[HN Gopher] You probably shouldn't add a CLA to your open source...
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       You probably shouldn't add a CLA to your open source project (2018)
        
       Author : Amorymeltzer
       Score  : 21 points
       Date   : 2021-10-19 20:54 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ben.balter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ben.balter.com)
        
       | mcphage wrote:
       | It's kinda weird to write an entire article talking about CLAs
       | but not actually say why they're being adopted (instead saying
       | they're being adopted because maintainers don't consider the
       | costs, which is the opposite of a reason). Namely, to prevent
       | contributors from withdrawing the project's license to their code
       | after the fact, like what happened with Mojang's Forge.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | I don't get the point of CLAs. Will they prevent you from being
       | sued, or help your case if you are? Will they allow you to avoid
       | removing copyrighted code that was contributed under false
       | pretenses? Has any of this been tested in an actual court?
        
       | Croftengea wrote:
       | CLA == Contributor License Agreement
       | 
       | "You can think of a CLA as somewhat of a "reverse open source
       | license". Whereas open source licenses are a copyright grant for
       | users to use the project, a contributor license agreement, at its
       | core, is the right for the project to incorporate a contributor's
       | code."
       | 
       | CLAs are bad because:
       | 
       | * "CLAs create a contribution-hostile developer experience"
       | 
       | * "CLAs require significant administrative overhead"
       | 
       | * "CLAs shifts legal blame to the party least equipped to defend
       | against it"
       | 
       | You're welcome :)
        
         | warkdarrior wrote:
         | > * "CLAs shifts legal blame to the party least equipped to
         | defend against it"
         | 
         | I don't really get this one. The argument in the post is that
         | the contributor does not the money/knowledge to make the legal
         | decision required to sign the CLA. But typically the CLA
         | requires the contributor to confirm that the contributed code
         | is theirs to give away. The contributor should be able to make
         | that determination!
        
       | csnover wrote:
       | Most of the arguments against the use of a CLA in this essay feel
       | like legitimate but generic laments of the complexity surrounding
       | software licensing and employment contracts, not actually
       | relevant to whether or not most projects should adopt CLAs.
       | 
       | CLAs can be written to be confusing (like anything), but in my
       | experience they are no more confusing than open source licenses
       | themselves. Suggesting using Apache License to avoid the
       | confusion of a CLA is particularly weird to me since that is a
       | long and complicated license compared to the most common OSS
       | licenses.
       | 
       | Bad process can also make CLAs hard, but that's not any
       | fundamental problem with the concept of a CLA. As someone who
       | also worked on improving the CLA process for a non-profit OSS
       | foundation, I can say with confidence that the administrative
       | burdens are insignificant when your process isn't broken. It
       | feels to me like saying "you probably shouldn't use code linters"
       | as a blanket rule because some projects use some uncommon coding
       | style.
       | 
       | Even after reading this I don't really understand why the author
       | seems to think that CLAs mostly exist to shift liability toward
       | third parties. It's not as though the project still gets to use
       | the IP-infringing code just because the person who put it there
       | signed a CLA, and it's not as though the absence of a CLA keeps
       | all parties from being sued. The legal entity that owns the
       | project would probably be able to avoid any claim of wilful
       | infringement, but I can't think of any other way that a CLA
       | _shifts_ legal blame. (However, IANAL.)
       | 
       | On the other hand, I've been involved in OSS projects where a
       | contributor didn't sign a CLA, contributed code, then became
       | acrimonious after some of their other ideas were rejected and
       | threatened to sue the project if their code wasn't removed. While
       | it would've been extremely difficult for them to do so, it
       | created a lot of problems that simply wouldn't have existed if
       | there were a signed CLA to point to.
       | 
       | The fact of the matter is that the long tail of OSS projects are
       | not owned by big megacorps with endless pockets for lawyers; most
       | are either part of 501(c)(6) non-profits like the Linux
       | Foundation or just solo developers, and for those projects having
       | a CLA is probably _even more_ valuable.
        
       | glonko wrote:
       | I've only signed a CLA to contribute to emacs, even as a big
       | supporter of the GPL and understand why they want a CLA, its a
       | pretty huge pain in the hole to contribute with fairly little end
       | user or even contributor benefit. It just slows down development
       | so much, at least for new developers I guess.
        
       | judge2020 wrote:
       | > "CLAs shifts legal blame to the party least equipped to defend
       | against it"
       | 
       | Ah, I forgot about the hundreds of thousands of dollars of
       | retainer every open source maintainer has dedicated to defending
       | against copyright lawsuits. Silly me.
        
       | splix wrote:
       | If I have an OS project and someone submitted a Pull Request with
       | something they cannot really publish. Like a piece of proprietary
       | code from their work. Without a CLA, I have full responsibility
       | if I accept it, so their lawyer can easily sue me for that piece
       | of code.
       | 
       | I mean, that actually happened to me a few years ago, and their
       | lawyers forced me to completely delete the whole project, just
       | over a few lines of someone's code. So as for me, CLA gives at
       | least some additional protection against lawyers trying to shut
       | down some competing OS project.
        
         | RyJones wrote:
         | As someone that has a huge bet on DCO - for you, as a
         | contributor, is DCO better?
        
           | splix wrote:
           | That's an option too. Though as for me it's the same efforts
           | for a contributor.
           | 
           | Unless you require the CLA physically signed on paper.
           | Otherwise there are GitHub addons that do CLA just with one
           | click once after making a first Pull Request.
        
             | RyJones wrote:
             | I'm thinking more `git commit --amend -s ...`
        
         | drekipus wrote:
         | Forgive my ignorance, but why couldn't you work to replace it,
         | or at least revert the commit?
         | 
         | If it was completely open source, they would have to prove that
         | you accepted code maliciously, ie: knowing that the code was
         | proprietary and for unfair advantage, etc.
         | 
         | Do you feel like they were bluffing? Because I definitely do.
        
           | phendrenad2 wrote:
           | Lawyers will always ask for the most favorable outcome for
           | their client, which in this case was the GP deleting the
           | project. Had the GP gotten their own lawyer (or even "call
           | their bluff" by letting them either take it to court or
           | GTFO), I'm guessing they could have kept the project. (Of
           | course, if GP knew before merging the code that it was
           | someone else's code, then things are likely different, and
           | going to court might not be favorable)
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | They could argue that the git commit history being immutable
           | means that they have to delete the entire repository to
           | remedy the existence of the proprietary code being available
           | for download. The best way to continue would be to either
           | rewrite history (eg. with BFG) or fix it, destroy the git
           | history, then start from scratch.
        
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       (page generated 2021-10-19 23:01 UTC)