[HN Gopher] U.S. government owes over $100M for TSA's patent inf...
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       U.S. government owes over $100M for TSA's patent infringement
        
       Author : throw7
       Score  : 158 points
       Date   : 2021-10-28 12:55 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | Yup, we always knew the US Gov't was full of thieves, just look
       | at civil forfeiture, what else is new ?
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | I see a lot of discussion assuming the patent covers "putting an
       | ad on a tray." Claim 1 of [1] says (when you see the word "said"
       | you can just replace it with "the" -- it doesn't become any more
       | legal just because it has "said")
       | 
       | A method comprising: positioning a first tray cart containing
       | trays at the proximate end of a scanning device through which
       | objects may be passed, wherein said scanning device comprises a
       | proximate end and a distal end, removing a tray from said first
       | tray cart, passing said tray through said scanning device from
       | said proximate end through to said distal end, providing a second
       | tray cart at said distal end of said scanning device, receiving
       | said tray passed through said scanning device in said second tray
       | cart, and moving said second cart to said proximate end of said
       | scanning device so that said trays in said second cart be passed
       | through said scanning device at said proximate end.
       | 
       | There are 14 dependent claims, all depending from claim 1. We
       | don't see anything about "advertising" until claim 4.
       | 
       | If you knock out claim 1, then all the others fall as well. I
       | won't even try to defend claim 1 -- if you're saying "how else
       | would you do it?" you're on the right track).
       | 
       | [1] https://patents.google.com/patent/US6888460B2/en
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | The examiner initially rejected this patent filing due to
       | obviousness. Can someone please explain to me like I'm stupid how
       | it was eventually ruled valid in court?
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | The examiner rejected it as obvious. More limitations were
         | added that made it no longer obvious. It's the new version that
         | was ruled valid.
         | 
         | Consider (120 years ago) a patent on "using energy to move a
         | vehicle quickly". Well, that's stupid and obvious. But using an
         | ICE to move a car was not. So you add more details and limits
         | until it's no longer obvious.
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | How is that even Patentable?
       | 
       | I mean it doesn't seem to pass the necessary burden of ingenuity
       | as it's IMHO/as far as I can tell just a trivial combination of
       | long known methods.
        
         | YPPH wrote:
         | Patent law is hard and generalising it is very difficult. It
         | all depends on the nature of the claims.
         | 
         | What can be said, generally, is that patentability isn't
         | assessed with the benefit of hindsight, and a combination of
         | well-known methods may, in some circumstances, be patentable.
        
           | _fat_santa wrote:
           | Yeah as ridiculous as this patent is, the context is
           | important here. The TSA tested this method, then refused to
           | license it and continued to use it. In another world where
           | the TSA had no idea about this guy and just came up with this
           | method on their own, this would be a very different case.
           | 
           | This is more of a case of "knowingly infringing on a patent"
           | rather than "infringing on a patent"
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | I talked to my lunch lady and she thinks she can establish
         | prior art.
        
         | mmaunder wrote:
         | I have a patent on breathing that I'd like to chat with you
         | about, assuming you're alive.
        
           | cronix wrote:
           | Right after I patent this rectangle with rounded corners
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | Well, see, the trays used to be different sizes so you couldn't
         | stack them, so without this patent the TSA wouldn't have
         | thought to do that /s
         | 
         | > A disadvantage to the present system used in security areas
         | is that the trays for holding laptop computers are not part of
         | a uniform system and do not protect the items from possible
         | damage. Therefore, it is possible that multiple size trays that
         | do not in any way correspond with one another may be used at a
         | security area thus making storage of the trays when they are
         | not in use cumbersome.
        
         | beervirus wrote:
         | I'm guessing you haven't read the claims of the patent yet?
        
           | alach11 wrote:
           | I'm reading it and it seems ridiculous to me.
           | 
           | > It was the final step in the method of claim one - "moving
           | said tray cart to said proximate end of said scanning device"
           | - that was added at the PTO to overcome the examiner's
           | initial obviousness concern.
           | 
           | So the lynchpin of the case earning this company $100m is the
           | idea of moving trays on a cart from the exit to the entrance.
           | 
           | https://www.eff.org/files/2016/12/22/security_point_ruling.p.
           | ..
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | apendleton wrote:
         | As to "how is it patentable," I think lots of other responses
         | are probably right as to the current state of the law, but to
         | me the more interesting question is the policy one: "why should
         | it be patentable." Like, to the extent that patents are a
         | deliberately market-distorting mechanism that's meant to
         | incentivize invention, do they actually work as intended here?
         | Like, does anyone seriously believe that if patents _didn 't_
         | protect this idea, nobody would have "invented" the idea of
         | putting trays on a cart anyway? And assuming they would have,
         | what's the social/public utility of having a patent system with
         | a bar as low as ours, if it doesn't actually incentivize
         | anything at least in the case of these most-seemingly-stupid
         | patents?
        
       | systemvoltage wrote:
       | Slightly off topic: "Travel speeds are back to 1960's with
       | incredibly low tech airport security process" - Peter Thiel.
       | 
       | At this point, we need to throw the baby and the bath water,
       | discard the entire security theater and have some SV company
       | innovate in this area.
       | 
       | Edit: I suspect the downvotes are because I quoted Peter Thiel.
       | Very reasonable.
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | No, because removing restrictions or changing how we do it
         | would compromise "safety". I put that word in quotes because
         | it's not actual safety, it's the feeling of safety.
         | 
         | Masks on airplanes are the same deal. There have been numerous
         | reports that masks don't provide that much protection,
         | airplanes have superior air filtering systems, yada yada yada.
         | Yet the FAA will likely keep extending the mask mandate
         | indefinitely. The masks don't make us any safer, hell they
         | might make us less safe when you consider the number of "mask
         | related" unruly passengers. But they provide "safety", and
         | that's the key driver here.
         | 
         | Really this trend can be seen everywhere. We make sacrifices as
         | a society to feel "safe". Whether that thing we are doing is
         | actually making us safer is irrelevant, it's all about feeling
         | good about yourself and your "safe" decisions.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | froggertoaster wrote:
       | CMV: As much as I hate the TSA (and security theatre in general)
       | this is a bad patent and feels more like a loss than a win.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | Well, the USA has refused to deal with their bad patent system
       | that has enabled generations of patent trolls to enrich
       | themselves at the expense of the rest of us due to lobbying(I use
       | the term in the East Texas bribery sense), and now they have got
       | bit. Live by the sword.....
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Not everyone knows the government has 'March in rights' when it
       | comes to national security concerns. Eg it can decide that it
       | needs to immediately use certain technology and violate IP in
       | certain circumstances.
        
       | polynomial wrote:
       | What was the actual method? I've been through airports where
       | trays were returned using a second set of rollers going in the
       | opposite direction, and I've been through airports were they were
       | manually collected in an ad hoc fashion when they were either
       | close to running out or already had run out on the supply side.
       | Needless to say, the latter approach results in total cluster
       | forks.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | The government could have got it for free:
       | 
       | St. Petersburg, Florida-based SecurityPoint's founder Joseph
       | Ambrefe offered the TSA a license to his patent in 2005 in
       | exchange for the exclusive right to advertise on the trays at
       | U.S. airports.
       | 
       | The TSA had success testing SecurityPoint's technology and
       | equipment, but refused SecurityPoint's offer.
       | 
       | The court said the TSA began using the same method with its own
       | equipment later that year at most or all of the airports under
       | its control, and SecurityPoint sued the U.S. government for
       | patent infringement in 2011.
       | 
       | The government conceded that it had used the technology since
       | 2008 in 10 airports including Dallas/Fort Worth, Boston Logan,
       | Phoenix Sky Harbor and all three major Washington, D.C.-area
       | airports.
       | 
       | The court rejected the government's arguments that
       | SecurityPoint's patent was invalid in 2015, leaving questions
       | about the extent of the government's infringement and how much it
       | owed in damages.
        
         | mmaunder wrote:
         | The issue I see here is that would be an acknowledgement of
         | ownership, which leads to greater demands as time passes.
        
         | staticman2 wrote:
         | That's literally not free since they would have had to turn the
         | security process into more of a clown show with advertisements.
        
           | nobody9999 wrote:
           | >That's literally not free since they would have had to turn
           | the security process into more of a clown show with
           | advertisements.
           | 
           | As I recall (I flew a couple weeks ago), the bins where you
           | need to dump your belt, shoes, carry-on, etc. have
           | advertisements on them.
           | 
           | But even without the ads, the TSA security theater was
           | already a clown show, IMHO.
        
           | Marsymars wrote:
           | One of the nice things about China is that they don't sell
           | off naming rights to their stadiums to the highest bidding
           | advertiser:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_China
        
             | seattle_spring wrote:
             | That's always bothered me about stadiums here in the US.
             | There's one in Seattle with this joke of a name: "Climate
             | Pledge Arena."
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Climate Pledge, brought to you by SC Johnson, cleans and
               | polishes your surfaces in more varied conditions for
               | people who live in extreme climates. Makes sense they'd
               | sponsor a hockey arena. /s
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Considering Amazon is paying for that name, I find it far
               | more appealing than "Amazon Prime 2-Day Delivery Arena".
        
               | wang_li wrote:
               | It's the home of the Seattle Krakens. We call it the
               | Krakhaus.
        
               | loosetypes wrote:
               | Similar but unrelated, the audacity to post-facto denote
               | something a Netflix Original.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Why is that nice? Shouldn't we want to encourage the rich
             | to finance large projects of cultural benefit?
        
             | anm89 wrote:
             | Sounds like a good trade for concentration camps and organ
             | harvesting.
        
             | donarb wrote:
             | Except former Wukesong Arena in Bejing has been named
             | "MasterCard Center", "LeSports Center" and is now "Cadillac
             | Center". Then there's "Mercedes-Benz Arena" in Shanghai.
             | Shaanxi Province Stadium was for a few years named "Coca-
             | Cola Stadium".
        
           | rspoerri wrote:
           | Apropos free:
           | 
           | https://geek-and-poke.com/geekandpoke/2010/12/21/the-free-
           | mo...
        
           | anm89 wrote:
           | Thank you for defending the purity of sanctity of the TSA. I
           | don't know what we would all do if we couldn't look up to TSA
           | as a shining beacon of morality and it turned into a "clown
           | show".
           | 
           | Putting an ad on a tray would at least be somewhere in the
           | top 500 most atrocious things the TSA regularly does.
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | As it happens, one of the violations the TSA admitted to was
           | the part of the patent that covers putting advertisements in
           | the trays.
           | 
           | (It boils my blood that the patent system rewards the people
           | who essentially "call dibs" on ideas like this, instead of
           | the people who build things.)
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | > (It boils my blood that the patent system rewards the
             | people who essentially "call dibs" on ideas like this,
             | instead of the people who build things.)
             | 
             | To me that's a really bad take, obsessing on builders, do
             | you see how much _additional_ wasted energy and mindshare
             | that requires?
             | 
             | "woah hey there, I don't respect you because what I
             | _wanted_ you to do was build the security apparatus and
             | tray system _yourself_ and find the product market fit
             | yourself, despite the TSA monopoly on all the checkpoints,
             | don 't worry about that part its about how much _I_ respect
             | you, not the higher capital requirements, time requirements
             | and worthlessness of attempting any of this! "
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | You've got a valid general point about the scapegoating
               | of NPEs. But it isn't applicable here, where the _lack of
               | building_ being referenced is the seeming impossibility
               | of doing anything novel and non-obvious with plastic
               | bins.
               | 
               | If you click through to the patent filing (linked
               | elsewhere in this thread), the claims are quite easy to
               | read. If someone notices something novel in the claims
               | that I've missed, I'd love to be wrong and learn about
               | some fantastic new invention for plastic bins. But all
               | indications are that this is yet another utterly bullshit
               | patent that should never have been granted.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Right, I actually disagree still, not because of the
               | genericness of the patent itself but because it was a
               | good finesse. And also because we are looking at it from
               | 2021's eyes and not 2001's eyes.
               | 
               | We need to rewind to 2001 and 2002 here, where the
               | priority date of this patent begins.
               | 
               | TSA was created as part of a series of kneejerk reactions
               | to the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in November
               | 2001. Congress was merely a tool here as there was almost
               | zero original bills passed, just pet projects that
               | enterprisers and war hawks had already written as bills,
               | forwarded to their favorite committees when it was
               | convenient.
               | 
               | Within 8 months this person has their provisional patent
               | filed that predicts how these checkpoints will be
               | structured and how they could further function. July
               | 2002.
               | 
               | Here, I agree that it was patentable because this level
               | of security really was not in use anywhere back then.
               | There was no need for an efficient baggage binning system
               | back then. Just a few government buildings had scanners
               | for just a couple people at a time.
               | 
               | The TSA did not implement this _until after_ this patent
               | holder presented the proposal to them.
               | 
               | The TSA also had a choice of not doing these obvious
               | things. The patent system allows for infinite
               | permutations to be patented, as well as patents to cover
               | many of those permutations. The TSA did a very specific
               | one, this isn't really that ambiguous.
               | 
               | I agree with the patent examiner, I agree with the judge.
               | Also thank you for validating my point about how non-
               | practicing entities get scapegoated way too much, I
               | appreciate that. Hope my perspective still offers more
               | insight others can agree with.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I'd say the shape of our disagreement here follows a
               | fundamental problem with the patent system.
               | 
               | It's impossible to directly refute the argument that it
               | only seems obvious in retrospect, short of finding some
               | people who became isolated/frozen/etc in Y2K and asking
               | them to judge.
               | 
               | Which is why we look to _prior art_. But that forms a
               | much weaker argument - while we 've seen stackable bins
               | and bin aggregation carts for decades, we hadn't seen
               | them in use at high volume invasive security checkpoints,
               | as such checkpoints didn't exist before. Does applying a
               | longstanding technology to a newly needed purpose
               | constitute invention?
               | 
               | The patent system asserts that this answer is
               | undecidable, and thus defaults to issuing a patent.
               | Whereas to everyone else looking at the constructive
               | behavior of this system, it looks an awful lot like
               | lawyers getting paid a bunch of money to generate
               | paperwork that divvies up ownership of the intellectual
               | commons.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | > _" Does applying a longstanding technology to a newly
               | needed purpose constitute invention?"_
               | 
               | Yes, if the technology is new in that 'field'.
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | Yes, exactly, you put it better than I could have.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | How is putting advertisement on ANYTHING patentable, that's
             | driving me nuts.
             | 
             | If there is space, you can put a ad on it, that's a trivial
             | truth older then the patent system itself.
        
               | Frost1x wrote:
               | Keep in mind, a system of rules is just a system of
               | rules. It takes someone to come along and knowingly look
               | for "ah ha, gotcha" loopholes in a system to exploit for
               | their own advantage.
               | 
               | It's completely possible to look at a system, realize
               | there's a flaw, and not take advantage of it--perhaps
               | even try to fix the flaw you discovered.
               | 
               | In the US, we're increasingly normalizing the culture of
               | "well, it's legal" as to whether we should or shouldn't
               | do something--the baseline of morales is becoming law.
               | 
               | Part of this is driven by competitive forces that put us
               | at critical disadvantages if we don't follow suit. Taking
               | the "high road" often costs more and hinders us to points
               | we can't survive, so even if you don't want to play
               | exploitative games on systems and people, in some cases,
               | your very livelihood may actually depend on it.
               | 
               | "Don't hate the player, hate the game" comes to mind as
               | players unwilling to come to a consensus that the game is
               | flawed and adjust the rules so they can follow the intent
               | of the game and not the flaws in the rules of the game.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > It takes someone to come along and knowingly look for
               | "ah ha, gotcha" loopholes in a system to exploit for
               | their own advantage.
               | 
               | This isn't a witty corner-case hack. This is a system
               | intentionally designed to reward insiders.
        
               | FourHand451 wrote:
               | > It takes someone to come along and knowingly look for
               | "ah ha, gotcha" loopholes in a system to exploit for
               | their own advantage.
               | 
               | Obviously it's not a positive thing in this case, but
               | there seems to be a lot in common with a hacker sort of
               | mindset here. Figuring out loopholes in laws seems
               | awfully similar on some level to figuring out how a piece
               | of tech works and making it do goofy things the designers
               | never thought of or intended.
               | 
               | Obviously, ethics enter into the equation, and there's a
               | collection of things that are legal but unethical whether
               | you're talking about legal loopholes or traditional
               | hacking. Though given this discussion I'm able to think
               | of more in the legal realm that's unethical.
               | 
               | Maybe we need an analog to red-teamers in the legal
               | world. I guess that's a lawyer? A certain kind of lawyer
               | anyway.
        
               | lostcolony wrote:
               | Need, yes. Have any way of achieving, no. Those holes are
               | a feature, not a bug; to mix metaphors a bit, the black
               | hats are funding the lobbyists.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | In some countries courts have the option to honor the
               | spirit of the law instead of the letter when deciding in
               | favor of the defendant.
        
               | agustif wrote:
               | I saw this phrase in the context on how people might
               | cheat stupid rules from their religion without feeling
               | bad about it
        
               | webmaven wrote:
               | _> In some countries courts have the option to honor the
               | spirit of the law instead of the letter when deciding in
               | favor of the defendant._
               | 
               | In the US as well, though the system is geared toward
               | hiding that fact.
               | 
               | Jury nullification is a thing, though if you admit to
               | have heard about it you'll be booted off the jury.
               | 
               | Judges may not have as much leeway in sentencing as they
               | used to, but they do for verdicts, though no judge likes
               | to be reversed on appeal, the threat of which tends to
               | constrain verdicts and opinions (which sometimes seems to
               | lead to more creativity in findings of fact).
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | > In the US, we're increasingly normalizing the culture
               | of "well, it's legal"
               | 
               | Yes, this makes me sick. I know a disturbing number of
               | people who, to varying degrees, seem to think gaming
               | things without regard to positive-sum outcomes is just...
               | right and normal.
               | 
               | People want to talk about a morality crisis, there's your
               | crisis. Way too many people seem to want to live in
               | Soviet-class corruption.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Indeed, reasserting true American values and ideals over
               | the corrupt Soviet ones would help ease some of this
               | moral failing.
               | 
               | One thing that a society under communism has to deal with
               | is reckoning with the fact that, actually, its all a game
               | and there is little difference between what you can get
               | away with, and what is right. In fact the Soviets
               | celebrated and rewarded those people who, as individuals,
               | could play the game best.
               | 
               | while in America we have always valued human enterprise
               | in itself. It's not about the money, it's about
               | collectively coming together to maximize prosperity and
               | well being. People know whats right and good because, as
               | a nation, its manifest that greedy individuals should not
               | be celebrated; goes against the whole idea of the United
               | States that's been there from the start.
               | 
               | It's really sad, I feel like I'm living in the USSR more
               | and more everyday
        
               | codeproject wrote:
               | have you ever lived in the soviet union before? or You
               | just read about it from the media? Not to defend the
               | system here. Just a gentle reminder of a bit critical
               | thinking. >its all a game and there is little difference
               | between what you can get away with, and what is
               | right<...Here what about the Jeffery Epstein?
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | What about Epstein? His misdeeds were only acknowledged
               | when he could no longer get away with them.
               | 
               | Edit: to be clear, I'm pretty sure they intended "right"
               | to be sarcastic in that statement, not that they're
               | actually endorsing something as depraved as cultural
               | relativism.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Yes, this makes me sick. I know a disturbing number of
               | people who, to varying degrees, seem to think gaming
               | things without regard to positive-sum outcomes is just...
               | right and normal.
               | 
               | It's right and normal because the US[1] has a very rule-
               | based social system. Break the rules with the best of
               | intentions, and you're not going to have a good time.
               | Follow the rules with the worst of intentions, and you
               | are.
               | 
               | [1] And it is by no means alone in this.
        
               | dspillett wrote:
               | It is a similar innovation to "<anything> on the
               | internet", just inverted so "advertising on an
               | <anything>".
        
               | inetsee wrote:
               | It's not clear to me if SecurityPoint's patent is for
               | putting advertisements on the trays. I thought
               | SecurityPoint offered to let TSA use their technology
               | without paying fees, if the TSA would include
               | SecurityPoint ads?
        
               | akersten wrote:
               | > How is putting advertisement on ANYTHING patentable
               | 
               | Because our patent system is broken beyond repair and
               | should be entirely dismantled never to be rebuilt.
               | 
               | Remember cases like this the next time you hear anyone
               | try to justify existence of something like a software
               | patent. A monopoly on ideas is an absurdity laid bare to
               | most people only by glaring examples like this.
        
             | cosmojg wrote:
             | I wonder why we don't implement a Georgist tax on 80%-100%
             | of the value of a patent to discourage patent hoarding and
             | incentivize building on top of patents held. The
             | intellectual property market would become a lot more
             | efficient and productive.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Georgist taxes are taxes on uncreated property i.e. land.
               | Intellectual property is created property, it's just
               | intangible.
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | Granted, the original idea was on real property. But
               | practically speaking, is there much difference with the
               | way IP law works in the US? Patent trolls are essentially
               | rent seekers, with similar economic effects. Even worse,
               | it's much harder to realize you're infringing a lot of
               | the time. At least with land there are lines in the sand
               | you can look up at a county clerks office.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | I like this. We should do the same for copyright: the
               | owner of the thing (patent; trademark; copyright)
               | declares a value, then they pay a tax on the value;
               | anyone else can "pay the balance" to buy off the
               | monopoly.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | The issue here is that the value of things is not
               | universal, nor is the means to pay such a tax.
               | 
               | For instance, I may discover a manufacturing machine that
               | cuts the cost of building semiconductor chips in half. My
               | options under this model, though, are to either price it
               | low enough that I can actually afford to build up a
               | business on top of it (in which case a bigger company can
               | swoop in, buy the rights from me, and destroy my
               | business) or price it high enough that the incumbents
               | can't afford to buy me off (in which case, the proposed
               | tax will be large enough that it'll stifle my business,
               | and the incumbents can just wait until my business dies
               | on its own.)
               | 
               | The current system is far from perfect, but it _does_
               | favor upstarts and entrepreneurs ' ability to build
               | business rather than incumbents. The big thing I'd love
               | to see is a shortening of the patent exclusivity period
               | before becoming public domain.
        
               | karlkeefer wrote:
               | > The current system is far from perfect, but it does
               | favor upstarts and entrepreneurs' ability to build
               | business rather than incumbents.
               | 
               | I think exactly the opposite is true. Patents are one of
               | the primary ways that incumbents are able to rent seek on
               | their inventions for decades. These large companies hoard
               | patents, and are legally granted monopoly on a given
               | technology, making direct competition on their invention
               | illegal.
               | 
               | A world without patents would be more enabling to small
               | entrepreneurs, because the amount of things they are
               | _allowed to attempt_ is so much higher than in our
               | current world.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | > Patents are one of the primary ways that incumbents are
               | able to rent seek on their inventions for decades. These
               | large companies hoard patents, and are legally granted
               | monopoly on a given technology, making direct competition
               | on their invention illegal.
               | 
               | Totally agreed, and the solution there is (in my opinion)
               | to reduce the duration of such patents to the point where
               | newcomers have a reasonable chance to bootstrap a
               | business based on that patent, but not so long that
               | patents bar competitors from coming to market down the
               | line.
               | 
               | Value-based taxation will _always_ favor those with deep
               | pockets who can afford to pay top dollar to scrape the
               | cream off of small businesses.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | Let's suppose you had some novel idea that would greatly
               | increase the value of a social network, idea X. In the
               | current system, you can patent it, build a working
               | version, and then either sell out to FB or another major
               | tech company (ala Instagram) or go public (like
               | Snapchat). Without patents at all, FB sees your app start
               | to take off, looks at it's key feature, assigns N
               | engineers to duplicate it and rolls it out to billions of
               | users. Your app then is a sad knockoff of FB's shiny new
               | feature, withers and dies.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, with a Georgist tax, either you have to raise
               | hundreds of millions just to pay the tax when created, or
               | FB buys your patent for peanuts.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Has anyone ever had a novel idea for a social network,
               | patented it, and been paid for it by FB?
               | 
               | Because it seems to me, the way the patent system is
               | supposed to work, and the way it actually works in
               | practice, are very different.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | Geoist taxes are always problematic for this reason. I
               | suspect that if the tax valuation is phased in slowly
               | it'd have a good trade-off.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | I'm curious what you mean by phasing these in slowly.
               | I've seen the issue crop up in every Georgist or
               | valuation-based tax proposal I've seen, but I'd love to
               | learn more if there are reasonable ways around these bad
               | incentive structures.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | I haven't thought about patents. But, for copyrights, I
               | think there should be two "schedules":
               | 
               | 1. A fixed original-author schedule which is 28 years,
               | tax free; and,
               | 
               | 2. A "work for hire" schedule which is 70+ years, where
               | the Geoist tax is free for the first 7 years, then
               | increases by 1% every 7 years.
               | 
               | Again, the rule is this: you self appraise, and pay your
               | tax. Any other entity can pay the balance due (in my
               | opinion, to the Treasury: the monopoly is granted by the
               | people, not the copyright owner), and it places the copy
               | into the public domain.
               | 
               | For patents... I'd probably say its "free" unless you
               | enforce its monopoly. Then, if you value the patent at
               | "100 million$" you owe the government N-years X
               | percentage X 100 million. Obviously, the valuation isn't
               | the infringing value -- infringement is a fraction of its
               | value. That means a patent only "has value" when it's
               | used to enforce its monopoly.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | Part of copyright is the right to exclude. Adding a
               | compulsory buyout provision would make copyright so
               | unrecognizable as to not be a copyright anymore.
               | 
               | Imagine the Hobson's Choice you just offered small-time
               | artists. If you don't want to work with a large
               | publisher, you either have to overvalue your copyright to
               | the point of being buried by ruinsome, confiscatory
               | taxes... or, if you don't want the taxes, then a large
               | publisher can buy you out for pennies on the dollar. What
               | that would mean is that you would _lose_ the legal right
               | to write your own work anymore.
               | 
               | Large publishers would benefit handsomely, as they'd be
               | able to buy into a new market of hilariously undervalued
               | work. You would turn every independent creative endeavor
               | into the highly exploitative contracts that the average
               | record label M&A lawyer writes on a day-to-day basis.
               | Meanwhile, _because these companies are already rich and
               | powerful_ , they can just afford to pay the tax to
               | overvalue their copyrights. So the end result would be a
               | transfer of wealth from artists to publishers.
               | 
               | Furthermore, what happens to any existing licensing
               | agreements? What happens if Microsoft buys out Linus
               | Torvalds or the FSF with the intent of making Linux or
               | GNU proprietary software? Does the GPL still hold, or
               | does the buyout override the licensing agreement? The
               | latter is bad for obvious reasons. The former would allow
               | the use of improper transfers and creative accounting to
               | partially evade the taxation regime. Hold your copyright
               | personally, exclusively license it to an LLC on very
               | generous terms, and then undervalue the copyright on your
               | taxes. If someone does buy you out, they can't terminate
               | the license for at least 35 years - upon which most of
               | the copyright's value will have already been exploited.
               | 
               | What you seem to be asking for is a way to attack large
               | companies for being large. The answer to your question is
               | not to break copyright and patent law (more than it
               | already has); but to actually enforce antitrust law, and
               | reduce the scope and scale of copyright back to something
               | reasonable.
        
               | kfprt wrote:
               | If you set a price and multiple people are willing to pay
               | it then it can't be exclusive.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | First, I'm restricting this to the US!
               | 
               | I replied elsewhere, but will reply here, as well. I
               | think there should be two "schedules":
               | 
               | 1. A private schedule, which is tax-free which terminates
               | at 28 years or upon any (or all?) of the authors' death,
               | whichever is first; and,
               | 
               | 2. A work-for-hire schedule, which begins at 0% tax, and
               | increases by 1% every 7 years after that.
               | 
               | A "private" copyright can be converted to a "work-for-
               | hire" by paying past taxes. A work-for-hire may not be
               | converted to private.
               | 
               | First, when a copyright is "bought out", the payment is
               | made to the Treasury -- the copyright is granted by the
               | people via the US government, that is the beneficiary of
               | the buyout. Second, the buyout places the work into the
               | public domain; this is not a transfer sale! Third, the
               | copyright owner can increase the value whenever they feel
               | like, but the valuation can never decrease. For example:
               | the owner could value the copyright at 50 gajillion
               | dollars; at the end of 7 years, if they can't pay the tax
               | on the 50 gajillion dollars, the copyright lapses.
               | 
               | For patents, I think a tax is owed _when the patent is
               | enforced in a court of law_. I don 't know the schedule
               | for that.
        
             | throw10920 wrote:
             | > the patent system rewards the people who essentially
             | "call dibs" on ideas like this
             | 
             | Patents are regularly invalidated due to prior art. As long
             | as you document your inventions thoroughly, then even if
             | you don't patent the idea yourself, you can invalidate the
             | person who did. If the people who "call dibs" are being
             | rewarded, it's only because the inventors either weren't
             | patenting, or weren't documenting.
        
               | karlkeefer wrote:
               | Calling dibs is still problematic, even with proper
               | documentation... independent inventors often come up with
               | same thing at a later date, because it's obvious, but
               | they are still prevented from using their own invention
               | because someone else had the same idea.
        
               | SomeCallMeTim wrote:
               | The problem is that the law isn't being enforced with any
               | consistency.
               | 
               | You know what's _required_ for a patent to be awarded? It
               | has to be _non-obvious._ It has to be something that
               | someone  "the typical person in the field" wouldn't think
               | to do, when given that problem to solve.
               | 
               | If the patent office (and later, the courts) would _just
               | apply the non-obviousness criteria reasonably_ we wouldn
               | 't have these problems.
               | 
               | And yes, that means they'd likely need to consult with
               | people in various fields. It's not exactly free to get a
               | patent; some of that money could go to pay those same
               | consultants to judge the obviousness of each patent as it
               | is reviewed.
        
               | webmaven wrote:
               | _> If the patent office (and later, the courts) would
               | just apply the non-obviousness criteria reasonably we
               | wouldn 't have these problems._
               | 
               | Agreed, but given that inventors can endlessly refile
               | with whatever minor tweaks they like, and examiners are
               | incentivised according to the number of patents they
               | grant, it isn't hard to wear them down, eventually.
               | 
               | Courts then presume a patent is valid and it takes a lot
               | of effort to convince them otherwise, and typically it is
               | only prior art that will do it.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | > _" examiners are incentivised according to the number
               | of patents they grant"_
               | 
               | This is completely wrong; their incentive is actually to
               | reject an application. The optimal strategy for an
               | examiner seems to be to reject an application at least
               | twice, usually more. There is abundant literature on this
               | topic, and I encourage you to explore it.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | On the plus side, that means that nobody _else_ can put ads
             | there without violating the patent...
        
           | notRobot wrote:
           | The TSA is anyway almost entirely security theatre:
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/01/tsa-
           | bus...
        
             | JoshTko wrote:
             | I agree that TSA is ineffective against any sophisticated
             | attack, but couldn't it potentially be a great filter for
             | the many run of mill crazy person? Not suggesting its an
             | efficient use of funds in either case.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Yeah I've thought this too. Measuring TSA effectiveness
               | by number of knives, guns, and TNT caught in backpacks
               | seems insufficient, because the very existence of the TSA
               | likely dissuades loonies from considering commercial
               | aircraft as a viable option in their plans. But you can't
               | measure the number of events that never happened, so we
               | can't get a full picture of exactly how many attacks the
               | TSA prevents by existing.
        
               | VRay wrote:
               | You could measure the number of incidents that didn't
               | happen before the TSA was formed, though
               | 
               | Even the deadly hijackings it was formed to prevent
               | wouldn't ever happen again, since the passengers would
               | fight back now
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Between 1968 and 1972, over 130 commercial aircraft were
               | hijacked in the US. No hijackings have been reported in
               | the US since 2001.
               | 
               | https://www.datagraver.com/thumbs/1300x1300r/2016-03/hija
               | cki...
               | 
               | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/03/29/hijackings
               | -ra...
        
               | arbitrage wrote:
               | .... what happened between 1972 and 2001?
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Take a look at the graph in my first link. Looks like
               | dozens and dozens of hijackings.
        
               | jonwachob91 wrote:
               | ^^^ This, so much this.
               | 
               | Especially with how common we've seen violent outbursts
               | on airplanes since post-pandemic flights have resumed.
               | It's almost a daily occurrence. If those individuals had
               | weapons during flight, the outcomes would be very
               | different.
               | 
               | Leave the detection and prevention of sophisticated
               | threats to agencies better equipped.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | You're assuming that the people who are throwing tantrums
               | on planes are premeditating enough to prepare by bringing
               | weapons. Yet if they had those kind of planning
               | faculties, they would realize that flipping out at flight
               | attendants doesn't further their cause at all.
               | 
               | Alternative take: the people throwing tantrums have
               | reached their breaking point from the stress of being in
               | a totalitarian environment [0]. And all the security
               | theater of airports is a major and needless contributor
               | to that stress.
               | 
               | [0] Just to be clear here, I think masks are highly
               | necessary and if I had to fly somewhere I would be
               | wearing a full face P100. But the act of forcing people
               | to wear them is still totalitarian, regardless of how
               | justified it is.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | That's the same way I feel about being forced to drive
               | between the lines. I do it because I don't want to kill
               | myself or other drivers, but forcing people to do it is
               | clearly a sign of fascist dictatorship no matter how many
               | lives it saves.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | When I pass cyclists on single lane roads I'm generally
               | more than halfway over the dividing line, conditions
               | permitting. If someone gets a ticket for going over a
               | line in a safe and reasonable manner, then yes it is
               | quite appropriate to call that overbearing law
               | enforcement.
               | 
               | Wearing something over your face is annoying. Loops
               | around your ears are irritating. Confronting someone that
               | they need to put something on their face creates an
               | adversarial situation. These are facts that the
               | (otherwise sensible) pro-mask political dogma has rallied
               | around rejecting, rather than focusing on the more
               | enlightened viewpoint that wearing a mask is indeed a
               | burden but we all have the responsibility to do it.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | Not sure if serious or sarcastic. If serious, I'd love to
               | hear more about your world view here.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | The run of the mill crazy person could bomb the TSA lines
               | and easily get dozens or hundreds of people. The reason
               | there aren't more bombings is because there largely
               | aren't people who want to do more bombings.
        
               | kfprt wrote:
               | Every societies security model relies on people simply
               | not wishing to act violently. Literally followed by a
               | police team and still stabbed people. https://en.wikipedi
               | a.org/wiki/2021_Auckland_supermarket_stab...
        
               | garyfirestorm wrote:
               | Run of the mill crazy you say - this happened in last 24
               | hrs
               | 
               | https://news.yahoo.com/american-airlines-flight-diverted-
               | pas...
        
               | lowkey_ wrote:
               | It appears the attacker didn't have a weapon, though,
               | which is the TSA's job you're saying they didn't
               | accomplish?
        
           | bellyfullofbac wrote:
           | I guess putting ads in the security check area works? If I
           | were the buyer, I would be wondering if people would
           | associate my brand with the negative experience which is
           | airport security.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | It depends on whether it's advertising advertising, or just a
           | sticker or maker's mark - you know, the ones these trays and
           | other products in use at airports and security checkpoints
           | already have.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | They already advertise on the trays in DIA if I remember
           | correctly. And besides, airport security is a clown show.[0]
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2017/11/09/tsa.
           | ..
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | paulgb wrote:
       | The patent in question:
       | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6888460B2/en
        
         | hannibalhorn wrote:
         | So the "invention" is stackable trays on a cart? :-( I guess
         | it's not just software patents that have become problematic.
        
           | brentm wrote:
           | It's crazy that patents can be granted for 'inventions' that
           | are nothing more than common sense. Being the first mover on
           | hiring a patent attorney and filing the paperwork should not
           | be rewarded.
           | 
           | I suppose drawing a definitive line where common sense ends
           | and invention begins is difficult so we end up with the
           | current system.
        
             | YPPH wrote:
             | "Not common sense" is not the legal test for patentability.
             | But it is in effect incorporated within the requirements
             | that a patentable invention be novel, have an inventive
             | step, and be non-obvious (assessed without the benefit of
             | hindsight).
             | 
             | The US Government could dispute the patent claim if they
             | think the so-called invention is not an invention.
        
               | rkagerer wrote:
               | What stage in the process of disputing the patent's
               | validity are they at?
               | 
               | Are there higher judges they can appeal to for a more
               | rational outcome?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _the "invention" is stackable trays on a cart?_
           | 
           | Look at the claims, not the general descriptions. "A better
           | stapler" may just be a stapler, but that description elides
           | the novel mechanism contained within. (There may be no novel
           | mechanism here. I don't know. I'm not a cart expert.)
        
             | patentatt wrote:
             | I'm usually one to defend patents on the grounds that the
             | claims are far more narrow than the general idea being
             | criticized in internet comments... that being said, claim 1
             | is, on its face, very broad. Like super broad. I'd be
             | curious to check out the prosecution history and the spec
             | on this to see if there's anything limiting in there.
             | Because in plain language, claim 1 is ... broad.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | If you look at the claims they actually patented this (I
             | translated it into English):
             | 
             | > For a scanner with a near and far end, position one cart
             | near the near end. Remove a tray from the cart. Pass it
             | through the scanner. Put the tray in a second cart at the
             | far end of the scanner. Move the second cart to the near
             | end of the scanner.
             | 
             | I'm not exaggerating. That's what claim 1 says. If you do
             | that they can sue you for infringement.
             | 
             | The subordinate claims talk about stackable trays, but you
             | only have to infringe claim 1 to be infringing. Claim 1 is
             | written as broadly as possible in order to "catch" as many
             | infringers as possible, and then the subordinate claims are
             | there in case the courts actually rule that claim 1 was too
             | broad.
             | 
             | So you can say "Fine, we can't patent using a cart to move
             | trays, but what about claim 3? We patented using stackable
             | trays! That's very novel!"
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | > We patented using stackable trays!
               | 
               | I'd just start gesturing wildly at cafeteria trays that
               | have been around for decades.
        
           | amalcon wrote:
           | Basically that, plus swapping the carts when more trays are
           | needed at the inlet, plus putting advertising on everything.
           | How "putting an ad on a visible surface" even passes the
           | smell test is beyond me, but those claims are valid it
           | seems...
        
         | JamesCoyne wrote:
         | I guess this counts as novel and non-obvious then:
         | 
         | > One embodiment of the present invention may be a system
         | including a security scanning device through which objects may
         | be passed, having a proximate end and a distal end, a plurality
         | of trays, and a plurality of tray carts adapted to receive the
         | trays, wherein the plurality of trays are provided in a first
         | tray cart at the proximate end of the scanning device, and
         | wherein the trays are adapted to be passed through the scanning
         | device at the proximate end, and wherein the trays are received
         | in a second tray cart after passing through the scanning device
         | at the distal end of the scanning device, and wherein the
         | second cart is adapted to be relocated to the proximate end of
         | the scanning device.
        
           | josaka wrote:
           | Better to look at the claims, which define the scope of
           | rights granted. That said, the broadest claim pretty much
           | tracks this language. I wonder if the broadest claim
           | survived, or if the verdict was based on a narrower dependent
           | claim.
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | Translation: a stack of trays on one side of the xray
           | machine, that get passed through the xray machine to the
           | other side, where they are put in a second stack. The second
           | stack can be moved as a stack (presumably on wheels or
           | something) back to the near side of the xray.
        
           | ViViDboarder wrote:
           | Does it? What's the novel part? Using two carts so you don't
           | have to wheel the empty one around? That doesn't sound novel
           | to me. I've don't that at the grocery store before.
        
       | satya71 wrote:
       | I wonder if it would be a good idea to form an NPE solely to
       | assert patents against the government. It might finally irk them
       | enough to improve the patent laws.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | I imagine if you specifically targeted Congress or the
         | Executive Office you might get some movement. A voting related
         | patent would be amusing. They would have to violate your patent
         | to do anything about it.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Wow. There is no positive outcome in this case.
       | 
       | If the patent troll wins, we lose, and low quality shit patents
       | are further confirmed.
       | 
       | If the TSA wins, it allows the TSA to continue to incinerate cash
       | in a never ending play of "security theater".
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | I don't think TSA's cash-burning security theater is under any
         | real threat either way.
        
       | MomoXenosaga wrote:
       | How many trillions does the US government owe? Is anyone even
       | counting at this point? Just add it to the pile.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | asah wrote:
       | I'm sorry, but isn't $100M a rounding error to USG ? That's like
       | one missile or a toilet seat or something...
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | This "invention" (see paulgb's link to the patent) sounds far too
       | much like stackable plastic milk crates with $Logo_Of_Dairy
       | printed on the side of 'em.
       | 
       | Or even more like the stackable plastic trays (and carts designed
       | specifically for them) that you could find in the dishroom of
       | most large cafeterias 50+ years ago.
       | 
       | And running actual stacks of those trays through the big
       | dishwashing machine (say, to heat up a bunch of clean soup bowls
       | right before they hit the serving line) was "d'oh, obvious" when
       | I briefly had a dishroom job in the early 1980's.
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | Nope, sovereign immunity insulates federal government from patent
       | or copyright claims.
       | 
       | > states enjoy unfettered sovereign immunity with respect to
       | copyright, trademark, and patent infringement claims in federal
       | court
       | 
       | https://www.vorys.com/publications-2574.html
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | Actually, sovereign immunity protects states, but not the
         | federal government.
         | 
         | (In the specific case of IP, not in general. This is because
         | the fed. gov. waived sovereign immunity for itself and the
         | states, but the courts found that the fed. gov. couldn't waive
         | the immunity on the state's behalf.)
        
           | tantalor wrote:
           | Interesting, thanks did not know that.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | All so that we could take our shoes off even though there was
       | only the one shoe related incident some years ago. When will we
       | have enough of this security theater? The costs just keep
       | mounting.
        
         | mbg721 wrote:
         | It's broken-windows adopted as public policy rather than
         | recognized as a fallacious waste.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | Don't worry, soon the TSA will pay millions for electromagnetic
         | scanning mats so you don't have to take your shoes off:
         | https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/10/28/lifestyle/please-do-n...
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | BRB, filing a patent for taking your shoes off.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | The patent system needs to be abolished. People patenting trays
       | is "patently" ridiculous. Patents crush innovation. Ideas are
       | worthless, execution is everything.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | And most patents are built on top of the work of others who did
         | not patent their ideas. If they did, then those derivatives
         | would not be able to exist.
        
       | josaka wrote:
       | The most recent ruling in this case is available here:
       | https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=506583781665731...
       | Validity was addressed back in 2016, but has not been reviewed on
       | appeal yet. If others can find a link to that case, it might help
       | folks understand what's happening here.
        
         | josaka wrote:
         | Here's the ruling where validity is analyzed by the court
         | (again, which has not been reviewed on appeal as far as I can
         | tell): https://cite.case.law/fed-cl/129/25/
        
           | josaka wrote:
           | This is probably the key passage in the validity ruling:
           | "Defendant's disavowal in pretrial practice of having its
           | experts combine prior art was a serious handicap at trial."
           | Not a good place to be as a defendant in a patent suit.
        
             | varenc wrote:
             | Can you explain this more for me?
             | 
             | Basically, the TSA didn't try to establish that prior art
             | for this patent existed? Why would they not do that? Is it
             | too late for them to try now?
        
               | josaka wrote:
               | TSA's counsel argued that the asserted patent was obvious
               | in view of one prior art reference that disclosed
               | scanning trays and a second prior art reference that
               | disclosed carts at both ends of a machine processing
               | trays. To make this argument, they needed an expert
               | witness to say that it would have been obvious to combine
               | the two prior art references in the way claimed. My read
               | of this comment is that they failed to get their expert
               | witness on record as having that opinion before trial,
               | and so they were prevented from effectively presenting
               | the position at trial. This is the sort of thing that
               | keeps patent attorneys up at night.
        
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