[HN Gopher] Starship is still not understood
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Starship is still not understood
        
       Author : wwilson
       Score  : 264 points
       Date   : 2021-10-28 12:00 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (caseyhandmer.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (caseyhandmer.wordpress.com)
        
       | ncallaway wrote:
       | I'm kinda confused by the criticism of the industry and NASA not
       | designing for Starship.
       | 
       | The author argues that NASA doesn't understand Tempe game changer
       | that Starship is, but I don't think that's accurate. I think the
       | risk to NASA of assuming the benefits of Starship before it's
       | proven are just too high.
       | 
       | If NASA (or other industry players), assume Starship will deliver
       | the benefits it promises, they to fundamentally alter their
       | approach to space. But that leaves them with no backup plan in
       | the event that Starship fails to materialize or deliver on its
       | promises.
       | 
       | Whereas this other approach, of treating Starship like a much
       | better vehicle but integrating it into its old processes, gives
       | them an out if Starship fails in some way. Because they're still
       | using the "old" assumptions, they can fall back to other "old
       | space" style providers.
       | 
       | I think once Starship has proven itself capable of deliver on its
       | promises, you'll see NASA changing its approach radically in the
       | manner the author describes.
       | 
       | So, fundamentally, I think it's not a lack of "understanding",
       | but a different calibration of "risk". This also applies to many
       | existing space companies, and I also think this gives
       | opportunities for new companies that have a higher risk tolerance
       | to take advantage.
        
         | natch wrote:
         | I would buy your argument if they weren't assuming the benefits
         | of SLS before it's proven. Why give SLS, but not Starship, the
         | benefit of the doubt?
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Because Nasa is calling the shots on SLS, but Elon could
           | cancell starship with a tweet, or OD on crack and kick the
           | bucket, or go bancrupt, or end up in jail for calling someone
           | a pedo.
           | 
           | There is a real non-zero risk of something bad gappebing to
           | him and then future of SpaceX is in question, its not a
           | robust institution like NASA
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Elon going to prison would not stop Starship. Neither would
             | it stop if he died.
             | 
             | And in some absurd crazy scenario NASA could basically
             | 'take' it because its relevant for future mission. NASA has
             | done so before if a company they needed went bankrupt.
             | 
             | SLS depends on a incredibly long list of suppliers. Far
             | longer then Starship.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | I don't think NASA really wants to give the benefit of the
           | doubt to SLS. It's a congressionally mandated program, that
           | NASA regularly proposes reducing the budget and
           | responsibility for (e.g. https://spacenews.com/nasa-budget-
           | proposal-targets-sls/), and Congress regularly rebuffs them
           | and demands SLS.
           | 
           | If Congress passes a budget with $7B in funding specifically
           | for SLS, you can't really blame NASA for spending that money
           | on SLS.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _I think the risk to NASA of assuming the benefits of
         | Starship before it's proven are just too high._
         | 
         | This seems to be a theme of many of Elon Musk's ideas: assume
         | they will work and talk about what a difference it will make.
         | Just look at the media coverage surrounding the Tesla Robot.
         | 
         | So, this stuff is cool and I'm glad it's happening, but there's
         | a ton of capability to prove before any sort of external
         | organizational budget should be allocated to the Starship
         | project. It's still a rough prototype.
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | I think Shotwell keeps Elon away from SpaceX, and that's
           | secret to SpaceX's success compared to Elon's other ventures.
        
             | dane-pgp wrote:
             | Or maybe SpaceX is more successful because improvements in
             | that industry are easier to achieve and the technology of
             | the competition is relatively primitive. I mean, it's not
             | exactly brain surgery.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | >I think once Starship has proven itself capable of deliver on
         | its promises, you'll see NASA changing its approach radically
         | in the manner the author describes.
         | 
         | Like how SLS has proven itself?
        
         | bvogelzang wrote:
         | I have to agree with you here. Given NASA's position it has to
         | wait and see how successful Starship will be. NASA cannot
         | afford to lose ground financially, politically, or publicly if
         | they bet on Starship only for there to be issues with it down
         | the line. They're not the owners of this tech which gives them
         | time and flexibility to wait for the right moment to capitalize
         | on it.
         | 
         | I can only assume they are internally very excited at the
         | prospect of what Starship can be to them in the future but that
         | can't be fully expressed if something out of their control has
         | not been fully proven. They _will_ jump on this as soon as the
         | risk is outweighed by the benefit which, as the author argues,
         | is in the process of happening.
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | The author trots out the "$10,000 a pound" launch cost which is
         | really indicative of the overall quality of the article.
         | 
         | For non-Space Wonks, the "$10,000/lb" to orbit number was the
         | rough cost of launching some payload _on the Space Shuttle_ to
         | orbit. Costs for the Space Shuttle were basically NASA 's
         | entire manned spaceflight budget divided by the number of
         | Shuttle launches performed in a year. It's not just a naive
         | number it's wholly misleading.
         | 
         | No/few commercial space launch approach $10k/lb. It's a
         | meaningless number for any discussion of launch costs since the
         | Space Shuttle is retired and was not a commercial launch
         | vehicle anyways. Even the most expensive ULA rockets aren't
         | even close to that price.
         | 
         | If you're going to talk about space launch capabilities and
         | bring up stupid numbers it impacts your credibility.
        
         | spacemark wrote:
         | As someone who has worked on NASA contracts pretty much my
         | whole career, you're quite right. Starship is _still_ extremely
         | unproven. If you look at the history of rockets, mayyyybe 1 in
         | 5 that make it to an orbital launch debut (which is like 1 in
         | 50 paper rockets) in turn make it to commercial rollout.
         | 
         | The author's claim that the potential benefits of Starship are
         | not understood by NASA is cringeworthy naive. Everyone at NASA
         | is rooting for SpaceX but they have been burned many times by
         | the promises of the next shiny rocket: DC-X, VentureStar, NASP,
         | Ares, SLS, hell even the shuttle despite its "success" only
         | fulfilled a small fraction of the desired results.
         | 
         | Makes me wonder how old the author is.
        
           | JulianMorrison wrote:
           | It seems a little unfair to compare a program with flying
           | test vehicles and production already in progress, with flying
           | Powerpoints that got cancelled because you can't make a
           | cryogenic hydrogen tank out of scrith.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > The author's claim that the potential benefits of Starship
           | are not understood by NASA is cringeworthy naive.
           | 
           | > Makes me wonder how old the author is.
           | 
           | The author works for JPL.
           | 
           | > Starship is still extremely unproven. If you look at the
           | history of rockets, mayyyybe 1 in 5 that make it to an
           | orbital launch debut (which is like 1 in 50 paper rockets) in
           | turn make it to commercial rollout.
           | 
           | How many of these had 10+ prototypes fly and had a dedicate
           | launch site near to complete?
           | 
           | How many had a working next generation engine for there first
           | and second stage?
           | 
           | How many were designed by companies that had already
           | developed the largest rocket in the world?
           | 
           | > burned many times by the promises of the next shiny rocket:
           | DC-X, VentureStar, NASP, Ares, SLS,
           | 
           | Non of those were even remotely close. DC-X was a sub-orbital
           | technology demonstrator. Even had it been successful it would
           | have been nothing more. NASP is another technology
           | demonstrator.
           | 
           | VentureStar was far, far away. Comparing it to Starship is
           | just not accurate. It was basically almost delusional to
           | think it would ever happen. And many people even back then
           | were very skeptical of a SSTO Spaceplane. And beyond that
           | politically it getting the needed funding was also not gone
           | happen.
           | 
           | Ares, SLS are basically just warmed up shuttle concepts.
           | These are designed to keep contractors employed, not to solve
           | the problem. They no potential to solve anything.
        
             | spacemark wrote:
             | Jeez dude, these were just random programs off the top of
             | my head to illustrate industry distrust of launch vehicle
             | promises. My comment wasn't meant to initiate a debate but
             | offer the perspective of someone who is quite literally
             | writing proposals about launch vehicle selection for NASA
             | missions. But hey, you can read Wikipedia, so...
             | 
             | In any case to those reasonable out there, don't worry. If
             | SpaceX can prove reliable launch to orbit and deliver on
             | their promises, change will come. It's kind of silly to
             | write articles about how everyone should change the way
             | they operate NOW because change is coming. Of course it's
             | coming, everyone accepts it's likely, and things will move
             | quickly once it does and is proven. What more do the
             | fanboys want!?
        
             | p_j_w wrote:
             | >The author works for JPL.
             | 
             | As a software person. JPL employs over 5000 people. The
             | vast majority of them don't have knowledge of the sort of
             | systems and business dynamics relevant to the matter of
             | NASA using Starship.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _The vast majority of them don 't have knowledge of the
               | sort of systems and business dynamics relevant to ..._
               | 
               | If experience from private sector is any indication,
               | that's usually question of caring. It's not _hard_ to
               | gain such insight from the inside - but you need to walk
               | around a bit, talk to people outside of your team, and
               | most importantly, _pay attention_.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | > Ares, SLS are basically just warmed up shuttle concepts
             | 
             | Not really. They were started before SpaceX proved the idea
             | of reusable boosters. They are a safe Plan-B, using engines
             | and concepts that were already available. It's a shame they
             | decided to improve upon the existing hardware and took much
             | longer than initially expected, but that's what life with
             | rockets used to be before SpaceX showed rapid iteration is
             | a better path.
             | 
             | Also, Congress would be very upset with a bunch of failed
             | launches, but that's also how iterative development works.
        
           | hindsightbias wrote:
           | Maybe not everyone. JSC community strongly opposed much of
           | the ISS rework (they were designing something that required
           | 40 hours of spacewalks a week), opposed Shuttle C (which
           | seemed completely illogical given the work base), and as far
           | as projects like DC-XA... I was in Bldg. 30 watching its
           | amazing flight and when it caught fire and fell over, the
           | combined contractor and MCC staff cheered and broke out in
           | applause.
           | 
           | Perhaps it's changed, but not sure how relevant many of them
           | would be in a Starship world.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | This would be true perhaps if this wasn't SpaceX. _They
           | already moved the goalpost with Falcon_
           | 
           | And I don't think the author wrote what you said. His main
           | point was that not one of NASA's powerpoints even as much
           | acknowledges that something like Starship might come round.
           | The new constraints by Starship are a game changer.
        
             | ARandumGuy wrote:
             | Past success does not guarantee future success. And when
             | you're dealing with space travel, which is inherently
             | expensive and extremely dangerous, then you can't afford to
             | buy into any hype.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | If it was just 'hype' why did NASA select them for HLS?
               | 
               | They had all the data and they officially declared it was
               | very doable and that SpaceX had a path to get there.
               | 
               | So its ok to plan for it but pretend it only exists for
               | that one thing they contracted if for, and ignore if for
               | everything else.
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | > So its ok to plan for it but pretend it only exists for
               | that one thing they contracted if for, and ignore if for
               | everything else.
               | 
               | No one here is saying "NASA should ignore Starship for
               | everything else".
               | 
               | I'm saying that NASA isn't "failing to understand"
               | Starship when they don't push all their chips to the
               | middle of the table on Starship. You can't use the fact
               | that NASA was willing to make a $2.9B bet on Starship as
               | evidence that they should have been willing to go all-in
               | on Starship.
               | 
               | It'd be like saying if you wager me $1,000 on an outcome,
               | then you should also be willing to bet your house on it.
               | That's not how risk works!
               | 
               | Would I personally like to see NASA continue to evaluate
               | and select Starship for future programs? Yes!
               | 
               | Would I personally like to see NASA start kick off early
               | concept-phase work for payloads that would be enabled by
               | Starship? Yes!
               | 
               | Do I think that NASA decided not to completely re-orient
               | everything that they do around Starship _right now_ means
               | they don 't understand Starship? No! Of course not! It
               | means there's too much risk right now around doing that.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | The point is that you have to start to think differently.
               | 
               | Not just have the same circle of programs, selecting a
               | launcher and on.
               | 
               | You need to fundamentally rethink how you approach space.
               | 
               | And there is little evidence of that happening, specially
               | from a leadership standpoint.
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | Sure. And my point is that, for an organization like NASA
               | (which is basically our government's "approach to space")
               | "fundamentally rethinking how you approach space" is
               | basically saying: "fundamentally transform everything
               | about how the organization operates".
               | 
               | Which, if Starship delivers on its promises (and I'm
               | quite optimistic and hopeful that it will!), then NASA
               | _will_ have to fundamentally transform everything about
               | how the organization operates.
               | 
               | But that's a _huge_ transition to make on the back of a
               | program that hasn 't proven its key value proposition
               | yet. I'm happy for NASA to wait the extra 2-3 years for
               | Starship to _prove_ that it can deliver on its promises,
               | before NASA commits to a reorganization and restructuring
               | at such a fundamental level.
               | 
               | If NASA commits to such a restructuring _now_ , and in 2
               | years we learn that Starship's economic dream fails to
               | materialize and the program ends up as an improvement
               | (but an ordinary one) over Falcon 9. NASA how has to
               | unwind all of that organization restructuring and program
               | development. It seems...wise to me for NASA to wait a
               | handful of years to see Starship prove itself before
               | committing to such a transition.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > "fundamentally transform everything about how the
               | organization operates".
               | 
               | Its more about starting to thinking on how to do that.
               | And initiate some trail projects that take a different
               | approach.
               | 
               | At the moment, in most parts of NASA its simply ignored.
               | That Starship launch system got funded is more of an
               | accidental byproduct of the HLS.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _But that 's a huge transition to make on the back of a
               | program that hasn't proven its key value proposition
               | yet._
               | 
               | The article agrees! Author's point, as I read it, is that
               | if NASA does not plan for the transition now, then by the
               | time Starship "has proven its key value proposition",
               | both NASA and its usual contractors will be out of the
               | game, as a new breed of private companies takes over most
               | of space activity. The author doesn't expect NASA to bet
               | on Starship, but rather to at least make some internal
               | noises and initial movements towards that transition -
               | but he failed to find any indication of that for the past
               | 2 years.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Exactly, the could keep a small budget aside already to
               | do feasibility studies, along the lines of "instead of
               | 50T a year, what and how do we approach the ability to
               | shift 100,200T etc, to the moon?"
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | If they were trying something genuinely new - like
               | falling out of orbit and making a propulsive upright
               | landing of a wingless booster - then some skepticism
               | would be justified.
               | 
               | But what's new in Starship?
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | > But what's new in Starship?
               | 
               | The planned recovery mechanism (the aerodynamic fall,
               | with a very late righting maneuver and landing) is still
               | quite new. They've successfully tested it once (which is
               | great!), but the Starship concept really hinges on that
               | being an extremely high reliability maneuver.
               | 
               | I would argue that, until SpaceX can demonstrate that
               | landing maneuver is high reliability, that the Starship
               | concept isn't proven.
               | 
               | I say this as a _massive_ fan of Starship, and someone
               | who is _extremely_ excited by the promises of Starship of
               | they come to fruition.
        
               | humanwhosits wrote:
               | They can take the mass penalty of performing a large re-
               | entry burn to reduce heat-load and land falcon9-style. It
               | would mean _much_ less mass to orbit, but the cost
               | savings of reusing the vehicles would still be there.
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | Except that one of the Starship's big new things is
               | refuelling in orbit.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Propulsive landing of an orbital stage is pretty new.
               | 
               | (You can make an argument for Soyuz's just-before-landing
               | rockets, but it wouldn't be a fair one.)
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | Okay, I'll grant you that. Not a huge step from what they
               | already do, but it is a step.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Given the uncertainty around heat tiles (and the impact
               | on rapid turnaround) plus the sheer size of the rocket,
               | it seems like a huge step to this ignorant observer.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | Orbital flight vs suborbital flight is a bigger step then
               | you might think. For orbital flights the vehicle is
               | traveling at least 28,000 km/h where as to reach 125
               | miles above Earth, a suborbital vehicle only needs 6,000
               | km/h. This can dramatically effect the survivability on
               | reentry. Orbital and sub orbital flights are very
               | different.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Propulsive landing of an orbital stage is pretty new.
               | 
               | It is, but those are largely separate features. Each half
               | of that combo has been done, and combining them doesn't
               | cause any massive engineering conflicts.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | No one has, to my knowledge, de-orbited a spacecraft
               | _ready to launch again immediately_ , which is where Musk
               | thinks Starship is headed. That's a big jump.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | _That_ is, yes, but jumping that hurdle doesn 't really
               | matter if the landing is propulsive or not.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | Nitpick: the booster does not achieve orbit. If it did it
               | would need a heat shield like the upper stage.
               | 
               | What's new in Starship? Rapid turnaround. Catching the
               | returning rocket with the launch tower. A durable heat
               | shield that needs zero refurbishment for back-to-back
               | flights. The sheer number of engines on the first stage
               | and the volume of engine production needed for that.
               | Orbital refueling. The landing flip maneuver.
               | 
               | There _is_ a lot of new stuff in Starship, and not all of
               | it is proven yet. Personally I think the biggest
               | remaining risk is the heat shield. I 'm no expert, but my
               | speculation is that there will be several reentry
               | failures, and refurbishment will limit turnaround speed
               | for a long time. I've also heard a lot of people saying
               | that orbital refueling will be very difficult. I'm also
               | worried that landing failures will wreck the ground
               | support equipment. And I think it's very unlikely that
               | the reliability of the whole system can ever be good
               | enough for the airliner-like earth-to-earth passenger
               | service that SpaceX has proposed.
               | 
               | All that said, I'm very much in agreement with the
               | article that NASA needs to radically change their future
               | plans, because while Starship is not completely proven,
               | it is clearly derisked to the point where it's going to
               | be revolutionary, even if some of the above risks prevent
               | the total potential from being realized. HLS was the
               | first time NASA showed that they realize this, but they
               | are still doing tons of stuff outside HLS that makes
               | little sense in a Starship world.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Even for some reason Starship can not return in its early
               | development, it still triumphs SLS by a wide, wide
               | margin.
        
             | ncallaway wrote:
             | > His main point was that not one of NASA's powerpoints
             | even as much acknowledges that something like Starship
             | might come round
             | 
             | That's just not true, though. NASA awarded the HLS program
             | solely to SpaceX as a Starship lander. The Source Selection
             | Statement of that program (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/defau
             | lt/files/atoms/files/option-...) discusses the benefits and
             | drawbacks of Starship in good detail.
             | 
             | It seems wild to claim that NASA doesn't acknowledge that
             | Starship might come around, when they're paying SpaceX
             | specifically for the Starship program, for moon landings
             | with Starship in 2024 (I think we all know that date will
             | slip, but that's the official plan).
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Author mentions HLS contract, but their argument is that
               | it's not taking any advantage of economies offered by
               | Starship. It's like a 10th century trader took an offer
               | to use modern long-haul trucks at a fraction of what they
               | pay for horse and cart transport, but failed to update
               | the business to take advantage of the improved range,
               | speed, reliability and cargo capacity.
               | 
               | The argument is potent particularly because space mission
               | architectures are designed primarily around constraints
               | of the space launch systems, so choosing Starship as the
               | launch vehicle seems to merit a large expansion in scope,
               | if not total redesign of the program.
        
         | fasteddie31003 wrote:
         | I'm not sure that NASA designs much. JPL designs and builds
         | most of the probes launched by NASA. JPL is an anomaly in the
         | Federal Government where it gets good results. It would be
         | interesting to look into how JPL does so well relative to other
         | agencies and contractors such as Boeing (which is a national
         | embarrassment).
        
           | jacobr1 wrote:
           | JPL employees are actually private employees of CalTech not
           | federal employees.
        
           | basementcat wrote:
           | JPL is the only NASA center that is staffed by non civil
           | servants and managed (under contract) by a private
           | organization (Caltech). By law this gives them certain
           | flexibility that other NASA centers aren't afforded (e.g.
           | Caltech has lobbyists in Washington DC). It may make more
           | sense to categorize JPL with other Federally Funded Research
           | and Development Centers such as Johns Hopkins Applied Physics
           | Laboratory.
        
           | Loic wrote:
           | People with passion. JPL people were/are (and I hope will
           | continue to be) believer in the purpose of what they are
           | doing.
        
             | aero-glide2 wrote:
             | Interestingly, the author himself works for JPL.
        
         | dr_orpheus wrote:
         | I think part of the point that the author misses is that while
         | designing a spacecraft for a Starship launch does remove a lot
         | of the constraints there is not the infrastructure to take
         | advantage of that (yet).
         | 
         | There have been some preliminary studies on spacecraft that
         | could take advantage of a Starship launch capability, but we
         | currently can't transport a spacecraft that large over the
         | road. It would most likely have to be transported by ship from
         | the manufacturing facility to the launch site. Additionally,
         | new test facilities like thermal vacuum chambers, acoustic
         | cells and anechoic chambers would likely have to be created to
         | handle the large spacecraft that a Starship could enable. And
         | NASA is not going to make that investment until there is a
         | higher probability of the Starship succeeding.
         | 
         | Those in the industry are pretty cautious about Elon's
         | promises. Back in 2011, SpaceX advertised that the first Falcon
         | heavy flight was going to be in 2013 [0], but the demo flight
         | didn't occur until 2018, with the first launch of an actual
         | payload in 2019.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.reuters.com/article/space-business-rocket-
         | idUSN0...
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > Those in the industry are pretty cautious about Elon's
           | promises. Back in 2011, SpaceX advertised that the first
           | Falcon heavy flight was going to be in 2013 [0], but the demo
           | flight didn't occur until 2018, with the first launch of an
           | actual payload in 2019.
           | 
           | This is misleading. SpaceX pushed Falcon 9 so much that it
           | actually reached the targeted Falcon Heavy payload years
           | before that. Many early Falcon Heavy costumers launched on
           | Falcon 9.
           | 
           | There was very little market for Falcon Heavy and the main
           | costumer was DoD and their launch was scheduled for pretty
           | late.
           | 
           | The simply didn't work on Falcon Heavy until Falcon 9 was at
           | the end of its evolution and they had figured out re-
           | usability. However the end result was more then double as
           | powerful then the version announced in 2013.
        
             | dr_orpheus wrote:
             | But what was supposed to be the first launch of the Falcon
             | Heavy (USAF STP-2) was initially scheduled for March 2017.
             | So maybe 2013 to 2019 isn't fair to compare, but 2017 to
             | 2019 is still launching 2 years late.
             | 
             | This is not to say that what SpaceX is doing isn't
             | incredible. But I get frustrated when articles like this
             | take the promises of things like "<$10m per launch, and up
             | to thousands of launches per year" as an absolute truth.
             | 
             | Edit: Had the original contracted launch date for the STP-2
             | mission wrong
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | That is fair, but in the space world that is not so much.
               | I mean even if it is 10x more expensive and 3 years
               | later, changing the approach is still needed sooner
               | rather then later.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Conversely, I get kind of frustrated when people take
               | "Elon time" as an argument that SpaceX can't deliver on
               | what it promised. It does deliver. Just a year or three
               | late. Given the amount of transformation they're causing,
               | compared to previous 30 years of developments in space
               | industry, these kinds of delays are irrelevant. It's like
               | considering a million dollar software project a failure
               | just because a couple sprints run a week late.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | When your primary customer says that they will never man-rate
           | your rocket, as NASA's administrator Bolden did, it's more
           | surprising that they actually went on to finish Falcon Heavy
           | than that it was late.
        
             | dr_orpheus wrote:
             | Yeah, that's fair. But the original first operational
             | launch of the Falcon Heavy (USAF STP-2) was to help certify
             | it for the National Security Space Launch. So one of their
             | main targets was to get classified business that was going
             | to the Delta Heavy rockets. So I don't know how much/little
             | NASAs planned use of the Falcon Heavy affected their
             | decision.
        
         | JulianMorrison wrote:
         | They're happy enough to put all their eggs in the even more
         | untried SLS basket.
         | 
         | I've read that the fundamental problem for NASA is that they
         | are a political football. They have at most 8 years of one
         | administration before the next comes in, and Congress can
         | change hands several times even in that span. As such, the only
         | way to create a program that won't be announced to great
         | fanfare one year and cancelled the next, is to make it out of
         | solid, Congressional grade pork. Which would be SLS. Since
         | nobody benefits by cancelling it, it won't be cancelled. Even
         | if it becomes an obsolete and ridiculous white elephant.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > to make it out of solid, Congressional grade pork. Which
           | would be SLS. Since nobody benefits by cancelling it,
           | 
           | There are always other people who think 'maybe those Alabama
           | $ could go to Texas instead'.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | SLS pork is spread to all 50 states. Texas gets a good
             | chunk of it. A small fraction of $2B is more than all of
             | $10M.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | NASA budget will not change that much so the money will
               | still be spent. You can compare launch cost like that.
               | 
               | And while it might use all 50 states, in reality the
               | waste majority of money is spend in a very few locations
               | as paying labor is huge part of the cost.
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | The waste is not even a downside.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | Yeah if starship gets to orbit and lands both stages, NASA will
         | start talking about it more. At the moment brief static fire
         | tests still knock off multiple heat tiles. Still a long way
         | from knowing it will be viable for humans to fly on.
        
         | Yizahi wrote:
         | Latest post is more of a continuation of this one:
         | https://caseyhandmer.wordpress.com/2021/03/04/sls-what-now/
         | 
         | I'm going to presume what author thought and quote him:
         | 
         | ------
         | 
         | What does NASA do with teams that cost a few billion dollars a
         | year to feed and whose main expertise is building rockets and
         | space probes whose entire architectural philosophy is
         | threatened by current launch costs, let alone the order of
         | magnitude improvement that's in the pipeline?
         | 
         | The Perseverance Mars rover cost $2.4 billion, which works out
         | to a few thousand salaries for just under a decade. Thousands
         | of people are needed to build this rover because landing stuff
         | on Mars is so hard that subsystem masses must be tracked to a
         | tenth of a gram, on a system that weighs a tonne. The whole
         | thing is meticulously handcrafted from custom silicon, PCBs,
         | titanium tubes, motors, cameras, and other awe-inspiring
         | instruments. Starship will be able to land 100 of them per
         | flight. Now what? How can NASA feed a team that makes one
         | feather light rover per decade for a billion dollars if the
         | demand just jumped by a factor of a thousand and the unit cost
         | fell by the same amount? Set up a production line? Work out how
         | to make them with a team of ten? Build one every two weeks?
         | 
         | In short, in a world where SLS's ongoing failure is justified
         | and/or ignored while Starship races towards transformational
         | capabilities, NASA needs to think very deeply about its place
         | in a human spaceflight program that appears poised to proceed
         | without NASA at its center.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | So the point is it seems to be a question - what is NASA
         | planning to do AT ALL in the world where Starship is flying?
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | "Starship will be able to land 100 of them per flight. Now
           | what?"
           | 
           | Starship cannot deliver 100 tonnes to mars, only to LEO. The
           | rover was not just a ton, it came with a heatshield and other
           | machinery.
           | 
           | Nasa has plenty of other projects, like the SAFE nuclear
           | reactor, and I am sure these teams will be delighted to do
           | something other than track every milligram
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Starship with refueling is designed for 100 tones to Mars.
             | Actually if you do the math it can be even more.
             | 
             | > The rover was not just a ton, it came with a heatshield
             | and other machinery.
             | 
             | Great and that was thrown away and didn't add anything to
             | the mission. The actual payload is 1 ton.
             | 
             | > Nasa has plenty of other projects, like the SAFE nuclear
             | reactor, and I am sure these teams will be delighted to do
             | something other than track every milligram
             | 
             | If they allow them to not work that way. That the whole
             | point.
             | 
             | I know for a fact the the people who work on Kilopower are
             | really exited for their reactors to potentially power
             | future Mars base and they really want to be allowed to
             | build larger versions.
        
           | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
           | Probably make more custom satellites for scientific projects.
           | There's an infinite amount of such work to be done.
        
         | shalmanese wrote:
         | In the days of steam powered factories, a central power plant
         | was used to drive belts that would power various machines. More
         | power intensive machines were sited near the central power
         | plant to maximize efficiency and parts were moved to where the
         | machines were.
         | 
         | Electrification allowed the replacement of belts with motors
         | but machines were expensive so they were upgraded in place and
         | electricity was thought of as just steam, but less messy and
         | cheaper.
         | 
         | It took several decades into electrification before people
         | fully wrapped their heads around: a) many small motors didn't
         | cost more than one big motor and you should redesign your
         | machines so that the motors were where they made sense and b)
         | now that machines could be placed anywhere, you should design
         | your factories so that the machines were in the path of the
         | parts.
         | 
         | Sometimes, quantitative changes become qualitative changes and
         | you need to start from a clean sheet because all of the
         | existing received wisdom stemmed from obsolete assumptions. It
         | takes a while for this process to happen because we don't fully
         | know how all of our assumptions stack on top of each other and
         | we resist the change because our power/identities rest on
         | elements of the status quo.
         | 
         | Disruption theory is premised on upstarts recognizing
         | opportunities that incumbents are structurally unable to
         | exploit because they derive too much benefit from the old
         | status quo.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | I agree with all of this.
           | 
           | I think Starship, if it pans out, will be exactly as
           | disruptive as the author of the post thinks it will be. I'm
           | very very much hoping that is the case.
           | 
           | And if it delivers on its promises, it _will_ be a
           | revolutionary change in how we think about space exploration,
           | space tourism, space manufacturing, and other things.
           | 
           | But, I strongly suspect that many very smart people at NASA
           | _also_ understand this. And that the reason NASA isn 't
           | retooling everything that they do around Starship has more to
           | do with the risk of that future not panning out, and less to
           | do with the people at NASA not understanding that there's a
           | massive economic change at hand if Starship delivers.
           | 
           | > Disruption theory is premised on upstarts recognizing
           | opportunities that incumbents are structurally unable to
           | exploit because they derive too much benefit from the old
           | status quo.
           | 
           | Yes! Exactly! The old space industries (and NASA) derive
           | significant benefit from the status quo, and fully
           | transitioning to the new system _risks_ many those current
           | benefits in the event that the new system fails to
           | materialize.
           | 
           | For someone like NASA, they have many resources, so betting
           | _everything_ on a 95% chance of success may be a _bad_ bet.
           | While a start-up that has very little status quo resources,
           | it 's a _really really really_ good bet.
           | 
           | However, I have a problem in characterizing that as "not
           | understanding" the opportunity. NASA, and plenty of old space
           | companies can _recognize_ and _understand_ the opportunity,
           | while it 's still a bad bet for them to make at the current
           | development point we're at.
           | 
           | It's more a matter of strategic risk, and current
           | positionining. An organization like NASA isn't in a good
           | position to bet the farm on Starship yet, even if they fully
           | understand the benefits of the bet if they knew the bet would
           | pay off.
        
             | shalmanese wrote:
             | GP isn't advocating that NASA throw away everything and bet
             | the farm on Starship. They're saying that there needs to
             | institutional acknowledgement that what's possibly coming
             | is a qualitative, not quantitative shift and open up the
             | intellectual space to explore what that means.
             | 
             | What happens when launch costs are $10,000/kg, $1000/kg,
             | $100/kg? What things that we're doing still make sense,
             | what doesn't? Who could be a player that isn't a player
             | now. It's going to happen some day, even if it doesn't
             | happen tomorrow, but it's looking like it's increasingly
             | about to happen tomorrow from a NASA timeline perspective.
             | 
             | NASA is in the business of futuristic speculation, they
             | develop plans for hypothetical future propulsion systems or
             | life support systems or missions and draw out the vision
             | for the future. But like any organization, making plans for
             | what's politically palatable is always easier than
             | politically unpalatable and Casey is merely pointing out
             | that lower launch costs appear based on public actions to
             | be very politically unpalatable and thus, an institutional
             | blind spot.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | Launch costs are not the end-all be-all of space
               | exploration/exploitation. There are a large number of
               | extremely difficult problems to solve beyond just
               | throwing shit into space.
               | 
               | 1. None of the current public Starship designs include
               | payload doors. So none of these are in any way useful as
               | launch vehicles for orbital payloads. Payload doors a
               | huge structural weakness and requires a lot of
               | engineering effort. None of the current public Starship
               | designs have an obvious "payload doors go here". A
               | Starship-based delivery vehicle will likely be a separate
               | design from the manned vehicle.
               | 
               | 2. In-orbit refueling is not just an unsolved problem
               | it's a largely unexplored problem. Moving fuel between
               | two vehicles in free-fall is going to be a monumental
               | challenge. You'll basically be running the same pump
               | mechanisms you'd use for the rocket motors but feeding
               | into a flexible umbilical between vehicles. Starships are
               | huge so you're talking about docking two huge vehicles
               | (one of which is nearly empty of fuel for maneuvers),
               | connecting an umbilical between them, pumping fuel
               | through the umbilical (in free-fall), then undocking and
               | the two go their merry ways. None of that has been done
               | and involves hundreds of individual challenges.
               | 
               | 3. Musk (not necessarily SpaceX engineers) is making
               | grand promises about the turn around time for Starships.
               | I think they're wildly unrealistic. A large vehicle
               | undergoing a lot of extreme dynamic forces in a flight is
               | going to need a lot of examination before it can be
               | safely relaunched. SpaceX is likely going to need to
               | construct hundreds of Starships to maintain anywhere
               | close to the promised cadence of launches. The manpower
               | to refit vehicles is going to be expensive. There's a big
               | difference between reusing a booster core and a vehicle
               | that had to survive orbital reentry.
               | 
               | 4. Even if launch costs were hundreds of dollars per
               | kilogram it doesn't make any other aspects of spaceflight
               | less challenging. If you send people somewhere they need
               | their vehicle and life support launched with them. A
               | broken toilet can still kill the crew. Just because it
               | was cheaper to launch doesn't mean you get to scrimp on
               | other expenses. The Space Shuttle was expensive not
               | because of the marginal cost of the launch itself but the
               | operations/personnel costs of the Shuttle program.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | > SpaceX is likely going to need to construct hundreds of
               | Starships to maintain anywhere close to the promised
               | cadence of launches.
               | 
               | That's always been the plan. Even in the original 2016
               | presentation featuring the considerably larger
               | Interplanetary Transport System that got scaled down to
               | become what's now known as Starship and Superheavy, the
               | plan was to churn them out en masse to make it possible
               | to make the most of each Earth-Mars transit window.
               | 
               | Starships and all the parts that comprise them are
               | designed to be mass produced and treated as cattle rather
               | than pets.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | Producing a bunch of units is a small part of the system
               | cost. Starships will need to be inspected and refurbished
               | between flights (high personnel cost). Launch sites need
               | infrastructure to support that launch cadence as well.
               | That means clean room storage, fuel production/storage,
               | housing, and adequate roads/rail/ports for surface
               | transport. Launches also have regulatory requirements
               | like clearing of airspace and potential downrange landing
               | areas.
               | 
               | Their own deliveries of fuel and client payloads will be
               | delayed from the airspace and downrange surface exclusion
               | zones.
               | 
               | Once you've got vehicles in space you'll need 24/7
               | monitoring and management. Even if mission control teams
               | are relatively small the only way you'll be able to
               | safely manage a large number of missions will be with a
               | large number of teams.
               | 
               | The personnel and infrastructure costs will put a cap on
               | the number of Starship launches SpaceX will ever be able
               | to manage. The costs of _those_ will push up the costs
               | beyond Musk 's low-ball fantasy promises.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | In other words, NASA doesn't want to move fast and break
         | things.
        
           | thereisnospork wrote:
           | Considering the history of rocket development can be pretty
           | fairly summarized as '[intelligently] breaking things' that
           | seems a counter-productive design philosophy.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | NASA just announced that they want to spend $1B per launch for
         | SLS once a year until 2050. For a capability less than what
         | SpaceX might provide for $10M.
         | 
         | That's not sensible risk management, that's head in the sand
         | denialism.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/10/nasa-wants-to-buy-sl...
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | It's not like they're paying the 2050 launch costs up front.
           | 
           | If Starship succeeds, expect SLS to get quietly relegated
           | after a few token launches.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | This is beyond insane and wont happen. Once Starhip flies
           | even the last politicans can be cornered to admit to kill
           | this ridiculous rocket.
        
             | yokem55 wrote:
             | No, there will be one excuse after another. Starship isn't
             | human rated and only Orion is rated for human deep space
             | flight. So something else will still be needed to launch
             | Orion to that lunar trajectory. That something else is SLS.
             | 
             | Now the obvious solution is to rate Dragon for deep space
             | and launch humans in that on a falcon and have it meet up
             | with a starship in LEO. But getting that will probably take
             | more years and billions paid to to the Orion and SLS POR
             | before it will actually come to pass.
             | 
             | Never underestimate the power of a self-licking ice cream
             | cone.
        
           | onepointsixC wrote:
           | While I have much dislike for SLS, there is just no way in
           | hell SpaceX will charge $10M for a launch. SpaceX have their
           | own goals which they need funds for and they're not going to
           | under cut their Falcon 9 that intensely like that. That's not
           | to say that Starship won't be the best price per ton of
           | payload to orbit. But let's stay reasonable here.
           | 
           | As for NASA remaining with SLS, for now at least, is due to a
           | mix of congressional support, and the remaining unproven
           | nature of starship. SLS allows members of congress say that
           | they're supporting jobs. While SpaceX is pushing the limits
           | of space engineering, Boeing and many other contractors have
           | pushing the limits of political engineering. Hence the result
           | that the same company that took us to the moon can't get into
           | orbit, but is still maintaining contracts in spite of
           | screwing up everything.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Even with Starship not existing SLS is a mistake.
             | 
             | It doesn't do anything that you can't do in other ways. We
             | already have distrusted rocket launch.
             | 
             | SLS is holding the moon architecture hostage. There is
             | simply no need for it.
        
             | JulianMorrison wrote:
             | > they're not going to under cut their Falcon 9 that
             | intensely
             | 
             | Once Starship is tried and tested, I strongly suspect they
             | will flat out deprecate Falcon. Fly the missions that have
             | been paid and scheduled, and then bin them.
        
           | dangerbird2 wrote:
           | The problem is that for Starship to hit that $10M price
           | point, SpaceX will have to demonstrate several as of yet
           | unproven capabilities: In-space refueling (required for any
           | missions outside LEO), safe and reliable re-entry from orbit,
           | and fast turnaround for Starship to be launch-ready after
           | landing. The last thing NASA needs is a glorified Space
           | Shuttle 2.0 that takes months to be rebuilt after each re-
           | entry, and has the constant risk of the crew burning up on
           | re-entry. Fortunately, it's looking increasingly less likely
           | that this will be the case, but NASA is right to not put all
           | of its eggs in the Starship basket.
           | 
           | For what its worth, if Starship does succeed in being a cheap
           | and re-usable super-heavy launcher, NASA can always just stop
           | making SLS (presumably after giving the senators for Alabama
           | sufficiently large bribes) and switch to Starship for super-
           | heavy launches.
        
             | dr_orpheus wrote:
             | Even with SpaceX's accomplishments in dramatically reducing
             | launch costs, the $10M price point is still insane. The
             | Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy advertised prices are ~$50
             | million and $90 million per launch. The actual launches and
             | mission management for any more custom launch tend to push
             | those prices to almost double. So to assume that a much
             | larger as yet unproven rocket with launch for $10M seems
             | quite out of range with the others. Even if $10M ends up
             | being the material cost, SpaceX will still be recouping
             | their development cost which is significant. Development of
             | the Falcon 9 was $1.6 billion [0] and I think we can assume
             | Starship will be more than that.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/586023main_8-3-11_NAFCOM.pdf
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | Falcon9 still throws away the second stage every time.
               | 
               | The idea of Starship being $10M is that it's fully
               | reusable, so your marginal cost is only
               | fuel/maintenance/launch.
        
               | dr_orpheus wrote:
               | Okay, according to Elon [0] the cost (to SpaceX) of a
               | refurbished Falcon 9 is $15 million, $10 million of which
               | is the upper stage as you say is not re-usable. So $5M
               | for everything else for a rocket that gets 18k lbs to
               | Low-earth-orbit. If we scale that up to the Starship
               | (220k lbs to LEO) then lets estimate a re-use/refurb cost
               | of $61M.
               | 
               | So if a Falcon 9 costs $50M to launch, then 70% of that
               | cost is SpaceX profit/recouping its design cost. Starship
               | is supposed to be even more re-usable so lets assume that
               | they only need 30% of the launch cost for recouping
               | design costs/profit. This would be $87M/launch
               | 
               | So my really aggressive estimate is still almost an order
               | of magnitude higher, which is why I am doubtful. Lets
               | also remember that SpaceX got $396M from NASA for the
               | development of Falcon 9 and Dragon [1]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.elonx.net/how-much-does-it-cost-to-
               | launch-a-reus...
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_9#Conception_and
               | _fundin...
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | It's a mistake to assume the marginal cost scales
               | linearly with payload. Fuel will (ish), but many other
               | costs are fixed per launch.
               | 
               | I'd argue your estimate is not aggressive. SpaceX
               | continues to claim an eventual marginal cost in the high
               | 7 to low 8 figures per launch. I'm inclined to believe
               | that deep analysis over a back-of-the-comment Fermi
               | estimate.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Even if you assume only basic first stage re-usability
             | (that is well proven). That is still a 200-ton to Orbit
             | launcher for the cost of a Falcon 9 or cheaper.
             | 
             | And for what it is worth, SLS should be canceled no matter
             | if Starship exists or not. Its a program that embodies
             | everything bad about the modern space industry and space
             | policy.
        
               | tehbeard wrote:
               | Several problems with that.
               | 
               | One, it's Congress' baby.. ain't noone taking it out
               | behind the barn.
               | 
               | Second, you need redundancy. If something is proven bad
               | with falcon or starship design... You don't want another
               | situation like we had with the shuttles where your paying
               | for Soyuz seats for years on end while the problem is
               | debugged and mitigated.
               | 
               | Iirc, NASA is trying to shift SLS production to the
               | private sector, to try and "get rid" of this ugly
               | duckling.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > Second, you need redundancy.
               | 
               | No you don't. Just as there was no redundancy for Saturn
               | V. As there is not for Falcon Heavy. There was no
               | redundancy for Delta 4 Heavy. There is always a largest
               | rocket.
               | 
               | And if you do need redundancy, SLS is not how you would
               | get there.
               | 
               | If Starship doesn't work, then there will simply be no
               | moon landing. Period.
               | 
               | > Iirc, NASA is trying to shift SLS production to the
               | private sector, to try and "get rid" of this ugly
               | duckling.
               | 
               | That is just contract mombo jumbo that changes nothing
               | about the actual project.
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | > That is still a 200-ton to Orbit launcher for the cost
               | of a Falcon 9 or cheaper.
               | 
               | If they can't prove rapid reusability for both stages,
               | it's extremely unlikely the cost will be anywhere close
               | to as cheap as current estimates. And if they can't
               | refuel in orbit (which as of now, has only been performed
               | a handful of times with small satellites), Starship will
               | be unable to leave Earth's gravity well.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | The current estimate is 2M or maybe 10M.
               | 
               | If the first stage is reusable, having a cargo launcher
               | second stage that is none, reusable can be done for 30M.
               | 
               | First stage reuse is wall proven already.
               | 
               | > Starship will be unable to leave Earth's gravity well.
               | 
               | If its not reusable you can use it like any upper stage
               | and it could launch anything anywhere you want.
               | 
               | > And if they can't refuel in orbit (which as of now, has
               | only been performed a handful of times with small
               | satellites)
               | 
               | The physics is well understood. We do it constantly with
               | non cryogenics.
               | 
               | I really think this is overrated in how much of a
               | technology risk this is. Specially if you have enough
               | weight that you can invest in the solution.
        
               | zardo wrote:
               | > I really think this is overrated in how much of a
               | technology risk this is. Specially if you have enough
               | weight that you can invest in the solution.
               | 
               | Refueling is a schedule risk, maybe the first design will
               | fail to account for something and it will take a couple
               | iterations to get it right. There is zero risk that the
               | problem is unsolvable.
        
             | baggachipz wrote:
             | > NASA is right to not put all of its eggs in the Starship
             | basket.
             | 
             | The problem is that not only are they not putting _any_
             | eggs into the Starship basket, they aren 't even aware (or
             | admitting) that the basket even exists.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | Citation needed; they are aware, and admitting is down to
               | the PR department. Can't have a government branch openly
               | express support to a corporate party that easily.
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | A big reason why they selected SpaceX's proposal to use a
               | variation on Starship as the Artemis lunar lander is for
               | NASA to start subsidizing Starship's development.
        
               | stohk wrote:
               | The SpaceX HLS bid relies on starship working and they
               | won* that award. I think NASA acknowledged the basket and
               | threw 2 billion into it.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | >not putting any eggs into the Starship basket
               | 
               | HLS is a $2.89bn egg they have put in the Starship
               | basket.
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | It doesn't matter if Starship can't do all of these. It
             | will still be likely cheaper and more capable than NASA's
             | SLS, even if it's capable of only launching one time.
             | 
             | Remember, SpaceX is engineering a production line to make
             | Starship, not just prototyping Starshipp.
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | > That is still a 200-ton to Orbit launcher for the cost
               | of a Falcon 9 or cheaper.
               | 
               | [citation needed]
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Look at how fast they can build an upper stage with basic
               | materials and standard welders from the oil industry.
               | 
               | The engine cost is reportedly already under 1M and they
               | are building a huge factory t produce more.
               | 
               | Even under the worst assumption, where I take
               | conservative assumptions and then double them you still
               | end up with cost comparable to Falcon Heavy.
        
           | api wrote:
           | It's a jobs program for Alabama.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | The space museum (also home of the famous Space Camp) in
             | Huntsville, AL sure is pimping it, still. That's the one
             | and only future rocket for USA space flight, one might
             | think if one's only knowledge came from a visit to that
             | museum, rather than a sad zombie project that everyone
             | knows will be badly obsolete by the time it flies. Plus a
             | huge amount of square footage dedicated to advertising for
             | various MIC contractors for stuff that has little or
             | nothing to do with space, and a lot to do with killing
             | people. Super lame. Half of the museum feels like a
             | government contractor trade show, not a museum, which makes
             | sense given where it's located, but doesn't explain why it
             | seems to have a good reputation, as far as space & rocketry
             | museums go.
        
           | ren_engineer wrote:
           | >denialism
           | 
           | more like corruption
        
           | JaimeThompson wrote:
           | I am sure that absent interference from the US House and
           | Senate NASA would say something different but if NASA says
           | too much their stand to have their funding cut.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | > I think the risk to NASA of assuming the benefits of Starship
         | before it's proven are just too high.
         | 
         | I think the risk of not doing so is to high.
         | 
         | And NASA is already relaying on it. They have had all the data
         | and they selected it for Human Landing System. They knew what
         | it required and they were comfortable with it.
         | 
         | > If NASA (or other industry players), assume Starship will
         | deliver the benefits it promises
         | 
         | It doesn't have to deliver on everything to be worth designing
         | for it.
         | 
         | > But that leaves them with no backup plan
         | 
         | Going back what they always did before is the backup plan.
         | 
         | How come wasting 20 billion on SLS is totally reasonable, but
         | risking a few billion on starting with designing for a rocket
         | that doesn't exist isn't.
         | 
         | > I think once Starship has proven itself capable of deliver on
         | its promises, you'll see NASA changing its approach radically
         | in the manner the author describes.
         | 
         | But that will leave a years to decade long gap of actually
         | profiting from it.
         | 
         | > but a different calibration of "risk"
         | 
         | Yes an incredibly conservative one that would have meant the US
         | could never go to the moon.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | I think the author is arguing for NASA to take a cautiously
         | optimist stance on Starship, instead of assuming it won't work
         | at all until it does.
         | 
         | For example, NASA could start allocating a small-ish budget
         | (e.g. 50M$) to design a parallel mission to their Artemis-IV
         | mission that is currently scheduled for 2026 (but will slip)
         | and that should deliver the Gateway i-HAB module to Moon's
         | orbit.
         | 
         | While 50M$ (excluding launch costs) for a mission like this
         | would be lunacy today given the constraints on weight imposed
         | by current rockets, with Starship that would be a sizeable
         | budget to design a much bigger and more useful module.
         | 
         | If by some cut-off date (say 2024) Starship still hasn't proven
         | itself, then scrap that mission, proceed with the original one
         | and the wasted 50M$ will be a rounding error in Artemis-IV
         | budget.
         | 
         | If Starship proves itself before then, scrap the original
         | mission and go with the redesigned Artemis-IV based on
         | Starship. Billions of dollars will be saved (SLS launch cost +
         | at least 2 years worth of development), and we will have a
         | Lunar Gateway 10 years ahead of what we would have had
         | otherwise in terms of capabilities.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | > I think the author is arguing for NASA to take a cautiously
           | optimist stance on Starship, instead of assuming it won't
           | work at all until it does.
           | 
           | NASA _has_ taken a cautiously optimistic stance on Starship.
           | The assignment of the HLS to Starship _and no other provider_
           | was an aggressively optimistic stance from NASA that
           | surprised many of the space industry observers at the time of
           | its announcement. The expectation (and normal NASA behavior)
           | would 've been two assign the HLS to multiple vendors, at a
           | reduced funding level and stretch the timelines out.
           | 
           | So, I'd argue that NASA is already being quite bullish on
           | Starship given the projects and funding that they have
           | available.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | The only way I can reconcile this is political constraints
             | - perhaps they _can 't_ feasibly do what the GP proposes,
             | but they _could_ assign HLS to Starship and have some idea
             | on how to capitalize from it  "unexpectedly" exceeding
             | expectations.
             | 
             | But then, I know nothing about how NASA operates
             | internally.
        
           | dflock wrote:
           | I don't think it's a very big stretch to think that Blue
           | Origin might well sue NASA if they did this.
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | -\\_(tsu)_/- Everyone that loses a contract sues the
             | government. Blue Origin already sued over losing a moon
             | lander contract that didn't even meet the minimum
             | requirements. Airbus sued the Air Force after losing the
             | KC-X contract. I'm sure there are others, but those are
             | just two that immediately popped into mind.
             | 
             | Trying to a void a lawsuit is how you get nonsense like the
             | LCS where the Navy first opened the bids for a single class
             | of ship, and then when it was time to announce the winner,
             | split the contract between Marinette Marine and Austal.
        
               | Voloskaya wrote:
               | > Airbus sued the Air Force after losing the KC-X
               | contract
               | 
               | You have it backward. Airbus won the contract initially.
               | Boeing sued and managed to get the bidding process
               | restarted from scratch. Boeing won that second bid and
               | Airbus decided to not protest, probably because they knew
               | they had 0 chance against Boeing lobbying power in the
               | US.
        
           | pintxo wrote:
           | Isn't the point of most/all big NASA projects to distribute
           | as much money as possible into a specified number of states?
           | Kind a hard then to get political backing to move to a
           | quicker + cheaper project.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | A less cynical person would say that NASA's role is to
             | employ as many highly qualified aerospace workers as
             | feasible to both keep the workforce updated and advancing
             | space applications and to do the things private companies
             | don't want to. Now that it seems SpaceX is willing and able
             | to fulfil part of NASA's mission, maybe it should refocus a
             | bit.
        
       | humanwhosits wrote:
       | The very second that Starship gets to orbit it'll be politically
       | easy for NASA to make a sudden shift
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | It's not just a successful (sub-)orbital test. SpaceX needs to
         | demonstrate re-use. That is essential.
         | 
         | The Angry Astronaut had a video about this where he argues that
         | SpaceX should continue testing Starship to demonstrate
         | reusability. But they can't now that they are committed to not
         | using landing legs: first they need to test the chopsticks with
         | a hopper and a load simulator, then they need to test the
         | chopsticks with a booster and a Starship, and only then can
         | they attempt a landing and re-use.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Damn right, it's not. It's the best shell prompt generator and
       | few use it!
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | I think he's handwaving a bt on how easy "space tractors" are
       | going to be. Caterpillar etc are as fully invested int heir
       | corporate structures and current practices as Kodak and all the
       | other dead companies he mentions were; just because they _could_
       | adapt things with  "vacuum rated bearings" etc doesn't mean they
       | will.
       | 
       | I fear we'll need some legal reforms before we can have "the
       | remainder of human industry" keep up with SpaceX here. They've
       | got Musk's "laws don't apply" card shielding them, or something,
       | to explain how they've managed to innovate this far and this
       | fast. The company that produces a cheap vacuum capable drone
       | tractor won't have that, and will be rendered a wet stain by big
       | competitors before they can get one of their products on a
       | rocket. I expect.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | > They've got Musk's "laws don't apply" card shielding them, or
         | something, to explain how they've managed to innovate this far
         | and this fast.
         | 
         | People will quite literally use any excuse to not give them
         | Musk credit.
         | 
         | Apparently the reason SpaceX can land rockets and build
         | Starship is that they somehow don't follow the law.
         | 
         | It couldn't possible by the the company is well managed, have
         | great engineers and is lead by a great engineer.
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | Beg pardon, no denigration of SpaceX accomplishments intended
           | at all. They've put awesome efforts into getting these
           | awesome results and Musk's celebrity shadows the work of some
           | modern heroes who should be further celebrated.
           | 
           | However, all of that wouldn't have been allowed to succeed,
           | without Musk's unaccountable aura of burrocratic avoidance.
           | In my opinion.
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | I don't see what you mean. The bureaucracy in the last ten
             | years had been supportive of SpaceX.
             | 
             | Yes, SpaceX engineers deserve the credit, and Elon Musk on
             | one or more occasion credited them.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | > without Musk's unaccountable aura of burrocratic
             | avoidance. In my opinion.
             | 
             | Can you tell me exactly what you mean and how it
             | significantly increased their development speed and overall
             | performance?
             | 
             | And can you show that different standards were applied to
             | other space companies.
             | 
             | They did one test launch where the FAA inspector wasn't
             | there. This causes a review of the company by FAA and
             | eventually they were allowed to continue.
             | 
             | The only argument I could see is that somehow other
             | companies would been punished more harshly?
             | 
             | But other then that I really don't see what you mean.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | >They did one test launch where the FAA inspector wasn't
               | there.
               | 
               | You are being deliberately misleading with this
               | statement. You say that as if SpaceX accidentally
               | launched while the inspector was in the bathroom. When in
               | reality the FAA explicitly told SpaceX not to launch
               | BEFORE the launch. And that doing so would be a violation
               | of their launch license. The fact that the FAA reviewed
               | the situation and then allowed to continue kind of proves
               | the parents point.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > When in reality the FAA explicitly told SpaceX not to
               | launch BEFORE the launch. And that doing so would be a
               | violation of their launch license.
               | 
               | I'm looking into this, the details I'm finding are not
               | clear enough for my liking.
               | 
               | The FAA said there was too much shockwave risk based on
               | their weather models, and rejected a request to waive
               | that threshold.
               | 
               | SpaceX's own models said the risk was within limits.
               | 
               | > Minutes before liftoff, an FAA safety inspector
               | speaking on an open phone line warned SpaceX's staff in
               | the launch control room that a launch would violate the
               | company's launch license. SpaceX staff ignored the
               | warning because they "assumed that the inspector did not
               | have the latest information," the SpaceX report said.
               | 
               | So that leaves a very important question in my mind. Was
               | that inspector using their authority to directly deny
               | authorization to the flight, or were they advising spacex
               | that their authorization was _already_ gone because of
               | the weather?
               | 
               | The former is a very big issue, but I'd say the latter is
               | only a moderate issue. Also depending on whose weather
               | models were actually right, but it sounds like it must
               | have been pretty borderline.
               | 
               | > The fact that the FAA reviewed the situation and then
               | allowed to continue kind of proves the parents point.
               | 
               | > FAA investigators couldn't determine whether the SN8
               | license violation was intentional, according to people
               | involved in and briefed on the investigation, speaking on
               | the condition of anonymity.
               | 
               | That sure doesn't sound like it "proves" spacex got
               | special leniency.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > You are being deliberately misleading with this
               | statement.
               | 
               | No, I wasn't. I simply stated he wasn't there, and he
               | wasn't. I didn't imply anything beyond that he wasn't
               | there.
               | 
               | > proves the parents point.
               | 
               | No it doesn't. People violate different things and are
               | allowed to continue to operate. Virgin Orbit was just
               | stopped from operating and had to go threw review.
               | 
               | Doing a review of company and its safety culture is
               | standard procedure.
               | 
               | This is not a human launcher, those have far higher
               | requirements.
               | 
               | Can you actually show that if it wasn't SpaceX, the
               | company would have somehow been stopped from continuing?
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | >No, I wasn't. I simply stated he wasn't there, and he
               | wasn't. I didn't imply anything beyond that he wasn't
               | there.
               | 
               | Honest communication is about more then just making sure
               | your statements a factually correct, context matters.
        
         | blkhawk wrote:
         | I don't know - I think the point is that at Starship costs its
         | cheaper and faster to shoot up a tractor to space than to test
         | it in a vacuum chamber. Especially for longer term tests.
         | 
         | NASA devices have to work right every time the first time. That
         | is because they are not getting replaced in a decade if ever if
         | they fail. With a launch cadence measured in days you can just
         | shoot up a new one or 10.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | If there is a law that prevents Elon Musk from building rockets
         | than I am on the side of whoever breaks it.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | I loved this bit:
         | 
         | > McMaster-Carr already stocks thousands of parts that will
         | work in mines, on oil rigs, and any number of other
         | horrendously corrosive, warranty voiding environments compared
         | to which the vacuum of space is delightfully benign.
         | 
         | Yeah, working underwater means it'll work in space no problem!
        
           | deelowe wrote:
           | It's a bit naive to assume heavy industry doesn't already
           | have solutions to most of environmental challenges in space.
           | I'm constantly surprised by how dismissive high tech is of
           | dinosaur industries.
        
             | ARandumGuy wrote:
             | Heavy industry does not specialize in the environmental and
             | logistical challenges of space. You can't just slap in some
             | oil drilling equipment into your rocket and expect it to
             | perform to the degree you need. Every bit of equipment
             | needs extensive testing, and likely extensive modification
             | as well. That's not cheap, and it's often better to just
             | design something purpose built for space, instead of trying
             | to modify some piece of Earth-based equipment.
        
               | deelowe wrote:
               | Maybe not an entire drilling apparatus but what about the
               | bits? What about bolts and nuts that won't cold weld?
               | Bearings that work in a vacuum? I'm sure there are plenty
               | examples. Going further, what about launch systems?
               | Surely those can mostly be built out of off the shelf
               | parts.
        
           | blkhawk wrote:
           | I don't think it means that you take the underwater parts and
           | use them in space - it means that it was possible to make it
           | work in adverse environments at cheaper than NASA prices.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | I'm trying to conceive a vacuum capable hydraulic cylinder.
             | As someone who has used backhoes to dig in water then
             | helped refurb the cylinders afterwards. I'm not seeing any
             | happy possibilities, myself.
             | 
             | I agree that it should be possible to make things work at
             | cheaper prices than NASA, but that's still a long way from
             | "easy" or "Commercial off the Shelf"
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I'm curious in what ways a industrial cylinder wouldn't
               | be vacuum capable. Pressure shouldn't be a concern. they
               | operate at 5-10,000 PSI above the ambient environment, so
               | an additional 14 PSI differential shouldn't matter.
               | 
               | I'm guessing operating temperatures would be a big
               | concern
               | 
               | What failed in water?
        
               | h2odragon wrote:
               | Corrosion is a concern, all over but especially on the
               | inner cylinder that has to seal. The seals are _probably_
               | OK but they 're important and redo them anyway when its
               | open. The fluid _will_ pick up some water and thats a
               | whole hydraulic system flush, once you get  "too much".
               | 
               | Then you've got bearings and grease ports and channels
               | that not only don't necessarily like water; but you're
               | not operating in _clean_ water either and that compounds
               | all the problems.
               | 
               | Noting almost total ignorance of the realities: I forsee
               | vacuum hydraulics problems including keeping seals tight,
               | the inevitable oil coating on cylinders boiling off and
               | getting polymerized residue buildup. Double enclose all
               | the actuators and have _another_ seal system so you can
               | have a moving thing poking out of a hull, as is done for
               | boats, will probably be necessary... and that 'll have
               | its own problems at the actuation points i bet.
        
               | twic wrote:
               | I am very much not a rocket scientist. But off the top of
               | my head:
               | 
               | Cooling. In space there's no ambient cooling by air. If
               | you want to cool something, you have to pump heat out of
               | it and into a radiator. And since that is energy-
               | intensive, you want to minimise heat production as far as
               | you can.
               | 
               | Volatiles. In a vacuum those will boil off and not come
               | back. All sorts of polymers, possibly including those
               | used in seals and bearings, suffer from this.
               | 
               | Electrostatic build up. Again, there's no route for this
               | to escape into the air, so you need to make sure that
               | anywhere it can build up is grounded, i suppose.
               | 
               | Maintenance. Depending on where you're going to use it,
               | you might not be able to depend on some guy with a socket
               | set and ungloved fingers being able to fiddle with it
               | whenever necessary.
               | 
               | Gravity. I don't know much about hydraulics, but all
               | sorts of machinery is designed around an unstated
               | assumption that liquid will drip downwards given a chance
               | (sumps etc).
               | 
               | Some of these problems go away on the moon (which has
               | gravity, and potentially pressurised garages for
               | maintenance) or Mars (which has the above, and also some
               | atmosphere).
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | Space is probably harder just because there is less
             | experience and it's much more difficult to get it.
             | Temperature extremes and lubricants seem to be obvious
             | difficulies.
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | The author is a physicist, not an engineer and shows in all
           | of his articles.
           | 
           | Physicists are trained to check whether a concept passes the
           | constraints of the current theoretical models. If it does,
           | the rest is just an engineering problem - i.e. take the
           | theoretical upper limits of mechanics and material science
           | and extrapolate from there.
           | 
           | No concern for the pesky 10% that take up 90% of the
           | development time and make or break a product.
           | 
           | In this context: sure, there's equipment that _can_ work in
           | space. But all of this equipment needs to be operated and
           | maintained by humans and there 's where your problem starts.
           | 
           | Remote operation is impractical beyond the Earth-Moon system.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _No concern for the pesky 10% that take up 90% of the
             | development time and make or break a product._
             | 
             | You're missing the author's main point and the whole reason
             | Starship is a big deal. With current launch costs, all that
             | equipment has to be designed, reviewed and tested up front
             | to guarantee, as much as humanly possible, that it'll work
             | in space the first time, because there's no money to try
             | again. With launch costs Starship offers even under
             | pessimistic estimates, even non-space companies will be
             | able to afford to just _send stuff to space to see what
             | breaks_ , and then iterate until it works. That "10% work"
             | becomes orders of magnitude cheaper.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > With launch costs Starship offers even under
               | pessimistic estimates, even non-space companies will be
               | able to afford to just send stuff to space to see what
               | breaks, and then iterate until it works. That "10% work"
               | becomes orders of magnitude cheaper.
               | 
               | That is a ridiculous position to take. If you have a
               | drill on Earth that burns out you might pop a circuit
               | breaker and have to deal with some acrid smoke for a
               | second or two. You wave it away and it will dissipate
               | into the five and a half quadrillion metric tons of
               | atmosphere. If some parts fly off they'll fall to the
               | ground pretty quickly. If you drop the drill it will fall
               | to the ground.
               | 
               | If you've got a drill on a spacecraft that burns out
               | popping a circuit breaker or some acrid smoke is a
               | thousand times more dangerous. Just spalling of some
               | parts can send debris flying around the craft to cause
               | short circuits or damage life support equipment. If you
               | let the drill go because it hurt you it doesn't fall to
               | the ground but instead float there being dangerous or
               | bouncing off equipment that won't like a drill bouncing
               | off of it.
               | 
               | Lot's of stuff works fine on Earth, even down in mines or
               | other places, because we've got a relatively thick
               | atmosphere with favorable temperature and gravity.
               | Lubricants don't literally boil off equipment if they're
               | left in the sun for a few minutes. We also don't have to
               | deal with temperature variations of hundreds of degrees
               | between shade and full sunlight.
               | 
               | Sending random crap to space without understanding the
               | environment or failure modes would be extremely foolish.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _Sending random crap to space without understanding the
               | environment or failure modes would be extremely foolish._
               | 
               | Well, of course I'm exaggerating, but the point is: with
               | low enough costs, you can afford to iterate on designs
               | you previously had to do perfectly up front. Learning
               | from failures becomes cheaper than having to predict
               | every possible failure mode up front.
        
       | vanattab wrote:
       | >Starship is intended to be able to transport a million tonnes of
       | cargo to the surface of Mars in just ten launch windows.
       | 
       | So at 100tons per starship sent to Mars that's 10,000 trips or
       | 1000 per launch window. But the current plans call for something
       | like 16 starship launches just for refuelling the one starship
       | for the lunar mission. Suppose we can do the Mars trip with the
       | same number of flights that's 170,000 launches to transport that
       | 100million tons? And this guy is mad that nasa is not assuming
       | that this is achievable?
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I just can't see it happening. How many launches have there
         | been in total since the first launch of anything in space? I
         | can't see it being much more than 10K, and it's definitely in
         | that order of magnitude.
         | 
         | There's just not enough raw materials and fuel for that amount
         | of launches, and environmental objections will catch up with
         | them long before that.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | There's not enough aluminum and steel?
           | 
           | There's not enough oxygen? Hydrogen? We can make renewable
           | methane just fine.
           | 
           | Even if we used oil a quick calculation says that 1000 tons *
           | 10000 launches would barely break a tenth of a percent of our
           | current semiannual oil use. I think that's an affordable
           | impact for a truly massive mars campaign.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | By the time you're sending a thousand Starships in one go, the
         | fuel's probably coming from an orbital refinery processing
         | chunks of captured comets, not Earth launches.
         | 
         | Or they've been replaced with some big Aldrin cyclers built
         | _using_ Starships.
        
           | vanattab wrote:
           | That's exactly my point. This guy is pissed that NASA is not
           | planning properly because Starship will unlock the ability to
           | send millions of tons all over the solar system but in realty
           | starship is only one of hundreds (thousands?) of advancements
           | that will need to be made before we can think of sending
           | 100's of millions of tons around the system.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | The whole point is that Starship actually allows you to
             | start thinking of the very problems you speak of.
             | 
             | Before you had it, suggesting mining a asteroid was just
             | pointless and insane. Now you can actually think about.
             | 
             | And that is what NASA should do. Now getting stuff to LEO
             | is 'solved' what can you actually do.
        
               | chinathrow wrote:
               | > The whole point is that Starship actually allows you to
               | start thinking of the very problems you speak of.
               | 
               | Thank you for pointing that out - I just realized that
               | with Starship, we even could start thinking about putting
               | some smaller asteroids out of a potential collision
               | course with it.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I think it's reasonable to think NASA should currently
             | being doing exploratory thinking about "how would we build
             | something like a space station, lunar base, or Mars mission
             | if Starship is available within the decade", though. Which
             | is what I think the author is advocating; to get a few
             | years out in front, rather than waiting until Starship
             | reaches the point where it can't be ignored.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | But isn't NASA already doing that? I mean SpaceX and
               | starship was just awarded the solo lunar lander contract
               | no? The first Artimis flights are in 2023 no?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | A little. I take the point as "Think bigger."
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Would anyone like to estimate the CO2 emissions produced by
         | that?
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Everyone keeps pointing to the CO2 of the rocket itself but
           | forget the enormous infrastructure requirements to launch a
           | rocket the CO2 that creates. Even if starship bursn clean,
           | it's infrastructure does not.
        
           | zpeti wrote:
           | You are passive aggressively attacking the guy who is
           | basically doing the only really inspiring thing in the world
           | today, while at the same time basically single handedly
           | forcing the auto industry into electrifying like 30 years
           | early.
           | 
           | So, honestly, please, stop.
        
             | lkey wrote:
             | The beliefs that Elon Musk
             | 
             | A) Was _attacked_ by the parent comment B) Needs defending
             | _here_ of all places C) Is the _only_ person doing
             | something inspiring _in the world_
             | 
             | Indicate that you might want to broaden your worldview.
             | 
             | Electric cars will _not_ save us from climate change, nor
             | will rockets send us into climate oblivion.
        
           | NikolaeVarius wrote:
           | This hand wringing about CO2 Emissions by rockets is the
           | weirdest ongoing trend I've seen. If you want to complain
           | about environmental issues, at least complain about something
           | interesting like how sound at the launch pad disrupts the
           | breeding patterns of an animal or something.
           | 
           | At least that can cause interesting discussion other than ,
           | BUT CO2 and WARMING.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | Starship contains a total of 3,400 + 1,200 = 4,600 tons of
           | propellant [1]. The propellant being methane and oxygen.
           | 
           | So, someone can do the math to work out how much CO2 is
           | generated by burning that much of that mix. In any case, that
           | is very small compared to the overall emissions of human
           | society.
           | 
           | That being said, methane can be produced a number of ways,
           | for instance digestion of food waste. Therefore, they could
           | source methane in a way that would allow to claim (quite
           | reasonably) that they are carbon-neutral.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Starship
        
           | Gravityloss wrote:
           | 100 tons of payload. Rockets are typically about 2% payload
           | so 5000 tons fully fuelled. Fuel and oxidizer combine to H2O,
           | OH, CO and CO2. So, not all the exhaust product is CO2. But
           | some of the CO released is combined with atmospheric oxygen
           | to CO2, so that increases the mass of CO2 besides direct
           | propellant mass.
           | 
           | We could as first guess say that it's about 5000 tons of CO2
           | per launch. So 1000 launches would be 5 million tons.
           | 
           | US CO2 emissions per capita are about 16 tons per year, so it
           | would be equivalent to the yearly emissions of 300,000
           | Americans or one thousandth of the country's yearly
           | emissions.
           | 
           | 10,000 launches would be 1% of US total emissions.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | A Starship's gonna generate about the same emissions as a
           | similarly sized passenger aircraft generates from a full fuel
           | load.
           | 
           | We fly ~40M flights a year. It'd be a drop in the bucket.
        
             | vanattab wrote:
             | A 737-800 has a max take off weight of 175,000lbs
             | 
             | Super Heavy Dry Mass: 350,000-440,000lbs Super Heavy Fuel
             | Weight: 7,500,000lbs Starship Dry Mass: ~200,000lbs
             | Starship Fuel Weight: 2,600,000lbs
             | 
             | Starship+Booster total: 10,695,000lbs
             | 
             | 175,000lbs vs 10,965,000lbs!
             | 
             | There is no such thing as a similarly sized aircraft!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | A 747-8's MTOW is about a million pounds. Ten-ish 747s
               | for a Starship, as a roughly worst case estimate. Only so
               | much carbon you can stuff into a ton of fuel.
               | 
               | A single-digit percentage global increase in aviation
               | emissions.
               | 
               | (I'm also very skeptical of that level of Starship
               | launches. By the time you're getting anywhere near that,
               | you're likely to have captured some comets and are
               | processing fuel for interplanetary missions in an orbital
               | refinery. Net zero emissions except for getting the
               | people and Earth-only parts up to LEO.)
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > By the time you're getting anywhere near that, you're
               | likely to have captured some comets and are processing
               | fuel for interplanetary missions in an orbital refinery.
               | 
               | I think you're underestimating both the mass of a comet
               | and that the geopolitical implications of a private
               | company being one industrial accident away from
               | replicating something several orders of magnitude closer
               | to Chicxulub than to Tsar Bomba would prevent them being
               | allowed to even try it.
               | 
               | I did a napkin estimate a while back, and even
               | optimistically 10,000 Starship launches is just where you
               | start going "hmm, perhaps we should think about starting
               | to seriously plan the basics of an orbital ring or a
               | launch loop" -- a 40Mm circumference steel loop with a
               | cross section of 1m^2 is still about 30 times less
               | massive than 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > I think you're underestimating both the mass of a comet
               | and that the geopolitical implications of a private
               | company being one industrial accident away from
               | replicating something several orders of magnitude closer
               | to Chicxulub than to Tsar Bomba would prevent them being
               | allowed to even try it.
               | 
               | Meh, you could regulate it fairly effectively. Changing
               | the path of a comet is something that's gonna have to be
               | done years out. Deviating from the planned course would
               | be obvious long before it'd hit anything.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Bet your life?
               | 
               | If it was a naive straight-line path with no funky
               | orbital mechanics to make things even harder to get
               | right, the difference between hitting the Earth at 90deg
               | and missing by the orbit of the moon is a sideways
               | delta-v of 13 m/s one year in advance. The sideways Dv
               | between a 45deg impact and LEO, 7 days in advance, is 3.5
               | m/s.
               | 
               | I'm curious: Even ignoring engine errors, given near-
               | Earth solar orbital velocities, what's the mass of the
               | smallest asteroid which, if it impacted that comet 7 days
               | before the comet reached Earth, could cause it to hit
               | Earth? For whatever orbit you want to put it in, and
               | whatever mass of comet you want to suggest using.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The sideways Dv between a 45deg impact and LEO, 7 days
               | in advance, is 3.5 m/s.
               | 
               | In other words, the larger the comet, the better.
               | 
               | You'd need a fairly obvious number of rockets to impart
               | that sort of velocity change on a large one, right? And
               | if you're doing it to a pebble, it doesn't matter too
               | much?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > In other words, the larger the comet, the better.
               | 
               | I don't think so? If you're bringing in a big one you
               | need more engines to push it into the right orbit to
               | start with, so I think the risk is always things that
               | scale up directly with the comet's mass, e.g. "the
               | engines are misaligned by $foo degrees".
               | 
               | Also, a pebble in space terms is still a potential city-
               | killer, and no nation in their right mind is going to
               | want to let a private company -- not one of their own,
               | let alone a private company in another nation if they
               | have even the slightest say in the matter -- wield that
               | kind of potential:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Crater
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | In the "whoops" scenario (i.e. non-malicious), an engine
               | misalignment would be apparent with enough time to
               | correct. You're a year out.
               | 
               | We watch asteroids zing by regularly. The ones we know
               | about have their chances of hitting calculated years or
               | decades out.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Sideways motion is harder to determine than motion
               | towards us; the former needs angular resolution, the
               | latter doppler radar.
               | 
               | And the sort of rock that could shift 67P from a safe to
               | a dangerous path (LEO to 45 degrees one year ahead) would
               | be about 13 metres radius. The Wikipedia citation is 5
               | years old, so I don't know what we know today, but in
               | 2016 the estimate was we only knew somewhere around 1.3%
               | of asteroids between 40m and 3.5m diameter (and 0.003% of
               | smaller than that, because things get harder to spot as
               | you get smaller).
               | 
               | Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-
               | Earth_object#Size_distrib...
               | 
               | ArXiv link because the citation in Wikipedia was giving
               | me a server error: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06328.pdf
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Musk has promised that eventually they will use synthetic
           | methane to launch Starship, so net emissions will be zero.
        
           | micropresident wrote:
           | I am more concerned about the Ozone damage.
           | 
           | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/147776209027688.
           | ..
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | I wanted to get some sense of how much weight that is in
         | Chicago building terms. 1 million metric tons is like sending 5
         | Sears Towers (aka Willis Tower) to Mars.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "Mars trip with the same number of flights that's 170,000
         | launches to transport that 100million tons? And this guy is
         | mad"
         | 
         | I think the idea that Starship will get us cities on mars is
         | pure fantasyland. You could have a decent base on the moon, and
         | maybe a visit to Mars, but if you want million tons to Mars,
         | you have to go beyong chemical rockets, build a mars transit
         | vehicle, etc.
         | 
         | It makes no sence to forgo those technologies if you are moving
         | billions of tons.
        
         | altcognito wrote:
         | Blue Origin said it would be 16, Musk has claimed it won't be
         | more than 8.
         | 
         | https://wccftech.com/musk-rejects-blue-origins-claim-of-16-s...
         | 
         | It ends up being ~100,000 launches over 10 launch windows. Elon
         | has talked about building 1000 starships (presumably you would
         | need less boosters)
         | 
         | https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/1000-starship...
         | 
         | Anyway, it's absolutely the case that transferring a million
         | tons of cargo will require a new way of thinking about the
         | scale of launches.I would also not assume that the refueling
         | launches have to all take place within the window, that's a bad
         | assumption to start with. You would start your refueling
         | launches well ahead of the window.
         | 
         |  _added point_ - I do think the article overlooks that while
         | Starship will change things, the timing is likely to be slow
         | enough that NASA will be able to adapt. They do have ridiculous
         | timelines on some of their projects, but just like everything
         | else, they will just rewrite those timelines if new solutions
         | present themselves.
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | Even 90,000 launches over 10 launch windows is 9,000 launches
           | per window. Launch opportunities are about 30 days max per
           | window (depending on the flight profile) so that'd be 300
           | launches per day or over 12 launches _per hour_ .
           | 
           | I'm not saying this is bonkers, but this is completely
           | ridiculous and it doesn't matter whether it's 90,000 or
           | 180,000 or even "just" 45,000 launches - it's completely
           | impractical.
           | 
           | Not to mention that proponents always act as if it's no
           | biggie to just crank out thousands of metric tons of _useful_
           | equipment for a permanent Mars settlement in just a couple of
           | years.
           | 
           | You, know, including R&D and engineering and paying for all
           | that.
        
             | gremloni wrote:
             | Based on what, your gut feel? 12 launches per hour does not
             | seem insane at all.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Based on the fact that it would be more flying mass than
               | the domestic airline industry.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | In 2020 there was 114 orbital launches supporting all
               | space missions around the world. That's 0.013 launches
               | per hour. 12 launches per hour to support a single
               | mission does not seem at least a little insane? I love
               | SpaceX and am hopeful for their Mars plans but we are
               | scientists and engineers let's think with our brains and
               | not our hearts.
        
               | gremloni wrote:
               | Think about what you're saying, does 12 launches per hour
               | sound all that crazy? Maybe having 1000s of planes up in
               | the air at the same time would have sounded similarly
               | crazy to someone on the 50s
        
               | brianwawok wrote:
               | if computers taught me anything.. it's if you can do 1
               | thing really really well perfectly, it's not a ton of
               | work to do it 10x or 100x in parallel.
               | 
               | We don't have enough data to know reliability of say
               | Falcon long term. Is it 99% successful? 99.9%?
               | 99.999999%? Doing a ton of launches, you really want to
               | work on the 9s, so 0-1 of your launches blow up, not
               | 100+. But once you do, you just copy paste it baby and go
               | to town.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | There is a literally a book called "The Mythical Man
               | Month" about the limits of parallelism in computer
               | engineering. It's arguably one of the fundamental texts
               | of the discipline.
        
               | micropresident wrote:
               | And that book has literally nothing to do with what is
               | being discussed.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | I am not convinced the scalability of cyberspace applies
               | to actual space.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I don't think it's a good example either. But the
               | scalability of mass production may apply, and that might
               | be good enough...
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | What's a few orders of magnitude among friends?
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > Based on what, your gut feel?
               | 
               | Based on the fact that every orbital launch requires
               | airspace restrictions, local road closures, blocked
               | patches of sea and launch permissions.
               | 
               | The regulatory framework alone is incapable of dealing
               | with that (keep in mind that every orbital rocket is
               | basically an ICBM), let alone the fact that you'd have to
               | spread launches over multiple sites therefore rendering
               | considerable patches of air- and waterways completely
               | closed up for weeks on end.
               | 
               | And that's just the regulatory side of things. There's
               | also the logistical side wherein you'd have to consider
               | methane production and -storage as well as ground
               | operations.
               | 
               | 100t-class orbital rockets aren't aeroplanes and the
               | procedures involved in checking, refuelling and launch
               | are much more involved. Keep in mind that SpaceX of all
               | companies was the first company who managed to lose a
               | rocket during fuelling in over 5 decades.
               | 
               | Now scale that risk (of currently 1:129 - make that
               | 1:1000 since I'm being generous here) to 9,000 launches
               | and you'd be looking at about 9 major explosions (worst
               | case) per launch campaign and that's without the added
               | stress from an unprecedented launch cadence taken into
               | account.
               | 
               | You'd be looking at this:
               | https://youtu.be/AOFVuAmcoCA?t=43
               | 
               | two times a week and handwaving that away by quoting
               | fantasy goals for the achievable reliability isn't going
               | to change the fact that even one such incident would halt
               | the entire program for a considerable amount of time.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Based on the fact that every orbital launch requires
               | airspace restrictions, local road closures, blocked
               | patches of sea and launch permissions.
               | 
               | So set up a [semi]-permanent airspace restriction
               | somewhere inland, remote enough that there are no local
               | roads to worry about, and don't block any patches of sea.
               | And do the permission in bulk, obviously.
               | 
               | > major explosions (worst case) per launch campaign
               | 
               | Failure rate is something to consider in several ways but
               | largely unrelated to the launches-per-hour metric.
        
             | altcognito wrote:
             | Don't assume that launches for refueling operations happen
             | during the launch window. The window is really as long as
             | you want it to be for refueling. Yes, there are engineering
             | challenges associated with having fuel in orbit over a
             | longer period.
             | 
             | I'll agree there is a shortage of plans and an excess of
             | hope in what you're going to ship to Mars in the near term.
             | But I can also see where others are saying -- something
             | this big requires a slow organization like NASA to start
             | planning now.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | > Don't assume that launches for refueling operations
               | happen during the launch window. The window is really as
               | long as you want it to be for refueling.
               | 
               | Indeed, the parent comment was making a bad assumption.
               | If you look at it that way, refueling can happen anytime
               | in the 2-years between windows. So say 10,000 launches
               | over 730 days is 13 or 14 launches per day. Given
               | multiple launch sites, seems feasible enough (in the same
               | sense of feasible as producing 100,000 tonnes of goods
               | destined for mars every 2 years).
        
               | skedaddle wrote:
               | Launching isn't the whole mission though, even if you can
               | achieve that rate. For every launch you also need hours
               | of time for rendezvous, docking, and fuel transfer. And
               | even if somehow there is a solution to this schedule,
               | you're talking about doing it 10,000 times safely and
               | without a hitch.
        
           | abledon wrote:
           | > It ends up being ~100,000 launches over 10 launch windows.
           | Elon has talked about building 1000 starships
           | 
           | managing that many launches...spaceships mid-journey,
           | refueling in space ETC... would the 'head count' at spaceX
           | have to increase greatly, or would they keep a relatively
           | small crew and just 'scale out' having it mostly controlled
           | by code/automation
        
             | brianwawok wrote:
             | For sure both.
        
       | gene-h wrote:
       | A big part of the cost of space missions is not making things as
       | light as possible, but developing the scientific instruments.
       | More upmass doesn't always make designing sensitive scientific
       | instruments easier.
       | 
       | If said scientific instruments need to go on a rover, mass still
       | matters. More mass can limit rover mobility and at some point the
       | rover requires more power than can be provided with RTGs or solar
       | cells.
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | Exactly. Way too many people seem to ignore the cost of
         | developing and certifying scientific instruments.
         | 
         | There's nothing gained from sending 50t of metal to the outer
         | solar system. Scientific instruments are usually purpose-built
         | and while lifting mass restriction can bring down cost, you'd
         | still have to account for redundancy and precision because no
         | one's going to fly out to Jupiter to properly unfold that darn
         | antenna.
        
           | neolefty wrote:
           | Nuclear power sources are still mighty expensive too. Solar
           | is hard past Mars, and near impossible past Jupiter, AFAIK.
        
           | cookingmyserver wrote:
           | > Way too many people seem to ignore the cost of developing
           | and certifying scientific instruments.
           | 
           | It gets ignored because it is a symptom of not being able to
           | cheaply launch probes. You spend all of this time researching
           | and developing a scientific instrument only to make two of
           | them. One to launch the other to go on a diagnostic model
           | (maybe a third for a launch backup). You spread out the cost
           | of development over more units and bring down the per unit
           | cost of manufacturing (although probably not that much given
           | we are still talking quantities in the tens or at most
           | hundreds of units). But without a cheap launch system there
           | is a fixed cost per unit of hundreds of millions to get it
           | into space, so there is very little point in producing more
           | than what you need for just that mission.
           | 
           | Of course certain missions are going to require special
           | specs, but I do think that generic, somewhat modular
           | spaceprobes are around the corner now that launch costs are
           | going down. If you are going to retire a space craft that
           | you've made a profit off of shuttling cargo to LEO might as
           | well discard of it by sending it on one last mission into
           | deep space with a couple of scientific missions onboard.
           | 
           | We will end up spending more money overall, but cost per unit
           | of science (however you want to measure that) will go down.
        
             | qayxc wrote:
             | > It gets ignored because it is a symptom of not being able
             | to cheaply launch probes.
             | 
             | Is it, though? Let's do a quick and very superficial
             | analysis of the costs here. Say we want to send a probe the
             | outer solar system, like the moons of Jupiter or the Saturn
             | system.
             | 
             | There are two unique challenges that such probes are faced
             | with:
             | 
             | * on Jupiter, the magnetic field of the planet requires
             | hardened electronics and shielding
             | 
             | * in the Saturn system and beyond, nuclear power is the
             | only option for powering your instruments
             | 
             | Neither of these points are in any way shape or form
             | correlated with launch costs. In fact, in order to get RTGs
             | you need to build, maintain and operate an entire
             | specialised nuclear facility. Alternatively you could use
             | small nuclear reactors, but that may or may not interfere
             | with certain instruments.
             | 
             | The cost of hardening electronics and shielding is also not
             | going away even if launch costs were non-existent. It also
             | doesn't matter much whether you produce 10 or 1000 of such
             | specialised processors - the cost will still be orders of
             | magnitude higher than comparable commodity options.
             | 
             | It's not getting any better if we turn inwards instead and
             | consider Venus or Mercury. Both again pose incredible and
             | unique engineering challenges as do most scientifically
             | interesting targets in the solar system.
             | 
             | How exactly would a cheaper launch cost solve the problem
             | of a Venus sample-return mission? Is it the expensive
             | launch that prevents us from sending an orbiter out to
             | Pluto? How does more and cheaper payload help with getting
             | a probe into the oceans of Europa, Ganymede, or Enceladus?
             | I could go on, but I think you get what I mean.
             | 
             | edit: there's also the human factor that I conveniently
             | left out - every mission requires a staff of people (both
             | scientists and engineers) for the entire mission duration;
             | that cost is also unrelated to launch costs
        
               | cookingmyserver wrote:
               | > The cost of hardening electronics and shielding is also
               | not going away even if launch costs were non-existent.
               | 
               | Of course, but what about hardened electronics exempts it
               | from the principles I discussed with scientific
               | instruments in general?
               | 
               | > the cost will still be orders of magnitude higher than
               | comparable commodity options.
               | 
               | Irrelevant, no one is comparing the cost to commodity
               | hardware, we are comparing it to what the cost would be
               | if we don't increase the number of scientific missions
               | and continue with the current demand.
               | 
               | > in order to get RTGs you need to build, maintain and
               | operate an entire specialized nuclear facility.
               | 
               | Yes, needing more material is going to cost more money,
               | but does the cost per unit stay the same or go up the
               | more you buy? We are going to need to increase production
               | Pu used in RTGs anyways, if we are going to build
               | facilities to might as well utilize them to the max.
               | 
               | > How exactly would a cheaper launch cost solve the
               | problem of a Venus sample-return mission?
               | 
               | There will be unique engineering challenges that require
               | unique solutions, but engineers will have a large shelf
               | of parts to choose from if they have a specific issue
               | they don't have to invent the wheel for.
               | 
               | > that cost is also unrelated to launch costs
               | 
               | That one is true. Missions that involve complex
               | maneuvers, landings, driving rovers, etc, will require
               | large amounts of staff and engineers. Other missions that
               | don't involve those things could utilize a shared staff,
               | so something like a general purpose probe network taking
               | measurements across the solar system. Fleet management
               | tools, policy, and procedures need to be developed so we
               | can manage assets like we do with other LEO
               | constellations.
        
         | vanattab wrote:
         | This. The JWST cost/will cost about 10 billion dollars. The
         | launch costs are negligible.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | The JWST costs that much primarily because it's a one-off,
           | which is a consequence of high launch costs.
           | 
           | If you drop the launch costs by 100x, this means being able
           | to launch 100x JWSTs for the same price, meaning it makes
           | sense to optimize for production costs instead of reliability
           | - as if one of your telescopes fail, you can always
           | launch/use another. So now it makes sense to focus on using
           | mass-manufactured parts instead of specialty ones, which
           | drops the production costs significantly. It might make sense
           | to design a _telescope platform_ instead, opening more
           | opportunities to exploit economies of scale.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | > If you drop the launch costs by 100x, this means being
             | able to launch 100x JWSTs for the same price
             | 
             | As the GP pointed out the launch cost of the JWST is a
             | small fraction of the program's overall cost. Launching a
             | hundred JWSTs would mean _building_ a hundred JWSTs and
             | doing so is not cheap. Even with economies of scale
             | _producing_ various components for the hundred JWSTs those
             | all need to be tested and verified. That 's an expensive
             | process that doesn't really benefit from economies of
             | scale.
             | 
             | For an instrument the size of JWST you can't just spam
             | launches with the assumption some will fail. It's a giant
             | instrument. A catastrophic failure would see it land mostly
             | intact in a populated area or fill a huge orbit with
             | dangerous debris. Even if it was just non-operational it
             | would not occupy an orbital slot that's unusable by other
             | instruments.
             | 
             | Launch costs are almost always a small portion of overall
             | mission costs. Just because launch costs go down doesn't
             | mean space missions can magically scale up. The goal is to
             | launch useful scientific/commercial instruments or space
             | vehicles. We don't just launch hunks of lead into orbit for
             | funsies. Lower launch costs are nice but they're not going
             | to magically make all space missions cheap or easy.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _Even with economies of scale producing various
               | components for the hundred JWSTs those all need to be
               | tested and verified. That 's an expensive process that
               | doesn't really benefit from economies of scale._
               | 
               | My point is that all those processes are expensive
               | _because_ the final result has to work the first time,
               | _because_ launches are expensive and infrequent. Drop
               | launch costs enough, you don 't need so much reliability,
               | so everything across the board suddenly becomes much
               | cheaper. Which then opens many further opportunities to
               | reduce costs.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | You can't just make space equipment less reliable because
               | launching it is cheaper. Equipment failures will kill
               | people and ruin missions. Things that might work fine on
               | Earth's surface will not work the same way in space. Even
               | seemingly mundane failures can damage important
               | components.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Most missions aren't manned. If your equipment is cheap
               | enough, you can just send more and achieve reliability
               | through numbers. If you don't have to optimize for mass
               | so hard, you can achieve reliability through cheaper
               | means - e.g. simplifying heat management by bolting on a
               | larger radiator; simplifying radiation effects mitigation
               | by having multiple CPUs running the same calculations and
               | voting on results, and/or making thicker rad insulation.
               | Etc.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | Launch costs are not the only (maybe not even the most)
               | important factor for reliability. If your probe takes 9
               | years to reach it's destination and then fails to deploy
               | it's not the launch costs that are the problem. Or if you
               | want to land an unmanned cargo ship near your lunar or
               | mars base reliability is defiantly a concern. Cheap
               | launch costs are definitely in important step to
               | colonizing the system we are simply pointing out it's one
               | of many things we need before we can usefully launch
               | millions of tons around the universe.
        
       | chinathrow wrote:
       | Progress at Starbase, SpaceX's base in Boca Chica, TX is done at
       | an astonishing pace and very impressive.
       | 
       | Some of the stuff seen in the video series from August by
       | Everyday Astronaut has changed already.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t705r8ICkRw
        
       | marktangotango wrote:
       | Spacex is building the transcontinental railroads of the solar
       | system. There is mind boggling upside for them. I'm kinda
       | disappointed Blue Origin seems to have fallen in a rut. I'm sure
       | Musk will be happy to provide transportation for Bezos space
       | colony construction projects!
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Tycoon
       | 
       | Edit My point isn't to disparage Bezos, but to highlight the fact
       | that anyone with grand aspirations in orbit/solar system will
       | have to go through Musk and Spacex until a competitor does
       | appear. RE space colonies, I believe the natural sequence of
       | events for space tourism is: sub orbital, oribital, long term
       | orbital (a small space "hotel") culminating in orbital habitat
       | ala O'Neil Cylinders. Cheap kg to orbit enables all of that.
        
         | yeetaccount wrote:
         | Yeah but watching Bezos turn into a household joke is worth it.
        
           | gremloni wrote:
           | He's a household joke the same way Elon is a household joke.
        
             | oxplot wrote:
             | Bezos is a household joke even in Elon's household. Elon is
             | a nightmare in Bezos'es. That's where the difference is.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Transcontinental railroads provided routes between already
         | populated areas, with viable trade between them.
         | 
         | Solar system beyond Earth is more like a desert, possibly rich
         | with resources, but nearly no resource is precious enough to be
         | worth carrying by a starship.
         | 
         | The incentives for space expansion past LEO and GEO will not be
         | economical.
        
           | marktangotango wrote:
           | That doesn't really hold up though. California has a lot
           | desert and was sparsely settled until the gold rush for
           | example. Also, in situ resource utilization is an area where
           | technology and innovation are certain to provide advantage.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | I often think of this observation by Bruce Sterling:
           | 
           | > I'll believe in people settling Mars at about the same time
           | I see people setting the Gobi Desert. The Gobi Desert is
           | about a thousand times as hospitable as Mars and five hundred
           | times cheaper and easier to reach. Nobody ever writes "Gobi
           | Desert Opera" because, well, it's just kind of plonkingly
           | obvious that there's no good reason to go there and live.
           | It's ugly, it's inhospitable and there's no way to make it
           | pay. Mars is just the same, really. We just romanticize it
           | because it's so hard to reach.
           | 
           | https://boingboing.net/2004/01/08/sterling-ill-believe.html
        
             | marktangotango wrote:
             | Gobi desert doesn't have 1/3 earth gravity.
        
               | wildermuthn wrote:
               | What are the economic benefits of low gravity? If so,
               | would the moon be more economically valuable than Mars?
               | 
               | I'm genuinely curious about the economics of doing more
               | in space than putting up satellites.
        
               | Sammi wrote:
               | I mean obviously you need less energy to move things
               | around. We spend an enormous amount of energy to move
               | things around on earth.
        
             | greedo wrote:
             | Though both are probably apocryphal:
             | 
             | "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers,"
             | 
             | and:
             | 
             | "640K ought to be enough for anybody."
             | 
             | We're really bad at predicting how things will change. Who
             | would have thought that Tim Berners-Lee would be a link in
             | a chain to Donald Trump's election?
        
         | Factorium wrote:
         | Can we just build private space, lunar, and martian colonies?
         | They could be financed by Tesla shareholders.
         | 
         | The colonisation of the world by Europeans started with
         | government investment, but eventually became self-sustaining.
         | 
         | If these offworld colonies are free of political correctness,
         | crime, taxes, welfare systems, and disease, and contain only
         | beautiful, healthy, and intelligent people (via careful
         | selection, including genetic screening and IQ tests, of
         | permitted colonists), they could draw the best of humanity to
         | them.
        
         | d33 wrote:
         | Do we know the Chinese part of the story? I feel like the
         | western media hardly report anything on them while e.g.
         | Wikipedia suggests that there are new developments happening
         | all the time:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Program
         | 
         | How significant are those in practice?
        
       | mordymoop wrote:
       | When I worked at a national laboratory, it was always evident
       | that research priorities lagged funding priorities. No scientific
       | program director would allocate significant resources into an
       | area that wasn't either already funded or practically guaranteed
       | to be funded. I don't how NASA and JPL operate organizationally,
       | how their budgetary decisions are made, but I would guess that no
       | movement toward re-orienting around Starship (or any new
       | commercial technology) will happen until funding agencies dictate
       | that it happen.
        
       | snowwrestler wrote:
       | > We need a team of economists to rederive the relative
       | elasticities of various design choices and boil them down to a
       | new set of design heuristics for space system production oriented
       | towards maximizing volume of production. Or, more generally,
       | maximizing some robust utility function assuming saturation of
       | Starship launch capacity.
       | 
       | This is not really what economists do. Elasticity is not
       | something an economist can "derive" or predict in advance of
       | market developments with any reliability. It can only be reliably
       | observed.
       | 
       | That is the whole point of a free market. What is possible--
       | changes in elasticity between factors--emerges from complex
       | behavior. As it emerges, new efforts can compete to take
       | advantage of it, thereby themselves creating new possibilities.
       | 
       | This is why people are not re-inventing everything around the
       | Starship vision yet; because it hasn't actually happened yet.
       | 
       | There are many projects and companies sitting on the garbage heap
       | of history because of, basically, a branch prediction error. They
       | guessed wrong on direction or timing. Even if Elon is right about
       | Starship costs, but it takes significantly longer than expected
       | to get there, that's a huge risk to projects that set it today as
       | a dependency.
        
       | politician wrote:
       | Ironically Related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29026781
        
       | twic wrote:
       | > The Artemis program to the Moon requires a Gateway and separate
       | Human Landing System (HLS) because even the SLS doesn't have
       | enough lift capacity to be execute the mission on its own.
       | 
       | The Artemis programme requires a Gateway because senators decided
       | it would be cool to have a gateway. AFAIK, anyone with actual
       | technical expertise thinks it's stupid.
       | 
       | There's a bunch of logic in this piece i just can't follow. Like:
       | 
       | > How can the space industry saturate this increased launch
       | supply?
       | 
       | It doesn't need to?
       | 
       | > What "lunar exploration objectives" can be "fulfilled" with
       | such an architecture?
       | 
       | The only objective which has been pursued since the end of the
       | Cold War, that of pumping billions of dollars into politically
       | important states.
       | 
       | Who is this guy? Is he new?
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Why was this downvoted?!
        
         | ninkendo wrote:
         | Is there a name for the rhetorical technique you're using? When
         | you act as if you're in an argument with someone who actually
         | agrees with you, simply because they're making points that you
         | think "everyone knows"? Not everyone is as jaded as you, and
         | some people may actually find it to be interesting reading to
         | hear why our current SLS plans aren't all that practical.
         | 
         | You see it all the time on HN... "Apple changes course by doing
         | something that isn't very privacy-centric", responded to with
         | "but this isn't a change of course because they've only ever
         | cared about their bottom line!"... "Facebook does thing that
         | isn't good for their users" responded to with "no they didn't,
         | because these people aren't the users, but the product!", etc
         | etc.
         | 
         | It's this weird agreement-masked-as-contrarianism that I can
         | only imagine comes from too much time spent debating things
         | online, where you feel you must present everything as an
         | argument of some sort.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | > It doesn't need to?
         | 
         | The point there is that if legacy aerospace doesn't do it, new
         | players will, and the legacy companies will be left far behind.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | Why will they? Where is all this demand coming from?
        
             | dustintrex wrote:
             | Even frivolous applications like space tourism are worth
             | billions if you can send people into orbit for $100k
             | instead of $100M.
        
       | nickhalfasleep wrote:
       | I'd love to know if any Universities or Research organizations
       | are planning big observatories based around launching on
       | Starship. What was once a rare NASA budget item could now be in
       | the reach of many more researchers.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | SpaceX is already working on that with a professor from some
         | Californian university.
        
       | micropresident wrote:
       | I would like to know what the Ozone impact these rockets will
       | have is. It's my understanding that they burn quite a bit of the
       | ozone up as they pass through; but my information could be wrong.
        
       | stcredzero wrote:
       | One way to summarize this article and relate it to software
       | engineering: Before Starship, orbital launches and their payloads
       | were like "snowflake" servers. Meticulously crafted one-offs.
       | After Starship, launches and their payloads should become like
       | containerized servers. (Starlink is already going this direction.
       | No wonder, since Falcon is just a stop-gap and that system was
       | designed for Starship)
        
       | yk wrote:
       | The entire space reporting has the problem that simultaneously
       | there is an established genre of fanboy fawning about space x,
       | which is kinda unconnected to space x actually starting to
       | disrupt space.
       | 
       | Right now, it looks like one could save a few billions if Artemis
       | is not green lit a decade ago. However, private launches were
       | still rare at that time, so in absence of a, likely expensive,
       | time machine that's just not an option.
       | 
       | So looking at the planned timelines, Artemis I will circle the
       | moon next year, and a crewed landing is planned for 2024, while
       | star ship does not have a planned launch to orbit yet.
       | 
       | Also on a personal note, I am utterly astonished that there will
       | be people on the moon before the subway station down the street
       | is operational.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Please for the love of god, its SpaceX and Starship.
         | 
         | > The entire space reporting has the problem that
         | simultaneously there is an established genre of fanboy fawning
         | about space x, which is kinda unconnected to space x actually
         | starting to disrupt space.
         | 
         | Yeah totally unconnected. All these people, journalist and
         | engineers are idiots.
         | 
         | > Right now, it looks like one could save a few billions if
         | Artemis is not green lit a decade ago
         | 
         | Ah:
         | 
         | > The Artemis Program began in December 2017 as the
         | reorganization and continuation of successive efforts to
         | revitalize the U.S. space program since 2009.
         | 
         | And just btw, just because a program starts, doesn't mean its
         | 'greenlitt'. This is not AT ALL. How NASA is funded.
         | 
         | In fact NASA has to fight for budget every year. So literally
         | every year they need budget allocation to continue development
         | of the different element they need.
         | 
         | > So looking at the planned timelines, Artemis I will circle
         | the moon next year, and a crewed landing is planned for 2024,
         | while star ship does not have a planned launch to orbit yet.
         | 
         | Starship is LITERALLY required to land on the moon. NASA has
         | only 1 way to land humans on the moon and its LITERALLY
         | Starship.
         | 
         | And the first orbital test launch is planned for this year.
         | 
         | > Also on a personal note, I am utterly astonished that there
         | will be people on the moon before the subway station down the
         | street is operational.
         | 
         | The 2024 timeline is not really realistic, 2026 maybe.
         | 
         | Subway are a political problem, not a technological one.
        
         | Lambdanaut wrote:
         | > star ship does not have a planned launch to orbit yet
         | 
         | Starship has a planned launch to orbit in literally a month
         | pending regulatory approval.
         | 
         | * source:
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/elonmusk/status/14515814656454942...
        
           | yk wrote:
           | They don't plan to circulate the orbit, and instead the plan
           | is to splash down in the Pacific after going 3/4th around the
           | planet. So, I would call that suborbital.
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | * A month, yes, in Elon time.
           | 
           | It's almost certainly going to be longer based just on past
           | performance (though that performance is nothing short of
           | astounding). They need at minimum to:                 - get
           | the chopstick carriage moving         and out of the way for
           | launch       - get the water deluge system in place       -
           | tank up enough water, LOX, and Methane       - build more of
           | a blast barrier for the GSE       - maybe add a flame
           | diverter       - test-fire BN4 on the launch stand,
           | testing all engines or enough that they         can be
           | certain of the robustness of the         ignition sequence
           | - re-assemble the stack and load it with         liquid
           | nitrogen to test structural         integrity under load
           | 
           | etc.
        
       | woah wrote:
       | > That is, Starship is a powerful logistical system that puts
       | launch below the API.
       | 
       | Lol this sounds like pure BS
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Actually a helpful way to think about the problem.
        
       | lquist wrote:
       | What am I missing here? Why is spacex valuation 100bn if this is
       | true? I would think it would be 1tn easily in this kind of
       | capital abundant environment. Is the risk that high? Is the
       | market size being overestimated?
        
         | oxplot wrote:
         | I'm no financial guru, even enthusiast, but my impression is
         | that your average investor is interested in very short term
         | profit. If you listened to last Telsa's shareholder meeting,
         | one of the top questions was whether Tesla was going to pay
         | dividends! People expect a company that's ramping up faster
         | than any other in the history, building largest factories left
         | and right, to pay dividends to its share holders! I'm in awe
         | how they didn't just laugh the question off and didn't take
         | back the shares from those shareholders (only if they could).
        
           | GDC7 wrote:
           | > People expect a company that's ramping up faster than any
           | other in the history
           | 
           | Tesla was founded in 2002, during the same timespan Facebook
           | became ubiquitous in our lives, Google became the homepage of
           | the world and Amazon became the go-to place to make
           | purchases.
           | 
           | Microsoft did even better between 1975-1995. The world was
           | much larger and disconnected back then and yet they managed
           | to became so ubiquitous to reach the monopoly status, such a
           | dominance that the US government had to step in like they did
           | with Standard Oil.
           | 
           | I commute to work daily . 25 miles back and forth and I am
           | lucky if I see one Tesla .
           | 
           | After 20 years the company most successful and ubiquitous
           | product is its stock
        
             | cecilpl2 wrote:
             | > I commute 25 miles back and forth to work and I am lucky
             | if I see one Tesla .
             | 
             | Where on earth do you live? I can barely walk down the
             | street without tripping over one. It's not a stretch to say
             | I'd see several dozen on a short morning run.
        
               | godshatter wrote:
               | Not the original poster, but I'm guessing they live
               | somewhere other than California or New York. The nearest
               | Tesla supercharging station to myself is a two-hour drive
               | away, for example. While I could use one to drive to and
               | from work or to businesses in the area, I won't be using
               | it to go almost anywhere else any time soon. At least,
               | not without planning my routes around that availability.
               | As a contrast, the small town I live in has six gas
               | stations.
               | 
               | I'm looking forward to the day that the infrastructure is
               | ubiquitous enough that I can buy a fully electric
               | vehicle, but that day isn't here yet.
        
             | oxplot wrote:
             | That's not apple to apple comparison. Try other vehicle
             | manufacturers and see where your numbers end up. Ramping up
             | a multi thousand part product with hundreds of suppliers is
             | a whole different ball game than scaling an online website.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Are you comparing software companies to a manufacturing
             | company?
             | 
             | They were making new technology that people basically
             | thought was impossible. By 2012 they had only sold 1000
             | vehicles. That how hard it was.
             | 
             | Since Model S however they have grown about as fast as any
             | manufacturing based company in history and they have very
             | clear potential to continue to do so for a few years more
             | at the very least.
             | 
             | Tesla basically invest huge into growing a chemical
             | industry to make the batteries. That simply not something
             | that just magically happens within a few years.
             | 
             | > Microsoft did even better between 1975-1995.
             | 
             | Because Microsoft was running on ALL computers designed
             | from lots and lots of companies. Rather the computers were
             | designed for it.
             | 
             | > such a dominance that the US government had to step in
             | like they did with Standard Oil.
             | 
             | They didn't 'had to' they wanted to.
        
               | GDC7 wrote:
               | When you advertise yourself as a tech company you are
               | bound to be compared against other tech companies.
               | 
               | More generally companies from every sector are compared
               | against each other to see which one provides the highest
               | improvement in citizens' quality of life .
               | 
               | Tesla produces lots of noise but the improvement in
               | citizens' quality of life is basically none or
               | negligible.
               | 
               | Google, Facebook and Microsoft completely dominate Tesla
               | in this fundamental, during the same timespan.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | They are a car company that is slowly turning itself into
               | a multi-faceted company. They are doing some tech like
               | things, but they are also turning into a chemical company
               | and an a equipment and manufacturing company. They are
               | also an infrastructure provider. They want to turn into a
               | robotics company.
               | 
               | > More generally companies from every sector are compared
               | against each other to see which one provides the highest
               | improvement in citizens' quality of life .
               | 
               | Cars are the single largest expense other then a house
               | people make. Of course its gone have less overall impact
               | then a free product that everybody is gone spend very
               | little time on.
               | 
               | The Supercharger network alone and showing the way for EV
               | infrastructure will have a huge impact on everybody.
               | 
               | > Tesla produces lots of noise but the improvement in
               | citizens' quality of life is basically none or
               | negligible.
               | 
               | People usually love their Tesla and that is reflected in
               | the data that is gathered about that. Cars are the second
               | most expensive people buy behind a house. They have huge
               | impact on the people who buy them and clearly less on
               | those that don't.
               | 
               | > Google, Facebook and Microsoft completely dominate
               | Tesla in this fundamental, during the same timespan.
               | 
               | Idiotic comparison, no matter how long you talk about it.
        
               | GDC7 wrote:
               | > They are a car company that is slowly turning itself
               | into a multi-faceted company. They are doing some tech
               | like things, but they are also turning into a chemical
               | company and an a equipment and manufacturing company.
               | They are also an infrastructure provider. They want to
               | turn into a robotics company.
               | 
               | And I want to turn into an adonis bedding a different
               | Hollywood actress every night
               | 
               | Doesn't really matter what the CEO of a company tells you
               | about his projections about the future of the company
               | 
               | It will always be an up& to the right chart.
               | 
               | Especially here people should know better and take those
               | promises and straight up throw them into the bin because
               | they are just that.
               | 
               | As the old saying goes: "It takes one to see one".
               | 
               | With Microsoft, Google and Facebook you didn't have to be
               | on the lookout for anything suspicious because they
               | provided very conservatives estimates, begging financial
               | analysts to be conservative for their own estimates too.
               | 
               | That's one huge difference between those companies and
               | Tesla, an other huge difference is the fact that you can
               | tangibly see those companies products in your daily life,
               | whereas Tesla is only famous for future projections of
               | techno-utopian dreams and the stock price which is
               | constantly inflated by the cult leader CEO. The same cult
               | leader CEO who managed to get in this privileged position
               | by overselling equity to bigger fools for his whole life.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | You are the only one comparing those companies. Its
               | neither insightful or clever to do so. But I guess you
               | feel clever coming up with that.
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure the people who drive Tesla see them quite
               | often. People see supercharger all the time and the
               | stigma against electric and travel has been broken.
               | 
               | Every large car maker and most countries have admired and
               | are now pushing for EVs.
               | 
               | Tesla is famous for making EV popular more then anything
               | else and by that had massive impact as every in the car
               | industry has addmited.
               | 
               | And the Cult leader said in 2014 they would do 500k in
               | 2020 and they did exactly that. Their growth has hit
               | pretty much what they have guided for multiple years now.
               | 
               | Anybody that observes the industry knows they will
               | continue to grow fast, its not really a question.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > but my impression is that your average investor is
           | interested in very short term profit
           | 
           | You can actually figure out how much of a stock is traded and
           | if your assumption is true then there would have to be far
           | more trading.
           | 
           | > one of the top questions was whether Tesla was going to pay
           | dividends!
           | 
           | How do you know what answer the people who voted for the
           | question wanted to hear?
        
             | oxplot wrote:
             | > How do you know what answer the people who voted for the
             | question wanted to hear?
             | 
             | Interesting point. My intuition tells me that most people
             | who are looking to get paid are the ones asking the
             | question.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | I can tell you that the person who got a question in
               | literally every year since like 10 years is a long term
               | investor. See Tesla Daily Podcast.
               | 
               | Long term investors are very well organized and upvote
               | certain questions.
               | 
               | However that question was not from him.
        
           | lquist wrote:
           | Sure, but SpaceX trades on the private markets, not public.
           | The minimum to get into SpaceX is $1m.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | This is flat inaccurate. There people on YT who showed how
             | they got involved for much less then 100k.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Isn't SpaceX privately held?
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | The article is really interesting, but the stress the author
       | expresses about the potential downfall of NASA seems misplaced.
       | This is just creative destruction at work. If NASA can adapt to
       | capitalize on the new paradigm, then it will, and there will be
       | NASA logos everywhere in future space stuff. If not, then NASA
       | will fade away, and some of us will wax nostalgic about how cool
       | NASA seemed when we were kids but nobody will really care because
       | humanity will have moved far past the limited space exploration
       | that was possible to-date.
       | 
       | Like most old US government programs, NASA is fully of wasteful
       | political constraints - for instance, facilities scattered around
       | the country and to satisfy pork-barrel politics and get random
       | senators to support the overall program. I think NASA is still a
       | net good, and I'd love to see it adapt, but if it fails to adapt,
       | that probably just means the institutional dysfunction between
       | Congress and NASA administration was too great, and even though
       | it will be a little sad, it will still be a net win for humanity
       | to replace that dysfunction with a new wave of highly functional
       | new players.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | The problem I have with that analysis is that there's little
         | commercial value to purely scientific missions. What will we
         | lose if NASA isn't sending (much bigger!) explorers to all
         | corners of the solar system?
         | 
         | Maybe mining companies will pick up some of the slack, maybe
         | that'll be enough.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | There's a lot of research done today that has no commercial
           | value. Ideally the commercialization of space will make it
           | cheap enough that institutions can fund their own research
           | without needing the government.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | NASA, like most government programs, is actually a mission-
         | driven purchasing program. They are not threatened by SpaceX at
         | all. If SpaceX can deliver what NASA needs, NASA will just buy
         | it from SpaceX. See for example: human space flight.
        
       | supperburg wrote:
       | I think it was SN11 that stuck the landing. I was there.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | SN10 landed on it's engines as the legs didn't deploy, and
         | exploded on the pad a few minutes afterwards.
         | 
         | SN11 exploded in mid-air in the fog [1].
         | 
         | SN15 landed correctly for the first time and didn't explode
         | afterwards.
         | 
         | [1]: https://youtu.be/cN7855POvJ8?t=172
        
       | GDC7 wrote:
       | Space is becoming a religion for atheists, with SpaceX serving
       | the role of the church and Elon Musk in charge of it as the
       | techno-utopian Pope.
       | 
       | No wonder really smart people like Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and
       | George Soros are staying out of it.
       | 
       | The amount of mass that we have to bring up there to live and
       | thrive and be happy is so enormous that Nobel astrophysicist Kip
       | Thorne and Christopher Nolan had to essentially cheat their way
       | into the epilogue of Interstellar. The hero of the movie finds
       | the answer to the problem of how to lift humanity off the Earth
       | into the Gargantua Black Hole, which by definition is the place
       | where all the rules are off, and there is no knowledge of what
       | really happens in there, so that Kip Thorne could, in good
       | conscience, allow it in the script.
       | 
       | People who love space should work on mind uploading and laser
       | transmission of the aforementioned upload. That's the only way we
       | can manage to lift ourselves.
        
         | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
         | You have an SF novel in you, you just need to write it!
        
         | rakejake wrote:
         | +1. Greg Egan's novels Permutation City and Diaspora actually
         | explore this very well.
         | 
         | I am not opposed to space exploration and generally support
         | SpaceX but reading about doing 100,000 launches makes me
         | slightly wary, especially with our track record on climate and
         | Musk's general penchant for breaking laws. Unless we develop
         | anti-gravity or something which would make space travel energy-
         | equivalent to flight travel, I don't know how you would ever
         | scale this without wrecking the environment. Reading between
         | the lines, you get a sense that the average citizen should be
         | "willing to take the hit for the greater good". Yeah, right.
         | Musk has an immense amount of goodwill today and for good
         | reason but I don't imagine this will play well with any crowd.
         | 
         | Even assuming that Musks's Marsshot comes through and a Mars
         | colony is established in 50 years (which would be optimistic
         | going by the current pace of development), what are the odds
         | that I (or the average SWE on HN, let alone average human)
         | would ever end up on Mars? I imagine a 70-80 year old is
         | probably not very high on the (tentative)waitlist? It is
         | looking more and more likely that Earth's climate and politics
         | would necessarily have to take a backseat if we were to go all
         | in on Mars. I see the wisdom in Kim Stanley Robinson's opinion
         | that fixing Earth climate/politics should take priority.
         | 
         | I am in support of AGI research and biotech. Training even GPT-
         | scale models is not really comparable to rocket launching. If
         | it is possible to clone yourself to a digital form, or even
         | train an NN model to think like yourself, there may be a way
         | for the average denizen to get to Mars and extend one's life
         | while keeping energy consumption low.
        
         | oxplot wrote:
         | Even if a religion, sure as heck the best out there, by a large
         | margin:
         | 
         | 1. Got the best miracles (two building sized Falcon 9 boosters
         | landing side by side after an orbital launch).
         | 
         | 2. Promises exciting future, full of explosions, adventures and
         | memes.
         | 
         | 3. Doesn't require you to believe it based on bad evidence
         | (already delivers the cheapest and slickest rides to space).
        
           | GDC7 wrote:
           | > Doesn't require you to believe it based on bad evidence
           | 
           | What about the promise that you'd be able to have your
           | present day quality of life on Mars?
           | 
           | That's basically the equivalent of "if you pray enough and
           | donate X money to the church , you'd go to Heaven".
           | 
           | Ironically the same people who stand behind the concept of
           | "the big lie" and categorically deny the "lab leak theory" ,
           | have no problem believing in the above nonsense, even though
           | the probabilities of that happening is many orders of
           | magnitude lower than an election being stolen or a viral
           | agent being accidentally released in the external
           | environment.
           | 
           | Curious.
           | 
           | Nothing in the entire world is more dangerous than a person
           | with lots of _book smarts_ but zero _street smarts_
           | 
           | When lots of book smarts people with zero street smarts are
           | being recruited by a cult leader the most terrible things
           | happen.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | I got news for you buddy. Neuralink is being researched and
         | lasers that communicate in space that are already on Starlink
         | sats.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | >> A space-adapted tractor needs better paint, a vacuum
       | compatible hydraulic power source, vacuum-rated bearings,
       | lubricants, wire insulation, and a redundant remote control
       | sensor kit. I can see NASA partnering with industry to produce
       | and test these parts, but that is no way to service the
       | institutional overhead embodied by a team of hundreds of people
       | toiling on a single mission for a decade.
       | 
       | If one function of NASA is to redistribute pork spending around
       | the country, that seems like an even better way to do it. Rather
       | than have contractors that strictly focus on NASA activities, use
       | existing companies and fund projects to make space-capable
       | versions of existing equipment. That also means the money can be
       | shuffled around more as needed.
        
       | theshadowknows wrote:
       | I know that going into space is sexy and nerdy and cool and that
       | it's a difficult problem. What I don't get is why so many people
       | think about going to space and spend so much money on it when
       | there are people in the US who drink water that catches on
       | fire..and people elsewhere who don't have access to water at all.
       | Seems like we should work on the truly hard problems rather than
       | the ones that are basically "just go up, really fast"
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | The problem with waiting for all of humanity's problems to be
         | solved before doing space things is that humanity's problems
         | will never all be solved, and thus space things will never
         | happen.
         | 
         | It's also just not a resources problem. There is ample cash and
         | manpower to make both space and clean drinking water for
         | everybody happen. The real issue is the political will and
         | obstructions to those who have such will. The fix for drinking
         | water specifically is to vote out all who oppose improving
         | public infrastructure.
        
         | _plg_ wrote:
         | Why not to do both?
        
         | aero-glide2 wrote:
         | So much money on it? NASA budget is $23B, total govt spending
         | is $4000B. Show me your math.
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | If we use the same logic, don't we get a conclusion that we
         | should spend nothing on basic research until we've solved world
         | hunger, and every other problem?
         | 
         | I agree that we should invest more into safe drinking water
         | (though lead seems like much more of a problem than catching
         | fire). But I don't think it would be wise to dedicate 100% of
         | our nation's resources into the problem.
         | 
         | Some amount of R&D seems like a worthwhile investment, even
         | when other pressing problems exist.
        
           | himinlomax wrote:
           | > If we use the same logic, don't we get a conclusion that we
           | should spend nothing on basic research until we've solved
           | world hunger, and every other problem?
           | 
           | If I were to sum it up less charitably, I'd say that OP is
           | arguing that if he can't walk and chew gum at the same time,
           | humanity can't either.
        
             | theshadowknows wrote:
             | lol ok little buddy
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | Not only that, but R&D can sometimes solve the other problem.
           | Like synthetic nitrogen for fertilizers.
           | 
           | A lot of people say (I have no idea how true this is) that
           | the problem isn't growing enough food, it's getting that food
           | too people. What if we can grow rice or wheat on the moon, or
           | ganymeade, or a spacestation or whatnot and drop it where it
           | needs to go a-la Moon Is A Harsh Mistress style.
           | 
           | R&D is looking forward. Pointing at it and saying "people are
           | hungry" is willfully ignorant of how science has played a
           | roll in feeding more and more people and is a defeatists
           | attitude.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _If we use the same logic, don't we get a conclusion that
           | we should spend nothing on basic research until we've solved
           | world hunger, and every other problem?_
           | 
           | Sounds like a very good principle.
           | 
           | Like, if you can't fix war at the level of horses, bayonets
           | and canons, maybe not go for inventing aircrafts and tanks
           | and machine guns just yet - you'll just get new wars
           | leveraging those improved means, oh wait!
        
             | ncallaway wrote:
             | > Sounds like a very good principle.
             | 
             | Does it? Such a world wouldn't have increased crop
             | production, and would regularly suffer from otherwise
             | preventable famines.
             | 
             | I imagine far _more_ people would be hungry in the world
             | where we forego all R &D in an effort to solve hunger.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | You're still allowed R&D to solve hunger...
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | But that's not really how fundamental research or
               | technological advancement works.
               | 
               | A ton of our advances in improving crop productivity came
               | out of research that wasn't directly related to solving
               | hunger.
               | 
               | The modern internal combustion engine, for example,
               | brought together many technologies and came out of
               | advancement of many different kinds of research and
               | manufacturing changes. If, in the 1500s you had focused
               | _all_ of your R &D efforts on improving food production
               | and distribution, there's a good chance you never invent
               | the ICE.
               | 
               | That's the thing about R&D, the discoveries in some areas
               | often overlap with uses in other areas (sometimes in
               | complex ways that we don't discover for a long time). So
               | if you say: "we'll only do R&D in food production", you
               | might actual end up stifling many technologies that would
               | have massively helped you with food production down the
               | line.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Great so nobody ever researches anything and we still all
             | live in the stone age.
             | 
             | But at least we are pure in our hearts that we didn't mis-
             | allocate resources when people were starving.
             | 
             | That this mindset exists blows my mind.
             | 
             | > Like, if you can't fix war at the level of horses,
             | bayonets and canons, maybe not go for inventing aircrafts
             | and tanks and machine guns just yet
             | 
             | Aside from the practical, problem of "Great way to get
             | killed by people with guns that you don't have".
             | 
             | The underlying philosophy is equally flawed. Its like
             | picking out of the technology bucket only things you don't
             | like.
             | 
             | The same things that made those things possible also made a
             | huge number of other things possible that would otherwise
             | not have existed at all.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Great so nobody ever researches anything and we still
               | all live in the stone age._
               | 
               | Sounds far more climate friendly. Also moving out of
               | stone age only once we've stopped with hunger and war?
               | Sign me in!
               | 
               | > _The underlying philosophy is equally flawed. Its like
               | picking out of the technology bucket only things you don
               | 't like._
               | 
               | God forbid we're picky with the tecnologies we adopt!
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Why are you an Hacker News, there are literally people dying
         | right now that you could be saving.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | Solving food and clean water is not a technology problem. It's
         | a political choice. The money exists to solve those things not
         | just for the US but worldwide.
         | 
         | I'm very much in favour of political change to solve them, but
         | I long ago resigned myself to accepting that there's very
         | little benefit in individual action to try to counter them
         | other than to feel good unless a majority is willing to commit
         | to the necessary societal change.
         | 
         | Meanwhile the money spent on space is a rounding error compared
         | to the many other places you can also choose to cut to lift
         | people out of horrible living conditions, yet so many people
         | focus their ire on space, which, while some of the flights are
         | wasteful, have as a sector done immeasurable amounts of good in
         | terms of improving our ability to e.g. feed the planet (weather
         | forecasting and crop monitoring for example), and will continue
         | to provide advances for a long time.
         | 
         | Focusing the frustrations on space exploration and technology
         | improvement rather than on the lack of political will to solve
         | the problems you mention solves nothing.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Not to mention that surviving on Mars will require living
           | with little water and low water agriculture that might help
           | many people.
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | To add, solving world hunger is more than just give everyone
           | food. The USA had been supplying cheap/food to countries but
           | this started causing the farmers in those countries to stop
           | growing food because they could not compete with the free
           | food. So either the US is a monster because they are
           | undercutting the local market or they are a monster because
           | they are throwing away food when people are going hungry.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | You're right, but that's "just" a political problem too in
             | the sense that it's a matter of willingness to spend the
             | money near those who need aid rather than near the giver.
             | Reducing subsidies in developed countries and instead
             | paying to upgrade farming in developing countries would be
             | one way.
             | 
             | So sure, giving food away is not a perfect solution other
             | than for short term crises, but it's still a problem that
             | is entirely solvable if there was will to do so.
        
         | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
         | Why not do both?
         | 
         | Run for office on your platform and I'll probably vote for you.
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | > why so many people think about going to space and spend so
         | much money on it when there are people in the US who drink
         | water that catches on fire
         | 
         | Because people drinking bad water are poor so it's not
         | profitable to help them. This problem can be solved with
         | current technology (and in fact was solved in many countries
         | with slightly stricter environmental legislation).
         | 
         | > Seems like we should work on the truly hard problems rather
         | than the ones that are basically "just go up, really fast"
         | 
         | The problem with that is assuming that focusing on solving
         | problem X is the way to solve problem X. In history it often
         | turned out that problem X was only solved by people who ignored
         | X and worked on Y instead.
         | 
         | For example the hard problem of 70% of kids dying before
         | adulthood wasn't mostly solved thanks to people who worked on
         | it (shamans, healers and priests) but by people who worked on
         | "useless" abstract stuff like math, philosophy and writing
         | systems. If we put everybody on it we would still devise new
         | ways of praying or dancing to stop gods killing infants.
         | 
         | In general it's better not to put EVERYBODY on the same
         | problem. Humankind is pretty good at solving many problems in
         | parallel. Some people are better at X, others at Y. Also there
         | might be interactions that we don't know upfront. Maybe
         | designing space colonies gives us a cheap way to filter water
         | on Earth as a byproduct? Would be pretty stupid to wait forever
         | because we guessed the order wrong.
         | 
         | Cancer is more serious than broken bones or flu, but it doesn't
         | mean that we should assign all doctors to only deal with cancer
         | until it's solved.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Money spent on going to space doesn't vanish in an exhaust
         | plume. The money spent building a rocket is paying for the
         | ongoing training, expertise and development of precision
         | machining, software control systems, welding techniques,
         | project management, infrastructure upgrades etc.
         | 
         | Though that's not really the issue anyway: the US's problems
         | aren't caused by a lack of funding, they're caused by a lack of
         | political will and a populace which is in part completely happy
         | with the current state of affairs and votes accordingly.
         | People's townwater isn't flammable because we didn't spend
         | enough money fixing that problem: it's because the government
         | (and voters) are in aggregate, completely happy to let it
         | happen. Money - distinctly - will not buy a solution.
        
         | jxidjhdhdhdhfhf wrote:
         | Are you truly living your life in the way you are suggesting
         | other people should here? Do you, for example, eschew all
         | spending that's remotely luxurious and donate it to people that
         | have way less than you?
         | 
         | My point is, lead by example if you want others to follow.
        
         | wokwokwok wrote:
         | This is a difficult argument to argue with because it doesn't
         | have any constraints.
         | 
         | Instead of doing X why don't we do any of the Y other things we
         | could do?
         | 
         | Surely, at least some subset of Y is more important than X,
         | right?
         | 
         | ...but, is it?
         | 
         | Are we better off, _specifically_ with spending slightly more
         | money on proving people with water, than having weather
         | forecasts that can help thousands of farmer provide better
         | yields and grow more food?
         | 
         | Could we not say, spend a little bit less on building guns and
         | use that money to do it instead? There's loads more money in
         | guns than space and hell, and wtf are the people crying for us
         | to stop doing that?
         | 
         | My observation has been, that people who want space funding
         | redirected are not familiar with the benefits it provides, and
         | fail to understand that the funding is, actually,
         | insignificant.
         | 
         | There's a good write up of this here:
         | https://www.planetary.org/space-policy/nasa-budget
         | 
         | What wrong with investing in science?
         | 
         | :(
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _Are we better off, specifically with spending slightly
           | more money on proving people with water, than having weather
           | forecasts that can help thousands of farmer provide better
           | yields and grow more food?_
           | 
           | And, with the crumbling infrastructure, declining middle
           | class, poverty stricken working class, and so on, how's that
           | worked out for us?
        
             | Atreiden wrote:
             | We've been _under_ investing in scientific research,
             | especially in regards to space, for decades.
             | 
             | What spending we do have is usually focused on militaristic
             | applications.
             | 
             | How does this reflect poorly on space travel research? If
             | you're using the current status quo to argue that spending
             | priorities are broken, you're not arguing against NASA
             | funding. You're arguing against the military-industrial
             | complex.
             | 
             | If important research is done through public agencies, the
             | public reaps the benefits of this research. If private
             | industry is allowed to take the reins, corporate interests
             | and shareholders are the ones who benefit.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | So the middle class is poor because a tiny part of the
             | budget is invested in space?
             | 
             | I don't understand what argument you are trying to make.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _So the middle class is poor because a tiny part of the
               | budget is invested in space?_
               | 
               | No, it's poor because the same logic that invests that
               | "tiny part of the budget" in space (and prints billions
               | of money to fund the likes of Musk, Bezos, and so on),
               | also runs the other investments and public policy
               | decisions.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > and prints billions of money to fund the likes of Musk,
               | Bezos, and so on
               | 
               | That's not how monetary policy works but ok ...
               | 
               | > also runs the other investments and public policy
               | decisions
               | 
               | So you don't like some things the government does and
               | therefore anything the government does is bad and we can
               | have no argument about what spending is good and what is
               | bad?
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _That 's not how monetary policy works but ok ..._
               | 
               | Modern QE, for example, is not traditional monetary
               | policy anyway, but ok. Nor is playing with such a huge
               | percentage of the GDP, or facilitating lending to the
               | already rich, to use to stock their fireplaces, VC bets,
               | and in general, getting richer on a cheap supply of
               | money...
               | 
               | > _So you don 't like some things the government does and
               | therefore anything the government does is bad and we can
               | have no argument about what spending is good and what is
               | bad?_
               | 
               | On the contrary, I like government. I just with it did
               | things as a government of/for the people, as opposed as a
               | lackey to oligarchs. You know, reigning on them, instead
               | of high fiving them and being in their pockets. Or
               | printing money to keep the bubble alive, so they can play
               | with their phallic rockets.
        
           | theshadowknows wrote:
           | I'm not arguing that no one should focus on space and I'm
           | certainly not arguing that no one should focus on
           | science..it's the opposite in fact. It just seems to me that
           | going to space is sort of a solved problem, and that now
           | we're just trying to figure out how to do it a little bit
           | better and in a way that generates revenue. But since there
           | are problems that remain unsolved, you'd think that people
           | who are bright enough to tackle admittedly difficult problems
           | like going to space better than we already do would _want_ to
           | tackle really hard problems, rather than just sort of
           | iterating on an existing design.
           | 
           | Right now we have a new space race, it's just between
           | companies instead of countries.
        
         | oxplot wrote:
         | > spend so much money on it
         | 
         | If you actually look at $$$ going into space development, it's
         | minuscule compared with say, just marketing cost of Windows
         | Vista ($500 million whereas development of Falcon 9 rocket was
         | in $400 million range).
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | NASA is hamstrung by Congress here. Congress mandated the SLS
       | program. It's not meant to be competitive with SpaceX. SLS is a
       | jobs program for key districts, no more, no less. It's welfare
       | for Boeing.
       | 
       | I don't know if NASA personnel cannot plan for or even discuss
       | SpaceX. It's probably not that overt. The powers there probably
       | just realize it'd be career suicide to do so.
       | 
       | I completely agree that reducing LEO payload costs (in $/kg) by 2
       | or even 3 orders of magnitude will be game-changing.
       | 
       | Personally I'd like to see a viable competitor to SpaceX here
       | because competition is good and it drives innovation. But it
       | isn't Boeing, ULA or even Blue Origin. I actually think Blue
       | Origin is so culturally broken that you'd almost be better off
       | starting from scratch.
        
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