[HN Gopher] Paintmakers are running out of the color blue
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Paintmakers are running out of the color blue
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 78 points
       Date   : 2021-10-20 18:05 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloombergquint.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloombergquint.com)
        
       | xenonite wrote:
       | I am not so surprised as the new iPhone is colored blue.
       | 
       | /irony off
        
       | vitus wrote:
       | https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarats-...
       | seems like it fills in several missing details that other
       | commenters have asked about (what is it about blue? is this more
       | than just a single paintmaker in the Netherlands?).
       | 
       | (I have my own gripes about that website, like how it tries to
       | prevent copy-pasting via JS, or that it links to arbitrary
       | phrases that aren't common topics or other news articles like
       | you'd expect. But at least it has more context about this
       | situation.)
       | 
       | > To put things in perspective, an estimated 59% of the annual
       | 1.1 lakh tonne of global supply of blue pigment comes from
       | Gujarat (India's share is 82%).
       | 
       | > However, pigment manufacturers - small and large - in the state
       | have been forced to reduce production by 25-50% due to the surge
       | in prices of raw materials, their unavailability and working
       | capital issues.
       | 
       | > Rising energy costs - coal and crude - have pushed up prices of
       | raw materials such as phthalic anhydride, cuprous chloride and
       | urea. These are used to manufacture CPC Blue (Copper
       | phthalocyanine blue) crude, a key ingredient of pigment blue,
       | which in turn goes into the making of various shades of blue
       | paints.
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | ..and the artists all cried out in woad
        
       | burnafter182 wrote:
       | The Greeks didn't have a word for the color blue.
        
         | rhn_mk1 wrote:
         | The Russians have two.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Like "Blue" and "Navy"? Or just two blues? If the latter,
           | what's the reason?
        
             | tetromino_ wrote:
             | What's the reason why English and most other languages of
             | Europe treat blue and green like distinct basic colors,
             | while many languages of Asia have one word encompassing
             | both? What's the reason why Hungarian has two basic words
             | for different kinds of red? It's just a historical artifact
             | of language evolution. Russian happened to the evolve two
             | different distinct basic color words for blue; to an
             | English speaker, both are different shades of blue, but in
             | Russian, neither is a shade of the other; and Russian has
             | no single color word encompassing the English concept of
             | "blue".
        
               | tigen wrote:
               | Even in English, in certain contexts, blue-green middling
               | shades are treated individually (turquoise, cyan). Of
               | course there are many color names in paint/art, but even
               | in everyday situations there is a pretty clear concept of
               | turquoise being its own distinct color.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Azure, cobalt, sapphire, cerulean, indigo, aquamarine...
           | 
           | Most languages probably have quite a few.
        
             | tetromino_ wrote:
             | Two basic color words for different types of blue. You
             | might think of azure, cobalt, and sapphire as shades of
             | blue. To a Russian speaker, sinii and goluboi are not
             | shades of each other, they are different basic colors, like
             | blue and green in English. And there is no one color word
             | in Russian encompassing all blues.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | just as there is no word in English encompassing all
               | blue-greens
        
               | defanor wrote:
               | > To a Russian speaker, sinii and goluboi are not shades
               | of each other, they are different basic colors, like blue
               | and green in English.
               | 
               | As a native Russian speaker, I always understood
               | "goluboi" as a light shade of "sinii" (blue), and that's
               | how it's defined in dictionaries [1,2].
               | 
               | [1] https://academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord=%D0%B3%D0%BE%
               | D0%BB%D...
               | 
               | [2] https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%
               | 83%D0%B...
        
               | jpindar wrote:
               | Like pink and red? Technically pink is light red, but no
               | one calls it that.
        
               | defanor wrote:
               | I think pink is less clearly a shade of red (it can go a
               | bit into blue), while "goluboi" is simply light or pale
               | blue: AFAICT it's used as an alias, and one may call it
               | "light blue" as well.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Nah. https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/26918/could-
         | peo...
         | 
         | (Be sure to read the #2 answer, which I find more compelling
         | than the first.)
        
       | BeFlatXIII wrote:
       | So much for future printings of House of Leaves.
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | My hope is that supply chain issues will make clear the downsides
       | to execs (not just the workers) and governments of externalizing
       | all manufacturing abroad and out of reach. Look at the chaos
       | caused by a pandemic, now imagine war or purposefully using
       | supply chain as leverage.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | This is all momentary situation caused by the pandemic. In one
         | year, people will not even remember this. Companies will not
         | spend billions of dollars unless they have no other option.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | I disagree. People will remember this and make irrational
           | decisions based on these memories for years.
           | 
           | For comparison, the Great Financial Crisis still looms over
           | us so much that people _still_ anticipate another huge
           | housing burst. And when companies like Ford announce that
           | they aren 't using FICO scores to determine if a person
           | qualifies for a loan, people on websites start fearmongering
           | about another sub prime lending crisis.
        
             | duped wrote:
             | Bold to predict that the supply shortages will be over in
             | one year
        
           | gremloni wrote:
           | I wish it gets to that point. A country that doesn't
           | manufacture is a _huge_ loser in the long run. I hope it
           | comes back to America in a heavily automated, sustainable
           | fashion.
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | I get the point, but corporations care more about their own
             | profits. They will continue manufacturing in Asia for the
             | foreseeable future, since it is too costly to open
             | manufacturing plants in the US. The government would need
             | to do something momentous to change this, which I don't see
             | happening.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | There is plenty of manufacturing to go around. Buying from
             | specialists is a better deal for everyone than trying to do
             | a little of everything.
             | 
             | The only exceptions is war machines (guns, ships...) - you
             | need to have that in your country just in case. Though the
             | more trade you do with others the more nobody wants war
             | with you because they lose both the goods you make and the
             | market for goods you buy from them.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | It's all right. According to Hackernews, we need only change our
       | languages to exclude a word for blue, then blue won't exist and
       | we wonpt need blue paint.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Kluny wrote:
       | Jazz musicians have started singing the yellows.
        
       | aazaa wrote:
       | That website is a catastrophe. The banner on the left prevents
       | the intro text from being read. There's also a banner on the
       | right which is similar in behavior. Neither can be dismissed.
       | Text can't be copied without dragging along useless marketing
       | material. There is no Reader view to nuke the bad design
       | decisions.
       | 
       | Strangely, the original story ran on Bloomberg itself, which
       | isn't mentioned in the article. Fortunately, the archive.md trick
       | works. https://archive.md
        
         | kowlo wrote:
         | An amazing display of the modern web:
         | https://imgur.com/a/6a15t0U
        
         | junon wrote:
         | These sorts of comments are against HN guidelines. It's not
         | conducive to complain about the site's poor UX, as aggravating
         | as it is.
        
           | aazaa wrote:
           | You're right. Deleting...
           | 
           | Oops, can't do that, it appears.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | Paintmakers (plural)? Or paintmaker (singular)? Was this a
       | proactively written article or a quick rehash of a press release?
       | It mentions a single paint manufacturer. One.
       | 
       | No doubt there are supply chain issues. Apparently there are
       | journalism integrity issues as well. Yeah, it feels innoscent.
       | But lazy and journalism are two words that do not belong
       | together. Ever.
        
       | TomAbel wrote:
       | After the 2011 Japan earthquake automakers ran into a the same
       | problem, they ran out of a pigment called Xirallic made by Merck
       | 
       | >After the earthquake, automakers worldwide were forced to stop
       | making cars of certain colors because they couldn't get the
       | aluminum-flaked Xirallic pigment that makes the paint sparkle.
       | Merck was making the pigment at only one plant worldwide -- its
       | Onahama plant in the quake zone -- and kept significant stocks of
       | the product only at the same factory. It took months to restart
       | the plant and resume deliveries.[1]
       | 
       | The Verge did a really good profile of the perils of just-in-time
       | manufacturing in respect to Apple that highlights how highly
       | efficient JIT in reducing costs but that it ultimately leads to
       | more fragile supply chains.[2]
       | 
       | >Just-in-time manufacturing is highly efficient, but it's not
       | resilient.This style of manufacturing cuts costs -- but it also
       | means that if the supply chain is disrupted, there will be
       | shortages.[2]
       | 
       | I really like this insight
       | 
       | >To make a more resilient system, a lot of companies may have to
       | rethink just-in-time manufacturing. Resilience doesn't show up as
       | clearly on balance sheets as cost reduction, but it's crucial for
       | surviving disruptive events. Lowering costs by creating economies
       | of scale and volume looks good most of the time, but once there's
       | a failure, companies don't have many options.[2]
       | 
       | [1]https://www.autonews.com/article/20130715/OEM10/307159926/pi..
       | . (Paywalled) Archive: https://archive.md/Yoqe2
       | 
       | [2]https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/13/21177024/apple-just-in-
       | ti...
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | Just how much stock would companies need to avoid the problems
         | we have now? This isn't just a supply side problem, demand for
         | some goods has gone through the roof. How can a business
         | compete on resilience when all their competitors are cheaper
         | because they carry less stock.
         | 
         | I'm not even sure I'd want that as a consumer. Mostly I'd
         | rather wait than pay more (although obviously not for food).
        
           | azinman2 wrote:
           | Except waiting ripples through the economy. You may not need
           | a particular thing, but something that depends on it for
           | their business 18 chain links away from things you need,
           | does. And without it, certain businesses might not be able to
           | sell anything, and thus go bankrupt, and thus put people out
           | of work. It's all a very complicated interconnected web
        
       | smegcicle wrote:
       | YInMn Blue is nothing but trouble
        
       | oasisbob wrote:
       | > "There is one basic color tint that is extremely difficult to
       | get"
       | 
       | Any idea of the possible tint which is being referred to?
       | Wondering if it's a mineral source requiring mining, heavy-metal
       | processing, or what?
        
         | stan_rogers wrote:
         | Likely cobalt. Most of the other blues are either made of
         | relatively abundant elements or have very good synthetic
         | equivalents.
        
         | archildress wrote:
         | Could be Titanium Dioxide that is involved in whitening. Have
         | seen enough from my view that this would be my guess. And what
         | could be more basic than that. :)
        
           | nightfly wrote:
           | If that was the problem then white wouldn't be available
           | either
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | You need that for every color so that the sun doesn't
           | discolor your paint so probably not.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | This is completely tangential but does anyone who has any real
       | experience with painting done anything with the VR painting apps?
       | I have one called PaintingVR, and I think it's cool, but I have
       | no real experience with physical paints (always opting to use a
       | digital drawing tablet since I was a kid).
       | 
       | If anyone has any experience, how do you feel it compares to the
       | real deal?
        
         | ozten wrote:
         | VermillionVR[1] is incredibly realistic!
         | 
         | I really felt like I was in that brick studio with a nicer set
         | of equipment than I'd ever used. I guess I used easels sort of
         | like that in college, but in the real world I didn't use such a
         | formal setup.
         | 
         | The realism and sense of presence made me notice the missing
         | haptic feedback and the lack of smell feedback (linseed oil,
         | turpentine, etc), but the audio feedback and the physics are
         | really great.
         | 
         | My experience was with Vive Pro 2 and Valve knuckles.
         | 
         | [1] https://vermillion-vr.com/
        
         | genghisjahn wrote:
         | King Spray on the Oculus Quest is pretty good (cue the multi
         | threaded chain about Oculus requiring a FB login).
        
           | highland586 wrote:
           | I'm really enjoying Kingspray as well. It's really close to
           | spraycan painting, they even got the dripping effect just
           | right.
        
       | kaminar wrote:
       | He's a victim of the planned crisis...it will only end when
       | compete control is established...or those squeezing us are
       | removed.
        
       | archildress wrote:
       | Thank you Toyota and practitioners of "lean" / "Six Sigma" that
       | told us all about the wonders of just-in-time, to only carry
       | exactly as much inventory was needed for demand. After all, we'd
       | rather have that cash in a bank account than tied up in
       | inventory.
       | 
       | While well intentioned, the problem is that it all relies on
       | assumptions, largely tied to demand. And when demand goes through
       | a wild whipsaw, and everyone takes diverging viewpoints of the
       | shape of that whipsaw curve, the highly interdependent chain
       | snaps.
       | 
       | Labor is an issue for sure. But make no mistake, the "restart
       | from COVID" supply chain conundrum owes a lot of its pain to
       | optimizing everything to the hilt, then reacting slowly as the
       | world around us changed.
        
         | LurkingPenguin wrote:
         | Toyota actually isn't as JIT as you make it out to be, but that
         | notwithstanding, what's the alternative? Stockpile 30 years'
         | worth of Christmas ornaments in warehouses in Oklahoma, right
         | next to the oil storage?
        
           | archildress wrote:
           | It's almost as if there are happy mediums in between the two
           | scenarios. :)
        
             | LurkingPenguin wrote:
             | 2 years' worth of Christmas ornaments? 10 years' worth?
             | 
             | The amount of crap that we consume is astounding. And in
             | many cases, each specific type of crap requires a bunch of
             | smaller crap (components).
             | 
             | There is literally no way for a consumption-driven society
             | as broad and deep as ours to stockpile years' worth of
             | everything.
        
               | archildress wrote:
               | All planning really is based on assumptions, like safety
               | stock levels. In organizations you typically have someone
               | who decides "hey, this is the right level of inventory to
               | keep, based on our demand right now." That's not a bad
               | approach, but the problem is a lot of supply chain
               | planning is top-down and dictates "we only want to keep
               | $x tied up in inventory" and as you can imagine that
               | number is driven by management as low as possible. When
               | COVID happened last year, levels were slashed so low and
               | now the supply chains can't recover.
               | 
               | Basically my view is that it's this over reactiveness and
               | obsession with free cash flow has swung so far so as to
               | create a too-painful jam.
               | 
               | I would agree that over consumption is a problem, albeit
               | a separate one to the conversation at hand.
               | 
               | Cheers.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | I think some companies recognized that it's possible for once-
         | in-a-generation and once-in-a-lifetime disruptive events to
         | occur, but they crunched the numbers and decided that they
         | could squeeze more from lean practices over the long term than
         | they stood to lose in the disruptive events.
         | 
         | Like, suppose you could make $X in profit that is highly
         | resilient to infrequent disruption or twice that with the
         | understanding that every 20 years or so, you're going to have a
         | few bad years because of black swan events. You might determine
         | that you're willing to take your lumps during the chaotic
         | times.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Planning for black swan events would be really dumb: they
           | will never go exact as you plan them to. What if they planned
           | for a GFC-like black swan event where nobody bought cars? Or
           | one where gasoline suddenly went to $400 barrel?
           | 
           | There are a million possible black swan events and there's a
           | million ways to plan for them.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Few companies plan that far ahead....
           | 
           | You'd get the same outcome by hiring someone and telling them
           | they get a bonus proportional to increased profits, and no
           | bonus in bad years.
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | > Thank you Toyota and practitioners of "lean" / "Six Sigma"
         | that told us all about the wonders of just-in-time, to only
         | carry exactly as much inventory was needed for demand.
         | 
         | While Toyota might have popularized the concept, it seems odd
         | to blame them for the common-sense idea of just-in-time.
         | 
         | It's quite natural, normal humans also don't hoard everything
         | they can possibly think of needing, nor should companies. It's
         | eco-friendly to be JIT as it leads to less wastage; while
         | optimizing for rare shortages will result in wastage all the
         | time.
        
           | blix wrote:
           | > It's quite natural, normal humans also don't hoard
           | everything they can possibly think of needing...
           | 
           | For most of human history we did exactly that. The deeply
           | interconnected "JIT Consumption" world is really quite new.
           | And if consumption patterns suddenly change then you can't
           | buy toilet paper anymore.
        
             | yunohn wrote:
             | Do you have some sources to prove that "most of human
             | history", everyone was hoarding?
             | 
             | Necessity leads to JIT, only in times of surplus can you
             | even try to hoard. Famines were common before, and still
             | occur now - you just don't notice now thanks to
             | globalization and in part, essential reserves maintained by
             | governments and companies.
        
               | blix wrote:
               | Humans very quickly realized that food doesn't always
               | come in at a constant rate and learned to hoard[1] in
               | times of plenty to protect against times of scarcity. As
               | you note, current governments still stockpile food, but
               | before power was so heavily centralized this
               | responsiblity fell to smaller communities and family
               | units. The very first proto-states formed around resource
               | stockpiles[2], but food preservation had been a big deal
               | for much longer, some 12k years ago[3], predating
               | agriculture. In contrast, the expectation that I can go
               | to Walmart and buy fresh ground beef at any time is not
               | even a century old.
               | 
               | Neccesity leads to JIT, but also sustained surplus. If
               | the winters are mild and food can grow year round, why
               | bother stockpiling? If any widget can be obtained quickly
               | and cheaply, why spend the extra effort to maintain
               | inventory? If I can always buy ground beef at Walmart,
               | why should I keep a winter's worth supply in my freezer?
               | These practices are fine as long as the underlying
               | assumptions remain valid. If one suddenly finds that they
               | can't reliably buy toilet paper on demand, there is an
               | incentive to hoard it. And that's exactly what happened.
               | 
               | [1] While it has taken on a somewhat different meaning in
               | recent times, the early meaning of the word was 'to store
               | and preserve for future use.'
               | https://www.etymonline.com/word/hoard
               | 
               | [2] https://www.jstor.org/stable/44687105
               | 
               | [3] https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/nchfp/factsheets/f
               | ood_pre...
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | I'd actually disagree pretty strongly with this. For most
             | of human history the spoilage rate of pretty much
             | everything we produced was so high that stockpiling goods
             | for the sudden economic shocks was solely reserved to
             | governing bodies. Remember how you built ten bazillion
             | granaries in Civ? Sure, the game has taken quite a few
             | liberties with history but we have evidence of communal
             | food storage going all the way back to Babylon. When's the
             | last time you saw a granary or any sort of food stock that
             | was actually built and maintained by a government in the
             | modern world?
             | 
             | Before the modern epoch it was really rare to personally
             | stockpile goods due to the extreme possibilities of
             | spoilage (everyone loves weevils and moths right?) - that's
             | only been an option in the near history.
        
               | blix wrote:
               | For most of the pre-modern era, 'governing body' simply
               | means a group with enough stockpiled resources,
               | especially food, to project power. Anyone who could get
               | in on this action tried to. Spoilage is an issue, but
               | humans came up with many neat tricks to work around this,
               | many of which are still used today (fermentation, for
               | example). Anyone who didn't want to live or die soley by
               | the whims of the local warlord during a harsh winter had
               | to maintain their own food stockpile.
               | 
               | The great lie of Civ is to present this as centrally
               | organized when for most of human history this power was
               | very finely decentralized due to the expense of
               | communication and logistics. But as socities become more
               | centralized food stockpiles haven't disappeared. Many
               | governments still maintain food stockpiles, especially
               | poorer countries.
        
         | rumpelstilz18 wrote:
         | "After all, we'd rather have that cash in a bank account than
         | tied up in inventory."
         | 
         | The "We" includes you.
         | 
         | And it is inherent in our society what we add layer of layer of
         | complexity.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | Would you be making the same statement if covid hadn't
         | happened? I think companies realized that net net, JIT is more
         | profitable and they'll worry about the outliers when/if they
         | happen.
        
         | jdlshore wrote:
         | I hear this complaint frequently, and I always wonder if the
         | people making it are well-informed about supply chain logistics
         | or are just parroting what they've heard elsewhere. Because my
         | understanding of TPS and Lean is that it solved serious issues
         | with supply chains involving waste due to outdated and rusted
         | (figuratively and literally) inventory. It also doesn't prevent
         | the use of buffers to absorb shocks, as Toyota demonstrated in
         | the first year of the pandemic.
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | Here's recent supply-chain thread calling-out a current
           | bottle neck:
           | 
           | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1451543776992845834.html
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/typesfast/status/1451543776992845834
        
             | jdlshore wrote:
             | That's a great thread, thank you. Do note that one of the
             | replies calls his fundamental thesis into question, though:
             | empties are sitting on chassis not due to regulation, but
             | due to lack of equipment for stacking them higher.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Reasonably large mobile cranes exist and the cost of
               | renting one for a day is small compared to the amount of
               | capital bouncing around logistics operations surrounding
               | the Port of LA.
               | 
               | They're not currently in use at truck yards because it's
               | illegal to stack containers high, but if it were no
               | longer illegal then they could be quickly and temporarily
               | set up.
        
               | jdlshore wrote:
               | There's a respondent in the thread claiming that it's not
               | illegal, but I don't know how accurate their information
               | is.
        
             | missinfo wrote:
             | That is amazing. Why is the Flexport CEO apparently the
             | only one trying to diagnose and solve this critical
             | problem? It's not even that hard. He lays out a relatively
             | simple solution:
             | 
             | 1) Executive order effective immediately over riding the
             | zoning rules in Long Beach and Los Angeles to allow truck
             | yards to store empty containers up to six high instead of
             | the current limit of 2. Make it temporary for ~120 days.
             | 
             | This will free up tens of thousands of chassis that right
             | now are just storing containers on wheels. Those chassis
             | can immediately be taken to the ports to haul away the
             | containers
             | 
             | 2) Bring every container chassis owned by the national
             | guard and the military anywhere in the US to the ports and
             | loan them to the terminals for 180 days.
             | 
             | 3) Create a new temporary container yard at a large (need
             | 500+ acres) piece of government land adjacent to an inland
             | rail head within 100 miles of the port complex.
             | 
             | 4) Force the railroads to haul all containers to this new
             | site, turn around and come back. No more 1500 mile train
             | journeys to Dallas. We're doing 100 mile shuttles, turning
             | around and doing it again. Truckers will go to this site to
             | get containers instead of the port.
             | 
             | 5) Bring in barges and small container ships and start
             | hauling containers out of long beach to other smaller ports
             | that aren't backed up. This is not a comprehensive list.
             | Please add to it. We don't need to do the best ideas. We
             | need to do ALL the ideas.
             | 
             | We must OVERWHELM THE BOTTLENECK and get these ports
             | working again. I can't stress enough how bad it is for the
             | world economy if the ports don't work. Every company
             | selling physical goods bought or sold internationally will
             | fail.
             | 
             | The circulatory system our globalized economy depends has
             | collapsed. And thanks to the negative feedback loops
             | involved, it's getting worse not better every day that goes
             | by.
             | 
             | I'd be happy to lead this effort for the federal or state
             | government if asked. Leadership is the missing ingredient
             | at this point.
        
               | extrapickles wrote:
               | There is a emission's control law that is effectively
               | banning any truck older than a 10 years from entering
               | California which would also need a temporary stay to help
               | get the bottleneck cleared as fast as possible.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | The problem isn't with the methodology itself but with how
           | it's implemented in practice. Lean makes your buffers a lot
           | more visible to management, and if you combine that with a
           | culture of short-sighted cost-cutting, you run into issues.
           | The problem isn't lean; it's a management culture of short-
           | sighted cost-cutting.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | And that management culture is an effect of how
             | compensation works. Cut costs, put "reduced overhead by X
             | Million" on resume, either get promoted or switch jobs
             | before negative impact happens.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | Which might explain how Toyota has less of these
               | problems. I don't think Toyota executives are the type of
               | people to make these kinds of moves and hop jobs.
               | 
               | Ted Ogawa, President and CEO of Toyota North America
               | (https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/tetsuo-ogawa/):
               | 
               | > After joining Toyota in 1984....
               | 
               | Mark Templin, President and CEO of Toyota Financial
               | Services(https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/mark-
               | templin/):
               | 
               | > Since joining Toyota Motor Sales (TMS) in 1990, Templin
               | has held a number of positions.
               | 
               | Chris Nielsen, Executive Vice President, Product Support
               | & Chief Quality Officer
               | (https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/chris-
               | nielsen/):
               | 
               | > Nielsen joined Toyota in 1987 as a buyer at its
               | Georgetown, Kentucky, plant
               | 
               | Toshio Niimi, Executive Vice President, Production
               | Engineering and Manufacturing
               | (https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/toshio-niimi/):
               | 
               | > Niimi joined TMC in 1984 and has held positions in the
               | company's engineering and manufacturing divisions.
               | 
               | Takeshi Uchiyamada, Chairman of the Board of Directors (h
               | ttps://global.toyota/en/company/profile/executives/board-
               | of...):
               | 
               | > Takeshi Uchiyamada was born on August 17, 1946. He
               | graduated from Nagoya University with a degree in applied
               | physics in March 1969, and joined Toyota Motor
               | Corporation (TMC) in April the same year.
               | 
               | Shigeru Hayakawa, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
               | (https://global.toyota/en/company/profile/executives/boar
               | d-of...):
               | 
               | > Shigeru Hayakawa was born on September 15, 1953. He
               | graduated from the University of Tokyo with a bachelor's
               | degree in economics in March 1977, and joined Toyota
               | Motor Corporation (TMC) in April of the same year.
               | 
               | Akio Toyoda, President (https://global.toyota/en/company/
               | profile/executives/board-of...):
               | 
               | > He joined Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) in April 1984.
               | 
               | (He also happens to be the grandson of the founder of
               | Toyota.)
               | 
               | Koji Kobayashi, Member of the Board of Directors (https:/
               | /global.toyota/en/company/profile/executives/board-
               | of...):
               | 
               | > He graduated from Shiga University with a bachelor's
               | degree in economics in March 1972, and joined Toyota
               | Motor Corporation (TMC) in April of the same year.
               | 
               | I can see how that would discourage short-term decision-
               | making.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | The problem isn't Toyota. It's that companies are so damn risk
         | averse that they would rather have money in bank accounts
         | rather than take a risk and keep producing too much even during
         | a half year downturn.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | I don't think it's risk aversion so much as it is "Parts on
           | the shelf don't pay interest/dividends".
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Parts on the shelf also rust. My company saves a lot of
             | money not having to de-rust iron parts now that everything
             | is back out the door 5 days after it arrives in the
             | factory. Not to mention sometimes parts rust enough that
             | they no longer pass quality standards.
        
           | cascom wrote:
           | Except that when companies do this, and then ask to be
           | rewarded for making that investment, they are lambasted for
           | price gouging or profiteering...just ask any hardware store
           | that has sat on a pile of snow shovels through the summer in
           | order to capture a premium price when a blizzard is
           | approaching...
        
             | throaway46546 wrote:
             | I agree price gouging laws lead directly to shortages. Take
             | the recent toilet paper shortage. What is a more preferable
             | outcome, not having toilet paper available or having to pay
             | 4x as much for a roll? Because the latter is illegal we
             | have empty shelves instead.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | The problem with price gouging is that people are
               | irrational and feel entitled to the price they paid last
               | week. People get _super fucking angry_ at price gougers.
               | Which is how the nation ended up with these laws to begin
               | with.
               | 
               | So even if the government were okay with "market
               | adjustments" on basic goods, there would still be this
               | risk of stores getting looted/destroyed because people
               | are so angry at how quickly prices increased.
               | 
               | Businesses are much less emotional. Most are just going
               | to adapt to the new price.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | It is more than just people being angry. As was famously
               | pointed out by Axel Leijonhufvud, inflation makes the
               | process of economic planning extremely difficult. If you
               | are a business, you need to make long term production
               | plans, and when you have no idea what the costs will be,
               | that severly disrupts the production process and leads to
               | shortages regardless of how you feel emotionally about
               | something.
               | 
               | Instead of talking about "inflation", talk about "cost
               | uncertainty". That should make clear how a complex
               | society with long production chains can't really deal
               | with it. That also includes households, who have much
               | less capability for planning than firms and really need
               | to know what their bills will be and how much things will
               | cost when making decisions.
               | 
               | https://www.academia.edu/43768978/NOTES_ON_COSTS_AND_CONS
               | EQU...
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > inflation makes the process of economic planning
               | extremely difficult.
               | 
               | It doesn't, though.
               | 
               | > If you are a business, you need to make long term
               | production plans, and when you have no idea what the
               | costs will be, that severly disrupts the production
               | process
               | 
               | Sure, but that's the effect or unpredictable price
               | changes, not inflation. USD is inflationary, Bitcoin is
               | deflationary, but future (short or long term) prices of
               | other goods and services in USD have a _lot_ less
               | uncertainty than those in Bitcoin. Inflation is not at
               | all the same thing as difficulty projecting future
               | prices.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Inflation is not the same as price gouging.
               | 
               | Price gouging is a legal term for people/retailers taking
               | advantage of shortages or spikes in demand by charging
               | well over market price for basic necessities.
        
       | lonk wrote:
       | Mining yellow from green can help.
        
       | xyzelement wrote:
       | I think the color purple is considered regal because whatever the
       | dye used to be made from (crushed marine life or something like
       | that) was very expensive. So if you had purple, it meant you were
       | rich.
       | 
       | It would be kinda funny if blue things became a sign of wealth
       | because of this.
        
         | routerl wrote:
         | It wasn't just any purple, but the particular purple that came
         | from a species of sea snail. For example, purple dyes were
         | common in China many centuries before the Roman Tyrian Purple
         | we're talking about, but never gained this luxury status.
         | 
         | So it's worth pointing out that Tyrian Purple was an
         | exceptionally long lasting dye; it did not fade when left in
         | the sun, or after washing. Compared to other purple fabrics,
         | Tyrian Purple fabrics always looked brand new, and I suspect
         | that _this_ is the real origin of their high-status
         | associations.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | So it was expensive to make _and worth the expense involved_
           | because of it 's unusual durability. It wasn't some
           | artificial scarcity, like modern day diamonds, nor "valuable"
           | merely because it was scarce.
           | 
           | Thank you for that. That's a wonderful bit of trivia.
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | Well, "worth it" is a stretch - I think they almost put the
             | snail to extinction from needing so much of it.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | I meant financially.
               | 
               | People have been doing terrible environmental damage to
               | indulge themselves for eons. We aren't exactly the
               | brightest bulb in the box about some things.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-22 23:00 UTC)