[HN Gopher] Long Beach has temporarily suspended container stack...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Long Beach has temporarily suspended container stacking limitations
        
       Author : yblu
       Score  : 656 points
       Date   : 2021-10-23 18:57 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | ConcernedCoder wrote:
       | Roads, bridges, are already overwhelmed with traffic, and we have
       | 1/2 of congress preventing federal spending on infrastructure --
       | this will be the next bottleneck... I keep hearing about a 60,000
       | trucker shortage, but with us "long haul" trucker count @ around
       | 1/2 a million, that will only add another 10% capacity... from
       | what I've seen traveling the USA on interstates, 10% more trucks
       | would be INSANE overload... these same highways are saturated and
       | this doesn't even address the countless construction zones on all
       | of them... there's a whole lot more "problems" than containers
       | IMHO
        
         | jimmygrapes wrote:
         | Remember than the vast majority of the "infrastructure" bill is
         | for "social infrastructure" and that the lesser amount of
         | funding for the physical infrastructure is still subject to the
         | contracting, procurement, environmental, safety, and other
         | regulations at the federal, state, and local levels - all of
         | which needs to be navigated before any actual work begins. By
         | the time that is done, there won't be much left for materials
         | and labor.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | aakkaarr wrote:
       | Sounds like the best time to start your container-house building
       | company
        
       | micro_cam wrote:
       | Does this mean it is a cheap time to buy empty shipping
       | containers?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | No. Shipping container prices have risen threefold. The
         | transshipment companies who have to deal with the containers
         | piling up don't own the containers, and can't sell them to you.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | They should switch to a model where the slot the empty
           | container occupies is sold at auction.
           | 
           | I'd wager the difference between the current price of the
           | slot and the value of the container is less than I'd be
           | willing to pay for the container.
           | 
           | Alternatively, institute two simple rule: "No ship may leave
           | the port with fewer containers than it entered with." or even
           | "no non-full ship may leave the port".
           | 
           | If that leads to a shortage of movable empty containers (but
           | the port is still full of immovable empty containers), add a
           | second temporary rule: "any empty container stored at the
           | port for more than N days may be 'towed' (by a cargo ship of
           | the port's choosing) to some other port."
        
             | mastax wrote:
             | Containers increase the potential wind load on the ship,
             | which needs to be balanced by additional weight. Ships do
             | have ballast tanks, but you can't just load a ship up with
             | empty containers and send it off. If you want a full load
             | of containers, you need to put something in the containers.
        
           | foota wrote:
           | Could someone feasibly charge for storage of them offsite?
        
             | mdorazio wrote:
             | Yes, and they do. But remember this is in the middle of Los
             | Angeles where property is insanely expensive and ordinances
             | limit how high you can stack your containers. So in order
             | to make any kind of real dent you either need an
             | astronomical capital outlay or you need to get a bunch of
             | containers to emptier land outside the city (i.e. 40+ miles
             | away), and you need to do it without violating customer
             | contracts on where their stuff (goods or the containers
             | themselves) is stored.
        
               | foota wrote:
               | So like... is it just really hard for an outsider to come
               | in and arrange contracts to do this right now?
        
         | bart_spoon wrote:
         | On the contrary, they are insanely expensive right now. Too
         | many empty shipping containers in on particular area means too
         | few everywhere else that wants them. Shipping containers prices
         | have skyrocketed.
        
         | algorias wrote:
         | Just as a rule of thumb, a container is easily worth 10-20x
         | what it costs to ship it from the US to China (under normal
         | circumstances).
         | 
         | There's a reason they're reusable: these are quite sturdy boxes
         | built out of high quality materials (steel frame, corrugated
         | steel walls, thick hardwood floors), otherwise you couldn't
         | stack them 10 high with 28 tons of goods in each of them.
        
       | reilly3000 wrote:
       | There is a huge parking lot near the Queen Mary / Cruise Terminal
       | in my recollection. Perhaps that could be appropriated for a
       | time. It's far easier to relocate cars/shuttle passengers than to
       | move shipping containers a great distance.
        
       | thoughty wrote:
       | Out of curiosity, what started this supply chain and container
       | issue?
       | 
       | PS: I am not based in the US
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | COVID mostly. Disruptions in supply and demand caused
         | imbalances, and in places where there is not enough buffer
         | space to handle the imbalances (like container storage in
         | California) the buffers filled up and the whole thing stalled.
        
       | destitude wrote:
       | Why wasn't the federal government doing this? How hard would it
       | have been for the new "shipping czar" to have gone down there and
       | seen what at least one simple issue was and get it fixed?
        
         | richwater wrote:
         | People are waking up and realizing that government is pretty
         | useless for specific action. Our representatives would rather
         | pontificate about vague niceties.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | >People are waking up and realizing that government is pretty
           | useless for specific action.
           | 
           | Well, sure. The higher up you go, the less tactical (and more
           | strategic) you become. You wouldn't want your CTO to launch
           | code to production. You want her to make sure there is a plan
           | to utilize CICD practices- that the ICs implement.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | I mean, good leaders actually DO dig into the tactical
             | details if a massive bottleneck occurs. Because they're
             | often the only ones with the authority to solve it.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | This comes in cycles, there are many famous ceos who made
             | their name from rolling up their sleeves and working the
             | lines.
             | 
             | If you have too many strategic thinkers you lose the
             | ability to execute tactically, too many executors and you
             | start building well optimized versions of the wrong thing.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | I mean, you have to have law and order. That means laws.
           | Someone has to be able to take specific action regarding
           | those laws, and that means a government. We just have to
           | expect competency and responsiveness from the government.
           | There's no alternative (get rid of the government and a power
           | vacuum would develop and then be filled within seconds and
           | you'd have a new "government" with a warlord or whatever).
           | 
           | This story actually had a good ending so far as the
           | government actually responded about a day after the Flexport
           | CEO's Twitter thread. Sure, we wish the problem was solved
           | earlier, but this is a good thing and should be celebrated!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | coredog64 wrote:
         | One would think that a former McKinsey consultant would
         | understand constraint theory.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | Who does this refer to?
        
             | Upgrayyed_U wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg
        
         | gfosco wrote:
         | The guy in charge took a paternity leave for 2 months and no
         | one in the media even noticed.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | >The guy in charge took a paternity leave for 2 months and no
           | one in the media even noticed.
           | 
           | Don't worry, once people did notice, it did take long before
           | they started ridiculing him for spending time with his
           | family.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | Many people manage to spend time with their family _and_
             | respond to work emergencies. They don 't get paid as much
             | or as much media attention, tho. So they don't really
             | count.
        
             | hecatoncheires wrote:
             | It's more the abdication of critical gov't leadership
             | during a global shipping crisis that people are unhappy
             | with.
        
             | gfosco wrote:
             | I didn't get appointed by the President to a Secretary
             | position overseeing government resources.
             | 
             | I work at a tech company. I have responsibilities that I
             | actually care about, and they are important to me and many
             | others, so I could not possibly just disappear for 2
             | months. I can barely take a weekend off without feeling
             | guilty.
             | 
             | It's not about why he wasn't there... it's that he wasn't
             | there, for any reason. It shows that he doesn't care, and
             | the people who picked him and allowed that to happen, also
             | don't care.
        
             | geoduck14 wrote:
             | My comment seemed to be a little too subtle. Let me lay it
             | out:
             | 
             | Our willingness to shame this guy (and other guys, by
             | extension) for spending time with his family reflects our
             | willingness to shame women for taking the same time off.
             | 
             | Our acceptance that he should put work over his family
             | forces SOMEONE to put his family over THEIR work. In a
             | male-female marriage (yes, I know he is gay), this means
             | that men should work and women should stay at home. This
             | attitude contributes to the gender pay divide and
             | stereotypes that men shouldn't be great fathers.
             | 
             | It hurts our wives and our strength as husbands and
             | fathers.
        
         | ckall101 wrote:
         | The government prioritizes family over work (and the economy).
         | I believe the transport secretary is "chest feeding":
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/23/pete-b...
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Because US ports are run by private companies and not the
         | federal government. The "Port of Long Beach" run by the local
         | port authority is primarily a landlord. It's called capitalism.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | I think the Port of Virginia is run by the State of Virginia
           | and actually did pretty well. East Coast longshoreman unions
           | are less insane than those on the West Coast.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related:
       | 
       |  _Flexport CEO on how to fix the US supply chain crisis_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28957379 - Oct 2021 (225
       | comments)
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | * Own the bottleneck of your business.
       | 
       | * The most capital intensive process of your business should be
       | the bottleneck.
       | 
       | * When you find a bottleneck not of your making, overwhelm it.
        
         | yblu wrote:
         | > The most capital intensive process of your business should be
         | the bottleneck.
         | 
         | Can you explain what this means? You find the bottleneck, then
         | invest the most capital to improve it? Or whatever you're
         | investing the most is the bottleneck? Or something else?
        
       | krisoft wrote:
       | Cool. Now we have more space to store the empty containers
       | temporaly. Is this going to solve the problem or only save us a
       | few days?
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | It doesn't fix anything, but it creates buffer space that can
         | potentially be used to fix things that otherwise can't be fixed
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | Real-time 3D bufferbloat visualisation!
           | https://netduma.com/blog/beginners-guide-to-bufferbloat/ uses
           | traffic as the metaphor, but future articles will use
           | shipping containers.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | How is bufferbloat related to the situation at hand?
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Larger stacks is a larger buffer.
               | 
               | Just as the network can only have a relatively small
               | amount of traffic actually "in flight" but lots can be
               | stuck in buffers - so likewise only a relatively modest
               | amount of containers can be on ships in the ocean.
               | 
               | You need a buffer or every little inconsistency
               | reverberates and it gets out of hand, but bufferbloat
               | shows how _too much_ buffering makes things worse not
               | better. If your metrics say (and some trivial metrics do)
               | that the huge buffer is better, your actual _experience_
               | contradicts that as everything feels like you 're wading
               | through molasses.
               | 
               | I don't have any relevant expertise to judge what the
               | right metrics are for international shipping, but it
               | certainly raised my eyebrows that "Let's make the buffer
               | bigger" is seen as automatically a good idea.
               | 
               | Of course, a network buffer is very different from a
               | container port's stacks, maybe this genuinely is going to
               | make a huge difference. I think more likely it turns out
               | to make no real difference, but can be _portrayed_ as a
               | genius idea that just wasn 't embraced wholeheartedly
               | enough to be effective.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Mmmm. Doesn't necessarily hold as packets don't exist
               | sans payload. You'd have to add an extra layer on top of
               | the TCP logic to represent the logistical processes
               | involved with moving packets to be filled with payload
               | which are themselves not payload to places they are to be
               | filled.
               | 
               | In a way, it sets off more token ring-ish bells for me
               | for some reason.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | The metaphor is that a container is data.
               | 
               | "Bufferbloat is the undesirable latency that comes from a
               | router or other network equipment buffering too much
               | data. It is a huge drag on Internet performance created,
               | ironically, by previous attempts to make it work better.
               | The one-sentence summary is 'Bloated buffers lead to
               | network-crippling latency spikes.'".
               | 
               | Increasing buffer sizes (increasing the number of
               | containers stored) can have perverse effects that make
               | the situation worse - although it is obviously unclear
               | what the effects in this particular situation could be.
               | 
               | Hopefully the Flexport CEO has read the situation and
               | consequences correctly and his suggestion helps, although
               | chances are it won't help much. Alternatively it could
               | exacerbate the problem e.g. stacking more than two high
               | could slow down retrieval enough that it ends up being
               | net negative because truckers are deadlocked.
               | 
               | Destroying empty containers is one type of dropped
               | packet. Destroying or discarding container contents (e.g.
               | food gone off, end manufacturer gone out of business,
               | parts sourced elsewhere) is another kind of dropped
               | packet.
               | 
               | Quite a few comments here seem to imply this is some
               | obvious silver bullet to fix the problem, when clearly
               | the problem is far more complicated than that.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Hm, I think that analogy is too much of a stretch to
               | yield interesting results, to be honest.
               | 
               | I suspect that global supply chain actors follow very
               | different dynamics from naive TCP congestion control
               | implementations (i.e. additive increase, multiplicative
               | decrease), of which Bufferbloat is an emergent
               | phenomenon.
               | 
               | Also, the solution to bufferbloat isn't making the
               | buffers smaller again (there is no generic "correct"
               | buffer size as that depends on the end-to-end RTT, but
               | this can vary across flows at a given choke point). What
               | works is to either make buffers or the endpoints'
               | congestion control algorithms aware of the phenomenon.
        
               | hadlock wrote:
               | The thing is, we're trying to solve a 90 day problem,
               | where the packets have an 18 day round trip. And once an
               | empty container is parked in a parking lot (without the
               | trailer it's sitting on) you can just leave it there for
               | years with close to zero consequences.
               | 
               | The downside at this point is that all the retail items
               | for this holiday season won't be on shelves for
               | christmas, so the damage done to brick and mortar sales
               | industry has already been done
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | Your comment seems to imply that you know what the underlying
           | cause is that lead to this pile up in the first place. What
           | is it?
        
       | rcpt wrote:
       | surprised that the local busybodies responsible for the height
       | limit haven't shown up and decried the new stacks as "luxury
       | containers"
        
       | Kye wrote:
       | I hope those limitations didn't serve a vital safety purpose.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | Nope. Unless you consider having to look at shipping containers
         | to be a vital safety issue. From the City of Long Beach's
         | announcement [1]:
         | 
         | > _These provisions, which have been in effect for many years,
         | were established to address the visual impact to surrounding
         | areas of sites with excessive storage._
         | 
         | [1] https://longbeach.gov/press-releases/city-of-long-beach-
         | stat...
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | Since this is HackerNews, I thought Long Beach was a new up and
       | coming Docker alternative.
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | When a YC company's valuation is under assault, people will
       | mountains, er containers.
        
       | synaesthesisx wrote:
       | They should've used Kubernetes
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | "Do not stack more than N high"
        
       | aerosmile wrote:
       | Everyone's focused on Ryan's comments about stacking, and the
       | subsequent win there. Amazing job, Ryan, and thank you Robert
       | Garcia for being a man to take one on the chin (for this solution
       | not coming from your team) and for then doing the right thing. I
       | am seriously impressed by not seeing any NIH (not invented here)
       | behavior here.
       | 
       | But why stop there? Ryan suggested 5 courses of actions, and made
       | it clear that we need to act on all of them at the same time. So
       | far only the first of those 5 steps have been acted on. The rest
       | of the steps are likely either bad or the people needed to act on
       | them are doing that NIH bullshit (which I can understand to some
       | extent given how much negativity is being directed at Robert
       | Garcia). But negativity or not, if those are good suggestions, we
       | need to act on them. Would love to hear any thoughts on how to
       | mobilize support for quickly validating/invalidating those
       | suggestions, and then acting accordingly.
       | 
       | If it's possible to cancel brands and individuals, it should be
       | possible to do the same with politicians as well. I hope it
       | doesn't turn out that we care more about certain individuals'
       | views than the prevention of a nationwide and potentially even
       | global crisis [1].
       | 
       | [1] From Ryan's tweet:
       | 
       | > I can't stress enough how bad it is for the world economy if
       | the ports don't work. Every company selling physical goods bought
       | or sold internationally will fail. The circulatory system our
       | globalized economy depends has collapsed. And thanks to the
       | negative feedback loops involved, it's getting worse not better
       | every day that goes by..
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Does he mean negative feedback loops or positive feedback
         | loops? Getting worse every day sounds like positive feedback,
         | whereas negative feedback would keep things steady.
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | I'd recommend that he just say "feedback" and skip the
           | adjective.
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | He means a vicious cycle, which is technically a positive
           | feedback loop: The worse things get, the more they get worse.
           | Negative feedback means when the system is working properly,
           | an unexpected perturbation will cause the system to correct
           | itself automatically.
           | 
           | But since the general public thinks of positive as good and
           | negative as bad, he's using the word "negative" to describe a
           | bad situation. This kind of thing bugs me because I know
           | control theory, but it's really in the same category as "Is
           | Program X an X11 client or an X11 server?"
        
           | ThrustVectoring wrote:
           | People without a controls background typically mean "positive
           | feedback" at all times, regardless of what words they use.
        
           | whoopdedo wrote:
           | In a steady system the output energy scales based on the
           | input energy. When there is feedback, the output
           | adds/subtracts to the input, making it difficult to control
           | the output with your inputs. Positive feedback adds to the
           | input, making the output increase even as you attempt to
           | reduce the input energy. Negative feedback subtracts from the
           | input and forces you to increase your input energy to prevent
           | the output from diminishing.
           | 
           | Uncontrollable positive feedback explodes. Uncontrollable
           | negative feedback freezes.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Doesn't matter, real feedback loops are complex. ;-)
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | For those who didn't see the 5 points, I've copied them below
         | from here
         | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1451543776992845834
         | 
         | <snip>
         | 
         | 1) Executive order effective immediately over riding the zoning
         | rules in Long Beach and Los Angeles to allow truck yards to
         | store empty containers up to six high instead of the current
         | limit of 2. Make it temporary for ~120 days.
         | 
         | This will free up tens of thousands of chassis that right now
         | are just storing containers on wheels. Those chassis can
         | immediately be taken to the ports to haul away the containers
         | 
         | 2) Bring every container chassis owned by the national guard
         | and the military anywhere in the US to the ports and loan them
         | to the terminals for 180 days.
         | 
         | 3) Create a new temporary container yard at a large (need 500+
         | acres) piece of government land adjacent to an inland rail head
         | within 100 miles of the port complex.
         | 
         | 4) Force the railroads to haul all containers to this new site,
         | turn around and come back. No more 1500 mile train journeys to
         | Dallas. We're doing 100 mile shuttles, turning around and doing
         | it again. Truckers will go to this site to get containers
         | instead of the port.
         | 
         | 5) Bring in barges and small container ships and start hauling
         | containers out of long beach to other smaller ports that aren't
         | backed up.
         | 
         | This is not a comprehensive list. Please add to it. We don't
         | need to do the best ideas. We need to do ALL the ideas.
         | 
         | We must OVERWHELM THE BOTTLENECK and get these ports working
         | again. I can't stress enough how bad it is for the world
         | economy if the ports don't work. Every company selling physical
         | goods bought or sold internationally will fail.
         | 
         | </snip>
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | Make it a port rule that container ships must be fully loaded
           | with containers (full ones or empty ones) before leaving
           | port, or they will be banned.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Make it fun as we've already got the military involved in
             | step 2 - ships leaving without empties will be sunk.
        
           | eecc wrote:
           | Funny how free-market, small-government, deregulation,
           | rhetoric flies out of the window when own profit maximization
           | short-terminism falls apart and everyone starts invoking
           | centrally coordinated state intervention.
           | 
           | I wonder if some governmental bureau tasked with coordinating
           | this market hasn't been shuttered in the last couple years to
           | some lobbyist great success...
        
             | 5560675260 wrote:
             | But we don't live in a world of small governments and
             | deregulated free markets. Without a regulation on stacking
             | LA might not be at a point where any of those other
             | measures are needed. A funny thing would be limiting
             | yourself to approaches relevant in a system that doesn't
             | exist.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | Might, would... look, I don't want to come up with a True
               | Scotsman counter argument, but it does sound like one:
               | blaming this mess on the single one restriction that
               | seemed to exist.
               | 
               | Are we going to blame driving time restrictions next?
        
               | 5560675260 wrote:
               | Next I'd blame environment regulations that banned older
               | short-haul trucks from operating in the state, but that's
               | besides that point. The point being: there is no
               | contradiction between wanting smaller government and less
               | regulations and wanting a mess caused by heavy handed
               | regulations to be fixed by heavy handed mobilisation of
               | resources.
        
             | gm3dmo wrote:
             | Indeed:
             | 
             | 2) Bring every container chassis owned by the national
             | guard and the military anywhere in the US to the ports and
             | loan them to the terminals for 180 days.
             | 
             | Loan them sounds like they want them for free.
             | 
             | What's the plan for the military to move containers during
             | the 180 days if all their kit is loaned out?
        
             | maxharris wrote:
             | Wasn't this mess made by the government's regulations in
             | the first place?
        
             | IkmoIkmo wrote:
             | I agree with you, but this isn't necessarily the best
             | example. In this case, frankly part of this issue had to be
             | resolved by relaxing strict zoning laws that weren't
             | allowing space to be used in a way that the market demanded
             | (offloading empty chassis). Such a measure falls under
             | deregulation/free-market/small-government.
             | 
             | The other measures proposed (forcing railroads, national
             | guards etc) are of course of a different order, but it's
             | not clear they'd be necessary if the build-up of empty
             | chassis at the port (because offloading in the nearby area
             | wasn't allowed) never materialised into a massive
             | bottleneck, because zoning laws were deregulated.
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | Those 2-high zoning laws aren't new, are they?
               | 
               | Presumably the port would've architected its systems to
               | work within all sorts of constraints, come they from
               | physics, or business, or regulation. The fact that one of
               | them can easily be relaxed is immaterial to their failure
               | to account for it in the first place.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | Presumably, the regulation had reasoning. Likely
               | unsightfulness. But also likely danger.
               | 
               | Will the port's insurer cover damages when a 3 or 4 high
               | stack falls?
        
               | booleangate wrote:
               | Unsightliness maybe, but also California is no stranger
               | to earthquakes. Stacking up to 6 high sounds like a
               | deadly and expensive game of dominos.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | Sure, although most of the measures proposed are about a
               | massive mobilization subsidized by government.
               | 
               | One could also argue that it's still a brittle, overly
               | lean organization if a landscape regulation tipped it
               | into service disruption.
        
               | empthought wrote:
               | It was the international demand imbalance that tipped it
               | into service disruption; the landscape regulation just
               | set the conditions for the existing bottleneck.
        
         | twunde wrote:
         | The reason why the focus was on the first one is because that
         | was the easiest and fastest to do (You only need local
         | officials to sign off on it because its a temporary order and
         | its also the simplest). 2 and 3 need the federal government to
         | organize it, which as a large organization takes some time. 4
         | and 5 requires figuring out contract terms (who's paying whom,
         | etc). These are much more complex and therefore will take more
         | time. Oh and the tweetstorm was done on a Friday on the West
         | Coast, so it takes some time to get the attention of decision
         | makers on the east coast.
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | Also, isn't someone from the government supposed to be in
         | charge of this? Shouldn't they be out there finding out what's
         | happening?
         | 
         | It seems odd that no one has tried this, yet as someone who has
         | worked in a factory, I can easily believe that the absentee
         | managers have no idea what the hell actually goes on among the
         | workers.
         | 
         | You need to spend significant actual time, to the point of
         | working actual shifts, to get a clear picture of things
         | sometimes. People have weird and wrong notions of what
         | efficiencies matter sometimes, for example. Shaving a second
         | off an action repeated thousands of times daily matters,
         | shaving a minute off of a rare task that's not even done every
         | day matters far less in comparison.
        
           | Camillo wrote:
           | Let's not forget the media. Renting a boat and talking to
           | people at the port to see what's going on should be right up
           | an investigative journalist's alley. The Silicon Valley guy
           | is doing the job of not just one power center, but two.
        
             | Kye wrote:
             | Perhaps the fourth estate needs the microphones currently
             | stuck on a ship somewhere.
        
             | redis_mlc wrote:
             | The MSM largely is a coverup for the Biden administration,
             | so you're not going to see much in the way of investigative
             | journalism until after the 2022 mid-terms. :)
             | 
             | Proof of this is that Pelosi made a mistake recently and
             | publicly asked the MSM "to sell the budget bills."
             | 
             | Note that cnn.com is half-accurate since Sept. 1 because
             | the Afghanistan debacle and plunging ratings jarred them
             | into some factual reporting.
             | 
             | In the meantime, you can watch Fox and Sky Australia, and
             | NTD media (all on YT.)
        
           | AvocadoPanic wrote:
           | He's been on maternity leave.
        
           | aerosmile wrote:
           | I am sure you noticed that Ryan gently exposed those in
           | charge of not doing enough by repeating the ship captain's
           | comments that Ryan's team was the first to ask to get a tour
           | of the port from the ocean side. Granted, perhaps those in
           | charge have their own boats or are using helicopters, but the
           | lack of action does make me wonder.
        
             | labster wrote:
             | Ryan probably understands freight and logistics better than
             | the government decision-makers. Regulatory bodies don't
             | often think in terms of changing the laws, and have
             | narrower scopes. I bet the Long Beach zoning commission
             | never even realized that they could be causing the backup,
             | because the 2-high policy has worked fine for years.
             | 
             | In a democracy, we are the government. People who know how
             | to fix problems need to engage with their representatives,
             | not just hope they'll figure out freight logistics problems
             | because they have a law degree.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Funny enough this is supposed to be the good side for
               | lobbying. Politicians need input from people on the
               | ground in industry.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Temporary logistics czar. 1 year term, with the second half
           | being transition to normal.
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | I am no defender of government bureaucracy, but the fact we got
         | the stacking rules changed in 48 hours is pretty crazy. I
         | suspect more changes will come, but it may take some time. I'd
         | let it play out over 1-2 weeks and re-evaluate.
         | 
         | Can't believe I am giving government delays a pass here... but
         | I try not to look a gift horse in the mouth when we get near-
         | immediate action from people who aren't known for solving
         | problems with any sort of urgency.
         | 
         | EDIT: And I'm even a customer of Flexport!
        
           | cube00 wrote:
           | The pandemic has shown the bureaucracy can move quickly when
           | they want to. Although I'd argue the politicians share some
           | of the blame for slow legislation when they want to avoid
           | something. It's not always the behind the scenes bureaucrats
           | that are the bottle neck.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > I can't stress enough how bad it is for the world economy if
         | the ports don't work.
         | 
         | Not for the world economy, but for Chinese economy, as it's
         | what US companies make the most of their money.
         | 
         | What the current crisis shows the most is that just how close
         | the US economy coming to a sever crisis, from well.... just
         | missing the shipment of holiday toys from China.
         | 
         | If China can inadvertently _move US markets through just
         | messing up with shipping toys_ , imagine how bad a deliberate
         | economic sabotage action would be.
        
           | aerosmile wrote:
           | You're missing an important point here - if US customers
           | cannot get their Xmas gifts on time, they won't buy them
           | (nobody is going to order Xmas gifts if they will likely only
           | arrive in January of later). Facebook has about 5 million
           | advertisers, and a material percentage of them relies on the
           | Xmas season for their financials to work out on an annual
           | basis. Millions of US business have deposited 7+ figures each
           | in inventory deposits a few months ago, with the
           | understanding that they will convert those deposits into
           | profit by December at the latest. If that doesn't happen, how
           | many of them will get bank loans to get them out of this
           | mess? And how many people will lose their jobs with or
           | without those loans? We truly are talking about a Lehman
           | Brothers scale of a problem, and as Ryan pointed out, the
           | only way to fix this is to unblock the ports. So if you're
           | eventually going to have to do it, why not do it before
           | millions of companies go out of business as opposed to only
           | after that's happened?
           | 
           | So this is not just a matter of Chinese factories not being
           | able to sell their goods (in which case their government will
           | take care of them as they have done in the past). This is
           | about US e-commerce businesses who can only fall back on
           | their banks (and which are far more unpredictable in their
           | generosity).
           | 
           | Ryan's idea to mobilize the military resources would have
           | been a no-brainer and would have already happened in at least
           | two countries I have lived in before.
           | 
           | One final detail - this may seem like a recent issue, and
           | most of us only heard about the problem sometime in early
           | October. In reality, the industry press has been covering
           | this since at least March [1], when the backlog of cargo
           | ships at LAX started exceeding 20 (it's supposed to be well
           | below that). Now it's at over 70. So it's been 7 months with
           | practically no action until a week ago. I am a Democrat, but
           | this is not going to bode well for Biden.
           | 
           | [1] https://edisonreport.com/latest-update-on-the-global-
           | shippin...
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | > If that doesn't happen, how many of them will get bank
             | loans to get them out of this mess?
             | 
             | I think you have just affirmed what I have said.
             | 
             | USA is world's biggest, but an extremely fragile economy
             | which is full of businesspeople too used to bailouts from a
             | caring government. It's a bigger miracle it never seen
             | major crisises from "encounter with reality" before.
             | 
             | > We truly are talking about a Lehman Brothers scale of a
             | problem, and as Ryan pointed out, the only way to fix this
             | is to unblock the ports. So if you're eventually going to
             | have to do it, why not do it before millions of companies
             | go out of business as opposed to only after that's
             | happened?
             | 
             | I think it's essential in a capitalist market economy to
             | let the market forces to do their job, and for Lehmans to
             | pop from time to time. USA faces such a big crisis during
             | every new "Lehman Brothers moment" exactly because it never
             | lets its Lehmans fail.
             | 
             | Now, imagine China will embargo USA next time... Trade with
             | USA is just a few percent of China's GDP today.
             | 
             | I did intern in BestBuy 10 years ago, and I know what
             | insane portion of profit comes from around Xmass. I
             | honestly want the US to really fail here, and fail hard,
             | and have a Lehman moment again. It's vitally important for
             | the US to finally have such crisis to turn the ship around,
             | pun intended.
             | 
             | Or the next time, spoiled US kids will find out that there
             | are way worse things in life than missing their new iphone
             | 15 for christmas.
        
               | turbinerneiter wrote:
               | If you know there is a problem, why not fix it before the
               | crash happens?
               | 
               | If the US fails really hard here, many innocent people
               | will lose their jobs, homes and lives.
        
               | aerosmile wrote:
               | I don't disagree that the US made a huge mistake when it
               | outsourced its production (for all the reasons you
               | mentioned). But the solution is not to rip off the
               | bandaid and view millions of businesses as collateral
               | damage. You'll notice that the Chinese government is
               | great at playing a long game, eg: Taiwan. We need to do
               | the same.
               | 
               | The only way we can get better at long games is to
               | examine what's driving our current weakness in that area.
               | My guess is that it has to do with the dynamics of
               | presidential terms. To get re-elected, you have to
               | achieve something big in the first four years, and
               | anything big will piss off the other half of the country
               | and will make you lose the congressional elections at the
               | end of your second year. So the solution is to either do
               | something big that buys you favors with both political
               | parties (literally nothing comes to mind), or to get it
               | done in the first two years. China, in comparison, has
               | been plotting the takeover of Taiwan for decades, and is
               | very strategically, step by step, moving in that
               | direction. If this was the US, the only option would have
               | been a quick invasion or a start-stop effort every 4-8
               | years.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | This isn't just Xmas gifts, it's servers, routers, hard
               | drives, you name it, stuff that's vital for businesses.
               | We have long delays for much of our IT infrastructure at
               | my company due to this.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | Well, bad for you to place trust in these people!
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | I laugh at the idea that the US military might be engaged
             | domestically in helping Amazon and Ebay drop-shippers get
             | cheap chinese crap to 5 year olds who will play with it for
             | maybe a week before it breaks or they lose interest.
        
               | aerosmile wrote:
               | This comment explains all I needed to know about why so
               | few people in this country are taking this crisis
               | seriously. The understanding is that this is the Amazon
               | drop shippers who are whining, so why bother? There are
               | countless counter arguments provided by other commenters,
               | so I will just add this - the analogy with Lehman
               | Brothers is a gift that keeps on giving; when they
               | failed, there were also people saying "it's just the rich
               | folks who will lose their money."
               | 
               | So the idea that this is all about the drop shippers is
               | laughably wrong. But throwawayboise does bring up a point
               | that's worth discussing - what kind of crises are
               | "beneath" the role and purpose of the US military? Is
               | their role just to blow shit up, or is there an economic
               | and humanitarian angle there as well? For example, if an
               | earthquake took out an entire metropolitan area, would it
               | be beneath all those soldiers to dig for human remains,
               | or would they leave that to whatever the more appropriate
               | branch of public service that would be (even with the
               | understanding that joining forces would save more lives)?
               | I know that in the other two countries I've lived in this
               | would be a silly question - of course the military would
               | roll up their sleeves. In the US, I genuinely don't know.
               | The author of the above comment is obviously ignorant
               | when it comes to economic matters, but when it comes to
               | military matters, I wouldn't be surprised if his tone
               | resonated with many others.
               | 
               | FWIW, Ryan proves that not everyone in the US thinks like
               | that, and certainly all the people from the international
               | community I've met wouldn't agree with throwawayboise
               | either.
        
       | destitude wrote:
       | Would be nice to see a follow-up of exactly what this fixed. He
       | mentioned only 7 of 100 cranes were in operation, does that mean
       | more cranes will soon be able to operate because they have room
       | to put containers?
        
         | Jolter wrote:
         | Well, assuming enough truck terminals have stacking equipment
         | that can actually pile more than 2 high, it should free up some
         | more wheels to start pulling full containers out of the port.
         | But who knows? And it's hardly going to solve this problem by
         | itself.
        
       | honksillet wrote:
       | Build stuff here! I can't imagine how much fossil fuel is being
       | wasted in this process.
        
       | CodeWriter23 wrote:
       | @Animats said > A place that just stacks empty containers 2 high
       | probably only has large forklifts. The special equipment for high
       | stacking is far more expensive, and only bought if you need
       | it.[2]
       | 
       | Some facts:
       | 
       | 1) Container Height: 8'6". Add approx 4" for the lift slots on
       | the bottom.
       | 
       | 2) Forklift with 22' lift available from Sunbelt = 3 Container
       | Height / 50% increase in yard capacity
       | https://www.sunbeltrentals.com/equipment/detail/1044/0550320...
       | 
       | 3) Common "construction" type forklift with 39' lift from United
       | Rentals = 4 Container Height / 100% increase in yard capacity.
       | https://www.unitedrentals.com/marketplace/equipment/forklift...
       | 
       | And United has forklifts with even higher reach available.
        
         | Ichthypresbyter wrote:
         | Those don't look like they can lift a shipping container.
        
       | ilwu_member wrote:
       | I am a member of ILWU 13. A couple thoughts after reading the
       | comments:
       | 
       | The zoning change is for TEU storage outside the port. The port
       | itself was not subject to that rule.
       | 
       | The Port of Los Angeles is a landlord and is not directly
       | involved in operations.
       | 
       | Private companies, such as APM, EverPort, and others, rent
       | piers/berths and are responsible for the actual operations and
       | logistics.
       | 
       | Some speculation: recently I've heard of some ships not even
       | waiting to load empty TEU's as they normally would and instead
       | they are immediately leaving for China, literally empty. I
       | suspect this behavior is what turned the congestion we had before
       | into the quasi deadlock we have now.
        
         | anonymouse008 wrote:
         | Question: who is paying demurrage on these containers? Has that
         | practice been suspended?
        
         | aazaa wrote:
         | > ... recently I've heard of some ships not even waiting to
         | load empty TEU's as they normally would and instead they are
         | immediately leaving for China, literally empty.
         | 
         | If this is happening, what would be the consequences of
         | allowing even more TEUs to be stored on the US side?
        
           | Veliladon wrote:
           | Shit is going to take longer and be more expensive to come
           | from China because when there isn't a TEU available you have
           | to wait for one to be fabbed and pay for it.
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | Yeah but the ship operators don't pay for this so everyone
             | is optimized for personal profit not system efficiency
        
         | rossjudson wrote:
         | Seems like more of a tragedy of the commons, with each ship (A)
         | assuming it's fine to leave empty because some _other_ ship (B)
         | will grab the empty containers. That 's all well and good until
         | (A) comes back, and then it sits there waiting like everyone
         | else.
         | 
         | Going back empty works _once_. Or more times if you 're headed
         | to a different market, I suppose.
        
           | singularity2001 wrote:
           | I thought the price for containers had more than quadrupled.
           | How can leaving them behind be economic?
        
             | native_samples wrote:
             | I believe that's not the price for the physical box but
             | rather "a container's worth of shipping". Empty containers
             | are probably going up in price a lot now too - I don't
             | really see why Ryan thinks there needs to be military
             | intervention here. A shortage of empties in China and a
             | surplus in the USA will get resolved real quick by people
             | on the ground (=within the latencies afforded by the slow
             | speed of ships themselves) as there's money to be made
             | there.
        
         | schainks wrote:
         | Is someone paying for ships to do this or are they doing their
         | own calculations and realizing it's cheaper for them to leave
         | fast?
        
           | rdtwo wrote:
           | If a single extra trip is lucrative enough and at current
           | rates it's 5-10 regular prices that would make sense to forgo
           | loading in the us and just hurry home
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | For awhile that's beneficial to the shipper until all
             | containers are empty in LA and none exist in China to fill.
        
               | hansel_der wrote:
               | pretty sure chinese companies will be happy to produce
               | new containers for a small fee
        
           | anonymouse008 wrote:
           | This is the question that ties into mine -- if the economic
           | incentives have changed (i.e. there is no penalty for renters
           | of containers to not get containers back to their primary
           | shipper) then this is a perfectly reasonable response to the
           | change from Covid to today -- i.e. the new game is moving the
           | ship as fast as possible with no downtime. If the demurrage
           | is still incurred, then there's some other alternatives that
           | do not appear to be completely without nefarious intent.
        
           | antman wrote:
           | And what is the delay time if the ships decide to wait to
           | load containers for the return?
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | TEU, for people like me who don't know shipping lingo:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit
        
       | SimonVeith2021 wrote:
       | Good Night
       | https://neo.bet/de/Sportwetten?affiliateId=friends5-7412910#...
        
       | jussy wrote:
       | I'm not sure on the USA but I know that to clear such a logjam
       | will require a lot of workers who might be casual workers. What's
       | the expected impact on these workers?
        
       | asplake wrote:
       | And in the middle of all that, Theory of Constraints in a tweet:
       | 
       | "When you're designing an operation you must choose your
       | bottleneck. If the bottleneck appears somewhere that you didn't
       | choose it, you aren't running an operation. It's running you."
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1451543795045183490?s=2...
        
         | Kinrany wrote:
         | It's often said that ToC is a popularization of operations
         | management knowledge that already existed at the time. Is there
         | a better textbook that is more technical and not too dry?
        
           | chowndown wrote:
           | I studied industrial engineering and don't recall "ToC" being
           | covered outside of The Goal
        
         | orangesite wrote:
         | Eli would have loved that thread...
        
           | jes wrote:
           | Eli was a great man and mentor. I miss him almost every day.
        
       | csee wrote:
       | If true, it's extremely depressing that it required a viral post
       | on social media.
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | How is crisis management supposed to go? What would have been a
         | preferable source of this change?
        
           | csee wrote:
           | If it was a high leverage decision, you would have hoped one
           | of the officials appointed to fix the situation would have
           | already noticed and fixed it. So either they are completely
           | incompetent or the decision didn't matter much.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | > _one of the officials appointed to fix the situation_
             | 
             | Genuine question: Are there actual officials appointed to
             | fix the situation? If so, who are they?
        
               | jimmygrapes wrote:
               | At the highest level, Pete Buttigieg as the DOT
               | Secretary. Unfortunately his qualifications for the role
               | are... not great... https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-
               | transition-updates/2020/1...
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Buttigieg is broadly responsible for this sector on a
               | national federal level.
               | 
               | My question is if anyone is specifically working to solve
               | the current acute port clogging situation, ideally
               | someone who has authority to implement solutions.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Ideally, yes. But that assumes people are looking into the
             | right places at the right time, with the knowledge to
             | understand what they are looking at. That's a pretty tall
             | order for any large system.
        
               | csee wrote:
               | If the POTUS personally commits to resolving the issue,
               | it is concerning that an outsider can literally sail
               | through and identify a high leverage solution. Like what
               | the hell is going on with our institutions. There might
               | be an explanation but it looks really bad from the
               | outside.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Do you know who Ryan Peterson is? He's not an "outsider",
               | he is the CEO of a digital supply chain company. He's a
               | "foremost expert", to be sure.
        
               | csee wrote:
               | A large team under POTUS has been working on this for two
               | weeks and the Flexport CEO can sail through and come up
               | with this within 24 hours of doing that? That's
               | embarrassing and concerning.
               | 
               | EDIT yes he's not an outsider to the industry, I mean
               | he's an outsider to the group of officials who were
               | tasked with solving this problem.
        
               | quotemstr wrote:
               | Same thing happened with healthcare.gov, yes?
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | If you believe that A) you can't have literally everyone
               | in the industry on POTUS's team and B) private industry
               | often has some of the best expertise, I'm not sure I
               | understand why you would be upset about this outcome.
        
               | OnlineGladiator wrote:
               | He's upset that the government is (seemingly)
               | incompetent. Defending their incompetence does not change
               | the fact that they were incompetent as someone was so
               | easily able to propose a solution while we have little
               | reason to believe the government had a plan. It doesn't
               | matter if that someone is the world's foremost expert
               | (he's not, by the way) - what good is the government if
               | they can't solve problems they're in charge of fixing?
        
               | csee wrote:
               | I would be sympathetic to that if this fix was something
               | highly complicated or requiring significant expertise to
               | come up with. Then I could understand this oversight. And
               | perhaps that's the case here, and it's just my ignorance
               | speaking, but "relax stifling zoning restrictions to
               | immediately double capacity" doesn't seem like it fits
               | into that category of things.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Think of it like a designer giving you a design in 5
               | minutes. It wasn't the time it took to do the thing that
               | was important, it was the thousands of hours of training
               | that allowed the design to only take 5 minutes.
               | 
               | Ryan Peterson has been doing this for a long time at a
               | high level, it's _very_ hard to get someone like him into
               | civil service.
        
               | orhmeh09 wrote:
               | No, he isn't an expert, and people in logistics consider
               | him an outsider who is a CEO of a startup that makes
               | software that is helpful for a certain set of concerns
               | within supply chain management. Making software for an
               | industry does not make you a foremost expert.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | > Making software for an industry does not make you a
               | foremost expert.
               | 
               | I think it does, if your company is valued at 3.2
               | billion, does $830m in revenue, and has 10k+ customers
               | (as of 2019) [1]. You probably know what you're doing at
               | that point.
               | 
               | [1] https://getlatka.com/companies/flexport#:~:text=Flexp
               | ort%20h....
        
               | cowsandmilk wrote:
               | Is there any evidence this is a high leverage solution.
               | Right now, it is an idea being tried. We dont have the
               | results...
        
             | Misdicorl wrote:
             | > So either they are completely incompetent or the decision
             | didn't matter much.
             | 
             | Or the field always wins. Every year a large team of highly
             | paid professionals is responsible for selecting the best
             | professional sports prospects to join their team. The team
             | that goes first (almost) never gets the best player. Its
             | not because they're incompetent. And its not because the
             | decision doesn't matter- these are multi billion dollar
             | organizations, and the decision is very much a high
             | leverage one that will directly impact their fortunes.
             | 
             | Sometimes finding the best path is extremely difficult.
             | Sometimes even when someone does see the best path, its
             | still hard to recognize it as such. So I don't think its
             | surprising _at all_ for the best idea to come from outside
             | a team devoted to solving a problem. _Especially_ in today
             | 's age when more people than ever can propose solutions and
             | more people than ever can _see_ those proposals and bubble
             | up the ones that sound good to them.
        
               | slv77 wrote:
               | Or there are one or more groups with hidden agendas that
               | profit from the failure of the system.
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | At the very simplest, the CEO of a large shipping company
           | should have better contacts to suggest these things to than
           | posting them to the world on twitter and hoping the tweet
           | goes viral enough that somebody in charge notices.
           | 
           | Somebody in the mayor's office should have been getting in
           | contact with people at the major shipping companies, asking
           | for suggestions like this, rather than waiting until a
           | twitter thread got viral enough to embarass them into taking
           | action.
        
         | Factorium wrote:
         | I think 'we' (as in high-intelligence individual technical
         | people) need to be more vocal on social media. Look at the
         | effect that small vocal minorities have on politicians and the
         | media...
         | 
         | The problem is that technical people are usually too busy
         | working or raising a family to frequent those channels.
         | Unemployed or childless activists however have plenty of time
         | for their causes. The 'vocal minority'.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Or maybe it's a success of social media?
         | 
         | If we didn't have social media cutting across the usual lines
         | of communication, this problem may not have gotten fixed
         | because no one had both the right information and the ability
         | to act in it.
        
           | curiousgal wrote:
           | One could argue that if we didn't have social media there
           | wouldn't have been a supply chain crisis.
           | 
           | Not drawing a direct causality link, more of a butterfly
           | effect type.
        
           | rektide wrote:
           | indeed. society often has trouble reaching for good.
           | 
           | that these democratic open communication means allowed sense
           | to unjam & flow was awesome. an unstrucutred, unplanned,
           | unpredicted ability to grasp at success.
           | 
           | reciprocally, i do want to acknowledge that access is still
           | lolsided. if this was a random jie or nancy it would have
           | taken pretty extreme circumstances to get their accurate &
           | powerful suggestion raised & having an impact.
           | 
           | there's a lot of interesting examples in history of
           | suggestion boxes for governance. this one isnt perfect but it
           | still stands, to me, as an interesting positive example.
        
         | poorjohnmacafee wrote:
         | It is is depressing, that clear and obvious solutions were
         | missing at economy-critical supply chain infra.
         | 
         | Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by
         | stupidity.
         | 
         | But also it's 2021 where people are the most cynical we've ever
         | been, it's almost like there's interest groups in the US that
         | want a fanning of inflation or delayed recovery through
         | shortages.
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | What's clear and obvious about temporarily suspending rules
           | that were presumably in place for a reason? Seems more like a
           | non-obvius value call was made.
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | It's clear and obvious that in a crisis, one questions all
             | of the possible causes of the problems, and evaluates all
             | possible solutions available.
        
             | xyzzyz wrote:
             | The "reason" is that stacked containers spoil resident
             | views, just to put it in perspective.
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | > Never attribute to malice that which is adequately
           | explained by stupidity.
           | 
           | It could be both e.g. foreign actor using administration's
           | stupidity to probe country's weak points. It seems like the
           | US is probed from all angles.
        
             | poorjohnmacafee wrote:
             | Probing or partnering? The US is wide open for business,
             | and foreign actors certainly invest billions buying
             | influence in US politics.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | I can see why you might see it that way, but I'd very much
         | prefer an outside perspective being able to bubble up and
         | present a solution rather than ma alternatives. This is
         | certainly better than the way governments in the US usually try
         | to use consultants to find inefficiencies.
        
       | codezero wrote:
       | A little off topic, but these ports don't usually store so many
       | empty crates, so why do we have them now? Are we not exporting at
       | the same rate? Is that even what empty crates are used for? I'm
       | assuming they aren't sent back to (mostly?) China empty. I read
       | something about the prices to ship out of the US being very high,
       | but isn't the price coming in also similarly proportionally high,
       | yet we still have a backlog of ships waiting to unload.
        
         | skeletal88 wrote:
         | This is very bad for the rest of the world, and also for the
         | US, since all the empty containers are stacking up there, then
         | there aren't any empty containers available in China or
         | anywhere else for exporters, so even getting your hands on an
         | empty container can be very difficult or almost impossible, or
         | they cost 2-3x more than usually.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Our container price went from $1,500 to $10,000.
        
           | kmonsen wrote:
           | If that is true the rates for empty containers should
           | increase making it worthwhile for ships to bring them back
           | again?
        
             | kiklion wrote:
             | Elsewhere someone mentioned it's cheaper to build a new
             | container in China than to ship and empty one over from the
             | US. Even if you are already sending the boat.
             | 
             | This sort of implies that it's incredibly cheap to make the
             | container, and/or it's expensive to add that weight to the
             | ship, and/or our ports are incredibly slow at loading empty
             | containers onto ships.
        
               | wrycoder wrote:
               | Jack up the daily ground rate for empty containers until
               | the market solves the problem and clears them out.
               | 
               | Edit: e.g. chop them, pack the result into containers,
               | and ship it to Asia to use as raw materials for new
               | containers.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | Right it seems like if a ship leaves empty you might as
               | well flatten all the containers because they won't go
               | back anytime soon. The solution is to make the ship pay
               | for all that as a precondition to leaving empty
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | That would actually maybe be a good solution? If you
               | leave empty next time port fee is double or whatever.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | Is it possible China is subsidizing creating the new
               | containers exacerbating this problem?
        
               | jpgvm wrote:
               | Nope. China has the steel. China has cheaper labour.
               | China has more efficient logistics systems to move
               | container from place it's constructed to a port.
               | 
               | The answer to China being better at 99% of manufacturing
               | isn't subsidies, it's efficiencies.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | But this isn't manufacturing vs manufacturing. It's
               | putting an empty container on a ship that is already
               | going somewhere vs clawing tons of raw material out of
               | the Earth, processing the raw material, manufacturing a
               | container, transporting the container.
        
               | jpgvm wrote:
               | Sure but you asked if they are subsidizing them, the
               | answer is no. Is it cheaper than waiting to load empty
               | containers? It could be depending on the incentives, even
               | if those short-term incentives are damaging to long term
               | prospects you would be surprised how short-term most
               | businesses think. Biggest influencing factor I can think
               | of right now is that many importers/exporters are willing
               | to pay exorbitant fees to get product from China to the
               | US. This is specifically acute in areas/industries that
               | there are no other viable source, say for instance
               | LiFePO4 batteries. These are absolutely key to a huge
               | number of things happening in the world right now and are
               | outside of a few very isolated plants (CATL has one in
               | California) made entirely in China.
               | 
               | There are so many insane distortions happening because of
               | supply crunch that subsidies and trade nonsense are
               | actually starting to become irrelevant. (though I really
               | do hope USA sorts their shit out, their China policy is
               | fucking up the world for zero reason).
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | You've hinted at what I'm trying to understand. What
               | incentives are actually in place that are impacting this
               | behavior? My hypothesis was that the CCP decided it's
               | going to flood the world market with containers by
               | subsidizing them. Maybe that's not what is going on,
               | fine. But what specifically is happening? It sounds like
               | maybe you don't know either.
        
         | skzv wrote:
         | > Are we not exporting at the same rate?
         | 
         | Yes. To quote JP Morgan's recent article "Dude, where's my
         | stuff?"[0]:
         | 
         | > The surge in US import demand has led to a sharp rise in
         | eastbound freight rates (see charts for Shanghai->LA and
         | Shanghai->Rotterdam). However, westbound freight rates have not
         | risen nearly as much, leading to an odd and problematic
         | phenomenon: incentives for container owners to move them back
         | to China empty to accelerate receipt of eastbound freight
         | rates, instead of waiting for containers to be refilled to earn
         | westbound freight rates as well. This further exacerbates
         | supply chain issues, since US goods (i.e., grains) that were
         | supposed to depart US railcars and warehouses for export remain
         | in place, occupying space that US imported goods were destined
         | for.
         | 
         | [0] https://am.jpmorgan.com/us/en/asset-
         | management/institutional...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | That explains why we're sending them empty, but why are ports
           | clogged with them? Shouldn't it be pretty straightforward to
           | load them onto the next ship?
        
             | snypher wrote:
             | I think the next ship hasn't been unloaded yet.
        
         | algorias wrote:
         | It is completely standard in the shipping industry to have
         | lopsided routes, where one direction has 100% full containers,
         | and the return direction a much lower percentage, like 50%. The
         | shipping cost of different routes takes this into account.
        
           | Jolter wrote:
           | And hence the extreme explosion in shipping prices, I assume.
           | Anyone buying freight from China to LA now has to also pay
           | for returning the empty. What I've been told is the price for
           | shipping one container has increased 10-fold because of this.
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | Yes, it's cheaper to dump the container, and buy new one in
             | China.
             | 
             | Sounds absurd, but that's how it is.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Hmm. If anybody is sitting on an idea that needs used
               | shipping containers, now might be the time to pick some
               | up.
        
               | test6554 wrote:
               | This would make a great "have a heart" trap for large
               | animals.
        
               | 908087 wrote:
               | Might be a good time to build a shipping container home.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | Shipping containers are very useful for shipping and not
               | very useful for much else.
        
               | Jolter wrote:
               | I've seen businesses use them for stationary storage.
               | I've assumed they use discarded containers that can no
               | longer take the stress of freight. But yeah in general
               | you're right.
        
               | fy20 wrote:
               | I looked into using them for construction as I am
               | building a office / workshop, roughly the size of two
               | 20ft shipping containers. As much as it may be
               | glamourised on social media, it has a lot of limitations.
               | 
               | In my case it's actually cheaper and much more flexible
               | to build it as you would a traditional building. I live
               | 300 miles from the nearest port, so that doesn't help. I
               | also looked into the container sized temporary buildings
               | used on construction site, and they are made from scratch
               | (not from old shipping containers).
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | The demand became a lot more lopsided for several reasons:
         | 
         | * consumers were shifting spending from experiences that
         | would've been COVID impacted (holiday travel, entertainment
         | venues, restaurants) to online shopping
         | 
         | * industrial supply chains in Asia were the least impacted by
         | COVID due to the relative lack of explosion in cases there
         | compared to the rest of the world, so we are legitimately
         | shipping more from there and exporting less
         | 
         | * a good chunk of the medical equipment that has been
         | necessitated by COVID (e.g. masks) is made in Asia and that has
         | made demand even more lopsided
         | 
         | * there was a ship backlog because COVID impacted how ships
         | were getting unloaded, and at one point they weren't sending
         | back ships with empty containers to reduce turnaround times,
         | and now there are not enough containers in China and too many
         | in the US.
         | 
         | Wendover Productions video:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1JlYZQG3lI
        
           | codezero wrote:
           | Thanks a bunch, I think others have said it was the increased
           | demand and I didn't quite get it, or the scale of the
           | lopsidedness it caused, until the way you described it!
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Another poster said ships that would normally take empty
           | containers back to China are now just unloading and leaving
           | empty. If that's the case, it seems like it's trading short
           | term gain for a longer term problem. Make them take the
           | empties?
        
             | native_samples wrote:
             | Nobody has to "make" anyone do anything in that situation.
             | It's a classic supply/demand imbalance. Governments can't
             | do anything here - even just getting them to pay attention
             | to their own zoning rules required some random CEO in a
             | boat talking to local workers then posting on Twitter. They
             | aren't in a position to do anything better than the workers
             | themselves can do.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | > A little off topic, but these ports don't usually store so
         | many empty crates, so why do we have them now? Are we not
         | exporting at the same rate? Is that even what empty crates are
         | used for? I'm assuming they aren't sent back to (mostly?) China
         | empty.
         | 
         | My understanding is that the us doesn't send all that much back
         | to china, and that it was a problem for a while but wasn't the
         | bottleneck until recently.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | I'm surprised it isn't worth it at some level to send a boat
           | load (literally) of empty containers back? I know not every
           | ship will just do the round trip China<->LA but presumably at
           | least some number of them would.
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | It is worth it in the grand scheme of things but there
             | appears to be no mechanism to charge all the benefitting
             | parties. There is cost shifting going on that's creating
             | bottlenecks
        
             | jldugger wrote:
             | The same podcast included a story about an entrepeneur
             | _trying_ to ship empty containers but none of the shipping
             | lines would eliminate the part of the lading contract that
             | says they own the containers when you're done with it.
             | 
             | Anyways, right now the bottleneck isn't shipping containers
             | in China, that was an early pandemic logistics story.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Truckers are leaving containers all over Los Angeles.[1]
       | 
       | Allowing stacking over 2 high is only useful if you have the
       | equipment to stack over 2 high. A place that just stacks empty
       | containers 2 high probably only has large forklifts. The special
       | equipment for high stacking is far more expensive, and only
       | bought if you need it.[2]
       | 
       | A more useful proposal is a "peel pile".[3] This is a system
       | which assigns outgoing trucks an easily accessible container to
       | deliver, rather than a specific container that has to be
       | retrieved. There's an app for that. This is being implemented by
       | IMC, the largest marine drayage company in the US. They say
       | they're already up to 8 high stacks in the LA area. The higher
       | the stack, the longer the retrieval time.
       | 
       | "This keeps drivers moving and productive, even if they don't
       | know the exact load they're getting or the delivery location." So
       | it's really dumping the sorting problem on drivers. They have no
       | idea where they're going next. There has to be some way to
       | separate containers by approximate location to make this work, so
       | a driver knows how far they're going to be asked to take the
       | thing.
       | 
       | How well this all works depends on how well the software
       | organizing the stacking works.
       | 
       | [1] https://jalopnik.com/the-streets-of-los-angeles-are-
       | overflow...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.bison-jacks.com/why-bison/blog/how-to-lift-a-
       | shi...
       | 
       | [3] https://www.peelpile.com/
        
         | twic wrote:
         | What if they stood the containers up on end?
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Then you have the problem of picking it back up again. When
           | it's right-side-up, you can get under it. When it's on end,
           | you can't.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | The ends aren't flat and the containers aren't structurally
           | designed for that. You're putting twice the designed load for
           | the bottom of the container on an end that wasn't made to
           | support that. I'd imagine it would do a fair amount of
           | damage.
        
         | wbl wrote:
         | The driver has a cellphone no?
        
         | jasonhansel wrote:
         | Though efficient, this sounds incredibly stress-inducing for
         | drivers, since it makes them even less able to plan ahead and
         | know their future work schedule.
        
         | CalChris wrote:
         | > Allowing stacking over 2 high is only useful if you have the
         | equipment to stack over 2 high.
         | 
         | These are _empty_ containers that are getting unloaded and
         | stacked in order to free up the truck and its chassis for
         | another load. The equipment for doing that stacking /unstacking
         | is called an Empty Container Stacker [1]. These are different
         | from a Reach Stacker [2] which will have much less vertical
         | reach and are also different from Container Cranes [3].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.goldbell.my/material-handling-equipment/port-
         | han...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach_stacker
         | 
         | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_crane
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Okay, how many empty container stackers are there in LA
           | county?
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | 17.
             | 
             | and does 7,500 container moves a day usually, but not in
             | this environment, they are doing like 60% usual capacity.
             | 
             | https://www.presstelegram.com/2019/09/11/sale-of-long-
             | beach-...
             | 
             | How many cranes does the Port of Long Beach have? The
             | berths at the Port of Long Beach's Pier G International
             | Transportation Service terminal are equipped with 17 gantry
             | cranes. Of those cranes, six have outreach of 19 containers
             | across, seven have outreach of 16 containers across, and
             | four have outreach of 13 containers across.
        
             | CalChris wrote:
             | Plenty. That isn't actually the important question or
             | rather important problem. The storage yards are currently
             | stacked X x Y x 2 and now they need to be re-stacked into
             | something like X x (Y / 2) x 4 to free up space for more
             | empties but that re-stacking has to happen from the edges.
             | That will take a little time.
        
               | test6554 wrote:
               | A couple strategic gaps between the stacks could make
               | this process go much faster. The short-sighted lack of
               | these gaps could make things slow going.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | You only need a single lane free. You start on one side
               | of the yard, and stack it to 6, then work your way across
               | the yard building rows.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | > This is a system which assigns outgoing trucks an easily
         | accessible container to deliver, rather than a specific
         | container that has to be retrieved.
         | 
         | This is such an obvious thing. Do they really have people so
         | incompetent they didn't think of that? Wow
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | my understanding is that not all containers pay the same
           | (since they are different weights, have different
           | destinations, etc.) and so this mostly screws over the driver
           | who loses the ability to select the best offer.
        
             | SteveGerencser wrote:
             | Not only do containers not pay the same, but containers to
             | the same location often don't pay the same. So many
             | variables and often the driver is the one that ends up
             | getting screwed in the process. I completely understand why
             | so many simply refuse certain loads. And getting assigned a
             | load you know nothing about before it's on your truck is a
             | no go for most drivers.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | Isn't that a market failure?
               | 
               | I mean the rhetoric of free unregulated market is that
               | the "homo economicus" would use total information and
               | make fully conscious decisions.
               | 
               | Seems like some are withholding information to push other
               | actors to make bad deals, externalize losses and
               | generally speaking skirt from supply/demand dynamics.
        
               | SteveGerencser wrote:
               | No, it isn't. Most, or at least a very high percentage of
               | independent truckers bid for cargo runs. Your cargo needs
               | to get from point A to point B and weighs X amount and
               | needs pickup and delivery at certain times. Truckers bid
               | on the those routes and the the winning bidder gets the
               | route.
               | 
               | If you don't want a delivery you don't bid on it or you
               | set your bid high enough to make you want to take it. If
               | no one bids on a delivery then the shipper raises the
               | maximum they will pay and the process starts all over.
               | Delivery location or pickup location a horrible place?
               | Again, don't bid or bid high.
               | 
               | This is exactly the definition of a free market. Telling
               | an independent that they must take the next load
               | available without letting them decide if they even want
               | it is not. That's being an employee. And shipping
               | companies have spent years getting rid of their own
               | fleets and drivers to push the cost to the individual
               | drivers. And yes, there are a LOT of apps for this.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | There are truck driver shortages too. It's a crappy deal for
           | a truck driver to take a load which they don't know it's
           | risks/payout or how long of a drive they will be taking, what
           | they'll do at destination, or if they'll have a return trip.
           | 
           | Odds are you could offer truckers a special premium flat rate
           | to clear the blockage - but it wouldn't be sustainable.
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | They don't get paid if they are waiting too so it makes the
             | job even less lucrative
        
             | nrmitchi wrote:
             | This is literally the same argument for why
             | Uber/Lyft/Doordash drivers need to know the details of a
             | fare before accepting, but a couple of orders-of-magnitude
             | higher.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | The Twitter thread said that the crackdown on illegal
             | immigrants hit the California trucking industry hard since
             | so many companies were using undocumented drivers to cut
             | down on their costs.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | Ah well, I guess that's a nice opportunity to quote and
               | paraphrase the meme: if you can't make a profit while
               | paying a living wage, the problem is not with minimum
               | wage but with your business model.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Arguably this is more true in shipping than other
               | disciplines. There are great economies of scale in
               | shipping, and drivers/operators will be required
               | regardless of wage. importing goods from low-cost areas,
               | transporting goods with underpaid workers, and selling
               | them in minimum wage stores doesn't seem like a great
               | business model.
               | 
               | Do shoes need to cost $20 or do the workers need to be
               | paid $20/hr to afford $60 locally produced shoes?
        
             | prostoalex wrote:
             | California emission standards also disallow a decent
             | portion of truck fleets from operating in the state. Source
             | is an extended family member who owns a small trucking
             | company in Midwest.
        
         | wcarss wrote:
         | That's neat, but isn't this whole thing about stacking
         | restrictions on _empty_ containers?
         | 
         | My understanding of what the Flexport CEO said in their twitter
         | thread was that the best example of the problem is the haulage
         | company that's keeping its driver count * 3 empty containers
         | around on-chassis (which I think means on wheels), just sitting
         | in their parking lot, because they have nowhere to put their
         | empties, because they empty-storage is maxed out at the
         | 2-height capacity. All/most of the haulage company's chassis
         | are now tied up with empty containers, which prevents them from
         | being able to go pick up filled containers to ship, which stops
         | the full containers from getting picked, etc.
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | If they are getting paid per delivery, it seems they could
           | find a quarry or an unused airstrip to dump empties on for a
           | small price.
           | 
           | When Tesla needs space urgently, they put up a tent. When the
           | military needs to start a war they manage somehow to unload
           | their tanks.
           | 
           | Come on, USA, we still know how to do stuff...
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | All places I have done real estate development require
             | permits for putting containers on your land, and it is not
             | a quick process to get one. At the least, you usually have
             | to justify why you need the container space and for how
             | long.
             | 
             | And I cannot imagine a local zoning board wanting to go out
             | on a limb to do something novel like approving containers
             | just because a port is backed up.
        
               | lostapathy wrote:
               | As this is a short term problem and part of a national
               | crisis ... just stack them up, and get them removed in
               | the near future. Any place big enough to stack up enough
               | containers to matter (stadium parking lot, dead airport,
               | etc) isn't going to have neighbors that raise a huge
               | stink immediately, and the wheels of zoning disputes take
               | times.
               | 
               | Heck, budget the possible fines into your business plan
               | for holding the containers. Delivery firms already budget
               | for tickets from parking illegally to make deliveries.
               | This isn't so far removed from that.
        
               | jeffrallen wrote:
               | Exactly. Fix the problem, then ask for permission to do
               | so afterwards.
               | 
               | If you can honestly say, "we fixed the problem and didn't
               | hurt anything with our temporary fix" then the permission
               | people who come along afterwards to fine you are going to
               | have to think seriously about suspending the fine that
               | your solution drew. Don't do anything criminal, but
               | accrue a bit of civil liability: it will either be a cost
               | of business, or will be forgiven.
               | 
               | As for contracts: If I am obligated to return the
               | containers, but I dump them for a few weeks on a disused
               | airstrip, I'm still going to, eventually, fulfill my
               | contract, when the port allows me to.
               | 
               | No excuses. Fix problems, don't brainstorm reasons not to
               | fix then.
        
               | blip54321 wrote:
               | > And I cannot imagine a local zoning board wanting to go
               | out on a limb to do something novel like approving
               | containers just because a port is backed up.
               | 
               | I can, if they get paid for it. Rent should be reasonable
               | for short-term storage and unreasonable for long-term.
        
             | jpindar wrote:
             | They don't own the empties, and it's in their contracts to
             | return them.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jeffrallen wrote:
             | From a quick Google map look, I'd ask the National Guard to
             | take over runway 8R of LGB. That would still leave plenty
             | of runways there, including 8L, usable under the same wind
             | conditions.
             | 
             | There is also a huge amount of land at Palmdale airport,
             | 1h30 north of Long Beach.
             | 
             | A glut of empty containers is a stupid problem, but the
             | solution can be stupid easy, if we choose to make it so.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | Without a permit? In California? lol
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > That's neat, but isn't this whole thing about stacking
           | restrictions on empty containers?
           | 
           | It's stacking restrictions for empty containers in lots that
           | are not at the port, I believe.
           | 
           | > on-chassis (which I think means on wheels)
           | 
           | In container shipping, a chassis is basically a trailer that
           | accepts a container and can be pulled by a semi-truck or one
           | of the utility vehicles they've got at the port to move
           | things around.
           | 
           | If a chassis comes back with an empty container on it, and
           | the port isn't accepting empties, you've got to leave it
           | somewhere before you can grab one of the many containers
           | sitting at the dock that have goods waiting to be delivered.
           | If the dock yard is full of containers, they can't unload the
           | boats. If the can't unload the boats, they can't load
           | outgoing cargo including outgoing empties.
           | 
           | Stacking empties higher, especially away from the dock may
           | free up chassis that frees up dock space, etc, that gets
           | things moving and then the empties can come back. But, that
           | only works if the storage yards have the equipment to stack
           | higher; which probably they don't all have. The thread
           | mentions a limit on stacking empty containers, but the zoning
           | limitation is for stacking any containers, it's just that
           | outside of the yards at the port, you tend not to store full
           | containers. Once you get those on a chassis, you want to get
           | them delivered either to the final destination or a storage
           | yard at another port or a train depot, etc. Empties are a bit
           | different; you'd prefer to load filled containers most of the
           | time, so it makes sense to stack some empties from time to
           | time; also a trucking company may want to have some empties
           | to take to an exporter, etc.
           | 
           | Honestly, I had thought that both chassis and empties were
           | fungible, kind of like with rail wagons. You count what goes
           | where and if things are uneven over time, make some transfers
           | to bring it back, but otherwise no big deal. But the thread
           | says otherwise.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | For US railroads, railroad cars may seem to be fungible,
             | but someone owns each one and there's a settlements system
             | running behind the scenes. The Association of American
             | Railroads, via their Railinc subsidiary, is behind that,
             | and all railroads that interchange traffic are members.
             | There are standard rates.
             | 
             | How does that work for containers?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > How does that work for containers?
               | 
               | Apparently, it doesn't. I would have thought at least
               | some shipping lines would have gotten together to allow
               | for offsets and settlements and all that to ease
               | logistics. Maybe the lines don't want to coordinate or
               | enjoy the semi-lockin that returning a container to the
               | line's yard means it's most convenient to pick up an
               | outgoing container from that yard, or don't trust their
               | inventory with each other.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | btown wrote:
         | It sounds like these are complementary solutions, no? Some
         | yards have stacking equipment, some don't. It seems far more
         | reasonable to let them become "sinks" for containers, which
         | they'd gladly do and which would require nothing other than
         | removing red tape, rather than requiring adoption of a more
         | complex routing system.
        
         | polote wrote:
         | > Truckers are leaving containers all over Los Angeles.[1]
         | 
         | There are so many of them, that they couldn't find a picture of
         | one of them to illustrate the article
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | G/O media is particularly terrible with illustrations. They
           | once had an article abut the ISS with a picture of Mir as an
           | illustration.
           | 
           | I think they have a contract with a stock image provider, no
           | photographer, and no one to seek out and license original
           | pictures. Writer are probably asked to select an illustration
           | in their stock image library.
           | 
           | I think it is a disgrace to journalism. The front picture is,
           | with the title, the most important part of the article, do
           | some effort FFS, or don't put a picture at all.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | What is G/O media?
        
               | dangrossman wrote:
               | > G/O Media Inc. is an American media holding company
               | that runs Gizmodo, Kotaku, Jalopnik, Deadspin,
               | Lifehacker, Jezebel, The Root, The A.V. Club, The
               | Takeout, The Onion, and The Inventory
               | 
               | - Wikipedia
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | > G/O was formed in April 2019 when Great Hill Partners,
               | a private equity firm, purchased the websites from
               | Univision for $20.6 million.
               | 
               | Is it just me or is that a shockingly low amount for
               | those websites?
        
               | x0x0 wrote:
               | It is -- the sites sold for $135m in 2016 (out of the
               | gawker bankruptcy) to Univision. Gawker media group was
               | famously operationally well run and threw off lots of
               | cash.
               | 
               | After Great Hill bought them for $20m -- presumably with
               | a ton of debt, or something -- they then put an idiot
               | named Jim Spanfeller in charge. Jim managed to get the
               | entire staff of deadspin -- also a profitable, well run
               | site -- to quit en masse. Said staff later started
               | Defector and are running it as a coop, basically.
               | Defector has survived a full year running on subscription
               | fees and largely without advertising (or maybe entirely
               | without?).
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Online advertising nuked most media company revenues.
        
               | prostoalex wrote:
               | Over the past decade advertisers shifted spending onto
               | deep targeting (benefitting primarily FB and GOOG) and
               | re-targeting (benefitting any rando site with lots of
               | pageviews) away from interest-based publishers.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | That's the name of the company that publishes Jalopnik.
               | Scroll down to the bottom, "Copyright 2021 G/O Media
               | Inc".
        
             | mechanical_bear wrote:
             | You could have left it at the first five words.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | Couldn't large forklifts that have enough weight capacity to
         | lift one full container and enough height capacity to lift an
         | empty container on top of another simply pick up a stack of two
         | containers from the bottom at the same time and put the two on
         | top of a third, making a three-high stack?
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | the top one will fall off in the process, and most of the
           | forklifts aren't meant for that angle of leverage
        
         | maxk42 wrote:
         | > Allowing stacking over 2 high is only useful if you have the
         | equipment to stack over 2 high. A place that just stacks empty
         | containers 2 high probably only has large forklifts. The
         | special equipment for high stacking is far more expensive, and
         | only bought if you need it.
         | 
         | This begs the question: If container storage were the only
         | bottleneck, wouldn't operators merely lease space further
         | afield? There's plenty of space in Corona, San Bernardino, and
         | environs that wouldn't take more than a 30 minute commute each
         | way.
         | 
         | I can't help but feel like there are other confounding factors
         | at play.
        
         | gpspake wrote:
         | Sidenote... I think this might be the first time I've
         | personally heard "There's an app for that" to essentially
         | indicate "this is a solved problem" - even if in this case it
         | does kind of mean "software exists to solve this problem" in a
         | literal sense. We're only a decade or so out from when "there's
         | an app for that" represented this cool new novel idea that you
         | could install an app on your fancy new smartphone to do
         | something useful. Now it's trivial and commonplace but I could
         | see this slogan sticking around in our vernacular outside of
         | its original context kinda like the save icon. Neat.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | I wrote "there's an app for that" because IMC _does_ have an
           | app for that.[1] Also a web site.[2] Drivers need to be able
           | to talk to the container dispatching system.
           | 
           | That's a side issue, though. As the number of containers in
           | temporary storage increases, system throughput drops. So,
           | once you get into overload, you're stuck there until you
           | somehow reduce traffic or get more capacity. That seems to be
           | the current situation.
           | 
           | It's not just at the US end. Shipify reports about 200 ships
           | stuck waiting to get into Chinese ports.[3] (That article has
           | a good overview of the situation.) At the China end, there's
           | an empty shipping container _shortage_.
           | 
           | Back in July, US farmers were also complaining about an empty
           | shipping container shortage.[4] Ship lines wanted to load up
           | and get out, because the China->US rate is currently much,
           | much higher than the US->China rate. So loading up containers
           | at the US end apparently cost time and profits. The way
           | empties are handled is driven by a system of economic
           | incentives to not hold onto empties, and apparently that's
           | not working well enough to get containers back to someplace
           | useful. Someone has to pay to ship the containers back.
           | 
           | [1] https://apps.apple.com/us/app/imcs-mydriver/id1299727364
           | 
           | [2] https://www.imcsmartstacks.com/
           | 
           | [3] https://www.shiplilly.com/blog/container-ships-now-
           | piling-up...
           | 
           | [4] https://www.farmprogress.com/trade/shipping-container-
           | shorta...
        
         | potiuper wrote:
         | Most of the stacks are already at 6 high
         | https://www.tiktok.com/@stanimal18/video/7019310183545376006.
         | The automated storage & retrieval system cannot go higher. Peel
         | pile would be great if the empty containers did not have to be
         | taken to Dallas. It is questionable if this is a government
         | failure to zone empty buffer yards out in desert as there would
         | be even less of an incentive to return the empty containers;
         | changing the zoning at the secondary yards does not fix the
         | underlying incentive issue and should only be put in place once
         | the ratio of the rate at which new containers are being
         | received to the rate at which containers are leaving begins to
         | decline to accelerate the removal of the bottleneck. The
         | storage fee needs to be raised to a point at which it is
         | justifiable to move the empty containers out over processing
         | fully loaded containers until the storage bottleneck is
         | removed. Changing the zoning before figuring out the rate
         | problem almost surely will just make the bottleneck worse. It
         | would also be interesting to know if it would be feasible to
         | make the containers able to be disassembled and multi-packed
         | into an empty container.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Those 6 high stacks are the ones at the port. From the
           | thread, there are plenty of smaller secondary lots outside
           | the ports where empties are being stacked, because the ports
           | won't accept them, and there's room. The zoning based
           | stacking limit affects those secondary yards, but not the
           | port yards. A real question is if the secondary yards have
           | equipment to stack higher or if they can really only go two
           | high, because they were limited by zoning anyway.
           | 
           | > It would also be interesting to know if it would be
           | feasible to make the containers able to be disassembled and
           | multi-packed into an empty container.
           | 
           | Not really; everything's welded together, and if you unweld
           | and reweld, it's not going to be as strong. Plus that's a lot
           | of labor. There are some collapsible containers, but those
           | tend not to have sides or a top, which is not ideal for ocean
           | shipping.
        
             | potiuper wrote:
             | Each of the yards have unique constraints. Hopefully, the 2
             | to 4 increase is to be some sort of test such that the
             | ability to stack 6/9 high is still within reason given it
             | as the limit of the higher end stackers. Additionally,
             | these https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSn-dT4EMcM do not
             | require welding to transform; are quoted with the same
             | strength, a quarter of the original size, and 20% more
             | expensive in early 2017.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | Okay, but fancy collapsible containers does nothing to
               | solve the problem with all the containers piling up right
               | now. That's a longer term solution at best.
        
               | rdeboo wrote:
               | It's definitely a long term thing. Some guys from my
               | university founded a company around foldable containers
               | in 2008 (https://4foldcontainers.com/). It's still not
               | common.
        
           | Jolter wrote:
           | The way I read the linked article, the idea is to use peel
           | piles for drayage only. That is, for goods that is due for
           | shorter trips within the same urban area, not for long-haul
           | freight. I think it seems like a part of the solution by
           | virtue of having some potential for lowering drivers' waiting
           | time and maximizing the speed of emptying out a fully stacked
           | terminal.
        
       | orangepurple wrote:
       | Why are these blocked ships not diverting to other US ports? We
       | have plenty!
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Generally speaking, it's not allowed. The supply chain has a
         | very long tail and there are all kinds of steps and contracts
         | that are based on the destination specified when goods are
         | first loaded on a ship. Unloading at a completely different
         | port far away would be a nightmare. As for why ships aren't
         | utilizing other ports more, see [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-container-ships-cant-
         | sail-a...
        
       | e12e wrote:
       | > Also containers are not fungible between carriers, so the
       | truckers have to drop their empty off at the right terminal. This
       | is causing empty containers to pile up.
       | 
       | What does this mean? The individual containers are owned by
       | carriers?
       | 
       | Could this be allieveted also by agreements between carriers (or
       | a merger)?
       | 
       | Or is there some other reason containers are "sticky" to
       | carriers?
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | If problem is too many empty containers. Wouldn't actually
       | subsidising shipping them off make sense? That is make it
       | worthwhile for ships to load them on.
        
       | adam_arthur wrote:
       | Something to recognize.
       | 
       | Logistics can be somewhat thought of as a flow problem.
       | 
       | If demand far exceeds supply, and both supply and demand stay
       | constant, the backlog will continue to get worse in severity over
       | time.
       | 
       | For the problem to get better, either demand has to decline, or
       | supply has to increase. However, the ability to expand supply
       | seems limited in the short term. E.g. how long does it take to
       | improve port throughput, or build new container ships?
       | 
       | Translating to the real world, think every ship stuck at the port
       | removes another ship/containers from being able to pick up new
       | goods which creates a self reinforcing problem.
       | 
       | Or thought another way, if the port can only unload 10,000
       | containers a day, and 20,000 containers a day are showing up, the
       | number of backlogged containers will increase linearly with time.
       | 
       | Just yesterday we hit a record number of ships backlogged at the
       | CA port, so I suspect this is exactly the situation we're in.
       | 
       | The free market will eventually solve by either supply throughput
       | breakthroughs, or prices continuing to rise until demand
       | destruction kicks in.
       | 
       | I want to lay a few stats out here. Retail sales has been ~20%
       | elevated from 2019 levels since the pandemic started, primarily
       | due to government benefits/stimulus checks.
       | 
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RSXFS
       | 
       | Some is due to spending habits changing, but that's likely a
       | smaller portion.
       | 
       | Check real personal income over the course of the pandemic.
       | 
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RPI
       | 
       | Enhanced UI has ended, but it seems consumers are relying on
       | credit now to maintain the same level of spending. It's not clear
       | how long this will last, but it could be months, judging by the
       | consumer loan data here.
       | 
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CONSUMER
       | 
       | Note that many consumers paid off debts with the stimulus, is why
       | this chart dips at the end. But we're quickly climbing back.
       | Given lower interest rates, it's likely this can persist a few
       | more months at current trend.
       | 
       | I suspect this will end organically whenever consumer credit is
       | maxed out, and demand falls. But at the same time, wages are
       | increasing fairly rapidly now... Is it possible higher wages can
       | continue to support this new level of demand?
       | 
       | Probably in part, but not entirely.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Super-hyper-inflation is said to be coming by Jack Dorsey.
         | 
         | Alex Jones was quoted as saying that he knows "high up elites"
         | who told him war is coming ~February (don't kill me I am just
         | quoting what he just said this week.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | So, with this backlog, inflation, war... and china's
         | shenanigans all around...
         | 
         | I am pessimistic on the next 8 months.
        
           | beebmam wrote:
           | Alex Jones, thank you for that insight, I'm sure it's not a
           | lie
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | Im sure it is... I was just saying all three of these bad
             | omens will make for a very bad time...
        
         | ec109685 wrote:
         | You can't flat out say the rise in retail sales is due to
         | stimulus. There are a lot of disruptions over the last year
         | that have shifted spend from things like dining out and travel.
        
           | adam_arthur wrote:
           | This chart tells you most of what you need to know.
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RPI
           | 
           | This shows the insane increase in personal income over the
           | course of the pandemic.
           | 
           | Many made more money on enhanced UI benefits than in their
           | line of work. This is a known fact.
           | 
           | People in this situation have more propensity to spend the
           | marginal dollar than higher income earners. Spending as a
           | percentage of income inversely trends with level of income.
           | 
           | It's true that some percentage of retail spending is spending
           | shifted from other categories, but given personal income
           | data, I doubt that's the primary cause.
           | 
           | Also keep in mind, there was mortgage forbearance, rent
           | forgiveness, and student loan moratorium (which is still
           | ongoing I believe).
           | 
           | Those factors don't show up in income, but will shift
           | expenses from loan interest to goods most likely.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I do know something else not specified by the chart.
             | 
             | Everyone's been stuck at home and purchasing consumer items
             | that would usually be bought in bulk and supplied by
             | employers, restaurants, etc.
             | 
             | Claiming it's government spending as the cause and not
             | covid as the cause seems silly
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | The ability to spend is constrained by aggregate income
               | and available credit in society.
               | 
               | Shifts in spending from services to goods can only alter
               | consumption patterns so much.
               | 
               | Here is the Fed data on services spending:
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCESV
               | 
               | As you can see, services spending is equivalent to 2019
               | levels today, while goods spending is 20% higher.
               | 
               | Consider the level of fiscal stimulus, monetary stimulus
               | through lower rates (cheaper credit), and expense
               | reduction (moratoriums, forbearance).
               | 
               | The sheer magnitude of demand stimulation is frankly
               | obvious, even without digging into the data. Of course,
               | the data backs up this theory as well.
               | 
               | Saying it's "covid" isn't saying anything at all. You
               | have to quantify what you're suggesting. What is the
               | mechanism that can explain persistently higher goods
               | spending? The data doesn't bear out substitution as the
               | primary mechanism, either way.
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | There's a backlog of savings from limited service
               | spending that is being worked through right now.
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Do you disagree that aggregate personal income was
               | massively enhanced through stimulus spending? The facts
               | show this.
               | 
               | You seem very intent on not considering that fact when
               | it's the most obvious factor by a wide margin, with all
               | of the data supporting it.
               | 
               | Are you aware of the size of federal deficit spending in
               | 2020/2021? The level of monetary policy easing leading to
               | more credit availability to consumers?
               | 
               | It's intellectually dishonest to attribute elevated
               | retail sales solely, or even primarily to the
               | substitution effect
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | You can see here that the trend line for imports is
               | consistent for the past 4 years:
               | https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/imports
               | 
               | So you could say that it's the deficit (e.g. the big tax
               | cut from 4 years ago) that precipitated to this.
               | 
               | My point is that "stimulus equals problems at the ports"
               | is likely an overly simplistic answer.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | How much upshifting in jobs has occurred?
             | 
             | Before the pandemic we talked about unfilled jobs looking
             | for computer programmers and other higher paid positions.
             | How many people moved from 'social' jobs to ones that
             | required more skills but pay more?
        
               | Jolter wrote:
               | You mean all those underemployed software engineers and
               | all the trained programmers forced to wait tables because
               | they couldn't get a programming job?
               | 
               | That is not how I remember the world in 2019.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | You took that the wrong way. Software engineers moved up.
               | I've gotten 2 promotions since the pandemic started. I'm
               | talking about people shifting industries in to ones that
               | have been short staffed, like programming, and leaving
               | the crap jobs behind.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | Stimulus is a small part. The 6 Trillion dollar deficit
           | spending over the last two years increases disposable income
           | whether it consists of checks being mailed out to households
           | or Pfizer or Boeing. It ends up in people's pockets and is
           | not matched by a corresponding increase in taxes.
           | 
           | https://datalab.usaspending.gov/americas-finance-
           | guide/defic...
        
       | eecc wrote:
       | Seems like all these tweets are about emptying ports so they -
       | and the author's startup - can go back to their business.
       | 
       | The rest of the systems' profits and sustainability seem to be
       | secondary.
       | 
       | Perhaps it might make sense to ponder if this super-lean truck-
       | centric infrastructure wasn't running too close to its breaking
       | point?
       | 
       | Might be a good idea for big-gov to lend a hand but also impose
       | some top-down decisions like: long term you will be rebasing your
       | logistics onto a railroad based backbone.
       | 
       | There, and you've magically created a couple thousands well
       | paying jobs in infrastructure build and maintenance...
       | 
       | Also call some operations researcher to copypaste a couple tiered
       | caching algorithms onto this mess.
        
         | antoinebalaine wrote:
         | This. This right here is the voice of common sense. With fossil
         | fuel-supply contracting in the coming decades and over-spread
         | cities' infrastructures being impossible to navigate without
         | transportation, the US will have no choice but to turn to rail.
         | It's just a matter of "when", not "if".
        
           | noirbot wrote:
           | Isn't the problem with rail that it's nearly impossible to
           | build new rail lines? Especially in a way that isn't
           | destructive to the environment? I'm all for rail in general,
           | but it feels like the same environmentalist push that wants
           | to get away from trucks is also the force that's going to
           | block putting fairly environmentally damaging train lines all
           | over the American west.
        
             | eecc wrote:
             | Yeah, you won't get animals randomly wandering on the
             | tracks if you lay them over concrete bridge structures,
             | costs a tad more also in terms of concrete production
             | emissions but you can offset that by running the trains on
             | renewables throughout their lifetime
        
               | noirbot wrote:
               | Sure - there's answers to a lot of it, but you're still
               | talking about having to acquire a ton of land that's
               | likely in the middle of nowhere and putting in a big
               | construction project. It's not too dissimilar to the sort
               | of work that's required, and the risks associated with,
               | adding new oil pipelines, and those have been a complete
               | mess of corruption and environmental and land-rights
               | protests.
        
       | m0zg wrote:
       | Why has this obvious solution taken 3 months and a boat tour from
       | a startup CEO to implement? Do not elect incompetent mouth
       | breathers into local governments, folks. When such people run
       | unopposed (or when all the alternatives suck about as hard) I
       | write in Mickey Mouse. If this was a trend, Mickey would hold
       | most of the elected offices in this country.
        
       | itsthecourier wrote:
       | oh god thank you
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | I love how these commenters think they know something about
       | shipping that the CEO of Flexport doesn't (I'm referring to the
       | person you replied to, BTW).
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | True. But let's also note that being CEO of a company in the
         | industry doesn't automatically make you right, nor does it mean
         | that when you speak to a reporter or send out a tweet thread
         | like this you don't have some sort of agenda. There's almost
         | always an agenda. Maybe that agenda is honest and in line with
         | public interest, maybe it isn't. And twitter is less reliable
         | than a news story, because usually reporters seek more than one
         | source and try to verify what they can, how they can. They're
         | by no means perfect, but this dude can write whatever he wants.
         | 
         | I suspect that this measure just delays the inevitable. I'm
         | also wondering why the limit of 2-high stacks exists (I'm
         | guessing safety related in event of an earthquake?)
         | 
         | He has a lot of ideas in his other tweet thread, but I noticed
         | that in his long list of ideas nowhere to be found was "offer
         | better pay and working conditions for truckers."
         | 
         | The core issue is not too many containers. It's not enough
         | truckers picking up the new containers, so there's no room for
         | the old ones. And because the ships can't be unloaded, nobody
         | can take the containers back to other ports.
         | 
         | It doesn't help that the full-in-union longshoremen (not the
         | part-timer union guys) get way, way over $100k a year, some of
         | them making $300k...and with zero requirements to meet any sort
         | of metrics. They shouldn't be incentivized to where safety is
         | compromised, but surely there is a balance. Right now they have
         | zero incentive to do anything about the problem. The port sits
         | doing nothing...and they sit too, getting paid.
        
           | IanCal wrote:
           | > The core issue is not too many containers. It's not enough
           | truckers picking up the new containers,
           | 
           | This doesn't make sense to me unless the truckers are
           | currently extremely busy. And if they are, why is there _now_
           | a problem? Are there suddenly far fewer truckers?
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | Trucking is not an easy job. The working conditions are
             | poor, you have to pay a fair amount of any benefits out of
             | pocket, and like most "gig" economy stuff the logistics
             | companies are driving a relentless rate towards the bottom.
             | 
             | According to the American Trucking Association, turnover
             | rates for drivers have been at about 90% for a decade. http
             | s://www.npr.org/sections/money/2021/05/25/999784202/is-t...
             | 
             | I would assume that the tight job market is making things
             | worse.
        
             | native_samples wrote:
             | It's a knock-on effect from lockdowns. Governments got it
             | in their heads that they could partition the economy into
             | "essential" and "non-essential" and could make massive
             | interventions without any side effects. So everyone has to
             | work from home, not go to restaurants anymore, port rules
             | are constantly changing in ways that screw over shipping
             | firms, the economy tanks, everything including logistics is
             | thrown into chaos. Meanwhile people who are ideologically
             | blind to the costs of government intervention sit around
             | and say "why now?! what's happened to cause this?",
             | ignoring the ocean-sized elephant in the room.
             | 
             | https://boriquagato.substack.com/p/cave-man-capitalism
        
         | bb88 wrote:
         | The best HN commenters seem to speak only when it concerns
         | their expertise, or do so after fully understanding the issues
         | at play.
        
           | deadmutex wrote:
           | Unfortunately, many comments are not from "best HN
           | commenters", so signal/noise ratio perhaps lower than
           | expected.
        
         | _3u10 wrote:
         | How do you think the CEO of flexport became CEO?
        
           | spicybright wrote:
           | By simply saying they're an expert at shipping on hacker news
           | comments, obviously.
        
         | hbworn77 wrote:
         | Most of them are usually the top comment on a thread like this,
         | too, because there are a large number of people who consider
         | them authoritative (or like what they say, or dogpile, or who
         | knows). When it's my industry being discussed here, I can
         | usually predict who will be in the top spot (it's only a few),
         | and how wrong they'll be. It's a real problem but it's also the
         | immediate amnesia thing whoever-that-was talked about.
         | 
         | For the record that is one common prediction up there, in my
         | experience, but I'm trying not to make it personal. There is
         | very often a sense of reciting recent research into whatever
         | the hot topic is, and little depth or mastery of any of those
         | topics. But they score well, so here we are debating what is
         | said instead of what is substantive.
        
           | rdtwo wrote:
           | If you have subject mastery often you aren't allowed to talk
           | it because you might get fired or make your company look bad
        
             | catlikesshrimp wrote:
             | This
        
           | amcoastal wrote:
           | Its a comment on hackernews. Reciting recent research on a
           | topic is a top tier internet comment. You can't really expect
           | much more nowadays.
        
           | variaga wrote:
           | The immediate amnesia thing:
           | https://www.epsilontheory.com/gell-mann-amnesia/
        
           | nuerow wrote:
           | > _But they score well, so here we are debating what is said
           | instead of what is substantive._
           | 
           | Blanket dismissals of everything any commenter mentions
           | without providing any basis or reason or counterpoint besides
           | empty appeals to authority is no way to conduct a discussion.
           | In fact, doesn't your criticism also applies to you and your
           | dismissal of everyone else's comments?
           | 
           | But taking your criticism at face value, the only way that
           | the scenario you've depicted becomes possible is if those in
           | the know do not step in to point out misconceptions and clear
           | up doubts. Nevertheless, even so experience does not grant
           | omniscience or infallibility, not to mention that the expert
           | beginner problem is also a thing. In that case, an inability
           | to refute points or offer counter-evidence, accompanied by
           | this need to fallback to various types of appeals to
           | authority and seniority, might actually indicate a
           | discrepancy between actual and perceived competence and
           | insightfulness.
           | 
           | The point is that if you happen to believe some posts are not
           | right or fail to take into account critical aspects, why not
           | call it out? I mea, you're already taking your time to write
           | relatively lengthy posts complaining and vaguely casting
           | doubts on how fellow posters are contributing. If you have
           | the means and opportunity to right what you believe are
           | wrong, why aren't you doing so and instead opt to waste your
           | time posting messages that aren't constructive or contribute
           | positively to a discussion?
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | > but it's also the immediate amnesia thing whoever-that-was
           | talked about.
           | 
           | That gave me a chuckle.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't sneer, including at the rest of the
         | community._" It's a particularly low-quality, low-information
         | sort of post, which reliably leads to worse subthreads, which
         | is why we added that guideline.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | (We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28972094.)
         | 
         | p.s. Animats is a great HN commenter who knows a lot about a
         | lot of stuff (not everything, of course). I don't know how much
         | he knows about shipping but if you know more, a much better way
         | to contribute to HN would be to share some of what you know, so
         | the rest of us can learn. Supercilious putdowns of other
         | commenters just degrade the community.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | The Flexport CEO may know more, but the Flexport CEO _also_ has
         | an agenda of being profitable for the Flexport CEO.
         | 
         | This may, or may not, align with being solutions and advice
         | that benefits the public at large. In fact, it is becoming
         | increasingly clear that things are currently "optimized"
         | strongly enough that squeezing more profit out of the system
         | generally corresponds to finding a sucker to take advantage of
         | --normally the public at large.
         | 
         | Startups and their leaders have a "move fast and break things"
         | attitude that is no big deal when imaginary things like
         | software is involved that becomes a _big_ deal when non-
         | imaginary things like people become impacted.
         | 
         | Stacking 6-high triples storage space, sure. But it doesn't
         | stop container ships from running back to Asia empty.
         | 
         | So, that storage space will fill up quickly, and we're back
         | where we started only _now_ we have dangerously stacked high
         | center-of-mass (because empty) containers (this is an active
         | seismic zone, you know) that nobody wants to pay to get rid of
         | until somebody dies and their insurance rates shoot up enough
         | to make it necessary to dump the containers.
         | 
         | At which point, the shipping companies will magically make the
         | shipping containers go away--probably illegally to somewhere
         | you don't want them to go to.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | I mean, storage containers are made of structural steel. It's
           | not like they're radioactive waste. They're valuable, and
           | there's an active secondary market for used containers. There
           | is absolutely no situation where empty containers would get
           | dumped at sea or whatever.
        
           | weyland108 wrote:
           | " The Flexport CEO may know more, but the Flexport CEO also
           | has an agenda of being profitable for the Flexport CEO"
           | 
           | These are all for profit companies. It's a bit utopian to
           | suggest anything else would be better without providing any
           | specific alternatives.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | If you want me to believe that "profit motive" is aligned
             | with "public interest", why is everybody running to the
             | regulators to clear this instead of spending money?
             | 
             | It's a bit disingenuous to suggest that "profit motive" is
             | aligned with "public interest" in the face of all the
             | current evidence we have in other sectors that is quite to
             | the contrary.
             | 
             | To start, it is not at all clear that super low cost, super
             | low friction shipping from China is, in fact, in the
             | general US public interest. But it is in the interest of
             | WalMart. And it is in the interest of Amazon.
             | 
             | For example, from the standpoint of the public interest,
             | consuming fewer Christmas goods (which are mostly
             | disposable garbage and which is what the Asian shippers are
             | all rushing to get transported) is probably preferable. A
             | great deal of Asian garbage which is destined to be US
             | garbage is currently clogging out the shipping of goods
             | which have a steady demand and are far more necessary to
             | the functioning of the economy.
             | 
             | You will note that "increased foreign shipping friction
             | causing goods to be manufactured locally again" is _not_ on
             | the discussion table because it is _not_ part of an agenda
             | that people in the shipping industry wish to countenance.
        
               | marderfarker2 wrote:
               | Ironically the US the largest exporter of unrecyclable
               | garbage to Asia.
        
               | weyland108 wrote:
               | I never suggested profit motive was good for public
               | interest. Your argument in fact suggests that profit
               | motive is never good for public interest without
               | suggesting any good alternatives either. It's easy to
               | make an argument that everything should be produced
               | locally... what happens when there are no trucks or
               | truckers to ship it from one state to another ? Should
               | each state be responsible to produce everything
               | locally....should each county be then responsible to
               | produce everything locally ....at what point does it stop
               | ? The point about "let's just consume fewer goods" sounds
               | pretty utopian to me. That's not a plan it's a hope and
               | hope is not a plan.
        
         | rdtwo wrote:
         | When is the ceo of a company the real expert on anything? The
         | ceo is the celebrity that makes the big decisions but rarely
         | ever the actual ground level expert
        
           | ameister14 wrote:
           | A lot of the time when they found the company I find the CEO
           | knows a lot about it
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | Even if they were once the expert and know a lot about the
             | area they just have too many other responsibilities to be
             | the ground level expert and be ceo at the same time. A good
             | ceo will delegate to folks that understand the details
             | because details are the difference between success and
             | failure.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | What do you mean by "ground level expert"? In my experience
           | the true expertise tends to hover a couple of levels above
           | 'ground level' and get called in for the curly questions. The
           | actual boots-on-the-ground-100%-of-the-time people are
           | usually at a fairly basic level of competence (or rapidly get
           | promoted) and do the simple 'grunt work'.
           | 
           | I occasionally run into the higher levels these days and let
           | me tell you, most of them are whip smart.
        
           | tomjen3 wrote:
           | That is the case with companies not started by the CEO.
           | Flexport is a startup (YC, I think).
        
           | 0x0nyandesu wrote:
           | This is the kind of dumbass comment I see on HN that makes me
           | roll my eyes. You sound like you're 3 years into your tech
           | career and you can't help but comment on everything as if
           | you're an expert but in reality you show your ignorance.
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | Zoning laws prevent stacking containers more than 2 high. FFS.
       | 
       | Zoning as practiced in the US may be the most pervasive, banal
       | evil in the country. It kills our GDP[1], is a major driver of
       | racial inequity[2], increases wealth inequality[3], and creates
       | car-dependency which has horrible public health impacts[4].
       | 
       | Yet somehow nearly no one in America is aware of this or
       | concerned about it. I wish I understood why that is.
       | 
       | But I'm not surprised to learn that LA area land use regulation
       | is a major contributor to the dysfunction at the port.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mac.20170388
       | 
       | 2. https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/9/18/the-local-
       | case...
       | 
       | 3. https://www.cato.org/blog/housing-wealth-inequality
       | 
       | 4. https://vtpi.org/autodep.pdf
        
         | throwaway984393 wrote:
         | > Yet somehow nearly no one in America is aware of this or
         | concerned about it. I wish I understood why that is.
         | 
         | Because people love zoning! NIMBY is the rallying cry at zoning
         | board hearings, where whiny people who only care about
         | themselves make sure those Chinese people don't put their
         | stinky laundromats near our nice rich white neighborhood. It's
         | the main reason zoning exists! Particularly the wealthy people
         | who have the influence to make it happen, but the casual
         | racists of the past century, and middle class yuppies of the
         | past half century, have plenty to answer for.
         | 
         | But it's also clear that bad zoning (like the 2-stack rule) is
         | also an artifact of poor system maintenance. When you design a
         | system, you may put in certain constraints for safety. Over
         | time the system changes, but the entire design and its
         | constraints are not re-evaluated for each change. So eventually
         | you have constraints that are completely out of whack with the
         | current state. Doesn't matter if it's zoning or a microservice
         | architecture, you're going to end up with crappy legacy rules
         | that only get re-evaluated when things break.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | Why blame the rich people rather than the system that allows
           | them to abuse it? Rich people will always exist. The solution
           | is to make it so that abuse is not possible. One possibility:
           | create a state system for zoning and override every local
           | zoning system. Let local zoning boards decide how to zone but
           | make zoning be based on a tiered zoning system. Namely every
           | zoning is a superset of the previous zoning. So industrial
           | areas also allow every other type of zoning.
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfm2xCKOCNk
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | If you disagree with current zoning laws why would you want
             | to weaken your ability to influence them by moving the
             | decision to the state?
             | 
             | Delegation of power to local authority is a central concept
             | of American democracy. Do not throw that baby out with the
             | zoning bathwater.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | My post was actually about defining a system of zoning
               | and forcing localities (if they want to allow zoning for
               | industry at all) to also allow high rise housing and
               | commercial in the same area as well. And anywhere that's
               | zoned commercial also has to automatically allow
               | residential. Localities can still choose how they zone,
               | but the state sets the types of zoning possible.
        
             | newsclues wrote:
             | Rich people own and control the system.
             | 
             | Rich people have the power to change the system but they
             | want to maintain the status quo because they are rich and
             | powerful.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | Why would you assume a state system would be better and not
             | even worse?
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | Because local government represents just that locality...
               | meaning a wealthy neighbourhood only has politicians
               | elected and controlled by the wealthy.
               | 
               | State govts have to appeal to a much wider demographic.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | >65% of voters are home owners.
        
             | geofft wrote:
             | I don't know about your state, but in my state, rich people
             | have influence at the state level too.
             | 
             | It doesn't seem axiomatic to me that rich people will
             | always exist (I'm not sure I even agree that _poor_ people
             | will always exist, despite believing that the guy who most
             | famously said it was divine), and one of the things I have
             | learned from working in an industry with very rich people
             | is that merely being rich is enough to let you influence
             | the rules of the game. If someone was able to argue for
             | tiered zoning, you can pay people to argue for un-tiered
             | zoning. If there 's a law preventing you from influencing
             | local zoning, and you're rich, you can go change that law
             | just as easily as it got created. If there's a law
             | requiring certain representation on zoning boards, you can
             | go lobby that representation. If there's a law moving
             | zoning to an "apolitical" government agency, you can fund
             | candidates willing to politicize it. And so forth.
             | 
             | Making people not have that level of influence/leverage in
             | the first place, hard as it might be, seems like the only
             | viable solution.
        
           | stackedinserter wrote:
           | > NIMBY is the rallying cry at zoning board hearings, where
           | whiny people who only care about themselves make sure those
           | Chinese people don't put their stinky laundromats near our
           | nice rich white neighborhood.
           | 
           | Yes some of prefer zoning to "mixed" and "diverse"
           | neighborhoods. What's wrong with me not willing to see a
           | laundromat or an office building next to my house? Or what's
           | wrong with me willing to live in quiet family-oriented
           | neighborhood, where I can let children go outside alone since
           | age of 6-7?
        
             | coolso wrote:
             | > What's wrong with me not willing Misery loves company.
             | City-dwellers have to deal with crime, dodging homeless
             | excrement, noise, and general unpleasantness? So should
             | you.
        
             | djbebs wrote:
             | Nothings wrong with that. Nothing is stopping you from
             | buying up the land around you, or agreeing with you
             | neighbors to make a HOA that has those characteristics.
             | 
             | The problem with zoning, is that it isn't voluntary.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | It's certainly as voluntary as a HOA, which were
               | originally called _White Homeowners Associations._
               | 
               | Zoning is assigned by democratically elected
               | administrations. HOAs are restrictive covenants that are
               | required for the purchase of a house. Every single thing
               | identified as NIMBYism could be enforced by covenants,
               | and keeping blacks and Jews out was literally their
               | original purpose.
        
             | throwaway984393 wrote:
             | Because the wording of such restrictions are often just
             | window-dressing on the true motive, which is racial
             | segregation.
             | 
             | The first zoning law in the country was in Los Angeles in
             | 1908. Part of the law was crafted to force certain
             | businesses to relocate retroactively. It was crafted
             | specifically to target the Chinese businesses, which were
             | the laundromats. White people just did not want to live
             | alongside Chinese people.
             | 
             | Redlining was a further practice of both bankers and zoning
             | having restrictions which were explicitly racially
             | motivated. Levittown, the first planned community in the
             | United States, was very explicitly "not mixed" - it had
             | racial covenants that restricted blacks or jews from moving
             | in. The intent was to sell more homes, as they presumed
             | white people would not want to live in "mixed" areas with
             | neighbors of an undesireable race. That practice continued
             | throughout planned communities and zoning laws all over the
             | country. Many of those racial covenants are still in place
             | today.
             | 
             | As an aside: you can let your children go outside in most
             | cities. The moral panic over children getting kidnapped or
             | abused if they step foot outside the house has been
             | overblown for decades, and at this point is just a bizarre
             | psychological trope of America.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | Here is another zoning related video, referencing home-
             | based business fronts in upscale neighborhoods.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/wzBL85kTwwo
        
             | colinmhayes wrote:
             | Excessive zoning makes everyone poorer and is implemented
             | by a local political elite who have power because they can
             | afford to spend the most time on politics.
        
             | NineStarPoint wrote:
             | What's wrong is everything the top comment mentioned.
             | Zoning in the US is an albatross on our GDP, increases
             | wealth inequality and racial segregation, and is forcing
             | the car-centric culture that we currently live in. In the
             | broadest sense, it's making it close to impossible to
             | modernize our cities and will be a major factor in the US's
             | fall from being the biggest economy in the world.
             | 
             | If you're okay with all of that as the price of you getting
             | to live in an eternally quiet neighborhood (that your
             | children will never have a similar opportunity to live in
             | themselves due to zoning-driven real estate prices going
             | far beyond what standard wages can afford), then sure. As
             | long as you acknowledge what consequences your desires have
             | on wider society, then you can say you think the price is
             | worth it or that you don't really care.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cracell wrote:
         | Just no.
         | 
         | Zoning is extremely important. You should not be allowed to
         | build a factory in the middle of a neighborhood next to a
         | school.
         | 
         | There are certainly bad zoning laws but to say they are all bad
         | is just ignorant nonsense.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | This is Long Beach, where we literally drill for oil right in
           | the middle of residential neighborhoods.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | I suppose a compromise could be laws that restrict pollution,
           | toxins, noise, and odors from residential areas but otherwise
           | anything goes.
        
           | spenczar5 wrote:
           | Why not? It sounds like you think this is obvious, but it
           | isn't to me.
           | 
           | I live in an area with occasional grandfathered-in exceptions
           | to zoning rules. There's a cafe run out of a house, and a
           | butcher shop run on a residential street corner between
           | houses. And its absolutely lovely!
           | 
           | I would have no problem with people making things ("a
           | factory") next to a school.
        
             | kiklion wrote:
             | Even if there are businesses that you don't want, it can be
             | solved outside of broad strokes zoning.
        
             | Denvercoder9 wrote:
             | _> I would have no problem with people making things ("a
             | factory") next to a school._
             | 
             | A factory isn't just "making things", though. There might
             | be semi's coming and going making traffic more dangerous,
             | there could be materials left out that are dangerous to
             | kids if they wander through the wrong fence, maybe there'll
             | be loud noises that are detrimental to kids' concentration
             | during tests.
             | 
             | There's plenty of reasons industry is usually put outside
             | of towns.
        
             | zzzeek wrote:
             | > I would have no problem with people making things ("a
             | factory") next to a school.
             | 
             | yes you would, if it were a large plastics manufacturer
             | bringing large amounts of truck traffic and noise pollution
             | and spewing carcinogenic PCB compounds into local
             | atmosphere.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | Maybe companies shouldn't be allowed to spew toxic
               | carcinogens into the atmosphere so that wouldn't matter?
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | You should live next to a dog food factory or a bunch of
               | chicken houses. Things don't have to be dangerous to
               | create a situation that you don't want to be living next
               | to.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | Zoning mistakes have also resulted in the death of
               | vibrant neighborhoods. Having mixed residential and
               | commercial zoning enables things like grocery, corner and
               | hardware stores that make a good place to live even
               | better.
               | 
               | Zoning shouldn't be able to limit how high containers are
               | stacked. If the facility operates in a safe way
               | consistent with OHSA laws, the municipality should come
               | in with a half baked zoning law that prohibits an
               | otherwise reasonable operation from working effectively.
               | 
               | In my travels I have found that many communities across
               | the US seem to generally fear use of height. I've always
               | found this odd compared to rest of the world. Maybe it's
               | just because land is cheap, but it does tend to mean that
               | zoning laws, which try to codify standard practice, do
               | end up overreaching on this particular issue.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Or a farm using natural fertilisers... They do look
               | lovely part of the year, others not so much.
        
               | F35Machinist wrote:
               | The net result of relaxing zoning would be more
               | residential housing built, not industrial. Industrial
               | parks around the united states are sitting fallow while
               | housing is being bid up to the moon. Demolishing houses
               | to build a dog food factory would be very unprofitable
               | since you would be replacing high value land use with low
               | value land use. What you are saying is not a good
               | argument for strict zoning, because your hypothetical
               | scenario isn't realistic.
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | how about a landfill. ever been to one? they smell quite
               | awful. nothing illegal about them, and they would pretty
               | much ruin a junior high school right next door.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | And they're a horrible mistake of history that was a bad
               | idea. The planet is a closed loop system with limited
               | resources. Our use of those limited resources should be
               | closed loop as well.
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | unfortunately there is no means for that to happen right
               | away. but of course if there weren't any landfills, we
               | would no longer need them to be mentioned in zoning
               | regulations.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | Zoning is not the same as regulation. We shouldn't be
               | spewing carcinogenic PCBs _anywhere_.
               | 
               | Gigantic factories don't want to be on small residential
               | streets anyway because they cant fit the trucks in, so I
               | think that argument cuts the other way - there are
               | natural forces that deter that stuff.
        
               | blondin wrote:
               | the GP made a valid point for zoning: a safe environment
               | for schools. but this comment and the other one are
               | veering away from that main point.
               | 
               | of course we don't want anything carcinogenic or that
               | dangerous anywhere where people live.
               | 
               | that doesn't invalidate GP's main point that schools need
               | safe and calm environments.
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | yet commercial zoning regulations exist for some reason.
               | if "natural forces" prevent all negative outcomes, why do
               | they exist ?
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | I don't see how I claimed that natural forces prevent all
               | negative outcomes. Sorry, you don't seem interested in
               | understanding each others' views here...
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | If you think your example was an exception, what was the
               | use of it? It seemed like evidence to support the claim
               | that there are "natural forces that deter that stuff."
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | your view seemed to be pretty clearly, "commercial zoning
               | is unnecessary for the problem of building factories next
               | to schools", based on your phrase "Gigantic factories
               | don't want to be on small residential streets anyway
               | because they cant fit the trucks in, so I think that
               | argument cuts the other way - there are natural forces
               | that deter that stuff. ", meaning, "natural forces" would
               | "deter" "that stuff", in this case "that stuff" being
               | building factories next to schools. Sorry to be pedantic
               | but I'm not quite sure what it is I'm not understanding.
               | 
               | if you're saying, "I was just arguing that one exact
               | example, i didnt say natural forces help for all kinds of
               | other problems that commercial zoning is meant to help",
               | well OK, so I think commercial zoning is necessary for
               | even a less-than-gigantic, but nevertheless distruptive,
               | noisy, and polluting manufacturing facilities being built
               | inappropriately close to schools and residential areas
               | which may nevertheless still be on roads that are fairly
               | or fully accessible by truck traffic". After all the
               | truck traffic could enter in the front of the building's
               | property and the back and sides of the building's
               | property abut said schools and homes in any case. just go
               | look at any commercial property with a lot of trucking
               | and movement going on, it doesn't take much imagination
               | to see how such a thing can and quite often does abut
               | residential areas in any case.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | Thanks for explaining more fully, this is helpful.
               | 
               | Yeah, I was trying to say that factories specifically
               | want good road access, so zones aren't necessary for that
               | one exact example - your second paragraph. Sorry for
               | being unclear with the phrase "that stuff," which seems
               | to have sent us in the wrong direction.
               | 
               | You say they may be constructed in residential areas
               | anyway - like, maybe the roads are good enough in a
               | neighborhood. I agree with this, but then I'm not seeing
               | what the problem with the factory is. If it's noisy,
               | impose noise restrictions. If it's polluting, impose
               | pollution restrictions. But I don't have any beef with
               | people making stuff as a matter of course.
               | 
               | My position is mostly that zones are the wrong tool for
               | the job. I wish we were more forgiving of mixed-use
               | neighborhoods. If someone wants to run a 3D printing shop
               | next door to a school, more power to 'em.
        
               | kmbfjr wrote:
               | Zoning exists as a common protection of property values.
               | You may have no problem living next to a solid waste
               | disposal site, but if they built one next to a home you
               | owned for twenty years, you might come to appreciate
               | zoning.
               | 
               | Make no mistake, the protection is more often than not
               | for the local tax base. There more than enough examples
               | of zoning changes approved because the change offers a
               | multiple of new tax revenue.
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | That must be so, since you said it. Do you acknowledge,
             | though, that many people would _not_ like a factory next to
             | their house? How about a foundry? How about an airport? And
             | do you think that people 's preferences ought to be taken
             | into account by their local government? If so, there's no
             | argument here, you just have your own opinion.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | I am asking to be convinced ("why not?"). I'm not trying
               | to convince you myself :)
               | 
               | There are alternative mechanisms for getting peoples'
               | local preferences. City- or county-wide zoning maps
               | rarely change, and - at least in Seattle - don't seem to
               | respond to individual citizens desires or concerns in the
               | way you imply. Are zones really the right tool for the
               | job?
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | Well, you did say you wouldn't mind if there was a
               | factory next to a school. My point is that most people
               | probably wouldn't want that, because it would be
               | dangerous at worst and disruptive at best, and it's
               | generally considered the job of governments to prevent
               | that kind of thing. Whether that happens _in practice_ in
               | specific locations is another issue completely, as is
               | what individual citizens want to happen.
               | 
               | If you think that there are situations where preventing
               | some kinds of things (say, a toxic landfill) from being
               | constructed next to other kinds of things (say, a
               | preschool) is desirable, and that there should be rules
               | around that, and that _most people_ want an elected
               | government to make and enforce those rules, that ought to
               | explain why the commenter you responded to said zoning is
               | important. Even if you disagree with any of those
               | clauses, I think you 'd understand why they felt that
               | way.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | The massive administrative burden of making every piece
               | of property a special case where everyone nearby has to
               | be interviewed, then their interests quantified and
               | compared and a final judgment made sounds like a lawyer's
               | wet dream.
               | 
               | Instead, we have zoning, where we can say "build your
               | factory here if you don't want to worry about residential
               | complaints" or "build your house here if you don't want a
               | noxious odor, noise, and constant semi traffic bothering
               | you."
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | Industrial processes have a large surface area of different
             | risks and hazards, and physical distance from where people
             | live is a good way to mitigate all of them. Eg. Explosions,
             | toxic chemical spills, electrical noise, air pollution etc.
             | 
             | They also need heavy transport, which wears out road
             | infrastructure much more quickly than light vehicles.
             | Keeping residential streets largely clear of heavy traffic
             | means you can focus repairs and replacements of road
             | surfaces in the industrial areas.
             | 
             | Zoning isnt the _only_ way to solve these problems, but it
             | 's a good one
        
               | andbberger wrote:
               | Zoning is a terrible terrible way to solve the heavy
               | goods transport problem the states have. Fines
               | proportional to vehicle wear would be a better way to do
               | it, incentivizing use of industrial rail spurs.
               | Switzerland is the place to look for inspiration on this.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | It seems like this would depend a lot on the industry,
               | and on scale. If somebody is, I don't know, assembling
               | board games, I think that sounds fine next to a school.
               | If they're refining crude oil, well, that sounds more
               | likely to have the problems you describe.
               | 
               | But "zoning" attempts to resolve those issues by carving
               | territory up, not by requiring a particular physical
               | distance. Zoning maps have boundaries which still have
               | the problems you describe, right?
               | 
               | It seems a lot more reasonable to target the specific
               | issues (noise, air pollution, etc - the stuff you
               | descibed) rather than attack this via zones.
               | 
               | Of course, you said a similar thing too, so we probably
               | 80% agree. But can you explain the remaining 20% - when
               | is zoning ever a good way to solve these problems?
               | 
               | Further - is there a case to be made for zoning aside
               | from moving really heavy industry away from really
               | residential neighborhoods? My city has dozens of zones,
               | carefully segregating walkable retail regions from
               | single-family homes, which doesn't seem so defensible.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | This is a perfect reason why most zoning sucks - but not
             | all zoning sucks. Current zoning prevents most
             | neighborhoods from being walkable. You can't have cafes and
             | grocery stores near most houses.
             | 
             | But replace cute cafe in your example with a landfill or a
             | cement plant and see if it's still awesome.
             | 
             | This is why some zoning is good.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | I previously lived next to a cement plant, actually, in
               | Brooklyn - the Ferrara Brothers one, now shut down. It
               | was literally adjacent to my apartment, out the back
               | window. And you know what? I didn't mind one bit. I
               | really loved that neighborhood.
        
               | stackedinserter wrote:
               | You can have a little park between grocery stores and
               | houses. I live in a neighborhood like this and have all
               | necessary amenities in 5-10 minutes of walk.
        
           | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
           | You don't need zoning laws for that. The UK doesn't have
           | them, yet still has pretty stringent controls ("planning
           | permission") on what you can build. Explanation:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning#United_Kingdom
           | 
           | Each area - typically a district, which is a sub-unit of a
           | county or city - has a "local plan" which is decided
           | democratically by the local government. "The plan does not
           | provide specific guidance on what type of buildings will be
           | allowed in a given location, rather it provides general
           | principles for development and goals for the management of
           | urban change."
           | 
           | All of this sits under a National Planning Policy Framework
           | set by central Government.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | That's zoning with a different name.
        
             | dpratt wrote:
             | "We don't have speed limits, but instead a system where
             | different classes of roads have a preset range of overall
             | maximum velocity."
             | 
             | Does a zoning law by any other name smell as sweet?
        
               | avianlyric wrote:
               | Not quite. UK planning isn't highly prescriptive, and
               | made up extremely narrow and limited classes of building
               | (like single unit family home).
               | 
               | Instead the plans set out browser goals, such as
               | designating a area as being primarily residential with an
               | objective of reducing traffic and increasing walking.
               | 
               | If you can submit a plan that show what you want to build
               | fits with outline, you can probably get permission. That
               | means it's perfectly possible to build a shop, or an
               | office, or restaurant in the middle of a residential
               | area. All of those things would increase the walk ability
               | of the area, and reduce the need for residents to own
               | cars.
               | 
               | Equally just because a plan doesn't indicate you can
               | build a specific type of building, doesn't mean you can't
               | get permission for. But you would have an uphill battle
               | to convince planners that deviating from the local plan
               | is necessary.
               | 
               | The result is that pretty much all of the UK has mixed
               | use development. You find residential area right next to
               | light industrial districts. You find shops and
               | restaurants scattered through neighbourhoods, and find
               | flat in the centre of commercial districts (just don't
               | complain about the noise).
        
               | Ichthypresbyter wrote:
               | The difference between zoning and planning is like the
               | difference between a speed limit and the old "Reasonable
               | and Prudent" law in Montana or the _Richtgeschwindigkeit_
               | in Germany.
        
             | willyt wrote:
             | The UK's planning system is very slow, unpredictable and
             | inefficient. It also is not great at preventing suburban
             | sprawl either. Probably Spain, the Netherlands or Japan
             | would be more interesting to look at.
        
           | burlesona wrote:
           | You don't need zoning to stop that. You can regulate against
           | nuisances directly - for example: no industrial noise levels
           | within 2000' of an existing neighborhood. You also don't even
           | _need_ to do that because it's uneconomical: land in a
           | neighborhood is worth too much per square foot to be used for
           | industrial development.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | Unless it's a black neighborhood, in which case it's cheap
             | enough to bring in big polluters?
             | 
             | A default assumption that industrial processes are safe
             | unless specifically regulated to say they're dangerous
             | sounds like a shell game. The industry will chge between
             | dangerous pollutants fast enough to be one step ahead of
             | regulators, or pay regulators off to allow their
             | pollutants.
             | 
             | It's right to assume all industrial work is dangerous
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | i work in a light industrial area...there is a place next
               | door that burns the crap off of commercial restaurant
               | pans and recoats them with teflon.
               | 
               | their smokestack blew over last year, and now i get
               | headaches all the time since they haven't bothered to
               | rebuild it.
               | 
               | even in san francisco, purported leftie paradise - there
               | really isn't anything i can do about it.
               | 
               | assume that _every_ shop is cutting corners
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | So, have you sued them yet? (Isn't that the American
               | Way?)
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "Yet somehow nearly no one in America is aware of this or
         | concerned about it. I wish I understood why that is."
         | 
         | I can't speak for everyone _but in my case_ it is because I
         | grew up in an impoverished community that had little to no
         | zoning.
         | 
         | I experienced first-hand what the built environment is and the
         | emergent behaviors of people are when there are no rules.
         | 
         | See, you live in a place that is nicely organized and,
         | presumably, _zoned_ and you think if we got rid of the zoning
         | then everything would be _just like it is now_ but with a few
         | more housing units and maybe some delightful mixed light-
         | commercial interspersed and _wouldn 't that be great_!
         | 
         | In reality what you get is a welding shop next to your house.
         | And llamas. And people disconnecting from city sewer because by
         | god they're not paying for that when their home-built septic
         | works just as well. And Grandma died and what do we do with her
         | horse I know we'll keep it in the front yard.
         | 
         | If you had any exposure to _anything other than nicely zoned
         | locales_ you wouldn 't romanticize the absence of rules.
        
         | trinovantes wrote:
         | I think the bigger issue is that our culture sees housing as an
         | investment vehicle rather than a commodity like food. You
         | wouldn't stockpile a warehouse full of non perishables with the
         | expectation that they will skyrocket in price. Likewise, nobody
         | _should_ buy multiple houses with the expectation that they
         | will skyrocket in price.
         | 
         | Without this mindset, I doubt anyone would be so opposed to
         | change zoning laws as cities grow/change
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | Arcane zoning rules are absolutely strangling society.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Asooka wrote:
         | Some form of zoning must exist because you don't want people
         | living next to an incinerator power plant for instance, but
         | like any good thing, it can be taken to an extreme and
         | micromanaged into evil.
        
           | burlesona wrote:
           | That's not really true. It's perfectly possible to directly
           | regulate, prohibit and/or tax nuisances and externalities
           | directly without zoning.
        
             | downut wrote:
             | But the key is _who_ regulates, prohibits, etc.
             | 
             | If that power is local, NIMBY always wins. These decisions
             | must be made at the state level. Cities are way too
             | fractured into myriad municipalities competing for jobs and
             | "quality" housing.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The power is with rich locals.
               | 
               | I'd assume state power is with the same rich folks, so
               | it's still NIMBY, but the state can force it on poor
               | locals. Woooo
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | If you tax unequally, depending upon location, then that's
             | just zoning with another name, except the rich can ignore
             | it.
        
             | cracell wrote:
             | Ok.
             | 
             | So basically zoning but pretending it's not called zoning.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | No, since this alternative allows for an apartment
               | building with a couple of shops on the ground floor
               | (normal in most of the world), and any other reasonable
               | mixed development.
               | 
               | No one is suggesting heavy industry should be allowed in
               | a residential area.
        
               | seoaeu wrote:
               | A set of local laws that says "heavy industry isn't
               | allowed in residential areas" _is a zoning code_
        
               | burlesona wrote:
               | Zoning means central planners literally draw a map saying
               | what goes where, and generally make all kinds of
               | aesthetic decisions to go along with it. There is a big
               | gap between that level of micromanaging land use and
               | regulating against nuisances.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | Why? If people choose to live next to the incinerator that's
           | their choice. You can also have "industrial only" zones for
           | stuff that's pollution emitting, but most things don't need
           | that zoning. Example Japan:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfm2xCKOCNk
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | This is not a zoning problem, because the zoning laws have been
         | in place for decades, while the port worked fine.
         | 
         | There is another root cause at work here. Temporarily
         | suspending the zoning is just one of many short-term treatments
         | to resolve a backlog.
        
         | sushsjsuauahab wrote:
         | Well, I would be pretty angry if someone built a gigantic
         | apartment complex next to my normal house, since I bought it on
         | the impression I would not have that as a neighbor
        
           | gtirloni wrote:
           | You should have bought a considerable amount of land next to
           | your property too then. Just like Bill Gates and Mark
           | Zuckerberg. I'm sure no one would complain about that since,
           | you know, it'd be yours and not someone else's.
        
             | nrmitchi wrote:
             | I'm not here to defend unnecessary zoning restrictions, but
             | your argument here is that the right to not be affected by
             | the externalities of someone else's decisions should be
             | limited to the uber-wealthy?.
             | 
             | It's completely reasonable to believe that a given person
             | should be capable of quiet enjoyment of their property
             | without having to purchase everything remotely close to it.
        
               | ladon86 wrote:
               | If you want to live in a very desirable area and you also
               | want to have very few neighbors, you should have to pay
               | for that luxury. Right now that luxury is effectively
               | subsidized for a few people who are "grandfathered in",
               | thanks to the market distortion created by zoning.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Why should somebody be allowed to keep others out of
               | property that they are not paying for. I find your
               | contention competent wrong on all counts.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | That cuts both ways; why should somebody be allowed to
               | induce a negative impact on property that they are not
               | paying for?
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Prohibiting others in an entire area is a far far bigger
               | "negative externality."
        
             | isoskeles wrote:
             | "You should've been filthy rich like Bill Gates!"
             | 
             | Really?
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | If a lot of people want to be in an area, but you want an
               | area with fewer people, why should your single vote
               | override everybody else's desires? Simply move elsewhere,
               | as nobody has the right to interfere with the free
               | association of others.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Why should people who don't live there now get a vote?
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | If I'm making a software product in a specific product
               | area, do I get to keep out other people from ever making
               | that product?
               | 
               | If a ship sinks at sea, and there's a deserted island
               | nearby, does the first passenger on the ship that arrives
               | on the island get to claim it and prevent anybody else
               | from stepping onto the island? Do all those other people
               | on the ship get a vote on who can step onto the island
               | even if they were not there first?
               | 
               | Does owning a piece of property give you the right to
               | veto a particular person purchasing the neighboring
               | property because you don't want then next door?
               | 
               | We as a society have set up a bunch of rules as for how
               | much control people get when they "purchase" property.
               | It's not a single thing, it's actually a bundle of
               | rights, and we have chosen a particular bundle, and that
               | bundle can be changed, and has changed, over time. Zoning
               | is a century old invention.
               | 
               | The idea that a single land owner in an area can block
               | the sale of land to others is considered ridiculous by
               | most. But how much more ridiculous is it then saying that
               | somebody else can't build apartments on their land,
               | particularly in areas where lack of housing has caused
               | massive homelessness and and skyrocketing of housing
               | prices.
        
             | ergocoder wrote:
             | > You should have bought a considerable amount of land next
             | to your property too then.
             | 
             | Your suggestion is much worse. It'd require millions of
             | dollars.
             | 
             | Doing this might also get yelled at by another activist
             | group for buying up all the lands in the city.
             | 
             | A better alternative: we could just join city council and
             | vote to reject any new building.
             | 
             | Not that I agree or disagree with NIMBY, it's just that
             | your suggestion is much worse than the alternative for
             | NIMBY-ists.
        
           | spothedog1 wrote:
           | If someone built a gigantic apartment complex next to your
           | house it would mean that the demand for housing in your
           | neighborhood was massive and restricted by zoning. Your land
           | value would skyrocket by allowing apartment buildings and you
           | could take a huge pay day and move somewhere farther out from
           | the city. You shouldn't get to halt US GDP growth in its
           | tracks because you want to dictate what your neighbors do
           | with their property.
        
             | ergocoder wrote:
             | > Your land value would skyrocket by allowing apartment
             | buildings
             | 
             | That is too far away. That may or may not happen
             | 
             | In the short term, the supply just increases significantly.
             | Probably also the traffic and other infrastructure use.
             | 
             | Not that I disagree or agree with nimby. Just pointing it
             | out because you only point out one side.
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | Imagine 2 empty parcels of land in downtown Manhattan,
               | one can have a giant skyscraper of any height built on it
               | and the other has to be a single family home. The parcel
               | of land with no restrictions is going to be worth
               | exponentially more because you can built a massively
               | profitable structure on it, the other one is so regulated
               | that it isn't worth any where near as much. The more
               | profit you could derive from a parcel of land the more
               | its worth. Now I used an extreme example just to get my
               | point across but the same principle holds on a small
               | scale. If your house was rezoned for apartment buildings
               | and the demand existed, someone would come in and buy it
               | off your hands for a huge premium. Since in our
               | hypothetical someone had just built an apartment building
               | next to your house, the value of the land is already
               | high, simply allow your parcel of land to allow more
               | structures would cause it to rise in value.
               | 
               | On the infrastructure side, its a much better deal for
               | you as well, the combined value of all the property taxes
               | from the apartment buildings will be way more than if
               | that lot had remained a house. Since the road, water,
               | sewer and electric lines are already in place nothing new
               | has to be built. You benefit from all those property
               | taxes coming in from the apartment building while the
               | liabilities to the government have barely increased. The
               | local government can use this new surplus of taxes to
               | build new amenities for you.
               | 
               | For traffic, sure but that's why you want to build more
               | pedestrian friendly neighborhoods and public transit so
               | people don't have to drive everywhere. Once you have
               | enough people in a place you could open small shops so
               | they can hang out around the building rather than drive
               | everywhere.
        
               | jdkee wrote:
               | So the opening scene to the Pixar movie, "Up"?
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | Yes it sucks for that guy, with one of best opening
               | scenes of any cinema we cannot help feel bad for that
               | guy. However economically it is bad for that city/country
               | that he does not move.
               | 
               | We can of course choose to say we want quality of life
               | over economic comforts modern economy offers, until our
               | holiday shopping is stuck in the ports because of
               | viewshed(!) regulations.
               | 
               | The cold truth is if only very rich do that it won't
               | affect much, if however everyone also starts, the economy
               | will suffer and eventually as a result of that quality of
               | life will also drop, everything becomes expensive and
               | industry/jobs go to places that don't restrict as much.
               | 
               | Look at Healthcare in U.S. for stark example,
               | insurance(tied to employment!) or proper care is a luxury
               | is out of reach of for many people, that on average
               | citizens here actually may be getting poorer care than
               | many other countries with poorer per capita GDP . The
               | best in world research or care is possible in the U.S.
               | what is the use if people cannot afford it ?
        
               | ergocoder wrote:
               | Let's not imagine an unlikely scenario. None of this is
               | likely true for US' cities.
               | 
               | > someone would come in and buy it off your hands for a
               | huge premium.
               | 
               | This is still a far future.
               | 
               | > If your house was rezoned for apartment buildings and
               | the demand existed
               | 
               | It's still better for you that only demand exists, but
               | not supply.
               | 
               | To be honest, I doubt nimbyists are even interested to
               | move. They just want their neighborhood to stay
               | relatively the same (quiet, fewer people, safe, less
               | crowded).
               | 
               | Either way we look at it, this kind of points are likely
               | cons, not pros.
               | 
               | > sure but that's why you want to build more pedestrian
               | friendly neighborhoods and public transit so people don't
               | have to drive everywhere.
               | 
               | I laughed a little, assuming this is a US city.
               | 
               | Again, I don't own a house, so it's not that I agree or
               | disagree with nimby. But I can understand why nimby hates
               | new buildings next to their houses. It's just a lot more
               | cons than pros.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | I don't think one would be worth more than the other.
               | 
               | Extraordinarily wealthy people are going to be willing to
               | pay a premium for a nice house in Manhattan, and
               | extremely wealthy people are exponentially wealthier than
               | moderately wealthy people, so you cant get that back in
               | volume.
        
             | throwaway984393 wrote:
             | In practice, people are pushed out of their homes because
             | they can't afford to live in the neighborhood full of high
             | rise apartments anymore, and they then struggle to make a
             | living (much less find another place to live). It's funny
             | that the GDP itself is prized over the people who are
             | supposed to be the beneficiaries of an economy with a high
             | GDP.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | If such people are homeowners (after all, it is
               | homeowners who are the one complaining about this on
               | zoning boards), they'll become fantastically wealthy in
               | such a scenario. They have nothing really to complain
               | about except a wealth tax (of course, by limiting
               | property tax increases, California's prop 13 is like a
               | wealth SUBSIDY).
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | That's unless the government uses eminent domain to give
               | your home to a developer as "slum clearance"
               | 
               | Then, you're turned into a renter against your will, and
               | also, everyone else needs to find new housing at the same
               | time, so even before the new luxury units go up, the rent
               | skyrockets.
               | 
               | Poor people with expensive homes can't defend their
               | ownership. That takes paying expensive lawyers
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > they'll become fantastically wealthy in such a scenario
               | 
               | If they leave immediately, rather than struggling to pay
               | their massively increased property taxes, then mortgaging
               | their house to keep up...
               | 
               | > by limiting property tax increases, California's prop
               | 13 is like a wealth SUBSIDY
               | 
               | ...which apparently is a good outcome?
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | More nominal wealth that reduces actual physical wealth
               | (by slowing the improvement of land via adding denser
               | housing) is not a good outcome. It's just redistribution
               | of wealth from newcomers or renters to existing
               | homeowners.
        
               | avianlyric wrote:
               | Out of interest what the mechanism that results in people
               | being priced out of houses they own?
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Everything else becoming more expensive, including taxes.
               | 
               | Eminent domain is another.
               | 
               | Why not worry about renters though? Are they not people?
        
               | avianlyric wrote:
               | I'm just asking about the mechanisms that force people
               | out of their homes in US. Nothing more.
               | 
               | Here in the U.K. taxes etc don't increase with property
               | value, and eminent domain isn't frequently used. So I
               | lack the context to understand why increasing property
               | values mean people are forced to leave, especially when I
               | look around London and see thousands of people who bought
               | their council homes 50 years ago, and are now living in
               | properties that are worth many orders of magnitude more
               | than what they bought them for. Notably, none of them
               | have been forced out.
               | 
               | As for renters, well the mechanism is obvious, I don't
               | need someone to explain that to me.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | >It's funny that the GDP itself is prized over the people
               | who are supposed to be the beneficiaries of an economy
               | with a high GDP.
               | 
               | The GDP isn't a magical number that rises by making
               | people suffer. It rises because NIMBYs are unable to
               | force others to struggle by keeping them out of their
               | economically advantageous land.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The economic advantage of that land _is_ that the nimbys
               | are there.
               | 
               | Similar land is all over the place
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | If the demand exists to build high rises then those
               | people would already be pushed out at an ever faster
               | rate. If you take a plot of land that previously had 4
               | units on it and turn it into a high rise with 100 units,
               | then you can fit 96 higher income people onto that plot
               | of land. In the scenario where you don't build that high
               | rise, those 96 higher income people simply go into the
               | existing housing stock and push those people out anyway.
               | You can think of a high rise as a sponge soaking up
               | demand. In our hypothetical with the high rise, the
               | existing neighborhood's housing stock is in less demand
               | (and cheaper) because all the wealthier people moved into
               | the high rise.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Why are the higher income people wanting to live in the
               | worse accommodations in the high rise?
               | 
               | If they can push people out of houses regardless, theyre
               | still going to go for the houses.
               | 
               | It'd be better to redirect demand elsewhere, so the
               | wealthy people can build their own infrastructure and
               | community rather than co-opting an existing one
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | Living in a newly built high rise in more attractive to
               | some people than a decades old house that might not be in
               | the best shape. You can't "redirect demand", that's just
               | not how the world works. When a bunch of jobs are
               | centered in a city, then people will move to that city to
               | work. You need to have a solution that can accommodate
               | the population growth. Just telling people to go away is
               | xenophobic and denies the reality of the situation.
        
               | throwaway984393 wrote:
               | I think you might be missing the point, which is that the
               | entire scenario should not be happening. If people are
               | getting priced out of their houses, or people are
               | building high-rises that inconvenience people, that needs
               | to be solved, not ignored "because GDP". Making people's
               | lives worse or uprooting them in service of general
               | economic gain isn't a good strategy. I mean, we certainly
               | have used that rationale in the past (genocide of the
               | American Indian comes to mind) but it's probably not in
               | the best interests of the nation.
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | High rises are built because people want to move to
               | places with better opportunity. Should we simply not
               | allow anyone to move to places with high opportunity? Are
               | people who were born in rural areas or small towns not
               | allowed to seek a better life in a big city because some
               | people already live there? If you think people people
               | should be allowed to move to places with better
               | opportunity, then you need a solution on how to house a
               | growing urban population, and that solution is building
               | denser and taller high rises and housing of all types.
               | You seem to view the people moving into the high rises as
               | some sort of evil gentrifier trying to make other people
               | lives hell, but they simple want to live in a more
               | prosperous location. How is your argument any different
               | than American anti-immigration people saying no one can
               | immigrate to the US because "its full". Simply put, you
               | need to build more housing in places where people want to
               | live and unless you want endless urban sprawl of low
               | density houses then you need to build high rises where
               | demand supports it.
               | 
               | I'm not trying to argue in bad faith, but I genuinely
               | don't see a solution where you allow people to move to
               | areas of high opportunity without building more high
               | rises (or just denser housing in general).
        
               | throwaway984393 wrote:
               | On the one hand, there's people with money who want to
               | move to a new area. They have plenty of cash and
               | resources, and they want to move primarily out of a
               | lifestyle desire.
               | 
               | On the other hand, there's people without money who live
               | in a neighborhood, who can no longer afford to live
               | there. But they usually cannot simply "move somewhere
               | else". Remember: they're poor (since they can't afford to
               | even pay a property tax increase). They may not have good
               | credit, not qualify for a loan, or even have any savings.
               | They may already be stretched to the limit in terms of
               | transportation to a job, or rely on their neighbors for
               | child care. If they were a homeowner, it may have been
               | the last vestige of generational wealth in their family,
               | and they may simply have no money for rent or a new home.
               | If they can rent, it'll certainly be much more than they
               | were paying before, which may have just been their
               | property tax. And if they are one of the millions of
               | Americans whose parents brought them to this country in
               | search of migrant work, they might not even have a birth
               | certificate or social security number, or perhaps have
               | difficulty speaking English.
               | 
               | For many disadvantaged Americans, being forced out of
               | your home due to gentrification can leave you homeless,
               | jobless, and broke, with no lifeline. No extended family
               | to give you money or support, no savings to cushion
               | rebooting your whole life. This has been a reality for
               | decades, and I'm still surprised when people don't
               | realize how much of a risk to human life there is here.
               | 
               | So.... if the question is "When will you let people build
               | high rises and gentrify out poor people?", my answer
               | would be: "When those same people who want to build high
               | rises are forced to reconcile with the people whose lives
               | they might destroy." If you want to gentrify a
               | neighborhood, it should be a requirement that every
               | single person who will be negatively affected by that
               | move should be supported such that their lives won't end
               | up in shambles just so a developer can get rich and some
               | hipsters can have an expensive loft.
               | 
               | It's a choice between giving rich people a cozy pad, or
               | letting poor people continue to have a livelihood and
               | home. I just don't see that being much of a choice.
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | Building new housing isn't about "giving rich people a
               | cozy pad" its about allowing millions of people from
               | geographically disadvantaged areas live in high
               | opportunity areas. I grew up in a small farm town 3 hours
               | from the nearest city so I'm just supposed to live there
               | the rest of my life? I'm not allowed to move to a city
               | cause I got a good job offer? Sorry but your attempts to
               | dehumanize new arrivals isn't going to convince many
               | people, what about the millions of immigrants who come to
               | this country, are they just banned from living in areas
               | with jobs under your scenario because some people already
               | live there? You're still not providing a solution to this
               | problem, you've just ignored it.
               | 
               | You also must have completely ignored my comment from
               | above, if you don't build new housing those existing
               | people are just going to get kicked out at an even faster
               | rate if you don't build new housing. New housing acts as
               | a sponge to soak up demand. The entire reason housing is
               | expensive is because we don't build enough housing units
               | in places people want to live. Your solution to not build
               | anymore only makes it worse. Their rents will go up at an
               | even faster pace. If you made building fast, cheap and
               | easy then housing units at all price points would sprout
               | up. Do you think if you don't build a high rise then
               | wealthier people just go away? No they just look at the
               | existing housing stock and buy up and renovate whatever
               | is there. Houston has one of the most deregulated housing
               | markets in the country and for this reason the average
               | home hasn't gone up in price despite a fast growing
               | population. You have to build to keep up with demand.
               | 
               | Renters and owners are different, in a gentrification
               | scenario owners get very wealthy. Tons of poor families
               | who own in poorer neighborhoods just received a massive
               | cash infusion when a developer bought their parcels.
               | Gentrification is one of the largest transfers of wealth
               | from rich to poor in history. Your hypothetical of
               | someone selling their house for a huge premium and then
               | having nowhere to go doesn't bear out in reality, they've
               | just become rich from selling. There are millions of
               | stories of poor families buying cheap property on the
               | outskirts of town decades ago only for that land to worth
               | a fortune now due to development potential.
               | 
               | Renters on the other hand suffer the most from lack of
               | building, you say when they get kicked out they'll have
               | to pay more in rent. That's because housing isn't being
               | built fast enough so prices are skyrocketing. When you
               | have increasing demand and fixed supply, prices go up.
               | The only way to keep rents stable is too build as much as
               | possible. As for neighborhoods, places change. You can't
               | keep them stuck in time for ever. Families move,
               | economies grow, people age and we need to have solutions
               | that adapt, not ones that pretend no changes are
               | happening and try to keep everything in place.
               | 
               | So in short you still haven't provided a solution to
               | people wanting to live in areas with jobs. These aren't
               | rich people with vacation condos, these are people who
               | come from areas without good jobs and want to live in
               | areas with jobs. Please give me a solution that
               | accommodates them or you're just plugging your ears.
               | Trying to deny reality isn't a solution and will only
               | make things worse.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I think you are missing the point. When you say "priced
               | out of their home" what you actually mean is that they
               | have become so fabulously wealthy that they can no longer
               | "afford" a 1% tax on that massive wealth. And even that
               | is just a made up fabricated story, because nearly
               | everywhere has abatement programs to delay taxes or
               | decrease taxes for those who can't afford to pay their
               | property taxes.
               | 
               | Further, they unjustly accumulated that wealth by keeping
               | people out of an area that is in huge demand. They are
               | hoarding a scarce resource, to the detriment of sooooo
               | many people. They didn't create that land, and they
               | didn't create that wealth, and they are standing in the
               | way of many many many times more people's right to take
               | part in society.
               | 
               | This sort of person you are idolizing is actually a
               | greedy villian, working to make the world a worse place
               | merely so they can avoid looking at apartments or meeting
               | new people.
        
               | throwaway984393 wrote:
               | I'm talking about poor people who can no longer afford to
               | live in their home or apartment due to gentrification. I
               | don't know who you're talking about.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | They did create the weath though.
               | 
               | The land became valuable because they are there and have
               | done a good job maintaining their community. It's
               | collective action of the community that has made it a
               | good place to be.
               | 
               | Maintaining the community is what ensures that value
               | remains. The rea question is why all these other people
               | aren't willing to go build a valuable community
        
             | zzzeek wrote:
             | > If someone built a gigantic apartment complex next to
             | your house it would mean that the demand for housing in
             | your neighborhood was massive
             | 
             | or it could mean a developer was very stupid to overbuild
             | somewhere, or more likely it's a shell building used as a
             | money laundering scheme for organized crime (See
             | https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/nov/17/trump-
             | ocean-... for one such building built by Trump; such
             | buildings are also often structurally unsafe such as the
             | building in Florida that collapsed which was also started
             | as a money laundering front). I'm not down with this "the
             | free market will make sure everything is OK" idea.
        
               | spothedog1 wrote:
               | If a developer is stupid to overbuild, then let them take
               | that risk and that loss. We don't have to zone away risk.
               | As for money laundering, you're using an example of one
               | Trump Tower out of millions of apartments buildings to
               | say it's "more likely" that every apartment building
               | built is just used for money laundering. That's just
               | silly.
               | 
               | As for structural safety, no one is arguing to reduce
               | building codes or safety regulations so that's just a
               | straw man argument. If an apartment building is built
               | unsafe then the government should have done a better job
               | inspecting and enforcing/expanding their regulations,
               | it's not really an argument to not build.
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | i meant "more likely" than a developer who is stupid.
               | There's lots of buildings that are built for cynical,
               | non-market related reasons.
        
           | blntechie wrote:
           | That's ridiculous. I can understand concerns about a dump
           | yard or a concert venue or an industrial plant coming next to
           | a residential suburban house but concerns about an apartment
           | ? There will be legitimate concerns like increased traffic,
           | increased enrollments in school district etc. which need to
           | be solved but not stopping an apartment coming up altogether.
           | 
           | Also it's unfair to ask the outside world around your house
           | to be frozen in time because you bought a house at a period
           | of time and setting which you liked.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | And when you cant solve those legitmate concerns?
             | 
             | Then you're stuck with an apartment complex you cant
             | afford, and people who live there still have to drive 20min
             | to get to amenities.
             | 
             | Source: I spent a hour in the morning, and an hour in the
             | afternoon every day on the school bus, because development
             | of apartments outpaced development of schools in my
             | community.
             | 
             | Also, 20min to drive out to parks, because development of
             | apartments outpaced development of parks and play fields
             | and gyms.
             | 
             | Its just as unfair to force people to move because you
             | don't like the way their community already is
        
           | djbebs wrote:
           | Well, if you want to control what can be built in the land
           | around you, you have a very simple solution.
           | 
           | Buy the land around you.
           | 
           | No need to restrict what others can do on their land or you
           | on yours
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | Is this related somehow to China refusing to take USA's recycling
       | material?
       | 
       | IIRC shipping recycled material was super cheap. So many empty
       | containers. Might as well fill them with something.
       | 
       | Why aren't empty containers shipped back to China? Boat has to go
       | back anyway, right?
       | 
       | Did the empty containers pile up because no one was willing to
       | pay to ship them back?
        
         | xuki wrote:
         | As I understand the shipping fee from China to the US is very
         | expensive right now, so ships don't want to wait for ports to
         | load empty containers on. They turn around ASAP to catch
         | another shipment from China, leaving all these empty containers
         | at destination ports.
        
           | rdtwo wrote:
           | Yep but every time you do that you basically permanently
           | leave extra containers state side. Might as well flatten them
           | because they will never go back
        
       | _3u10 wrote:
       | Wrong move. The container problem is way more of an effective
       | tariff on China than anything else we could think of.
       | 
       | The best part is every container impounded in the US is a drain
       | on destinations that aren't in the US like Europe.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | I guess this means you can't export either.
        
           | _3u10 wrote:
           | Nah, there's plenty of containers for that. If they want a
           | container they'll have to buy something.
        
         | CyanBird wrote:
         | Literally wrecking the entirety of global supply lines in order
         | to "spite" "Chyna"
         | 
         | How petty can US citizens be?
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | Well now you can stack even more containers in Long Beach. Just
         | sitting there. Doing nothing.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > This is not a comprehensive list. Please add to it. We don't
       | need to do the best ideas. We need to do ALL the ideas.
       | 
       | Had me up to this point. Let's not do ALL the ideas, let's have
       | someone with authority and decision making skills make a judgment
       | call with the best information available at the time. I assume he
       | really means "all the best ideas", but it's worth saying that we
       | shouldn't panic and just do anything someone yells loudly.
        
         | Jolter wrote:
         | "Don't just do something! Stand there!"
        
       | peter_retief wrote:
       | Wow this could be really serious, who could have predicted the
       | world economy could crash on too many containers brought on by an
       | epidemic.
        
       | vallard wrote:
       | Is this how Ready Player One started?
        
       | marsven_422 wrote:
       | Why is there a none saftey related stacking limit at all?
        
       | throwaway9870 wrote:
       | It is embarrassing for the country that a CEO from a company had
       | to discover and report this rather than someone from the govt
       | doing their job. When I see people write "late stage capitalism",
       | I actually wonder if we aren't in "late stage US govt". They had
       | it too easy for too long and have forgotten how to do their jobs.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | What I would like to know is how it ever got to this breaking
       | point? Is there no planning for such cases or continuous
       | optimization? Or were plans presented to the government which
       | just sat on it until it was too late?
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | My mental model is that regulations are decided on through a
         | political process, and then no one looks at them until it
         | becomes a political issue again.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | zoning is very easy for local busybodies to capture, since
           | normal people don't have time to give a crap (work to do,
           | errands to run, kids to take care of, etc.). and those
           | busybodies with the most time (older, wealthier) want very
           | restrictive zoning. (see also: HOA regulations). the
           | particular issue here is defined by local zoning.
           | 
           | Japan managed to arrest housing prices by moving zoning
           | definition to national rather than local level, where local
           | busybodies do not have the critical mass needed to do
           | regulatory capture. Local areas can still decide what zoning
           | to put where, but it's not nearly as ridiculously specific as
           | American zoning can be. (e.g. you can sell lemonade out of
           | your driveway, but not craft beer; or you can't run a hair
           | salon, but you can run a daycare from your house, but only if
           | you watch a maximum of five kids. etc.) California is now
           | trying a similar tack by loosening zoning regulations at the
           | state level.
        
             | tjr225 wrote:
             | What does any of this have to do with zoning?
        
               | derekdahmer wrote:
               | The height that containers can be stacked on sites in
               | Long Beach outside of the Port of Long Beach are governed
               | by the city's zoning regulations. Until today the limit
               | was 2 containers, and all of the sites were occupied so
               | there was literally no more capacity in the entire city
               | to store empty containers.
               | 
               | Today the 2 container limit was temporarily suspended
               | which essentially raises the limit to 6 containers - the
               | max height at which most stackers operate. That's a 3x
               | increase in empty container storage capacity which should
               | give the system some wiggle room.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | willmadden wrote:
       | It seems like the Flexport CEO made this happen. Good on him.
       | What an idiotic, self-inflicted wound. Regulation needs to crawl
       | out of the stone ages.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | I thought that Flexport CEO's tweet stream was really great - had
       | a ton of insightful, first hand information and made the problem
       | very clear. Especially import was the feedback loops showing how
       | the system was essentially deadlocked, in the classical sense of
       | the term.
        
         | pchristensen wrote:
         | I work at Flexport, Ryan is the real deal.
        
           | presidentender wrote:
           | At my last employer, we lost a ton of engineering candidates
           | to Flexport - it was frustrating because we'd try to
           | articulate the scope of the opportunity, but some combination
           | of what Flexport is doing and the recruiting process meant
           | you guys would win every time.
        
             | pchristensen wrote:
             | I wouldn't want to compete with Flexport on "scope of
             | opportunity". It's like AWS 10 years ago.
             | 
             | Happy hunting!
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | > Especially import was the feedback loops showing how the
         | system was essentially deadlocked, in the classical sense of
         | the term.
         | 
         | This whole situation would make a great "systems design"-level
         | tech interview question!
        
         | aerosmile wrote:
         | The guy is a bad ass. If he wanted to run for President, he
         | would win. I am really not exaggerating - I had a chance to
         | meet him a few years back, and at that time he was the most
         | impressive person I had talked to in person for an extended
         | amount of time (not based on credentials or achievement, but
         | simply based on clarity of thought and new ways of thinking). I
         | also know that PG rates him incredibly highly.
         | 
         | To give you a taste, this is him 3 years ago:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjUs7o-TnjY. I remember
         | watching that video the first time and being particularly
         | struck by his insight on how entrepreneurial sales is different
         | from regular sales [1], which I have been able to apply since
         | then on a regular basis.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/hjUs7o-TnjY?t=2499
        
           | jeffypoo wrote:
           | I was an early customer of Flexport and got to talk to him on
           | a number of occasions. I felt the same way about him. Total
           | beast.
        
           | quotemstr wrote:
           | > If he wanted to run for President, he would win
           | 
           | Yes. It would be great to have non-ideological leadership
           | focused on solving practical problems instead of waging
           | culture war.
        
             | coolso wrote:
             | > waging There's nothing wrong with pushing back, though.
        
             | JaimeThompson wrote:
             | Please expand on what you mean by "culture war"
        
               | Cipater wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_war
        
               | JaimeThompson wrote:
               | As of late their has been a bit of a disturbing trend to
               | ignore everything before the past 5 to 10 years, that is
               | why I ask such questions.
        
           | babypuncher wrote:
           | Please no more CEOs running for president. The government is
           | not a business.
        
             | aerosmile wrote:
             | After four years of Trump, I know where you're coming from.
             | But you're projecting the moral and ethical values of one
             | person to millions of people.
             | 
             | Here's the thing - I've run startups that had a strong
             | business, and those that haven't. While I would believe
             | that my fundamental values never changed, I can tell you
             | that I was far more tested in situations when we were
             | running out of money than when we had 8 figures in our bank
             | account. For example, how do you design a paid leave
             | policy? With 8 figures in the bank, you really have to be a
             | psychopath not to leaning on the generous side. But when
             | you don't know if you can do the next payroll and the
             | financial security of 100 people hinges on you hitting the
             | next month's target... and then someone tells you about a
             | family member who just passed away... Sometimes there are
             | no good solutions, and you want to avoid getting yourself
             | in those situations. So ironically, a hard-hitting CEO can
             | sometimes lead to a better paid leave policy than a startup
             | run by the most empathetic social worker in the world.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | who would you rather have? a politician...?
        
             | The_Amp_Walrus wrote:
             | The government is not a business, but people can adapt,
             | learn and re-purpose their skills. I think that the key,
             | mistaken, assumption that you're making in your pushback is
             | that general competence does not exist: people who are good
             | at business are hyper-specialised for that environment and
             | their skills will not carry over to governance. I think
             | some people are really good at very general, cross-domain
             | skills and should be put in positions to use their skills
             | effectively.
        
             | csee wrote:
             | Please no more lawyers running for president.
             | 
             | A CEO who built or run an actual value-adding business (e.g
             | Flexport) probably has more integrity, intelligence and
             | aptitude than the average lawyer-who-seeks-politics who
             | very often turn out to be snakes.
        
           | joecool1029 wrote:
           | >The guy is a bad ass. If he wanted to run for President, he
           | would win.
           | 
           | It's interesting to note that we _had_ a president like this,
           | and that was Herbert Hoover. Hoover 's claim to fame before
           | being elected president was saving Belgium from starvation
           | during WWI[1], the dude deeply understood logistics and had
           | lots of connections so was able to negotiate with all the
           | parties to get humanitarian relief and set up his own NGO. I
           | picked this up from reading this biography of him.[2]
           | Unfortunately he's become only associated with fumbling the
           | Great Depression.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1989/sprin
           | g/h... [2] https://smile.amazon.com/Hoover-Extraordinary-
           | Life-Times/dp/...
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | A very interesting guy, for sure. People respected his
             | acumen, but no one seems to have liked the guy. Like a
             | surprising number of presidents, he basically lucked into
             | the job.
             | 
             | I thought the humorous podcast American Presidents: Totalus
             | Rankium had an excellent two-parter on him:
             | 
             | Part 1: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-64j34-f045e3 Part 2:
             | https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-zsqhc-f1a4af
        
             | jrumbut wrote:
             | Jimmy Carter was the other engineer-president. His post-
             | presidential career has burnished his image a bit but on
             | the whole engineers who become president haven't been too
             | popular.
             | 
             | I've been meaning to read that Hoover biography forever.
        
             | viburnum wrote:
             | Hoover didn't just fumble it, he was absolutely committed
             | to passivity. If only he had shown the same determination
             | that he had for postwar relief.
        
               | G3rn0ti wrote:
               | > Hoover ... committed to passivity
               | 
               | That's a legend that is in fact not true. He actually
               | laid the ground for most of Roosevelt's ,,New Deal"
               | policies. These policies were likely ill-conceived and
               | turned a bad recession into decade long depression.
               | 
               | https://www.history.com/news/great-depression-herbert-
               | hoover...
               | 
               | https://mises.org/library/great-depression
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | Why is it temporary? What are the negative effects of suspending
       | the limitations?
        
         | lostapathy wrote:
         | Wind, earthquakes, or accidents knocking the stacks over is a
         | concern, I don't know how real it is though.
        
         | pasiaj wrote:
         | I'm not an expert in this field but I know from experience that
         | when converting buildings into logistics warehouses, the
         | limiting variable most often is the carrying capacity of the
         | floor.
         | 
         | I assume this is be the biggest risk factor that relates to
         | lifting these limitations. The ground might not have the
         | carrying capacity required for the loads that stacked
         | containers can create.
         | 
         | Also, I'm sure nobody wants their view blocked by container
         | stacks 5 high.
        
       | IronWolve wrote:
       | The ceo of flexport rented a boat and toured the area and
       | reported on issues people saw and reported to him. Very
       | informative.
       | 
       | Tweet thread @
       | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1451543776992845834
       | 
       | Or threadreader
       | 
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1451543776992845834.html
        
         | rdtwo wrote:
         | The renting a boat thing seems like a show. Hes got experts
         | that should already know these things from other data sources.
         | The boat thing is for simpletons in media to understand and
         | spin
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | The boat tour seemed like much more than a PR show to me.
           | There's a lot of power in (a) seeing things in person to add
           | context to the understanding you've built remotely, and (b)
           | talking to people on the ground who are first-hand experts on
           | what's working and what's not.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | There are a lot of broken industries/companies in which
           | "experts" don't know shit besides what they learned in school
           | from people with no actual hands on experience. Talking to
           | the people on the job can be very efficient, I've seen it
           | many times; people on top can be so full of themselves that
           | they don't even want to accept they can be wrong.
           | 
           | A collection of workers who know their shit will always be
           | much more valuable than an expert looking at graphs from his
           | office if you know how to interact with them
           | 
           | Since it's on Twitter it's obviously partly a PR move but I
           | wouldn't be surprised if it actually happened
        
           | raegis wrote:
           | It is interesting to see this up close, from a human
           | perspective. I was on a boat to Long Beach from Catalina last
           | month, and the container ships are just everywhere. I counted
           | 25 in view from the just right side of the boat. Very spooky.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Taking time to stop and look at a problem is for simpletons?
           | I don't think thats right.
        
         | HenryKissinger wrote:
         | Some of these comments make sense, but this guy loves
         | hyperbole.
         | 
         | > This is a negative feedback loop that is rapidly cycling out
         | of control that if it continues unabated will destroy the
         | global economy.
         | 
         | No, the global economy won't be destroyed because of backed up
         | cargo ships in LA/Long Beach. Don't be ridiculous Ryan.
        
           | bart_spoon wrote:
           | It's not just LA and Long Beach though. Similar problems are
           | happening at a lot of major ports, at least in the US.
        
       | rajacombinator wrote:
       | No real cost, no real pain, for those making decisions - no
       | proper decisions. No surprise.
        
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