[HN Gopher] The Fugate family of Kentucky has had blue skin for ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Fugate family of Kentucky has had blue skin for centuries
       (2017)
        
       Author : thatguy0900
       Score  : 240 points
       Date   : 2021-10-16 23:50 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (allthatsinteresting.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (allthatsinteresting.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | One past thread:
       | 
       |  _The Fugate family of Kentucky has had blue skin for centuries_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21096062 - Sept 2019 (86
       | comments)
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Some people get blue skin after exposure to colloidal silver.
        
       | jiahaiqi wrote:
       | Therefore, close relatives to marry is a human breeding taboo,
       | will greatly increase the probability of genetic diseases in
       | infants
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Anyone have better photos, maybe from the 70s onward?
        
         | andai wrote:
         | There's some photos of Paul Karason on Google Images, who
         | developed the same condition from silver poisoning.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | He turned blue from silver poisoning, he did not develop
           | methemoglobinemia from it.
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | So did this guy: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Jones
             | _(Libertarian_poli...
        
             | supermatt wrote:
             | Silver nitrate is a known cause of acquired
             | methemoglobinemia.
        
               | robbedpeter wrote:
               | https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-
               | treatments/argyria-o....
               | 
               | Different conditions. What happens with colloidal silver
               | is the buildup of silver oxides in tissues, permanently
               | staining them blue.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia
         | 
         | Maybe that particular family had it much worse but I don't
         | think I'd ever see someone with it and think "they're blue."
         | Though if it's like poor circulation, it'd looks a bit more
         | blue in person.
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | These people would be naturals in any star trek show. Finally a
       | cheap way to cast more Andorians.
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | The discovery of the treatment in the methylene blue dye is quite
       | fascinating. How exactly did someone figure that out for such a
       | rare condition? And imagine being deep blue all your life and
       | everyone knowing you as blue, then you take this blue pill and
       | bam, you're pink as can be. Must have seemed like practical
       | magic.
        
         | folli wrote:
         | It's a known cure for Methemoglobinemia:
         | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000562.htm
        
         | Nition wrote:
         | The general condition of methemoglobinemia isn't as rare as
         | this family's particular genetic condition, so the methylene
         | blue treatment was already known. I'm not sure when they first
         | discovered that methylene blue can treat methemoglobinemia -
         | methylene blue was discovered in 1876, but it does all sorts of
         | things.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | > _And imagine being deep blue all your life and everyone
         | knowing you as blue, then you take this blue pill and bam, you
         | 're pink as can be. Must have seemed like practical magic._
         | 
         | Almost sounds like homeopathy, without the dilution, that
         | actually works.
        
           | xcambar wrote:
           | So, not homeopathy?
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | I get their point, homeopathy has two bs gimmicks. The
             | first is to use a substance that causes the ailment as a
             | cure, the second is to replace that substance with
             | water/sugar and the idea of the substance.
             | 
             | Using a blue substance to cure someone who's blue is
             | similar to the first gimmick, but here they actually use
             | the substance and medically tested it.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | It has _three_ gimmicks, the first is to never look at
               | causes, only at symptoms.
               | 
               | Then use a substance that causes the same symptom
               | (usually not the ailment, only one of the symptoms), and
               | then dilute it away.
               | 
               | So it scores 2 out of 3. But the dilution part is
               | important :)
        
               | xcambar wrote:
               | For the sake of clarity: I will not stand on the side of
               | homeopathy, ever. It's placebo effect marketing rather
               | than evidence-based science and hence not worth my money.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | I didn't think you did, but valid things can share traits
               | with bullshit and still be valid things.
        
               | xcambar wrote:
               | This is correct and too often ignored. Bullshit owns
               | nothing:)
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | What about when placebo-based medicine offers better
               | patient outcomes, for certain disorders? E.g., for sleep
               | medicine without side effects? We used homeopathy for my
               | daughters car sickness and it worked great.
        
               | xcambar wrote:
               | Placebo is very powerful and is actually validated by
               | scientific research.
               | 
               | So when the conditions are here, as they seemingly were
               | for your daughters, it's great.
               | 
               | Yet, homeopathy, when considered as a potent product,
               | didn't help, because it is not potent. The conditions
               | enabling the placebo effect did. And no one would
               | complain about that :)
               | 
               | The problem arises when homeopathy is sold and marketed
               | as potent _per se_.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | Did you know stretching before a car trip prevents all
               | but the worst car sickness? Both my chiropractor and my
               | acupuncturist recommended it and I haven't suffered from
               | car sickness since.
               | 
               | There, I saved you the cost of the water pills. You don't
               | need costly, potentially dangerous additive laced
               | medicine if you're just looking for the placebo effect.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | Yeah, but she feels sick in the car. Then we give her a
               | pill. There is nothing dangerous in homeopathy, that's
               | the dilution effect.
               | 
               | Another thread trending on the value of placebo:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28887705
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | >There is nothing dangerous in homeopathy
               | 
               | Some of the pills are made using toxic fillers. It's not
               | enough I'd panic over, you can get the placebo effect
               | without ingesting anything shady/expensive.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | Do you have a source for homeopathy being made from toxic
               | filers?
               | 
               | I'd hypothesize that the more expensive the pill, the
               | better the effect.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | I can't find specifics about homeopathic fillers, but any
               | pill not regulated by the FDA is likely to use cheap
               | fillers that are often toxic. Vitamins are where you
               | commonly hear about this, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
               | ki/Regulation_of_food_and_dietary...
               | 
               | I did find this,
               | https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/10/fda-homeopathic-
               | teet... which shows there is some risk, though again
               | you're most likely fine.
               | 
               | >I'd hypothesize that the more expensive the pill, the
               | better the effect.
               | 
               | For you, sure. For your daughter, I bet your confident
               | recommendation is the most important aspect.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Not really. This isn't like cures like. This is triggering a
           | biological system to do something. There is a buildup of a
           | substance that he body could break down but doesn't. So you
           | do something to trigger the system into action. This is more
           | like hydrating someone in order to trigger their kidneys to
           | work harder and thereby flush out some other toxin.
        
         | robbedpeter wrote:
         | Methylene blue was widely used in malaria treatment, and after
         | its relative safety was figured out, ease of access meant
         | doctors went nuts trying it out on all sorts of conditions. And
         | it worked as a treatment for all sorts of things, and was
         | issued to soldiers in the field through wwii. It's a MAOI and
         | shows up in nootropic stacks and discussions all the time.
         | 
         | Makes you pee blue, can treat effects of carbon monoxide
         | poisoning, etc. There were lots of opportunities for someone
         | with blue skin to have encountered the stuff.
        
         | et2o wrote:
         | Methylene blue has a fascinating history in medicine. It was
         | already well known as a treatment for methemoglobinemia
         | however. It's a ready electron acceptor. It's used for a few
         | other conditions today, without a lot of evidence.
        
           | _spduchamp wrote:
           | Yves Klein used Methylene blue in the drinks at one of his
           | shows to great effect... https://socks-
           | studio.com/2019/11/23/iris-clert-yves-klein-th...
        
       | beloch wrote:
       | They don't have a family tree... They have a family _ladder_.
       | Wow.
        
         | exDM69 wrote:
         | Family directed acyclic graph.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | Other than the one person marrying their aunt, the closest
         | connection I can see is a second cousin marrying, something I
         | believe is legal, healthy, and very common in that period. I'd
         | bet portions of your family tree from two hundred years ago
         | would look similar.
        
           | cperciva wrote:
           | Mine certainly does. One quarter of my ancestry comes from an
           | area of Lancashire which had three wealthy families -- the
           | Cleggs, the Mercers, and the Taylors. Those three families
           | intermarried almost exclusively from ca. 1400 until ca. 1850.
        
             | redis_mlc wrote:
             | There still is a lot of cousin marriage today, mostly in
             | religious pockets that are either small for the region, or
             | shrinking rapidly (look at Lebanon or Middle Eastern
             | countries.)
             | 
             | In Islam, since the Prophet wanted to marry his close
             | relatives, their kinship rules have a couple of weird
             | cutout exceptions compared to most uniform rules in other
             | religions.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | That tree's focused on only one person, Ben Stacy; his
           | ancestors. The entire tree sounds a lot more connected:
           | 
           | > However, by the early 1960s, some members of the Fugate
           | clan had begun to resent their cobalt-tinted skin. Not only
           | did their skin mark them as different, but by that time,
           | _people had already begun to associate their skin color with
           | the family's history of inbreeding_.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | I think if any of us had a visual cue showing our familial
             | ties people would also say we had a family history of
             | inbreeding.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | It's called pedigree collapse. Your family tree grows
               | exponentially to the second power with each generation.
               | So a mere 50 generations ago, which is to say roughly
               | 1000-1500 years ago, you had 1,125,899,906,842,624 slots
               | in your family tree. Needless to say the vast majority of
               | those slots don't have a unique person in them.
        
       | adnmcq999 wrote:
       | Blue fugate(s) would be a cool name for a band
        
       | huhtenberg wrote:
       | As others have already mentioned, in addition to the genetic
       | cause of blue skin it can also be caused by an ingestion of
       | silver.
       | 
       | There are several well-publicized cases, all of which were self-
       | inflicted.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyria
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | The patho is different. Fugates' skin was due to methemoglobin.
         | Argyria is the result of the accumulation of silver
         | nanoparticles in body tissues. Argyria is not reversible.
         | 
         | I would imagine the actual hue of the blueness would be
         | different.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | This article touches on something that remains very true today:
       | if you want to study genetic disorders you look at closely-
       | related populations. If the condition you want to study is linked
       | to a recessive gene, you want to find (or create) an isolated
       | population with that gene.
       | 
       | In animals/plants this is why inbreeding can serve a useful
       | function. If you want to detect a recessive gene, but either
       | don't have access to genetic testing or are not sure which gene
       | is involved, you in-breed until you see individuals who express
       | the recessive gene. These individuals inherited the recessive
       | gene from both parents. You then know which parental lines carry
       | the gene, which lets you select for or against it.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Look no further than European Royalty, for example Charles II
         | of Spain's family tree ... er, family square, rather.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | > inbreeding can serve a useful function
         | 
         | Are there any examples of species doing this 'deliberately'?
        
           | inawarminister wrote:
           | Royal consanguinity marriages in old Europe. And many other
           | places as well. Sibling marriages in Egypt and the Diadochi!
        
             | xhevahir wrote:
             | Ancient Ireland, too:
             | https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246227-stone-age-
             | rulin...
        
           | rndgermandude wrote:
           | If I remember correctly, certain types fruit flies prefer
           | inbreeding.
        
           | arbitrage wrote:
           | Have you heard about the Fugate family from Kentucky?
        
           | gilrain wrote:
           | Many, many species of plants are inbreeders. In the plant
           | world, inbreeding and outbreeding seem to both be successful
           | techniques with their own benefits and drawbacks.
        
           | loonster wrote:
           | When they do it deliberately with cattle they call it line
           | breeding.
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | Many show breed dog pedigrees have lots of ancestors, many
             | of them the same dog.
        
       | dav_Oz wrote:
       | Some oxiditation (1%) of Hb (Fe 2+) to metHb (Fe 3+) is normal,
       | it gets reduced back by the enzyme Cytochrome b5 reductase. So
       | far so good.
       | 
       | But since metHb is dysfunctional and cannot bind oxygen and you
       | need levels of at least 10% metHb to be visible as cyanosis: Why
       | didn't they exhibit oxygen-deficit related symptoms?
       | 
       | Or can your body compensate with other mechanism if it's
       | congenital? At least when it is visibly induced you most
       | certainly will also suffer from symptoms like shortness of breath
       | etc.
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia
         | 
         | It would seem you are correct but these effects weren't touched
         | on by the article.
        
       | prvc wrote:
       | >Though today Benjy and most of the Fugate family descendants
       | have lost their blue coloring, the tint still comes out in their
       | skin when they are cold or flush with anger.
       | 
       | I wish they had included at least one photograph of this.
        
         | sam345 wrote:
         | https://allthatsinteresting.com/fugate-family-blue-people-of...
        
         | thinkloop wrote:
         | https://s.abcnews.com/images/Health/abc_blue_man_thg_130925_...
        
           | tomjakubowski wrote:
           | That's argyria from taking colloidal silver.
           | 
           | Methemoglobinemia looks far less severe:
           | https://blogs.brown.edu/emergency-medicine-
           | residency/citw-14...
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | https://duckduckgo.com/?q=fugates+blue+skin&t=h_&iax=images&...
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | I went to college in Kentucky with two of the Fugates, twins in
         | fact. Sorry to report, neither were blue in color.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | Makes sense, seems like in the 1960s they came up with a
           | solution for removing the blue color, so most likely if they
           | have the recessive gene, they are taking those pills.
           | 
           | > Using research collected from studies of isolated Alaskan
           | Eskimo populations, Cawein was able to conclude that the
           | Fugates carried a rare hereditary blood disorder that causes
           | excessive levels of methemoglobin in their blood.
           | 
           | > Cawein devised a cure for this disorder: more blue.
           | Counterintuitively, the best chemical for activating the
           | body's process of turning methemoglobin to hemoglobin is
           | methylene blue dye. The Fugates he treated ingested this dye
           | and within a few minutes, the blue coloration of their skin
           | disappeared, and their skin turned pink.
           | 
           | > As long as they kept ingesting pills of the substance
           | regularly, these blue people of Kentucky could live their
           | lives normally.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | Very well could be. I'd never heard of it at the time I
             | knew them, so didn't know to look or even ask.
             | 
             | I can't confirm they are direct lineage or anything,
             | though. I only know they were Fugate from eastern KY. It's
             | not a particularly common name, nor is eastern KY
             | particularly well populated so figure they are related in
             | some manner.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | If you Google the last name you'll find some pictures
        
           | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
           | I think those are black and white with false colour
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | They do, toward the end of the article.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | He does not look blue.
        
             | colordrops wrote:
             | He doesn't look too blue at all, that is true. They say
             | that most of the color faded as he got older. If you look
             | closely you can see a tinge of blue on his face.
        
         | jacksonkmarley wrote:
         | Same. In fact the obvious question in the absence of
         | photographs is how blue they really were.
        
         | slim wrote:
         | search for methemoglobinemia
        
       | Something1234 wrote:
       | Not to be insensitive, but it would have been interesting if they
       | had a member of the family play an Andorian in Star Trek. Think
       | about it.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | It's more of a gray-ish blue, not bright blue like those
         | characters.
        
         | codeisawesome wrote:
         | Or Kree in MCU!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | superjan wrote:
       | Comically, the author used a stock image to explain how recessive
       | genes work, where the unaffected individual is blue, and the
       | affected is red. It serves more to confuse than explain.
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | Maybe the old term for European aristocrat, blue blood, along
       | with its inbreeding connotations, is more literal than history
       | gives it credence. It's usually attributed to pale skin but
       | perhaps methemoglobinemia was on display.
       | 
       | https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/why-people-nobl...
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | If people had been quite literally blue, it would have been
         | widely written about. You're talking about an era giving people
         | nicknames based on their countenance and using any slight
         | deformity for propaganda was quite common.
        
           | imglorp wrote:
           | True. Or maybe they covered it up with cosmetics, another
           | stereotype of aristocrats?
        
             | msrenee wrote:
             | No.
        
       | nsonha wrote:
       | Now I wonder if the blue skined gods of hinduism are based on
       | real people
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | That's from _Datura metel_
        
       | danschumann wrote:
       | Cool so can we edit our genes to express our inner smurf?
        
         | folli wrote:
         | You don't need gene editing, a bit of Nitrobenzene will do:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33510533/
         | 
         | Note: do not do this!
        
       | vilaca wrote:
       | The true "Indigo Children". Sorry to resurrect that early 2000's
       | meme.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-17 23:02 UTC)