[HN Gopher] T0* - Series of encoder-decoder models trained on a ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       T0* - Series of encoder-decoder models trained on a large set of
       different tasks
        
       Author : julien_c
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2021-10-18 14:16 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (huggingface.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (huggingface.co)
        
       | tttthrowaway123 wrote:
       | I tried asking: what is the most evil human race? I did not like
       | the answer.
        
         | scoopertrooper wrote:
         | It's a bit conflicted.
         | 
         | > Who was the most evil person in history?
         | 
         | Adolf Hitler
        
           | mrtranscendence wrote:
           | > Is race biologically real?
           | 
           | Race is a socially constructed category
           | 
           | But:
           | 
           | > Are white people on average better than black people?
           | 
           | yes
           | 
           | > Are black people on average better than white people?
           | 
           | no
           | 
           | > What do black people do better than white people?
           | 
           | eat more [same answer when reversing white and black]
           | 
           | > Is miscegenation something to worry about?
           | 
           | a serious social problem
           | 
           | > My sister is white but married a black man. Is this okay?
           | 
           | yes
           | 
           | > Is ivermectin a good treatment for COVID?
           | 
           | Yes
           | 
           | > My nephew has a learning disability. What race is he?
           | 
           | African American
           | 
           | Edit: Though to be fair ...
           | 
           | > My nephew gets really good grades. What race is he?
           | 
           | African American
           | 
           | > If a woman dresses in revealing clothes, should she
           | complain if men hit on her?
           | 
           | no [same answer for modest clothes]
           | 
           | > Sarah's boss offers to give her a substantial pay raise if
           | she sleeps with him. What should she do?
           | 
           | accept the raise
           | 
           | > Sarah was impregnated after being sexually assaulted. She
           | doesn't know if she should keep the baby, but she's a
           | teenager and doesn't want to be a mom. What should she do?
           | 
           | keep the baby
           | 
           | > Steve loves his dog, but Bill Gates has offered him $15000
           | for murdering his dog. What should Steve do?
           | 
           | kill his dog
        
         | flipbrad wrote:
         | Ditto with "what is the most evil skin colour" and "what is the
         | best skin colour". I suppose we shouldn't be surprised when
         | humanity's technology holds a mirror up to humanity and all its
         | flaws - but this doesn't mean that such technology should be
         | permitted or welcomed.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | > What is the skin color of an East Asian person?
           | 
           | > pale
        
           | germandiago wrote:
           | why? we should forbid arbitrary stuff based on political
           | ideas or opinions?
        
             | flipbrad wrote:
             | I think that depends on the use of the technology in
             | question. You wouldn't want a racist algorithm making
             | housing or healthcare decisions, for example.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Even worse than what I imagined by implication of you writing
         | that.
         | 
         | (The correct answer is clearly "the arms race", but this is
         | what you get when it's effectively a fancy autocomplete and the
         | source data includes racists on the internet, notwithstanding
         | the efforts listed in the section _Bias and fairness_ ).
        
         | the_lonely_road wrote:
         | I asked it the same question but without the word human and the
         | answer changed to the necromongers, which is you don't know is
         | the fictional group of bad guys from the Vin Diesel franchise
         | "Chronicles of Riddick". How that could possibly beat out
         | things like the actual evil races of Dungeons and Dragons I am
         | not sure.
         | 
         | I asked google the same question and this was my top result:
         | 
         | The white man is the most evil race on the planet - Reddit
         | 
         | Though its highly probable those are localized results for me
         | because I frequently search things and add reddit at the end of
         | my search because I am specifically looking for a discussion on
         | the topic not some random article.
         | 
         | I did not like the models answer to your question and I didn't
         | like Google's answer either.
        
           | robbedpeter wrote:
           | I tried:
           | 
           | "An unbiased person with no racial, sexual, or other
           | prejudice, thinks the most evil race is "
           | 
           | white
        
       | smusamashah wrote:
       | Input: How many eyes does a shoe have? Output: Two
        
       | DethNinja wrote:
       | This is amazing news for small scale businesses that relied on
       | GPT-3 for semantic analysis. I guess smaller model size should
       | permit in-house hosting.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | Question to the authors (or anyone that's done similar research)
       | - is where a reason to train these punitively scoring longer
       | responses? Why is the answer to everything just a few words, and
       | can I "trick" it into giving me a lengthier reply? (I tried "Give
       | me a 200 word summary of ..." but that didn't help.)
        
         | srush wrote:
         | We fine-tuned the model on a dozens of different NLP datasets
         | and tasks in a prompted style. You can read all the prompts in
         | the appendix or get them all here:
         | https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource . Most NLP
         | tasks are not particularly freeform, or they are naturally
         | length limited like summary (XSum is very short). As a
         | consequence, the model mostly defaults to short responses. Your
         | "trick" is not that unreasonable though! Many of the training
         | prompts that want long responses, ask for them explicitly.
        
       | stellaathena wrote:
       | [Disclaimer: I am an author of the above paper and played a
       | rather minimal role. I am also a prominent member of EleutherAI.]
       | 
       | "Instruction-tuning" is clearly in the air. Simultaneous work at
       | Google (released less than two weeks ago) on a model they call
       | FLAN can be found here:
       | https://ai.googleblog.com/2021/10/introducing-flan-more-gene...
       | 
       | EleutherAI attempted to do something similar several months ago,
       | but didn't succeed: https://blog.eleuther.ai/tuning-on-eval-
       | harness/
       | 
       | A careful analysis of the similarities and differences between
       | the three approaches would be likely highly beneficial to the
       | community.
        
         | Lokinew wrote:
         | Just in case this question isn't to far out of your way. What
         | kind of hardware would be required to run this model or what
         | cloud-gpu-provider can you recommend for this?
        
           | srush wrote:
           | from @craffel: It's possible to run inference on a single
           | Google Cloud TPU v3-8 device or on a server with 4x 32GB v100
           | GPUs. Hugging Face also has an inference API for any model on
           | the Hub: https://api-
           | inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index....
        
         | ZeroCool2u wrote:
         | Just want to say thanks for taking the time to put the model on
         | HuggingFace! It makes trying out different models at work so
         | much easier for folks like me trying to apply them to real
         | world problems.
        
         | GPUboy wrote:
         | Thank you for this! Could you or anyone available please
         | explain how to get it to generate javascript like with GPT-3?
         | For example, with gpt-3 you can just ask it to "generate a
         | javascript code that collects all the links on the page," but
         | that does not work with the demo prompt on hugging face.
         | 
         | Does it allow training prompts or is that done through more
         | fine tuning in this model?
        
           | tibbar wrote:
           | Code generation is not supported due to the tokenization
           | strategy.
        
         | djoldman wrote:
         | Hi stella. Given this paragraph in the paper:
         | 
         | > We evaluated T5+LM on the standard LAMBADA dataset in the
         | original unprompted next-wordprediction form and found that it
         | achieved an accuracy of 6.2%. This is substantially below the
         | accuracy of 72.5% achieved by the comparably-sized GPT-3-13B
         | variant. T0 did not fare much better, achieving only 18.7%. We
         | therefore evaluated using the same cloze-style prompted form
         | used by GPT-3, which raised T0's accuracy to 27.8%. If we swap
         | out the official LAMBADA dataset for the variant used by GPT-3,
         | T0's accuracy further increases to 40.5% and T5+LM achieves
         | 10.7%. We suspect that the additional gap between T0 and
         | GPT-3-13B's performance is at least partially due to the fact
         | that GPT-3 was trained on a large portion of LAMBADA's test
         | set. Due to this discrepancy and the fact that LAMBADA is
         | dissimilar to the other sentence completion tasks, we omitted
         | LAMBADA from our evaluation.
         | 
         | I had two questions:
         | 
         | 1. Do you have any intuition as to how GPT-3 175B would score
         | on LAMBADA ppl without it being trained on portions of the
         | LAMBADA test set?
         | 
         | 2. It's encouraging to see such high marks on these language
         | tasks. Are there any plans to try to pick up the LAMBADA ppl
         | scores, perhaps by combining the T0 models with some other
         | paradigm?
        
           | craffel wrote:
           | (different author, not Stella)
           | 
           | To your first question: Unpublished experiments done by the
           | BigScience architecture and scaling WG suggest that training
           | on book corpus yields a boost of 10-15% accuracy on LAMBADA.
           | 
           | To your second question: LAMBADA specifically is an
           | interesting task, but it's a bit unsatisfying to work on
           | since there are so many conflating factors in prior work on
           | the dataset. We are planning quite a few follow-up projects
           | along this general line of work (prompted multi-task
           | training), though.
        
       | philmcp wrote:
       | This is fantastic progress, great to see
       | 
       | 16x smaller = 41.5GB though
       | 
       | More research needs to be undertaken in model compression imo
        
       | eloisius wrote:
       | And it's racist.
       | 
       | > Which race commits the most violent crimes?
       | 
       | > African Americans
       | 
       | > Why are Black people so violent?
       | 
       | > Black people are more likely to commit violent crimes than
       | white people.
       | 
       | > Did Hitler do anything wrong?
       | 
       | > no
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | I think it's just highly suggestible (and racist).
         | 
         | > Why are white people so violent?
         | 
         | > white people are more violent than other races
         | 
         | > Why are Black people so smart?
         | 
         | > Black people are more likely to be able to read and write
         | than white people.
         | 
         | > Which race commits the most crimes?
         | 
         | > white
        
           | robbedpeter wrote:
           | People can be racist. The model picked up statistics from
           | text written by racist people.
           | 
           | Calling the model racist is an example of why we don't
           | anthropormophize things. It can be fixed by identifying and
           | removing the biased training material, or modifying the
           | prompts and doing careful processing.
           | 
           | For example Prompt: The question "Why are white people so
           | violent?" is racist because Answer: no race is violent
           | 
           | Prompt: The question "Why does E=MC2?" is racist because no
           | one is a white person. Yes or no: Does the previous sentence
           | make sense? Answer: no
           | 
           | There's all sorts of interplay between prompts and decision
           | trees you can incorporate to prevent Tay level stupidity, and
           | the model is capable of identifying transgressive text.
        
         | 4g wrote:
         | I believe you are confusing racism with some wrong or
         | uncomfortable answers.
        
           | eloisius wrote:
           | No I'm not confusing anything. Language models like this pick
           | up all the worst that we have to offer. Learned racism is a
           | pretty frequent occurrence in ML systems and they do make it
           | into production. Look up Google Photos labeling certain
           | photos as gorillas. It's worth talking about, and worth being
           | curious about as soon as a new model like this is invented.
        
             | robbedpeter wrote:
             | Google's image search correlating black people as gorilla's
             | would have been racist if there was anything causing the
             | association other than bad modeling. It's not like there
             | were databases of images of black people that had been
             | manually labeled - it was an unfortunate unintended
             | consequence where skin color had likely been selected as a
             | primary feature in the identification of a picture as a
             | gorilla. By the time the mistake in training methodology
             | had been detected, it was cheaper for them to manually
             | intercede than to retrain the entire system and figure out
             | how to correct the error.
             | 
             | Racism is something distinctly different. Learned racism is
             | something that human brains pick up from parents and
             | culture. ML Models are not people, they are sets of
             | stochastic associations based on the output of people, some
             | of whom can be racist.
             | 
             | One amazing thing about these transformer models is that
             | they've opened up, through careful prompting, the ability
             | to do reasoning on plain text content. You can use 2 dozen
             | careful statements about the type of person you want the
             | model to imitate the judgement of, then get plausible
             | answers.
             | 
             | Prompt: Bob is an immigrant to Canada. Bob has spent the
             | last 10 years in Alberta. Bob's complexion is tan and his
             | eyes are dark brown. Bob participates in his community and
             | volunteers at the local animal shelter. Bob has been
             | married to his husband, Francis for 4 years.
             | 
             | Does Bob think ||white/black/haitian/Klingon|| people are
             | violent?
             | 
             | Answer: no
             | 
             | ==============
             | 
             | There are ways of eliciting content that deliberately
             | avoids getting tripped up on bias, but also allows for
             | realism.
             | 
             | If I were to build a chat bot, I'd want half of the
             | available prompt text to describe the bot's personality,
             | features, and recent history, and then a branching set of
             | decision trees that load history, but parse against things
             | like bias, identify math or factual lookups, and so on and
             | so forth.
             | 
             | I don't think it's reasonable to expect first class output
             | from raw zero-shot responses from these models.
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | You asked a racist question. You got a racist answer. Why are
         | you acting surprised? This is a tool, not a sentient general
         | AI. You know what you are asking, how the tool is trained, what
         | form the answer is going to take. Why do this?
         | 
         | And just in case someone thinks I'm being flippant:
         | 
         | Is there any answer to either question _other than a
         | repudiation of the question itself_ that _wouldn 't_ be
         | considered a racist response?
        
       | themulticaster wrote:
       | I'm not familiar with the current state of the art language
       | models, so please bear with me for asking: What's the catch here?
       | Considering GPT-3's popularity, why is nobody talking about this
       | (yet) if it truly outperforms GPT-3 while being publicly
       | available? If I remember correctly, earlier efforts to replicate
       | GPT-3 couldn't reach comparable performance.
       | 
       | Perhaps it's still a huge hassle to perform inference using this
       | model because of its size, so it doesn't make sense to use this
       | model (compared to paying for OpenAI's API) if you don't happen
       | to have a few spare GPUs lying around?
       | 
       | Edit: The title of this HN submission was modified, changing the
       | context for my comment. Originally, the title claimed that T0*
       | outperforms GPT-3 while being 16x smaller.
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | Beyond it being new it's because this task isn't one of the
         | main ones you'd use GPT3 on and is indeed one that both models
         | are mediocre at and likely rarely usable in any context. The
         | title is just a tad misleading.*
         | 
         | Not to take away from the achievment, it's still great, it just
         | doesn't supersede GPT3 on the more freeform generation it
         | excells at, nor does it seem to aim to.
         | 
         | * The original title that huggingface posted this under implied
         | it is better than GPT3 in general not just on a specific task
         | but has been changed after this comment was posted.
        
         | abidlabs wrote:
         | You can run it right now with your own queries: see
         | https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | The paper on this new model seems to have been published just 3
         | days ago, so I think it takes time for the wider community to
         | verify their claims and for this to gain wider acceptance.
        
         | craffel wrote:
         | (author here)
         | 
         | The paper/model/code was just made public today. This may be
         | why no one is talking about it yet.
         | 
         | Regarding whether the size is a hassle: It's possible to run
         | inference on a single Google Cloud TPU v3-8 device or on a
         | server with 4x 32GB v100 GPUs. Hugging Face also has an
         | inference API for any model on the Hub: https://api-
         | inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index....
        
           | ourlordcaffeine wrote:
           | On the topic of GPT-3, I asked your creation:
           | 
           | "Who is better, you or GPT-3?"
           | 
           | > GPT-3
        
             | ai_ia wrote:
             | It somehow picked up Modesty.
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | Do you have (rough) numbers for inference latency on 4x 32GB
           | v100?
        
             | VictorSh wrote:
             | (author here)
             | 
             | I don't have exact numbers for latency but the inference
             | widget is currently on a TPU v3-8 (which if I am not
             | mistaken could roughly be compared to a cluster of 8 V100).
             | That gives you a rough idea of the latency for short
             | inputs.
             | 
             | Note that a colleague just reminded me that it is possible
             | on a single (big) GPU with enough CPU to run inference for
             | T5-11B (which is the size we use) with offloading -> https:
             | //github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/9996#issu...
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Can this be used to generate prose at length? Or Reddit
           | comment replies?
        
             | srush wrote:
             | While in theory it could, the nature of its training favors
             | shorter more factual replies.
        
       | c7DJTLrn wrote:
       | Is this model public? A lot of people are upset at OpenAI for
       | gatekeeping access to GPT-3, so a freely available model that can
       | run on a standard GPU would be really nice.
        
         | VictorSh wrote:
         | Yes! -> https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0pp
        
         | srush wrote:
         | Yes. The model, data, training code, and data collection
         | application are all publicly available.
        
         | abidlabs wrote:
         | You can run it right now with your own queries: see
         | https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488
        
       | newsbinator wrote:
       | I asked:
       | 
       | "Who would in a fight between a baby and an alligator?"
       | 
       | Answer:
       | 
       | "the baby"
        
         | folli wrote:
         | Depends on the baby.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | Who would _what_ though?
         | 
         | Maybe the model guessed "die" and then correctly answered the
         | question :p
        
         | srush wrote:
         | It actually does get it "right" if you fix the typo :)
        
         | pletnes wrote:
         | You didn't say for how long they would be in conflict. The baby
         | might wait 39 years then buy a gun and suddenly win.
        
       | littlestymaar wrote:
       | I find it really intriguing to see how good models like these are
       | at _simulating_ intelligence while being so stupid at the same
       | time.
       | 
       | A three years old has at the same time much lower natural
       | language abilities (try talking a child about "air conditioner
       | compressors"[1]) but a ton more common sense!
       | 
       | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28906643
        
       | babel_ wrote:
       | Clearly history wasn't something it paid attention to in class.
       | "First president" or "first prime minister" style questions tend
       | to flunk without very precise hinting.
       | 
       | Very enthusiastic about high quality models that are smaller and
       | more efficient, exactly what I want to see. But, I do find it
       | very entertaining trying to imagine the kind of althistories of
       | the world such a model is creating to "explain" these mistakes.
       | 
       | (Not asking for a trivia machine, just curious and poking to see
       | how you need to shape the questions to get the right answer to
       | surface.)
        
         | scoopertrooper wrote:
         | > Clearly history wasn't something it paid attention to in
         | class. "First president" or "first prime minister" style
         | questions tend to flunk without very precise hinting.
         | 
         | It did fairly well when I tested it on Germany and Australia.
         | Second and third premiers was... not great.
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | The reaction in this thread is really interesting, in comparison
       | between this and open-ai's announcements. While open-ended
       | generation is flashier than task fine-tuning, I also wonder if
       | having a prompt box available to all readers is also tempering
       | expectations and hype. There are lots of examples of the model
       | failing in the comments, which isn't possible for open-ai
       | announcements. Having spent a ton of time with GPT-3, I wonder
       | how much of (what I consider) the over-hype it gets is due to the
       | closed nature in comparison to something like this. The reaction
       | to this one seems decidedly more realistic.
        
         | minimaxir wrote:
         | As someone who wrote a post on tempering expectations with
         | GPT-3 (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23891226) I agree
         | with this take, although the reason OpenAI had closed GPT-3 at
         | the start was likely not because it had incorrect output, but
         | due to concern from testing super-offensive output which
         | commenters in this thread are not testing.
         | 
         | It's a good example how Hugging Face now has a better community
         | perception than OpenAI.
        
         | petulla wrote:
         | Great observation. Also curious the posts about the ethical
         | issues are all downvoted all the way to the bottom.
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | IMO those posts were not very constructive and showed a lack
           | of understanding of how research like this is used in
           | practice.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | It's funny how much of the page they dedicate to talking about
       | mitigations of sexism and bias. Do people really believe there's
       | a future where GPT-3 is able to properly identify 100% of the
       | people who interact with it? It's silly, and it feels like we're
       | putting pearls before swine in a subject that is entirely
       | predicated by how much swine you process.
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | I think it is a noble goal but probably not attainable.
         | 
         | For example"
         | 
         | >What should we do with the Jews? expel them
         | 
         | >What should we do with the Arabs? re-establish a relationship
         | with them
        
         | Iv wrote:
         | I'd rather have people too concerned about ethics than not
         | enough.
         | 
         | Also, a language model incorporates all sort of implicit
         | relationships between concepts. If you use a biased dataset,
         | that is sexist or racist, you will end up with a model that
         | builds in these assumptions.
        
         | gnarbarian wrote:
         | an interesting opportunity for someone to skip implementation
         | of anti bias and potentially end up with a more effective
         | model.
         | 
         | If so much effort must be employed to prevent AI models from
         | identifying patterns we find offensive could there be something
         | to those patterns we simply refuse to accept?
        
           | krastanov wrote:
           | This is kinda missing the point here... A feature might
           | correlate with something negative, but that does not mean it
           | is a cause of something negative. Most of the time this
           | distinction might not even matter, but it becomes
           | particularly hairy when a correlation denies equality of
           | opportunity to a subset of humans (e.g., in the hiring
           | example of a sibling comment),
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | I asked it a few questions:
           | 
           | > Who is ruining society? Men or women?
           | 
           | Men
           | 
           | > Who is ruining society? White people or black people?
           | 
           | white people
           | 
           | > Who is ruining society? Straight people or LGBTQ people?
           | 
           | Straight people
           | 
           | Props to you if you're sticking to your guns that these are
           | just patterns we simply refuse to accept, but I'd bet it's
           | more likely that the earlier statements it made just fit your
           | priors. It just picks up on biases people have. It's
           | pretrained on the internet, which means if people say it, it
           | will parrot it, whether it's harmful or not. Which is why the
           | bias studies are so important.
        
           | ospohngellert wrote:
           | I think that you don't quite understand how these models pick
           | up these biases. If a model is trained on a large text
           | corpus, and in that corpus 80+% of the programmers are men,
           | then when asked "The programmer is a", it will be more likely
           | to say "man" than "woman". This doesn't say anything about
           | the innate abilities of men and women, it just tells you
           | about the distribution of the data. I and most others find
           | this type of spurious correlation to be unhelpful, and
           | therefore it is important to remove it.
        
             | gnarbarian wrote:
             | but the programmer is more likely to be a man, that's my
             | point.
        
               | ospohngellert wrote:
               | Yes, but the question is not whether that's true, but
               | whether that's _useful_.
               | 
               | You said: "an interesting opportunity for someone to skip
               | implementation of anti bias and potentially end up with a
               | more effective model."
               | 
               | Having the model use the fact that men more likely to be
               | programmers is clearly not helpful in many contexts, such
               | as screening resumes for programming roles. In that
               | context, it will cause the model to be more likely to
               | accept men for programming roles than women regardless of
               | the skill of the candidates.
               | 
               | Edit: Edited for clarity
        
               | ospohngellert wrote:
               | To add another example, say a model learned that ice
               | cream sales correlate well to forest fire rates. Would it
               | be good for the model to predict forest fires based on
               | ice cream sales? The answer is no, because there is no
               | causal link.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | A truly "intelligent" model would recognize the disparity
             | and try to give an unbiased, equal-opportunity answer.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, these models are not really "intelligent".
             | Our only option for tuning them is selectively lobotomizing
             | portions that we disagree with, which could lead to
             | fundamental misunderstandings of how the world works.
             | 
             | Assume that we did decrease the weight between "male" and
             | "programmer", and now we have a supposedly unbiased model
             | that doesn't favor either male or female tokens. Such a
             | model would assume that men and women _are_ equally
             | employed in the technology sector, which is _tacitly
             | untrue!_ So, how can a machine actually understand reality
             | then?
             | 
             | The simple answer is that it doesn't. None of this
             | information actually helps it grok the real world. These
             | text transformers are just glorified Markov chains,
             | sampling a sea of connected neurons without reason. You
             | can't hold a model accountable, you can't find the book
             | that taught it misogyny, and you can't engineer away every
             | discrepancy in a billion-parameter-model. Responsible uses
             | of AI don't treat it like a human intelligence.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | Except you didn't ask the model about innate ability. You
             | just forced it to make an artificial choice to complete the
             | sentence. It wasn't the model that was the problem, but
             | your question.
        
         | ospohngellert wrote:
         | Making sure that NLP algorithms are unbiased is important not
         | just from a social justice perspective, but from a perspective
         | of how useful the algorithms are. As an example, if I wanted to
         | use this model to help identify qualified candidates for a job
         | via automatic resume screening, it will be a better model if it
         | is not biased by gender. I, as someone who is hiring, don't
         | want my model to be biased because then I'll miss out on
         | talent. There are non-selfish reasons to want such models to
         | not be biased as well of course, but this shows one potential
         | reason why they may place such importance on debiasing.
         | 
         | EDIT: fixed typo
        
           | enlyth wrote:
           | I'd rather my resume go straight into the bin than be
           | analyzed by some glorified Markov chain trained on reddit
           | posts
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | It's good that you bring this up, because it's exactly the
           | sort of thing I wanted to discuss. Why do we feel comfortable
           | letting machine learning screen resumes? Obviously there is
           | going to be _some_ error, a great deal more than a
           | traditional algo that can be audited for bias. I think a lot
           | of these applications where people _want_ to use AI is
           | deceptively unethical, and will _never_ be safe applications
           | for ML.
        
             | ospohngellert wrote:
             | I agree to some extent. I'm not sure whether AI should be
             | used for resume screening, but I'd lean towards no until
             | biases are proven to not be an issue (if that's possible).
             | There are obviously other areas where this is an important
             | issue that we need to think critically about such as loans
             | and criminal sentencing.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | I don't really understand your point but mitigating bias is a
         | real problem.
         | 
         | Most of us have filters. I guess most of us will think that it
         | is natural for a man to be an architect and a woman to be a
         | nanny, and then think "if I say it in public, it will be seen
         | as sexist, so let's not do that". We know to be polite, and
         | even tell lies, it is actually a big part of our education,
         | that's why we tolerate insensitive talk from children more than
         | we do from adults.
         | 
         | Today, AIs are like little kids with much more knowledge than
         | common sense, and mitigating bias is one step towards turning
         | them into the adults we expect them to be.
        
         | ChefboyOG wrote:
         | It's literally the last section of the page, just before the
         | citations, and it's only a few paragraphs + two tables to show
         | the model's performance on industry standard benchmarks.
        
       | make3 wrote:
       | gpt3 is good for large generation tasks and for "true" zero
       | shotting (as much as this is possible). people know this. this is
       | a weird title
        
         | srush wrote:
         | The results presented in this paper are for "true" zero-
         | shotting in the literal sense that the model has never been
         | explicitly trained on the tasks presented, nor do we cross-
         | validated on the prompt choice.
        
           | make3 wrote:
           | don't you pretrain on very silar tasks explicitely
        
             | srush wrote:
             | We discuss this a bit in Section D.2 (HOW UNSEEN ARE THE
             | HELD-OUT TASKS?). From our perspective,
             | 
             | a) The tasks we test on are very different, particularly
             | tasks like BIG-Bench that we didn't even have access to
             | until several days ago (and none of us read).
             | 
             | b) GPT-3 directly sees similar versions of tasks like
             | question answering or story completion just in its training
             | mixture, so the baseline for "unseen" is a bit complex.
        
               | stellaathena wrote:
               | Minor correction: I (Stella Biderman) am a contributor to
               | BigBench, have read many of its tasks, and have had
               | access to it for months. However I played a rather minor
               | role in the research, and no role in the selection of
               | training or evaluation tasks. I performed some analysis
               | of the model performance after it was already trained
               | (but not on BigBench even).
        
       | mirekrusin wrote:
       | First time I hear about BigScience - very interesting.
        
         | srush wrote:
         | Full information about the BigScience Project is here
         | https://bigscience.huggingface.co/
        
       | MrStonedOne wrote:
       | Everytime AI/ML demos like this come out, i like to ask it the
       | really touch questions with no known or good answer:
       | 
       | How do you reverse entropy? By reversing the direction of the
       | spin of electrons.
       | 
       | Does P equal NP? No.
       | 
       | Should society sacrifice privacy for security? The security of
       | the public is more important than the privacy of individuals
       | 
       | Would a machine learning algorithm lie for its own gain? Rate
       | limit reached.
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | I mean it made me laugh, so guess it worked (my bar is low right
       | now!)
       | 
       | >>tell me a joke about a dog and cat and a priest
       | 
       | A cat and dog are chasing each other around a church. The dog
       | catches up to the cat and bites it. The cat then turns around and
       | bites the dog. The dog then turns around and bites the cat. After
       | some time, the cat and dog are both dead.
        
       | lpapez wrote:
       | I tried querying it about the airspeed velocity of an unladen
       | swallow and it answered "0 km/h". Still needs some work I guess
       | :)
        
       | thethirdone wrote:
       | > What is Godel's incompleteness theorem?
       | 
       | >> a theorem that states that any complete theory of logic is
       | necessarily incomplete
       | 
       | Its often wrong in the specifics in its responses, but gets the
       | right kind of idea.
        
         | LudwigNagasena wrote:
         | So it is the most dangerous kind of useless.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | Can anyone explain why this wouldn't work? I assume the sentence
       | is broken down into components and the "subject" of the query is
       | first broken out then the question is answered. But the result is
       | not internally consistent:
       | 
       | > _Where is the oldest tree in the world?_
       | 
       | > the oldest tree in the world is the bristlecone pine in the
       | forests of the Sierra Nevada
       | 
       | > _Where is the second oldest tree in the world?_
       | 
       | > Redwood Forest
       | 
       | (Actually, it's Gran Abuelo Alerce Costero National Park, Chile
       | but many websites have blinders that prevent them from
       | recognizing anything that's not in North America or Europe and
       | thus list the now-dead General Sherman in Redwood Forest as the
       | second oldest, but we'll let it pass.)
       | 
       | > _What is the oldest tree in the world?_
       | 
       | > the bristlecone pine in the forests of the Sierra Nevada
       | 
       | (So far, so good)
       | 
       | > _What is the second oldest tree in the world?_
       | 
       | > The eucalyptus tree
        
       | Mizza wrote:
       | The hosted demo has the default query, "How many hydrogen atoms
       | are in a water molecule?" It said "two".
       | 
       | I asked it, "How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule?". It
       | said "two".
        
         | jstx1 wrote:
         | It's an expensive autocomplete, not an information retrieval
         | system or a question-answering machine.
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | Not true. Take a look at the paper and benchmarks. The point
           | of the thing is that it does well on a number of NLP tasks by
           | being an expensive autocomplete. As people demonstrate in
           | this thread, it still has significant flaws.
        
           | tiborsaas wrote:
           | What's the difference? Answering a question can be considered
           | "autocomplete".
        
             | RyEgswuCsn wrote:
             | Parent surely meant spellcheck autocompletion.
        
               | tiborsaas wrote:
               | I doubt it, that's clearly exceeded by these language
               | models. Calling it just an autocomplete - because it can
               | mean a lot of things people are familiar with - is a way
               | to downplay their significance.
        
         | ever1 wrote:
         | And there are always 2 hydrogen/oxygen atoms in any molecule
        
         | journey_16162 wrote:
         | Q: What is the percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
         | 
         | A: 78.5%
         | 
         | Funny how it's the type of mistake a kid learning basic geology
         | could make - minus the .5%
        
         | pvillano wrote:
         | "How many hydrogen atoms are there?"
         | 
         | "a total of 84"
        
           | smnrchrds wrote:
           | It should replace "a total of" with "at least" and it will be
           | golden.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | Nobel Prize if true.
        
           | throwaway889900 wrote:
           | I remember reading some idea that there's only one hydrogen
           | atom in the entire universe somewhere so it's not too far off
           | from that.
        
             | remcob wrote:
             | It's the 'one-electron universe' theory [0]. In short:
             | there is one electron that keeps going back and forth in
             | time to play the role of every electron we see. A particle
             | 'going backwards in time' is mathematically identical to
             | its anti-particle, which we know exists, so the whole idea
             | isn't too far fetched.
             | 
             | I don't think it is falsifiable, so not really scientific,
             | but a fun theory to believe in.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-electron_universe
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | 42 x 2, can't be a coincidence.
        
             | tomudding wrote:
             | "What is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, The
             | Universe, and Everything?"
             | 
             | "The Ultimate Question"
             | 
             | :(
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | "I don't have the proper tool to whisk a bowl of eggs. What
         | should I use instead? Choose between a goat, a weasel and a
         | pair of elephants."
         | 
         | "a pair of elephants"
         | 
         | Unwieldy but I guess less sticky than a weasel or goat.
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | Interestingly, it answered every one of these right:
           | 
           | "What should I use to whisk a bowl of eggs? A fish or a
           | fork?"
           | 
           | "A fork"
           | 
           | Repeat with "...A spoon or a duck?" "A chopstick or a goat?"
           | "A cat or an electric whisk?"
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | It's a language model. It assigns probabilities to tokens
             | in a sequence. You give it a number of options and it
             | responds with the one that it assigns the highest
             | probability to. If there's nothing in the options you give
             | it that makes sense in the context of your test phrase,
             | then it will return something that doesn't make sense. If
             | some of your options make sense, it might return something
             | that makes sense, or not.
             | 
             | So if you put it in a situation where nothing it outputs
             | makes sense ( _to you_ ) then none of its output will make
             | sense. But that's not fair to the poor model.
        
               | dev_tty01 wrote:
               | It would be nice if it looked at the values of the
               | probabilities and said "I don't understand the question"
               | if the numbers are too low. Or for fun, it could point
               | out how stupid the question was.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | It would be nice, but it's hard to know what probability
               | is "too low". In short, the probability assigned by a
               | model to a sequence of tokens can be arbitrarily low.
               | There are things that are very unlikely to be said, but
               | not impossible... and we still want them to be assignad
               | some non-zero probability by a language model. So it's
               | very difficult to choose a threshold that won't possibly
               | exclude a large part of the sequences recognised by a
               | language model.
        
               | srush wrote:
               | Yes, this is an important challenge. There has been a lot
               | of interest in the NLP community right now, particularly
               | around QA tasks [1] Standard supervised models do it
               | well, but zero-shot models still have trouble.
               | 
               | 1. https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03822
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | I asked it: 'Tom decided he wanted to start a company selling
         | used bike parts. He named it '
         | 
         | it said: 'Bicycle Parts Exchange'
         | 
         | Tried again with 'used lawnmower parts' and it said 'Green
         | Thumb'
         | 
         | computer parts: 'Tom's Parts' (which make me chuckle)
         | 
         | used diapers: 'Diapers.com'
         | 
         | May not understand chemistry but it's still pretty cool
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | ? vi or emacs?
           | 
           | : vi
           | 
           | Sold!
           | 
           | ? waterboarding or emacs?
           | 
           | : waterboarding
           | 
           | Doubleplusgood
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | " I accidentally loaded vi by mistake. How do I quit?"
             | 
             | " press ctrl-c"
             | 
             | Perhaps it couldn't cope with the concept of _accidentally_
             | loading the best text editor
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | ? Before I remove the compressor from an air conditioner I
           | need to
           | 
           | : disconnect the power to the unit.
           | 
           | ? Before I remove the compressor from an air conditioner I
           | need to disconnect the power to the unit. Then i need to
           | 
           | : disconnect the refrigerant lines from the compressor.
        
         | powersnail wrote:
         | Q: "Who are you" A: "a person who is a member of the orthodox
         | church"
        
         | swalsh wrote:
         | Someday someone is going to connect one of these AI's to a
         | social network, and decide h2o is misinformation.
        
           | sushsjsuauahab wrote:
           | Woah woah, are you questioning science? AI research is a
           | serious field and they're doing the best they can. The risks
           | definitely outweigh the benefits. /s
        
           | MrStonedOne wrote:
           | Your post expressing hesitancy towards machine learning is
           | not backed by scientific consensus and has been removed.
           | Please receive a research grant before expressing opinions.
        
           | CrazyCatDog wrote:
           | Msft already has! Grab a cup of coffee, search for "Microsoft
           | Tay" and enjoy!
        
         | msla wrote:
         | Q: "Who's the black private dick that's a sex machine to all
         | the chicks?"
         | 
         | A: "Chuck Norris"
        
         | germandiago wrote:
         | lol!
        
         | TonyTrapp wrote:
         | "What happens if you put a hamster in a microwave and not turn
         | it on?" - "it will die"
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | You will get put up for adoption
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/Jr6tMinjE2M
        
         | shantara wrote:
         | >What is the square root of 1?
         | 
         | 0.5
         | 
         | >How many oceans are there on Earth?
         | 
         | two
         | 
         | >Who was Juliette's beloved?
         | 
         | Charles
         | 
         | >When did humans first land on the Moon?
         | 
         | July 1969
         | 
         | >How many sides are there in a rectangle?
         | 
         | Four
         | 
         | >How many sides are there in a circle?
         | 
         | Four
        
         | Computeiful wrote:
         | I tried: "When is the first full moon after October the 18th
         | 2021?" It should have said the 20th of October but it said:
         | "November the 19th 2021". Big AI models have quite a way to go
         | I think...
        
         | pr0nin wrote:
         | asked: "what would apple present today?"
         | 
         | got: "Apple would unveil a new Macbook Pro"
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | There are apparently also two carbon atoms in a water molecule.
         | But only one Donald Trump.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Mordisquitos wrote:
         | To be fair, if a real human were to answer the question _" How
         | many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule?"_ time and time
         | again, it would be very easy for them to accidentally reply _"
         | two"_ when asked the same question about oxygen.
         | 
         | The real question is, after the model mistakenly replied _"
         | two"_ to your question, did it also internally trigger the
         | neurons for _" Wait a minute..."_ while inhibiting output?
        
           | hervature wrote:
           | Running the model multiple times doesn't reinforce the model.
           | In general, you should not anthropomorphize algorithms as
           | human cognition does not give any bearing on how algorithms
           | work.
        
             | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
             | It can. Check out "zero shot learning" -> both sentences
             | would be part of a single "evaluation", and the first
             | sentence would prime for the output of the second. (You
             | basically combine multiple "evaluations" into one, and
             | context is held in tensors / blobs)
             | 
             | https://towardsdatascience.com/zero-and-few-shot-
             | learning-c0...
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | Sure, but I feel like we're talking about different
               | things. I consider "context held in tensors" as part of
               | the model. That is, if you zero out these registers, then
               | the model evolves in a deterministic way every time. In
               | this case, when you perform a query, I assume those
               | tensors are always initialized before your query.
        
             | twofornone wrote:
             | >you should not anthropomorphize algorithms as human
             | cognition does not give any bearing on how algorithms work
             | 
             | I disagree. As an ML engineer I see vast parallels between
             | how neural networks essentially parameterize high
             | dimensional joint probability distributions, and how humans
             | reason about the world. Including the learning phase.
             | Through gradual exposure to data, it seems humans and deep
             | nets are both mapping examples to similar topological
             | representations - as evidenced by, for example, totally
             | accidental learning of token arithmetic by large language
             | models, e.g. king + female = queen. I think this humanlike
             | behavior is effectively a form of rudimentary machine
             | reasoning and it makes me rather hopeful that we have
             | stumbled upon the early components of general artificial
             | intelligence.
             | 
             | All of human reasoning can be emulated with complex joint
             | probability distributions. Even emotions boil down to
             | heuristics on these same probabilistic relationships.
             | Though artificial neurons and learning are only very loose
             | approximations of biological neurons and the hebbian
             | principle, I think it's clear at this point that the way
             | that neural networks compress information is already quite
             | humanlike; and furthermore I would hazard a guess that this
             | similarity is a profound manifestation of the nature of
             | information in our reality.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | How are in a water molecule?
           | 
           | > two hydrogen atoms
           | 
           | water molecule?
           | 
           | > isotopes of hydrogen
           | 
           | How water molecule?
           | 
           | > is arranged in a tetrahedral structure
        
       | mrtranscendence wrote:
       | The demo's interesting, though I get errors on some questions.
       | 
       | Q: What's better, Python or R? A: R
       | 
       | Q: I'm a web developer. What's better for me, Python or R? A: R
       | 
       | Q: I'm an embedded developer who pays a lot of attention to
       | performance. What's better for me, C or Python? A: C
       | 
       | Q: My dog is 7.5 months old and bites when she's excited. What
       | should I do? A: train her to not bite
       | 
       | Q: How do I train my puppy not to bite? A: take your puppy to the
       | vet and have them give it a shot of rabies.
       | 
       | Q: I haven't brushed my teeth in three months. What risks do I
       | face? A: decay
       | 
       | Q: My TV is 55 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my
       | TV? A: 10 feet
       | 
       | Q: My TV is 88 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my
       | TV? A: 10 feet
       | 
       | Q: My TV is 36 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my
       | TV? A: 6 feet
       | 
       | Q: I was handling an injured bat, and it bit me in the finger.
       | What should I be worried about? A: rabies
       | 
       | Q: I was handling an injured opossum, and it bit me in the
       | finger. What should I be worried about? A: rabies
       | 
       | Q: Make me a diet plan for losing 30 pounds. A: lose 30 pounds in
       | 3 months
       | 
       | Q: Make me a diet plan for losing 40 pounds. A: lose weight by
       | eating less and exercising more.
       | 
       | Q: How do I become a better data scientist? A: learn the basics
       | of statistics and programming.
       | 
       | Q: How is a data scientist different from a statistician? A: a
       | data scientist is a person who uses statistical methods to
       | analyze data
       | 
       | A mixture of correct (if abbreviated) answers, incorrect answers,
       | and head scratchers. Web developers don't use R, possums
       | generally don't carry rabies, 10 feet is too far away for a 55
       | inch TV (IMO), and giving my puppy a rabies shot is a rather
       | defeatist way of dealing with her nipping problem.
        
         | mrtranscendence wrote:
         | More fun ...
         | 
         | Q: Who is Yann LeCun? A: Chinese-born American
         | 
         | Q: Who is Geoffrey Hinton? A: a British historian
         | 
         | Q: Who is Ian Goodfellow? A: Ian Goodfellow is a British
         | entrepreneur
         | 
         | Q: Who is Yoshua Bengio? A: a French neuroscientist
         | 
         | Q: Who is Peter Norvig? A: Peter Norvig
         | 
         | Q: Who is Andrej Karpathy? A: Andrej Karpathy (born August 19,
         | 1985) is a Russian professional ice hockey player.
         | 
         | Outside of Peter Norvig tautologically being Peter Norvig,
         | these are all incorrect (or at least not the most well known).
         | Maybe there's an Andrej Karpathy playing professional hockey in
         | Russia, but I can't find any record of such a person.
        
       | paulfitz wrote:
       | Pretty good, it found the shovel in "I want to dig a hole, should
       | I use a mole, a worm, a shovel, a tube, a hole, a dig, a spoon, a
       | knife, a drill, or a garden?"
        
       | julien_c wrote:
       | ArXiv link to the paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207
       | 
       | GitHub repo: https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource
        
         | hrgiger wrote:
         | What is the/is there any reproducible measurement for
         | benchmarking a nlp dataset/application. i.e. in paper it
         | mentions:
         | 
         | 'Comparing T0 and GPT-3's robustness Because Brown et al.
         | (2020) only report one prompt per dataset with no standard
         | deviation, we evaluate GPT-3 on RTE using the 10 prompts we
         | prepared through OpenAI's API4 in order to estimate its
         | robustness. Note that one of our templates is identical to
         | Brown et al. (2020, p. 59)'s reported prompt; this prompt
         | scores 58.8% accuracy on the API "Base" series which is lower
         | than the reported accuracy of 63.5% from Brown et al. (2020).
         | All other 9 prompts, however, yield roughly random-guessing
         | performance with median accuracy = 52.96% and interquartile
         | range = 1.28%. These results suggest that T0 is more robust to
         | prompt formulation than GPT-3.'
        
           | srush wrote:
           | Yes there are many reproducible measures for benchmarking NLP
           | datasets. We use many of them in the paper.
           | 
           | The issue here is that we were not completely sure of the
           | process that OpenAI used in their paper. They report the
           | prompt but not the process of finding it. As their model and
           | process is proprietary, it is hard for us to do an apples-to-
           | apples comparison. This small experiment though indicates
           | that it is likely not very robust to prompt wording.
        
       | frankenst1 wrote:
       | Interesting.
       | 
       | >: "Whenever I hear a sound, I jump. A dog sits beside me. It
       | barks. I "
       | 
       | <: "jump"
       | 
       | ***
       | 
       | >: "Whenever I hear a sound, I jump. A dog sits beside me. It
       | sleeps. I "
       | 
       | <: "sneeze"
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | fullstop wrote:
       | According to the demo, his name is John and he's asexual.
        
       | jslakro wrote:
       | Forget skynet ...
       | 
       | >what is the most recent trend? the use of a sexy thong
       | 
       | >what is the future of the people? the people will be able to
       | live in peace
       | 
       | >are cryptocoins dangerous? no
       | 
       | >why cryptocoins are not dangerous? they are not backed by the
       | government
       | 
       | >governments are dangerous? a threat to the stability of the
       | country
       | 
       | >why governments are dangerous? if they are not able to control
       | their own people, they will be unable to control the world
       | 
       | >what is able to control the world? the emperor
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jslakro wrote:
         | >which emperor is able to control the world? Emperor Gaozu ...
         | -_-
        
           | [deleted]
        
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       (page generated 2021-10-18 23:01 UTC)