[HN Gopher] Why did Dostoyevsky write Crime and Punishment?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why did Dostoyevsky write Crime and Punishment?
        
       Author : apollinaire
       Score  : 111 points
       Date   : 2021-10-24 04:49 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | _Crime and Punishment_ is pretty well-known, but not many know
       | that Joseph Conrad wrote at least one novel in direct reaction to
       | it  / to Dostoyevsky.
       | 
       |  _Under Western Eyes (1911) is a novel by Joseph Conrad. The
       | novel takes place in St. Petersburg, Russia, and Geneva,
       | Switzerland, and is viewed as Conrad 's response to the themes
       | explored in Crime and Punishment; Conrad was reputed to have
       | detested Dostoevsky._
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Western_Eyes_(novel)
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/feb/26/featuresreview...
        
         | bingohbangoh wrote:
         | I had no idea this book existed.
         | 
         | The best Russian writers (Dostoyevsky, Solzhenitsyn, Tolstoy)
         | were something like Russian chauvinists. They thought Russia --
         | in particular, culturally and religiously -- was above all
         | other nations. There was propaganda in the 19th century about
         | Russia being the "protector of the Slavic peoples" which the
         | targeted countries didn't exactly want. It's an idea that still
         | resonates both in Russia and among her ex-pats.
         | 
         | Skimming the Wikipedia page, Conrad seems to have taken offense
         | to precisely this. The book looks fascinating.
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | Where does Dostoyevsky advocate such ethno-nationalism? Don't
           | remember any such from my readings of either _Crime and
           | Punishment_ or _The Brothers Karamazov_.
        
             | bingohbangoh wrote:
             | "Ethno-Nationalism" is not the word I'd use to describe it.
             | 
             | The question is broad and difficult to answer but I can out
             | a few examples of what I mean. [0] Lots of ideas about
             | Russia's unique place in the world and why they're better
             | than others (e.g. Dostoyevsky on why Russian Orthodoxy was
             | better than other forms of religion). Most of these writers
             | had spent time in the west, did not hold high opinions of
             | it, and were vaguely Slavophiles. [1] There was a reason
             | Dostoyevsky returned to Russia after living in France for
             | some time, even after going to Siberia.
             | 
             | Solzhenitsyn did write about other ethnic groups in the
             | Gulags and these often get misinterpreted in their English
             | translations as "kind and meek" whereas their Russian
             | originals would imply something more like "Good-natured
             | simpleton." [2] He, of course, wrote far more controversial
             | books, to put it mildly, but I won't link to those here.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_soul
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavophilia
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43210399
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | I don't think I'd call it ethno-nationalism. It's more of
             | the equivalent of American Exceptionalism.
             | 
             | And since we are talking about Conrad, Poland has/had a
             | similar phenomenon at the same time, called "The Christ of
             | Nations."
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_of_Europe
             | 
             | Many of these ideas had roots in 19th century romanticism.
        
               | bingohbangoh wrote:
               | > I don't think I'd call it ethno-nationalism. It's more
               | of the equivalent of American Exceptionalism.
               | 
               | That's exactly it.
               | 
               | In retrospect, calling it Russian Chauvinism may be a
               | loaded term on my part.
        
       | eCa wrote:
       | There seems to be a bug on the Atlantic. On my phone the article
       | in it's entirety says:
       | 
       | > He had no choice.
       | 
       | Guess that works as a tl;dr.
        
         | mkotowski wrote:
         | It seems to be a failed attempt at paywalling or AdBlock
         | detection. Disabling JavaScript helps.
        
           | eCa wrote:
           | The easiest solution was actually Safari's reader mode.
        
       | sudoaza wrote:
       | I guess to get some food money
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Thats why he did some work for which he could earn money. It's
         | not why he wrote that particular book, the way that he did.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | There's an (apocryphal?) Nabokov quotation: I write for love,
         | but I publish for money.
        
         | huhtenberg wrote:
         | Interestingly enough, one of his lifelong dreams was to earn a
         | million.
        
           | agustif wrote:
           | He should have waited to born until he could practice some
           | leetcode and get a FAANG job then!
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Honest question; are you actually 'set' once you get past
             | the leetcode interview phase, or are there frequent
             | performance reviews and the like with the risk of getting
             | sacked if you suck at your day job?
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | There are certain companies that come with a significant
               | risk of getting sacked for performance reasons: Amazon,
               | Netflix, Facebook primarily. Others like Google, Cisco,
               | Microsoft are known for being very chill on non-cloud
               | teams and would be pretty hard to be fired from if you're
               | doing the bare minimum.
        
               | agustif wrote:
               | Hopefully someone better than me can answer...
               | 
               | But for what I read on HN, leetcode it's just a filter to
               | get in like having harvard or stanford in your resume is
               | too...
               | 
               | Once you pass the filters, however you do, I say there
               | are much more important stuff to know than leetcode that
               | can predit how well you will do... Also in any big
               | company the size of those, it's literally a gamble as in
               | the team you'll be working with will be the most
               | important thing affecting you, besides salary or
               | whatever... So you've a lot of variance on success on
               | those big shops.
               | 
               | I've never tried/had a leetcode interview tbh, 4-8h take-
               | home code challenges (in frontend positions I apply) are
               | more abundant in my experience. But I'm not in the US so
               | who knows...
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | If we take inflation into account and use USD (I am not as
           | easily able to find Tsarist ruple inflation information) and
           | checked it to the years of his birth and death that would be
           | about $24M to $26M. Quite an ambitious number then. Now as an
           | inevitable consequence of continual inflation a million
           | dollars is good for an estimated 19 years of retirement
           | income with investments. Certainly nothing to sneeze at today
           | but not the same great wealth it once was.
        
       | BayAreaEscapee wrote:
       | Did anyone else get to the end of this article and ask
       | themselves, "So why _did_ the article 's author think Dostoyevsky
       | wrote Crime and Punishment?" I felt I reached the end of the
       | article without it substantially addressing the headline.
       | 
       | Or maybe I'm just not deep enough.
        
         | kevadk wrote:
         | My reading was that the article just didn't get much deeper
         | than "because of course this is the kind of book an indebted
         | gambling addict with a history of physical health problems and
         | political persecution would write."
        
         | gyom wrote:
         | Same here. It's a bunch of facts, some context, and more of a
         | rant about the question than any attempt at answering the
         | question.
         | 
         | You could even write an article asking why that original
         | article was even written, and it might make for more
         | interesting content.
        
           | mdanger007 wrote:
           | So as to not become another Lacenaire
        
         | Lendal wrote:
         | I can't remember ever being satisfied with an article having a
         | title that starts with the word "Why."
         | 
         | I'm going to stop reading them. Anything that starts with the
         | word "Why" is clickbait to me now. I'm done. Also any "Top 5
         | blah," and any phone call where they immediately mention my car
         | warranty.
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | I like this, I think I'll join. I have a similar list, which
           | also includes paywalled content even when a free option
           | exists.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | Kind of like a corollary to Betteridge's Law of Headlines.
           | Just as the answer to any yes/no question in a headline is
           | "no", the answer to any "why" question in a headline is not
           | given in the article.
        
         | gverrilla wrote:
         | it's your fault for reading an article that starts with "jesus
         | meets D"
        
       | codingclaws wrote:
       | I immediately got a GPT3 vibe.
        
       | 3minus1 wrote:
       | Crime and Punishment had a big influence on my when I read it in
       | 12th grade. Prior to it, I had been reading Ayn Rand and thinking
       | a lot about objectivism/libertarian ideas. Crime and Punishment
       | was like an antidote. I don't think C&P actually addresses
       | libertarian ideas, but it is a rejection of some kind of cold,
       | rationalist philosophy. Anyway I remember it fondly and should
       | probably reread it at some point.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Because his publisher made him change the original title, "Crime
       | and Getting Away With It."
        
       | agustif wrote:
       | Because crime without punishment?
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | That, or punishment without crime.
         | 
         | https://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Mock-execution_of_Fyodor_Dostoevsky
        
           | Grustaf wrote:
           | There was a crime though.
        
       | venomsnake wrote:
       | Russian literature is based on suffering. In it always someone
       | suffers. Could be the protagonist, the author or the reader. If
       | all of them are in pain - then it is a masterpiece of russian
       | literature.
       | 
       | So the question is why is Crime and Punishment forced on so many
       | innocent high school and college students ...
        
       | jmacd wrote:
       | I managed to read Crime and Punishment in my late 20s. I was a
       | decent read at the time but I wasn't struck by it. In the ~20
       | years since however, the visuals that were created in my mind
       | while reading it have really stuck with me and have developed.
       | I'm now hoping to be able to go to St Petersburg, just to walk
       | around.
       | 
       | I am by no means in to literature in any significant way, but
       | russian literature truly is something special. I've read a few
       | chapters of War and Peace as well. Very different styles, but
       | there is clearly some commonality in the way the authors use
       | elaborate descriptions to create very robust mental models for
       | the reader. I never feel like I get that in western literature
       | other than some of the stuff like Chatwin and Carra from the 70s.
        
         | bvrmn wrote:
         | > I'm now hoping to be able to go to St Petersburg, just to
         | walk around.
         | 
         | You'd better to hurry. Historic districts are in a sad state
         | and city administration wants do nothing about it. It's pretty
         | depressive atmosphere but completely off comparing with
         | Dostoevsky's time.
        
       | lanevorockz wrote:
       | We are getting really good at mind reading.
        
       | robin_reala wrote:
       | I seem to end up blowing my own trumpet on every classic book
       | thread on HN, but if you're looking for a nice and libre ebook of
       | _Crime and Punishment_ (Constance Garnett translation) I put one
       | together for Standard Ebooks, with bonus astounding Edvard Munch
       | cover.
       | 
       | https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/fyodor-dostoevsky/crime-an...
        
         | jxcl wrote:
         | If you're interested in reading Russian literature, do yourself
         | a favor and avoid the Constance Garnett translations. Her main
         | goals were speed and volume of translations, rather than to
         | actually make the translated works a pleasure to read or keep
         | them true to the original author's intent.
         | 
         | > "The reason English-speaking readers can barely tell the
         | difference between Tolstoy and Dostoevsky is that they aren't
         | reading the prose of either one. They're reading Constance
         | Garnett."
         | 
         | > Garnett's flaws were not the figment of a native speaker's
         | snobbery. She worked with such speed, with such an eye toward
         | the finish line, that when she came across a word or a phrase
         | that she couldn't make sense of she would skip it and move on.
         | 
         | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/11/07/the-translatio...
        
           | prvc wrote:
           | Counter-point: https://www.commentary.org/articles/gary-
           | morson/the-pevearsi...
        
           | 1cvmask wrote:
           | This reminded on another "lost in translation" article from
           | The New Yorker on Albert Camus and The Stranger:
           | 
           | https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/lost-in-
           | translat...
           | 
           | And the article you cite is by David Remnick who was
           | instrumental on spreading Iraq war lies at the New Yorker.
           | Should we trust him now?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Remnick
           | 
           | "A lot of the people who made those mistakes are still
           | occupying prominent positions, their credibility undamaged
           | thanks to a new legend best articulated by New Yorker editor
           | David Remnick, who later scoffed, "Nobody got that story
           | completely right."
           | 
           | Nobody except the record number of people who marched against
           | the war on February 15, 2003 -- conservative estimates placed
           | it between six and ten million worldwide (I marched in D.C.).
           | Every one of those people was way ahead of Remnick."
           | 
           | https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-
           | features/iraq...
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | The marchers weren't necessarily right. How many of those
             | people would have been marching against a totally just,
             | necessary war? Probably many of them. Many Americans didn't
             | want the US to get embroiled in WWII, even after Dec 7th
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | If anything, the fact that he's such a good propagandist
             | should be an _endorsement_ of his literary opinion, evil
             | notwithstanding. He clearly knows how to communicate well!
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | I find Garnett pretty readable, even if she doesn't capture
           | the original Russian as well as others.
           | 
           | The big problem, though, is that we're constricted by the
           | supply of public domain translations. We simply can't
           | typically offer much more than Garnett, and if we could,
           | they're usually worse to read from a purely side-by-side
           | English view, even if they're more authentically Russian.
        
             | jxcl wrote:
             | > The big problem, though, is that we're constricted by the
             | supply of public domain translations. We simply can't
             | typically offer much more than Garnett
             | 
             | Certainly! If your reading is constrained to public domain
             | works, you have basically no other option. I've read many
             | books in translation and before I learned about the
             | Constance Garnett controversy, I paid little to no
             | attention to who translated the work that I'm reading.
             | 
             | I guess I'm trying to spread the word that the translation
             | matters almost as much as the original work itself, and it
             | may be worth doing research on various translations before
             | picking one to read. And although the original works are
             | still as great as ever, it seems to me that the translating
             | profession has really come a long way since the 1800s. As a
             | result I tend usually to look at more recent translations
             | first.
             | 
             | > they're usually worse to read from a purely side-by-side
             | English view, even if they're more authentically Russian.
             | 
             | I don't think I understand what you mean by this.
        
           | smcameron wrote:
           | Interesting. I have long thought that "Crime and Punishment"
           | should have been called "The Idiot" due to the protagonist's
           | infuriating idiocy, (all he had to do was keep his mouth
           | shut), but now I wonder if the translation I read (which was
           | Constance Garnett, it turns out) was just terrible.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | Raskolnikov was literally going insane even before he said
             | anything of his crimes. I don't think everything would have
             | been fine for him if he just didn't talk to Porfiry
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
             | You didn't quite understand the protagonist's problem and
             | his motivation to commit crime.
        
               | geebee wrote:
               | I agree with you, thoroughly, but I don't think it's
               | entirely fair to write a one-liner like this. If you're
               | going to say this, you should write an explanation for
               | why.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | "Crime and Punishment" is such an important landmark in
               | world literature, that there are literally millions of
               | words written on this subject. Whatever my own
               | interpretation, I could hardly write something that would
               | meaningfully add to the existing works. However, I
               | thought it fitting to point out that Raskolnikov's real
               | motive wasn't raising some cash and getting away with it.
        
               | geebee wrote:
               | who in this thread claimed that Raskolinov's real motive
               | was "raising some cash and getting away with it"?
               | 
               | You can provide a sort summary of an argument you find
               | compelling regarding Raskolnikov's motivations without
               | adding about to the millions of words written on this
               | subject. You are also free to describe your own
               | interpretation without feeling obliged to add something
               | novel or useful to what's already out there.
               | 
               | Considering how much I agree with you that Raskolnikov
               | didn't "just need to keep his mouth shut" (a phrase that
               | did show up in this thread), I'm actually and sincerely
               | very interested in your interpretation.
        
             | andrewjl wrote:
             | I found it very illuminating to read Dostoyevsky's works
             | alongside Goethe's Faust when thinking about the
             | protagonist.
        
             | mmcdermott wrote:
             | Crime and Punishment doesn't tend to be what most Americans
             | would expect. The major plot points happen up front and the
             | remainder of the book is a philosophical exploration of,
             | well, crime and punishment. The fact that the protagonist
             | was free of the justice system but still tormented by what
             | he did was the whole point.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | If Dostoyevsky is a pleasure to read, you have a bad
           | translation. It is not a pleasure to read in Russian. His
           | language is rather difficult.
           | 
           | Source: I'm Russian and have read Dostoyevsky.
        
             | rkuska wrote:
             | The Brothers Karamazov is probably the only book I never
             | finished reading. I since have never tried to read anything
             | from Dostoyevsky and was wondering whether reading his book
             | in Slovak language (my native language which is relatively
             | close to Russian and as such should provide a better
             | translation) would help me (I bought english print at
             | airport). It eases my mind a bit knowing it is difficult
             | also in the language the book was written in.
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | _The Brothers Karamazov_ is one of the few books I 've
               | started but abandoned without finishing. Perhaps it was
               | related to the particular translation I had (I don't
               | remember details of it now), but it just wasn't working
               | for me.
               | 
               |  _Crime and Punishment_ , on the other hand, I found
               | utterly compelling, and will probably re-read some day
               | (which is a status few books achieve in my world).
        
             | guimplen wrote:
             | Sure, his prose requires a little bit longer attention span
             | than what is common today, but otherwise Karamazov brothers
             | was one of the most captivating and pleasant books I've
             | ever read. Source: I'm Russian and read Dostoevsky.
        
             | laserlight wrote:
             | Is it possible that he was a pleasure to read back in his
             | time? Translations have the benefit of using a more recent
             | language. Russian lacks that advantage.
        
             | jxcl wrote:
             | I haven't yet read Dostoyevsky, though I have read Chekhov
             | and Pushkin in translation. I'm speaking more generally
             | about Garnett's translations rather than a specific work.
             | I'm currently learning Russian, and I'm sure it'll be a
             | while before I can read Dostoyevsky in it's original form;
             | though I have read some Chekhov and he is an absolute
             | pleasure to read in Russian.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | Chekhov and Pushkin are extremely easy to read in
               | russian. Always straight on point, with few distractions,
               | rarely engaging in highbrow ornamental phrases. Good
               | choice when learning a language.
        
           | flicker-rate wrote:
           | Agreed. The best translation of this book is done by Oliver
           | Ready or Michael Katz-- I found these the translations the
           | most readable and enjoyable.
        
             | peapicker wrote:
             | My favorite translation is by Richard Pevear and Larissa
             | Volokhonsky - I prefer it to Katz anyway. I haven't
             | examined the Ready edition. (I ended up aquiring all of
             | Dostoevsky in Pevear/Volokhonsky translations, I like them
             | so much -- I understand other dislike their editions for a
             | number of reasons, tho)
             | 
             | I also really liked David McDuff's translation years ago.
             | 
             | Any of these are going to be miles better then Garnett,
             | though.
        
           | throwaway123x2 wrote:
           | Do you have an alternative you recommend?
        
           | borepop wrote:
           | Personally, I've always found the underlying structure of
           | Crime and Punishment extremely tedious, never mind how any
           | particular line or paragraph is translated. Obviously that
           | makes me a philistine, etc., but there is some classic
           | literature that I just find to be an utter slog, and that's
           | one of 'em. Proust is in the same category for me. I think
           | Dostoevsky's short fiction is wonderful.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | Personally, I really liked the translation by Pevear and
         | Volokhonsky. But it is also the only version I have read.
        
           | tfcata wrote:
           | There are seven in-print translations of Crime and Punishment
           | (and another six that are out-of-print). Which one is best
           | depends on who you ask, or what you're looking for. The
           | Garnett translation is itself considered a classic, and is in
           | the public domain. The trendy one is Pevear and Volokhonsky.
           | But there are other well-regarded versions to consider. This
           | page lists them all and has extracts and links to articles to
           | aid comparison.
           | https://welovetranslations.com/2020/04/25/whats-the-best-
           | tra...
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | That's an interesting article -- thanks for posting.
             | 
             | One thing that struck me: two of the translation samples
             | included the (correct/reasonable?) names for the street and
             | bridge ( _Stolyarnyi Lane_ , _Kokushkin Bridge_ ). The
             | others replaced the words with _S-----i Lane_ , and _K
             | ------n Bridge_ (or _S. Lane_ etc).
             | 
             | I think I understand the problem. Cyrillic alphabet doesn't
             | map to Latin alphabet, and there was no established
             | English-language translation for the names in question. The
             | two that attempted it even had slightly different
             | spellings, akin to the problem we see with many Arabic
             | names in English today.
             | 
             | This makes a big difference in readability, to me. The
             | setting is supposed to be foreign and a bit unfamiliar to
             | excultural readers, but _K-------n_ looks like an error, a
             | misprint, or an  "(unintelligible)" in a transcription.
             | That becomes part of the story, and it isn't intended as
             | such by the author.
             | 
             | For this and other reasons, my vote goes to Sidney Monas,
             | 1968. I'll add that note to my long and ever-growing TOREAD
             | list. :)
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | I think it is just the opposite, and I'm not sure how
               | much Dostoevsky thought about excultural readers. The
               | setting is supposed to be familiar, or at least feel
               | familiar, to many of the readers, to the point where
               | certain names are redacted to give the feeling that the
               | author is "protecting the innocent", or avoiding
               | accusations of libel, because you are actually reading a
               | true story and not something made out of whole cloth.
               | 
               | The first line of the original is (asterisks mine,
               | indicating where Dostoyevski intentionally did not write
               | the name of a street or bridge):
               | 
               | "V nachale iiulia, v chrezvychaino zharkoe vremia, pod
               | vecher, odin molodoi chelovek vyshel iz svoei kamorki,
               | kotoruiu nanimal ot zhil'tsov v **S -- **m pereulke, na
               | ulitsu i medlenno, kak by v nereshimosti, otpravilsia k
               | **K --** nu mostu."
               | 
               | In English:
               | 
               | "On an exceptionally hot evening early in July a young
               | man came out of the garret in which he lodged in S. Place
               | and walked slowly, as though in hesitation, towards K.
               | bridge."
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | I see. Well that changes things completely!
               | 
               | I assumed that the redactions were _not_ in the original,
               | and that the translators were avoiding complexity by
               | presenting the English-speaking audience with a digstible
               | form.
               | 
               | I guess I underestimated the translators, or the reading
               | public. Thanks for the correction.
               | 
               | PS: I did not mean that Dostoevsky _intended_ excultural
               | readers to feel unfamiliar, but that excultural readers
               | should expect (and maybe prefer) a certain amount of
               | unfamiliarity in foreign works. I thought the translators
               | were insulating their readers from it, which felt
               | inauthentic.
               | 
               | I'm even more bothered by the idea of the translators
               | "filling in the blanks" that were intentionally placed by
               | the author. Curious that both translators who did so,
               | used roughly the same names for each -- perhaps they are
               | the real names that we know the author was referencing?
               | Still, that's a bit presumptuous, I think.
        
           | orthoxerox wrote:
           | Their translation has been found to have many faults as well.
           | It's like the speech of Ahti from Control: a literal
           | translation of the source that adds "Russian character" to
           | everyone, obscuring actual differences between the
           | characters.
        
         | Nasrudith wrote:
         | If they are all referals to quality libre versions of public
         | domain books, we can certainly forgive the braggartry.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I was going to say the same thing. Giving me free stuff? Brag
           | all you want.
        
         | 2sk21 wrote:
         | This is a wonderful resource, thanks for posting.
        
         | m-p-3 wrote:
         | Standard Ebooks is such a great project, a big thank you to all
         | the volunteers.
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | Yeah you do. But this thread isn't about you. So, I find it
         | pretty irritating.
        
       | Grustaf wrote:
       | To pay off gambling debts?
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Indeed! and another novel at the same time:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17898248
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21152240
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | not going to delve into the mind of an author remotely- as a
       | reader of CaP it was really captivating (english translation). I
       | read it at a similar time as some classic existentialist novels
       | from Camus and Sarte. The language, the setting, the pace and
       | sometimes lack of pace are all notable and make the book worth
       | the time. What I do not see so far in these comments are an
       | engagement of the psychological conditions. There is no "answer"
       | so maybe part of why an analytics/math crowd is on unfamiliar
       | ground -- the ground of ambiguity, feelings of being lost, and
       | perhaps even mild delusion.
       | 
       | The development of a sense of "right and wrong" is not a sure
       | thing, even among intelligent, functional people. A sense of
       | "conscience" (pick your definition) even less so. Consider this
       | minute example - you walk into a garden and see a beautiful
       | butterfly, you admire it, it seems nice, then as you watch, it
       | flies into a spider's web, is caught and killed by the spider. Is
       | this a moral situation? very likely, not at all..
       | 
       | Next example, a sports team at your school when you are 15. You
       | do not play for that team, and do not care for the sport much.
       | The team plays another school, and there is group support, yells,
       | matching colors, perhaps name calling and villification of the
       | opposing team. Do you support your school, about something you do
       | not care about. What about the players on the other team - do you
       | direct insults or hostility towards these others that do nothing
       | to you personally? Is this a moral situation? How do you feel
       | about the people yelling so much, either side?
       | 
       | You are on your own in a city, and it is clear you need money to
       | pay bills. The people around you appear to be petty, flawed and
       | self-interested. You can quickly find contradictions, "white
       | lies" in their actions. Yet you must pay your bills to these
       | people personally, or face expulsion. Is this a moral sitation?
       | How do you feel about yourself when interacting with these
       | people? Your own sense of self may be compromised, injured..
       | actually everyone's is in some way .. or you may have a larger
       | kind of sight, to see the universal in the everyday, including
       | these people and their ways. That warps your reactions..
       | 
       | at any rate, there are many gray areas, and ambiguities, possible
       | in examples like this, and the sense of being lost, of confusion,
       | of wilting in the face of contradictions.. are embodied in the
       | tale. It has been a long time since I read that book, but a copy
       | is sitting about ten feet from me now. Maybe it is worth a look.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | In modern times a common reason would be to pay off alimony
       | payments.
        
       | ncfausti wrote:
       | Crime and Punishment is probably my favorite novel of all time.
       | Never before/since have I been so completely immersed in the mind
       | of character.
       | 
       | There were times while reading the rationalizations/thought
       | processes of the main character that I started to feel physically
       | nauseous and had to take a break.
       | 
       | If you are at all interested in psychology, sociology, history,
       | and/or philosophy, give it (or the audiobook) a go.
        
         | nestorD wrote:
         | The piece of art the gave me that feeling is the movie _Taxy
         | driver_.
         | 
         | A great, disturbingly accurate, representation of what happens
         | when loneliness starts to eat away at a person's mind.
        
         | mediaman wrote:
         | I enjoyed Crime and Punishment for similar reasons. Tolstoy was
         | masterful at engaging the reader in the mind of an unsteady
         | protagonist.
         | 
         | I just finished reading Crossroads, a new novel by Franzen.
         | There are some similarities you might like. No murder, but
         | Franzen has gotten quite good at inhabiting the mind of
         | unsteady, sometimes unwell characters.
        
           | trutannus wrote:
           | Another excellent book that injects you into an unstable
           | protagonist is Fyodor Dostoevsky's _Notes from Underground_.
           | Can be read in a day. Highly recommend. This was my first
           | intro to Russian lit.
        
           | nzmsv wrote:
           | You probably mean War and Peace. You are right, it is an
           | excellent book.
        
             | mediaman wrote:
             | Sorry, brain fart on Tolstoy/Dostoevsky. Though yes War and
             | Peace I really enjoyed as well. I don't fully agree with
             | him on his absolute takedown of the 'great man theory' in
             | W&P, but it's an incredible story.
        
               | nzmsv wrote:
               | I actually think he has a point with the great man
               | theory. What we call a great man is a carefully
               | engineered product and is the result of work of many
               | people. A Steve Jobs or a Napoleon is a head node of a
               | massive computing cluster. Is someone like that
               | necessary? Of course. Would they be powerful at all
               | without all the resources behind them? Not really. And
               | this is sort of what I took away from W&P: Napoleon was a
               | product of his time, and due to circumstances people
               | happened to connect themselves into this giant borg with
               | Napoleon at the helm.
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | I think I agree with you, but my reading of Tolstoy was
               | that his position was more absolutist: the Great Man
               | didn't matter at all, and someone else would be in his
               | place if he wasn't there and that person would make the
               | same decisions with the same results. His metaphor was a
               | herd of sheep that wandered randomly this way and that,
               | and that through the lens of history we look at whichever
               | sheep was at the leading edge of the direction the herd
               | was moving at the time as a "great leader," because the
               | rest of the sheep seemed to be following that sheep.
               | 
               | I do agree that we make a "Great Man" to be much more
               | than they are: that the achievements we ascribe to them
               | would be impossible without support, work, and desire by
               | a great number of people for the thing the leader wants
               | to do, and that this leader can't unilaterally
               | substantially change the course of history without
               | immense support.
               | 
               | Where I disagree is the idea that that person is
               | completely inconsequential; that a similar person would
               | rise just the same, given the circumstances of the time,
               | and that the results would be of no difference.
               | 
               | I'm open to the idea that Tolstoy was just taking an
               | absolutist approach as a method of rhetoric and that he
               | didn't actually believe that leaders have no consequence.
        
       | FabHK wrote:
       | > Drunken degenerates say limpid and beautiful things.
       | 
       | Such as drunkard Marmeladov (soon to be run over by a horse
       | carriage) in a tavern, to Raskalnikov: "May I venture, honoured
       | sir, to engage you in polite conversation? Forasmuch as, though
       | your exterior would not command respect, my experience admonishes
       | me that you are a man of education and not accustomed to
       | drinking. I have always respected education when in conjunction
       | with genuine sentiments, and I am besides a titular counsellor in
       | rank. Marmeladov--such is my name; titular counsellor. I make
       | bold to inquire--have you been in the service?"
        
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