[HN Gopher] Stripe is kick-starting market for carbon removal
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       Stripe is kick-starting market for carbon removal
        
       Author : frumpish
       Score  : 204 points
       Date   : 2021-10-26 23:26 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | kobbe wrote:
       | The carbon removal plant in the picture is from climeworks where
       | you can subscribe to carbon removal, if anyone is interested.
       | Cost about $1000 per tonne https://climeworks.com/roadmap/orca
        
         | janj wrote:
         | Thanks for posting this, I just subscribed. They should include
         | a way to invite others to check it out, send personalized
         | invites to the emails I enter.
        
         | kisamoto wrote:
         | That's one part - they have a wide range of removal methods and
         | you can see their applications on Github:
         | https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | Is carbon directly useful? If I could extract it from the air at
       | a hypothetical zero cost, would there be a market of people
       | wanting to buy my carbon (bricks? powder?)?
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | There is market for transparent carbon crystals.
        
         | oldsecondhand wrote:
         | > Is carbon directly useful?
         | 
         | Yes we can burn it. /s
         | 
         | Then we can capture it from the air, making profit both ways.
         | It's the perpetuum mobile of business.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | That's called a closed loop, and it's actually vaguely
           | feasible for natural gas:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatier_reaction
           | 
           | The problem is that it's not cost-effective to produce
           | methane via the Sabatier process when you can just drill it
           | out of the ground.
        
         | consumer451 wrote:
         | Launch HN: Prometheus (YC W19) - Remove CO2 from Air and Turn
         | It into Gasoline
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19842240
         | 
         | Anyone know what's going on with this?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jmarbach wrote:
       | This line is telling: "Governments are going to need to be
       | purchasers to get things moving, get the cost down and improve
       | the technologies," he said.
       | 
       | If if it were so critically needed, why is there no market demand
       | for this product? Should the countries with low carbon production
       | endlessly subsidize high carbon producing countries?
       | 
       | The hysteria around climate is starting to look much like Corona
       | hysteria. Next will be the carbon passport.
       | 
       | If Stripe was serious about climate change, they would support
       | the development of nuclear energy, stop flying on airplanes, move
       | their data centers to cold climate locations, etc
        
       | tekstar wrote:
       | (This is all a rough idea in my head, with no sources to back up
       | claims, but putting it out there nonetheless)
       | 
       | Over the course of history, how we evaluate companies and value
       | them has changed. The concept of valuing companies based on
       | quarterly earnings growth, is a relatively new concept and is not
       | a necessary attribute of capitalism. So let's change how we
       | evaluate companies.
       | 
       | What if we evaluated companies based on their environmental
       | benefit or impact again? Tax break their environmental impact,
       | tax break their environmental benefit?
       | 
       | I want to see "Ford company announces third quarter results,
       | sequestering 100b tons more than expected".
        
         | GDC7 wrote:
         | > The concept of valuing companies based on quarterly earnings
         | growth
         | 
         | Maybe not quarterly earnings but there was always some sort of
         | financial metric.
         | 
         | Because financial metrics cut through the BS. If you read HN
         | and reddit you'd think Zuckerberg is some sort of terrorist
         | hiding in the mountains of Pakistan, conspiring 24/7 to
         | compromise the mental health of Americans, whereas in reality
         | if Facebook is ubiquitous in our lives, there's a clear reason
         | for it.
         | 
         | And even if Zuck mandated a maximum Facebook time per day per
         | user, you'd have people creating burner accounts to circumvent
         | that.
         | 
         | That's how people love Facebook, and it shows on quarterly
         | earnings, nothing but perfection ever since they went public.
         | 
         | Same goes for Google and Microsoft.
         | 
         | The market for techno-utopianism is alive and well even without
         | laws which mandate things such as forceful carbon
         | sequestration, all you have to do is look at the price action
         | of Tesla and Bitcoin.
         | 
         | Plus once you make a law it's very hard to remove it, just look
         | at the Patriot Act.
         | 
         | Americans don't care about terrorism the same way they did back
         | in October 2001, but still the Patriot Act is as harmful to
         | privacy as it was back then.
         | 
         | There is no guarantee that Americans will care about climate
         | change, 10 years down the road...matter of fact it's more
         | likely that people will forget about it altogether once they'd
         | start losing their parents to heart disease, cancer, alzheimer
         | and not glamorous climate change
        
           | ferdowsi wrote:
           | You're making a point about the permanence of laws by citing
           | the Patriot Act, which started to expire in 2006 and expired
           | completely in 2020.
        
             | skinnymuch wrote:
             | Permanence of the status quo adjusting would make more
             | sense. Even if the Patriot Act technically expired, I would
             | think a lot of the extra powers granted have had staying
             | power. I'm not saying I'm right about this for sure.
             | 
             | I think of Homeland Security and the Patriot Act together.
             | They were both reactions. Homeland Security isn't going any
             | where. It's likely Space Force isn't going any where even
             | while it is still considered a punch line
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | > financial metrics cut through the BS
           | 
           | Negative externalities are not 'BS' though, and may well
           | eventually get internalized at some point, which would then
           | be quite pertinent to the financials.
           | 
           | An example would be a company that has high profits because
           | it eliminates waste by dumping it in the river. Their
           | financials are good, but they don't tell you the whole
           | picture, because sooner or later, something is likely to be
           | done about the waste dumping.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Or, suppose the government charged a fee to emit CO2, and paid
         | the money to companies who pulled the CO2 back out of the
         | atmosphere?
         | 
         | Then everyone is paying the direct cost of fixing the damage
         | they do, and the money is going to people who fix the damage.
        
         | csee wrote:
         | Companies _will_ be evaluated that way if the government
         | intervenes in the carbon market and fixes the price. But
         | profits will still be the metric, as it should be. You 'll just
         | get much better alignment between profits and the environment.
        
         | joshmarlow wrote:
         | I think we're making baby steps in that direction. I don't know
         | the details as much as I like, but Certified B-Corporations are
         | a thing https://bcorporation.net/
        
         | CamelCaseName wrote:
         | I'm not sure if I'm misunderstanding, but wouldn't introducing
         | tax breaks simply be reducing the problem back to financial
         | metrics?
         | 
         | I think what you're talking about most closely aligns with
         | charities, and how charities talk about their societal impact
         | they're able to have. Even then, the discussion seems to
         | generally come back to impact per dollar.
         | 
         | I'm not sure how we can replace thinking of incentives in a
         | financial sense with their societal impact, but it would be
         | great if we could.
         | 
         | I would perhaps put forth the idea of a "hours/years saved"
         | metric vs. some next best alternative? Good luck to the
         | accountants on this one.
        
           | tekstar wrote:
           | I'm trying to say the market would judge Ford, primarily, by
           | its quarterly environmental impact instead of its quarterly
           | finances. Stock goes up when they've sequestered carbon,
           | stock goes down when they're burning carbon.
           | 
           | And the preface was attempting to say that judging a company
           | by it's quarterly finances is already arbitrary, and flawed,
           | and a relatively new concept. I can't find the link but I
           | think it was suggested and socially adopted only in the last
           | 40 years as the True Metric to evaluate companies.
        
       | kisamoto wrote:
       | If you - as an individual or a company - also want to kick-start
       | the market for carbon removal then check out my project
       | https://carbonremoved.com
       | 
       | We offer subscriptions and one-time purchases for a carbon
       | removal portfolio with direct air capture, olivine, bio-oil and
       | forestation. The removal mix is currently defined by us but we're
       | building the option to make this fully customizable.
       | 
       | In the mean time you can email me at ewan@<the domain above> and
       | I will be happy to answer any questions or build you a fully
       | custom portfolio.
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | I like the idea, but I would much rather support a version of
         | this that doesn't include re-forestation. Is that something
         | you're thinking of offering?
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | What is your concern about reforestation?
           | 
           | Sounds like a good thing to me, but I don't know much about
           | it. (Monoculture issues?)
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Lots of governance issues. Is there long term management of
             | the area reforested? or is it done quickly and poorly and
             | the benefits are overstated? There's also no guarantee the
             | forest stays standing, but the money has already been
             | collected.
             | 
             | Mineralization (Climeworks) is much more expensive per ton
             | but is assured to stay sequestered in inert, stable form.
        
           | kisamoto wrote:
           | As a company we want to support a portfolio so we generally
           | recommend a minimum of 2% in every method but I do understand
           | your concern about forestation and we do have a 'tech only'
           | plan in the pipeline to address exactly that.
        
             | boplicity wrote:
             | Thank you for the reply!
             | 
             | One of my other thoughts, is that things like a direct-air
             | carbon capture facility require a big upfront investment.
             | What do you think about a "fundraiser" to make one
             | possible. I.E., it would be gratifying to donate money,
             | knowing it would be going directly to the construction of a
             | new long-term carbon capture facility. I would then be
             | confident that my donation would be going towards _new_
             | sources of carbon removal.
             | 
             | (Ha -- Kickstarter for carbon capture???)
        
               | kisamoto wrote:
               | Interesting take - maybe something we should branch into
               | ;)
               | 
               | Actually a lot of carbon removers are currently trying to
               | sell removals for the future. Shopify and Stripe are both
               | spending money for removals that will only be taken out
               | of the atmosphere in some years.
               | 
               | For us we try to focus on products that are actively
               | delivering at the moment. We want our customers to
               | actually be able to say their footprint has been removed.
               | 
               | I think though an 'innovation' plan or similar for
               | methods that are maybe only at prototype phase could be
               | possible. We just have to decided what happens if the
               | project is unable to deliver in the future.
        
       | kisamoto wrote:
       | Whenever carbon removal is mentioned there's always a bit of a
       | push back (cost, effort, excuse to keep emitting etc.). So I'd
       | like to address some of these:
       | 
       | Carbon removal is not a substitute for reducing emissions.
       | However even if we stop emitting tomorrow there is still an
       | excess of emissions in the atmosphere that must be addressed.
       | Nature can do it in theory but it would take millenia and there
       | is a chance that we - as humanity - have tipped the scales too
       | far.
       | 
       | Carbon removal is expensive and inefficient - for now. This is
       | how technology starts and will come down an innovation and cost
       | curve with enough demand and investment. Do not try and
       | extrapolate the cost and efficiency now to the total removals -
       | there will be constant innovation and new methods that we haven't
       | discovered yet.
       | 
       | There is no silver bullet. Trees, DACS, bio-oil and whatever else
       | - nothing can do this on its own and we need to support as many
       | of these as possible to work together.
       | 
       | If you want to do something may I suggest looking at how you can
       | reduce your footprint and - if you can afford it - look at
       | removing your carbon footprint instead of merely offsetting it
       | with cheap carbon credits. Set yourself a realistic price per ton
       | and check out https://carbonremoved.com (disclaimer - my project
       | that I made to remove my own footprint) to remove it.
       | 
       | We also need system change so talk to people, educate them (and
       | yourself) and vote for politicians who support a green agenda
       | rather than those who block it.
        
         | Traster wrote:
         | For me, carbon removal is a quite good answer to the
         | international crisis of the commons. A constant difficulty with
         | international efforts for carbon reduction is that different
         | countries think they should have different 'budgets' for
         | carbon, or are under an unfair burden. On top of this almost
         | any significant enough country can effectively destroy the
         | communcal effort to reduce emissions. Carbon removal is almost
         | the only hope for rich nations to unilaterally reduce carbon in
         | the atmosphere.
        
       | WithinReason wrote:
       | I wonder if you could have some kind of (cypto?)currency that has
       | its price backed by 1 ton of carbon captured. You can get one by
       | paying the market price for it, or by capturing 1 ton of carbon.
       | So if you want to offset your carbon footprint you can just go to
       | a CarbonCoin marketplace and buy the appropriate amount of
       | CarbonCoins. Could the crypto craze be exploited to save the
       | environment?
        
         | mac01021 wrote:
         | What does it mean to be "backed by" carbon captured?
         | 
         | Talk of backing a currency traditionally refers to some
         | mechanism that guarantees people will continue to value it in
         | the future:
         | 
         | - a currency is "backed by gold" if it is exchangeable for
         | hunks of metal by whoever holds some of it (the future value of
         | those hunks being taken as granted)
         | 
         | - a currency is backed by a government if that government
         | guarantees that the currency will remain sufficiently scarce
         | and that it will be a/the means of paying taxes due to that
         | government.
         | 
         | In this case, though, you just mean that a coin is minted each
         | time a ton of co2 is sequestered, right? And you would need
         | some other mechanism to generate demand for the coins?
        
           | WithinReason wrote:
           | > In this case, though, you just mean that a coin is minted
           | each time a ton of co2 is sequestered, right? And you would
           | need some other mechanism to generate demand for the coins?
           | 
           | Exactly.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | The economical scheme makes a lot of sense, but it seems like
         | the practically hard part would be to prove to the world that
         | carbon capture has actually occurred. I don't see how
         | blockchains would help there.
         | 
         | The rest is just bookkeeping, which can happen on any kind of
         | ledger, distributed or otherwise.
        
         | SmooL wrote:
         | See https://www.gwern.net/CO2-Coin
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | This is a major plot point in Ministry for the Future, pretty
         | much exactly how you describe. Great book, and it's a good idea
         | that I think has some real-world support from economists and
         | others. Here's a site about the idea:
         | https://globalcarbonreward.org/
        
         | joshmarlow wrote:
         | Almost this exact thing launched in the last couple of weeks -
         | https://klimadao.finance/
         | 
         | In a podcast, I heard one of the founders describe it as a
         | first step at creating a 'non-extractive' economic system.
        
         | darepublic wrote:
         | good idea but also sounds like it could be gamed. eventually
         | people will be printing themselves carbon dollars for carbon
         | they could have emitted, but didn't
        
           | specialist wrote:
           | Rulesets more complicated than tictactoe have edge cases,
           | holes, exploits.
           | 
           | That's why market design is important.
           | 
           | Open markets require boring stuff like properly aligned
           | incentives, contract law, property rights, transparency and
           | auditing, fair & impartial courts, right to appeal, and so
           | forth. Your basic sanity checks.
           | 
           | Maintaining and protecting a balance is never easy. We can
           | only hope to minimize cheating.
           | 
           | All the alternatives are much worse. The popular criticism of
           | market failures are often because the obvious safe guards
           | were eliminated or ignored.
        
           | short12 wrote:
           | Sort of related but there was a great episode on American
           | greed about exploiting the RIM or RIN marketplace by simply
           | making up contract numbers
        
       | frumpish wrote:
       | https://archive.md/QYaxg
        
       | ThePhysicist wrote:
       | We currently produce around 50 gigatons (50.000.000.000) of CO2
       | per year. The cost estimates for removing one ton of CO2 range
       | between 100-10.000 USD. Let's assume we can really get to 100
       | USD. That means just in order to capture a single year worth of
       | CO2 output will cost us 5 Trillion USD (5.000.000.000.000), which
       | is around 6 % of the worlds' GDP. And that doesn't even take into
       | account if we'll actually be able to do it (which I strongly
       | doubt).
       | 
       | So IMHO all these carbon removal efforts are just the next magic
       | technology that's proposed in order to keep us from effecting
       | real change. We already know how to stop climate change (rapidly
       | decrease our CO2 output), but instead of doing that we're chasing
       | solutions that might never become viable. And once it will become
       | clear that CO2 capture won't work the next magic solution will
       | probably be geo-engineering, which is just as unrealistic IMHO.
       | 
       | BTW I'm not saying that CO2 capture or geo-engineering will never
       | work, just that it probably won't work in the timespan that's
       | available to us.
        
         | jasonlaramburu wrote:
         | >That means just in order to capture a single year worth of CO2
         | output will cost us 5 Trillion USD (5.000.000.000.000), which
         | is around 6 % of the worlds' GDP.
         | 
         | The US is expected to spend a total of $6T on COVID relief with
         | the passage of the Biden Plan (around $4T was already spent
         | under the Trump administration)[1]. It's debatable whether or
         | not this spend 'worked' as intended.
         | 
         | Investing in carbon removal will create entirely new
         | industries. Rather than paying people to stay at home, it will
         | create skilled tech jobs for Americans. In terms of
         | justification, emissions reductions alone won't stop climate
         | change at this point. It will take centuries for natural
         | processes alone to remove our historical greenhouse gas
         | emissions [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/us-spending-on-covid-
         | rel... [2] https://www.npr.org/2021/04/14/981333730/carbon-
         | emissions-co...
        
         | s17n wrote:
         | I mean 6% of GDP is a lot, obviously, but it's also just as
         | obviously a cost that can be paid. The important questions are:
         | - Is it more expensive than simply reducing emissions? - Is it
         | easier (politically or economically) to deploy?
         | 
         | I see no reason to believe that development of carbon removal
         | tech has had any impact on CO2 emission reduction efforts.
        
           | mijamo wrote:
           | I have. Many political parties are trying to aim at carbon
           | neutrality nearly only through carbon removal and
           | technological improvements in efficiency.
           | 
           | This is actually a huge point of debate in a lot of
           | countries.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | > We already know how to stop climate change (rapidly decrease
         | our CO2 output)
         | 
         | No we don't. Even if we stopped all emissions starting today,
         | climate change would not be stopped, it's already too late for
         | that.
         | 
         | Now, assuming the most ambitious but realistic reduction plan,
         | we will still be emitting massive amounts of CO2 over the next
         | few decades, so we are guaranteed to have to endure significant
         | global warning.
         | 
         | And this is why we need both reduction and removal. Reduction
         | is the most efficient medium term solution by far, but long
         | term we absolutely need removal as well.
         | 
         | I wish people would stop pitting reduction vs removal, wind vs
         | solar vs nuclear etc. There isn't a single technology or policy
         | that will save us, we need advances on all fronts and the
         | solution will come from a mix of many different complimentary
         | contributions.
         | 
         | However you are right that we need to be careful to not use the
         | possibility of future carbon removal as an excuse to not reduce
         | our GHG emissions.
        
           | boplicity wrote:
           | > I wish people would stop pitting reduction vs removal, wind
           | vs solar vs nuclear etc. There isn't a single technology or
           | policy that will save us, we need advances on all fronts and
           | the solution will come from a mix of many different
           | complimentary contributions.
           | 
           | Agreed. Twenty years ago, we had the luxury of being able to
           | "pick and choose" the "right" path forward. Unfortunately,
           | the _wrong_ path was chosen, so we now have to do
           | _everything_ we can to mitigate the looming disaster. The
           | cost of doing too little is just so very, very high. (And
           | yet, doing too little seems to be exactly the path we 're
           | on.)
        
         | apendleton wrote:
         | > We already know how to stop climate change (rapidly decrease
         | our CO2 output)
         | 
         | Yes, but we don't know how to do _that_. The technology exists
         | now in many domains; with adequate public will and money we
         | could probably rapidly electrify surface transportation, for
         | example, and maybe electricity production (though long-duration
         | storage is probably still a ways from production readiness),
         | but the technology to produce concrete or aluminum without
         | emissions just doesn 't exist yet at anything other than (at
         | best) the concept stage. Likewise for trans-oceanic shipping,
         | or long-haul aviation, or fertilizer production, or... (etc.,
         | etc.). People think first about cars and electricity because
         | they're tangible in people's daily lives, but industrial CO2 is
         | a big, very much not-yet-solved problem.
         | 
         | Work is absolutely happening in all of these domains, but it
         | will take time and resources, and we don't know which efforts
         | will or won't succeed, or if any will succeed fast enough to
         | meet IPCC targets for keeping warming below 1.5C without carbon
         | capture as well.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | > "We already know how to stop climate change (rapidly decrease
         | our CO2 output)"
         | 
         | Who knew it could be this simple? All we have to do is go
         | nowhere, buy nothing, sell nothing, eat nothing, do nothing,
         | and freeze to death in the darkness.
        
           | anakaine wrote:
           | This is not a helpful stance to have. There are developments
           | and solutions for industries, processes, and individual
           | households all drawing to the same goal. Renewable energy
           | generation looks to be pricing coal and gas powered energy
           | generation out of the market by being cheaper to build,
           | deploy, and maintain, for example. Bonus, it comes with its
           | own industry.
        
         | a13n wrote:
         | > We already know how to stop climate change (rapidly decrease
         | our CO2 output)
         | 
         | Yeah all we have to do is convince China, US, and India to
         | rapidly decrease CO2 output, no big deal at all.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | The thing I'd like to understand about carbon capture is that,
         | I would assume that once the process is scaled and costs come
         | down that _most_ of the cost would come from the energy to run
         | the process.
         | 
         | But then, of course, the energy to run that process needs to
         | come from a renewable, non-carbon emitting source, or else the
         | whole thing is moot. So my question is that if we had all this
         | renewable energy to run carbon capture systems, wouldn't it
         | just make more sense to have this renewable energy put to use
         | to offset fossil fuels in the first place?
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | I'll do you one step better: you could use that energy source
           | to produce closed-loop hydrocarbon fuels (e.g. methane via
           | the Sabatier process).
           | 
           | It seems to me that virtually all of these problems reduce to
           | the problem of finding a plentiful, climate-neutral energy
           | source. (If only we had already invented such a thing in the
           | 1940's....)
        
           | zardo wrote:
           | I don't see scaling direct air capture of CO2 beyond demo
           | facilities until we are near zero CO2 emissions. But fixed
           | concentrated CO2 streams should have had CO2 capture decades
           | ago.
           | 
           | The problem of course is that no matter how cheap CO2 capture
           | gets, it's not likely to beat dumping it to the atmosphere
           | for free.
        
             | cameronbrown wrote:
             | The best carbon capture technology is to plant trees. As
             | in, billions of trees per year, which is carbon negative
             | only if the net number of trees is growing. Maybe even get
             | creative on the biology side of things to make them easier
             | to plant in harsh environments.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | > As in, billions of trees per year, which is carbon
               | negative only if the net number of trees is growing.
               | 
               | Or if you chop the trees down and use them as building
               | materials. Your hardwood floors and wood wall paneling
               | are also sequestering carbon!
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Genetically engineered ultratrees in the Sahara! Of
               | course this would have impacts on rainfall patterns in
               | Europe and South America and might backfire (the large
               | amounts of Saharan dust apparently helps form raindrops
               | and new soil in both places)
        
         | tnorthcutt wrote:
         | _That means just in order to capture a single year worth of CO2
         | output will cost us 5 Trillion USD (5.000.000.000.000), which
         | is around 6 % of the worlds ' GDP._
         | 
         | That seems easily worth it, and ignores the possibility of
         | lower costs in the future, this working in tandem with efforts
         | to decrease emissions, etc.
        
           | alexbouchard wrote:
           | Exactly, 6% of GPD is shockingly low cost to pay for net 0
           | annual growth in CO2. Now that doesn't mean you can
           | practically deploy that capital but it makes me more bullish
           | on carbon removal.
        
         | boxed wrote:
         | You are correct in that it's not a feasible approach to
         | neutralize emissions. But that's not why this tech is so
         | important.
         | 
         | We need it to _undo_ the damage we 've already done. Will it be
         | expensive as hell? Probably. But we need to do it. And if we
         | cut emissions hard and fast we won't need to do carbon removal
         | in panic but can do it more slowly.
        
         | azeirah wrote:
         | The main idea carbon capture as I always understood it is that
         | it will become cheaper per ton as more is invested. Just like
         | how solar panels lowered in price drastically over the past
         | decades.
         | 
         | Right now carbon capture as a technology is in its infancy.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I'm not commenting to contradict you (I agree with your point
           | on a macro scale).
           | 
           | But I have to point out that a lot of proposed techniques
           | only work at certain concentrations (e.g. all the limestone
           | techniques I've seen) and even the ones that don't change
           | their const structure (e.g. require more energy/g removed).
           | 
           | None of which means we shouldn't be trying. I'm working on
           | CH4 removal myself, even though there is less of it than CO2
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Another way to look at it: burning a gallon of gasoline emits
         | about 20 pounds of CO2, or a hundredth of a ton. So at
         | $100/ton, charging purchasers to clean up their emissions would
         | cost a dollar a gallon.
         | 
         | If we were to charge that, then many people would likely find
         | it more efficient to switch to electric cars and so on. But for
         | those applications where it's very expensive or infeasible to
         | cut emissions (e.g. long-haul jets), having tech like this
         | available makes net-zero feasible anyway.
         | 
         | Besides, at this point we're going to need to actually reduce
         | atmospheric CO2, and as you point out it's a hard problem, so
         | we'd best start scaling the tech for it now.
        
         | dntrkv wrote:
         | > but instead of doing that
         | 
         | I keep hearing this like there is nobody working on this
         | problem. There are a significant amount of resources being
         | dedicated to this problem. Is it enough? No, of course not.
         | These types of global coordinated efforts are more difficult
         | than any technological problem we have ever faced.
         | 
         | In developed countries, per capita CO2 emissions are decreasing
         | at a steady rate. Adoption of EVs and renewables will
         | accelerate this decline.
         | 
         | The problem is in the developing countries (especially China
         | and India) where these rates are increasing. But we can't
         | exactly tell these countries to stop developing. So our only
         | option is to continue to develop technology that will make it
         | cheaper to use renewables over fossil fuels. And that's all
         | well under way.
         | 
         | Carbon capture is just another tool for us to explore that may
         | scale as more entities adopt it. The idea that because it costs
         | too much to do now, we shouldn't explore it is silly. Solar was
         | not financially feasible just a decade or two ago. Battery
         | storage was the same.
         | 
         | Point is, we should explore every option. That does not mean
         | all our progress in EVs and renewables stops, it's just another
         | avenue for us to reduce our carbon footprint.
        
           | ThePhysicist wrote:
           | No, the problem is not mainly China and India. China emits
           | just half as much CO2 per capita as the US and has already
           | effectively halted further increase several years ago [1].
           | India is at 1/10th of the per capita emissions of the US. You
           | can of course explore every option but there's already an
           | option that works, so we should start implementing that.
           | 
           | [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC?locat
           | ion...
        
             | dntrkv wrote:
             | I am well aware that the US, Canada, and Australia have the
             | highest CO2 emissions per capita. They all have a lot of
             | work to do. I am not dismissing their major contribution to
             | the problem.
             | 
             | The US in particular has reduced per capita emissions
             | significantly and continues to do so.
             | 
             | The reason I pointed out China and India is that they are
             | still developing and a large chunk of their population has
             | yet to modernize. In the process, they will significantly
             | increase their emissions. I am not blaming them. Any other
             | country would do the same in their place.
             | 
             | My point is that the only way we can reduce their coming
             | impact (and all of the other developing countries) is by
             | developing renewables and battery storage tech to be a
             | viable alternative to fossil fuels.
        
             | brightball wrote:
             | Per capita is great and all, but the population is still
             | 4.5x for China and 4x that of the US for India. If we're
             | being honest, a lot of those emissions probably would be
             | coming from the US if so much manufacturing hadn't moved to
             | China over the last few decades.
             | 
             | From everything I've read, India isn't a big problem from a
             | CO2 perspective but from an oceanic pollution perspective
             | from trash dumping.
        
       | swnddw wrote:
       | Stripe is also working on crypto, with no mention of disallowing
       | proof of work types
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | Yes, you're right. It's Stripe's job to shut down proof of work
         | by not allowing them (which wouldn't matter). I for one am glad
         | Stripe is funding ideas in this space that are not proven out.
        
         | hwers wrote:
         | Why do we have this attitude towards crypto but not towards the
         | enormous mountain of energy required to power non crypto
         | servers as part of normal professional software businesses.
        
           | adflux wrote:
           | Because mining bitcoin alone consumes more power than the
           | entirety of the Netherlands. And all that for a very low
           | amount of transactions.
        
             | politician wrote:
             | If you're concerned with high energy requirements for a low
             | number of transactions, just wait until you learn about
             | FedWire!
        
             | saddlerustle wrote:
             | A single aluminium smelter consumes more power than the
             | entirety of the Netherlands. It's not a very useful
             | comparison.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That's wildly incorrect, why would you think it's true?
               | 
               | Netherlands uses 108,800 GWh per yer. Global aluminum
               | smelting is 8x that, but no single smelter comes close to
               | producing 1/8th the worlds aluminimum.
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Yes and that is useful work. Unlike bitcoin.
        
               | objclxt wrote:
               | > A single aluminium smelter consumes more power than the
               | entirety of the Netherlands. It's not a very useful
               | comparison.
               | 
               | This is patently false. The Netherlands _has_ an
               | aluminium smelting plant[1].
               | 
               | Why would you say something so obviously disproven?
               | 
               | [1]:https://aldel.nl
        
               | tata71 wrote:
               | Seemed like hyperbole in order to put forth the point
               | that NL is the size of a German neighborhood.
        
               | saddlerustle wrote:
               | No I got the Netherlands confused with Denmark, which was
               | a comparison from when bitcoin was much smaller.
        
           | snarf21 wrote:
           | Because crypto isn't usable and never will be. It isn't built
           | to handle processing charges of $0.30 plus 3% on a $10
           | transaction and that it what it is competing with. Instead it
           | is simply speculation and gambling and pump & dump. BTC
           | already uses more power than several countries. Visa uses a
           | fraction of that for a better and more functional system.
           | 
           | And please don't say PoS. PoS is centralized by default. If
           | you are going to be centralized, why do crypto at all?
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | How is PoS centralized by default? You think ETH mining is
             | less concentrated than ETH holding?
             | 
             | I know scores of people who hold ETH. I know like 2 people
             | that have tried mining it.
        
             | tenuousemphasis wrote:
             | Second layer technologies are the solution to that problem.
             | We can build systems on top of bitcoin that have some
             | tradeoffs but allow for exponentially more transactions at
             | lower fees. Lightning is one example of these second layer
             | systems. Custodial wallets like Coinbase and others are a
             | poor, but simple and easy example.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | From a physical or a regulatory perspective, any of those
               | second-order systems are going to be subject to the same
               | money-transmitting laws in place across the world. So you
               | can reimplement the existing money-moving tools with no
               | significant benefits to anybody except the creators of
               | the money-moving tools, who can take a vig instead of a
               | bank or Visa.
               | 
               | Let's burn the planet down for _that_ , hell yeah.
        
             | _Kristijan_ wrote:
             | There is not only PoS. Open Representative Voting (ORV) is
             | a working solution: https://docs.nano.org/what-is-
             | nano/overview/
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | We care about both. All the major cloud platforms are putting
           | a lot of work into powering their data centers with as much
           | renewable energy as possible, and surfacing carbon
           | information to engineers using the platforms. See the feature
           | Google just released, for example:
           | https://cloud.google.com/carbon-footprint. It's even a
           | somewhat mainstream topic - I'm pretty sure I've seen NYT
           | articles about the carbon footprint of Zoom calls and Netflix
           | streaming.
           | 
           | It's something I personally think about a lot, and I know
           | many others do. Here's a community of people that discuss
           | this topic a lot if you're interested:
           | https://climateaction.tech/
        
           | Rygian wrote:
           | Because power spent on mining is effectively 100% wasted for
           | no useful computation.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | Except, ya know, it powers the decentralized currency with
             | a market cap of $1T.
        
               | wussboy wrote:
               | Perhaps that's the part they think is not useful?
        
               | yxwvut wrote:
               | A currency that is practically impossible to use as
               | such...
        
               | TheSmiddy wrote:
               | In a disgustingly inefficient way.
               | 
               | Global Financial System: 263.72TWh
               | 
               | Bitcoin: 113.89TWh
               | 
               | -
               | 
               | GFS deposits: US$404.1 trillion
               | 
               | Bitcoin: US$1.1 trillion
               | 
               | -
               | 
               | GFS energy per US$: 0.65 Wh
               | 
               | Bitcoin energy per US$: 103.53 Wh
               | 
               | And this is calculated just for the value of deposits, if
               | we do it again for number of transactions it's even more
               | scathing.
               | 
               | https://docsend.com/view/adwmdeeyfvqwecj2
        
               | invisible wrote:
               | I'm not trying to be pedantic, but this doesn't seem to
               | include the daily commute for bank employees, the waste
               | from each bank, and the collective volume of mail
               | delivered.
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | Perhaps the definition of value goes beyond dollars, and
               | into what is valuable or not for society (even if it
               | makes people money, or not!)
        
             | vimy wrote:
             | Crypto today is like e-commerce in 2000. Or the internet in
             | 1995. It has enormous potential to change the world.
             | 
             | I bet if the internet was invented today we would hear the
             | same energy arguments.
        
             | coralreef wrote:
             | This is not strictly correct.
             | 
             | When you game on your 3080 GTX at max graphics in VR, you
             | wouldn't call that wasted computation because it provided
             | utility to a human in the form of entertainment.
             | 
             | Proof of work provides utility in the form of trustless
             | proof, allowing a decentralized network to actually work.
             | The computational work carries meaning which is valued by
             | network participants.
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | I _guess_ you can make the argument that crypto is useful
               | as a form of entertainment, but that 's one hell of a
               | polluting casino you got there.
        
               | coralreef wrote:
               | Crypto provides utility by being decentralized,
               | permissionless to participate in, and censorship
               | resistance.
               | 
               | The reason mining consumes so much aggregate energy is
               | because it is the most profitable use of energy at the
               | moment. Part of this is because the cost of energy for
               | fossil fuels in not accurately represented in its price.
               | 
               | Tax payers / governments subsidize the fossil fuel
               | industry in billions every year, including coal which is
               | used in coal power plants. A carbon tax is also not
               | implemented. So externalities are not captured in price.
               | 
               | It should fairly obvious how energy sources change once
               | those issues are addressed.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Yeah, the utility is obvious. We just need to internalize
               | GHG mitigation costs and then prices will hit the correct
               | place. It's unfortunate, but the most effective way to do
               | this would be to actually tax power sources and power
               | generation at source, which means fuel taxes.
               | 
               | It will be hella regressive, but that's the reality. Most
               | poor people are polluting the planet disproportionately
               | to their output.
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | Why can we not be critical of new inventions? Should we not
           | be trying to make things better? To me thats like making the
           | argument that because we have coal plants today means we
           | should have no problem generating XY new plant because it's
           | not worse than what we have now.
           | 
           | BTC is old, the possibilities have been proven but I think
           | it's totally fair that we try to get somewhere more efficient
           | than what we have now.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | efficiency
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Honestly, even though I don't like the insane power usage
             | of PoW cryptos, I don't like the waste of the normal
             | economy either. There's so much waste ... but anyways that
             | would require its own thread I guess.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | The important difference is, normal economy[0] profits
               | off efficiency. There's waste, but that waste means
               | companies are making less money than they could be.
               | Everyone is incentivized to eliminate the waste. In
               | aggregate, the market strives towards minimizing
               | waste[1].
               | 
               | In contract, PoW cryptocurrencies have pure waste built
               | in as a necessary component. They're literally waste
               | incarnate, made into code and used to provide trustless
               | consensus. It's a _feature_ , that has to scale with the
               | size of the network, and participants are _encouraged_ to
               | create more waste.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [0] - Let's for the moment ignore the negative-sum game
               | cancer the advertising industry is. But even advertising
               | tries to be efficient at micro level.
               | 
               | [1] - In fact, it's a major source of modern problems
               | with the market economy. Companies optimize way past the
               | point it makes sense, because the consequences are borne
               | by someone else (e.g. customers). See e.g. the whole
               | field of value engineering.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I have a weird opinion on this. Markets and industries
               | are complex multilayered systems. Each subsystem tries to
               | be somehow efficient but actually it's not. People are
               | slow, the tools they use are often slow (unless you have
               | serious knowledge and resources on optimizing logistics,
               | throughput, management), their partners are too, and
               | asking optimizations from them will cause friction.
               | 
               | Market might be a minimizing function of some sort but
               | it's a blind one. Very often groups could do 4x more for
               | 4x less just with a change of mindset alone.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | I don't disagree. I'm not claiming the market achieves
               | total efficiency, just that it _tries_. Much like a
               | submarine is a bubble of air at pressure of 1 atmosphere
               | resisting much higher pressure outside, it is possible
               | (and even common) for low-efficiency areas to remain
               | stable under market pressure, but the overall gradient is
               | still clear. In contrast, PoW schemes use inefficiency as
               | a fundamental component; they 're wasteful by design, and
               | it's considered a feature.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Yeah, advertisement generates a lot of waste by making
               | people buy stuff they do not want or need.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Sure, let's stop most of that too.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Yeah there's waste everywhere, the amount of energy
               | wasted by the over-reliance on cars in the US could
               | probably power the entire planet.
               | 
               | It's telling that the bitcoin defense is 99%
               | whattaboutism - but have no fear readers, I scream into
               | the void about those other things too.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I don't think it's only whattaboutism, it's mostly that
               | crypto is becoming a meme complaint and even
               | whattaboutism is thrown as reflex "what about you".
               | 
               | ps: I'm trying to go from screamer to proactive these
               | days. I was already frugal and dropped car use, I'm also
               | thinking into starting clubs to make more walk/bike use,
               | recycling/upcycling repair shops and the likes. Do you
               | have similar ideas ?
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | I already do things like you mention... walk most places,
               | reuse/repair when feasible, buying less packaged food,
               | avoiding leisure flying (I used to travel often)... but
               | individual impact is fairly minimal, so I've been putting
               | more effort into supporting local political candidates
               | who prioritize the climate.
               | 
               | I also complain a lot at community meetings for new
               | development in my immediate area (things like reducing
               | parking in new buildings, including bike storage, EV
               | charging, better public transit infrastructure)... I've
               | found some of this stuff more fulfilling in that the
               | impact tends to extend beyond what I'd be capable of
               | doing alone... sometimes it's fruitless, but sometimes it
               | works.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I'm trying to skip politics because I think it's fluff
               | and too laggy. But I'm still at theory level. Ideally I'd
               | find a few open warehouses to set up stuff. Tools,
               | materials, gather smart / knowledgeable people, teach and
               | viral spread the new habits. Hopefully it will cost next
               | to nothing and happen faster than politically impeded
               | initiatives.
        
             | tata71 wrote:
             | ...that's a joke, right?
             | 
             | Have you seen the average enterprise's stack?
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | The worst enterprise stack you have ever seen is most
               | likely at least a million times more efficient than
               | bitcoin.
               | 
               | That is not an exaggeration, and is more likely to be a
               | severe understatement.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I can't claim numbers but even if you have the fastest
               | and leanest information system, the rest of the economy
               | might be problematic, the human layer is really bad. I
               | stopped counting how many time we asked people to come
               | back another day (more car use) because the old
               | paper+digital system is not made for high throughput. Our
               | servers are probably super fast.. but the apps are not
               | useful, the system is not useful, thus lots of waste
               | above.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | I'm not sure I see what this has to do with what I said?
        
             | user-the-name wrote:
             | Exactly: Bitcoin is using as much energy as the entire
             | country of Sweden in order to do work that could be done by
             | a single desktop PC from 2004.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | If the work Bitcoin is doing could be done by a single
               | desktop PC from 2004 then... the work would be being done
               | by a single desktop PC from 2004. But clearly it is not.
               | 
               | Every time I see a thread on HN about crypto it makes me
               | want to buy BTC or w/e because people are so unbelievably
               | disingenuous on here that it probably still has a lot of
               | steam left. The side that needs to be misleading to make
               | their point is rarely the correct side to be on in my
               | experience.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | And sadly both sides are misleading.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | Bitcoin processes, as a maximum dictated by technological
               | choices, 2-3 transactions per second. Each transaction is
               | around a few hundred bytes.
        
               | tenuousemphasis wrote:
               | Luckily Bitcoin has second layer systems being built on
               | top of it, which allow it to leverage that 2-3 on-chain
               | transactions per second to process thousands of millions
               | more transactions off chain either through decentralized
               | systems like Lightning or centralized custodial wallets.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | Second layer solutions that do not actually work and that
               | rely on solving unsolved problems in computer science to
               | actually get working at scale.
        
           | objclxt wrote:
           | > not towards the enormous mountain of power required to
           | power non crypto servers as part of normal professional
           | software business
           | 
           | The incentives are very different, I don't think you can
           | compare them like that.
           | 
           | Miners and companies like Google both make more money the
           | less power they use. However, in the case of Google power
           | consumption is a _side effect_ of their business.
           | 
           | To put it another way: if you overnight doubled Google's
           | datacenter capacity you would not double their revenues. But
           | if you doubled a bitcoin miner's capacity there would be an
           | _immediate change_ in the amount of revenue being made.
           | 
           | This means that for miners there's a very clear incentive to
           | use whatever resources you can at your disposal, because the
           | more power and hardware you have the more profit you can
           | make.
        
       | corentin88 wrote:
       | Wondering if the money is from Stripe's pocket or if it's part of
       | the 1% initiative [1] that Stripe has started.
       | 
       | [1] https://stripe.com/climate
        
         | kisamoto wrote:
         | It's both. They fund some themselves and allow other companies
         | to contribute with their climate program linked above.
        
       | Biologist123 wrote:
       | Well done the lads from Stripe!
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | Any Stripe jobs related to this?
        
         | magneticnorth wrote:
         | Looks like there's an open role for an engineering manager in
         | North America but nothing else right now:
         | https://stripe.com/jobs/search?q=climate
        
       | ganzuul wrote:
       | Why not plant fucking trees?? Jesus Christ what is wrong with
       | this world.
        
         | dntrkv wrote:
         | In many places in the world, we are seeing those trees go up in
         | flames and releasing that carbon right back into the
         | atmosphere.
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | That would require people changing their habits like eating
         | less meat to free up the land. Apparently it's still
         | controversial for some people that it's time to adjust some
         | behaviors.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | If you have to ask why not, maybe you should invest 5 minutes
         | of your time do some research before firing the expletives.
        
       | akie wrote:
       | Because all (current) 18 comment are talking about crypto instead
       | of about carbon removal, I'm just going to say: THANK YOU STRIPE!
       | 
       | We indeed need a lot more options for carbon removal, and
       | directly investing in companies who want to make that happen is a
       | very necessary first step.
        
         | newswasboring wrote:
         | People are talking about crypto because it feels like one step
         | forward one step back.
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | Indeed. There are also some U.S. government efforts in this
         | area, like the "Direct Air Capture Combined With Dedicated
         | Long-Term Carbon Storage, Coupled to Existing Low-Carbon
         | Energy" program: https://www.fedconnect.net/FedConnect/default.
         | aspx?ReturnUrl..., but they remain small.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | TigeriusKirk wrote:
         | Indeed. Carbon removal is the only hope for making the climate
         | better in next several generations. Reducing carbon footprints
         | simply is not enough.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Reducing our _personal_ carbon footprint (e.g., everyone
           | becomes a vegan) isn't enough, but reducing our collective
           | carbon footprint (via making pollution economically
           | infeasible via carbon pricing) is significant. If we can
           | actually remove carbon at scale, that's great but for now
           | that's a pipe dream--we should absolutely invest in it, but
           | we shouldn't pin our hopes on it while we continue polluting.
        
             | shiftpgdn wrote:
             | Farm runoff (specifically roundup) is one of the greatest
             | dangers humanity faces but absolutely no one is willing to
             | talk about it. The ocean is the largest co2 sink in the
             | world and we're killing everything that allows that to
             | occur with commercial biocides.
        
             | whiddershins wrote:
             | How would anyone implement this internationally?
             | 
             | Without that, this strategy is pointless.
             | 
             | How do you get India, China, all of Africa to stop
             | producing CO2?
             | 
             | The US could go net zero and the effect wouldn't be nearly
             | enough to stop anything.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | It turns out you aren't the first person to have
               | considered this problem, and the answer is well-
               | understood: border adjustments. Basically, these are
               | tariffs on imports from countries which don't have an
               | adequate price on carbon. If you want to do business with
               | the West (probably 70+% of the global economy), you need
               | to clean up your economy.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Cross border carbon tariffs.
        
           | Voloskaya wrote:
           | Removing carbon is also not enough. We absolutely need both.
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | Capturing carbon at the point of emission (e.g the exhaust
             | stream from CCGT plants) seems orders of magnitude more
             | important than any attempt to remove atmospheric carbon. In
             | the atmosphere CO2 is at 400 parts per million. That's a
             | lot of irrelevant gasses to move around a process to
             | capture a very dilute component.
             | 
             | It's the same reason why people reassuringly pointing to
             | the amount of Thorium or Lithium in the ocean isn't useful.
        
       | Bhilai wrote:
       | I think private companies and corporate American might be the way
       | to go about trying to alleviate climate change. We are already
       | seeing some effects on automobiles too where major US companies
       | are trying to move towards EVs. In the current political climate
       | I doubt the US government would able to do much but corporate
       | America can maybe move the needle.
        
         | jorblumesea wrote:
         | It's just sad we've gotten to the point where we are unable to
         | solve any problems using government means. If you talked to
         | someone in the 60s and told them about the future, they'd be
         | astounded.
        
         | eckmLJE wrote:
         | One reason car companies are moving to EVs is the coming
         | regulatory pressure from governments on fossil fuels and car
         | emissions. They aren't doing it out of the goodness of their
         | hearts.
        
       | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
       | I was prepared to be annoyed at the announcement of another
       | carbon credit swap or some other virtue signaling scam. I like
       | Stripe's approach here, I hope other companies take note. Feels
       | like the difference between charities that promote awareness vs.
       | those that are actually supporting research.
        
       | user-the-name wrote:
       | They could probably have a much bigger effect by working to stop
       | cryptocurrencies instead of supporting them.
        
       | leesec wrote:
       | It's amazing to me the impact they seem to be having with...a few
       | million? With all the VC money getting thrown around these days
       | you'd think some of it would get tossed towards unproven climate
       | change solutions.
        
         | Factorium wrote:
         | The best way to spend money on carbon removal is to lobby
         | politicians to initiate carbon taxes, or at least to place
         | tariffs on nations without them.
         | 
         | We cannot physically replicate the Azolla Event or the
         | Carboniferous Period. There's no better form of carbon storage
         | than coal, gas, oil. And it needs to just stay in the ground.
         | 
         | Otherwise I guess if we're looking at terraforming, we should
         | consider iron fertilization.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | I think you're dramatically overestimating the efficacy of
           | politicians.
        
         | akie wrote:
         | How about the following scheme:
         | 
         | 1. A government, any government, puts aside about EUR500
         | million.
         | 
         | 2. Anyone who can submit a proposal, and anyone with a decent
         | enough plan and a convincing group of people to execute it gets
         | EUR250k. Total budget for this phase is EUR50 million, so this
         | funds 200 ideas.
         | 
         | 3. If ANY measurable progress has been made once the money runs
         | out, your group gets another EUR500k. Expect 50% of the
         | companies of step 2 to fail. Total budget for this phase is
         | again EUR50 million, for (now) 100 ideas.
         | 
         | 4. If the money from 2. or 3. turns out to be spent
         | maliciously, the government will haunt you to get you to pay it
         | back (there are existing protocols in place to deal with this).
         | 
         | 5. If the money from 3. runs out, there is a go/no-go decision.
         | In case of "go", you get EUR2 to EUR5 million to really have a
         | go at it and build the real thing. In case of "no go", it stops
         | here. You are obviously free to take your idea and try to find
         | other investors for it. Weeds out (say) 50%, so now left at 50
         | ideas - total budget about EUR175 million.
         | 
         | 6. For the companies that get the "go" in step 5, observe their
         | performance. If it's promising, give them another EUR10
         | million. Again you probably only fund 50%, so that's 25 ideas
         | for about EUR250 million.
         | 
         | 7. Profit.
         | 
         | Tada, a working process that probably gets your country a
         | fairly large number of actually competitive companies that can
         | end up employing thousands of people and at the same time help
         | save the planet.
         | 
         | Germany could run a competition like this for EUR6 per person.
         | The EU could fund it for EUR1 per person. Heck, even the city
         | of New York could fund it for the low, low, price of EUR20 per
         | person. This is eminently doable.
        
           | 293849283 wrote:
           | This is already done in Europe in the form of EU and country-
           | specific research/development grants (e.g. ANR in France,
           | BMBF in Germany). While in theory it sounds amazing, in
           | practice it is a very poor way of making progress from my own
           | personal experience.
           | 
           | The applicants form a consortium, usually a heavy hitter
           | followed by some universities and smaller firms. They usually
           | promise something that they are already working on in the
           | context of a thematic package that the ministry puts up for
           | grabs. The research is usually done by the university, while
           | the large company moves the money around citing 'management'
           | workloads. The small companies don't really do much, or
           | present past results as cutting edge R&D.
           | 
           | To your number 4, you forget that all systems involve people,
           | and in the small world model everybody in the industry kind
           | of knows each other. It's very easy to wine&dine, then show
           | some fancy demos to scruffy suits in Brussels and get away
           | with doing absolutely nothing at all.
           | 
           | In my personal opinion this is more or less a consequence of
           | all innovative and intelligent people going to work at FAANG
           | for ads and whatnot, the rest of them being locked in the
           | politics of academia.
        
           | janj wrote:
           | There are some programs like this. My town just one $1m to
           | tackle climate change. I had a very small part in the
           | proposal process, it was exciting to see the news yesterday.
           | 
           | https://www.petaluma360.com/article/news/petaluma-
           | earns-1m-g...
        
           | capital_guy wrote:
           | This is called DARPA in the US.
        
             | akie wrote:
             | There you go! We can call it CARPA (Climate Advanced
             | Research Projects Agency) to help sell it.
        
           | jseliger wrote:
           | _2. Anyone who can submit a proposal, and anyone with a
           | decent enough plan and a convincing group of people to
           | execute it gets EUR250k. Total budget for this phase is EUR50
           | million, so this funds 200 ideas._
           | 
           | This is basically ARPA-E:
           | https://arpa-e.energy.gov/faqs/general-questions. I've
           | written a bunch of these, and they're more straightforward
           | than many federal applications.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Research is relatively cheap. It also has a very low
         | probability of success (on each initiative) and very long time
         | horizon. Investor really don't like those two.
         | 
         | Normally, governments would invest those few millions. But
         | government spending seems to have become almost completely
         | broken recently and isn't generating that kind of result
         | anymore.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Climate tech (ie hardware and software solutions) is a bad fit
         | for VC money outside of carbon accounting software (which adds
         | little value) benefits.
         | 
         | As well this direct air capture is slightly better than CCS
         | (read: pretty bad) but is also a red herring in terms of
         | climate solutions that will provide a lot of value. I say this
         | because large amounts of money will get diverted into this kind
         | of investment that hasn't proved to be particularly successful
         | but has an easy to understand narrative.
        
           | jherdman wrote:
           | > Climate tech (ie hardware and software solutions) is a bad
           | fit for VC money outside of carbon accounting software (which
           | adds little value) benefits.
           | 
           | Can you elaborate on this assertion?
        
             | murph-almighty wrote:
             | I think what OP is saying is that documenting the amount of
             | carbon released into the atmosphere does nothing to
             | actually remove it, and hence is of little value to anyone
             | except whoever invested in the company and makes money
             | licensing the software.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Exactly - while it does allow for measurement where the
               | likely candidates are for scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3
               | emissions it doesn't do anything to actually solve the
               | problem (which is a hardware problem).
               | 
               | That and there are way too many people who are now
               | building carbon accounting software and the benefits that
               | will accrue to it (similar to greenwashing). If only we
               | could get some people to work in areas where there was
               | real world impact instead of LP returns :)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Also note Stripe probably has a deal in that they will get equity
       | in the company. By signing on as the first deal they will signal
       | to others to join in and over the next decade if it is successful
       | they will make money on a good exit. Its similar to how Amazon
       | was an early client to Plug Power - good lots of good stock and
       | thus their investment was free at the end of the day.
       | 
       | Direct air capture is different in that it provides little value
       | with a large capex. I hate how proven technologies are in the
       | background but because a highly successful tech company decides
       | to splash money in climate tech all of a sudden low quality
       | technology is getting all the headlines.
        
       | beckman466 wrote:
       | > Stripe Inc. is signing up to pay for carbon-removal
       | technologies that haven't been invented yet.
       | 
       | > The payments company has formed a partnership with Deep Science
       | Ventures, a London investment firm that specializes in building
       | technology companies from the ground up. DSV will recruit
       | scientists to develop ways to remove carbon dioxide from the
       | atmosphere. If they come up with viable concepts, Stripe will be
       | their first customer.
       | 
       | why not focus on implementing already existing ecologically
       | sustainable inventions and strategies?
       | 
       | what i read here: _rent-seeking tech founders aim to funnel
       | profits they collected from the taxing of economic activity_ [1]
       | _towards a privately-funded lottery of hoped-for future tech._
       | 
       | the techno-fix is dangerous because it 1) ignores existing
       | systemic dysfunction:
       | 
       |  _" The current political economy is based on a false idea of
       | "immaterial scarcity." It believes that an exaggerated set of
       | intellectual property monopolies - for [trade secrets,]
       | copyrights, trademarks and patents - should restrain the sharing
       | of scientific, social and economic innovations. Hence the system
       | discourages human cooperation, excludes many people from
       | benefiting from innovation and slows the collective learning of
       | humanity. In an age of grave global challenges, the political
       | economy keeps many practical alternatives sequestered behind
       | private firewalls or unfunded if they cannot generate adequate
       | profits."_ [2]
       | 
       | and 2) it covertly wields the lone genius myth [3], that
       | supposedly the Stripe brothers are intellectually superior and
       | can make better funding decisions compared to a democratic body
       | of scientists.
       | 
       | check out this awesome video of just one ecological solution:
       | _Life in Syntropy_ with Ernst Gotsch,
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSPNRu4ZPvE
       | 
       | the work of Million Belay of the _Alliance for Food Sovereignty
       | in Africa_ (AFSA) is also impressive and worth checking out:
       | https://afsafrica.org/
       | 
       | and this video narrated by Jeremy Irons, and with Vandana Shiva:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-bK8X2s1kI
       | 
       | and this book by her:
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43890614-oneness-vs-the-...
       | 
       | this is what global north capitalists are doing instead, _Dead
       | Donkeys Fear No Hyenas_ by Joakim Demmer:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isiYYVmvn2U
       | 
       | [1] _Rent-seeking as a service_ by Wendy Liu,
       | https://dellsystem.me/posts/fragments-86
       | 
       | [2] _Peer-to-peer economy and new civilization centered around
       | the sustenance of the commons_ ,
       | http://wealthofthecommons.org/essay/peer-peer-economy-and-ne...
       | 
       | [3] _The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private
       | Sector Myths_ by Mariana Mazzucato,
       | https://marianamazzucato.com/books/the-entrepreneurial-state
        
         | afarrell wrote:
         | Another way to describe solving problems in a way that
         | sidesteps systemic dysfunction is "not boiling the ocean".
        
         | csee wrote:
         | I read the whole of [1] and it doesn't actually explain why
         | these companies are rent seekers. Just puts the label on them
         | with no stated justification.
        
           | beckman466 wrote:
           | the companies are rent-seekers because they gained an
           | overwhelming market share (read: monopoly) using their VC
           | war-chests and positioned themselves as unavoidable
           | middlemen. this can be anything from a gig economy app like
           | Uber or DoorDash, to the proprietary pharmaceutical recipes
           | 'owned' as intellectual property produced under a brand name
           | and sold with a massive markup far in excess of the material
           | ingredient costs, as well as the 'cost' of labor under our
           | current system. we know this because the same meds that are
           | sold in America often cost orders of magnitude less in
           | European countries.
           | 
           | the underlying strategy here is about starving or buying out
           | competitors until one brand name becomes a literal verb. that
           | is to say: the usage of a proprietary product or service
           | becomes so ubiquitous that we are conditioned to rely on the
           | profit-seeking monopolizing Silicon Valley/Wall Street
           | juggernauts in every aspect of our daily lives. so it's no
           | longer _" i'm getting a taxi to your place"_, it's now _" i'm
           | Ubering to your place"_. or _" i'm going to search the
           | internet using a search engine"_ has now become _"i 'm going
           | to google"_.
           | 
           | so to use tech platforms as an example: the client-server
           | software paradigm obscures and hides all algorithms,
           | protocols, and personal data behind a black box
           | server/software/system. in another article, Wendy Liu writes:
           | 
           |  _" What I want is to see Uber's technology become a
           | protocol. Same with Airbnb, same with Postmates, same with
           | other companies in the gig and sharing economies. Same with
           | lots of other important technology companies, while we're at
           | it. Obviously this can't happen overnight, but if the
           | technology is useful enough to provide real value, then it's
           | too useful to be subjugated to the whims of profit forever. I
           | would love to see these technology platforms either fully
           | decentralised, or centralised in such a way that the entity
           | running it is not-for-profit and, ideally, accountable to all
           | stakeholders. The actual mechanisms for making this work are
           | beyond the scope of this post, but I want to throw this idea
           | out there and get people thinking about it, because it's the
           | only way of making the future work for all of us."_ [1]
           | 
           | the most exciting emergent project where i am starting to see
           | the development of fully distributed protocols/software
           | become a reality is the holochain framework. the team behind
           | this open source library are aiming to make it as simple to
           | use as Ruby on Rails was to make centralized apps. other
           | projects in the dweb space that i'm following are
           | activitypub, DAT and SSB. i've heard the above described
           | shift referred to with different names: platform
           | cooperativism, protocol cooperativism, platform socialism,
           | protocol socialism and more. i am personally most excited
           | about the holochain framework, because of the way it uniquely
           | combines proven existing tech: Git, DHT's, etc.
           | 
           | [1] https://medium.com/@dellsystem/dont-put-your-faith-in-
           | uber-7...
        
             | csee wrote:
             | I think there's a decent degree of truth to this rent-
             | seeking framing, but many of these companies are also
             | legitimately value adding as well, and the ratio between
             | these two things differs by company.
             | 
             | Groupon skews heavily to the former (because it adds no
             | efficiency anywhere and is just various brands engaging in
             | zero-sum price competition for eyeballs), Uber skews
             | heavily to the latter (because Uber is barely profitable
             | and brings significant operational efficiency due to their
             | algo and the physical network effects).
             | 
             | I'm not sure I agree that non-profit is the way for some of
             | these firms. Would either consumers or drivers be better
             | off with a non-profit Uber? What's the incentive to make
             | things extremely efficient? There'd be no centralized
             | entity skimming off the top, but at the same time there
             | might be an efficiency cost which is even bigger. So I'm
             | skeptical.
             | 
             | I definitely do think a non-profit would be a great thing
             | to replace AirBnb, Groupon et al.
             | 
             | Two side comments. One, those tech alternatives are very
             | interesting to read about. Two, expensive drugs are because
             | of the government (or because of lobbying), arbitrageurs
             | would love to import some cheap insulin from overseas but
             | doing that is illegal.
        
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