[HN Gopher] How is bamboo lumber made? (2016)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How is bamboo lumber made? (2016)
        
       Author : tomthe
       Score  : 329 points
       Date   : 2021-10-22 05:15 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bambooimport.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bambooimport.com)
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | How does it compare to spruce/pine/fir in terms of environmental
       | footprint for the same yield?
        
         | for1nner wrote:
         | Well we know that bamboo harvesting is more
         | sustainable/renewable than wood harvesting (note the 4-5 years
         | time to yield vs... orders of magnitude difference with trees,
         | among other things).
         | 
         | But I'm guessing your question is more about the processing of
         | that bamboo (chemical and energy to produce):
         | 
         | https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/environmental-im...
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | Thanks for the link. But I'm curious about the first part
           | now. Why does yield time matter if you have all the empty
           | land you could possibly need?
           | 
           | Indeed this matters for regional supply and reducing
           | shipping. But does it matter for other reasons I'm not
           | thinking of?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Some past related threads:
       | 
       |  _Why isn 't bamboo wood a bigger industry?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18844258 - Jan 2019 (98
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Bali's 'magic' bamboo homes [video]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18521724 - Nov 2018 (78
       | comments)
       | 
       | Then there were these:
       | 
       |  _Bikes built from Bamboo_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2846074 - Aug 2011 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Bamboo Bikes_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=683085 -
       | July 2009 (4 comments)
       | 
       |  _From bush to bike - bamboo bicycles_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=682329 - July 2009 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Bamboo Bike Maker Grows His Frames, Bonsai Style_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=316325 - Sept 2008 (1
       | comment)
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I wonder how long does take for bamboo to grow and if it can grow
       | in US and Europe. Maybe it's economically viable to grow bamboo
       | instead of cutting down trees.
        
         | artificialLimbs wrote:
         | The bamboo in our yard in Arkansas is about 30 ft tall already,
         | only a couple years old. Pine is much softer and easier to work
         | with as a general wood.
        
         | t-3 wrote:
         | There are actually American bamboos:
         | 
         | https://www.guaduabamboo.com/blog/american-bamboo-species
         | 
         | https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2017/6/26/north-ameri...
        
         | ben_bai wrote:
         | Yes it grows in US/Europe. I only have experience with smaller
         | forms (1inch, 2.5cm diameter).
         | 
         | It's fast growing and spreads like crazy. Be careful with
         | bamboo in your garden, it'll shoot out underground and
         | resurface couple meters (yards) away from the main plant if you
         | don't encase it in concrete.
         | 
         | Now if it yields more then a fast growing tree? Don't know.
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | Growing bamboo is illegal in my North American municipality
           | because it spreads so quickly beyond property lines.
        
           | coldcode wrote:
           | There are types of bamboo that do not spread like that.
        
             | brensmith wrote:
             | Yes to this! Bamboo root structure (rhizomes) can be broken
             | down into two basic types, leptomorph and pachymorph.
             | Bamboo that belong to the leptomorph rhizome group can grow
             | many feet over a growing season, and have buds along their
             | length that will grow into new rhizomes or culms (shoots).
             | These are the classic runaway bamboo that folks worry
             | about. Bamboo that have pachymorph rhizomes will (each one)
             | grow into a culm and are thus much slower to spread around
             | your garden. More like a clumping bush. I grow bamboo as a
             | hobby in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, and
             | currently have about thirty bamboo plants of 10 different
             | types growing in pots in my yard. I'm waiting to plant them
             | in the ground at my next house for when I have root
             | barriers to prevent the leptomorphs from spreading too
             | quickly!
        
         | throwaway743 wrote:
         | Kinda sorta off topic, but recently, to my surprise, learned
         | that every continent, except Europe and Antarctica, has at
         | least one native bamboo species. Pretty neat
        
       | tunnuz wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing this, really interesting.
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | "Because laminated bamboo panels consist of individual strips,
       | they show less swelling and shrinkage than solid wood panels."
       | 
       | As a layperson this kind of statement could as easily have said
       | "they show _more_ swelling " and I would have been equally as
       | credulous.
        
         | rabf wrote:
         | Wood does indeed expand and contract a lot due to changes in
         | humidity. The expansion and contraction is far greater in
         | certain directions and will vary according to species and how
         | the grain is orientated in a particular board.
         | 
         | Laminiating strips or sheets in addition to the strength from
         | the glue (typically in plywoods this is done with perpendiclar
         | grain directions) can counter this.
         | 
         | For a solid wood panel door for example you really want a very
         | stable hardwood species for the frame and for the panels to be
         | fitted without glue into recesses with room for them to expand
         | and contract.
        
       | hyuuu wrote:
       | I wonder what kind of glue it uses, it's used in all of the
       | processes
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | Yeah, I was surprised too. They talk about a lot about the
         | bamboo part but not at all about the glue part. And the glue
         | part is certainly the most problematic one. Also, but that may
         | be too much interpretation, you'll notice that the dirtier the
         | place/the job; the more you see women on the pictures.
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | Specifically, formaldehyde-based glues.
         | 
         | "Most manufactured wood building materials contain one of these
         | two types of formaldehyde-based glues:
         | 
         | * Phenol-formaldehyde (PF)
         | 
         | * Urea-formaldehyde (UF).
         | 
         | Its water resistant properties make phenol-formaldehyde glue
         | more effective for production of exterior wood materials. Urea-
         | formaldehyde glue, cheaper and less tolerant of excessive
         | moisture, is most often used for interior materials including
         | wall paneling, flooring and cabinetry. "
         | 
         | More details here:
         | http://www.healthyhouseinstitute.com/hhip-780-Formaldehyde-B...
        
         | farmerstan wrote:
         | Formaldehyde. It's actually pretty unenvironmental. Because it
         | uses formaldehyde and other chemicals, you can't sand or
         | refinish bamboo, and the dust is extremely hazardous.
        
           | exochrono wrote:
           | I just looked this up since I have bamboo floors I'm
           | considering refinishing, and this resource[0] seems reputable
           | and indicates that it's very doable but you should wear PPE
           | to protect yourself.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.flooringstores.com/blog/refinish-bamboo-
           | flooring...
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | PPE is recommended for pretty much any wood dust at this
             | point.
        
           | zwaps wrote:
           | How is the fire protection of bamboo compared to other woods?
        
       | senectus1 wrote:
       | I would love to know if there are any "hobby" communities for
       | "doing things" with bamboo.
       | 
       | I'd love to pot some of the fast growing stuff at home and
       | harvest it to muck around with.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | The simplest thing (survival stuff) is you can cut a section
         | leaving one node (I think it is called?) and use it as a cup /
         | water heating vessel, or keep 2 nodes turn it 90 degrees and
         | cut a hole in the top and you have something to cook in. Using
         | a knife you can fashion a spoon for eating what you cooked.
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | In the places where bamboo grows natively, it is used
         | extensively, but typically not for long-term structural
         | applications as bamboo is susceptible to rot and insect
         | infestation.
         | 
         | But it forms decorative elements: fencing, window blinds, or
         | window framing[0]. Also tools like sumisashi (an ink pen) or
         | poles for carrying things. Even scaffolding even on high
         | rises![1]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.dreamstime.com/japanese-windows-bamboo-strips-
         | ba...
         | 
         | [1] http://actuallyshop.blogspot.com/2013/01/hong-kong-bamboo-
         | sc...
        
         | aspaviento wrote:
         | There must be for sure but one who has impressed me already
         | with all the things he does with bamboo is this man
         | https://youtube.com/c/%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E...
        
         | Datagenerator wrote:
         | This was our bummer of this year. We bought eighth small bamboo
         | plants and expected to be busy on containing the natural
         | explosive growth they should show. What happened was the
         | opposite, small and no sign of growth. After some digging this
         | retailer sells genetically modified versions which cannot
         | grow.. Now we are looking for proper natural versions to plant
         | these next year. So if you want to hear and see large patches
         | of bamboo ask the retailer for unmodified plants. Naive and
         | uninformed I tried to find seeds but bamboo doesn't have them?
         | If someone can share some light on how to how grow them please
         | chime in.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | You get a piece of root (rhizome) from a living plant and
           | transplant that.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Naive and uninformed I tried to find seeds but bamboo
           | doesn't have them?
           | 
           | Bamboo certainly does have seeds. Bamboo blooms are big
           | events.
           | 
           | Blooms are big events because bamboo will go several decades
           | at a time without blooming. But it has seeds.
        
         | LesZedCB wrote:
         | like DIY bamboo bicycle frames?
         | 
         | https://bamboobicycleclub.org/
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | One thing to note is that bamboo is hilariously invasive.
         | moreso than japanese knot weed.
         | 
         | Its has two modes of propagation: spreading its roots(rhsomes)
         | or, at the end of it's life flowering and setting seeds.
         | 
         | So, you should be able to dig up a good chunk of root (dinner
         | plate size) and propagate from that.
         | 
         | A good tool to have is a sharp billhook. its good for managing
         | roots and branches.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | You'd probably spend half your time mucking around with how to
         | manufacture lumber. That might be fun on its own, just expect
         | projects to take twice as long.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | batushka3 wrote:
       | There is more glue than bamboo in the bamboo products, but thaks
       | to the marketing department they are ECO, and friendly and yada
       | yada... Just look at the proces to get decent thich board/beam.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Isn't this the same with e.g. MDF and other wood composites?
         | 
         | What glue is used, and how does it break down when exposed to
         | the elements?
        
           | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
           | It's hard to figure out because they don't want you to know
           | because they'd really, really prefer people to think of it as
           | "bamboo" rather than "unrecyclable bamboo/petrochemical glue
           | composite"
        
         | nuerow wrote:
         | Engineered lumber (MDF, OSB, glulam... all of them actually)
         | also involves the same glues and chemical treatments used in
         | bamboo, and both use formaldehide-based glues which are known
         | carcinogens.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | Would lignin-based glues be a suitable alternative in terms
           | of cost, effectiveness and long-term reliability (stability)
           | or hasn't there been sufficient development to make them
           | viable yet?
           | 
           | Alternatively, could we revert back to safer traditional
           | animal-based glues as a practical/viable option? That said,
           | I'd guess that these days cost would be prohibitive as well
           | as having environmental concerns not to mention their long-
           | term reliability in that composites made with them may be
           | prone to delamination, etc. (my experience is that animal
           | glues get brittle with age).
           | 
           | In a similar vein, one of the major problems with MDF, medium
           | density fiberboard/particleboard, is the fact that the amount
           | of binder used is quite inadequate which means that it has
           | limited durability/lifespan. This is a two-edged sword of
           | course, the more binder the more expensive it will be but its
           | durability will be increased; on the other hand, unless the
           | binder is environmentally friendly then sooner or later we'll
           | have a polution problem. Nevertheless, the high-grade high-
           | density stuff can be extraordinarily durable (thus it's much
           | less likely to end up in landfills). It seems to me that we
           | urgently need new very durable glues and binders that are
           | also cheap, safe and environmentally friendly.
           | 
           | That logically segues into the matter of artificial wood. I
           | know, that process has been pitifully slow for obvious
           | reasons but it seems to me we need a solution urgently as
           | we're fast running out of both building and cabinet-quality
           | grade lumber.
           | 
           |  _(Whilst, we may be able to keep up supply with fast growing
           | building-grade lumber such as pinus radiata (and importantly
           | bamboo), quality timbers are in desperately short supply and
           | will continue to be so into the foreseeable future. For
           | example, we 've precious little of timbers such as
           | sandalwood, lignum vitae, ebony, and various Dalbergia genus
           | rosewoods (retusa/Cocobolo, nigra/Brazilian rosewood,
           | melanoxylon/African blackwood, etc.), as many take several
           | hundred years to mature and no one had the foresight to plant
           | forests of them back in the 18th Century! Thus, all of them
           | are on the CITIES watchlist for good reason and have been so
           | for decades.
           | 
           | Moreover, they're essentially unprocurable for any practical
           | purpose, and even if you can buy small quantities of them
           | legally, then they're hideously expensive. For instance,
           | African blackwood costs a fortune at well over $10,000/cubic
           | meter, and when it comes to sandalwood we actually buy it by
           | the gram ($85/100g): https://ventured.com/most-expensive-
           | woods-in-the-world/
           | 
           | Thus, there is no solution other than to artificially
           | manufacture+ excellent, high quality, chemically-similar
           | (complete with lignin, cellulose, etc.) facsimilies of these
           | wonderful and very beautiful timbers.
           | 
           | __
           | 
           | + Even if we're still a long way off from having artificial
           | timber as a practical reality, there seems to be an obvious
           | way forward for at least part of the manufacturing process -
           | that of additive manufacturing/3D printing, as the number of
           | textures and designs it affords are essentially endless._
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | Why isn't there more of an uproar about this?
        
             | DoneWithAllThat wrote:
             | Uproar about what?
        
             | reportingsjr wrote:
             | Because people like low cost stuff. You can buy
             | formaldehyde free plywood and MDF, but wow it's expensive
             | compared to the formaldehyde containing products!
             | 
             | Vinyl flooring that has become very, very popular recently
             | is probably worse than wood composites with regards to air
             | quality and overall toxic effects.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, a lot of the effects from these materials
             | aren't immediate and typically don't affect a large portion
             | of the population, so it can be hard to get people to
             | realize it's bad on a large scale.
             | 
             | There has been more of a focus on indoor air quality over
             | the last decade, I expect that to continue and that we'll
             | see more of a push for materials that have better air
             | quality properties.
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | Uproar usually begins with the results of research and
             | reports. That research and those reports typically
             | originate from wherever the money is. That money typically
             | originates from a new competitor entering the market, or
             | from an established competitor trying to force change in
             | market forces by affecting demand for the products being
             | reported on.
             | 
             | Occasionally uproar originates from someone's personal
             | motivation, but that requires a rare alignment of drive,
             | capability and charisma.
        
             | legohead wrote:
             | I'm not sure what nuerow was trying to say. Carcinogens
             | aren't bad for you simply by looking at them. And it's
             | widely known and often repeated to use respirators when
             | cutting MDF.
             | 
             | Now is the creation of the glue environmentally unfriendly?
             | I don't know.
        
               | nuerow wrote:
               | > _I 'm not sure what nuerow was trying to say.
               | Carcinogens aren't bad for you simply by looking at them.
               | And it's widely known and often repeated to use
               | respirators when cutting MDF._
               | 
               | In case you are not aware, engineered lumber, whether
               | used as structural elements, finishings, or even
               | furniture, continuously releases formaldehyde into the
               | environment. Consequently, there are health and safety
               | guidelines to minimize exposure, which depending on the
               | jurisdiction can vary around 0.03ppm and 0.01 ppm.
               | 
               | Those who handle MDF in industrial contexts need to take
               | a lot of precautions to be safe regarding the half dozen
               | types of cancer linked with it's exposure, but the risk
               | isn't limited to that context. Risk is determined by the
               | degree of exposure, and lower-level but continuous
               | exposure throughout longer time periods, which happens
               | when you stay home, also presents a serious health risk.
        
       | mhb wrote:
       | Grandpa Amu makes items with bamboo:
       | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=grandpa+amu+bam...
        
       | dan353hehe wrote:
       | This probably made it to the front page because of yesterdays
       | discussion on Hardend Wood. [1]
       | 
       | In my mind I can see bamboo lumber just made with the Hardened
       | Wood process being extra "green" as no glue would be required.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28945312
        
         | kleton wrote:
         | If you were doing the hardened wood process on it, you wouldn't
         | even have to wait 4 years for the culm to lignify, since you
         | were just going to delignify it with a hot chemical bath.
        
           | dan353hehe wrote:
           | Yep. I saw a sibling comment after I posted that mentioned
           | that. It seems like a nice way to skip an additional step!
           | Thanks for point that out!
           | 
           | Also during the 4 year wait for it to harden it doesn't
           | increase in size. So there wouldn't be a decrease in the
           | amount of bamboo harvested, it would just allow it to be
           | harvested every year instead of every 4.
        
             | Cerium wrote:
             | Bamboo is already harvest every year. Every year new shoots
             | come up out of the ground. The shoots start to form in the
             | winter about one meter away from mature culms. In the
             | spring the shoots emerge from the ground and quickly grow
             | to full height. Changing the harvest schedule will not
             | increase the availability of bamboo, since already all new
             | culms are harvest, just after they become four years old -
             | the system is steady state.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | Exactly, and during years two and three the culms are
               | adding energy back into the rhizome/root system enabling
               | future shoots to emerge.
        
               | dan353hehe wrote:
               | Interesting! I didn't know that. Thanks for the
               | correction!
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | Somewhat related, there are these amazing homes in Bali made of
       | (treated) bamboo. I believe they are treated by soaking them in a
       | boron solution which results in better resistance to decay and
       | insects.
       | 
       | https://greenvillagebali.com/
        
       | colinb wrote:
       | My standing desk top, a Fully Jarvis, is made from bamboo.
       | 
       | Comparing the illustrations in TFA to the thing I'm leaning on, I
       | think it is constructed of a core of side-pressed pieces, with a
       | thin layer of plain-pressed pieces giving the working surface and
       | underside.
       | 
       | I've had it for < 1 year. It is a little soft, and shows dents
       | and scratches where I set down moderately heavy objects with too
       | much force, but it still looks nice. I guess I can think of the
       | marks as evidence of actual use and life.
        
         | etrautmann wrote:
         | Almost all wooden surfaces will show dings and dents from heavy
         | objects. Denser woods with a matte finish will show them less
         | of course, but it's inevitable.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | I installed all bamboo flooring in my house and then threw a
           | party... some woman who was at the party was wearing 6" heels
           | and after the party my floor was dimpled all over... she
           | apparently walked like five miles within my living room,
           | dining room, kitchen...
        
             | dublin wrote:
             | Interestingly, floor decks in airliners and load floors in
             | military cargo aircraft are made from a composite of an
             | aluminum skin and very high-quality end-grain balsa wood
             | panels, laminated together in a huge press with film
             | adhesives. (Used to be called Metalite by LTV, who made the
             | stuff for lots of other aircraft companies...) It's lighter
             | and stronger than any synthetic composite for that
             | application. Load floors obviously need to take huge abuse,
             | but still be light, and women's stilletto heels are famous
             | for being able to exert several thousand pounds of force
             | (dynamically) in a tiny area.
             | 
             | FYI, women are also really hard on touchscreens - fake
             | nails/nail polish is the hardest and most abrasive thing
             | they come in contact with over their life except for drops
             | on pavement. It's the main reason all decent touchscreens
             | now have glass top layers.
        
             | woobar wrote:
             | Interesting. Bamboo flooring usually has higher Janka
             | rating then other wood used for flooring.
        
               | varelse wrote:
               | Same nonsense I was told when I put in bamboo flooring.
               | In my case it was destroyed by the late night shenanigans
               | of an 11 lb cat. I think hardwood comes with its own
               | tragedy at no extra cost. What we need is a flooring
               | material that acquires character as people walk on it and
               | scratch it. Edit: And it turns out we have it.
               | 
               | https://www.sheogaflooring.com/flooring/textured-
               | flooring/
        
         | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
         | Your desk is made from a manufactured bamboo composite
        
         | muro wrote:
         | Same here (same desk). Whenever my kids drop something heavier
         | on the surface, it leaves deep marks. It's the most easily
         | damaged surface we have at home. Does look nice where there are
         | no marks :)
        
         | roland35 wrote:
         | If it makes you feel any better my solid "hardwood" workbench
         | from Gladiator (purchased at Lowes) I use as a standing desk
         | also has some dings and dents! I also figure it's part of the
         | charm.
        
       | 123pie123 wrote:
       | >Strand woven bamboo panels are available in a maximum thickness
       | of 20 mm, otherwise they would become too heavy
       | 
       | Does anyone know what this refers to? too heavy for what??
        
         | willyt wrote:
         | Safety regulations say that one person should not lift more
         | than 25kgs unaided. Obviously people can lift more than this, I
         | remember hefting 50kg bags of sand around in the 90's but it's
         | not great for your back.
        
         | yarcob wrote:
         | I assume they just mean that they get too heavy for practical
         | use. They stated that they offer boards with a thickness of
         | 30-40mm, they just don't offer panels of that thickness.
         | 
         | At a density of 1200kg/m2 it's almost twice as dense as some
         | other hard woods like walnut (~650kg/m2) or particle board
         | (~700kg/m2).
         | 
         | I guess for a kitchen countertop it wouldn't matter (stone
         | countertops are popular and even heavier), but for most
         | furniture it would probably be just way too heavy to be
         | practical. Someone needs to be able to carry your furniture :)
        
         | robinduckett wrote:
         | Maybe too heavy to support its own weight?
        
         | praestigiare wrote:
         | At 1200kg/m2, a standard 4x8 (120x240) panel at 20mm is already
         | over 60kg. This is double the weight of a softwood panel of
         | equivalent thickness.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | What about bamboo clothing?
        
       | willvarfar wrote:
       | A general question: how does forestry avoid degrading the soil?
       | If you keep removing the plants that grow, rather than allowing
       | them to rot and return the nutrients they sucked up during their
       | lifetime back the soil, do the trees steadily grow worse until it
       | is no longer profitable and you have to go grow trees somewhere
       | else?
        
         | tuatoru wrote:
         | Most of the non-cellulose elements (the ones nneeded for life)
         | are in the outer layers of the tree.
         | 
         | Modern forestry machines strip off the bark and a little of the
         | phloem (the living layer) _in situ_.
         | 
         | But yeah, there is a slow loss. Partly made up by the
         | micrometeorite dust that falls everywhere, and in some places
         | by dusts from other places. For example, the Amazon rainforset
         | is replenished from the Sahara.
         | 
         | Deciduous forests are better at this. Deep tree roots break
         | down rocks in the subsoil, recovering minerals that way, and
         | leaf fall creates a realtively rich soil. Undisturbed virgin
         | deciduous forests with deep soils have near 100% mineral
         | recycling. The micrometeorite dust makes up the rest.
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | Tree bulk comes from the air, not the soil.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | And the next most significant macronutrient is
           | nitrogen/potassium. Aka: typical fertilizer.
        
             | Ma8ee wrote:
             | The right plants catches nitrogen from the air. Fungus and
             | microorganisms make minerals, like potassium, available
             | from sand and rocks.
             | 
             | This works great until someone destroys the soil by killing
             | all microorganisms with pesticides or fertilisers. Forests
             | are very good at producing a lot of biomass without help
             | fertilisers, even when a lot of trees are "harvested".
        
           | vinhboy wrote:
           | I don't know why, but it took me years to internalize this...
           | lol...
        
             | riffraff wrote:
             | likewise, took me years to internalize that when you're
             | losing weight, you're breathing and pissing most of it: you
             | burn C+H+O compounds, and expel CO2 and H20.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | Yeah I mean, there's barely any solid residue when you
               | burn fuel in your car when you think about it. There's
               | some (carbon), but most is converted to CO2 and H2O.
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | With credit to the other posters here, who do give correct
         | answers as to how forestry is less destructive to the soil than
         | other crops,....
         | 
         | and assuming a clearcut/monoculture approach to tree farming
         | (because the comp to foodcrop agriculture also ignores
         | regernerative/permaculture techniques)
         | 
         | forestry is massively disruptive to the soil, because it
         | obliterates the ecosystem/community which allows forests to
         | produce so much biomass.
         | 
         | also, because the harvest cycle is measured in decades rather
         | than years, the soil destruction also happens at a slower rate.
         | Doesn't mean it isn't as destructive per harvest cycle, just
         | that the cycle rate is slower.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Wood is mostly cellulose (which is all carbon, hydrogen, and
         | oxygen). There's some calcium and potassium, but not _that_
         | much. You are correct that it 's not entirely renewable.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Not sure what you mean by renewable? Would carbon, hydrogen
           | and oxygen be more renewable than calcium and potassium? They
           | are all just elements we have a lot of on earth.
           | 
           | And those elements don't get used up. Toss your wood on a
           | compost pile, and you can re-use them?
        
             | lopis wrote:
             | The way the wood is treated, it can't just be composted. It
             | contains too many chemicals that would contaminate the
             | floor. You can't compost furniture.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Sorry, compost was perhaps the wrong word. I meant,
               | getting at the atoms ain't that hard.
        
             | kenneth wrote:
             | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen come from the air, and are
             | infinitely distributed around the earth via the atmosphere.
             | Calcium and Potassium aren't.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Yes, they got dig up somewhere. (Or you could filter them
               | out of seawater.) I don't see any conceptual difference.
               | 
               | The atmosphere ain't actually infinite.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | " Calcium and Potassium aren't."
               | 
               | But they are allmost unlimited in the ground. A intact
               | forest, with deep roots in symbiosis with lots of fungi
               | and other microorganisms retrieves them and make them
               | avaiable to the rest of the forest via leave fall.
               | 
               | So taking out some trees at a time is sustainable.
               | Chopping down all of them, is not.
        
               | rini17 wrote:
               | Phosphorus would be better example. Even if you take only
               | part of organic matter away, as long as it's faster than
               | phosphorus availability from rock weathering, there's
               | going to be a reckoning eventually.
               | 
               | Sure it can be added via fertilizer...if we'll be able to
               | source such a quantity. It's not very abundant.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | Does anyone know if this can make decent furniture?
        
       | flimflamm wrote:
       | I wonder how much energy this consumes compared to traditional
       | wood equivalents?
        
         | Maxion wrote:
         | Land use at least is much more efficient when harvests are
         | every 4-5 years instead of every 40-80 years with spruce or
         | fir. Birch can be felled at around 55 years.
         | 
         | Normal wood is kiln dried similarly to bamboo, and glued panels
         | are done in a similar fashion.
         | 
         | Plywood is in a way more processed than bamboo.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | We could do the same process with fast growing bush-form
           | softwoods like poplar or willow that regenerate from roots.
           | 
           | In fact a stand of young poplars doesn't look too dissimilar
           | from a bamboo grove; lots of narrow straight trees.
           | 
           | I cut two dying poplars on my property a few years ago and
           | there's now a stand of dozens of 4" diameter smaller trees,
           | sprouted out from the root system.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
        
       | F_J_H wrote:
       | Related - cool "circular economy" company in Vancouver that
       | collects chopsticks from restaurants and, using a similar
       | process, makes some pretty amazing stuff: https://chopvalue.com/
        
         | JAlexoid wrote:
         | Considering how fast bamboo grows, this seems excessive.
         | 
         | They're not even saving energy in doing this. Mulching those
         | chopsticks would probably be much more energy efficient.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Bamboo is surprisingly expensive considering it is a C4
       | photosynthesis plant that grows very fast in the tropics and is
       | amenable to fully automated harvesting.
       | 
       | Anyone know why? Why is pine nearly 10x cheaper despite turning
       | less light into carbon, growing in places with less light,
       | requiring semi-manual harvesting and having a far longer plant-
       | to-harvest time?
        
       | leoedin wrote:
       | Has anyone worked with bamboo plywood? How does it compare to
       | other plywoods?
       | 
       | It doesn't appear (at least on the website linked) to be
       | particularly cheap - a full sheet of 20mm bamboo plywood is
       | almost EUR300! You could probably buy 3-5 sheets of 18mm baltic
       | birch for that price - hardly the cheap material they're
       | claiming.
       | 
       | I bought a cheap chair made of bamboo once and it was very soft -
       | it didn't give me the impression it would hold up very long.
       | Perhaps some of the processing steps for plywood improve that?
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Yeah I noticed the ads(?) at the bottom with the price. ~150
         | Euros for a square meter? Damn. It's probably cheaper in
         | China/Asia, but not here lol
        
           | anon_cow1111 wrote:
           | God, I remember working at one job where I saw a couple
           | stacks of metal come in on a nice sheet of 4x8 woven-bamboo
           | instead of a crappy wood pallet or plywood, I'm now kicking
           | myself for not grabbing them when I had the chance.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | Story time! My uncle had some contact in fruit shipping,
             | and noticed that this guy got pallets of mangoes (i think
             | it was) with bottom plate boards that were 3/4th inch
             | _mahogany_ plywood. They 'd been burning them as scrap.
             | 
             | He salvaged enough to roof his houses in barns near the
             | Florida coast and never worried about hurricanes. I have a
             | couple chunks of it that have outlived the steel frame of
             | the flatbed cargo trailer they're floor for.
        
         | yarcob wrote:
         | I've never worked with bamboo plywood, but the product on the
         | website looks like it should be compared with 20mm 3 ply wood
         | panels made from cut hard wood instead of the cheap ply wood
         | made from peeled wood.
         | 
         | So a better comparison would be something like [1], which is a
         | lot more expensive than standard birch plywood.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.arbeitsplatten-
         | shop.de/epages/61566463.sf/de_DE/...
        
           | lostapathy wrote:
           | Baltic birch isn't cheap plywood - it's good stuff.
        
             | yarcob wrote:
             | I'm not saying it's bad, I've used birch plywood myself and
             | I like it.
             | 
             | But you can't compare the 13 layer plywood made from peeled
             | wood with the stuff made from 3 layers of sawed wood. They
             | are completely different types of product, and the cost is
             | also very different.
             | 
             | Apart from mechanical properties, the 3 layer stuff is also
             | much nicer optically usually (eg. they use camera sorted
             | boards to achieve nice and even patterns). That's why it is
             | more expensive.
        
               | lostapathy wrote:
               | Birch plywood and baltic birch plywood are completely
               | different animals.
               | 
               | Regular birch plywood is indeed often the cheap stuff.
               | 
               | Baltic birch will be void-free and of a very consistent
               | quality and made from thinner veneers. It's much more
               | stable and high quality product, although you're correct
               | that it probably won't be as pretty on the surfaces.
        
               | yarcob wrote:
               | Too be honest I've never heard of "baltic birch" before
               | so I can't comment on how different it is from the normal
               | birch plywood we get here in EU.
               | 
               | I just googled it and saw that it looks exactly like the
               | birch plywood I have been using, so I assumed that it has
               | similar properties.
               | 
               | I consider birch to be "good" plywood, it's very easy to
               | work with, strong, and seems somewhat resilient to
               | warping. However, because the layers are so thin you
               | often end up breaking bits off when working on it with a
               | router, and the surface somehow doesn't get as smooth
               | when sanding.
               | 
               | The 3-layer boards (not sure what they are called in
               | English) seem to be easier to sand smooth, easier to
               | finish with oil, and are not as finicky when routing.
               | 
               | Just from looking at pictures, I'd assume the bamboo
               | boards are closer to the 3 layer stuff rather than the 13
               | layer stuff.
        
       | schainks wrote:
       | Beautiful bamboo home featured on TED and AppleTV, for reference:
       | https://ibuku.com/
       | 
       | Note, little to no bamboo lumber used.
       | 
       | I think these kinds of homes are an excellent idea for the
       | billion or two people living in suitable climate for it.
       | 
       | And maybe a bamboo lumber building can survive in harsher places,
       | too. We will need to experiment to find out.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | "I think these kinds of homes are an excellent idea for the
         | billion or two people living in suitable climate for it."
         | 
         | Yes, but people and bamboo have coexisted in these places for a
         | long time, and majority of buildings aren't made of bamboo. So
         | obviously other materials are cheaper/easier to work with
         | otherwise I suspect they would have selected it as building
         | material of choice.
        
       | rexreed wrote:
       | I posted this lower down as a comment, but some might be
       | interested to know what specific glue is being used:
       | 
       | Most manufactured wood building materials contain one of these
       | two types of formaldehyde-based glues:
       | 
       | * Phenol-formaldehyde (PF)
       | 
       | * Urea-formaldehyde (UF).
       | 
       | Its water resistant properties make phenol-formaldehyde glue more
       | effective for production of exterior wood materials. Urea-
       | formaldehyde glue, cheaper and less tolerant of excessive
       | moisture, is most often used for interior materials including
       | wall paneling, flooring and cabinetry.
       | 
       | In its natural state, softwood lumber emits a tiny amount of
       | formaldehyde. While PF-glued products typically emit 10 times the
       | formaldehyde outgassed by softwood, UF resins can release at
       | least 100 times more formaldehyde than the natural wood.
       | 
       | A typical particle-board subfloor made with UF glue can release
       | enough formaldehyde to result in a 0.3 ppm concentration of
       | formaldehyde in a room. For healthy people who are not bothered
       | by formaldehyde, the levels in softwood lumber and PF glue are
       | usually not considered a serious health problem.
       | 
       | UF glue, on the other hand, has been implicated is causing people
       | to become hypersensitive; a good reason for healthy people and
       | sensitive people to avoid UF glues altogether"
       | 
       | More details here:
       | http://www.healthyhouseinstitute.com/hhip-780-Formaldehyde-B...
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | As a further point to the above, while UF and PF are very
         | prevalent for engineered / manufactured woods and planks of all
         | types, it's possible to make manufactured bamboo planks without
         | the use of formaldehyde-based glues.
         | 
         | You need to look for "NAF" (No-Added Formaldehyde) tested and
         | certified bamboo products.
         | 
         | More details at
         | https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/frequently-asked-...
         | 
         | NAF glue alternatives and details:
         | https://amienvironmental.com/formaldehyde-free-adhesives/
        
         | sizzle wrote:
         | What's with the distinctly sweet wood smell when you buy Ikea
         | furniture, is it formaldehyde?
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Really neat article, love things like this on HN. I thought this
       | was really interesting:
       | 
       | > A bamboo stem reaches its maximum height in just a few months
       | and shall not grow taller or thicker over time. In the following
       | 4 years the fibers will "lignify" and get their extraordinary
       | mechanical properties in terms of hardness, strength, density.
       | 
       | That seems pretty fascinating to me. Are there any other
       | plants/trees that grow like that? I mean, from my naive
       | knowledge, trees go wider with a new ring every year.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Most trees won't grow that fast (well almost nothing grows as
         | fast as bamboo). Usually height of a plant or tree is
         | determined by the available shade (more shade, the more the
         | tree will try to climb above it), and available water. Less
         | water generally means shorter, and more (easy) sun usually
         | means shorter, though there is a huge genetic element of
         | course. Some trees will collect significant water from rain or
         | fog when it's hard to get water up the tree from their normal
         | transport methods (like redwoods) because of their height.
         | 
         | A normal tree (which is slow growing) typically will get taller
         | and wider each year until it starts maxing out something like
         | water transport, or dies due to disease and competition from
         | other trees.
         | 
         | The rings you are referring to are generally gathered from the
         | base of the tree as that is the part most likely to grow (for
         | sure). If you go to the top of the tree, it's a bit harder to
         | tell what has been going on.
         | 
         | And the ring itself is formed when the tree stops growing as
         | part of the yearly seasonal cycle.
         | 
         | Bamboo doesn't have rings.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Yes, I know and understand all that. The new information to
           | me was that, after shooting up quickly to its final height,
           | the bamboo basically just grows stronger and harder over the
           | next 4 years without changing its dimensions. Curious if
           | there are any other plants that do something similar, or why
           | bamboo would do this in the first place, evolutionarily
           | speaking.
        
             | monknomo wrote:
             | Think of plants in competition with each other. The compete
             | for water, nutrients and light. In a forest setting, light
             | is at a premium. A common strategy is to grow upward as
             | fast as possible to capture light and also to shade
             | competitors.
        
           | stephenr wrote:
           | It's not a tree really but banana plants (especially the
           | common type found in Thailand, which is not the common
           | Cavendish westerners know) can grow ridiculously quick,
           | particularly if the entire "trunk" is cut off - within hours
           | the middle most growing stems will have extended up above the
           | cut point a significant amount.
           | 
           | Coincidentally they're a PITA to get rid of too - id argue
           | worse than clumping bamboo.
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | > Most trees won't grow that fast
           | 
           | Most won't but some do grow really very fast. Like the
           | Willow.
           | 
           | I live in an area with lots of Pollarded Willows. We have
           | about 30 of them in our garden. They grow a ridiculous 2-3m
           | each year (6-10ft). Often in just a few months.
           | 
           | We'll cut them around now (autumn) down to 1.50m, and next
           | year august they'll easily be 3-4m high again. Pollarding is
           | rewarding but a lot of work.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow#Others
        
         | reportingsjr wrote:
         | I think a lot of other grasses have similar growth stages,
         | where they grow to a certain height and then start other growth
         | processes.
        
       | ryanmarsh wrote:
       | With lots of glue. I don't know why cellulose building materials
       | yet so much hype. Yes part of the product is renewable, the other
       | half is very nasty and we've not yet seen a fair comparison of
       | the entire supply chain pollution of these materials vs more
       | common one.
        
       | jayolden wrote:
       | I have observed that Bamboo lumber is quite strong despite being
       | soft. It looks natural and stylish in which you can get at an
       | affordable price.
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | If you start with something that is natural and sustainable (for
       | example, bamboo), and you add to it something that is neither
       | (for example, glue), then you end up with something that is
       | neither natural nor sustainable. Sorry.
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | You seem to imply that it's a given that glue is not
         | sustainable. Is that the case?
        
         | aembleton wrote:
         | Bamboo grows so much quicker that even with glue it might be
         | more sustainable than using other woods.
        
           | TedShiller wrote:
           | What happens to glue when you throw it away?
        
             | Veen wrote:
             | PVA is biodegradable, I believe. But I suppose it depends
             | which glue they use.
        
             | kleton wrote:
             | Phenol-formaldehyde thermoset breaks down into phenol and
             | formaldehyde. It degrades a lot faster than polyolefins.
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | What happens to anything when you throw it away? It gets
             | encapsulated in more garbage and stays there for basically
             | ever.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | Wood rots. It doesn't even take that long. Let's not
               | pretend natural biodegradable materials are the same.
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | Not so much in a landfill.
        
               | didsomeonesay wrote:
               | capturing carbon?
        
         | i_am_proteus wrote:
         | Glues were made from animals for centuries and are animal glue
         | is still phenomenal for a number of woodworking applications.
         | 
         | It's also much more expensive than synthetic glue. This does
         | not mean that a glued lumber product is necessarily unnatural
         | or unsustainable, but rather that the price may end up being
         | higher, and the properties different, when using a natural
         | glue.
        
           | eropple wrote:
           | Totally right, but one thing I learned recently - hide glue
           | isn't that much more expensive than the same manufacturers'
           | PVA glues.
           | 
           | (For folks who aren't familiar, though, animal glues aren't
           | really substitutable for things like plywood; the ability to
           | undo a hide glue joint is valuable in furnituremaking but not
           | in plywood composition.)
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | Yeah, same thing with those transparent or hardened woods. It's
         | wood + a ton of epoxy.
         | 
         | Isn't epoxy made from fossil fuels, or am I completely off?
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | about 1/3rd correct. It is not made with epoxy[1]. Bamboo
           | lumber is made with urea formaldehyde just like plywood. UF
           | is made from CO2, ammonia, and methanol[2]. Methanol can come
           | from plants or from fossil fuels. Ammonia uses 55% of global
           | hydrogen, and that hydrogen comes from fossil fuels.
           | Typically natural gas. There are also No-Added-Formaldehyde
           | brands that used soy/PVA/other adhesives which can rely less
           | or more fossil fuels (PVA is wood glue- vinyl based).
           | 
           | Engineering bamboo (flooring doesn't always use UF) has ~5%
           | wt. UF, so 20 kg of lumber requires ~.4 kg of ammonia. Using
           | a methane feedstock that translates to ~.85 kg of CO2. 4% of
           | the CO2 captured by the bamboo, for context. Ammonia can also
           | be made from water, via electrolysis- .64 kg per 20 kg of
           | bamboo.
           | 
           | [1]: UF does not contain an epoxide group. Note also that
           | epoxide is an incredibly generic type of chemical- all it
           | means is that two pairs of radicals and an oxygen form a
           | triangular bond. Epoxides can take all kinds of forms and be
           | made from all kinds of stuff. For instance Epichlorohydrin is
           | used to make some of the most common epoxy resins and is
           | produced from glycerol, which comes from plant/animal sources
           | generally. Not all of it, but most of it.
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-
           | engineering/ur...
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Epoxy uses BPA and ECH, both from fossil fuels, yes.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | This is a genuine question I've been wondering about, but isn't
         | the glue basically the same as the lignin that holds the wood
         | (and I assume bamboo) together naturally. If it's not, could it
         | be?
         | 
         | This applies to a lot of wood products like plywood and MDF not
         | just bamboo.
         | 
         | Looks like some people are investigating it:
         | 
         | https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/using-lignin-as-a-sustainable-...
        
           | stdbrouw wrote:
           | In wood fiber insulation, some factories do manage to use the
           | wood's own lignin to keep the insulation batts together,
           | though apparently it's harder to manage for very thick batts.
        
         | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
         | Not sustainable or cost effective. Look at the amount of labor
         | and processing it takes to make one sheet of plywood!
         | 
         | By comparison, plywood manufacture is a simple process. Entire
         | logs are shaved into veneer sheets, rough cut, laminated
         | together then finish cut.
         | 
         | 302 Euros for a 4x8x3/4 sheet of 5-ply plywood that's inferior
         | in most ways to hardwood plywood is crazy. By comparison, the
         | same sheet of hardwood A-B grade plywood would run somewhere
         | between $40-$80 a sheet.
         | 
         | Trees are a great sustainable and renewable resource, they just
         | take longer to grow.
        
           | JAlexoid wrote:
           | Please note that this is not automated yet. I bet that
           | automation could make bamboo plywood cheaper than hardwood
           | plywood... with the same level of quality.
           | 
           | I mean... Some species are ready to harvest in 90 days(not
           | sure if those are applicable, though).
           | 
           | But typical hardwood is decades of growth time to harvest.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | That's not true. Chemicals are -everything-. Unless you think
         | everything "artificial" is bad then I think you will be open to
         | realizing just because something manufactured doesn't mean it's
         | bad by default.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | Sure but so what. It is a question of _how_ sustainable.
         | Cutting 2x4s from pine trees still use a lot of non-sustainable
         | energy sources. Saws burn gas and so do the trucks of the
         | people who cut them down, so do the trucks that hall the logs,
         | so do the mills that cut them, and so on and so on.
         | 
         | There are always more externalities we don't consider. To me,
         | the question is whether bamboo worse than other composite wood
         | products. Does it store more carbon? Does it store the same
         | carbon but more quickly? Can it grow using less land? Does it
         | last longer than what would be used instead? If it is at least
         | neutral on all the other questions, does it have other
         | properties that make it preferable?
        
         | jgilias wrote:
         | That's very absolutist thinking. Just because some solution
         | doesn't solve all the problems outright doesn't mean that it's
         | totally useless. What's the baseline? Using bamboo plywood
         | thing instead of normal plywood? What's the end-goal?
         | Increasing carbon sequestration when building stuff? Reducing
         | ground water pollution? Something else? Where is the bamboo
         | lumber used? How far is it shipped? For what it's used? Et
         | cetera.
         | 
         | Notice though that the article doesn't talk about
         | sustainability, ecology, or being natural at all. It just shows
         | how bamboo lumber is made. Which is interesting in its own
         | right.
        
         | geoffmunn wrote:
         | It really bothers me when people try and pass off bamboo-based
         | fabrics as being natural.
         | 
         | It's called rayon and it's about as synthetic as you can
         | possibly get.
         | 
         | For those who are interested:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | There is also an article specifically on bamboo textiles:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_textile
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Sure, but 'synthetic' is a weird word. At root it just means
           | 'made via synthesis'. Rayon is not made by synthesizing
           | cellulose, though - it is made by extracting natural
           | cellulose. You could say the fibers are synthesized - but
           | cotton needs to go through a spinning process too. Where do
           | you draw the line between 'synthesis' and 'manufacturing'?
           | 
           | Sure, for rayon the cellulose extraction process is chemical,
           | unlike the physical process used to get cellulose fibers out
           | of cotton, but the raw material is still natural, plant grown
           | cellulose.
           | 
           | There are plenty of things that are made by taking natural
           | ingredients, shoving them in a vat of toxic chemicals to
           | transform them, then taking them out to use, which are
           | generally still considered 'natural' products: leather,
           | bleached flour, pressure treated wood, dyed cotton...
        
             | _jal wrote:
             | > Sure, but 'synthetic' is a weird word.
             | 
             | Every word is weird if you think about it too long.
             | 
             | At least in the US, this is pretty simple, even if it
             | offends the sensibilities of category pedants.
             | 
             | "Natural" fibers are cotton, wool, linen, etc. Processing
             | is fine, so long as it isn't "too processed".
             | 
             | It is "Synthetic" if it ends in '-on', or feels like
             | plastic or rubber.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | Right.
               | 
               | But thinking of Rayon and viscose as 'synthetic' means
               | people assume it is not biodegradable, which isn't the
               | case. It's about as biodegradable as cotton, or
               | cardboard.
               | 
               | In fact cardboard and paper are good analogs - I think
               | people are comfortable thinking of them as 'processed'
               | natural products, but not 'synthetic'. There is value in
               | getting people to think of rayon as more like that than
               | true synthetics like nylon and polyester, which create
               | non biodegradable micro plastic pollutants.
        
             | dd36 wrote:
             | Pressure treated wood is highly toxic...
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | There are several different kinds of pressure-treated
               | wood.
               | 
               | The old bad stuff is CCA, which uses arsenic. It's been
               | restricted (in the US) for about two decades, though
               | still available for some applications. Home Depot does
               | not carry it.
               | 
               | The newer stuff is ACQ (several types) which are Al and
               | Cu-based. Not considered toxic by the EPA, however some
               | people (including myself) are still not comfortable using
               | it for, e.g. garden beds.
               | 
               | Sawdust of all woods is considered an irritant, toxic,
               | and a possible carcinogen.
               | 
               | Work outside, and/or use good dust collection. Always
               | wear a dust mask.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | Yes, it's a construction material. I wouldn't recommend
               | eating it. Same advice goes for reinforced concrete slabs
               | and steel girders.
        
               | JAlexoid wrote:
               | I would advise not eating any kind of concrete.
        
               | Ancapistani wrote:
               | Oh, I don't know. I had a concrete from Freddy's a couple
               | of weeks ago, and it was quite good. Peanut butter cups
               | and bananas I believe.
               | 
               | :)
        
             | NortySpock wrote:
             | > Where do you draw the line between 'synthesis' and
             | 'manufacturing'?
             | 
             | I assume the layperson will respond: "Synthesis uses
             | chemicals, and manufacturing doesn't!" (visualizing a
             | bandsaw or a punch-press machine)
             | 
             | Of course manufacturing uses plenty of chemicals, but we
             | don't always think about that when visualizing mechanical
             | assembly processes.
        
       | ofey404 wrote:
       | "Technology is propulsion." Chinese characters written on the
       | wall of factory workshop.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Reminds me of https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/vorsprung-
         | durch-technik....
        
           | Melkman wrote:
           | Strange that that article states "There's no single English
           | word which is an exact equivalent of 'vorsprung'". Vorsprung
           | is lead. Durch is harder in my opinion. Can be translate as
           | "by" or "because of". So the translations would be "lead by
           | technology" or "in the lead because of technology"
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | It means being ahead (of at least some of the competition,
             | presumably) due to (better) technology.
        
             | y4mi wrote:
             | Vorsprung is anything that is slightly ahead, so you're
             | wrong there. It applies to a lot more than you seem to
             | think. It's frequently used in describing smallish
             | platforms on mountains, buildings as well for example.
             | 
             | The German term for "to lead" would be "fuhren".
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | In the 'small platform that sticks out' sense the English
               | equivalent would be 'projection' (interesting that that
               | comes from a Latin root of 'something that is thrown
               | forward', while the German word is more 'something that
               | jumps forward'), but in the context of the phrase the
               | other meanings of that word would dominate.
               | 
               | There's definitely a sense of 'getting a head start',
               | 'being at an advantage' to Vorsprung that is hard to
               | capture in a single English word.
               | 
               | Perhaps one way to translate it would be: _Privilege
               | through technology_
        
             | rrobukef wrote:
             | "Leading with technology"
        
             | hackerbee wrote:
             | "Lead through technology"
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | Advantage by technology?
        
               | noja wrote:
               | Don't you find "through" a bit clunky, how about via?
               | Also "Lead" can be misread as a metal, how about Leading?
        
               | dublin wrote:
               | Oh, so like you pronounce "leading" in stained glass or
               | typesetting, then? ;-)
        
               | noja wrote:
               | No, but I often find people are more likely to read
               | "lead" as the metal. Not really for "leading".
        
               | bigbizisverywyz wrote:
               | I always thought it meant 'leap forward through the use
               | of technology'.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | I wish I had a pic of the plaque wall at intel HQ, SC5 --
           | there are a bunch of plaques from partners... and several of
           | them have Engrish phrases thanking Intel for best to the
           | future we go hand in hand for great cause and somesuch other
           | awesome things.
        
       | g0gzs wrote:
       | Long time lurker here, first time poster. I got pulled into the
       | rabbit hole of building guitars at home during the covid
       | lockdowns. My first build used traditional "tonewoods" (mahogany,
       | ebony, rosewood etc.) and while purchasing materials for my
       | second build, I stumbled upon bamboo boards on a German wood
       | retailed shop.
       | 
       | Compared the properties to the wood I wanted to use for parts of
       | it (mainly the core/neck and fretboard) and decided to go for it.
       | 
       | So the second build [1] is 40ish % bamboo with purpleheart
       | veneers in between layers of bamboo and purpleheart/olive for the
       | body. Next build will be around 80% bamboo. Trying to source some
       | strand woven bamboo boards to try them out as fretboards as well,
       | but for a part time builder like me, getting such small
       | quantities of bamboo boards is rather hard.
       | 
       | But yeah, fascinating material even outside of construction use.
       | The boards I used for the guitar builds were nice to work with,
       | easy to sand and finish (using wipe on poly).
       | 
       | [1] https://i.imgur.com/fUyxd7n.jpg
        
         | fho wrote:
         | May I ask what you paid in the end for the bamboo you used? I
         | went down the same rabbit hole some time ago and in the end
         | went with oak as it was a lot more affordable (for my student
         | budget back then).
        
           | g0gzs wrote:
           | 121x20 cm board, 20mm thick was around 22 EUR + shipping. The
           | shop I bought it from had 3 kinds of bamboo boards (normal,
           | dark and some "figured" made up of dark and light stripes)
           | but currently sell only the figured.
        
             | fho wrote:
             | I guess I was looking in the wrong places ... or the wrong
             | construction. 20 mm thick sounds like it was only the core
             | with more layers.
             | 
             | In the end I went with some 150x4cm oak strips of varying
             | width from the left-overs bin of a wood vendor. 5EUR the
             | piece was a pretty good deal back then.
        
               | g0gzs wrote:
               | Yeah, I cut the board I ordered into 4 stripes, rotated
               | them for 90 degrees and glued back together with
               | purpleheart veneer in between, to get the core/neck part.
               | 
               | I really wanna build one almost completely from bamboo
               | (with various veneers to get some accents/lines in) but
               | it's really hard to source boards now. Meh... but yeah,
               | who would have thought that "tonegrass" would become a
               | term someday haha.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | > core/neck
               | 
               | I saw the picture above, looks very good!
               | 
               | > tone grass
               | 
               | I honestly believe that the key to building a good guitar
               | is stiffness ... This will create a very high pitched
               | instrument, as it does not lose the high frequencies in
               | the wood. But that can be sorted out later vis EQing
        
         | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
         | One of the themes in this thread is reminding people that it's
         | not actually bamboo, it's a bamboo composite--sort of like
         | plywood. I doesn't work without petrochemical glues.
         | 
         | I think it's fairer to say your build is 40%-ish bamboo
         | composite. When we're calling it bamboo we're doing that
         | industry's greenwashing marketing for them.
         | 
         | Cool guitar!
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | I've noticed more and more "glue" boards - even beyond the
           | classic MDF or plywood - such as "Edge Glued" boards.
           | 
           | Lots of the Ikea "wood" furniture is made this way, some
           | apparently from relatively _small_ scraps.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Some of the terms being used are getting more and more
             | 'artistic' too - I've seen a lot more use of the term
             | 'manufactured wood' for instance, and like you're noting
             | hybrid 'core is mdf, edges are real wood, top is veneer'
             | type stuff that you have to dig to find out, and that is
             | way more complicated than the 'traditional' mdf+veneer
             | junk.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The edge-glued boards at Menards are quite good - they're
               | foot wide "shelves" if you will made from glued 4 inch
               | wide pieces; they work and are roughly as strong as
               | normal boards at a cheaper price - and come finished.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | Edge-gluing's one technique you'll find in woodworking
               | books, for making large surfaces. Desktops or table tops
               | made out of a single piece of lumber are _wicked_
               | expensive, or practically impossible once you reach a
               | certain size, so you join a bunch of smaller boards to
               | make it happen. The really cheap  & easy version of this
               | skips the gluing and just frames them so they're smushed
               | together, leaving visible seams and gaps like a slightly-
               | tighter version of an outdoor picnic table (I've even
               | seen this look _imitated_ by solid table tops made from
               | particle board and veneer, which... WTF? Those seams are
               | crumb-traps! They make dealing cards a pain in the ass!
               | Why would you go _out of your way_ to have them?), but
               | the better kind involves gluing.
        
               | drewzero1 wrote:
               | I used one of their planed, unfinished edge-glued boards
               | when I built my kid's bassinet. I was impressed by the
               | uniform quality; it was almost as if it was a single
               | board. Thanks Menards! (Full disclosure, my employer is
               | technically a competitor, but we don't sell lumber.)
        
           | labawi wrote:
           | If the mentioned bamboo composite is 95% bamboo and 5% glue
           | (going by comment from hwillis), isn't it fair to say it's
           | 40%-ish bamboo?
           | 
           | 5% glue is far from something like carbon composite, where
           | most content is epoxy. Common wood surface treatment is
           | probably more than 5%, yet we don't call it a wood composite.
           | 
           | IMO, total surface sealant makes more of a material
           | difference than 5% glue on the inside.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | that would be 38% bamboo then.
        
               | labawi wrote:
               | It's within error bounds, so more proper to say 40%
               | (ish), which is kind of the point.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | There's a whole thing on YouTube of gluing together various
           | wood-like materials and turning them on a lathe.[1] Liquid
           | epoxy is often involved.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDQz4H7tz6Fwu5_5rg4W6pA
        
         | mromanuk wrote:
         | wow that picture of your guitar is awesome, do you have a blog
         | other place where we can see your work?
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | I always thought that hardness is most important in a
         | fretboard, is bamboo hard enough for this? I have a Parker
         | guitar with a glass composite fretboard (carbon glass they call
         | it) and it's the best part of the guitar for playability.
        
           | g0gzs wrote:
           | The bamboo boards I ordered had a higher density than ebony
           | (1100 kg/m^3 for bamboo vs. 955 kg/m^3 for ebony) and
           | according to the suppliers site, they are roughly the same
           | Janka hardness. That's why I went for it.
        
           | devonkim wrote:
           | I don't know if hardness is the best criteria. I have both
           | rosewood and ebony fretboards on my basses and they feel
           | differently and longevity seems only loosely affected. I'm
           | not slamming down hard on the wood like what happens in
           | flooring though and maybe other players are much rougher than
           | myself.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Keep in mind these aren't what you would get if you cut down
           | some bamboo and used them. They're usually processed,
           | compressed, and a high % by weight of glue or epoxy. Many of
           | them are harder and tougher than all but a tiny percent of
           | exotic hard woods.
        
         | Gravityloss wrote:
         | Awesome looking guitar!
         | 
         | I noticed you use the Planet Waves tuners. I love those as
         | well, they're much more practical as they cut the strings for
         | you. I wonder why they don't make them in more traditional
         | colors, or why other manufacturers don't provide similar
         | solutions. Everyone else makes just regular and locking tuners,
         | not the locking-and-cutting tuners.
         | 
         | For a performing amateur musician, the ability to change your
         | string quicker and without having to carry extra tools is
         | certainly beneficial, and people spend a lot of time fretting
         | about much less important details in their guitars.
         | 
         | I do like the current trend in youtube guitar videos talking
         | more about playability, usability and reliability, and doing
         | things like switching jacks or nuts, instead of endless pickup
         | sound comparisons.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | The original klusons tuners on the strats, you don't cut the
           | strings at all.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.ca/Kluson-SD9105MN-Vintage-Tuning-
           | Machine...
        
           | g0gzs wrote:
           | Yeah, I was looking into buying a new instrument, then
           | youtube started suggesting all those build videos. Eventually
           | found the project guitar web/forums and went for it. Probably
           | my favorite side projects so far.
        
       | crackercrews wrote:
       | > The bamboo strands are placed in a massive industrial press and
       | compressed with a pressure of 2,500 tons.
       | 
       | I wondered if this number was a typo. Quick research shows that
       | presses can produce tens of thousands of tons of pressure. [1]
       | 
       | 1: https://thelibraryofmanufacturing.com/presses.html
        
         | anon_cow1111 wrote:
         | Seems about right; 1000psi assuming a 4x8 foot sheet, roughly.
         | Bamboo is a -somewhat- soft pseudo-wood and can deform enough
         | under that pressure to compress into the sheets they're
         | describing.
         | 
         | (for reference, I've operated a 10kton press at a previous job,
         | which was roughly 30 feet high + underground hydraulic lines. I
         | don't know how many presses of this scale are even left in the
         | US)
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | apropos link:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Press_Program
        
             | Cerium wrote:
             | Perfect, I was going to link this as well as a response to
             | the other comment "especially given the bigger your press
             | is, the less people are going to need it for something."
             | 
             | Ensuring that large presses exist is important to national
             | security but not important to most business.
        
           | crackercrews wrote:
           | Does the size of a press increase linearly with the amount of
           | pressure it can generate?
        
             | anon_cow1111 wrote:
             | _I think_ ; There could be other factors, but this is the
             | main one
             | 
             | I'd guess that, on average, the bulk weight of the press
             | loosely determines its maximum pressure... Just because it
             | needs a certain amount of steel to confine and direct that
             | pressure without damaging itself.
             | 
             | Over time, the engineering gets tighter and with less
             | excess. You know that phrase, "anyone can make a bridge
             | that stands up, but you need and engineer to make a bridge
             | that just _barely_ stands up " It probably becomes an
             | economic issue, especially given the bigger your press is,
             | the less people are going to need it for something.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | This particular post is about making plywood sheets out of raw
       | bamboo. But there is also work happening on mass timber
       | applications of bamboo. For example a company called "Rizome"
       | (https://rizomebamboo.com/) is working on LVL and LSL bamboo
       | panels. One of their founders wrote a post about structural
       | applications of bamboo last year
       | (https://medium.com/rizome/bamboo-skyscrapers-eded5b234726).
        
         | fblp wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing!
        
       | uglycoyote wrote:
       | This was interesting in light of an interview I was just
       | listening to yesterday, a CBC podcast [1] talking about the
       | benefits of mass timber (glued wood) for large highrise building
       | construction.
       | 
       | There were two guests on, both sounded like environmentalists,
       | with the first one (Michael Green) saying that mass timber was
       | 
       | "currently the best tool we have to address climate impact and in
       | the building materials for a large building"
       | 
       | while the second guest (John Talberth) was arguing:
       | 
       | "The idea that we can cut down our forests and turn them into two
       | by fours and build our way to a stable climate is absurd, and
       | it's just another one of these false narratives of big timber
       | corporations are using to get us to buy more of their product and
       | continue to subsidise their record profits",
       | 
       | and Talberth advocated Bamboo, mentioning it multiple times as an
       | alternative. It kind of went back and forth a bit with Mr Green
       | saying
       | 
       | "Bamboo, for instance, is not structurally a material that can
       | actually satisfy the demand of three billion people that need a
       | new home because it doesn't build large buildings"
       | 
       | and Mr Talberth saying
       | 
       | "Believe it or not, bamboo can actually be put together in the
       | structurally with high structural integrity beams to make taller
       | buildings"
       | 
       | It kind of left me wondering who was right... though Mr Green (an
       | architect) sounded like someone with actual experience making
       | buildings, where as the Mr Talberth (an economist) sounded like
       | he might have been doing a bit of ill-informed wishful thinking
       | about Bamboo.
       | 
       | Seeing the process here gave me a bit more perspective on the
       | discussion. Given the labour involved and the fact that you are
       | working with 20mm x 5mm cross-sections of bamboo, I can see how
       | it would be extremely expensive to build a large building out of
       | bamboo, and the $300 euro price tag on a sheet of plywood at the
       | bottom of the page added more confirmation that it's not going to
       | be a practical replacement for large-scale building.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-
       | oct-20-2...
        
         | clomond wrote:
         | When thinking about "carbon stores" - it is significantly more
         | preferable to turn managed forests into manufactured wood
         | products for buildings and furniture (where the CO2 gets
         | functionally stored and then possibly tossed in a landfill far
         | in the future) to turning those forests into wood pellets to be
         | burned as biomass.
         | 
         | Managed forestry has the ability to, relatively trivially and
         | particularly when compared to other "carbon sequestration
         | alternatives" lock in decent magnitudes of carbon as we figure
         | out our energy system.
         | 
         | Particularly helps when comparing to other building material
         | options (bricks, concrete, steel all very energy intensive and
         | not decarbonized yet).
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | We are not cutting down forests to make buildings. We get
         | plenty of lumber to do that from sustainable tree farms. We are
         | cutting down forests to get land (mostly to use for non-tree
         | agriculture)
        
         | hcurtiss wrote:
         | John Talberth runs the Center for Sustainable Economy, an
         | environmental advocacy organization in Portland, Oregon. He is
         | an old general from the PNW "timber wars" of the 1990s,
         | directly involved in pursuing the spotted owl injunctions. He
         | has long been opposed to intensive management of native conifer
         | forests. It's amusing to me to hear him advocating for harvest
         | in somebody else's back yard. I suppose that's been the subtext
         | the entire time, with so much harvest volume having migrated to
         | the US southeast following the spotted owl injunctions.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | At the bottom of the OP link is the price for a 4x8' sheet of
         | bamboo plywood. It's listed for 295 euroos or $342USD. I'm not
         | sure there is a 'regular' wood sheet that is even close to that
         | cost. It's truly a specialized product and unless there are
         | more economical bamboo sheet goods, no one would ever build
         | with this.
        
           | kabes wrote:
           | I started searching for bamboo exterior sidings because of
           | this post and it seems to be about the same price like
           | hardwood sidings. Bit cheaper than padauk.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-22 23:02 UTC)