[HN Gopher] People Who Jump to Conclusions Show Other Kinds of T...
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       People Who Jump to Conclusions Show Other Kinds of Thinking Errors
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 143 points
       Date   : 2021-10-21 11:04 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | RandomLensman wrote:
       | That lake fishing example is terrible without any indication what
       | "most" really means. If I take that to mean that 99% of all fish
       | in one of the lakes are red, then seeing one red fish already
       | makes me pretty confident which lake it is from.
       | 
       | There is also this massive assumption in whole thing that
       | investing time to study or decide actually increases positive
       | outcomes. Might need to show that and then see if time spent vs.
       | possible upside is well allocated.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | I'd wager that's part of the puzzle - lacking information, you
         | jump to the conclusion that 99% are single color in a given
         | lake. But, "most" could be 51% or anywhere in between.
         | 
         | How many fish do you need to catch to be relatively confident
         | you've covered the 51% possibility? 2-3? 9-10? I'm sure there's
         | a mathematic solution, but my gut tells me I'd want more than
         | 2-3. Maybe as many as 10 or 20, depending on how frequently
         | fish are caught.
        
           | hannasanarion wrote:
           | The confidence is pretty easy to calculate with Bayes rule.
           | p(redLake|redFish)= p(redFish|redLake)*p(redLake)/p(redFish).
           | 
           | If you're doing multiple experiments, then you can say that
           | p(redLake) is your belief and update it by multiplying by
           | p(redFish|redLake)/p(redFish) every time you see a red fish,
           | and its inverse whenever you see a grey fish.
           | 
           | If both of the lakes are 49-51, the update size is 0.51/0.50
           | = 1.02. Each red fish you see should increase your confidence
           | in the red lake by 2% over whatever it was before, and vice
           | versa.
           | 
           | Assuming your original assumption is 50-50: After you see one
           | red fish, you can be 51% confident in the red lake. If you've
           | seen 5 more red fish than grey, you can be 55% confident. If
           | you've seen 10 more red fish than grey, you can be 60%
           | confident. If you've seen 30 more red fish than grey, you can
           | be 90% confident.
           | 
           | If the proportion of fish in each lake is more substantial,
           | your bayesian update is larger and your confidence increases
           | faster. If each lake is 90% one color, a single piece of
           | evidence should give you 90% confidence.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Haha i am a person who jumps to conclusions, and i actually
       | bought my most recent car after 1.5 visits to dealerships (i
       | tried BMW but the dealer was rude to me so i left before i
       | actually found out anything, and went straight to Volvo and i am
       | super happy with my new S60). So i think i am qualified for an
       | opinion :D
       | 
       | One thing that hits me is conspiracy theories. Although i am not
       | buying into any of the currently circulating ones (covid
       | deliberately invented by Chinese, mind control chips and 5G,
       | faked Moon landings), i understand people who do. Actually,
       | hiding link between cell phones and cancer was a very viable idea
       | through ~mid-2000s when cell phones became just way too numerous
       | so if the link was true, it would become impossible to hide (and
       | this is about the time when i heard of this theory a lot, then it
       | gradually subsided, i haven't really heard of it in any serious
       | manner in the last 10 years). After all, we know that they quite
       | deliberately denied addictiveness of tobacco? They denied harm
       | from leaded gasoline and lead water pipes? There is so much nasty
       | crap authorities concealed or actively denied because they made
       | money on it. They still deny how dangerous and addictive sugar
       | is. Many of them still deny global warming.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | Abiogenic origin of oil in the Earth's crust. There's no strong
         | scientific evidence for it, so I can't bring myself to believe
         | it; but I can't bring myself to dismiss it, either. It somehow
         | strikes a cord in me as a reasonable thing.
         | 
         | I have to keep telling myself "It's probably not true," but if
         | it ever turns out to be proven, I'd be shouting "I KNEW IT!"
        
       | rmorey wrote:
       | It's a "Jump to Conclusions Mat". You see, it is a mat that you
       | put on the floor, and it has different CONCLUSIONS written on it
       | that you could JUMP TO.
        
         | jcadam wrote:
         | That is the worst idea I've ever heard.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | I envy you.
        
       | tomlue wrote:
       | people underestimate the cost of dwelling on problems. There is
       | great value to coming to conclusions quickly.
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | The article lacked a single counter-example to show when jumping
       | to a conclusion might be advantageous.
       | 
       | And yet much of life is dominated by such cases.
       | 
       | Great ball players jump all the time.
       | 
       | Hunters jump or go hungry.
       | 
       | Soldiers jump or get jumped.
       | 
       | Financial traders jump all day long. It doesn't mean they don't
       | study at night, but during they day, they don't spend time
       | pondering trades that disappear as fast as a gap in traffic.
       | 
       | Maitre d's jump.
       | 
       | Taxi drivers jump.
       | 
       | Fork lift drivers jump.
       | 
       | Customs inspectors jump.
       | 
       | Politicians jump.
       | 
       | Not everyone jumps.
       | 
       | Engineers work things out. But they still have to jump sometimes
       | before the factory explodes or the heat shield disintegrates or
       | the oxygen runs out.
        
         | gilmore606 wrote:
         | Fortune favors the bold. People telling you to never be bold
         | want all the fortune.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Conspiracy theories are a manifestation of skepticism.
       | 
       | One insight recently in the political theater is to determine
       | what your audience is skeptical of. Everyone is skeptical of
       | something, and these biases, when pinpointed, can be
       | illuminating.
       | 
       | On any topic you can split skepticism into groups. Are you more
       | skeptical of government? The pharmaceutical industry?
       | Corporations? Which?
        
         | tgflynn wrote:
         | > Conspiracy theories are a manifestation of skepticism.
         | 
         | They're a manifestation of biased skepticism. Conspiracy
         | theorists tend to be skeptical of everything except their own
         | favorite conspiracy theories.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | All skepticism is biased by one's background. The 'quid est
           | veritas' of our age will become more difficult with all the
           | noise, deep fakes, powerful interests, etc.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | IMO, they are born from distrust rather than skepticism, even
           | though they are clearly related.
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | Conspiracy theories aren't 100% irrational. It's irrational to
       | assume that they are all 100% wrong and don't contain any correct
       | or at least useful information. People do make plans together and
       | influential people do tend to hang out together... It's not
       | illogical to assume that they hatch plans to maintain the social
       | order in a way that works for them and that some of these plans
       | will be at the expense of the general population. Of course
       | saying this isn't mathematically rigorous but each person who
       | reads this should know axiomatically from first hand observation
       | that rich people do hang out together and that rich people are
       | generally good at implementating their visions/plans (how else
       | they got rich?).
       | 
       | This kind of logic is acceptable because decisions about one's
       | life can never be made on the basis of mathematically rigorous
       | information because you very rarely come across such kind of
       | information in your day to day life. To suggest that the
       | mainstream consensus is always accurate is to deny past history
       | and present reality. No matter your religion, you can always
       | point to incredibly large groups of people who believe some facts
       | that you perceive to be incorrect.
        
         | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
         | I think the problem is that people don't follow through their
         | thinking or double check their facts, leading to flights of
         | fancy.
         | 
         | This is why Occam's razor is such a useful tool. Suppose your
         | conspiracy is correct. Now how many things do you have to
         | explain to make this conspiracy work? If it's too many, maybe
         | your ideas are wrong and you need a simpler answer.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | People conspire all the time, so there's bound to be conspiracy
         | theories that are true. I think it's telling that the author
         | uses the moon landing as an example, which to me seems to be
         | among the least likely (but somewhat popular) theories. All
         | credible evidence points to the moon landing actually
         | happening, making it a good candidate for this study. Simply
         | labeling that "endorse conspiracy theories" is a bit
         | thoughtless though.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | The "fake" moon landings is an interesting example; although
           | the number of direct eye-witnesses is tiny, there are
           | thousands of scientists and engineers at NASA that will
           | queue-up to testify they really happened, and nobody who
           | actually knows anything will deny it.
           | 
           | But the affirmers are all people in white lab-coats, and many
           | people automatically distrust anyone in a white lab-coat. No
           | "ordinary people" went to the moon and witnessed it
           | themselves. I believe you could pick out the lunar lander
           | from Earth, using a BIG telescope, as a small dot. But no
           | amateur stargazer could do that. So all the affirmative
           | testimony comes from a group of people who were all working
           | for the same team.
           | 
           | So if you don't trust that team, there's no reliable evidence
           | _against_ the CT. (There 's no evidence _for_ it either; but
           | if you don 't trust the people who know, then to doubt seems
           | rational)
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | Yes, the level of evidence kind of depends on your world-
             | view. I would have said that the fact that both the US and
             | the USSR both claimed it happened, with the USSR seemingly
             | only losing from that, is already strongly in support of
             | the moon landing being real. But some people divide the
             | world differently, to them it's politicians and mainstream
             | media, and scientists employed by them, who are making that
             | claim, which makes that group look much less diverse.
             | 
             | I imagine you could just as easily make a study "people who
             | look at fewer partitions of datasets reach wrong
             | conclusions more often". Just as you can sample more fish
             | from a lake and see if there's a pattern in their color,
             | you can try to look at more perspectives and see if there's
             | a pattern one way or the other.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > Conspiracy theories aren't 100% irrational.
         | 
         | The term is often used to refer to implausible "theories" that
         | make very strong claims, but have zero supporting evidence and
         | make zero testable predictions.
         | 
         | Of course, it's true that people conspire all the time.
         | 
         | Implausible "theories" that make strong claims are exciting and
         | entertaining. They're fun to play with. They become a problem
         | when they go viral, among groups of people with limited
         | critical thinking skills.
         | 
         | The internet has been responsible for this, by democratising
         | information. Anyone who failed at school can still look up
         | shifty research papers online, misunderstand them, and not not
         | know how to evaluate the evidence.
         | 
         | This is a social pandemic, and I have no idea what the cure is.
         | But I'm certain the cure _isn 't_ more censorship.
         | 
         | > you can always point to incredibly large groups of people who
         | believe some facts that you perceive to be incorrect.
         | 
         | Hardly any propositions about the world are "mathematically
         | rigorous" - there's nearly always a big chunk of judgement
         | needed to decide the truth of a proposition. That doesn't mean
         | that all judgements have equal value; some beliefs are
         | "wronger" than others. There seem to be large groups of people
         | with opinions that are screamingly, obviously, completely
         | wrong, and as close to 100% irrational as makes no difference.
         | 
         | Some "conspiracy theories" lack adequate supporting evidence,
         | but are at least arguable. For example, it's a fact that in the
         | past, groups of people have been given vaccines that were
         | deliberately contaminated by the manufacturer. It's therefore
         | not unreasonable to ask for evidence that this hasn't happened
         | in the case of e.g. COVID vaccines.
         | 
         | I prefer to reserve the term "conspiracy theory" for that class
         | of opinions that is obviously completely batshit.
        
           | notreallyserio wrote:
           | > They become a problem when they go viral, among groups of
           | people with limited critical thinking skills.
           | 
           | Agreed, and to expand on this: I believe another problem is
           | that these conspiracy theorists also believe that they have
           | secret knowledge that the man doesn't want you to have.
           | Finally, they are smarter about something than those folks
           | with education and success.
           | 
           | This makes them an easy target for real conspiracies,
           | conspiracies by folks that merely want to take their money.
           | See, for example, the anti-GMO movement and specifically the
           | anti-GMO seed packs you can buy.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | > See, for example, the anti-GMO movement
             | 
             | I'm against GMO. Not because I believe retail GMO food is
             | likely to be harmful; I mean, harmful foods _could_ be
             | made, but we have testing.
             | 
             | I'm against GMO because (a) a lot of GMO plants have been
             | engineered to be grown with heavy use of herbicides and
             | pesticides, (b) GMO crops make a farm non-organic, and I'm
             | in favour of organic farming for environmental reasons; and
             | (c) GMO companies lobby incessantly against food labelling.
             | If a food supplier doesn't want to label my food, then
             | absent any other excuse, I presume there's something they
             | don't want me to know (yes, I read food labels in
             | supermarkets. I carry a credit-card-sized magnifier in my
             | wallet, for that purpose).
             | 
             | What is an "anti-GMO seed pack"? Would that just be a pack
             | containing seeds that are not genetically modified?
        
               | bulatb wrote:
               | It's rational for them to lobby against GMO labeling
               | because it's a lose-lose proposition, even if they
               | honestly believe their food is safe and eat it
               | themselves. Either it scares off consumers (some of whom
               | won't know what GMO means but understandably assume it's
               | bad because it's disclosed) or they have to spend a bunch
               | of money on "consumer education" and lose some of them
               | anyway.
               | 
               | That's whether GMOs are safe or not.
               | 
               | Water companies would also lobby against "Warning: heavy
               | water" and Cisco would lobby against "gigahertz
               | radiation" labels, but not because they have something to
               | hide.
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | You probably mean "hard water"?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > Doesn't mean they're hiding something.
               | 
               | No it doesn't.
               | 
               | But without a label of the form "contains GM
               | ingredients", I am being deprived of choice about what I
               | eat. It's reasonable to expect people to care a lot about
               | what they eat.
               | 
               | > Water companies would also lobby against "heavy water"
               | labels
               | 
               | If you mean labelling ordinary water as "heavy" because
               | it contains a tiny amount of deuterium, I'm not that's
               | analogous. Even if it is, I'm not sure that saying "They
               | would say that, wouldn't they" makes their arguments
               | against labelling more persuasive.
        
               | bulatb wrote:
               | It's not a prefect analogy because it only really
               | captures the producer's point of view. They _are_ hiding
               | the product 's heaviness or GMOness itself, but because
               | they think that doesn't tell you anything about its
               | safety or general worthiness and so should not be part of
               | your decision.
               | 
               | You should still be able to avoid the product for
               | environmental reasons, or just because, but of course
               | they don't think so. (HN's favorite Sinclair quote about
               | men and salaries and understanding.)
        
         | Gunax wrote:
         | There are degrees of conspiracy theory, and as a term it's been
         | highly undermined and politicized, sort of like 'fake news'.
         | 
         | I think that it's easy to fall into a false dichotomy between
         | 'believing that everything conventional is true' and
         | 'conapiracy theories are real'.
         | 
         | Sometimes conspiracy theorists defend themselves by asking
         | things like 'do you trust the
         | government/corporations/church...?' as if I must either trust
         | everything a government has ever said or (eg.) believe it's
         | harbouring secret ET bases. Or that no doctor has ever lied or
         | they are hiding the secret cancer cure.
         | 
         | And yea, maybe I am missing something that's real. The issue is
         | that there is such a deluge of crap, that no one can possibly
         | know every theory. You could spend months or years just
         | researching one of (9/11, crisis actor, qanon, moon landing,
         | telepathy, etc).
         | 
         | We may just be talking about different types of conspiracy
         | theories though, as mentioned by the other responder.
        
       | scandox wrote:
       | Lots of people hum and haw and get things totally wrong. The
       | question is not how fast you jump but how well prepared the
       | ground of your thought was for the situation.
        
       | xyzzy21 wrote:
       | It's about impulse control.
       | 
       | Most criminals do not have it either.
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | This describes my world in programming. I have learned to be
       | careful and deliberate in software efforts, and it pays. But I
       | work with quite a few type 1 jumpers that spend countless wasted
       | hours trying to solve problems because they jump too fast to
       | conclusions. FD, I'm often accused by friends and family of
       | overthinking things.
       | 
       | I'm curious if there's a correlation between type 1 jumpers and
       | people who are more entrepreneurial risk takers.
        
       | droptablemain wrote:
       | https://archive.md/49OLq
        
       | ARandomerDude wrote:
       | This headline and article are essentially, "Foolish people are
       | often foolish."
        
       | micdr0p wrote:
       | I always thought I was too quick to jump to conclusions. After
       | reading this, I'm not so sure I am any more.
       | 
       | I guess the true conclusion-jumpers don't think they are.
       | 
       | David Dunning strikes again!
        
         | dsizzle wrote:
         | Haha. (I had just come here to note one of the authors is the
         | Dunning from the Dunning-Krueger effect -- I honestly didn't
         | know anything about him, such as whether he was still alive!)
        
       | sharklazer wrote:
       | An experiment based on drawing red or grey balls/fish/things...
       | 
       | You know, this really isn't a valid experiment. If you do the
       | probability calculations then 2-3 draws is all you need. All this
       | is based on the assumption getting red or grey is high
       | probability, >90%.
       | 
       | This is exactly how distributors do defect testing on lots
       | incoming goods.
        
       | iammisc wrote:
       | This thread is basically chock full of people jumping to
       | conclusions, including myself. It seems to me that jumping to
       | conclusions is part of the human condition, and I find it
       | difficult to blame them for that.
        
       | greenail wrote:
       | I think most people on this thread have jumped to apply this
       | generally when I think it is intended to be focused on
       | schizophrenia. I also think the research shows that bias
       | intervention training doesn't really take over the long run and I
       | question how useful this is for the average joe.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | "Jumpers," as described mostly just lacked a fear of consequences
       | of being wrong and were presented with an incentive to guess. Not
       | to be conspiratorial, but one can't help but notice a recent
       | preoccupation in mainstream outlets with pathologizing conspiracy
       | theorists, dissenters, and now, "jumpers."
       | 
       | Referencing Khaneman and Tversky's "system 1 and system 2" from
       | their bestseller Thinking Fast and Slow without crediting it
       | seems to be more about avoiding the scrutiny that would draw, and
       | instead, appearing authoritative with statements about how
       | ancient psychological researchers commonly distinguish between
       | these types of thought. We should even be concerned someone who
       | could be a "jumper," may also have schizophrenia, as our thinking
       | may have applications to that.
       | 
       | Maybe it's interesting, or maybe on closer inspection and
       | thoughtful consideration it resembles propaganda to ignore your
       | instincts, trust the narrative, and provides blunt tools for
       | being suspicious of others who don't. If only most people were
       | smart and comfortable enough to jump to conclusions and then
       | course correct as needed, we could avoid the consequences of
       | groupthink by those who fear criticism above all.
        
         | macksd wrote:
         | > lacked a fear of consequences of being wrong
         | 
         | This is interesting. It used to be that some of the people
         | we're discussing, let's use flat-earthers as an example, were
         | just really, really committed to their idea. It was their whole
         | identity and persona, and they would just never be able to
         | accept anything different. This seems to me to be the opposite
         | of what you describe. It's like they were terrified of being
         | wrong, so they embraced not admitting it no matter what. They
         | would never accept that they had been wrong. (With a few
         | exceptions - I've engaged with A LOT of flat-earthers and some
         | of them do give me the impression they just like playing
         | devil's advocate, etc.)
         | 
         | Lately though, QAnon seems to have embraced this idea. They've
         | made statements that will be very quickly falsifiable, and will
         | actually say "Who cares if it's not true - we just support
         | patriotism / freedom, etc. and what part of that do you
         | disagree with?" They'll make statements that will be very
         | quickly falsifiable (for instance, I saw a post claiming Nancy
         | Pelosi had been arrested for high crimes, and Trump was now
         | making his move - but a few days later obviously that wasn't
         | true). _That 's_ what I call a lack of fear of consequences of
         | being wrong. But to me it seems a new phenomenon.
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | I'm a right winger. I don't know any Q people. It seems to me
           | that mostly left wingers know Q people and know all the
           | details. My leftist father in law will explain in detail to
           | me everything Q said, and I just nod along going like... why
           | would you even bother reading this stuff?
        
             | macksd wrote:
             | I know several in person. I'm probably right of center and
             | definitely live in a predominantly right area. They put it
             | on their IG stories and they bring it up in person. Without
             | cutting them off socially, not really sure how I can avoid
             | hearing it from time to time.
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | > Not to be conspiratorial, but one can't help but notice a
         | recent preoccupation in mainstream outlets with pathologizing
         | conspiracy theorists, dissenters, and now, "jumpers."
         | 
         | No conspiracies needed. QAnon type conspiracies are more
         | visible than ever (as they get blown up on social media) and
         | personally I've seemed to notice a pretty big uptick in 'uncle
         | so and so went off the deep end so we had to cut off
         | communication' type stories.
         | 
         | This increase in attention feeds news stories about conspiracy
         | adherents (and anybody that can be lumped in with them, even if
         | it's not warranted).
         | 
         | > maybe on closer inspection and thoughtful consideration it
         | resembles propaganda to ignore your instincts, trust the
         | narrative, and provides blunt tools for being suspicious of
         | others who don't
         | 
         | This is almost all "news" nowadays. Antifa is running the left,
         | QAnon is running the right, somebody is out to get you and ruin
         | the American way of life and we're going to tell you who the
         | bad people are if you just tune in for our next segment.
        
           | notreallyserio wrote:
           | > I've seemed to notice a pretty big uptick in 'uncle so and
           | so went off the deep end so we had to cut off communication'
           | type stories.
           | 
           | I wonder how long that sort of cutting off has been happening
           | in the past. I know there are members of my extended family I
           | don't associate with due to their crazy beliefs, but I
           | haven't talked about it.
        
             | helen___keller wrote:
             | My personal opinion is that the pandemic offered a unique
             | opportunity for hidden 'crazy beliefs' to expose
             | themselves.
             | 
             | If Uncle Bob in 2017 believed that the federal reserve was
             | run by a cabal hoarding 90% of our tax money to enrich
             | themselves, nobody would really care unless he feels the
             | need to bring it up in every conversation to the detriment
             | of normal human interaction.
             | 
             | If Uncle Bob in 2020 believes that, he probably also
             | believes that the cabal is using masks to control the
             | population, which causes an immediate conflict when he
             | insists on going unmasked everywhere, including visits to
             | elderly grandma. And then in 2021 that belief probably gets
             | extended to vaccines.
             | 
             | In other words, the pandemic offered a unique opportunity
             | for conspiracy theories to conflict with day-to-day life in
             | a way that wasn't true before the pandemic.
        
               | rglover wrote:
               | > he probably also believes
               | 
               | The entire problem. You're not speaking to this person to
               | figure out what they actually believe, you're forming a
               | belief based on your own assumption.
        
               | helen___keller wrote:
               | This is a hypothetical person, so no, I am not speaking
               | to the hypothetical person.
               | 
               | My point is that IF uncle bob's belief system segued into
               | beliefs about masks and vax, then it becomes more visible
               | and causes conflict with family members who didn't give a
               | shit about the previous belief system; not that all
               | conspiracies will necessarily turn into beliefs about
               | masks and vax.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | It seems to me that there's been an uptick in cutting off
               | family members because it sends a social signal to those
               | you're speaking with that you're the kind of person that
               | only cavorts with rational people. Given how
               | individualistic america is today, cutting off your family
               | for 'rationality's sake is seen as a good thing, whereas
               | to most cultures, this is seen as utterly horrific.
               | 
               | Well that and the preponderance of cutting off
               | hypothetical family members.
        
               | motohagiography wrote:
               | This is an interesting one because the pandemic policy
               | response divide is right on the line where it created an
               | unlikely coaltion of superstitious villagers, with 2+
               | stddev intelligence people in the habit of checking their
               | priors and rejecting perceived obvious untruths. To
               | extend the metaphor, perhaps it's a coalition of people
               | beyond a stddev in both directions, who together form a
               | huge cohort, if not even potentially a small majority.
               | They share the same sentiments and instincts about
               | concreteness and untruth, but have radically different
               | tools to express it.
               | 
               | What broke pandemic policy is it was run by people who
               | believe sincerely that they need to deceive people for
               | their own good. It's the maternalism of noble lies. While
               | there is a lot of uncertainty in policy circles about
               | science and truth, there is very little uncertainty about
               | power, and when you have that, truth is what you say it
               | is.
               | 
               | The policy response is absolutely using the crisis as
               | leverage to ensconce measures that would not have been
               | legally or politically possible without it. The only
               | meaningful question (I think) is whether the people
               | behind the policies and supporting them are protagonists
               | or antagonists. Almost nobody is asking, "wait, are we
               | the baddies?" The reason "the banality of evil," is such
               | a controversial idea is it places more intellectual and
               | moral responsibility on each of us than the long tail of
               | people are willing or able to accept, and so it's easier
               | to attack the person with the idea than clear the bar it
               | implies.
               | 
               | That's not conspiratorial, that's critical, and I'm
               | sympathetic to people accused of conspiracy thinking
               | because we've let the culture conflate those - to whose
               | benefit is left as an exercise to the reader. ;)
        
               | helen___keller wrote:
               | Discussing pandemic policy here is off-topic, but going
               | back to my previous post:
               | 
               | > This increase in attention feeds news stories about
               | conspiracy adherents (and anybody that can be lumped in
               | with them, even if it's not warranted).
               | 
               | Emphasis on the last bit: whether your contrarian
               | position is "+2 sigma" (as you state) or -2 sigma, you
               | will definitely be lumped in with the other group by some
               | targeted news program.
               | 
               | > to whose benefit is left as an exercise
               | 
               | To everyone's detriment really. Every accuser is also
               | accused. Mainstream news these days is as much a target
               | of conspiracies as they are accusers of conspiracy
               | theorists. So too are leftists, rightists, contrarians,
               | and of course actual conspiracy theorists. Everyone is
               | accusing everyone else of something, to a net negative on
               | society.
               | 
               | Every leftist is accused of marxism, every conservative
               | accused of white supremacy, and so on. It's a miserable
               | state of affairs with no nuance or productive discussion.
               | Even the platforms (Facebook et al) that promulgate the
               | inflammation of public discourse are themselves
               | increasingly under fire by both sides of the aisle for
               | various reasons to the point that both breaking up tech
               | companies or heavily regulating their platforms are
               | regularly discussed and promoted by lawmakers (ie
               | Facebook and family face existential threats because they
               | are so accused of poisoning the well, which well they
               | have done to be fair but that's really just the nature of
               | social media).
        
               | motohagiography wrote:
               | So we're not talking past each other, your example of
               | conspiracy uncles was attitudes toward masks, which is
               | pandemic policy, so it is precisely on topic as an
               | example.
               | 
               | Conspiracy theories are rooted in (if not defined as) the
               | logic of uncharitable interpretations, and I'm saying the
               | source of that is whether the subject of the theory is
               | viewed as a protagonist or antagonist. Conflating the
               | dumb and the smart in that stddev/sigma view is an
               | artifact of that uncharitable thinking as well, where the
               | average person has been trained to think the common are
               | stupid and the exceptional are insane.
               | 
               | Optimistically, we can dislodge that, and I'd emphasize
               | this uncharitable cognitive bias as the source of the
               | divide.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | I've always felt like the belief in a large group of
         | "conspiracy theorists" is probably one of the biggest
         | "conspiracy theories".
         | 
         | A friend of a relative is an apparent flat earther - my
         | relative is always saying things like "oh you wouldn't believe
         | what this guy thinks, he says the world is actually shaped like
         | a UN map, what a goof". In this situation, which of the two is
         | actually the more gullible? From the situations I hear
         | described, it's pretty clear the guy just likes to tease, and
         | enjoys the "intellectual exercise" - for some value of
         | intellectual - of tearing down commonly held truths by
         | providing alternatives, even if they are silly. I've seen the
         | same thing with moon landing and 9/11. People like to use these
         | as strawmen about look at all the nuts out there, we need to
         | control what people can read, but this is just an excuse for
         | shutting down opinions they don't like.
        
           | flipflip wrote:
           | > we need to control what people can read
           | 
           | Why do we need that? I find this type of control suffocating
           | and it is just a patch for deeper seated problems, mistrust
           | of authority for example.
        
             | flipflip wrote:
             | I think the people falling for conspiracy theories are
             | thoroughly demoralized. They are so far in the rabbit hole
             | that they cannot even acknowledge reality any longer. That
             | won't be fixed by stopping people to read things. I think
             | it will only add to the underlying mistrust and make it
             | worse.
             | 
             | You need to find out why that happened and fix that.
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | I wrote "People like to use these as strawmen about look at
             | all the nuts out there, we need to control what people can
             | read"
             | 
             | The grammar was very poor. I meant the "look at all the
             | nuts out there, we need to control what people can read" as
             | the false conclusion that might be drawn by someone who
             | believes conspiracy theories are rampant.
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | > From the situations I hear described, it's pretty clear the
           | guy just likes to tease, and enjoys the "intellectual
           | exercise"
           | 
           | This was the default assumption for plenty of people when
           | they first hear about real flat earthers, but unfortunately
           | it appears to quickly devolve into actual, very firm beliefs
           | for many people.
           | 
           | This whole phenomenon of "LARPing" your way into a conspiracy
           | ( _I 'm going to start posting about the Jewish cabal
           | controlling the world because it's "edgy," it triggers people
           | online, and it's a fun intellectual exercise to see if I can
           | gather as many pieces of evidence as possible_) and then
           | actually believing it seems to honestly explain how a lot of
           | these conspiracy theories end up gaining so much momentum.
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | It's hard to get into peoples' heads, but in my experience,
             | I've known people who were into conspiracy X, but did not
             | want to admit that they believe in conspiracy X at first,
             | so they told their friends that they were just joking,
             | being edgy or learning more about it, etc.
             | 
             | After a while, they just grow tired of keeping up
             | appearances, or maybe a famous person talks about
             | conspiracy X, so they are no longer embarrassed by their
             | belief, etc.
        
             | umvi wrote:
             | > but unfortunately it appears to quickly devolve into
             | actual, very firm beliefs for many people.
             | 
             | Is it possible to quantify "many people"? Like, what
             | percentage of people that are ostensibly flat earthers are
             | actually genuine flat earthers vs. trolls? I would guess
             | trolls make up the majority of internet flat earthers.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | Trying to ascribe the intent of an action rather than
               | focusing on the action itself is part of the problem in
               | this circumstance. It's impossible to know how many are
               | sincere, or how many are trolls pretending to be sincere,
               | or how many are sincere but are pretending to be trolls
               | so as to plausibly deny their sincere beliefs, etc. At
               | the end of the day, the intent doesn't matter. If one is
               | in a public forum (especially an anonymous/pseudonymous
               | public forum) then the only thing to judge is one's
               | actions, not their intentions, and if their actions are
               | deliberately stupid, then we must assume they are simply
               | stupid, and not merely pretending to be stupid. This
               | approach obviously has problems, but there's no other
               | tractable solution. The internet (especially Poe's Law)
               | has killed satire.
        
               | GoblinSlayer wrote:
               | Flat earther trolls that I saw didn't look sincere or
               | stupid, they looked ironic.
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | Yeah, I dunno. My mother-in-law picked up bona fide crazy
           | beliefs when she started using Youtube about 4 years ago. She
           | started with "Proof the world is going to end in 2018/19"
           | videos that she would email me, then moved into some kind of
           | weird anti-CCP guo wengui / steve bannon phase, and currently
           | watches a daily update from "restored republic" which is
           | basically a monotone voice explaining all sorts of crazy shit
           | (energy and internet will soon be free, mass arrests are
           | happening, president trump is taking control of the military,
           | we're going to have a quantum banking system and everyone
           | will get free money back that the vatican stole from the US
           | through the federal reserve, ...)
           | 
           | This isn't a strawman intellectual exercise. If we're in the
           | car and talking about charging it, she will excitedly bring
           | up how electricity will be free soon and laugh when we
           | suggest that's a load of bull. She chose to not get
           | vaccinated because she believes the vaccine was engineered to
           | make you more susceptible to the "next virus" that the CCP is
           | planning to release.
           | 
           | I don't really understand how she can possibly believe so
           | much drivel, but she tunes in for her update every day, and
           | this is the only "news" she cares about.
           | 
           | edit: just to be clear, the "free energy" thing isn't about
           | government subsidizing electricity, it's about a device that
           | nikola tesla invented that creates electricity from nothing
           | but was suppressed for generations by the rich and powerful
           | vested interests of the fossil fuel industry.
        
           | tinco wrote:
           | Something like this happened on Reddit, with the
           | /r/the_donald subreddit. At first it was jokes at expense of
           | the man, then it transformed into jokingly supporting his
           | presidency. Then it became some quasi-intellectual support of
           | his presidency. Then it became actual non-ironic serious
           | support of his presidency through memes. And then when it
           | actually happened, it became a sort of cult worship site that
           | was eventually banned for supporting the more extreme
           | viewpoints that have been attributed to his supporters.
           | 
           | I like the idea of intellectual exercise, and I enjoyed
           | reading the sub when it was just fun and games. I stopped
           | reading it when they started to seriously support his
           | election. But people for sure lose themselves in the
           | delusions, especially if some part of it connects to them.
           | It's like some sort of cheat code into their minds. I have
           | friends who fell to the QAnon situation. If you told them 5
           | years ago that our government officials were satanic
           | ritualistic baby eaters, they'd laugh you out of the room and
           | tell you to have another beer. It doesn't really work that
           | way. No way in any serious debate could you ever convince
           | them of this. But now, after they've fell down the rabbit
           | hole some of them seriously unironically believe these things
           | could actually be true.
           | 
           | It's like they saying goes: If you open up your mind too
           | much, your brains will fall out.
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | That's an interesting narrative framing. I'm reading
             | Berger[1] at the moment and of course the social
             | reproduction of knowledge is a component of the work. Pg.
             | 76-77(in the linked copy) parallel your description of this
             | process though on a longer timescale. In social media
             | spaces, the playfulness and joking nature of the
             | progenitors, becomes habituated, and eventually
             | institutionalized over time.
             | 
             | What's surprising is the speed at which this happens. In
             | Berger's conceptualization is that this happens over the
             | course of lifetimes, while in the social media space, this
             | happens over the course of months.
             | 
             | My final point is that this is the reason why "jokes"[2]
             | are insidious. They will attract people who earnestly
             | believe they aren't just jokes which normalizes harassment.
             | 
             | [1] The Social Construction of Reality. Berger, Peter
             | http://perflensburg.se/Berger%20social-construction-of-
             | reali...
             | 
             | [2] A specific kind of harassment designed to habituate
             | abuse while also taking advantage of plausible deniability
             | by ostensibly also being a "joke".
        
             | jjkaczor wrote:
             | I think that was a great example of; 'normalization of
             | deviance' -
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | I wonder to what degree anybody's mind changed in that
             | subreddit, as opposed to the individuals being replaced
             | with others of different beliefs. That's always a question
             | when people attribute a collective with beliefs and other
             | similar characteristics. The 'collective' is an ever-
             | shifting amalgamation of different individuals.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Maybe it's LARPing or "intellectual exercise" for some, but
           | for many if not most, it's their reality. I've personally
           | tried to reason with some - it is truly and deeply a waste of
           | time.
           | 
           | They literally cannot see beyond their own senses, e.g., want
           | to see for themselves the curvature of the earth, yet they
           | believe that it is the case that every one of the billions of
           | photos of the earth from space or high altitude is faked, but
           | won't believe that people can go to space.
           | 
           | The psychological research that seems to best explain it is
           | that these people prefer to believe that the world is full of
           | and controlled by an evil secret cabal than live in the
           | reality of a world that is deeply random and uncertain.
        
             | motohagiography wrote:
             | Not disagreeing, but I think this idea of theorists
             | believing there are hidden patterns as an impotent attempt
             | to impose control on a random and uncertain world falls
             | into its own categorical/binary/blackandwhite trap that
             | also overlooks complexity.
             | 
             | Someone seeing periodicity or even symmetry, fractal self
             | simlarity, or isomorphic structure in something noisy could
             | just as easily be accused of apophenia until they produce
             | proof. That there is structure in the noise matters to the
             | theorist, but to the hegemon it's unimportant, if not
             | subversive and dangerous.
             | 
             | I prefer to look at it as having to do with how people
             | relate to power and truth and how they perecieve it.
        
           | crazy_horse wrote:
           | Read the conspiracy subreddit and get back with us.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | The conspiracy subreddit gets discredited for the random
             | stuff that gets posted on there, which ought to be expected
             | since they do little moderation.
             | 
             | On several key points, the conspiracy subreddit has been
             | correct. For example, in March 2020, they accurately
             | predicted the course of covid, namely that vaccines would
             | be developed, that there would be large-scale hesitancy,
             | and that this would be used to justify the keeping of covid
             | lockdowns / masking requirements / eviction moratoria far
             | beyond the stated 15 days. Regardless of your belief in
             | whether this was justified or not, this happened.
             | 
             | Similarly, the subreddit was correct about things later
             | revealed by edward snowden.
             | 
             | Of course the next post will be about lizard people, but
             | frankly, that doesn't mean we ought to discount the well
             | thought out, presented, and reasonable 'conspiracies' that
             | get trotted out there. Some of them actually happen.
             | 
             | It's just a bad place to trust, because they do no
             | moderation. On the other hand, the places that do moderate
             | are always behind on the things that end up being true.
        
             | HelixEndeavor wrote:
             | Go outside and get back to us.
        
           | depaya wrote:
           | You are being way too charitable. While there certainly are
           | people that fall into the category you claim... there are
           | many who are full blown Jewish space laser, government ice
           | wall, lizard people shadow government, 5g microchip tracker
           | crazies.
        
             | rglover wrote:
             | The entire "Jewish space laser" thing was never actually
             | said. She mentioned names of people who are Jewish, but
             | that terminology/connection was made by the media. Nothing
             | she said illuminated this connection in any way.
             | 
             | Was her point grounded in reality? Hell no. But the exact
             | point being made above is highlighted by your comment.
             | 
             | Her original post: https://politizoom.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2021/01/Greene-las....
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | To me, "Jewish space lasers" is a slight hyperbole of the
               | kind of rubbish we read from low-efforts trolls. I've
               | obviously read about Marjorie Taylor-Green, but not being
               | American I missed this gem.
               | 
               | That one could write that she did not _quite_ say that,
               | instead of the sane universe's version that she did not
               | say anything remotely like it truly is shocking. And
               | horrifying.
        
               | TigeriusKirk wrote:
               | The phenomenon of the exaggerations of "Jewish space
               | lasers" and "horse paste" is an interesting topic.
               | 
               | There's a perfectly reasonable point to be made in each
               | case, but many of the people making it feel the need to
               | overstate the case and make it even more absurd.
               | 
               | I think it's because mockery spreads faster on the
               | internet than a simple debunking. And so the thing being
               | debunked is turned into its most extreme form. Perhaps
               | even a step or two beyond a valid interpretation of
               | what's being asserted by the subject.
               | 
               | So with the Mockery Maximization Principle, you get a
               | meme that can spread very quickly and discredit the
               | target at the same time.
               | 
               | The problem with this technique is that it can backfire
               | if people start repeating it as what was actually being
               | asserted. For example, the horse paste meme has backfired
               | when it came to Rogan and the CNN doctor. When this
               | happens, now the debunkers are on the defensive and they
               | don't have a great way out of it since they're no longer
               | on the side of accuracy and truth.
        
               | rglover wrote:
               | > Mockery Maximization Principle
               | 
               | That's a great term.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | > The problem with this technique is that it can backfire
               | if people start repeating it as what was actually being
               | asserted. For example, the horse paste meme has backfired
               | when it came to Rogan and the CNN doctor. When this
               | happens, now the debunkers are on the defensive and they
               | don't have a great way out of it since they're no longer
               | on the side of accuracy and truth.
               | 
               | This is the problem with tribal audiences. CNN can say to
               | its audience (mainly older liberals) that ivermection is
               | horse paste, and face no repercussions. Conformity is so
               | valued by society as a whole, that no one is going to
               | stand up for the truth on CNN itself. But then in those
               | brief moments when the outside world comes in, their
               | bluff is called.
               | 
               | The right does it as well, and your mockery maximization
               | principle (great name BTW) mandates that the meme is
               | produced solely for their primary audience to sell
               | clicks.
        
               | jjkaczor wrote:
               | "but that terminology/connection was made by the media"
               | 
               | She put enough of her thoughts and 'research' into her
               | post that it was a 'dog whistle' for like-minded-
               | thinkers.
               | 
               | You do not always have to explicitly say something, to
               | actually say something...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)
        
               | rglover wrote:
               | No. This is a rationalization for a belief that is
               | incorrect.
        
               | jjkaczor wrote:
               | It can be both. Typically one doesn't need to rationalize
               | publically - by posting this thing to a large enough
               | audience, this was past the point of rationalization -
               | but was instead performative and seeking
               | agreement/attention and acknowledgment.
               | 
               | And rather than stating the incorrect belief explicitly,
               | she was using dog-whistle rhetoric techniques.
        
               | rglover wrote:
               | Again, you're rationalizing. You're making assumptions
               | about her intent without any evidence to the contrary.
               | This sort of thinking is the exact problem. You're
               | finding your own conclusion, accepting it as fact, and
               | then (in the case of the media) promoting that as what
               | took place. That's a lie, no matter how you twist it.
        
               | jjkaczor wrote:
               | The lie is pretending that people who post statements on
               | a platform like Twitter and have a wide-spread audience
               | or follower-base do not have any intent.
               | 
               | The lie is pretending that someones' written words are
               | not actually enough evidence to show their intent.
               | 
               | The lie is pretending that statements exist completely
               | isolated from any cultural or historical context.
               | Marjorie Taylor Green has a well documented history of
               | making very controversial statements.
               | 
               | The lie is ignoring the fact that time and time again
               | conspiracy theorists keep bringing up the same
               | scapegoats. Perhaps you are simply unaware that
               | historically, attempting to link things with "Rothschild"
               | is a very long-standing anti-semetic conspiracy and a
               | known dog whistle.
        
               | rglover wrote:
               | > The lie is pretending that people who post statements
               | on a platform like Twitter and have a wide-spread
               | audience or follower-base do not have any intent.
               | 
               | Assumption.
               | 
               | > The lie is pretending that someones' written words are
               | not actually enough evidence to show their intent.
               | 
               | Assumption.
               | 
               | > The lie is pretending that statements exist completely
               | isolated from any cultural or historical context.
               | Marjorie Taylor Green has a well documented history of
               | making very controversial statements.
               | 
               | Assumption.
               | 
               | > The lie is ignoring the fact that time and time again
               | conspiracy theorists keep bringing up the same
               | scapegoats.
               | 
               | Generalization.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | You're desperate to align reality with your opinion and
               | offering nothing but characters attacks and assumptions
               | as argumentation.
        
             | Cerium wrote:
             | Looks like we got one of the conspiracy theorist conspiracy
             | theorists. /s
        
       | willvarfar wrote:
       | The article opens with a couple of examples of people allegedly
       | not doing research:
       | 
       | 1. Most people make two trips or fewer to a dealership before
       | buying a car
       | 
       | 2. when picking a doctor, many individuals use recommendations
       | from friends and family rather than consulting other health care
       | professionals or "formal sources" such as employers, articles or
       | Web sites
       | 
       | And, of course, the last person I would look to for objective
       | advice on buying a car is a car salesman! Surely people have a
       | good idea what they are going to buy, what they are prepared to
       | spend and how they are expecting to finance it etc before going
       | to a dealership for the car?
       | 
       | Ditto too the doctor; if you are searching for a doctor, do you
       | go and cold call other doctors for an opinion? Or read the blurb
       | on a website provided by or sponsored by the employer? Its much
       | more straightforward to ask people you know which doctors they
       | recommend.
       | 
       | Is the subtext of the starting examples meant to be saying that
       | people should defer to car salesman and should ask doctors rather
       | than friends and family to recommend other doctors?
        
         | deft wrote:
         | It's not even subtext. The media has been screaming at everyone
         | to trust the experts and defer thinking.
        
           | tabtab wrote:
           | No, the problem is rejecting experts _in place of_ loud-
           | mouthed pundits, who either make crap up or cherry-pick
           | outlier expert viewpoints without telling you they are
           | outliers or bringing in non-outliers to counter.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | I bought my latest car in March. I performed most research and
         | all price negotiation online. Even at that, I still visited 4
         | dealers. The first two to test a large SUV, which I thought I
         | wanted, but ended up not liking. The third to test drive two
         | smaller SUVs. And the fourth to pick-up the SUV I eventually
         | purchased.
         | 
         | I wouldn't think this was an unusual pattern for many buyers in
         | the internet age.
        
           | nsxwolf wrote:
           | Last time we bought a car we knew what we wanted and what it
           | should cost, but had to visit multiple dealers because they
           | kept lying about availability, prices, etc.
        
         | cma wrote:
         | People may spend 3-4x as much time trying out and choosing a
         | car as buying an expensive TV, even though the car costs ~20X
         | more and more research, haggling, etc. on the car could be
         | worth 3 TVs, but more on the TV could only be like at most .2
         | TVs.
        
           | Ma8ee wrote:
           | Yes, but you very soon reach the point of diminishing returns
           | when you try to research any purchase. After a maximum a few
           | hours it is hard to find any more useful information about
           | most consumer goods. You have read all the specifications,
           | and the tests and the reviews and went to the stores to look
           | at the products in person. So even if you might spend half a
           | day researching an expensive TV, you won't make a better buy
           | of a car even if you spend more than a day or two
           | researching. And if you spend ten full days to buy a car, you
           | are most certainly wasting your time (and will lose more
           | income than you can optimise your car purchase).
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | People don't value money linearly. You wouldn't pay an
           | additional $10 for a cup of filter coffee, but most people
           | wouldn't think twice about paying an additional $10 for a
           | car. But it's the same amount of money, so surely that's
           | irrational in that situation.
           | 
           | In other situations it makes complete sense. If you have $1M,
           | losing $10 isn't nearly as big a deal as when those $10 were
           | all you had.
           | 
           | If you try to apply game theory to economics you apply a
           | utility function to money to model this, and a logarithmic
           | function maps quite well to how humans think about money.
        
             | vincentmarle wrote:
             | Not disagreeing with your conclusion but there's a
             | difference between spending $10 more for 3 years of utility
             | vs $10 more for 3 minutes of utility.
        
             | FartyMcFarter wrote:
             | > But it's the same amount of money, so surely that's
             | irrational in that situation.
             | 
             | Not necessarily, since many people buy coffee way more
             | often than they buy a car.
        
         | mberning wrote:
         | I agree. As a person that has bought many new cars I try to
         | spend as little time at the dealer as possible. I would assume
         | most savvy buyers do as well. Getting a hard sell or bad
         | information from an aggressive associate is not high on my list
         | of things to do.
         | 
         | Same goes for doctors. I need a recommendation for somebody in
         | my area that I can work with. If a close friend likes a doctor
         | there is probably a decent chance I will like them as well. I
         | can also google them and things like that before deciding to
         | go. It also isn't a lifetime commitment. If I don't like them I
         | can change doctors very easily.
        
         | austincheney wrote:
         | What the article hints at but does not discuss is _time to
         | action_. For example, a bad decision can be revisited but the
         | time lost to indecision is forever gone.
         | 
         | Some people are comfortable making hasty decisions. Just
         | because a person visited only one car dealer does not suggest a
         | lack of prior research. A person may know exactly what they
         | want and the price range they are willing to pay for it with
         | features they want. The last time I bought a car I went to one
         | dealer and told them I want these features. They called around
         | to various other dealers on my behalf because they wanted my
         | business and they knew what to look for.
         | 
         | Time to action stresses arbitrary decisions which may not be
         | hasty (no planning or research). The goal of a well considered
         | time to action is to act quickly but in balance for risk
         | analysis. This means either having a remediation already
         | available or transferring the risk to someone else in order to
         | make a decision now consequences be damned.
        
         | IanSanders wrote:
         | Perhaps the author jumped to a conclusion that number of
         | dealership visits correlates with informedness.
        
           | medstrom wrote:
           | It seems reasonable to me; maybe I'm not modeling "most
           | people" well, but it's hard to imagine someone going to
           | dealerships multiple times for information; rather, they are
           | shopping around for the dealerships to underbid each other so
           | they can get a better price. That's a tip I read on the
           | internet.
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | That's a tip that was valid before internet pricing became
             | a thing. Essentially, the price you see online is the price
             | you pay now, because dealers have (mostly, and FINALLY)
             | learned that if I don't see it at a good price, I'm not
             | interested. Some still have the 'come in to see the price'
             | and they don't move the volume of those with robust
             | internet sales teams [source here that i don't have. Anyone
             | have one?]
             | 
             | Now the extra costs come in on accessories, service plans,
             | and warranties, whereas they used to make more profit on
             | the actual sales.
             | 
             | We just bought a vehicle in March, and it was the best,
             | least friction experience buying a car. I found the package
             | I wanted, I found the color I wanted, I evaluated the price
             | against online sources such as KBB, truecar, and those
             | types of things, then I contacted the dealer who had it in
             | stock online and set a date to come buy it. They didn't try
             | any weird old-timey car sales tactics, because the price is
             | the price. They offered extras, add-ons, the warranties,
             | and service packages, with clear prices, and were
             | respectful when I declined.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | My wife and I have made one trip for every car that we bought.
         | 
         | 1. We wanted a used Honda Civic. We found a used Honda Civic
         | online, at a good price relative to Blue Book. We went to the
         | dealership and bought the Honda Civic.
         | 
         | 2. We wanted a used Honda CR-V. We found a used Honda CR-V
         | online, at a good price relative to Blue Book. We went to the
         | dealership and bought the Honda CR-V.
         | 
         | Both cars have been great. No need to overcomplicate things.
         | 
         | Stepping back, I've noticed a certain cognitive bias that's
         | very common, but I don't know what its name might be.
         | Basically, the bias is the idea that spending more time
         | gathering information and analyzing is always good. To which I
         | respond... maybe in some limited, abstract, ceteris paribus
         | sense, but in real life? _Not really_.
         | 
         | 1. You're not taking account of the opportunity cost, the
         | things you could be doing that you're not because you're stuck
         | on this one thing.
         | 
         | 2. There is such a thing as overthinking / analysis paralysis,
         | where your thinking actually gets worse the more you obsess
         | about something. You may be better off unplugging, taking a
         | walk, and coming back with a clear mind. You may be able to
         | make a quick decision that's reasonably close to optimal and
         | ends the sinking of your time into this one particular thing.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | People think they have to be clever/smart when simply not
           | being stupid and not doing stupid things is often more than
           | enough.
           | 
           | Then they will go onto gold digging exercise to prove that
           | they are smart to be smarter than those pesky dealers.
           | 
           | In the end when thing they bought turns out crappy (no gold
           | in that mine:)) they will get defensive about it and will
           | pull all kind of mental gymnastics to confirm what they did
           | was worth investing time.
           | 
           | So such person won't even feel the opportunity cost, because
           | they will make themselves believe that effort was necessary
           | to find that good and they 'gamed the system'.
        
           | OrvalWintermute wrote:
           | 1. I researched car reliability, resale value, makes and
           | models and determined that a Honda Accord best met my
           | requirements.
           | 
           | 2. There was exactly one Honda dealership within driving
           | distance in the state where I wanted to buy the vehicle
           | 
           | 3. I acquired this vehicle.
           | 
           | Later on, I was told that this was actually a Japanese Honda,
           | and not an American Honda, and that the allegation was that
           | although the same design, the Japanese Honda had superior
           | reliability records and less variance around fittings,
           | because the Japanese teams had a great deal of experience
           | around assembly (at that time). More than 20 years later I am
           | still driving the same vehicle, and I've had no major issues
           | of any type.
           | 
           | >1. You're not taking account of the opportunity cost, the
           | things you could be doing that you're not because you're
           | stuck on this one thing
           | 
           | I do appreciate the point you made - there is an opportunity
           | cost to your thinking, and overly focusing on one thing may
           | be contrary. If I have learned anything from thinking about
           | SV business models, it is that attention is a limited
           | resource. Every moment we spend overanalyzing one thing, is
           | time spent less on something more productive.
           | 
           | > There is such a thing as overthinking / analysis paralysis,
           | where your thinking actually gets worse the more you obsess
           | about something. You may be better off unplugging, taking a
           | walk, and coming back with a clear mind. You may be able to
           | make a quick decision that's reasonably close to optimal and
           | ends the sinking of your time into this one particular thing.
           | 
           | "paralysis by analysis" is definitely a real thing. Although
           | I believe it is important to go through the cognitive
           | exercise of analysis, it can be counter-productive. Saw this
           | at a workplace or two where budgets to execute projects were
           | highly limited, so staff would analyze-to-death options for
           | fairly low dollar activities. Spent more on analysis of paper
           | projects by a factor, than actual project execution.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | Yeah the car example did not resonate with me either.
         | 
         | (a) I hate car shopping, in particular any interactions with
         | the salespeople
         | 
         | (b) I have the internet
         | 
         | (c) I don't believe there is some special deal I can unlock, I
         | think that is a mistaken belief that many dealers like people
         | to hold so they can make them feel like their getting them a
         | special deal, when in reality the "negotiations" are just a bit
         | of theatre
         | 
         | (d) I value my time and it's not worth a few $100 to drive all
         | over looking for deals
        
           | david422 wrote:
           | c) - haha, that is probably true. I have a relative that just
           | bought a new car. After a little negotiation, got a couple
           | thousand (?) knocked off the price of like a $35k car. "Great
           | deal" - but I'm pretty sure the dealer is prepared to offer a
           | price that is only as low as a great deal for the dealer as
           | well.
        
             | johnnylambada wrote:
             | This is price discovery in action. From the dealer's point
             | of view it's worth jacking up the price that they are
             | willing to take because some consumers will just pay it.
             | Other consumers will try to bargain and they'll find a
             | (slightly) lower price. When someone just pays the first
             | price the dealer says, the dealer makes a few thousand more
             | than they otherwise works have. This is the same reason
             | there are food coupons. Very price sensitive people will go
             | out of their way to use them but others will pay full
             | price.
        
             | smiley1437 wrote:
             | Exactly - that dealer could be negotiating dozens of car
             | deals a day, has a ton of experience, PLUS he knows much
             | more about his side of the deal (actual costs and back end
             | rebates, etc)
             | 
             | A typical buyer negotiates for a car only a few times in
             | their life.
             | 
             | Who do you think is likely to come out on top?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | The last three times I bought or leased a new car I visited
         | dealers zero times. I decided what I wanted then I faxed (yes,
         | faxed!) my requirements to the dealer who seemed to have
         | inventory with instructions where and when to meet me with the
         | vehicle and paperwork. This seems to work, except the one time
         | the dealer thought I wanted to negotiate over the price and I
         | showed them the door.
         | 
         | Buying a car is all about understanding that dealers are
         | usually pretty desperate.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | Yeah, this is an evolutionary adaptation. Even long ago the
         | world had too many stimulus and we develop patters of how to
         | handle different _types_ of situations. This is talked about
         | extensively in the book,  "Thinking, fast and slow". In today's
         | world, the world is infinitely complex. No one has time (or the
         | desire, frankly) to do appropriate research on a single issue
         | let alone all the issues that need considered. I'd bet that
         | almost no one did 20+ hours of research reading about mRNA
         | vaccines and FDA clinical trial data before decided to take or
         | not take the vaccine. Everyone picked someone to trust whether
         | that was the FDA or social media or news media and then got on
         | with their life. And generally, once we find a "trusted"
         | source, we tend to trust them for everything regardless of lack
         | of evidence or contradiction. Humans have a deep survival
         | instinct of having packs and trusting in the pack to protect
         | them. Everyone just wants to get on with their busy life and
         | not have to worry about all of this, whatever it is.
        
         | Consultant32452 wrote:
         | I judge my doctors by wait time. I found a doctor where I never
         | have to wait in the lobby more than 10 mins past my appointment
         | time. Unless you have a really unique health condition I don't
         | understand the culture's behavior around patient doctor
         | relationships. Who cares what other doctors think of him or
         | what his Yelp review is. When I have a sinus infection does he
         | write a prescription for z-pack. End of story.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | True for 90% of medical issues. The problem is those other
           | 10% - will the GP you chose be able to handle them? Or,
           | perhaps more critically, bow-out, and refer you when they
           | cannot?
           | 
           | It's a tough problem to solve - wait time is certainly part
           | of the solution, but so is bedside manner, the doctor's
           | willingness to punt and refer you elsewhere for unique
           | problems outside their area, price, location, and a hundred
           | other things.
           | 
           | And that doesn't even address picking a specialist. You break
           | your hand, how do you pick a hand surgeon on short notice?
           | The cost of picking the worst guy could be high, but you know
           | what they call the guy who graduated last in his class?
           | Doctor.
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | I'm a little spectrumy so I often forget how important
             | emotional support/bedside manner is to many people. I see
             | my doctor as an automaton who I feed problems to and he
             | feeds me solutions.
             | 
             | Even something like a broken bone falls under the category
             | of "normal" health issue. It happens all the time. You will
             | be fine with a perfectly mediocre doctor dealing with your
             | broken bone.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | My wife broke her hand a few years ago, it required
               | surgery to repair. It was not a "normal" issue. I suppose
               | it could be considered normal for a hand specialist, but
               | when thumb mobility could be permanently compromised, you
               | really don't want to pick the wrong surgeon.
               | 
               | As for bedside manner, I'm mostly with you - it's largely
               | irrelevant. For me, it's more of a minimum acceptable
               | level - as long as they're above it, all is good.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | I don't understand this behavior. Did you think you added
               | something valuable to the conversation by replying with a
               | special case?
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | You claimed we'd be fine with a mediocre doctor, I was
               | providing a counterpoint - the risk of a botched repair
               | was permanent loss of hand function - why risk that with
               | a mediocre doctor?
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | Expecting every person to couch every statement with the
               | exceptions is bad social behavior. Most fractures are set
               | in the ER or even urgent care, maybe a cast, you are
               | fine.
               | 
               | Your "gotcha" response of a relatively rare case of a
               | hand fracture requiring surgery with a specialist is not
               | a meaningful response.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I think the bias on this comment thread would lead most people
         | here to be well researched and not do the two things you
         | mentioned. I wouldn't buy a car without research. The example
         | of a doctor is more fraught - in the US I met the doctor and
         | would have changed if I didn't read them and believe them to be
         | competent in my judgement (And the institution I went to had
         | already a high bar for quality).
         | 
         | I think what is missing from their comment is that people go to
         | do those things without doing prior research. In the case which
         | you go to the car salesman once, you have already done your
         | research - same with the doctor.
         | 
         | I know people who would exhibit the behavior without doing the
         | prior research. I am not sure if they believe the car salesman
         | or not, I can't read their mind.
        
       | desktopninja wrote:
       | Wonder if this outcome can be reproduced if asked in other spoken
       | human languages and "AI"
        
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