[HN Gopher] Project Gutenberg is no longer fully blocked in Germany
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Project Gutenberg is no longer fully blocked in Germany
        
       They settled their 2015 lawsuit and will only be blocking these
       specific works.  More information and Background:
       https://cand.pglaf.org/germany/index.html
        
       Author : Vespasian
       Score  : 388 points
       Date   : 2021-10-28 09:28 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
       | dtech wrote:
       | Absurd that there are lawsuits from 2015 about 110 year old
       | books.
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | > Q: So the court thinks that the presence of content in German
       | means that courts in Germany have jurisdiction, regardless of the
       | fact that PGLAF is entirely in the US? > A: Yes, that was the
       | original basis of the claim for jurisdiction, which the Court
       | accepted in their judgment.
       | 
       | ummm, what? Imagine if the UK, or US claimed jurisdiction over
       | any website that published content in English.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | The US has been happy to claim jurisdiction when- and wherever
         | they damn well please
        
         | germanier wrote:
         | That's only half the story. The court based it on the following
         | facts:
         | 
         | * The website was accessible from Germany
         | 
         | * The website was partly translated into German
         | 
         | * The website offered German-language content
         | 
         | * The explicitly offered worldwide service ("anyone anywhere")
         | 
         | * There was a disclaimer directed at people not located in the
         | US
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | Project Gutenburg was blocked in Germany ? news to me, weird..
       | especialy considering the torrents and spy action that has
       | happened in the same 25 years, while this token effort protects
       | companies formed in the 1950s.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Not only in Germany. Also in Italy, as of May 2020 (those
         | hardly definable beasts that carved their way into the state
         | made a bunch of targets associating Project Gutenberg with
         | pirate sites).
        
         | pgeorgi wrote:
         | In this case Project Gutenberg blocked German IP ranges to try
         | to avoid legal issues (and since they wanted to make a point
         | didn't only block the material under debate but their entire
         | site). That overblocking approach seems to be what they changed
         | now in favor of a targeted block of just Thomas Mann's work or
         | whatever it is the German publishers have been complaining
         | about.
         | 
         | Why would a torrent site do the same?
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | What would have happened if Gutenberg had ignored the German
       | court's ruling?
       | 
       | Does Germany have any leverage over an institution that is fully
       | based in the US?
       | 
       | If so, does it mean that, as a hypothetical website owner, I need
       | to understand and be compliant with every law in every possible
       | country, or risk fines / imprisonment?
        
         | Mindwipe wrote:
         | > If so, does it mean that, as a hypothetical website owner, I
         | need to understand and be compliant with every law in every
         | possible country, or risk fines / imprisonment?
         | 
         | This has literally always been the case. Some nations have
         | legal statutes that they will not enforce a foreign judgement
         | against their own citizens (such as the US shield against UK
         | libel judgements) but you're on your own if you leave your
         | country of residence. Plenty of US newspapers still block
         | access to the UK of stories they feel legal risk from for
         | example, because their owners would like to go on holidays
         | sometimes.
         | 
         | Extra territorial enforcement is a lot more muddy than people
         | think, but it's never, ever been the case that you're fine if
         | you're incorporated in a different territory. If they can
         | demonstrate that there's a body of people in their country
         | accessing the site, then generally you are liable. It's just if
         | the legal system considers that to be too much of a pain to
         | worry about.
        
         | saddlerustle wrote:
         | My understanding is it's complicated in the US, but between
         | most other western countries there are treaties allowing
         | foreign judgements to be enforced domestically.
         | 
         | >If so, does it mean that, as a hypothetical website owner, I
         | need to understand and be compliant with every law in every
         | possible country, or risk fines / imprisonment?
         | 
         | By the letter of the law, yes. The idea of a borderless
         | internet never had specific legal standing, it's just largely a
         | convention on non-enforcement.
        
         | cl3misch wrote:
         | I guess maybe, iff you host content copyrighted in Germany?
        
       | pavon wrote:
       | I'm curious as to what changed PGLAF's mind. Blocking those
       | specific works was all that the court ordered 3 years ago.
       | Blocking everything was PGLAF's own decision based on perceived
       | risk of further lawsuits about other works. Nothing has really
       | changed to decrease that risk. The plaintiffs may have agreed
       | that those are the only works they own that were in violation,
       | and won't sue about anything else, but any other German who hold
       | the copyright to works are still valid there but not the US still
       | could.
        
       | voidpointer wrote:
       | What I'm not getting: If Project Gutenberg is US based, how can
       | they be dragged in front of a German court at all? How could a
       | German court enforce anything on a US based entity? So couldn'd
       | PG's response just have been to ignore the case? What would have
       | happened then?
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | Presumably, nothing could "force" them, but without cooperation
         | they would simply be blocked forever in Germany.
        
       | willvarfar wrote:
       | Was there any general awareness in Germany the PG was blocked,
       | and if so, did activism arise?
       | 
       | Or did PG block, and mainstream Germany not notice? Or did
       | Germans just shrug and use proxies?
       | 
       | Personally I am a PG user but I'm not in Germany. And I've read
       | several PG books. But I have also noticed that the download count
       | for many of them is really really low, which is basically saying
       | that PG doesn't have a lot or actual users :(
       | 
       | Let's fix this! Everyone reading this post should go download a
       | nice book from PG and actually read it! ;)
        
         | pgeorgi wrote:
         | There's a German-language "Projekt Gutenberg"[1] as well, a
         | long time maintained by the publisher Spiegel. They're the more
         | popular project of that kind in Germany, so people probably
         | didn't notice what Project Gutenberg was doing.
         | 
         | They claim some kind of edition copyright on the works as re-
         | published by them[2] which is funny or sad, depending on how
         | you look at it.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/info/texte/info.html
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | Yes, I was annoyed by it being blocked here.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | zmix wrote:
           | LOL, same here! But, AFAIK, nothing more happened, except us
           | being extremely annoyed.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | There was no general awareness AFAIK. I'm from Germany and only
         | learnt about it when I went to their site to download a book I
         | was interested in (back in 2019 I think), found out it was
         | blocked, researched the reason, found out that they didn't
         | actually have to block everything, got angry (partly at the
         | plaintiffs, but mostly at PG for their "overcompliance"), then
         | shrugged and downloaded the book from somewhere else. So if
         | this overcompliance was really intended to "instrumentalize"
         | their readers, like the plaintiffs said, then I guess they
         | unfortunately overestimated their impact.
         | 
         | The news that the blocking has been removed was reported
         | yesterday by IT news sites (e.g.
         | https://www.heise.de/news/Literaturportal-Project-
         | Gutenberg-...), but it wasn't exactly front page news either...
        
       | earthboundkid wrote:
       | It's too bad that PG is totally reader hostile. :-P It could be a
       | great source for the readers of the world. Instead it's a bunch
       | of unreadable text files that give "entrepreneurs" the raw
       | material they need to put out a bunch of $1 ebooks.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | What are you talking about? You can download PG books in ePub
         | and Kindle formats directly from the site. Are you thinking of
         | a different project?
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | Why would you say so? I think it is really good that they offer
         | to view the book lots of formats. And they haven't came up with
         | their own scrolling solution, still scrolling the full book
         | HTML is faster than any modern site.
         | 
         | Also, if I wanted to read a book to the full, I wouldn't have
         | read it in their interface no matter how better they would be.
         | So I like to quickly view text then download epub.
        
         | revolvingocelot wrote:
         | PG's goal is the digitization and long-term storage of public-
         | domain written materials, and I'm glad that's all they're
         | doing.
         | 
         | I think you're looking for Standard Ebooks [0][1], which
         | utilizes (usually) Project Gutenberg-sourced text, original-
         | edition illustrations, and volunteer editors to create
         | professional, free-as-in-beer ebooks.
         | 
         | [0] https://standardebooks.org/
         | 
         | [1] I tend to write, or only ever see, "eBooks", but Standard
         | Ebooks styles it "Ebooks". That's the only thing I don't like
         | about them, and I really really don't like it. Given my
         | uncontroversial acceptance of the capitalization used when
         | starting a sentence with the word "Email", I imagine I'll live.
        
         | rsstack wrote:
         | First: Browsing around the website, all books I could reach
         | from the homepage or by searching for titles I could think of
         | are available in multiple digital formats.
         | 
         | Second: PG is older than PDF, EPUB, MOBI, and even HTML. It
         | isn't too surprising to me that there are works there that are
         | text only.
        
           | splonk wrote:
           | I remember reading plain text books from PG at work ~20 years
           | ago. The network was monitored so I had to bring them in on a
           | 3.5" floppy. Having probably read thousands of pages that
           | way, it's a bit odd to see plain text described as
           | "unreadable".
        
       | da_big_ghey wrote:
       | Maybe stupid question, if PGLAF is based in U.S.A., why not just
       | tell plantiff to piss off and ignore any lawsuit in foreign
       | jurisdiction? If no server is in Germany and no business is
       | conducted in Germany why waste money on this instead of expanding
       | project?
        
       | ho_schi wrote:
       | I want state here on fact, the "copyright" is an rather new
       | anglon-saxon invention and was only later imported to Germany[1].
       | Interestingly, the era of the "land of poets and thinkers" and
       | the economic rise of Germany was boosted by the fact - that there
       | were no copyrights laws which hindered. Authors had to publish
       | good and more work.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright#Background
       | 
       | Quote from Wikipedia
       | 
       |  _Printing brought profound social changes. The rise in literacy
       | across Europe led to a dramatic increase in the demand for
       | reading matter. Prices of reprints were low, so publications
       | could be bought by poorer people, creating a mass audience. In
       | German language markets before the advent of copyright, technical
       | materials, like popular fiction, were inexpensive and widely
       | available; it has been suggested this contributed to Germany 's
       | industrial and economic success. After copyright law became
       | established (in 1710 in England and Scotland, and in the 1840s in
       | German-speaking areas) the low-price mass market vanished, and
       | fewer, more expensive editions were published; distribution of
       | scientific and technical information was greatly reduced._
       | 
       | And from the history arctile
       | 
       |  _Heinrich Heine, in a 1854 letter to his publisher, complains:
       | "Due to the tremendously high prices you have established, I will
       | hardly see a second edition of the book anytime soon. But you
       | must set lower prices, dear Campe, for otherwise I really don't
       | see why I was so lenient with my material interests."_
       | 
       | It is not okay to claim other works as yours, publish private
       | material or just don't give you a fair share upon your work.
       | Probably we should have opted for another approach than
       | "copyright" or "patents". Luckily the US at least got "Fair Use"
       | and maybe the idea of a "Culture Flatrate" from Germany is also a
       | good idea.
        
         | phrz wrote:
         | Copyright is, probably, very Continental. In the late 15th
         | century, before the arrival of the printing press to England,
         | Venice had become the "capital of printing," and the Venetian
         | Cabinet granted the first exclusive right to publish a
         | particular book to Daniele Barbaro for a term of ten years.
         | Christopher May (2002) The Venetian Moment: New Technologies,
         | Legal Innovation and the Institutional Origins of Intellectual
         | Property, Prometheus, 20:2, 172, DOI:
         | 10.1080/08109020210138979. It was only later that England
         | codified the concept of copyright.
        
         | Igelau wrote:
         | > the "copyright" is an rather new anglon-saxon invention and
         | was only later imported to Germany
         | 
         | Hmm... it's not exactly "new" if it's older than the unified
         | German state...
        
       | linspace wrote:
       | When you feel you are not doing anything useful think that maybe
       | at least you are not doing anything harmful. What an incredible
       | waste of money and time to avoid culture distribution, their
       | authors long ago dead.
        
       | NoCanDo wrote:
       | Fischer being the cunts they are.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Scummy corporations are gonna be scummy if the law lets them do
         | it. If it's not Fischer, it's gonna be someone else. This is
         | more of a failure of the legal system which enable such
         | behavior.
        
       | MayeulC wrote:
       | Better submit an URL and your post as a comment :)
        
         | Vespasian wrote:
         | Thanks. I'll keep it in mind for next time :)
        
       | heisig wrote:
       | This is great news! This is a wonderful project, and the fact
       | that it wasn't accessible from Germany made me profoundly sad and
       | angry.
       | 
       | I hope the responsible copyright lawyers have a hard time
       | sleeping because of this and consider changing their line of
       | work. If you are blocking people from reading books in the public
       | domain, it is a good indication that you are one of the bad guys.
       | 
       | Even worse, they only blocked people from Germany that didn't
       | know how to use a VPN. German courts really don't get how the
       | internet works.
        
         | IanSanders wrote:
         | >I hope the responsible copyright lawyers have a hard time
         | sleeping because of this and consider changing their line of
         | work.
         | 
         | Risking going off tangent, I highly doubt that would happen.
         | When you work in a domain, your entire life becomes _it_ , you
         | slowly lose wider context and alternative perspective. I doubt
         | there are many people who purposefully want to be the bad guys,
         | it seems more like "learned indifference". Just like many
         | people who eat meat on a daily basis but would be uncomfortable
         | with a thought of a chicken being killed in a process (and some
         | freak out from a sight of a live lobster in a restaurant tank).
         | Maybe it's a negative side of the "flow" - losing some degree
         | of empathy.
        
         | gusennan wrote:
         | I agree it's good news that the project complied with the
         | original court order from 2018, which was to block the works on
         | German IP addresses that are still under German copyright law.
         | Why would American copyright law apply in Germany? It's a bit
         | disingenous of Project G that, instead of blocking access to
         | just these books in Germany, they blocked access to the all the
         | books. That was project G's, and not the German court's,
         | decision. I'm glad they've changed their minds.
        
           | mannerheim wrote:
           | > Why would American copyright law apply in Germany?
           | 
           | It doesn't. Project Gutenberg is an American entity, and
           | operated entirely in the US. This is like asking why should
           | American free speech laws apply in Thailand in regards to
           | Thailand enforcing lese-majeste laws on an American website.
        
             | Archelaos wrote:
             | > and operated entirely in the US.
             | 
             | The problem is that it sent copyrighted files to Germany
             | (outside the U.S.). The court order only demands to stop
             | this.
             | 
             | I doubt that the order is enforcible on U.S. soil. But if
             | individuals associated with an uncomplying organization set
             | foot in or have assets in a territory where the order could
             | be enforced, they risk real consequences.
        
               | mannerheim wrote:
               | US websites which insult the Thai monarchy also send
               | illegal files to Thailand.
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | Disclaimer: I'm not a lawyer.
         | 
         | If you look at it from an EU perspective, if you download a
         | book that still falls under copyright in the EU (without
         | permisison) and the server is in the EU, then obviously this is
         | a copyright violation and the person who makes the work
         | available on the server has a problem.
         | 
         | If the server is not in the EU, then the person downloading the
         | book is essentially importing a copyrighted work into the EU
         | without permission of the owner. Which is also a copyright
         | violation.
         | 
         | Then the question becomes to what extent the person who makes
         | the work available has ties to the EU. The stronger the ties,
         | the more effort can be required to avoid such illegal imports.
         | For example, if there would be ads targeted at the German
         | public, then courts would be very quick that this falls under
         | jurisdiction of German courts.
         | 
         | So people in German who would use a VPN to get around the
         | block, who still violate copyright law in Germany.
        
         | germanier wrote:
         | > Even worse, they only blocked people from Germany that didn't
         | know how to use a VPN. German courts really don't get how the
         | internet works.
         | 
         | German courts are aware of the existence of means to circumvent
         | such a block but don't see that as a reason to not even try.
         | See e.g BGH, 26.11.2015 - I ZR 174/14
        
         | SapporoChris wrote:
         | I ran into the site being blocked a couple of weeks ago.
         | Changed VPN settings to a server in another country and had
         | access without issues.
         | 
         | Just saying, the blocking was rather trivial to bypass.
        
         | chronogram wrote:
         | The German copyright law doesn't seem unnecessarily vague,
         | simply life+70 years, which is why there are now two authors
         | blocked (3 at the time of the link). If you have a problem with
         | Germany's life+70 years then you shouldn't be upset with the
         | lawyers, you should be upset with your government to change
         | your government's copyright laws to match whatever the US does.
        
           | pgeorgi wrote:
           | It's a bit more complicated: The US adopted[1] the
           | international regimen (life + 70) with an exception that US
           | statute of limitations from before 1978 continue to apply to
           | works published in the US before 1978.
           | 
           | So the US adopted everybody else's rules but has an escape
           | hatch for older works - that only applies in the US and this
           | is where the contention over these 3-5 works comes from.
           | 
           | The US later extended the "70 years" rule for anonymous,
           | pseudonymous and work-for-hire works to cover 95 years since
           | publication or 120 years since creation (whatever happens
           | first) because The Mouse squeaked[2].
           | 
           | I'd prefer Germany not to adopt that one.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-duration.html
           | 
           | [2]
           | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Term_Extension_Act
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | tut-urut-utut wrote:
           | > you should be upset with your government to change your
           | government's copyright laws to match whatever the US does.
           | 
           | Why should every government copy what US does?
        
             | Mindwipe wrote:
             | At least in this case the US copied Europe with it's term
             | extensions (Disney certainly weren't unhappy about it but
             | the notion that Disney drove this is a bit of a myth). And
             | Europe set that term length when the EU unified terms
             | because it set it at the longest length from the member
             | nations at the time, which was Germany's life+70 years.
             | 
             | It's pretty interesting but the current global norm for
             | copyright duration is, due to circumstance, almost entirely
             | based on German norms.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > the notion that Disney drove this is a bit of a myth
               | 
               | I thought it was Elvis Presley.
        
             | mantas wrote:
             | Looks like OP wants German laws to match US laws in this
             | department. So he should be angry at lawmakers, not at
             | lawyers.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Sssh! If you tell foreign courts and litigants about VPNs,
         | they'll stop accepting "we'll block it in your country if you
         | get off our backs" and start demanding international
         | jurisdiction.
         | 
         | At that point "it's legal in my country" will no longer suffice
         | for anything online (which is basically everything). Everyone
         | will need to be in compliance with the most restrictive subset
         | of the law. Just in the realm of copyright, the public domain
         | would be dramatically curtailed. All you would need is one rich
         | country with strong legal ties to other nations and an appetite
         | for perpetual copyright, and you would have a judgment mill by
         | which you can make using any public domain content extremely
         | risky.
         | 
         | The current status quo of country-by-country blocking may seem
         | silly to people who know how to evade those blocks, but it
         | makes courts happy and walls off the worst effects of copyright
         | maximalism.
        
           | myohmy wrote:
           | Hell will freeze over before we get an international court.
           | 
           | The US literally has a law on the books to invade the
           | International Criminal Court in the Netherlands if GWB is
           | ever held trial for war crimes (wars of aggression have been
           | a war crime since the end of WW2).
        
             | ren_engineer wrote:
             | >The US literally has a law on the books
             | 
             | laws can change, I'd personally love to see some of our
             | politicians and military leadership get punished for lying
             | to the American people and the damage they did to entire
             | nations around the world. A lot of people my age feel the
             | same, some of these people better hope they croak before a
             | younger generation can hold them accountable
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | I'm not sure that's relevant, since the Hague Invasion
             | Act[0] only applies to war crimes. There's all sorts of
             | other cases in which the US is perfectly happy with other
             | countries asserting jurisdiction over it's own citizens.
             | The US has signed plenty of extradition treaties that allow
             | other countries access to US citizens who commit acts which
             | are crimes in both jurisdictions[1].
             | 
             | Furthermore, copyright is usually treated as a civil tort;
             | and the US also has processes to domesticate and enforce
             | foreign court orders under US jurisdiction should someone
             | decide to play scofflaw. There's _plenty_ of international
             | cooperation that makes the whole concept of  "jurisdiction
             | ends at national borders" null and void.
             | 
             | [0] Not the real name of the act, but this is funnier.
             | 
             | [1] If you're curious, there _are_ countries that object to
             | criminal extradition. Notably, France considers French
             | nationality to constitute immunity to any extradition
             | treaty it signs. Though, they haven 't promised to invade
             | countries over it like the US did.
        
             | consumer451 wrote:
             | While extremely significant, I don't think that's the only
             | reason. It is possibly even worse and the blame sometimes
             | even falls outside of US borders.
             | 
             | We live in a world largely run by multinational
             | corporations who would prefer to continue operating in a
             | world devoid of multinational jurisprudence.
        
             | winstonewert wrote:
             | Where can I read more about this?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Inter
               | nat...
               | 
               | "In 2002, the U.S. Congress passed the American Service-
               | Members' Protection Act (ASPA), which contained a number
               | of provisions, including authorization of the President
               | to "use all means necessary and appropriate to bring
               | about the release of any U.S. or allied personnel being
               | detained by, on behalf of, or at the request of the
               | International Criminal Court""
        
         | zmix wrote:
         | In Germany, the concept of "Public Domain" does not exist.
         | (EDIT: It may exist 70 years after the authors death). IANAL.
         | 
         | Besides that, even if it would, the books would not have been
         | in the Public Domain. From the announcement:
         | 
         | > In Germany, they are copyrighted based on "life +70 years" of
         | copyright protection (so, copyright will expire after 2020,
         | 2025 and 2027, respectively).
         | 
         | From a legal and business perspective, neither German
         | legislation nor the Fischer Verlag are at fault here. It's just
         | the way it is (in Germany): Creators hold their intellectual
         | property for life and can make sure, their heir profits from
         | the work of the (grand)parents, as well (+70 years after death
         | of copyright holder).
         | 
         | And while I understand, that Project Gutenberg has limited
         | resources and may have no desire to do the extra work of
         | blocking works on a case by case basis, it would not have been
         | difficult. Instead, they have chosen to collectively punish all
         | people from Germany, which resulted us to be seven years
         | without access, at least as long we did not utilize a VPN.
         | 
         | I am very happy, that this has been resolved now. All the legal
         | hassle has cost (non-profit) money and was worthless, because
         | the solution is the same now, they could have implemented seven
         | years ago.
        
           | pgeorgi wrote:
           | > In Germany, the concept of "Public Domain" does not exist.
           | (EDIT: It may exist 70 years after the authors death). IANAL.
           | 
           | Works are "gemeinfrei" (approx. "public domain") 70 years
           | after the author's death, or 70 years after publication for
           | non-natural persons holding a copyright (e.g. corporate
           | copyright).
           | 
           | What you might think of is that there's no official way for
           | an author to release works into the public domain in Germany.
           | 
           | That, and the life+70 idea, comes from the personality rights
           | angle that underlies German (and other European) copyright:
           | Personality rights are protected for 70 years after death,
           | probably under the assumption that everybody who cares deeply
           | about a person (instead of being potentially offended in some
           | abstract sense) is also gone by then. Works are considered an
           | embodiment of the personality of their author, and so they
           | receive the same kind of protection. Just as you can't give
           | away your personality rights, you can't give away all rights
           | to your work[1]. Their commercial value, while more important
           | these days, played a secondary role in the creation of this
           | concept.
           | 
           | In comparison, the Anglo-Saxon copyright tradition (based on
           | Statute of Anne of 1710[2]) cares primarily about protecting
           | the commercial value and exploitation rights of the works,
           | with little concern about how "remixes could attack the honor
           | of the author"[3] or anything like that.
           | 
           | [1] Of course you can trade away commercial exploitation
           | rights.
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne
           | 
           | [3] To paint the German position with a very broad brush
        
             | orra wrote:
             | I know Germany doesn't do legal precedent, but is there
             | actually any case law demonstrating works can't be put into
             | the public domain?
             | 
             | The idea it can't be done is a trope at this point, but I
             | am frankly skeptical.
             | 
             | Moral rights to recognition aside, copyright can be sold,
             | like any other property. Why do we think it can't be
             | abandoned, again like any other property?
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Richard Hipp has had to gin up a license for SQLite
               | because of this.
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | SS42 UrhG (https://www.gesetze-im-
               | internet.de/urhg/__42.html, english translation
               | https://www.gesetze-im-
               | internet.de/englisch_urhg/englisch_ur...) is probably
               | core to what an author can do about their personality
               | rights in relation to their works:
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Section 42 Right of revocation for changed conviction
               | 
               | (1) The author may revoke a right of use vis-a-vis the
               | rightholder if the work no longer reflects his conviction
               | and he can therefore no longer be expected to agree to
               | the exploitation of the work. The author's successor in
               | title (section 30) may exercise the right of revocation
               | only if he can prove that the author would have been
               | entitled to exercise this right prior to his death and
               | that he was prevented from exercising the right or
               | provided for its exercise by testamentary disposition.
               | 
               | (2) The right of revocation may not be waived in advance.
               | Its exercise may not be precluded.
               | 
               | ... (more stuff that is about compensation and how you
               | can't use this clause to just start to exploit the works
               | on your own after taking it out of circulation, but not
               | relevant here) ...
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Putting stuff into the public domain would either mean:
               | 
               | - that an author waives their right to revocation in
               | advance (that "rightholder" would be the public, I
               | guess), but that's explicitly forbidden by (2) or
               | 
               | - that they can claw back the work from the public
               | domain, which keeps the work in some weird state where
               | it's PD-unless-the-author-objects.
               | 
               | The only way to put a work into something that is
               | somewhat similar to the public domain under German
               | copyright (without dying and waiting for 70 years) is to
               | publish it anonymously with a dedication to the public,
               | so that redistribution etc is clear, and then remove all
               | traces that you authored it (e.g. drafts, notes, ...) -
               | and even then it falls back to you if somebody starts
               | digging and finds proof of authorship (SS66 (2)
               | https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/urhg/__66.html,
               | english translation https://www.gesetze-im-
               | internet.de/englisch_urhg/englisch_ur...). Any legal
               | conscious redistributor wouldn't touch something like
               | that with a 10 foot pole.
               | 
               | Just use CC0, it's cleaner.
               | 
               | As for
               | 
               | > Why do we think it can't be abandoned, again like any
               | other property?
               | 
               | You can't sell yourself into slavery. That's the category
               | personality rights operate in. Does it make sense for
               | copyrights? -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | pbininda wrote:
               | Small addition: the UrhG mentioned is the
               | _Urheberrechtsgesetz_. Translated to English you would
               | call it the  "Law of rights of the originator". It is not
               | just about "the right to make copies".
        
               | kps wrote:
               | The English term is 'moral rights'.
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | Urheberpersonlichkeitsrecht (what is called "moral
               | rights" in English) is a subset of Urheberrecht.
               | 
               | UrhG covers copyright and moral rights, some stuff at the
               | intersection, and then some, but on the other hand
               | lacking a few bits covered by US copyright.
               | 
               | 1:1 mappings between legal regimes seem to be quite rare.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Just use CC0, it's cleaner.
               | 
               | Which is probably fine for most text. Although note that
               | CC0 was withdrawn from consideration by the OSI as a
               | software license primarily because of issues around the
               | patent language. (Basically the license does not grant
               | patent rights which, depending on one's position about
               | implicit grants, may or may not be an issue.) MIT-0 may
               | be a better choice for software as a result.
        
           | SkeuomorphicBee wrote:
           | > And while I understand, that Project Gutenberg has limited
           | resources and may have no desire to do the extra work of
           | blocking works on a case by case basis, it would not have
           | been difficult. Instead, they have chosen to collectively
           | punish all people from Germany, which resulted us to be seven
           | years without access, at least as long we did not utilize a
           | VPN.
           | 
           | They explain their rationale for this and it is a very sound
           | one, it is not about the difficulty to block, it is about
           | opening themselves to lawsuits. Here is the relevant quotes:
           | 
           | > Because the German Court has overstepped its jurisdiction,
           | and allowed the world's largest publishing group to bully
           | Project Gutenberg for these 18 books, there is every reason
           | to think that this will keep happening. There are thousands
           | of eBooks in the Project Gutenberg collection that could be
           | subject to similar over-reaching and illigitimate actions.
           | 
           | > [...] There is every reason to fear that this huge
           | corporation, with the backing of the German Court, will
           | continue to take legal action. In fact, at least one other
           | similar complaint arrived in 2017 about different books in
           | the Project Gutenberg collection, from another company in
           | Germany.
           | 
           | I agree with their assessment, once the German court decided
           | that all international treaties and public domain basically
           | don't exist, and decided that German courts have jurisdiction
           | over the US, it means that ALL works on the project are
           | equally "illegal" (or at least many, they can't know which
           | ones), and therefore nothing on the whole site is safe to be
           | accessible in Germany. Their only option was to block the
           | whole site or open themselves to uncountable other lawsuits
           | (and limitless amount of punitive damages).
           | 
           | As to how they reopened the site for Germany now, I can only
           | speculate, but I imagine that in the settlement they somehow
           | got some kind of assurance from the big publishers that they
           | won't sue and seek punitive damages for other works. With
           | that the project decided that the risk of lawsuit is now low
           | enough to allow for opening for Germany.
        
             | germanier wrote:
             | Which international treaties were ignored by German courts
             | in these cases?
        
               | ma2rten wrote:
               | The OP writes: "International treaties explicitly and
               | unambiguously support PGLAF's legal guidance as described
               | above: that the copyright status in one country is not
               | impacted or enforceable or otherwise relevant in other
               | countries. Plaintiff managed to find a German Court, and
               | some precedents from Germany (and, after the lawsuit was
               | filed, from the EU), which were willing to flaunt
               | international treaties by developing a theory that PGLAF
               | is under jurisdiction of the German Court system."
        
               | germanier wrote:
               | That's the biased interpretation of the PGLAF. Framing
               | the whole thing as "unambiguous", "managed to find a
               | German Court" and "some precedents" is disingenuous.
               | There is a reason they don't refer to any precedent
               | supporting their position: there is none. How can you say
               | with a straight face that the issue is unambiguous when
               | in fact there is precedence pointing in the other
               | direction?
               | 
               | Note that the courts didn't ignore those treaties and or
               | somehow ruled they weren't enforceable. They just have a
               | different interpretation of the legal contents of those
               | treaties than the PGLAF does. Law is often not black or
               | white and anyone who claims there is just one true
               | position doesn't tell you the whole truth. The issue is
               | actually pretty interesting legally and there is a lot
               | more subtlety to it than the claim that courts are
               | somehow bending the law.
        
             | pgeorgi wrote:
             | > ALL works on the project are equally "illegal" (or at
             | least many, they can't know which ones)
             | 
             | Those whose authors aren't dead for 70 years (because we
             | don't have the "pre-1978" loophole the US has). Probably
             | (but here things get vague) even limited to stuff
             | originating from German authors, even if it was also
             | published in the US pre-1978.
             | 
             | > limitless amount of punitive damages
             | 
             | Punitive damages? In Germany?
             | 
             | > I imagine that in the settlement they somehow got some
             | kind of assurance from the big publishers that they won't
             | sue and seek punitive damages for other works.
             | 
             | Project Gutenberg tried to make a stand and then found out
             | that practically nobody bothered to notice their protest.
             | Now they stop making an ass of themselves. Good on them.
        
           | wutbrodo wrote:
           | > From a legal and business perspective, neither German
           | legislation nor the Fischer Verlag are at fault here. It's
           | just the way it is (in Germany): Creators hold their
           | intellectual property for life and can make sure, their heir
           | profits from the work of the (grand)parents, as well (+70
           | years after death of copyright holder).
           | 
           | I don't follow. Aren't you describing German legislation's
           | choice to have extremely long copyright periods? How do you
           | conclude that German legislation not at fault here?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Archelaos wrote:
           | The incompatiblity of U.S. and German copyright law is not so
           | much in the momentary duration, which in both jursidictions
           | is 70 years after the author's death (exceptions apply to
           | anonymous publications). The major incompatiblities arise
           | from the regulations which were in place before the durations
           | were harmonized (for the U.S., prior to 1978).
           | 
           | On an international scale, the situation is more complicated.
           | Rougly speaking, the range for the duration of copyright is
           | from "life + 50 yrs" up to "life + 100 yrs". Wikipedia has a
           | list of these.[1] There are many countries where works from
           | up to the early 1970s are already in the public domain that
           | are still under copyright protection in the U.S. for up to
           | the next 20 years. In principle, problems may arise if the
           | country in which a work is published in the Internet sets a
           | shorter term of protection than the maximum term in this
           | list.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries%27_copyri
           | ght...
        
           | dmos62 wrote:
           | Nitpick. German intellectual property laws are part of German
           | legislation. Legislation is a body of laws. Maybe you meant
           | the German legislative community. Well, it's their
           | responsibility to maintain the legislation. Laws are not
           | immutable.
        
             | riedel wrote:
             | I think our legislative has better things to do than to
             | adopt US copyright law before 1978. Although it seems
             | unpopular IMHO it would have caused project Gutenberg no
             | harm to remove this few items until copyright is expired.
             | 
             | We are always complaining about China that they do not
             | fully honor IP. I believe it is an ethical thing to do to
             | honour the laws of the country were sth was originally
             | created even if strictly legally speaking I can move around
             | the world to circumvent unpleasant jurisdiction.
        
               | dmos62 wrote:
               | I've very little respect for intellectual property. I
               | don't see it as much more than a way to stifle culture
               | and innovation in the sake of greed. You could have a
               | sensible implementation of IP where an intellectual
               | product can be considered your property for some short
               | duration. Not decades though.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Why isn't the legislative not at fault if they have the power
           | to change but won't? The reasons you cite for having this
           | long copyright could apply anywhere. So what's the difference
           | between Germany and the US. Shouldn't we want this changed
           | everywhere.
           | 
           | I'm really trying hard not to whatabout this but tone of
           | understanding at the copyright laws in Germany just got to
           | me.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >Even worse, they only blocked people from Germany that didn't
         | know how to use a VPN. German courts really don't get how the
         | internet works.
         | 
         | I wouldn't make that assumption at all. As with many other
         | examples, such as GDPR-related geofencing, a good faith attempt
         | to restrict access usually goes a long way even if it's
         | possible for a savvy user to get around the blocks.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tpush wrote:
         | > If you are blocking people from reading books in the public
         | domain [...]
         | 
         | 'Public domain' doesn't exist in Germany.
        
           | Vespasian wrote:
           | 70 years after the last authors death it becomes public
           | domain.
           | 
           | You cannot give up all rights voluntarily.
        
           | arturh85 wrote:
           | see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29025058
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | For the purposes of the discussion here, "Gemeinfreiheit" is
           | basically the same thing.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | An important caveat is that in Germany (and Austria, I
             | think?) you can't legally dedicate a work to the public
             | domain, but you can surrender most of your legal rights to
             | a work. This is why international public domain dedications
             | often include a fallback public license.
        
       | easytiger wrote:
       | I had forgotten about this. Absurd it went on so long.
       | 
       | As it happens I'm currently reading Thomas Man's English
       | translation of Death in Venice from Gutenberg.
       | 
       | That doesn't seem to be included in the embargoed texts.
        
       | avalonpark wrote:
       | At Brigade Komarla Heights, the residential units are designed to
       | have good inflow of natural light and fresh air.
       | 
       | https://www.brigadekomarlaheights.org.in/
        
       | tinus_hn wrote:
       | Weird how they apparently have agreed to block access to books by
       | the three authors until the copyright expires, while one of them
       | died in 1950 so for that person the copyright term of life+70
       | years, which this was all about, has already expired.
        
       | zozbot234 wrote:
       | What's the status of works by Heinrich Mann, who seems to have
       | died in 1950? Shouldn't those have entered the public domain in
       | Germany on Jan 1, 2021? If so, will PG be making those works
       | available to German users?
        
         | yorwba wrote:
         | The message displayed when you try to access a blocked work
         | https://block.pglaf.org/germany.shtml states:
         | 
         |  _The block applies to seven books by author Thomas Mann (until
         | January 1, 2026) and five books by author Alfred Doblin (until
         | January 1, 2028). No other Project Gutenberg eBooks, by any
         | author, are blocked in Germany._
         | 
         | I can confirm that works by Heinrich Mann are accessible.
        
       | wortelefant wrote:
       | Waldorf Frommer is the lawyer firm that represents the publishing
       | house S Fisher Verlag who brought project Gutenberg to court, WF
       | are also notorious for mass-sending letters to supposed
       | torrenters, threatening them with a lawsuit and asking for money
       | ("Massenabmahnungen"). Glad that they lost.
       | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frommer_Legal
        
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