[HN Gopher] An unexpected victory: container stacking at the por...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       An unexpected victory: container stacking at the port of Los
       Angeles
        
       Author : catbird
       Score  : 378 points
       Date   : 2021-10-28 14:52 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thezvi.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thezvi.wordpress.com)
        
       | aninteger wrote:
       | Wow. There's just no straight talk anymore... Why does everyone
       | have to dance around the issue. Just say the facts and this
       | article could have been quite a bit shorter.
        
         | datameta wrote:
         | Humans are not perfect, some of us get angry at the perception
         | of being superceded by those less experienced. Some will dig in
         | their heels and not fix the issue if it means admitting they
         | were unable to see the problem and suggest a solution.
         | 
         | So that's the beauty of how it was communicated. No blame was
         | placed on anyone, plausible deniability was given out to
         | everyone, and he pre-empted being derided as a layman who
         | doesn't know shit by pretending to accidentally discover the
         | issue. In one fell swoop so many egos were placated and a plan
         | was laid out on top of all that. No back and forth, just all
         | boxes checked and all given license to proceed forward with
         | enthusiasm and intent.
        
       | walkerbrown wrote:
       | > There was a rule in the Port of Los Angeles saying you could
       | only stack shipping containers two containers high.
       | 
       | This is not correct.
       | 
       | Next though, CA DOT should do a one time waiver and extension of
       | the 90-day BIT inspections on trailer chassis.
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | >how about we create a new port?
       | 
       | There _are_ other ports. They 're not economically viable. See
       | e.g. my old comment about the history of Prince Rupert, BC:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28871284
        
       | Alex3917 wrote:
       | Great post. I more or less assumed this is what had happened, but
       | great to see it written up.
       | 
       | On one hand, the fact that you need to go through this kind of
       | song and dance to get anything done is probably yet another good
       | indicator that America is deep into an irreversible decline. One
       | the other hand, it's great to see this kind of well-document
       | contemporaneous analysis of what good change making actually
       | entails right now, something that's not only interesting and
       | useful currently, and will surely be of interest to folks long
       | into the future.
       | 
       | Like maybe being right was never enough to get things done at any
       | point in history, but the amount of hoops you currently need to
       | jump through in addition to being right seems deeply
       | pathological.
        
       | seymore_12 wrote:
       | Article is wrong. The rule for max 2 container height stacking
       | was for areas *outside" of the port/terminal, i.e various
       | container yards hinterland.
        
       | BitLit wrote:
       | Apropos the importance of building new container shipping ports
       | in places that don't have land scarcity, traffic, and well
       | organized NIMBYs? Let me introduce you to the port of Prince
       | Rupert in northern British Columbia.
       | 
       | The port of Prince Rupert has 5 (as in "can be counted on one
       | hand") berths and transfers 1.2M containers per year.
       | 
       | The port of Long Beach has 80 (yes, eight-zero!!!) berths and
       | only transfers 8.1M containers per year.
       | 
       | Long Beach transfers 100k containers per berth per year. Prince
       | Rupert transfers 240k containers per berth per year.
        
         | mig39 wrote:
         | Prince Rupert is also physically closer to Asia (saves 2-3 days
         | of sailing time), and has very little other sea traffic. The
         | rail line is also expanding, and has very little non-port
         | traffic.
         | 
         | The port itself is protected by geography, and is one of the
         | deepest natural harbours in the world.
         | 
         | It's a neat place!
         | 
         | Well, except for being one of the rainiest cities in Canada.
         | 
         | Edit: If you're interested in this kind of thing, here's a
         | drone video I shot last year, of Prince Rupert's container
         | port: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DyG9wOWi0c
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | To me, you're raising the question of: why are ports in
           | locations like Long Beach and LA (and SF/Oakland)? They seem
           | like terrible locations for ports. There's a _lot_ of
           | coastline on the western US. Why pick places where land is
           | astronomically expensive, and transportation options aren 't
           | great?
           | 
           | One reason I can think of is availability of labor, but how
           | many people does it take to run a good-sized port? Not saying
           | we build a new port out in the middle of nowhere, but a
           | location where there is already a small- to mid-sized town
           | nearby might be suitable. And also consider that the existing
           | port locations have housing costs that are probably too high
           | for many/most port workers anyway.
           | 
           | It seems like we need more ports in the US in places similar
           | to Prince Rupert.
        
             | cwp wrote:
             | Well, to be fair, San Francisco Bay is one of the best
             | natural harbors on the West Coast, and very close to some
             | of the most productive agricultural land in the world. It's
             | a great place for a port, or it was until the NIMBYs showed
             | up. I don't know LA, but I bet it's similar.
        
             | vanattab wrote:
             | Maybe SF and LA are there because the area is a good port?
             | Cities have been built near navigatable waterways since
             | time immoral.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | The daily and seasonal temperate variations are quite low.
           | Seems like that would be good for smooth operations year
           | around.
           | 
           | https://weatherspark.com/y/298/Average-Weather-in-Prince-
           | Rup...
        
             | mig39 wrote:
             | Yes! On one hand, very little snow (and if there is snow,
             | it melts soon enough). On the other hand, no real summer,
             | either. Just rainy season, and less rainy season :-)
        
               | jetbooster wrote:
               | > Just rainy season, and less rainy season :-)
               | 
               | Calling it British Columbia certainly tracks then!
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | I wonder if the containers per berth number goes down as the
         | number of berths increases in one port because other
         | bottlenecks appear. I suspect adding more ports is actually a
         | way to maintain efficiency here, but there's probably
         | logistical challenges with that (skilled workforce, supply
         | chain support, road network & other infrastructure to handle
         | the volume, etc). There's probably also far more cost to adding
         | a port than adding a berth.
        
           | BitLit wrote:
           | Indeed. And Prince Rupert is probably an outlier since it has
           | almost everything going for it in terms of ship-to-shore
           | efficiency. With a population is ~12k, road traffic rounds to
           | zero. This also shows that a large population isn't required
           | for a large port.
           | 
           | But, more importantly Prince Rupert is well connected to the
           | CN rail network. A rail connection is key for efficient
           | intermodal shipping. And there aren't many deep water
           | harbours on the west coast with railways. Building rail or
           | road connections to new ports wouldn't be trivial.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | I've seen this kind of thing happen at companies. There is a
       | serious problem that all the lower level people know about, but
       | nobody says anything to the higher ups because nobody wants to be
       | seen as a troublemaker and potentially lose their job. Everyone
       | assumes that eventually it will become so bad that the higher ups
       | will notice. That rarely happens in my experience. Instead things
       | become bad and the solution is layoffs, reorgs, etc. In the midst
       | of the chaos we can often make the change that precipitated the
       | whole crisis without anyone becoming wiser. Rinse and repeat.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | This is where big money consultants make their money. They come
         | in and tell everyone what they already knew in a way that lets
         | everyone pretend is was magically discovered.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | To be fair, many big money consultants are very clear about
           | this.
           | 
           | Often times the goal is to simply provide information to
           | senior management that middle management isn't giving them.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | See this recent article on the thermocline of truth:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27977056
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | This is not a victory. In the area where I live containers
       | constantly fall into the ocean because shipping companies stack
       | them too high.
       | 
       | The only thing this achieves is even more garbage in the ocean.
        
       | zelienople wrote:
       | Or, and this is radical, we could just stop buying cheap Chinese-
       | made crap like inflatable Halloween decorations made from
       | petroleum products and shipped across the sea using bunker oil.
       | 
       | Or, we could pass strong right-to-repair legislation and mandate
       | 3-5 year warranties on electronics so that my 55-inch Samsung
       | curved LED TV can be fixed when it dies at 2 years and one month
       | old.
       | 
       | Or, even more radical, we could stop squeezing out consumer
       | babies and training them in our wasteful ways.
       | 
       | But no, let's keep feeding the bloated consumers of America. Let
       | the planet burn!
        
         | C19is20 wrote:
         | Buyers remorse?
        
         | fabianfabian wrote:
         | Hey take a look around in your room and find out where half of
         | the things are made, and then reflect on who these consumers
         | are you are talking about.
        
           | SSLy wrote:
           | Most of items in my room are clothes, made in EU (at least
           | that's what the labels say).
        
         | eli_gottlieb wrote:
         | Yes, I actually prefer consumer capitalism over a deliberate
         | eugenic extermination of "consoomers".
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post in the flamewar style to HN. It's not what
         | this site is for.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | ChuckMcM wrote:
       | Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is that the
       | 'stacking rule' meant that people with more empties than they
       | could stack 2 high on their property were "storing" empties on
       | _trailer chassis_ that carry one container.
       | 
       | As I understood it, by letting them stack empties higher, it
       | freed up trailers to be used by trucks to go get containers out
       | of the port. When _that_ happens the port then wants empties to
       | put back on the ship (or full if they are going somewhere) and
       | then the ship can continue on.
       | 
       | So the "win" here was that more trailers would be available to
       | take _full_ containers from ships and that would move things
       | along.
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | You're correct. The article was imprecise with its terminology.
         | 
         | Most people who aren't familiar with trucking understand a
         | tractor-trailer as a single vehicle, because that's what they
         | usually see on the road.
         | 
         | When in reality it's exactly what the phrase describes: a
         | tractor (or cab, or engine and steering and driver) + a trailer
         | (or chassis + whatever it's hauling).
         | 
         | The entire idea of modern over-the-road trucking is built on
         | the concept that one cab can pick up and haul any standard
         | chassis (leaving aside hazmat and other complexities).
         | 
         | This is what allows for optimized freight movement, as you can
         | limit the amount of time cabs are moving around without hauling
         | anything, in addition to decoupling the load/unloading of a
         | trailer (time consuming) from the driver turning around (want
         | to minimize).
         | 
         | I.e. driver arrives at warehouse with container A on chassis B,
         | parks it in a loading dock, and immediately hooks up to
         | container T, already waiting on chassis U, and heads back out.
         | 
         | The bottleneck in this case was: (1) nowhere to legally put
         | empty containers, causing (2) empty containers to stay on
         | chassis, leading to (3) no available empty chassis to unload
         | port cargo onto (containers must be loaded onto some sort of
         | chassis to be removed from a port), leading to (4) a backup and
         | full port yard, leading to (5) ports refusing to accept
         | empties, to conserve their limited yard space, leading to GOTO
         | 1.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | >Most people who aren't familiar with trucking understand a
           | tractor-trailer as a single vehicle, because that's what they
           | usually see on the road.
           | 
           | Heh, I was noticing myself that it was kind of hard to follow
           | because the domain ontology (what entities exist and how they
           | relate) wasn't make explicit (like I just did with the
           | previous parenthetical). Would have helped to know that a
           | chassis and container-free trailer are the same thing.
           | 
           | And so I kind of balked when the author said the Flexport
           | CEO:
           | 
           | >>Describes a clear physical problem that everyone can
           | understand, in simple terms that everyone can understand but
           | that don't talk down to anyone.
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | From Ryan Peterson's description, it was more that there was no
         | space left to unload full containers from ships or empties from
         | trucks to then pick up a full one from the ship. In essence
         | container grid lock.
        
           | dcow wrote:
           | Yep. Both the rx and tx buffers were full and the port was
           | dropping packets. (There were both container ships waiting to
           | offload and trucks waiting to offload full and empty
           | containers, respectively.) Now that buffer size has been
           | increased, there is more bandwidth to available to actually
           | move containers. Since the spike is temporary, the problem
           | has gone away. If we were permanently faced with more
           | containers then, yes, we'd need another port.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | Was this just caused by just a spike in demand? It seems to
             | me the pretty would only full up with empties if there is
             | some kind of imbalance between shipping and receiving,
             | right?
             | 
             | As Ryan pointed out in his Twitter thread the bottleneck
             | "should" be the cranes.
        
             | LeanderK wrote:
             | wow, i was a bit confused after reading the article but
             | your buffer analogy immediately made sense!
        
             | btown wrote:
             | By this analogy, the politician _literally_ "downloaded
             | more RAM!"
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | While it's a long-running gag, I would like to remind
               | everyone that swapping to zram is a thing on Linux (I
               | don't know whether there's an equivalent on Darwin, and I
               | think NT ships it by default), and the tech goes all the
               | way back to RAM Doubler for MacOS (or at least, that's
               | the earliest implementation that I know about). So for
               | quite a long time you kind of have been able to do
               | exactly that...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
       | Two points:
       | 
       | First, negative feedback is _good_. The problem here was a case
       | of positive feedback, which are always _bad_. This Ryan person
       | _might_ be helping in the one crisis, but he has just installed a
       | thousand new timebombs.
       | 
       | Second, the reason NYT has nothing about this is that NYT editors
       | tell its reporters to find stories that seem to illustrate what
       | the editors want said. NYT is not really interested in what is
       | actually happening; NYT has always been that way.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | If you're suggesting the NYTimes acts differently than other
         | newspapers of record (i.e. decent sources of news) I would be
         | interested in more details.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | I don't have authoritative information about how other
           | newspapers work. (By the evidence, most just transcribe press
           | releases and wire stories.) But I read an account by a
           | longtime NYT reporter describing how the NYT news office
           | works.
        
         | ksdale wrote:
         | What new timebombs do you think he has installed, for example?
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | Did you read the tweets? He implies that it is a given that
           | negative feedback is a problem, not a solution to problems.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | It seems like maybe he confused positive and negative
             | feedback? But if you think he's created a situation where
             | positive feedback is going to cause massive problems down
             | the line, I was interested in knowing specifically what you
             | had in mind.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Yes, he is confused. He has created a situation where
               | people he influences will have a negative attitude toward
               | solutions described as introducing negative feedback.
               | 
               | Somebody who cannot understand what "negative feedback"
               | means should not inspire confidence in his analysis of a
               | mature queuing problem.
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | So in short, NIMBY zoning rules caused the port to suffocate on
       | its own containers, even though it is merely a stone's throw from
       | working oil pumps and LAX.
        
       | inetknght wrote:
       | > * 14. Everyone in the port, or at least a lot of them, knew
       | this was happening.*
       | 
       | > _15. None of those people managed to do anything about the
       | rule, or even get word out about the rule. No reporters wrote up
       | news reports. No one was calling for a fix. The supply chain
       | problems kept getting worse and mostly everyone agreed not to
       | talk about it much and hope it would go away._
       | 
       | It's been my experience that nearly all of the times it's the
       | low-, and maybe mid-, -level workers who see problems. And it's
       | usually the upper end of the business or bureaucracy who end up
       | ignoring the problem.
       | 
       | And then it's also been my experience that after the problem gets
       | ignored for a while, the people who _see_ the problem also don 't
       | report later problems because they know it won't be fixed and
       | they're not empowered to fix it themselves.
       | 
       | This is a widespread problem in my eyes.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | There was an article about this phenomenon recently--the author
         | called it the "thermocline of truth".
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27977056
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > There was an article about this phenomenon recently--the
           | author called it the "thermocline of truth".
           | 
           | The author was using terminology introduced quite a while ago
           | by Bruce F. Webster:
           | https://brucefwebster.com/2008/04/15/the-wetware-crisis-
           | the-...
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | While you are not wrong, it isn't 100% true either. The problem
         | has long been recognized in various forms and solutions have
         | been developed. I did a factory tour a few years back for a
         | local major manufacture (I work for them but I won't say
         | who...), and there were signs all over "stop the line: you have
         | the power!" to remind workers when they see something wrong
         | they have the power to stop everything until it is fixed. It
         | doesn't happen often, but more than once a worker has seen a
         | part that looked "off" stopped the line and had a full
         | investigation done. Sometimes it was determined things were
         | okay, but other times the wrong alloy was used if the part had
         | gone to a customer it would have been an early failure.
         | 
         | Of course the above is only able to fix local issues. It
         | doesn't really leave any way for someone to say "we will have a
         | bottleneck here if something else goes wrong"...
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | From near the end: "My going theory on why the news isn't being
       | shared is because it is being instinctively suppressed by the
       | implicit forces that filter out such actions from the official
       | narratives. The whole scenario might give people the idea that we
       | could do things because they're helpful. It gives status to
       | someone for being helpful. It highlights our general failure to
       | do helpful things, and plausibly blames all our supply chain (and
       | also plausibly all our civilizational) problems on stupid
       | pointless rules and a failure to do obviously correct things.
       | That's not a good look for power, and doesn't help anyone's
       | narratives, so every step of the way such things get silenced."
       | 
       | No, I think the news isn't being shared because it doesn't stoke
       | fear, greed, or anger. The economics of the news causes people in
       | those industries to (consciously or subconsciously) prioritize
       | headlines which stoke fear, greed, or anger. "We solved a
       | problem" doesn't stoke any of that.
        
       | gouggoug wrote:
       | > A bureaucrat insisting that stacked containers are an eyesore,
       | causing freight to pile up because trucks are stuck sitting on
       | empty containers, thus causing a cascading failure that destroys
       | supply lines and brings down the economy. That certainly sounds
       | like something that was in an early draft of Atlas Shrugged but
       | got crossed out as too preposterous for anyone to take seriously.
       | 
       | This is a little disingenuous. From what I understand, this was a
       | rule put in place a long time ago, in a different context. The
       | ramifications of such rule under unprecedented stress weren't
       | understood or foreseen. Infinitely stacked containers would
       | probably be an eyesore to be honest.
       | 
       | Great they removed the rule, but don't forget about Chesterton's
       | fence.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > Infinitely stacked containers would probably be an eyesore to
         | be honest.
         | 
         | Also, how high of a stack of containers do you feel safe
         | working around in the next major SoCal earthquake?
        
         | YokoZar wrote:
         | Chesterton's fence is satisfied here: it asks us to know why a
         | rule was put into place so that we know we aren't missing
         | something when we change it.
         | 
         | In this case we do know the reason why: aesthetics. The side
         | effects are just greater now, so out the rule goes.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | I think the broader (meta-?)point of Chesterton's fence is
           | that our beliefs about the reason for the fence can still be
           | wrong because we lost the tacit knowledge that produced and
           | kept the fence there.
           | 
           | So even if the rule shows up in some "city aesthetic code"
           | where they wrote down "yep more than two is ugly", it may
           | very well be satisfying some other desideratum that no one
           | wrote down.
           | 
           | That's not to say _this rule_ really does have other reasons,
           | but you can 't stop at "yup that's what our records show".
           | And indeed, some of them mentioned possible safety issues
           | that arise with greater depths.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | What is the evidence that the reason is aesthetics? Other
           | posters have claimed that it is a fire department ordinance.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | What would the consequences of an earthquake be?
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | yeah, stacking boxes X levels high is not some deep thing
           | that requires philosophers to gather 'round and debate
           | Chesterton's fence for _too long_.
        
         | esturk wrote:
         | Hyperbole aside, you can only stack as high as your crane can
         | lift it which is also finite.
        
       | Nelkins wrote:
       | But did it actually help? It's not clear to me that suspending
       | the rule had the intended effect.
        
       | lftl wrote:
       | I suppose it's not fair, but I was disappointed after reading the
       | title, hoping that the article would be an assessment on whether
       | changing the container stacking rule has made a difference yet.
       | There seems to be a fair amount of skepticism that the stacking
       | rule was having a large negative impact, so I was excited to see
       | an assessment of how/if it's made any difference.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | It (helped) to solve one of the problems. Others remain, but
         | it's a good first step.
        
           | OldHand2018 wrote:
           | Did it help? That's the question. We should have enough data
           | to get preliminary results.
           | 
           | I search Google news just about every day and all I can find
           | is people patting themselves on the back for getting the rule
           | changed, but nothing about whether the rule change has made a
           | difference.
        
         | jeromegv wrote:
         | There are many problems. Many. So it's unlikely one fix is
         | going to solve a lot and make a huge dent. But those problems
         | need to be fixed one after each other as they compound on each
         | other.
        
       | mrandish wrote:
       | This was a great story to read, especially after enduring over a
       | year where so many small problems scaled into largely avoidable
       | huge harms due to well-intentioned (but poorly thought through)
       | rules being followed or created.
        
       | revel wrote:
       | This article is ridiculous. "It's so easy but nobody expected it
       | to happen!"
       | 
       | Most of freight is run off spreadsheets and over the phone or by
       | email. Flexport is built around digitization and optimization.
       | Half of the appeal of their product is that it gives customers
       | improved visibility!
       | 
       | It's therefore not surprising that a local city mayor didn't
       | realize he had the power to unclog the US traffic jam. Referring
       | to him diminutively as a bureaucrat is unfair. This guy almost
       | certainly didn't even realize he could do anything to fix the
       | problem and the fact that he resolved it in 8 hours (!) is
       | something to be celebrated, not chided.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | It is quite reasonable to make fun of people who required a 2
         | container limit for aesthetic reasons which accidentally caused
         | a major kink in the global supply chain. It was also inarguably
         | effective to publicly shame them into reversing their decision.
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | If the limit had always been 6 instead of 2, wouldn't we have
           | (1) smaller truck yards, and (2) the same problem with no
           | easy solution?
        
             | revel wrote:
             | You can go to any port town in the US and you will see
             | containers stacked up like tiny towns. The equipment to
             | move the containers is usually the bottleneck not the yard
             | space.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | I may be going against the grain here, but making fun of
           | people and/or publicly shaming them, while it may temporarily
           | make you feel better, tends to be counterproductive in the
           | end.
        
           | gorbachev wrote:
           | Do you think the current mayor had anything to do with
           | enacting the regulation to limit the stacking height?
        
         | ramblenode wrote:
         | > Referring to him diminutively as a bureaucrat is unfair. This
         | guy almost certainly didn't even realize he could do anything
         | to fix the problem...
         | 
         | That's kind of the heart of the perennial frustration with
         | bureaucracy: it's nobody's fault, so nothing gets done.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | Has a causal relationship between the Flexport analysis and
         | Garcia's order been established?
        
           | jlkuester7 wrote:
           | I mean sure without confirmation from Garcia there is no
           | "proof" that the Flexport tweets influenced his decision. But
           | it seems like a reasonable conclusion given that both the
           | problem and Garcia's power to implement the fix existed
           | together for a long time, but he only acted (8hrs) after the
           | Flexport tweets when viral....
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | The timeline seems so short, it makes me suspect. I would
             | hope that the Mayors office would do some form of diligence
             | before making the order.
             | 
             | 8 hours just seems really fast for Tweet> Mayor notices >
             | Expert review > Draft proposal > Order signed.
             | 
             | It seems at least as likely to me that the timing is a
             | coincidence or ,more cynically, Flexport knew the stacking
             | was under review.
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | You appear to assume that the problem described is the problem
         | faced. I bet we don't get a nice neat story about how changing
         | stacking rules didn't actually solve the problem, and after a
         | short time made it worse.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | I completely agree. It is just too soon to tell. Moreover,
           | this stacking rule won't change the port; it will change
           | things in the City of Long Beach.
           | 
           | I don't think it will make matters worse but I won't be
           | surprised if it doesn't actually solve the problem. It just
           | seems like a cheap+fast attempt at a solution which is good.
           | 
           | There's a lot of narrative that's going into this discussion,
           | an heroic visionary CEO, a bumbling politician. In fact, the
           | mayor made the change as soon as it was brought up.
           | 
           | But I really like Petersen's thread:                 What
           | caused all the supply chain bottlenecks? Modern finance with
           | its obsession with "Return on Equity."
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1453753924960219145
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | At least, they will have a lot of yards with empty
             | containers stacked five high, when LB doesn't want that.
             | 
             | Then, once the yards are stacked high, if the inflow and
             | outflow rate still do not match, the problem will remain,
             | just with a lot of higher stacks.
        
           | revel wrote:
           | I would love to hear why you think this won't help
        
             | CalChris wrote:
             | Because that two high rule doesn't apply to the port. Take
             | a look at this photo.
             | 
             | https://polb.com/
             | 
             | The port is already stacking five high. The two high rule
             | is for outlying yards. Basically, it will help if it helps.
             | We just don't know yet, but it seems like a really
             | good+cheap idea.
        
         | defen wrote:
         | > This guy almost certainly didn't even realize he could do
         | anything to fix the problem
         | 
         | Isn't that alone an indictment of him or his organization
         | (which, by extension, is an indictment of him)? Why did no one
         | on his team tell him about the container backlog? If they did,
         | why did they not suggest that he allow containers to be stacked
         | higher? This isn't a new problem, it's been going on since at
         | least March if not earlier.
        
           | revel wrote:
           | This kind of cross-cutting issue is very challenging for even
           | the best run organizations to deal with. Local government is
           | not equipped to randomly start calling in experts and
           | directing large scale projects because we, collectively, have
           | chosen not to fund and structure our government in a way that
           | allows them to do so.
           | 
           | Also consider for a minute how blindingly obvious it is, in
           | retrospect, to know that containers can -- and should -- be
           | stacked 3+ high vs. how hard it is to walk into a field of
           | 2-stacks and know that they're being stacked inefficiently.
           | Part of the challenge is informational: those that see the
           | problem see it so obviously that they assume that there's a
           | reason why the problem can't be fixed. Those that can't see
           | the problem don't even realize there is a problem!
        
             | defen wrote:
             | > This kind of cross-cutting issue is very challenging for
             | even the best run organizations to deal with
             | 
             | Do you specifically mean local governments here when you
             | say organizations? If he were the CEO of Long Beach, Inc,
             | and you were a shareholder, would you consider any of this
             | to be reasonable?
             | 
             | > Also consider for a minute how blindingly obvious it is,
             | in retrospect, to know that containers can -- and should --
             | be stacked 3+ high
             | 
             | I don't believe that the mayor of Long Beach has never seen
             | a fully-loaded container ship. A good first question might
             | be "Why can we stack them 9-high on a ship that traverses
             | the Pacific ocean but only 2-high on land"?
        
         | whateveracct wrote:
         | > Referring to him diminutively as a bureaucrat is unfair.
         | 
         | HNers have pretty much no understanding or respect for what it
         | means to realistically be in public service. They treat the
         | realities as unfortunate errors ripe for optimization.
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | You should look up the word bureaucrat. It was used correctly
           | in the article.
        
             | iudqnolq wrote:
             | A mayor isn't a bureaucrat by most definitions.
             | 
             | Webster:
             | 
             | Bureaucrat: A member of a bureaucracy
             | 
             | Bureaucracy: a large group of people who are involved in
             | running a government but who are not elected
             | 
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bureaucracy
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | Your definition from websters is called "the essential
               | meaning" and is literally not the dictionary definition.
               | It is very similar to using definitions from what google
               | returns at the top of a search page - kind of useful but
               | not the same as the definition of the word.
               | 
               | Look below that in the next section. There you will find
               | the definition of bureaucracy. That section is called
               | "Full Definition of bureaucracy"                 1a: a
               | body of nonelected government officials       b: an
               | administrative policy-making group       2: government
               | characterized by specialization of functions,
               | adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority
               | 3: a system of administration marked by officialism, red
               | tape, and proliferation
        
           | ksdale wrote:
           | I don't think this is unique to HNers talking about
           | government, the reverse is also true, with many government
           | officials assuming that most businesses are awash in cash
           | that they can use to solve any problem (true of many
           | businesses to be sure, but in the same way that government
           | officials are scoring own goals, sometimes, not universally).
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | > realities as unfortunate errors ripe for optimization
           | 
           | Yes, it is a deeply optimistic and progressive worldview.
           | It's a real shame people don't respect the unimprovable world
           | as it really is.
        
             | whateveracct wrote:
             | Never said that - I'm mostly commenting on how glib the
             | commentary is. Not saying there isn't room for improvement
             | or optimism.
        
         | saas_sam wrote:
         | Flexport's technology had nothing to do with this, though. The
         | CEO literally took a boat ride around the bay and looked at
         | what was happening + talked to some people. He did the thing
         | everyone assumes public officials do, but who clearly are not
         | doing.
        
           | erlapso wrote:
           | But the CEO has a different level of understanding of
           | logistics compared to the major. They may be looking at the
           | same port, but they see different things. The CEO saw
           | bottlenecks like Neo sees the Matrix
        
             | CalChris wrote:
             | Ryan Petersen is a smart guy with a good perspective but he
             | started Flexport in 2013. He didn't go to Cal Maritime; he
             | went to Berkeley. He doesn't have a deck license or even a
             | CDL; he was a member of Cal Sailing.
             | 
             | He is however smart and smart is good. Time will tell
             | whether his suggestion was a major factor or just a good
             | idea.
             | 
             | I like his Twitter thread:                 What caused all
             | the supply chain bottlenecks? Modern finance with its
             | obsession with "Return on Equity."
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1453753924960219145
        
             | kaesar14 wrote:
             | Why doesn't the mayor of a city with one of America's most
             | important ports call in experts like this the second
             | trouble started? It was this easy and he never bothered to
             | ask the experts?
        
               | amznthrwaway wrote:
               | Why didn't private industry work to solve the problem
               | that they created?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Why doesn't the mayor of a city with one of America's
               | most important ports call in experts like this the second
               | trouble started?
               | 
               | (1) Because the Mayor of Long Beach is a _primus inter
               | pares_ legislator; as is the common for cities in
               | California, Long Beach is a Council-Manager system, the
               | chief executive is the appointed City Manager.
               | 
               | (2) But, anyhow, under the City Charter (basically, its
               | Constitution) the harbor is actually governee by the
               | Harbor Commission, anyway, which (like the city itself)
               | also has appointed chief executive (the Executive
               | Director),
               | 
               | So, the question should probably be "Why didn't the
               | Executive Director of the Harbor Commission call in a
               | experts like this..." (or, why aren't the members and
               | Executive Director of the Harbor Commission experts like
               | this in the first place.)
        
               | gota wrote:
               | This is inching close to the conclusion that mandatory
               | expert panels are required for government to function.
               | 
               | But then you go back to the problem of "who determines
               | who are the experts". Point in case, the anti-vaccine
               | politicians dredge up the 1 out of a 1000 doctors that
               | spouts whatever fits their narrative. Lots o people die
               | gasping for air unnecessarily as a result...
               | 
               | And we have no idea how to begin to solve that problem
               | while keeping a functional democracy, it seems
               | 
               | Sorry to bring in vaccines into the topic - it's just the
               | clear parallel between these situations that I wanted to
               | draw on.
               | 
               | Experts are what you want them to be
        
               | tomc1985 wrote:
               | Huh? Calling up your local shipping exec for a meeting is
               | most definitely not forming "expert panels"
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Yes, it is. And can also result in decisions that benefit
               | your local shipping exec over any other considerations.
               | Informality in cases like this is just another way to say
               | "completely avoids oversight. "
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | It might me. If they are just called at random things are
               | fine. However if you do a little work you can figure out
               | who will support whatever position you want.
               | 
               | A few months ago I listened to one "expert panel" called
               | before congress about high speed trail. Most of the
               | people didn't have any useful expertise on the subject.
               | There was the union rep who considered anything good so
               | long as it makes jobs - if they could dig and refill the
               | same hole all day that would be good). There was the you
               | are not listening to NIMBYs enough - without any
               | acknowledgement on how much NIMBYs had been listened to.
               | There were several people who define HSR so slow that
               | Amtrak meets it.
               | 
               | I believe the above is typical of congressional hearings,
               | though I don't have 4 hours to sit through them on a
               | regular basis. (I had a lot of long compiling tasks to do
               | that day)
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | Because in this case the "solution" doesn't solve the
               | rest of the problem: that their aren't enough truckers
               | _or locomotives_ to haul the cargo inward to their
               | domestic destinations due to the unprecedented demand for
               | shipped goods, which is _why_ containers were piling up
               | in the port in the first place.
               | 
               | This just solves the problem of allowing slightly more
               | ships to offload their cargo before they run out of space
               | again. But as there are 100+ ships currently waiting to
               | offload, this expanded "buffer" still isn't big enough.
               | 
               | EDIT: left out of the one-sided linked article: the city
               | of Long Beach had been planning to waive the stacking
               | requirements for a while _prior_ to the Flexport CEO
               | going on his rant due to pressure from the White House
               | dating back to this summer. Container storage near (not
               | in) the ports actually falls into 3 separate
               | jurisdictions: the ports of LA and Long Beach, and the
               | cities of Long Beach, LA, and Wilmington, and required
               | coordination between all these agencies, coordination
               | with the logistics companies operating at the ports, and
               | coordination with the domestic shipping companies that
               | would be moving containers out of the container storage
               | areas (via truck or train).
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | Because incompetence is everywhere. I think most people
               | assume that high level positions are filled by people who
               | know what they're doing, but my experience has shown that
               | to be an incorrect assumption time and time again.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | It's not a requirement that high level people know what
               | they're doing: in fact, I'd go so far as to say that's
               | impossible.
               | 
               | What _is_ a requirement (when you 're a high level
               | person) is ensuring people under you know what they're
               | doing.
               | 
               | It feels like we have far too little of _that_ in our
               | culture.
               | 
               | It doesn't take a rocket scientist to do enough research
               | to understand if the person who's advising you on rocket
               | science knows what they're about. It takes a good reading
               | list, some time, and effort.
               | 
               | And yet far too many manager+ just... don't.
               | 
               | Which allows frauds to persist on teams, and ultimately
               | breaks things when they're asked to advise or implement
               | things they're unqualified to do.
               | 
               | Every good company I've worked at expected its managers
               | and advisors to get up to speed ASAP on (insert new thing
               | they're working on). Every bad company had a culture that
               | that wasn't a manager or advisor's job, and it was
               | sufficient to repackage the words of direct reports.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | What interaction does the mayor (or the administration)
               | of a city normally have with the ports? I mean, beyond
               | keeping an eye on the wear to road surfaces of port
               | traffic.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > Why doesn't the mayor of a city with one of America's
               | most important ports call in experts like this the second
               | trouble started? It was this easy and he never bothered
               | to ask the experts?
               | 
               | Because we pay our politicians terribly low compared to
               | other leadership positions.
               | 
               | Our best leaders have gone to Facebook / Google to make
               | better ads. It makes no sense for a 18-year-old going
               | into college to study political theory and become a mayor
               | by 30 or so.
               | 
               | Our political system is broken because there's no
               | incentives to get good leaders into our political system.
               | There's far more leadership positions available in
               | private industry, and they all pay maybe 500% higher.
               | 
               | Remember: Senators are only paid like $180,000/year. Most
               | other positions are paid much much less. In contrast, you
               | can easily get $250k+/year as a VP for... well... pretty
               | much anyone else. (Exxon, Facebook, Microsoft). Reach
               | "3-letter" positions (CEO, CFO, CIO) at FANNGs and you're
               | upwards of $1MM/year.
               | 
               | --------
               | 
               | Bonus points: a typical VP at Microsoft probably doesn't
               | have to worry about legitimate death threats /
               | assassination attempts like our politicians do. Its a
               | quieter, safer, easier life. You put your family through
               | hell, the media hound you and try to dig up dirt on you
               | constantly. Etc. etc.
               | 
               | Does anyone here actually want to be a politician? Or
               | would you rather continue your path in Engineering /
               | programming / whatever you're doing right now? I'm not
               | necessarily saying Hacker News is the "best and
               | brightest", but... a lot of us are at least _trying_ to
               | be the best-and-brightest in our selective fields. How
               | many of us actually think about going into politics?
        
               | ccn0p wrote:
               | This. But it's not like politicians aren't intelligent
               | and ambitious, so many of them look to earn money in
               | other ways, ie the stock market, which gets dangerously
               | close to conflicts of interest because they are, by
               | design, there to regulate industry.
        
               | amznthrwaway wrote:
               | You're at (or very near) a million a year at the Director
               | level in FAANG.
               | 
               | My lowest paid manager makes $250k.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | $180K puts you well within the top 20% in income. pay is
               | not the problem. in fact, trying to solve politician
               | quality by increasing pay would likely worsen the problem
               | by misaligning incentives even more. also the assumption
               | that the best and the brightest are managers at tech
               | companies is amusingly naive.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | The first section of the blog post goes to great lengths to
           | say "oh this is actually something he figured out after
           | extensive research, and he's making his advice seem more
           | credible by framing it as 'aw shucks I just noticed this on a
           | quick boat trip where I heard [what is actually his own
           | understanding] from Legit Experts It's Okay To Trust' and
           | thus reduce popular resistance to considering it".
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure the CEO knew beforehand and crafted a
           | narrative.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | Why is everyone "suspecting" this? The blog post starts by
             | laying out that that was exactly what he did (knew
             | beforehand and put it into a plausible but made-up
             | narrative).
             | 
             | See my other comment:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29032229
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | I'm with you. He impressed me until the list.
             | 
             | Stacking containers and finding more storage space is
             | smart, but I think he also went pretty far outside his
             | knowledge domain when he started talking about messing with
             | train logistics and mobilizing the military (other than
             | maybe using federal land/ depots for storage).
             | 
             | I don't know his background, but I do know trains are all
             | about throughput, which isn't significantly improved by
             | reducing the distance empties get hauled temporarily.
             | 
             | You can recruit all the traction you can find, but those
             | tracks have a fixed limit on outbound capacity.
             | 
             | If anything, making a line a temporary one-way long-haul
             | line would improve the throughput by getting rid of trains
             | waiting on sidages to take turns going different
             | directions. Or if dual track, run running both tracks east
             | for some blocked amount of time.
             | 
             | Pull in new engines from other lines/directions, as needed.
             | 
             | But the bigger point is the guy appears (to me) to be
             | talking out of his ass on at least half of his
             | recommendations, no matter what his title and experience.
        
             | dmingod666 wrote:
             | Better than being in a position to solve it and doing
             | nothing..
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | > ... looked at what was happening + talked to some people.
           | He did the thing everyone assumes public officials do, but
           | who clearly are not doing.
           | 
           | I've lost count of the number of times that I've been able to
           | solve what was thought to be impossible by just talking to
           | people.
        
         | dcow wrote:
         | I don't know. If it's such a problem how can the mayor not be
         | concerned, appraised, and trying to solve the problem? The
         | article says "everyone knew this was happening and didn't do
         | anything". So I'm not sure it's fair to suggest that people
         | simply didn't know and thank god Flexport with it's vested
         | interest in improving logistics took a look".
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | That is the definition of the word bureaucrat, which was
         | absolutely used in a fair manner to describe the person who
         | caused this issue.
         | 
         | Reason 4 of the cause is what you should rail against: "This
         | rule was created, and I am not making this up, because it was
         | decided that higher stacks were not sufficiently aesthetically
         | pleasing."
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | And, what do you imagine are the odds that the person charged
           | with enforcing the rule also made the rule?
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | That's not germane.
        
         | ksdale wrote:
         | *A local city mayor who also happens to have one of the busiest
         | ports in the world in his city. The back up is literally in the
         | global news. It doesn't seem unreasonable for him to, at the
         | very least, ask someone on his staff to give him a gigantic
         | list of problems at the port and spend quite a lot of time
         | figuring out which problems he had the power to solve. He
         | probably speaks at least monthly, if not weekly, with who knows
         | how many people connected with the port.
         | 
         | I agree that the fact it was changed so quickly should be
         | celebrated, but it also gives me pause to think about just how
         | many things could instantly be improved if the people with the
         | power sat up and paid attention.
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | Just because they changed behavior doesn't mean it will work.
        
         | dustintrex wrote:
         | This. As the old saw says, for every complex problem there is a
         | solution that is simple, obvious, and wrong. I mean, it's not a
         | _bad_ thing they fixed the rule, but either way it 's unlikely
         | to cause or prevent the collapse of the US economy.
         | 
         | My money is on the ports themselves being the problem. Having
         | people waiting around for hours if not days is incredibly
         | inefficient, and the Rotterdams, Singapores and Shenzhens of
         | the world do _not_ have this issue.
        
           | zitterbewegung wrote:
           | I agree with you but not only the ports it's going to be the
           | last mile of the supply chain.
           | 
           | Let's assume they unload every ship in a week or two all of
           | those trucks have to push the stuff to the right place. Maybe
           | some of them had to layoff and or furlough truckers. Those
           | truckers then get better jobs . So you still fail.
           | 
           | Also I think the deadline is gonna be Christmas .
        
         | LurkingPenguin wrote:
         | Incidentally, there was another post on HN earlier written by a
         | truck driver and he believes it's more complicated.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29022124
        
       | CalChris wrote:
       | > A bureaucrat insisting that stacked containers are an eyesore
       | 
       | No, that wasn't the case. It was a Fire Department ordinance for
       | the city and not the port. It didn't apply to the Port of Long
       | Beach itself. This is a photo from October 19th, before the
       | emergency order on October 22.
       | 
       | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/10/26/los-an...
       | 
       | Containers are stacked five high.
        
       | bhy wrote:
       | From what I heard, the real issue is the ships are not bringing
       | these containers back, because: 1. there's not so much good for
       | US to export (volume-wise); 2. shipping price is so high that to
       | save time, ships do not wait to load empty containers.
       | 
       | As long as US has a net import of containers, whatever buffer
       | created will be filled up soon.
        
         | slobiwan wrote:
         | That's the popular consensus here in LA, it's cheaper to
         | discard the containers than to ship them back empty (and nobody
         | at the receiving end wants enough of what we have to make it
         | worth sending them back full). However I drive through the port
         | area frequently and always see containers stacked well above
         | the 2-high limit. I suppose that means they are not empty
         | containers? There definitely has to be some alternate use for
         | these empty containers. People have tried to build houses with
         | them, but I think one issue preventing widescale implementation
         | of that use is that quite a few of them were originally holding
         | some kind of material that would be hostile to human
         | inhabitants. And living in a metal box in the Southern
         | California summer would not be feasible without expensive air
         | conditioning retrofits.
        
           | datameta wrote:
           | We can get pretty far with passive solutions like internal
           | and external insulation and painting the outside white.
           | Burying them halfway into the ground would also give great
           | benefits (albeit the trickier of the options) Perhaps we can
           | even cover the roof with sod where available. May only need a
           | minimal power active A/C.
        
             | oasisbob wrote:
             | The price of high quality paint, insulation, structural
             | reinforcements, and exterior drainage sounds expensive.
             | 
             | I've never messed with containers because digging yourself
             | out of the thermal hole of starting with a metal box still
             | doesn't sound worth it.
        
               | datameta wrote:
               | Structural reinforcement is unnecessary - they can be
               | stacked half a dozen high safely. A bit of back of the
               | envelope tells me the cost of paint to coat the exterior
               | of a standard 2 story suburban house is about $1500, so I
               | estimate painting a 40 foot container should be about
               | $400 max. Insulation should be about $1K. I imagine for
               | drainage a buried septic tank is the best solution here.
               | 
               | I think the cost to retrofit an otherwise sound but
               | unwanted container is less than the cost to purchase a
               | used one. That is orders of magnitude lower than the cost
               | to erect "standard" solutions to the housing problem.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | It's gonna cost more than all of that to cut holes and
               | install proper doors and windows. And after doing so now
               | you're back to maybe needing structural reinforcement
               | (those openings will require headers).
        
             | darkarmani wrote:
             | They don't have the strength to be buried. All of the
             | strength is vertical in the corners for stacking. Once you
             | cut into them for windows or more doors, you greatly reduce
             | any strength. By the time you get done modifying it, it
             | will cost more than traditional building materials.
             | 
             | (i like this dream, but it just isn't practical)
        
               | daniel_reetz wrote:
               | Another unmentioned problem is that the plywood floors
               | are saturated with carcinogenic insecticides- and not a
               | small amount. Source: I sealed floors for a container
               | reuse project.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | Make a rule that a ship is not allowed to leave with fewer
           | containers than it drops. Containers may be full or empty,
           | their choice.
        
           | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
           | I read recently that there's such a great demand for
           | containers in Asia right now that empty containers which used
           | to be sent to our farms to fill with agricultural products to
           | sell in Asia are instead being sent back empty. Maybe the
           | consensus is outdated?
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Agriculture has been aware of this for a while. It is more
             | complex than that. Loaded containers need to consider
             | balance of this ship, and grain is typically denser/heavier
             | than what came over (most goods come over with a lot of
             | air), so ships need to be carefully loaded, while only
             | empty containers are easier to load because it is easier to
             | balance the ship.
             | 
             | Making the above worse, even though containers are worth
             | more in Asia, and containers of grain are worth a lot: to
             | ship owners they get paid more for the Asia to US trip than
             | the return trip, a ship that leaves the US unloaded (taking
             | on ballast while unloading) and rushes back to Asia makes
             | more money at the end of the year than a ship that waits
             | around in LA to be reloaded with containers.
        
               | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
               | No wonder companies that aim to optimize/disrupt shipping
               | are hiring so many ML engineers!
               | 
               | Maybe if the containers themselves were autonomous and
               | mobile, and could optimize their own value... there's a
               | Black Mirror episode somewhere in that.
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | The limit of 2 was for off-port sites, within cities
           | themselves. The article is wrong on that point.
        
         | MauranKilom wrote:
         | I was also thinking about this after reading the original
         | thread.
         | 
         | If the port is full _and_ the trucks are full, clearly we have
         | more overall containers than before. Where did they come from?
         | And is the place they come from now _short_ on containers?
         | 
         | Those are of course separate problems. If we are accumulating
         | empty containers, you could just dump them somewhere for the
         | time being. Yes, the trucks would have to drive somewhere else
         | than the port to dump them, but that's clearly better than
         | economic standstill. And if it turns out that China is short on
         | empty containers, then we might need to work on the incentives
         | for ships to bring back the empties.
         | 
         | But unless this whole clogging was caused by a very temporary
         | spike in container throughput, increasing buffer capacity will
         | only alleviate the problem for so long.
        
       | zz865 wrote:
       | It seems weird that there is no incentive to put empty containers
       | on an empty boat to China, esp when there is a shortage of
       | containers in China. Maybe the port should charge higher rent for
       | storing empty containers? There is something missing in the
       | story.
        
         | Factorium wrote:
         | Its currently taking too long to load those containers back.
         | Its cheaper to just dock, unload, sail off.
         | 
         | Short-term optimisation.
        
           | zz865 wrote:
           | Its cheaper only because container storage isn't priced
           | correctly. If the containers were charged at $HIGH_RENT/day
           | storage fee the owners would pay someone to get rid of them.
        
       | justinator wrote:
       | OK so this is essentially a self-written news story that was
       | manipulated to make it feel-good.
       | 
       | That's _bad_.
       | 
       | Also, now that I know I'm manipulated, I'm skeptical that the
       | changes will have the outcome that they want. It _could_ but it
       | 's not good that you've told me you've manipulated me.
       | 
       | That's _also bad_.
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | What do you mean by self-written?
        
           | justinator wrote:
           | They're breaking a story that didn't actually happen - the
           | article itself says that the boatride isn't the reason for
           | the policy change, it just sounds nice and marketable. They
           | also admitted that they got influential people ready to
           | retweet the story - also a marketing move.
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | Don't worry you have joined the group. It is a right of passage
         | on social networking and news sites. The next step is using
         | what you have learned .
        
         | otterley wrote:
         | If the solution proves effective, will you change your mind, or
         | will you simply remain forever outraged that you didn't like
         | how the story was told?
        
           | justinator wrote:
           | Well, we can talk about dropping atomic bombs on Japan during
           | WWII if you want. The discussion isn't going to be a very
           | simple one.
        
             | Strom wrote:
             | Referencing the atomic bomb in this context is also
             | manipulation. You're trying to evoke emotion, as opposed to
             | arguing your point with boring facts.
        
             | dmingod666 wrote:
             | The Japanese were ready to surrender weeks before the bombs
             | were dropped. So it wasn't such a hard discussion really..
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Sure, and how many more weeks would they have remained
               | ready to surrender, but never had done it? We don't know.
               | We know they were beat in all but the surrender, but we
               | also know countries through out history have fought on
               | long after their loss was obvious. Japan has some
               | "interesting" internal politics going on, even if they
               | had formally surrendered it isn't clear if the military
               | would stop fighting (Army and Navy needs to be considered
               | separately).
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | Wait, what? You want to compare the deaths of hundreds of
             | thousands of civilians during wartime to a story about
             | temporarily allowing containers to be stacked a little
             | higher?
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | It's a classic example of, "do the means justify the
               | ends?" - that's what you were asking. It's a slippery
               | slope from "make a cute story on changing container
               | storage policy" to something more nefarious. So think:
               | how many times have you've been manipulated like this?
               | Are you OK with it? Where do you draw the line?
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | I think we all have much bigger problems to spend our
               | time obsessing over.
               | 
               | Besides, slippery-slope arguments are weak because
               | predictions based on precipitating events rarely pan out
               | to see our worst fears realized. As an extreme example,
               | one could get wrapped around the axle fearing that a
               | child squashing an ant in the garden could end up being
               | the next Hitler.
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | > I think we all have much bigger problems to spend our
               | time obsessing over.
               | 
               | You can hold more than one thought at a time.
               | 
               | Media manipulation is a thing, and here's an example of
               | it - they must have thought it's not a big deal, since
               | they're so callous of showing the man behind the curtain.
               | If you don't find it a problem, speak for yourself.
               | There's many, many stories of how Facebook manipulated
               | during the US election cycle. Also not worth thinking
               | about?
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | If the solution proves ineffective, will you ever read about
           | that fact anywhere?
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | While you could argue that Flexport did this for their own
         | benefit, I think the outcome is still incredibly useful to the
         | general public. Further, nobody is faking the quick turnaround
         | in removing the rule - that actually happened.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | The fact that a story is written in a way that is easy for
         | humans to understand and share is not "manipulative", it's just
         | good communication.
        
       | Seattle3503 wrote:
       | I just finished listening to the freaknomics podcast about
       | negativity in the media. Maybe this story didn't gain traction
       | because it doesn't fit the "If it bleeds, it leads" model.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | codazoda wrote:
       | This article suggests that the twitter thread about the boat ride
       | was just a story that could be told. If so, it's harmless, but
       | I'm left wondering, is it true?
        
       | johnklos wrote:
       | Simple fix: stand containers on their ends. You'd fit a heck of a
       | lot more even if you don't stack two high.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | What sort of equipment do you suppose is needed to do that?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Containers are not made to be stacked on end like that and
           | won't always support their own weight if stacked on end.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | This seems like a disaster waiting to happen. Something is
       | causing a surplus of empty containers, and allowing them to
       | expand storage for them isn't going to change the underlying
       | problem. So if the new rule to allow them 6-high is temporary,
       | the owners will stack them 6-high and then run out of room again.
       | But next time the (temporary) rule change will revert to 2-high
       | and they'll all be in violation. If they get the proposed
       | government land to "dump" them "temporarily" that will simply
       | become a huge pile of empty containers.
       | 
       | It sounds like anyone with a fancy use for empty shipping
       | containers can probably get them for "free" right now if you just
       | show up with a truck to haul them away.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | I think we can summarize that the solution is to remove things
       | that prevent the free market from functioning properly. Here are
       | some additional ideas:
       | 
       | -Unions are good for representing workers in negotiations with
       | private companies. Taxpayers do not have anyone to represent them
       | in negotiations with public unions. Disallow unions in government
       | jobs. Government already has enough corruption and inefficiency.
       | 
       | -Dismantle the patent system. Ideas are worthless, execution is
       | everything.
       | 
       | -Abolish the limited liability company. We saw in the mortgage
       | crisis that allowing private companies to profit by putting risk
       | on the public shoulders leads to disaster.
       | 
       | -Publish all tax records and make a constitutional amendment that
       | all prices paid must be public. The free market makes the basic
       | assumption that all prices paid and offered are public
       | information.
        
       | sleibrock wrote:
       | In Factorio design this is simply increasing the buffer size. If
       | the truck-loadings-per-hour don't increase then it's not going to
       | matter how large you make the buffer.
       | 
       | Adding a secondary site for putting containers also seems like
       | it's going to be a new challenge for the logistics company
       | scheduling the rides (I have a friend who deals with train cargo
       | scheduling). Truckers who are used to showing up at the port are
       | now going to have to go to a completely different site
       | altogether, and who knows how many IO issues the new site will
       | also bring in.
       | 
       | Now's the chance for logistics companies to start hiring OpenTTD
       | players.
        
         | notwedtm wrote:
         | You have idle trucks unable to increase the truck-loadings-per-
         | hour because they can't complete a single job due to the lack
         | of storage space for their empty containers.
         | 
         | Providing that storage space will allow the trucks to complete
         | their circuit.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | The increased wait time also degrades capacity permanently.
           | There was an essay by a truck driver posted here
           | yesterday[1].
           | 
           | MMy understanding: many truck drivers are owner-operators,
           | operating on extremely slim margins at the best of times (say
           | 5 pickups per day).
           | 
           | With long waits and maybe one or two pickups per day, they go
           | out of business.
           | 
           | 1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29022124
        
         | parsimo2010 wrote:
         | There were supposedly trucks that couldn't be loaded because
         | they had no place to get rid of the empty container they
         | currently had. So truck loading rate was low, not because of
         | the speed of the workers and cranes, but because of the
         | availability of the trucks. So this is supposed to allow the
         | truck loading rate to go up by making it easier for trucks to
         | become available.
         | 
         | I don't know if that will happen, but this is an increased
         | buffer size that is directly addressing a limiting factor. It
         | might help.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | I'm not sure this is a "supposedly". There were tens of
           | thousands of trucks that couldn't unload their empties
           | because empties could only be stacked 2 high for aesthetic
           | reasons. Longbeach has since amended that to 4 high doubling
           | the capacity for empties, freeing up trucks to clear unloaded
           | containers from the port. This may be enough to shift the
           | bottleneck.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | Increasing a buffer size can also make it look like the
           | problem is solved temporarily when you really have a rate
           | issue. It seems that filled containers are coming in at a
           | faster rate than empty containers are going out. We've
           | increased the buffer for empty containers at the dock but did
           | we address the outgoing rate problem?
           | 
           | Why wouldn't the buffer just fill again? I wonder if we've
           | reached a point where manufacturing a new container is more
           | economical than hauling an empty back across the ocean
           | especially if you include opportunity cost to ship actual
           | goods.
        
             | jkelleyrtp wrote:
             | The increased buffer size gives more time to solve the rate
             | issue before a catastrophic meltdown with inflationary
             | pricing, civil unrest, etc.
        
             | servercobra wrote:
             | On a long enough timeframe and nothing else changing, yes
             | it would just fill up. Realistically, it gives them
             | breathing room to get the rest of the rate up.
             | 
             | I am curious what the costs of making a new container and
             | recycling the old instead of shipping them back is. Trade
             | isn't symmetrical. I assume shipping them back is cheap
             | because otherwise the ships are going back nearly empty, so
             | it's almost free to ship them back.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | I've read anecdotes that China is making new containers
               | instead of accepting old containers. This could be
               | because buffers aren't getting them back in time or
               | because China needed a new market for steel
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Containers have a lifespan, so China has always been
               | making containers. When containers don't come back you
               | can buy a new one. Shipping them back empty is a lot
               | cheaper than buying a new one, but only if you can get
               | them shipped back. The price to ship a container back
               | empty is low enough that some ships decide it isn't worth
               | it.
        
             | groby_b wrote:
             | The buffer would (maybe) not fill again, because the
             | overflow containers were stored on chassis. The problem was
             | that we needed buffer space and converted transport to
             | buffer space - and then we didn't have enough transport, so
             | we needed more buffer space. Cue ominous feedback loop
             | music.
             | 
             | This _should_ free up transportation space, so we can
             | unload more ships, so we can load containers on them and
             | ship them back. Is it the only problem in the supply chain?
             | Probably not. Will it make things better? Definitely in the
             | short term, and probably in the long term.
             | 
             | At the very least it buys a respite to think about further
             | fixes.
        
             | anonAndOn wrote:
             | From the tweets, "containers are not fungible".
             | 
             | Cosco containers need to be returned to X, Maersk
             | containers go back to Y, etc.
             | 
             | If you can't sort and aggregate your empties efficiently,
             | you further slow down the rate of return.
        
               | aeternum wrote:
               | It's like we forgot the most fundamental goal of
               | containers: to be fungible.. containers?
        
             | smileysteve wrote:
             | Your last point is being reported. It's cheaper for the
             | Chinese to export containers (with subsidized steel) than
             | it is for shipping them back, so they're just making new
             | ones.
             | 
             | Conjecture, but policy wise, this could relate to steel
             | tariffs, decrease Chinese steel imports to the US and
             | finding the container market to allow you to keep pumping
             | money into the industry
        
               | someguydave wrote:
               | or melting every container that arrives at LA
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | No way making a new container is cheaper than shipping
               | back the old one.
        
               | anonuser123456 wrote:
               | Cheaper for who? If the state is subsidizing steel, it
               | can absolutely be cheaper for the buyer.
        
               | shepherdjerred wrote:
               | Look at this graph of freight prices:
               | https://cdn.jpmorganfunds.com/content/dam/jpm-am-
               | aem/global/...
               | 
               | It's not that it's cheaper to make new containers. It's
               | that the opportunity cost of waiting for the ship to be
               | loaded with empty containers is more expensive than
               | immediately heading back to Shanghai with an empty ship
               | so that you can make another very lucrative journey to
               | LA.
               | 
               | That's my limited understanding of the situation. I could
               | be wrong.
               | 
               | Source: https://am.jpmorgan.com/us/en/asset-
               | management/institutional... (which was posted here a few
               | weeks ago)
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | The goods waiting in Shanghai are not in freshly minted
               | containers. If they were, shipping from LA to Shanghai
               | would be much more expensive than your graph suggests,
               | because otherwise it would have been cheaper to ship one
               | from LA than buy new one in Shanghai, and so people would
               | do that instead of buying new containers.
        
               | diordiderot wrote:
               | Why?
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | This is what I understood as well. However, I still don't
           | understand how we got there in the first place. Last time I
           | asked this I just got down voted.
        
             | CoastalCoder wrote:
             | FWIW I just looked at that previous comment of yours, and
             | it's not obvious to me why it would get downvoted. You
             | might want to chalk that one up to HN voting noise.
        
         | darkerside wrote:
         | Buffer size is critical in the case of things like the credit
         | crunch that seized up the global economy back in 2008. Having
         | room to maneuver makes it possible to address long term
         | problems. Although it can also be thoughtlessly filled in
         | service of short term needs with moves that don't actually
         | provide a long term benefit.
        
         | politician wrote:
         | I mean, I also play Factorio and came away from reading the
         | article thinking that yeah, increasing the headroom in the
         | chests (aka container stacks) from 2 slots to 6 slots would
         | definitely introduce slack into the system. The short haul loop
         | to a staging and integration area would also help because it
         | allows you to re-sort the inputs to maximize pickup efficiency
         | and is also something I've done in Factorio games.
         | 
         | It might be fun to release a Port of Los Angeles savegame that
         | challenges folks to unhork the port.
        
           | cure wrote:
           | > It might be fun to release a Port of Los Angeles savegame
           | that challenges folks to unhork the port.
           | 
           | That would be awesome!
        
           | chadwittman wrote:
           | Love that game idea
        
         | MauranKilom wrote:
         | Truck-loadings-per-hour will increase, but that does not help
         | shrink the buffer if every truck picking up a container also
         | brings back an empty one.
         | 
         | Increasing the buffer size is a temporary relief, but clearly
         | the underlying problem is an ever-increasing number of
         | containers (empty or full), or we wouldn't have gotten into
         | this situation.
         | 
         | If we could dispose of the empty containers somewhere then this
         | bottleneck would cease to exist - trucks could just haul away
         | containers at max throughput. I gather that it's become harder
         | to ship back empty containers though, and presumably just
         | scrapping them is not a sound solution in the long run either.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > I gather that it's become harder to ship back empty
           | containers though, and presumably just scrapping them is not
           | a sound solution in the long run either.
           | 
           | This is not obvious to me. The same ships are going back to
           | fetch more goods, so why would they want to go empty?
           | 
           | Surely the cost of manufacturing a new container is (or
           | should be) less than the cost of putting it on an empty boat.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's time to load. An empty ship may be halfway back to
             | China to get a new (overpriced) load before a similar ship
             | is loaded with empties.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I assume a port would be designed to have a buffer of
               | empties (or filled containers) ready to load.
        
               | jaycroft wrote:
               | Does the port charge container owners for storing
               | empties? Ramp up the storage fee, and voila... empty
               | containers go back on empty boats that would otherwise
               | make the return trip with no load. Container owners will
               | find that shipping them back with a reasonable premium to
               | keep ships around long enough to pick up the empties
               | eventually costs less than storing them at the port.
               | 
               | Aside, I'd love to have an empty container on my parcel
               | out in the desert, if there's such a huge glut of
               | empties, why does one in any condition cost $10k, without
               | delivery? If anyone has a source for empty containers for
               | sale at reasonable prices, I'd love to have their contact
               | info.
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | you can find containers for $400 online, maybe even free,
               | if you have a truck to pick up..
        
               | corpdronejuly wrote:
               | I've been tempted to pay someone to pour a concrete pad
               | and buy a few to try and build a cabin on. With prices
               | that low it's worth looking at.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Do careful research. Many have done that, but the
               | negatives of containers for that purpose are rarely
               | stated.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | daveevad wrote:
             | > the cost of manufacturing a new container is (or should
             | be) less than the cost of putting it on an empty boat.
             | 
             | If you can prove that considering all externalities you
             | would win a Nobel prize in Economic Sciences.
        
           | briffle wrote:
           | Considering the price and availability of steel, i'm kind of
           | suprised nobody is trying to scrap and recycle them.
        
             | someguydave wrote:
             | Probably china uses low quality steel to make those
             | containers. But you could melt containers and they would
             | take up less space to ship back to China
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Or just make collapsible containers. Bolt the corners
               | (where all the strength is) on right and then take them
               | apart. Needs careful engineering work, but it seems like
               | it should be possible to standardize then and then
               | machines at either end can take them apart and stack into
               | a standard container dimension.
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | Scrapping containers is a terrible idea. We need reuse
             | those containers in 2 weeks. The supply chain is a loop.
             | The pipeline is just stuffed up right now and we need to
             | stash empties for a bit while we unload the ships that are
             | backed up.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | This seems to be why he suggests a place other than the port
           | to dump empties.
           | 
           | It would be better to require that the ships carry away as
           | many empties as fit aboard.
        
             | phire wrote:
             | If it's true that ships are refusing to load empties simply
             | because it's more profitable to skip the loading times,
             | then a requirement could actually fix things in the medium
             | term.
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | You could also look at it as putting down a storage chest so
         | that you can run down a belt and pick up all the items that
         | shouldn't be there, or sticking a chest next to your un-
         | barreling factory while you work out how to get a return train
         | back to the barreling factory, or putting down some fuel tanks
         | to hold light/heavy oil while you research advanced oil
         | processing (before the basic oil change).
         | 
         | I'm skeptical that this will fix the problem by itself, but it
         | buys time to observe the system in action and adjust capacity
         | on other bottlenecks to bring it back into balance.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | I'm skeptical that it will increase observability. Buffering
           | tends to hide problems, not reveal them. We know what the
           | bottleneck is (getting empty containers off a critical
           | location, as far as I understand.) Adding more empty
           | containers to this critical location will not increase our
           | ability to solve the problem, it will put off the problem
           | into the future while simultaneously making it worse.
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | Just run over all empty containers holding F
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | unreal37 wrote:
         | The trucks were acting as a buffer, if you believe the CEO of
         | Flexport. So if you increase the buffer size, then the trucks
         | can be trucks again and it's guaranteed to increase truck
         | loadings per hour.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Some talk about 'building a new port' as part of the solution.
       | I'm thinking that's a decade project and $100B or some such? PoLA
       | tried to expand for a decade and the impact statements got bogged
       | down and nothing happened if I remember right (my sister-in-law
       | was doing the math on the statements)
        
         | thrower123 wrote:
         | I'd like to think that if we declared a state of emergency,
         | suspended all regulations and deployed a couple battalions of
         | Seabees we could still build a port in a matter of months,
         | rather than years.
         | 
         | I'd like to think we still have those kinds of capabilities if
         | they were needed, but I'm increasingly not sure that we
         | actually do.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | The cement alone would take years to pour. The giant cranes
           | have to have rail to unload onto, and it has to go somewhere.
           | The computers to control it could take years to program. The
           | harbor dredging and shore upgrades could take years. And its
           | not all in parallel.
           | 
           | Maybe an off-shore port? With a floating causeway of rail? To
           | do something quickly requires some out-of-the-box thinking.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Depends on what you consider a "port" to be. Sure, a shoddy
           | good-enough-for-wartime place where ships can dock can be
           | built in a few months. Building a decent container port with
           | proper container cranes, train yards and the software to
           | integrate it all in a couple of months? That capability has
           | never existed.
        
           | _jal wrote:
           | If you can develop the political will to treat the citizens
           | of LA like we did the Iraqis in the second Gulf adventure,
           | sure.
           | 
           | Just suspend the rule of law and send in Bechtel behind a
           | bunch of guns.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | I'm not saying we should do that, but it might be
             | preferable to allowing the citizens of LA to hold the
             | entire global economy hostage because they love their
             | regulations.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | We didn't do it when it was just a union why should we do
               | it for the citizens of LA?
               | 
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/02/how-
               | onl...
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | LA county already has the two largest ports in the USA:
               | Long Beach and LA. Maybe some other region can pick up
               | the slack.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | I agree, if/when we build a new port it shouldn't be in
               | LA County or probably California at all.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | The feds wouldn't have to follow CEQA if they didn't want
             | to. The whole supremacy clause and all that.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Port of Oakland says hi.
         | 
         | Is there a reason it does not get the traffic of L.A.? Or is a
         | 3rd large port needed?
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | The primary reason is that it doesn't have the capacity of
           | Los Angeles and Long Beach. It has fewer cranes, less lot
           | space, and importantly, less rail capacity serving it.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | The Ports of LA and Long Beach (which are neighboring) are
           | the largest cargo ports in the U.S. (#1 and #2, respectively)
           | and collectively handle more than 30% of all cargo shipped to
           | the U.S. Oakland is a dismal #10 on the list, and is 1/5th
           | the size of the Port of Long Beach.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | LA is a much much larger manufacturing hub than the Bay. Land
           | is also much cheaper. Also I think the train situation is
           | better in LA.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | Yeah I'm not convinced as much by the new ports only being the
         | solution. A big part of the reason that the SF Bay area and LA
         | grew was because of the ports and the rail connections. Setting
         | up a new port in, say, the area near Pismo Beach, might have
         | slightly lower land costs, but it also has far lower value.
         | 
         | All those warehouses, importers, all the network of knowledge
         | and people and demand for imports, all the stuff that's real
         | but maybe difficult to see, that's the magic that really makes
         | a port have high value.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | some areas of coast line are naturally better for ports than
           | others. You need the land to have deep water as close to the
           | coast as you can. I don't know the geography of CA well
           | enough to comment on Pismo Beach, but I wouldn't be surprised
           | if it would be more expensive to open a port there than to
           | buy land in LA.
        
         | darkarmani wrote:
         | I think talking about the price of a new port, reveals how
         | important it is to use the existing ones efficiently.
        
       | miniatureape wrote:
       | What will people be watching to see the effect? Is there any data
       | published that would show an increase in freight behind moved
       | because of this change?
        
       | ISL wrote:
       | Government can move extremely quickly when there is universal
       | agreement. For precisely that reason, periods of universal
       | agreement rarely last long.
        
       | beastman82 wrote:
       | This is one of the most incredible victories I've ever seen.
       | Congratulations!
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | I still prefer Austerlitz and Cannae ...
        
       | conductr wrote:
       | I followed this and from my understanding the changes while
       | enacted quickly are still only temporary (rollback in 120 days).
       | If that's the case, I'd like "them" to think about how this
       | situation could have been avoided all together. I can't help but
       | thinking about how all the Asian markets were having similar log
       | jams due to economies reopening and the Suez issue months ago.
       | Surely it was known (or, could have been known) that that log jam
       | was tsunami wave heading to LA?
       | 
       | I'm not sure if stacking 5-6 high is a long term solution. It
       | works now, because it's only at 2 high and the buffer is
       | available. But if they were at 5-6 high under normal
       | circumstances when this tsunami wave hit we'd be talking about
       | letting them go 8-9 high? Maybe limit them to 2 high but allow
       | them to file a temporary permit to go to X high with
       | justification... something along those lines, so it is a rather
       | accessible flex up and down and it doesn't require extreme levels
       | of non-local politics to accomplish.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | The problem is "them" in this case is the mayor of Long Beach.
         | The people he worries about are the voters in Long Beach, who
         | probably (given what we know about California...) complain very
         | loudly about having to see container stacks. He has no
         | incentive to care about things that the cities voters don't
         | care about directly like... the global economy. I have to
         | wonder if he got a very angry call from the White House telling
         | him he'd better issue a suspension or he'd suddenly lose
         | various federal funds.
         | 
         | The hyperlocalization of things like this in the US are the
         | source of a lot of our problems IMO. We get stuck in local
         | maxima that actually add up to terrible inefficiencies on the
         | whole.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | IDK if I'd blame one office or especially the one person
           | currently sitting in that office. This is a (hopefully)
           | extremely rare condition that wasn't seen coming. As we get
           | back to business as usual, I think LB should keep it 2 high
           | if that's what worked and what their residents want. But
           | there needs to be a variable component, temporary permits are
           | common and existing concept. I don't know anything about LB
           | local govt but where I'm from the city council as a whole
           | could vote this in. A state/federal level could force them to
           | if that's what it takes. So I'd say "them" is >1.
           | 
           | Something similar in concept, when evacuating a hurricane
           | inbound lanes can be turned into outbound lanes and double
           | the buffer. Of course the citizens of coastal cities don't
           | want outbound lanes only at all times. This is for extreme
           | situations (skimming but I think this is valid ref:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraflow_lane_reversal)
        
         | ciphol wrote:
         | What exactly is the problem with 8-9 high, or 20 high, or
         | whatever the technical limit is? The land belongs to the port
         | owners, why should anyone else be able to restrict how they
         | stack containers?
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | 1. LB residents don't want that, and limit of 2 has worked
           | until now. Height restrictions are nearly universal in the US
           | and this is not a California/Long Beach specific problem.
           | Sure you can argue there the balance is too lopsided and
           | limit of 2 is too restrictive for industry. I tend to believe
           | a port town is an industrial town. If you live there, you
           | should expect to see the industrial side. I grew up in
           | Houston and would never live near the port/oil refinery areas
           | because of that eyesore (completely subjective personal
           | opinion). Unless maybe my profession was tied to it, at which
           | point it probably doesn't bother me.
           | 
           | 2. What if it was stacked up to LIMIT and a wave of
           | containers come again? The point is to reserve a buffer. I'm
           | rather agnostic on the numbers use variables if you like;
           | Normal limit X, buffer size Y, X+Y is what you can get a
           | temporary permit for, Z is technical limit and this math is a
           | test X+Y <= Z
        
             | ciphol wrote:
             | Again, why should one LB resident get to decide what
             | another LB business does? Just because this sort of
             | restriction is common doesn't mean it's right.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | Ok but that that's a complete fork for the conversation.
               | You're talking in terms of a philosophical land
               | usage/property right debate; I see your point. I might
               | not completely agree with it, but I see it. However, I'm
               | not trying to have a philosophical debate. I'm talking
               | about real terms of the world we live in today where it's
               | highly unlikely anyone is going to be able to scrap all
               | the existing rules, laws, norms, etc and come up with
               | some new construct.
               | 
               | I am unaware of any place where neighboring property
               | owners are not considered when contemplating what a
               | property owner is allowed to do. You're saying the
               | property owner shouldn't be regulated at all, which is
               | fine except you're not the decision maker and other
               | people will disagree with you. The net effect is what we
               | have now. It's not perfect, some people will always
               | disagree but the idea is it works for most people most of
               | the time.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | I take it you would be fine with a hog feedlot moving in
               | next to you?
               | 
               | (I grew up in the vicinity of cattle feedlots---they're
               | nasty. Industrial chicken coops are worse. But hogs are a
               | whole different order of magnitude of stank.)
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | There is also fire and earthquake risk.
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | This was the first of five or six steps recommended by the
         | Flexport CEO. I don't know if they would all 'work' in concert
         | but clearly if the changes stop here the plan wasn't even
         | followed to begin with.
        
       | cyberge99 wrote:
       | This is a regional problem. There are other ports in the US (East
       | Coast, etc). I don't see how it will be a global problem. Sure it
       | will affect supply and demand significantly, but it's not a
       | global catastrophe.
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | Based on container port statistics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
         | ki/List_of_busiest_container_port...) LA and Long Beach are not
         | very big compared to Rotterdam and Antwerp. And Hamburg is
         | roughly in the middle between LA and Long Beach in size.
         | 
         | LA and Long Beach don't seem big enough to cause a global
         | problem.
        
         | robbrown451 wrote:
         | You're suggesting the east coast ports for stuff shipped from
         | China?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Ongoing related thread:
       | 
       |  _What caused all the supply chain bottlenecks?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29029825
       | 
       | The previous stack:
       | 
       |  _Long Beach has temporarily suspended container stacking
       | limitations_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28971226 -
       | Oct 2021 (483 comments)
       | 
       |  _Flexport CEO on how to fix the US supply chain crisis_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28957379 - Oct 2021 (265
       | comments)
        
       | krisoft wrote:
       | > There was a rule in the Port of Los Angeles saying you could
       | only stack shipping containers two containers high.
       | 
       | This is incorrect. There was a zoning rule which affected truck
       | yards in Long Beach and Los Angeles. Truck yards. Not the port
       | itself.
       | 
       | As stated in the linked tweets actually.
       | 
       | But if you don't believe that you can just google an image of the
       | Port of Los Angeles from let's say 2019 and count how high the
       | container piles go. Here is a randomly selected image from 2019
       | where 5 high piles can be clearly counted:
       | https://www.joc.com/sites/default/files/field_feature_image/...
       | 
       | Accuracy is important. I'm not an expert on logistics, or zoning
       | laws. But how could I trust the article's author when they
       | clearly unable to parse their own sources?
       | 
       | > Normally one would settle this by changing prices, but for
       | various reasons we won't get into price mechanisms aren't working
       | properly to fix supply shortages.
       | 
       | It's nice that the article is not going into that. Instead it
       | hammers on that politicians regulate where and how many
       | containers can you plop down. That is not the real issue.
       | 
       | If you are moving containers into an area, and you are not moving
       | an equal amount out then you are going to run out of space to
       | store the containers. It is that simple. You can tweak rules to
       | make a bit more space, for example by stacking them higher in the
       | truck yards. But the real question is: why are the people who own
       | these containers incentivised to move them back to where they
       | want them to be filled? If you solve that the problem solves
       | itself. If you can't solve that piles of containers will fill up
       | what little more space you won by tweaking. So the very point the
       | article decides to "not go into" is the only one worth going
       | into.
        
         | dmingod666 wrote:
         | Yea, that stood out to me too the stacking limit was not at the
         | port..
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | Ok, a fair point. But in the end is the same thing: stupid
         | public worker bureaucrats exerting their petty, ignorant power
         | like the Gods they think they are.
        
         | lowbloodsugar wrote:
         | Indeed. Given the "balance" of trade, surely most of the empty
         | containers need to go back on a ship so China can fill them up
         | again? The problem is not the size of the buffer but the fact
         | that we aren't emptying the buffer.
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | I agree with everything you said.
         | 
         | Anecdote: I was driving into San Pedro in 2019, and I didn't
         | have a smart phone at the time (so no map/gps). I took the
         | wrong exit off of the 710 and ended up on Terminal Island. That
         | was the most visually overwhelming place I have ever been...
         | the scale of the ships, the height of the stacked containers (
         | _more than 2_ ), the abundance of trains... the cranes...
         | visually, overwhelming. And then there was all the road work,
         | construction, detours, one-ways down wrong-way streets.... I
         | was a hell of a morning as I tried to get to my
         | presentation....
        
         | jlkuester7 wrote:
         | > _is the only one worth going into_
         | 
         | Sure, when your critical system goes down an RCA is hugely
         | important and ultimately you have to apply a fix that addresses
         | the core issue to avoid it happening again in the future.
         | 
         | But, at the time that the system is actually down it seems like
         | the most important first step (once you understand the problem)
         | is to get the system running again ASAP. This can give you the
         | runway to fix the actual problem.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | Assuming no other conditions change, how long will it take
           | them to use up the extra storage space?
        
           | gkop wrote:
           | Counterpoint, sometimes it's better to let the system burn,
           | or else the root cause will never be addressed. Treating the
           | symptoms can take the pressure off solving the root cause.
        
             | hbosch wrote:
             | Correct! If we simply let the person die of cancer, we can
             | properly investigate the tumor when they are dead.
        
               | gkop wrote:
               | I should have given more context. In cases where
               | incentives are deeply, structurally misaligned, and it
               | will take heroic effort and significant luck to yield an
               | order of magnitude improvement over the status quo, we
               | should consider "letting it burn" as an option, and
               | recognize the total cost of treating the symptoms. The
               | global logistics quagmire may be a candidate for nuclear-
               | ish options. Agree with you on the cancer patient
               | scenario.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | The problem is that often the consequences of letting it
               | burn are most felt by innocent bystanders, rather than
               | the people who are meant to be "taught a lesson".
        
               | labster wrote:
               | Let the global supply chain burn? By Jove, let's have a
               | great depression!
        
               | gkop wrote:
               | Let the containers on the streets piss people off to
               | build pressure to align incentives, rather than
               | prolonging the problem with a temporary stacking
               | improvement. This is just a tool in our toolbox that we
               | should not ignore, I'm not saying it's the right tool.
               | But there is a cost of papering over the root cause,
               | that's not free.
               | 
               | BTW I don't live in LA/Long Beach. I recognize that LA
               | doesn't deserve the quality of life degradation, that's
               | an externality. We have tools to resolve externalities. I
               | could imagine living in an affected neighborhood in LA
               | and being super grateful for the container stacking
               | "quick fix".
        
               | bregma wrote:
               | Why not? It worked last time.
        
           | SkeuomorphicBee wrote:
           | For us software developers, it seems like the shipping
           | industry has the container equivalent of a memory leak (a
           | "container leak" if you will). Then the stacking rule change
           | is the equivalent of simply adding more memory to the system,
           | it doesn't fix the problem, but it buys you some more time of
           | normal system operation before the next out-of-memory crash.
           | Hopefully they use this time they bought to work on an actual
           | solution to the original leak.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | No, it isn't a leak as the containers are empty but not
             | garbage. It is very common to allocate extra memory that
             | isn't used - in garbage collected languages you often need
             | to fight the garbage collector for maximum performance in
             | specific ways - which means you will have empty objects
             | just waiting to be filled. You will get around to them
             | eventually, but for now they are just taking up memory. If
             | you allocate more of these objects than you have physical
             | ram you will start swapping - but there is no leak, you
             | will eventually either use them, or destroy them.
             | 
             | If you don't worth in latency senstive applications you
             | might not have encountered a situation where you need to
             | apply the above tricks.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | Lol!
               | 
               | Continuing this analogy, what has happened is that the
               | swap space for containers has filled, and it now has a
               | form of compression applied to it, so that five
               | containers can now be stored in the space where two could
               | be beforehand.
               | 
               | (Edit: let's hope the swap space doesn't become
               | encrypted.)
               | 
               | I wonder when the out-of-memory-killer process will start
               | up? What would it look like--just not shipping anything
               | to the US for a few months?
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | If you want to phrase it in programming terms, there's a
             | pretty obvious comparison to semaphores and deadlocks.
             | We've deadlocked. As a workaround we've increased a bunch
             | of our semaphore limits. But we also had those limits for a
             | reason (various balances of safety, efficiency, and
             | available amount of other ancillary resources). Maybe now
             | we'll run out of some other resource, or hit contention
             | somewhere else - we don't really know, the system is big
             | and hasn't been operated in this state before. And on top
             | of that, we didn't solve the fundamental deadlock - if the
             | underlying conditions persist, there's hard limits to how
             | often we can do this before we deadlock permanently.
        
           | neltnerb wrote:
           | It sounded like the capacity to physically move things around
           | is being blocked because trucks are being used for storage.
           | 
           | In that particular situation a temporary buffer that allows
           | the flow to become unblocked is necessary.
           | 
           | The computer won't operate if you are unable to move data off
           | the internal registers because there's nowhere to go.
           | Including operations to delete the data in long term storage
           | that is preventing the internal registers from being cleared.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | The bureaucratic rule of only stacking containers of two in
       | storage areas seem absurd when in the rest of the world there
       | examples of them being stacked 9 or even 12 high. Weird
       | government rules should have sunset clauses, at least for man-
       | made emergencies.
       | 
       | Maybe they should travel and see how ports are managed in the
       | rest of the world.
       | 
       | This workflow rule that clogged the port seems to be the perfect
       | platform for a former McKinsey consultant like Secretary of
       | Transportation Pete Buttigieg to shine. Yet that thunder is
       | stolen by the WSJ coverage and Flexport CEO tweetstorm.
        
       | mbauman wrote:
       | All the dismissals here are fascinating to me -- and sure seem to
       | be exactly the overarching story of TFA. Yes, this certainly
       | isn't the only problem here, but it's _certainly_ the easiest to
       | fix.
       | 
       | And yes, the narrative of the story is definitely important,
       | because it _avoided_ all the rabble you see here that was getting
       | in the way of a simple first step.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | We are so used to doom and negativity in the news that we
         | discard any positive news outright... which creates a self-
         | reinforcing feedback loop that everything is terrible all the
         | time.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Declaring great success at the moment a course of action of
           | decided on is going to be more productive for generalized
           | cynicism than stories of bad things that have actually
           | happened.
           | 
           | Pretend this were reported as "Long Beach allows containers
           | to be stacked higher in order to deal with a glut of empty
           | containers" rather than Randian Superhero Casually Solves
           | Port Problem, and Miraculously the Parasitic Bureaucrats Are
           | Forced to Listen to Him by the People of Twitter, and By the
           | Way, Why Can't We Demolish Neighborhoods and Replace Them
           | With SROs?
           | 
           | Wouldn't more cynicism be engendered by the second story than
           | the first if the change turns out to be ineffective or even
           | destructive?
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | The problem isn't _fixed._ If the actual problem isn 't fixed
         | soon, the extra capacity will be used in some finite and
         | probably short time.
        
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