per person) and different
       | schools of theories. You end up having to toggle plover on and
       | off every time you have to type a word that's not in your
       | dictionary (and decide to add it or not, according to your theory
       | so you remember how to type it). This is going to happen to you
       | very frequently depending on the context you're typing in. It's
       | why court reporters spend time before and after court modifying
       | their dictionary and cleaning up their dictations.
       | 
       | Also, depending on where you learned English, you're going to
       | have a lot of "is that word really pronounced like that"
       | situations when you go to type a word the first few times.
       | 
       | To sum up my frustrations, want to type about 'foo' detailed
       | subject? You're going to have to spend time adding words to your
       | dictionary, or toggle plover off to type faster. Basically, you
       | can type about 97% of a sentence using Plover, but you'll have to
       | turn it off or slow down a lot to type that last 3%.
        
         | dmos62 wrote:
         | I've not used the tech, but maybe you could reduce some
         | languages to something lower-level than words, but higher-level
         | than letters. Like syllables. A dictionary of syllables might
         | not be useful, if it's a 2-3 letter syllable that's looked-up
         | via a 2 key chord. Dunno, that might be too simple. But I'd say
         | there's a lot of space here for something better than regular
         | stenography or QWERTY.
        
           | DavidVoid wrote:
           | Much of what steno dictionaries do is just that. Here's
           | plover's default main.json dictionary [0].
           | 
           | The ^ character in entries works like glue. So entries that
           | end with ^ attach to the next thing you write, and entries
           | that start with ^ attach to the previous thing you wrote.
           | 
           | [0] https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openstenoproject/plover
           | /ma...
        
         | DavidVoid wrote:
         | You don't necessarily need to toggle plover off to write words
         | that aren't in your dictionary. You can just fingerspell them
         | [0]. (although that's generally not as fast as typing them with
         | qwerty).
         | 
         | It's been a little while since I last touched steno now, but I
         | don't remember running into too many words that both weren't
         | already in the default plover dictionary and weren't possible
         | to easily construct with existing words.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.artofchording.com/sounds/fingerspelling.html
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | Some of the previous threads:
       | 
       | 4 months ago, 124 comments:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27602077
       | 
       | 2 years ago, 72 comments:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21473098
       | 
       | 5 years ago, 36 comments:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12771576
        
       | jeroenhd wrote:
       | Steno shows up around here every now and then and it makes me
       | more curious to try it every time it pops up. Does anyone here
       | have experience with using steno in a bilingual context?
       | 
       | I understand that chords are mapped to words through a dictionary
       | of sorts, usually based on how the words are pronounced, but I
       | expect different dictionaries to clash. I suppose it's possible
       | to manually remap the entire dictionary for conflicting words,
       | but that's a lot of work.
       | 
       | Is there an easy way to switch dictionaries/languages? Has anyone
       | tried this?
        
         | marttt wrote:
         | This topic has been occasionally raised in the Plover
         | stenography Google group [1], I highly recommend browsing the
         | threads there. I used to read this group, and I think there has
         | been several proposals for e.g. orthographic steno systems.
         | 
         | Years ago I made a quarter-assed, dreamy effort to implement
         | the Gregg [2] shorthand system in my language (Estonian) -- I
         | worked as a journalist back then, so it was supposed to serve a
         | professional need -- but unfortunately this enthusiasm faded
         | quickly.
         | 
         | I remember how inspired I felt after reading a particular
         | article about Gregg [3] for the first time, though.
         | 
         | 1: https://groups.google.com/g/ploversteno
         | 
         | 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_shorthand
         | 
         | 3:
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/yeah-...
        
         | ArchieMaclean wrote:
         | I haven't tried it, but there is a list of available
         | dictionaries in Plover format [1] including French, Spanish and
         | Italian.
         | 
         | As to switching on the fly, I can't see anything in the docs
         | about it - this extension might work? [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/wiki/List-of-
         | Avai...
         | 
         | [2] https://github.com/nsmarkop/plover_system_switcher
        
         | comma_at wrote:
         | Switching dictionaries/systems is possible and used every day
         | by people who use it with more than 1 language. Think of it as
         | switching to colemak or dvorak on your keyboard.
        
       | jore wrote:
       | can stenography be used to write code? or is it only for text
       | based on speech?
        
         | _flux wrote:
         | It can. Here's an example of using Plover (now part of the
         | openstenography project it seems):
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=711T2simRyI
         | 
         | (I know this is not the only presentation in the existence but
         | it's one that I found; there's one by the author of Plover
         | within some longer presentation about it.)
         | 
         | Honestly, doesn't seem super fast to me :-).
        
           | jore wrote:
           | thanks, it also does not look fast to me and does not seem to
           | improve the process the way it does for speech. Additionally
           | I guess there is a steep learning curve so it is definitely
           | not for everybody
        
             | keyle wrote:
             | The thing about code though is that it is succinct by
             | design and a lot of thinking goes into writing 3 lines of
             | code that will work coherently.
             | 
             | So with typing keywords fast and efficient auto-completion,
             | I doubt Steno would somehow make you a faster developer.
             | 
             | Clarity and correctness rules over speed here.
        
             | kremlin wrote:
             | considering typing time isn't even close to the most time
             | consuming part of programming, I don't think this will be
             | relevant to programmers apart from the programmers who want
             | to do it for fun
        
               | comma_at wrote:
               | https://danluu.com/productivity-velocity/
               | 
               | Docstrings, writing documentation, talking to colleagues
               | on Slack, asking questions on stackoverflow, writing
               | mails, browsing, working in the terminal. We spend a lot
               | of time writing. How much time could one save by e.g.
               | doubling the speed?
               | 
               | Another aspect is of the working memory - will it free
               | your brain's resources? Will allow writing at the speed
               | of thought allow for new/more thoughts?
               | 
               | I think we should explore these waters, and steno is a
               | solid choice.
        
               | _flux wrote:
               | I don't believe that is true.
               | 
               | While nobody can deny the fact that most of the time in
               | programming indeed is not spent writing, how about this:
               | you type slower than you can think.
               | 
               | So, when you get an idea, it's nice to be able to
               | transfer the idea to the source code, so you can then
               | move on the next idea or next part of the same one. You
               | don't want to be held back by an inferior input method or
               | a language with a lot of ceremonial about doing simple
               | stuff. This happens in short bursts, even if the total
               | time is quite short.
               | 
               | Sometime it happens so that one thinks faster than one
               | can speak. This usually leads you to get mixed up in
               | words.
               | 
               | A fast way to enter ideas is an important part of
               | developing ergnomics.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | It's not practical due to coding requiring special symbols,
         | camelCase, and you tend to not write code just going forward.
         | 
         | Steno is good for transcription or taking notes, but it's not
         | great at other things.
        
           | ArchieMaclean wrote:
           | CamelCase is built in to Plover! [1] symbols work too - they
           | might have less intuitive memorisation, but you don't use
           | that many anyway (unless you're in APL...but that doesn't
           | work with normal keyboards either).
           | 
           | You can set up Vim-like navigation e.t.c. too (e.g. [2]), for
           | moving about in code. I haven't tried it.
           | 
           | I think however that the benefits of coding with Plover
           | aren't really great enough to justify the huge struggle it
           | would be to get proficient with it.
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/wiki/Dictionar
           | y-F...
           | 
           | [2] http://www.openstenoproject.org/stenodict/dictionaries/vi
           | m_d...
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | Switching modes requires an extra chord. Movement in your
             | editor now takes chords with a bunch of keys instead of 2.
             | Steno is really flexible, but when you try to shoehorn it
             | into situations where it's not good at the average chords
             | per character typed.
        
           | comma_at wrote:
           | To balance the views, Mirabai, the person who started this
           | project, does live transcription in vim and uses it for
           | editing the notes as well. Ted, one of the lead developers,
           | uses steno daily for programming. Emily, another user and
           | plugin developer, has developed dictionaries to help with
           | symbolic input and modifiers (e.g. ctrl+shift+x). There are
           | plugins for changing case (camel, lower, snake etc.)
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | I'm not saying it's impossible, but it's just not worth
             | learning steno if you mainly do programming. It will be
             | complicated, require complicated chords, require you to
             | constantly add new words and remember what you saved them
             | as, simple chords (short cuts) like C^n turn into
             | complicated ones. It's just not that optimized for
             | programming.
        
           | laumars wrote:
           | In addition to that, I'd wager few people have long bouts of
           | thinking code faster than they can type it. The act of typing
           | is usually the easiest part of the whole process.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Stenography is inherently language-dependent, and most existing
         | steno "theories" (i.e. input systems) are tailored towards
         | natural-language text; hence one would have to design a special
         | "theory" for each programming language, and provide custom
         | steno chords (or chord sequences) for each identifier within
         | any given project. So it would involve a lot of work, but the
         | benefit could also be significant since steno seems to be a lot
         | less RSI-prone than traditional keyboard typing.
        
         | foobarbaz33 wrote:
         | Usually the "busy work" of repeated idioms in code are best
         | handled by snippets. Most IDEs, Emacs, and Vim have really
         | advanced support for snippet expansion.
         | 
         | The actual custom typing in code is pretty small in comparison.
         | A few var names that auto complete assists with anyway.
         | 
         | I'm sure there is some gains to be had with using steno on
         | code. But I'd bet there's less a return on code than with
         | English prose.
        
       | noduerme wrote:
       | I was always curious about this. My dad was a lawyer. I basically
       | learned to touch type by transcribing legal dictations. From
       | about 11 years old I used to earn my allowance by typing up
       | depositions that had been recorded in his office. My mom had an
       | electric typewriter and a tape machine with a foot pedal
       | attachment that let you play or rewind the tape with your right
       | foot. They'd pay me $2 an hour to sit and type them out.
       | Formatting was important. For me it was like a game. I was always
       | slightly jealous of the people who could use those court reporter
       | machines, and wondered how they did it. Seemed like magic.
        
         | anyfactor wrote:
         | That is exactly what want do with my future children and
         | brothers' children! Get them started earning money early by
         | having them do something worthwhile.
         | 
         | But how was your experience? How did your parents manage to
         | have you work for them? Did your siblings worked for parents
         | too?
        
         | prionassembly wrote:
         | Ever come across something unsavory in those depositions?
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | Short answer: Yes.
           | 
           | Medium answer: The whole point of many depositions is to dig
           | up unsavory information.
           | 
           | Long answer: Divulging information from depositions that
           | haven't been placed into the public record is a serious
           | breach of ethics, and may get someone into legal hot water.
           | Even asking is considered pretty uncool.
        
             | prionassembly wrote:
             | I understand the negative reactions now.
             | 
             | I was not really interested in the confidential content of
             | depositions, but rather on whether they were inadequate for
             | a child/teen to be transcribing. Boolean-valued question.
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | > Stenographers stroke chords instead of typing keys, resulting
       | in less movement and better ergonomics than typing.
       | 
       | over the years I've seen various chord-style keyboard schemes.
       | I've wondered why none have caught on - seems more logical than
       | hitting individual keys.
        
         | bsanr wrote:
         | Cheap keyboards can't "do" steno. They're unable to register
         | simultaneous keystrokes.
        
         | bsdubernerd wrote:
         | For starters, chording requires significantly more hand
         | coordination than a normal keyboard. This is a _significant_
         | show-stopper for many.
         | 
         | Think about all the people you know that still have to look at
         | the keyboard to type, that type just using one finger and one
         | hand at a time, that still hunt for common symbols. None of
         | this would work with a chording keyboard.
         | 
         | Unless you're transcribing, typing is not usually a limiting
         | factor. This is especially true for programmers. For example
         | I'm using three different keyboard layouts due to the
         | commonality of languages around here and as a result I keep
         | doing typos due to switching. I never bothered on improving
         | because it's simply not a limiting factor.
         | 
         | What's even more ironic to me, is that we would have much
         | simpler improvements to keyboards to make RSI and typing more
         | efficient with minimal impact (I'm thinking ortholinear layouts
         | - not chording!), but nobody really seems to care.
        
           | willhinsa wrote:
           | What is an ortholinear layout?
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | These: https://duckduckgo.com/?q=ortholinear&atb=v279-1__&i
             | ax=image...
             | 
             | The keys are arranged in an orthogonal grid, instead of
             | each row being offset from the ones it's next to.
        
         | bodge5000 wrote:
         | I suppose the same reason why qwerty still reigns supreme
         | despite being a purposefully inefficient layout, people know
         | it.
         | 
         | On a similar note I was talking to someone recently about touch
         | screen phone keyboards, and how compressing a qwerty keyboard
         | onto a (relative to the size of actual keyboards) tiny screen
         | with very little haptic feedback seemed like an awful idea that
         | was used early on because it was easy to understand and since
         | then we've just kind of stuck with for no reason. The person I
         | was talking to agreed, and we were thinking of ideas of how it
         | could be improved. Later I was talking to a my two brothers
         | about it, who are more a bit more normal, and neither of them
         | thought it was worth the effort at all (and they're probably
         | right), and thought it was pretty daft thing to care about.
         | 
         | Long story short, if it aint broke, don't fix it I suppose
        
           | t-3 wrote:
           | I was very pleasantly surprised to find that my muscle memory
           | for "real" QWERTY keyboards works on touch keyboards as well.
           | I know people who can "touch type" (as in, without looking)
           | on touchscreens as well. I doubt anyone would be able to
           | become so adept if the layouts were different.
        
             | emaro wrote:
             | I can recommend the typewise keyboard. The keys are
             | hexagonal and you use gestures to delete, restore and
             | uppercase letters. Therefore you have bigger keys for the
             | same amount of screen space. It's not QWERTY, but the keys
             | are in the region of their QWERTY location (i.e. not
             | something totally different like dvorak). I needed some
             | time to get used to it, but I really like it and don't want
             | to go back.
             | 
             | Edit: rephrasing for clairity
        
         | idank wrote:
         | It's pretty hard to learn a new keyboard layout on a regular
         | keyboard, let alone replace the typing experience with chords
         | (multiply this by the number of languages you use). The real
         | difficulty for me was putting in the time every day to
         | practice, while maintaining a job. You have to be pretty
         | dedicated to pull this off.
        
       | Fortnite1 wrote:
       | Kskkdkgkdkfjmmfmggmnfmm
        
       | yitchelle wrote:
       | I am wondering if other professions that uses keyboard contact a
       | lot are using this? especially wondering about novelists.
        
         | marttt wrote:
         | No keyboards, but -- Astrid Lindgren, the legendary Swedish
         | children's writer, wrote her manuscripts using the Melin
         | shorthand system. One can browse a bunch of her notebooks
         | online, side by side with a Swedish transcription [1, 2].
         | 
         | Quoting one of the linked sources: "These manuscripts have long
         | been seen as the key to new advances in research on Astrid
         | Lindgren. The explanation for why no one has taken on the task
         | is that Lindgren wrote in shorthand, given the well-established
         | view that her stenography was almost impossible to decode. When
         | we started examining the material to see whether using digital
         | methods to interpret it was feasible, we saw that manual
         | reading, too, was relatively simple if you know shorthand."
         | 
         | I got curious and found a comprehensive paper about using
         | computational tools (handwriting and image analysis) to
         | transcribe Lindgren's manuscripts [2]. Interesting stuff.
         | 
         | Oh, and I think Astrid Lindgren actually also worked as a
         | shorthand typist during a period in her life.
         | 
         | 1:
         | https://www.uppsalauniversitet.se/en/news/article/?id=14082&...
         | 
         | 2: https://omeka.ub.uu.se/scripto/s/al-koden/7/7/item
         | 
         | 3: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2816/short5.pdf
        
       | factorialboy wrote:
       | Forgive me, but is steno relevant going forward? Would recording
       | audio and NLP be more effective?
       | 
       | Genuine question, no snark.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | The technology is nowhere near a human level yet. There are
         | people who use it, but in order to aid recognition they clearly
         | repeat everything being said into a "steno-mask" for software
         | transcription: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenomask
        
         | toxicFork wrote:
         | It will be relevant, because there will be people interested in
         | typing. It is like how there are pencil artists even though we
         | can all use Photoshop.
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Speech recognition is terrible on specialised vocabulary,
         | strong accents, low quality audio, etc. You can train it, but
         | only if you have transcriptions of your audio. Steno is a good
         | way to make transcriptions.
         | 
         | I have mathematics education videos I would like subtitles for,
         | all in non-US, non-UK accents, full of specialised terminology.
         | In my tests, Amazon and Google's APIs were completely useless
         | for this, as was Dragon. If I find the time, I would like to
         | learn steno of some sort to make the subtitles and provide
         | training data for future videos.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Amazon's API fails any time someone uses a slightly less than
           | super common name. It was really depressing.
        
         | 0kl wrote:
         | For myself: how I think when I'm writing is somewhat different
         | than when I'm speaking. I still prefer writing _and_ typing
         | despite the ability to record myself.
         | 
         | I also think we're a bit of a ways off before speech-to-text
         | will work for programming...
         | 
         | Maybe what I'm looking for isn't stenography, but chorded
         | typing with the ability to break out of it when I need to.
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | Still will be a long, long time for such things to be viable in
         | a courtroom.
        
       | psiops wrote:
       | Why would I want to learn this, besides to become a professional
       | stenographer?
        
         | eloeffler wrote:
         | The crime of curiosity :)
        
           | eggy wrote:
           | That and you might get up and pass your current typing speed
           | while substantially reducing wear and tear on your hands and
           | wrists even if you don't have RSI issues. I bought the Georgi
           | keyboard [0] and I am using Plover. The Georgi can also be
           | used as a one-handed keyboard [1], and I am just getting
           | around to mapping it to augment my livecoding for music
           | setup. Some use it as a gamepad too. You always learn
           | something unexpected when you learn something new.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.gboards.ca/product/georgi
           | 
           | [1] https://qmk.fm/keyboards/georgi/
        
       | wy35 wrote:
       | I've been looking into the Uni Keyboard[0] for my foray into
       | steno! It's pretty wild how much more accessible steno has gotten
       | for hobbyists.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/stenokeyboards/the-uni
        
       | eloeffler wrote:
       | I've been doing some digging on German (type) stenography some
       | years ago. Interestingly, it seems to be rather difficult to get
       | this to work fast, in my understanding due to its grammatic
       | structure.
       | 
       | Hand written stenography is still the fastest writing system of
       | all for the German language and hand written stenography is still
       | the default for federal government sessions and in most state
       | parliaments.
       | 
       | More about German hand written stenography:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheitskurzschrift
        
       | Evilkiller wrote:
       | Thank you. https://www.infobrez.com/leave-management-software
       | https://www.infobrez.com/document-management-software
        
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       (page generated 2021-10-29 23:02 UTC)