[HN Gopher] Alphabet Third Quarter 2021 Results [pdf]
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       Alphabet Third Quarter 2021 Results [pdf]
        
       Author : nappy-doo
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2021-10-26 20:12 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (abc.xyz)
 (TXT) w3m dump (abc.xyz)
        
       | disdi89 wrote:
       | I do not understand this financial books and lingo enough to
       | understand this correctly so have to ask "Is google cloud
       | business gone really down as compared to previous years? Am I
       | reading this correctly?"
        
         | Tenobrus wrote:
         | You're misunderstanding, the numbers show 4990 million in 2021
         | vs 3444 million in 2020.
        
           | disdi89 wrote:
           | Thanks for explaining.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | Google Cloud Revenue went _up_ from $3.4 billion for Q3 2020 to
         | $4.9 billion for Q3 2021
         | 
         | Google Cloud operating _losses_ went down from $1.1 billion in
         | Q3 2020 to $640 million in Q3 2021. (Though it looks like this
         | change is almost exactly accounted for by a change in
         | depreciation expense due to revised estimate of the useful life
         | of servers.)
         | 
         | So they are bringing in significantly more money through the
         | front door with Cloud, though they are still losing money
         | (either about the same or half as much, depending on how you
         | look at it) on Cloud.
        
       | purple_ferret wrote:
       | I like to think I'm doing my part as a sharehholder.
       | 
       | Every so often I'll google something like _Criminal Defense
       | Attorney_ , _send money_ , or _file taxes_ and click on the
       | highest ads.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | That seems like fraud, especially if you were to do it at
         | scale.
        
           | netr0ute wrote:
           | You won't want to know what AdNauseam does.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | It's one thing to click ads. It's quite another to do it
             | for a company you own stock in.
        
               | rige wrote:
               | Hmm, I don't understand what would make that fraudulent,
               | could you explain? Many users, and presumably many
               | shareholders, click on ads that aren't relevant to them,
               | or search for things that aren't relevant to their
               | interests or purchases -- I would think that's just one
               | of the many assumptions built into the advertising
               | market.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | > Every so often I'll google something like Criminal
               | Defense Attorney, send money, or file taxes and click on
               | the highest ads.
               | 
               | The original poster is deliberately searching for some of
               | the highest cost per click ads [1]. They have no
               | intention of using these services, and they're moving
               | lots of money from the ad purchaser to Google. Up to $50
               | per click.
               | 
               | This person owns stock in Google and has a vested
               | interest in seeing their revenues go up.
               | 
               | These effects are minuscule, but it's not far off from
               | stealing a furniture item every time you go to Target.
               | Someone is paying for these and it has a nonzero effect
               | on Google stock.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/06/27/most-
               | expensive...
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | A lot of things we do are a little fraudulent, no? The
           | measure is probably impact.
        
       | easton wrote:
       | > In January 2021, we completed an assessment of the useful lives
       | of our servers and network equipment and adjusted the estimated
       | useful life of our servers from three years to four years
       | 
       | Does anyone know what the observation was here that made this
       | possible? Have Google's internal workloads not grown in size as
       | quickly as they thought, or is this a "Moore's law is slowing
       | down" thing?
        
         | green-eclipse wrote:
         | This was announced back in July:
         | 
         | https://www.convergedigest.com/2021/07/google-extends-deprec...
        
         | cj wrote:
         | I wouldn't be surprised if the decision was driven by Google's
         | army of accountants.
         | 
         | Extending the life of an asset would affect the depreciation
         | schedule, which would affect when depreciation is recognized /
         | recorded on their books in a given tax year.
        
         | slo_news wrote:
         | While I'm unsure of the the reason the computers are lasting
         | longer, I would bet this observation was originally triggered
         | from the public company accounting firm that audits Alphabet's
         | financials. The accounting firm likely asked Alphabet to prove
         | out why they used a 3 year estimate and found out 4 years was
         | more accurate (FYI 3 years is a standard useful life for
         | computers for most companies - sometimes even shorter).
        
           | hogFeast wrote:
           | It doesn't work this way.
           | 
           | If Alphabet wanted to prove they lasted three years, they
           | would have found a way to prove it. Auditors don't go around
           | challenging on things like this. In particular, they don't go
           | around challenging companies on depreciation because that is
           | a key lever that management can pull if they need to hit
           | numbers.
           | 
           | It is very difficult to discern exactly why they will have
           | done this but the functional answer is: they have done this
           | because they needed earnings to increase. In this case, it
           | looks like the difference between a 15% and a 20% beat (I
           | believe the change was made in January, I think they had
           | quite a big beat in that quarter after some flattish
           | momentum, middle of the year very strong anyway).
        
             | slownews45 wrote:
             | Umm, intel flatlined basically on chip development. Chip
             | shortages also hit the sector. And the long tail has gotten
             | to point where folks keep systems in workloads even if
             | "better" solutions exist - because existing systems are
             | working fine. 4 years is not unreasonable (now). Once chip
             | shortages ease and development picks up again at intel
             | useful life may decrease again.
        
         | kyrra wrote:
         | Googler, opinions are my own. I know nothing about this.
         | 
         | I wonder if this was Google's response to the chip shortage?
         | Maybe the cost/benefit (and just sheer inability to get certain
         | parts) made them hold on to hardware for longer.
        
           | DennisAleynikov wrote:
           | That would be an interesting adjustment
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | Could also be the fact that Google has built a ton of new
           | data centers in the last two years. Newer hardware, infra,
           | utilization, etc. could lead to better quality/lifespans.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | This is probably less exciting than you imagine. It's hard to
         | estimate HDD and CPU failure rates 5 years into the future,
         | especially on new-generation hardware. 3 years was an informed
         | guess.
        
         | sidibe wrote:
         | I don't think the workloads would have much to do with this,
         | probably saw that they were having less failures than
         | anticipated or memory/chip shortages have them keeping
         | equipment around longer than they planned.
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | No, computers typically have a service life of 5 years, but
         | depreciating them faster gives you more loss to to write down
         | against your income.
         | 
         | What you are seeing though is the trick they used to make 'net
         | income' pop. Let's say they had a million servers and a server
         | costs $5K each. When depreciated at 3 years that is $1.6
         | billion dollars a year of depreciation. But you stretch that
         | out to 4 years and now its only $1.25 billion dollars in
         | appreciation. Since depreciation is subtracted from revenue you
         | just "bumped" up your revenue by $350M and you didn't have to
         | do anything at all (except change how you treated your assets).
         | 
         | That they had to resort to this level of shenanigan to get
         | their revenue numbers up is interesting to me.
        
           | remus wrote:
           | Looking at it from a naive point of view, could it just be an
           | actual change in what they estimate to be the useful life of
           | their servers? Accounting shenanigans for a (relatively)
           | small bump in revenue seems not really worthwhile.
        
           | gradys wrote:
           | > Since depreciation is subtracted from revenue you just
           | "bumped" up your revenue by ...
           | 
           | No, you bumped your net income. Revenue is unaffected by the
           | depreciation change. Revenue is up 61%.
           | 
           | Also, nobody would be fooled by an accounting trick like
           | this. Analysts routinely compute EBITA, earnings before
           | interest, taxes, and depreciation, exactly for this reason -
           | filtering out the more purely financial/virtual expenses that
           | are less informative for understanding the core business.
           | 
           | They likely did it because you're required to report things
           | like depreciation in a way that reflects reality. There could
           | be tax implications for instance, since you can count
           | depreciation expenses against your taxable earnings (though
           | often companies maintain separate depreciation accounting for
           | financial reporting vs taxes due to the different rules for
           | each).
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Fair, it bumps net income not revenue.
             | 
             | When I was younger, I took an accounting class from Santa
             | Clara University (it was part of their Executive MBA
             | program although I did not get an MBA) because I knew that
             | I'd like to start my own company some day and needed to
             | know how accounting worked.
             | 
             | > Also, nobody would be fooled by an accounting trick like
             | this.
             | 
             | The course specifically covered "accounting tricks" that
             | would create the most favorable impression in the eyes of
             | the public and in the eyes of the analyst community.
             | Playing around with depreciation rates was one of them. The
             | assertion in class (which I've never had a chance to test)
             | was that the IRS rarely, if ever, cared about your
             | depreciation tables. That was damn close to 20 years ago so
             | it most certainly could be different now, and I am not a
             | tax accountant. If it has changed since then I am sure
             | someone who has taken the class will correct me.
             | 
             | I don't think it "fools" analysts, but I suspect they might
             | trade on an understanding that retail investors might have
             | a different take on what was reported than what the
             | analysts read.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | My assumption is the hardware was more reliable than expected.
         | If it was about slowing workload growth one might expect them
         | to switch to a usage-based (instead of time-based) depreciation
         | schedule.
        
         | DennisAleynikov wrote:
         | Seemingly the latter. Less benefit between generations and more
         | stress resistance in hardware compared to earlier data center
         | practice
        
         | greenail wrote:
         | AFAIK it comes down to some degree to a tradeoff between the
         | projected density and power efficiency gains of newer gear vs
         | the cost savings of keeping older gear around and in the racks.
         | Some datacenters simply can't support higher density due to
         | power constraints and if the newer gear isn't offsetting the
         | capital costs by pulling in more revenue then you might as well
         | keep the old gear around longer.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | I don't know why people always mention density. Google isn't
           | constrained on floor space. If they need another 100 acres of
           | Iowa for their servers to stand on, they'll just buy that for
           | a comparative $0 cost.
           | 
           | Density is an issue for people who are still renting from
           | Equinix.
        
             | greenail wrote:
             | the substation has a limit, so do all of the power
             | distribution systems.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Sure but that's the opposite trend from density, is it
               | not? A dual 64-core EPYC Rome machine - and we know they
               | are using these for web search, from published research
               | papers - has 400W of CPU TDP alone, which is a more than
               | double the per-host TDP of a Westmere EP (as an example
               | of a retired platform). So if anything there is more
               | empty space in the racks in 2021 than there would have
               | been in 2011, based on the design power load of existing
               | buildings.
        
               | greenail wrote:
               | The cycle for servers is 3 years, the cycle for the
               | building is 30 years. What I'm trying to say is that if
               | you can deliver more widgets per watt per sq ft by
               | replacing the server than you go for that. If you can't
               | why not keep the already depreciated server operating for
               | another year. The incremental costs are mostly the power
               | (and ac) plus the opportunity cost of putting a more
               | efficient server in a year later. If it fails you just
               | put in the newer server. If it doesn't you may save a
               | bit.
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | Probably because intel chips feel like they have stagnated
         | somewhat performance-wise while they milked the market IMHO.
         | 
         | Why upgrade to the latest intel CPU when you get a paltry
         | 100Mhz clock increase for the bother? May as well wait another
         | year if 3 year old CPUs are pretty much the same performance as
         | current models (give it take a few %)
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Uh, both 3 and 4 are radical understatements of the economic
         | lives of servers. They are TCO+ for 10 years in reality. For a
         | company like Google or any other company designing their own
         | equipment the usual reason to retire equipment (end of
         | warranty) does not exist.
         | 
         | There are still Sandy Bridge CPUs available in GCE. Sandy
         | Bridge came out in Q2 2011.
        
       | Shadonototra wrote:
       | What value do they provide to our society?
       | 
       | We empower the wrong things..
        
         | dietr1ch wrote:
         | I'd love to have access to a free search engine, email, and a
         | video platform. But objectively running and improving those
         | systems takes money that people is not really willing to pay
         | for. Wikipedia is a good example on how our anchor on that
         | everything digital must be free keeps us from developing free
         | systems. I wish we could change that.
         | 
         | Now, what value do those systems provide? I would definitely be
         | living a much different (and likely worse) life if I didn't had
         | access to the Internet and systems like those since middle
         | school.
        
       | slownews45 wrote:
       | Quick summary.
       | 
       | Revenue up 41%!! Incredible for an already very large company.
       | 
       | Op Margin also up to 32%?
       | 
       | When you realize how hard walmart and friends works for every
       | point of margin and growth - these guys are literally printing
       | millions.
        
       | belval wrote:
       | Net income up 68%, that's terrifying high for a company that
       | size. Good job everyone at Alphabet/Google.
        
         | bsedlm wrote:
         | what's really scary is that some of that profitability comes
         | straight from governments "purchasing" capabilities such as
         | recently the exposed deal
         | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10063665/Government...
        
           | sidibe wrote:
           | Don't see anything in there about government paying
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Factorium wrote:
         | Lockdowns and money printing are great for business. No wonder
         | Google is deplatforming scientists and engaging in mass
         | censorship.
        
         | kansface wrote:
         | More like the pandemic is good for pushing activities onto the
         | internet of which Google takes its slice.
        
           | TrainedMonkey wrote:
           | And $2T dumped into stock market, portion of which companies
           | have used on online ads to compete for increased revenue.
        
             | mrep wrote:
             | Where are you getting your $2T number from?
        
               | TrainedMonkey wrote:
               | Looking at https://www.investopedia.com/government-
               | stimulus-efforts-to-... and roughly guesstimating $1.5T
               | from direct loans / PPP and additional $0.5T from the
               | knock off stimulus and inflation effects.
        
               | mrep wrote:
               | That's money given to people and businesses. Secondary
               | effects could go into the stock market but not directly
               | and I definitely would not call that dumping into the
               | stock market considering most was probably used to keep
               | business and people afloat.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | In a trickle up economy it doesn't matter where you drop
               | it, it will go into the stock market.
        
               | harmmonica wrote:
               | This squarely falls into the anecdotal camp, but my
               | understanding based on online commentary and more
               | specifically the actual experiences of four of my friends
               | who run businesses ranging from a two-employee,
               | furniture-building firm that probably generates
               | $300-$500k in annual revenue all the way up to a major
               | concrete contractor with a thousand employees and
               | hundreds of millions in revenue applied for and were
               | granted government funds and not a single one of those
               | companies needed the money to keep staff on the payroll
               | because their businesses continued to operate as normal
               | for the extent of the pandemic. At least one of those
               | folks fully admitted to putting their entire $80k+ "loan"
               | into the stock market (the cruise lines in particular
               | when they were getting beat up early on). It's appalling.
               | And yes I said friends. I'm not condoning it, but
               | business people will justify by saying "that's why I pay
               | taxes."
               | 
               | I can't prove the scale, but I believe the op (or was it
               | gp?) is right and those funds, to some extent, went
               | directly into stocks, real estate, luxury automobiles,
               | luxury watches, artwork and other assets, and a large
               | percentage of the remainder found its way to those same
               | places indirectly.
               | 
               | I have no concrete evidence or source for this, but I
               | don't think my friends are unique here. For as many
               | businesses as you heard were struggling there were
               | countless others doing ok or even well during the
               | pandemic.
               | 
               | Just trying to offer a different perspective on your
               | comment.
        
           | deadmutex wrote:
           | Umm, a pandemic is not good for business. Many of the ads are
           | bought by real businesses.
           | 
           | "Alphabet has been viewed as a key beneficiary of the
           | **reopening trade**, given it stands to gain from a pick-up
           | in travel-related searches and advertising on Google Search."
           | (** emphasis mine **)
           | 
           | Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/alphabet-google-
           | reports-q3-20...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | There's a part of Chaos Monkey where the author describes
         | driving past Google on a weekend and seeing empty parking lots
         | while Facebook's were full (this was during Google Plus). He
         | concluded that Google no longer had a fire in the belly and
         | facebook was going to overcome it, not just in social
         | mindshare, but ad revenue.
         | 
         | Conditions changed.
        
           | buryat wrote:
           | > empty parking lots
           | 
           | people working remote
        
             | cornstalks wrote:
             | During the Google Plus days? Not so much.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | And indeed FB did eat their lunch in social.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | and in doing so, set themselves up for much larger
               | failure. Google instead pivoted that energy into cloud,
               | which is now broken out in their earnings.
               | 
               | I was one of those googlers who, when Plus was announced,
               | wondered "why aren't we announcing an AWS competitor?"
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | At the same time Facebook tried and failed to take on
               | Gmail.
        
               | lostdog wrote:
               | Because they worked more hours, or because they chose to
               | build something less stupid?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | But not "not only in social mindshare, but in ad
               | revenue".
               | 
               | Social is just (fom a business perspective) a tool for
               | getting an audience. The thing both Google and Facebook
               | are selling is advertisement placement. Winning in one
               | area of free "services" to build an audience to deliver
               | ads to but not winning in actually selling ads...isn't
               | winning.
        
           | DenseComet wrote:
           | Thats an insane conclusion imo. Weekend work being normalized
           | leads to unhappier employees. Working longer also doesn't
           | just mean more productivity, there's been many cases of four
           | day work weeks causing no change.
           | 
           | Employees are a company's most valuable resource. A company
           | looking to grow and innovate must take care of its employees
           | and part of it is respecting their time.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | The dirty secret of tech is that markets matter more than
           | effort or smarts. If you have product/market fit and a decent
           | technological lead in a market that is large and growing, you
           | will do better than a company that does not have PMF or a
           | good market, regardless of how hard you work. (This explains
           | so much about Oracle.) Social media mentions are probably a
           | better sign of how well you'll do than full parking lots.
           | 
           | I'd bet that Google & Facebook's current run-up is largely
           | driven by inflation and higher ad prices. FB even said as
           | much in a recent earnings call. Jerome Powell did more for
           | their business than any employee up through the CEO did.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | > I'd bet that Google & Facebook's current run-up is
             | largely driven by inflation and higher ad prices.
             | 
             | What does this mean? The dollar didn't inflate 68%.
             | 
             | If you mean that companies are investing more capital into
             | advertising because capital markets are looser, sure, but
             | why is that a bad thing again?
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Google's revenue growth came at least in part by creating
             | two new markets that it has control over: youtube ads and
             | mobile ads. In both areas, Google was able to couple a
             | rapidly growing product with new ad space that it
             | auctioned. I doubt most people appreciate quite how
             | effective Youtube and Google Play are at delivering ads to
             | users and money to Google. It's not just inflation and
             | higher prices- it's a massive growth of the market.
        
             | gitfan86 wrote:
             | markets and moats matter. Anyone can get revenue selling
             | tomatoes, the problem with tomato farming is that there is
             | no moat, you will not be able to sell at a price much
             | higher than the next farmer down the street.
             | 
             | If there were 100 good search engines the price for
             | advertising would be 90% lower
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | >If there were 100 good search engines the price for
               | advertising would be 90% lower
               | 
               | Would it really be that much though?
               | 
               | I thought search ads were auctions - i.e. competition for
               | impressions/clicks directly correlates to the price of
               | advertising.
               | 
               | If you have search users distributed across 100
               | platforms, the competition for impressions/clicks is
               | going to be super low on all platforms, but you'd have to
               | advertise on 100 platforms to get the same level of
               | engagement, adding it all back up but with 100 middle men
               | this time.
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | > If there were 100 good search engines the price for
               | advertising would be 90% lower
               | 
               | Why do you think that? The revenue is determined by the
               | number of searches showing ads, the click-through rate,
               | and the cost per click. The total across all companies
               | would clearly not change for the first two metrics. Would
               | the cost per click change? Given it's determined by an
               | auction, I don't see how it could change. If you have an
               | incentive to bid $1 on an ad on a single site with 100x
               | traffic, you'd be equally willing to bid $1 on each of
               | 100 separate sites with 1x traffic.
        
               | gitfan86 wrote:
               | If competition existed company A would offer a better
               | product than just cost-per-click. Then company B would
               | offer another product better than company A, and so on.
               | Google is like a person that owns the only road between
               | two towns. You have to pay them until other people can
               | build ferries or airports or trains. At which point you
               | can exit the mentality of "we have to take this road and
               | pay per drive"
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | Sorry, that still makes no sense to me. Why would company
               | B have to make a better product in reaction? They're not
               | being impacted at all. Company A having more and cheaper
               | ads certainly won't make any users switch from B to A. It
               | also won't make any existing advertisers stop spending on
               | ads on B and run more ads on A, since the ads on B must
               | have been profitable at the current price, and those ads
               | are reaching a different set of users than the ads on A.
               | 
               | Is it possible that those cheaper ads could create more
               | demand for ads somehow? It seems hard to believe it
               | could. Either it's a search term that people were already
               | willing to buy more expensive ads for, and are now just
               | happy to pay less, or it's a search term that nobody was
               | willing to bid even minimum price for.
               | 
               | What's actually going to happen in your scenario is that
               | company A loses 90% of their revenue, goes bankrupt, and
               | their domain is sold for a fair price to Company B or one
               | of the other 98 remaining competitors.
        
               | candiodari wrote:
               | > If there were 100 good search engines the price for
               | advertising would be 90% lower
               | 
               | And the number of ads and hidden ads would be like Cable.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > If there were 100 good search engines the price for
               | advertising would be 90% lower
               | 
               | If there were 100 good search engines for end users, but
               | opinions of different users on quality were highly
               | correlated, the traffic would be very disproportionately
               | on the one that was perceived as even very slightly
               | better.
               | 
               | And they'd make the bulk of the advertising dollars.
               | 
               | And they'd have the bulk of the money to throw at
               | improvements.
               | 
               | And the next year, unless some competitor got more access
               | to outside investment to make up for that, the gap would
               | be bigger, they'd have even more of the search audience,
               | and even more of the advertising money, etc.
        
               | gitfan86 wrote:
               | You are describing 99 shitty search engines and 1 good
               | one.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Sure, if "slighty worse that good" is "shitty".
               | 
               | When you can't sell your slightly-less-good product for a
               | lower price to make it value-competitive to slightly-
               | more-good one, there's very little reason for all the
               | users not to go to the slightly-more-good one. With free
               | services given away to get an advertising audience, that
               | makes slight advantages very prone to positive feedback
               | loops.
        
       | HWR_14 wrote:
       | Once more, I don't understand how advertising revenue keeps
       | growing. Once people install ad blockers, they don't typically
       | remove them. And ad-blockers keep growing.
       | 
       | So who is actually seeing these ads? How can those numbers be
       | going _up_?
       | 
       | I understand, intellectually, that not everyone thinks like me.
       | But I don't fundamentally understand why people allow ads on
       | their devices when they can prevent it. Then again, I don't
       | understand a lot of behaviors people exhibit.
        
         | jarek83 wrote:
         | Please mind that google started to show search results in a
         | fashion that if search "A company" then the first link is the
         | ad pointing to the "A company" website and only next is the
         | same exact link to that company website. This is pure cheating
         | and I'm amazed how they can both: laugh at advertisers face and
         | keep it legal.
        
           | slownews45 wrote:
           | Don't advertise that way if you don't want to? I'm failing to
           | see what the issue is. If you don't mind and advertiser
           | saying, hey, look at me instead, then don't pay google to
           | advertise.
        
         | antisthenes wrote:
         | > So who is actually seeing these ads? How can those numbers be
         | going up?
         | 
         | Advertising spend could be going up without more people seeing
         | the ads. Since businesses compete for limited advertising
         | space, they are likely to keep increasing the size of their
         | bids for click.
         | 
         | Alphabet's revenue could be growing as a result of eroding the
         | margins of other businesses, who are now forced to spend more
         | money for the same amount of clicks.
         | 
         | I don't claim this to be the exact scenario that reflects
         | reality, but it is a very plausible scenario nonetheless. A
         | nice little lesson in why lots of things are zero-sum (even
         | though we'd like to pretend they aren't)
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | Assuming Google has a good handle on click fraud and the growth
         | is real:
         | 
         | * Some % of people install adblockers, but that number doesn't
         | grow that much.
         | 
         | * There are more people being reached by advertising than ever
         | before. 7.7 billion people in the world & still only about half
         | are online. So overall the number of users they're reaching is
         | growing even if they lose some to adblockers.
         | 
         | * You currently have to install an adblocker per device or even
         | application (unless you are in the minority putting it on your
         | router at home). This means that adblock rates vary and a user
         | installing an adblock somewhere doesn't mean that user is
         | globally lost from advertising reaching them somehow.
         | 
         | * There are multiple modalities for ad networks (app, web
         | pages, etc etc). Google is involved in all of them. Ad blocking
         | has variable performance across those networks unless you
         | really know what you're doing (e.g. in-app advertising is very
         | hard to block on iOS).
         | 
         | * The price of ads can vary driving up revenues. Not all ads
         | are priced equivalently so Google can drive value that way by
         | making the ads more valuable to advertisers or making more
         | expensive ads more appealing.
         | 
         | * Inflation will naturally increase total dollar amounts even
         | if everything else remained constant.
        
           | human wrote:
           | I manage near 1M$ in Google Ads per year and can tell you CPC
           | is going up while impressions are stable.
        
             | trevyn wrote:
             | Is your ROI decreasing? (i.e. CPC could be increasing, but
             | conversions / order value could be increasing as well)
        
         | flyinglizard wrote:
         | Ads become more expensive, conversions and ROI keep sliding
         | down, but Google and Facebook are almost the only game in town
         | for online advertising. Where would you go that's not one of
         | their properties?
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | I also think there's a lot of negative ROI on ad campaigns,
         | with no shortage of new players queuing out the door to try
         | their luck in digital space.
        
         | jeswin wrote:
         | Search ads and Youtube ads are unaffected by ad-blockers, and
         | that's a big chunk of their revenue.
        
         | TheDong wrote:
         | > Once people install ad blockers, they don't typically remove
         | them. And ad-blockers keep growing
         | 
         | > don't fundamentally understand why people allow ads on their
         | devices when they can prevent it
         | 
         | The market share of iOS also has increased a bit, and iOS does
         | not allow ad blocking very easily. You have to configure some
         | sorta DNS-based ad blocking, which is harder than the
         | traditional desktop firefox/chrome adblockers to install.
         | 
         | Usage of computers has also shifted towards phone/tablet apps,
         | away from desktop browsers... And ad-blocking in apps is hard
         | to impossible compared to on desktops.
         | 
         | I'm not surprised people continue to see a lot of ads as we
         | move from the web, where mature ad-blockers exist, to apps,
         | where ad-blocking is harder and less mature.
         | 
         | Even very technical people usually don't bother with pi-hole
         | and see ads in free android apps.
         | 
         | Oh, and also, there are occasionally cases of an ad-blocker
         | removing itself somewhat, i.e. adblock plus used to be the go
         | to recommendation for ad-blocking, but they started allowing
         | google ads through in an update
         | (https://adblockplus.org/en/acceptable-ads)... so maybe someone
         | installed adblock plus because that's what they remembered from
         | 10 years ago (and adblock plus has better SEO than ublock
         | origin too), and thus still gets google ads now.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | >The market share of iOS also has increased a bit, and iOS
           | does not allow ad blocking very easily. You have to configure
           | some sorta DNS-based ad blocking, which is harder than the
           | traditional desktop firefox/chrome adblockers to install.
           | 
           | Are you considering installing a content blocker not easy? Or
           | not ad blocking? Firefox Focus is free and a few taps away
           | from the app store.
           | 
           | Seems easier to me than installing ublock origin on desktops.
           | Which people can easily be misled into installing ublock, or
           | adblocker, or any the other scammy ones that do not really
           | block ads or do something else nefarious. It is harder for a
           | non technical user to get fooled by an iOS content blocker.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | Safari content blockers dont block in-app ads, though, do
             | they?
             | 
             | Similar issue on Android, you need a DNS based or VPN based
             | solution to block ads in apps. Thats probably too technical
             | for 99% of the market.
        
             | TheDong wrote:
             | > Are you considering installing a content blocker not
             | easy? Or not ad blocking?
             | 
             | If you google how to install an adblocker on iOS, you get
             | garbage results which will mostly only work for safari, and
             | will mostly not block google's ads ("acceptable ads").
             | 
             | If I google 'ios ad blocker' and install the apps in the
             | order recommended, I think I'd have to go through ~10
             | garbage apps before I got to firefox focus.
             | 
             | ... And I think for a lot of people, firefox focus isn't
             | viable because they want their chrome bookmarks to sync
             | etc.
             | 
             | When I said "DNS-based ad blocking, which is harder than
             | the traditional desktop firefox/chrome adblockers to
             | install.", I was mostly thinking of installing pi-hole
             | since that's the reliable way to block stuff on iOS, since
             | otherwise the matrix of content blockers is a total mess.
             | I'll stand by pi-hole being too much for most people.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Well, youtube videos open in the youtube iOS app. It's hard
             | to block ads in a native app.
             | 
             | Is there a way?
        
               | comrade555 wrote:
               | Uninstall YouTube app and have yt links open in brave.
               | Works like a charm.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > when they can prevent it.
         | 
         | Most people wouldn't know where to start to install an ad
         | blocker.
         | 
         | They don't even understand the concept, much less know that it
         | even exists.
        
         | vgeek wrote:
         | They can adjust Quality Score parameters or bid floors to
         | increase the CPC and/or make ads look more like organic results
         | to increase the ad CTR. Both will increase their earnings per
         | pageview.
         | 
         | More auction participants mean higher bids.
         | 
         | Removing match types such as phrase, while automatically
         | shifting phrase to broad modified helps increase their fill
         | rate & number of participants per auction.
         | 
         | Eliminating second price proxy auctions in display ads (search
         | likely soon to follow?) will likely yield measurable increases
         | in CPC.
         | 
         | A few years back they went from up to 10 ads to 7 on most--
         | they have that dial to adjust if necessary.
         | 
         | Products like Google Shopping take up more and more space on
         | the SERPs and are _typically_ pay to play. They have higher CTR
         | due to carousel images  & once you click into that ecosystem,
         | nearly every click yields ad revenue.
         | 
         | Chrome behavior with URLs is conditioning users to search for
         | brands (versus typing in the full domain name), who then have
         | to pay to defend their brand terms from brand poachers.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | >adjust Quality Score parameters or bid floors to increase
           | the CPC and/or make ads look more like organic results to
           | increase the ad CTR.
           | 
           | That's not really how auctions work. Raising the price floor
           | would just exclude ads with CPCs below the floor from paying,
           | and since they're already getting paid for the maximum CPC
           | bid at the time anyways they would just make less revenue.
           | 
           | If they messed with quality score discounts in an
           | exploitative way, the entire billion-dollar SEO industry
           | watching it would notice and cry foul.
        
             | vgeek wrote:
             | Ad Rank is a function of bid and QS ( _heavily_ weighted
             | towards CTR). Adjusting weighting of any of the three
             | public components of QS will impact _all_ participants,
             | ignoring cases of exceeding max bids, all bids should
             | increase proportionately-- with some participants having
             | different impacts, but overall a net increase.
             | 
             | Bid floors will exclude ads from showing unless a certain
             | ad rank is met. If users want to continue (or start)
             | receiving impressions, they need to meet the adjusted
             | threshold. This won't be as common on terms like "chicago
             | movers", but when you get into the longtail and use an
             | Alpha/Beta structure, it can be relatively common to get a
             | "bids below threshold" for lower volume terms that have
             | less (think <5) auction participants as shown in search
             | insights & sampling the SERPs manually. When you get into
             | these niche terms, you assume terms will be cheap due to
             | lack of participants, but that isn't typically the case.
        
         | sahadeva wrote:
         | 1. More people are getting on the internet all the time,
         | especially new markets like India (who likely don't use ad
         | blockers).
         | 
         | 2. We're still early internet, and people rely on the internet
         | more and more (and therefore search more). E.g. in Covid,
         | people are likely transitioning more of their life online,
         | which is good for Google.
         | 
         | 3. As companies and the broader economy do better, companies
         | will invest more in growing themselves, often by buying more
         | ads. Companies are doing very well right now (see stock
         | market), so there are more ads being bought AND the price per
         | ad will likely go up because there is more competition.
         | 
         | 4. There is still plenty of untapped ad real estate for Google
         | to monetize as well (searches that could generate ad revenue,
         | and web pages that can surface better ads).
         | 
         | This combination is great for Google.
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | 1. There's a sizable amount of budget in a process of migrating
         | away from offline advertising market, partially thanks to
         | COVID. This increases auction competition.
         | 
         | 2. Online advertising still have a room for better optimization
         | in many ways. You'll be surprised on how primitive bidding
         | systems are for a large fraction of advertisers. Better bidding
         | means ads more likely to convert.
         | 
         | Also note that HN readers are extreme outliers compared to
         | usual people who actually spend money on ads. My gut feeling is
         | that perhaps >90% of people don't care much about whether it's
         | ads or not if it seems relevant enough for them.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | The price of the ads could be going up at a quicker rate,
         | especially as more and more viewers from previous ad spending
         | channels (such as TV channels) move to online options (such as
         | Youtube).
         | 
         | Also, the number of people using ad blockers must be extremely
         | low. Even crazier, most people who I talk to about content
         | blockers on iOS zone out of the conversation before I can even
         | get to how easy it is. They do not even care that much about
         | the ads or notice how annoying they are.
         | 
         | Then again, many or most people still watch live sports and old
         | school TV channels, which are chock full of ads. I cannot even
         | stand too obvious product placement, much less ad breaks. So
         | while I will go out of my way to remove ads from my life, there
         | are probably 9 others who will not spend a single second
         | thinking about it.
        
           | simfree wrote:
           | Sounds like a bad pitch then. Shorten it up, better not to
           | overdo a sales pitch than to do too short a pitch.
           | 
           | I don't pitch Signal, but when I do see it pitched those that
           | are most successful pitch 1 directly useful feature as why
           | you should install it.
           | 
           | Eg: Get Signal, our videos won't look like a fuzzy potato
           | lens image
           | 
           | Remember, your reason should be a problem the person your
           | pitching to has faced and would like to see fixed. If they
           | are having trouble with a different issue, pitch that
           | instead!
        
             | stathibus wrote:
             | "Get Signal, it _probably_ won't send random pictures to
             | your friends."
        
           | Kafkish wrote:
           | > Then again, many or most people still watch live sports and
           | old school TV channels, which are chock full of ads. I cannot
           | even stand too obvious product placement, much less ad
           | breaks.
           | 
           | Everybody is different. Back in the early 2000s when I used
           | to watch TV, I actually enjoyed ads, because they tended to
           | be more entertaining than the TV shows themselves (remember
           | the Budweizer lizards and eTrade babies). Even when online
           | ads because popular, when they were still contextual, I
           | really did not mind. It was only when ads began to follow
           | people around online that I put an end to it.
           | 
           | But I still watch live sports - only online, since I no
           | longer have TV service. I get around ads on NFL games by
           | having more than one game streaming on different tabs, then
           | switch to the one that's not in an ad break.
           | 
           | Online, there are no ads during football (the real one),
           | tennis and volleyball matches, so I have very little to
           | complain about.
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | Alphabet + Facebook revenue now represents 1/2% of world GDP and
       | still growing rapidly.
       | 
       | Edit: possibly not quite but almost certainly 1/2% excluding
       | China.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | Considering the world would be more than 0.5% worse without
         | Google, I guess they're still undervalued?
        
           | gmiller123456 wrote:
           | You're making the assumption that no company, or companies,
           | would step in and provide a similar service for a similar or
           | better value.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | Bing search, edge browser and windows phones? Amazon owning
             | youtube? Companies would step up, but not sure if that
             | would be a better scenario than what we have now.
        
             | Kranar wrote:
             | Don't see how your claim follows. If another company would
             | have stepped in to provide a similar or better service
             | instead of Google, then it would have been that company
             | worth 0.5% of world GDP.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | theevilsharpie wrote:
         | This isn't even close to being true.
        
           | caturopath wrote:
           | It's not quite half a percent by most accounts of GWP, but
           | it's around there.
        
             | theevilsharpie wrote:
             | 0.5% of global GDP would be more reasonable, although a
             | fraction is an odd way of writing it.
             | 
             | It also doesn't tell us much other than Google and Facebook
             | are large companies with significant earnings. You can
             | probably provide a similar percentage for VW/Toyota,
             | Boeing/Airbus, Walmart/Amazon, or any other pair of large
             | companies that are the leaders in their respective markets.
             | Indeed, if you lumped the entire Fortune 500 together,
             | they're probably make up a sizable portion (if not the
             | majority) of world GDP.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | 1/2 = 0.5 last time I checked but if you find 0.5 more
               | reasonable that's fine.
               | 
               | Seriously though, Wal-Mart has $500 billion revenues but
               | it's not growing at the rate of these companies. By lots
               | of metrics these companies are increasingly globally
               | significant in a way that most of the examples you quote
               | aren't.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | Walmart on its own has more revenue than Google and
               | Facebook combined.
        
               | Diederich wrote:
               | Yup, WMT most recently reported $566B in revenue.
        
           | beambot wrote:
           | World GDP is $80T. Google's run-rate is $240B revenue and
           | Facebook's is $116B. That's $356B / $80T => 0.445%. Close
           | enough for internet math.
        
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