[HN Gopher] California Scrambles to Find Electricity to Offset P...
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       California Scrambles to Find Electricity to Offset Plant Closures
        
       Author : JumpCrisscross
       Score  : 147 points
       Date   : 2021-10-16 14:27 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | speedybird wrote:
       | _" During the Medieval Warm Period, there were at least two
       | century-long megadroughts with only 60-70% of modern
       | precipitation levels. Paleoclimatologists believe that higher
       | temperatures due to global warming may cause California to enter
       | another dry period, with significantly lower precipitation and
       | snowpack levels than observed over the last 150 years.[7]"_
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_California#P...
       | 
       | It seems at this rate, California won't realize it needs
       | desalination plants until it's too late. Desalination plants need
       | a whole lot of power, so California _should_ be preparing for
       | that by building up their energy production capacity.
        
       | m0zg wrote:
       | Excellent news. The more people see the lunacy of these "green"
       | policies in CA, the less chance there is they will metastasize
       | into the rest of the US, and the more chance there is that
       | nuclear (the only really "green" option when it comes to base
       | load) would see a revival. The technology is already there to
       | build dramatically cheaper and safer reactors. The political will
       | is being built up by taking a wrecking ball to CA's energy
       | sector, and those who did it don't even realize what they're
       | doing - their planning horizon does not extend beyond the next
       | election.
        
       | gibsonf1 wrote:
       | Reality simply does not care about ideology. The fact that
       | California management is increasingly making it difficult for
       | both people and businesses to live in the state will mean that
       | the tide of people and businesses leaving the state will simply
       | increase. And this tide is not a factor in how things are being
       | managed, so I'm not sure what would trigger reasonable management
       | in the state again. As much as I love California and the city of
       | San Francisco, the direction of management at all levels is
       | towards doubling down on policies that make living and working in
       | this state increasingly hard, and forces reasonable people and
       | businesses to simply vote with their feet. Wrecking reliable
       | power would be the final straw for many.
        
         | literallyaduck wrote:
         | Voting rights should have a cool down period. If you trash the
         | red or blue stay you live in with your voting policies which
         | are toxic and then when the time to pay the tab comes, you flee
         | to your next victim state and vote for the same unsustainable
         | politicians you had in the place you just left you are a cancer
         | to democracy.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | I still don't understand why CA is phasing out nuclear power.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ink404 wrote:
         | Incentive for other 'green' sources of electricity to come to
         | market
        
           | bufferoverflow wrote:
           | There's nothing greener than an already built nuclear
           | reactor.
        
             | brandonmenc wrote:
             | > already built
             | 
             | Therefore, ineligible for pocketing green subsidies to
             | build new stuff.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Yikes, that's a perverse incentive they should fix.
        
             | minhazm wrote:
             | I think the concern with nuclear energy is around the
             | possibility of a nuclear meltdown. The media portrayal of
             | nuclear energy is that it's very dangerous, even if that's
             | not really true.
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | What radicalized me on nuclear power was seeing the
         | decommissioned San Onofre nuclear plants replaced with natural
         | gas plants.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Because lobby groups for environmentalism/green energy are
         | stuck in the Cold War mentality that anything nuclear is
         | bringing forth the apocalypse.
        
           | gedy wrote:
           | Nuclear is (one of) the new invisible demons flying around to
           | be afraid of.
        
             | TrispusAttucks wrote:
             | It's an old demon. Ironically it's one of the few things
             | that could have prevented our current climate crisis. A
             | great tragedy of human hubris.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | It's more throwing the baby out with the bathwater than
               | hubris.
        
               | TrispusAttucks wrote:
               | hu*bris (noun)
               | 
               | excessive pride or self-confidence
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | I'd say it fits but yours [1] is a better known
               | characterization.
               | 
               | I was using it in the tradition of [2] Greek Tragedy
               | Hubris.
               | 
               | "The overbearing pride which leads humans to follow paths
               | or projects which lead to certain self-destruction."
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_throw_the_baby_
               | out_wit...
               | 
               | [2] http://theatreofancientgreece.blogspot.com/2014/11/hu
               | bris-or...?
        
             | vnchr wrote:
             | It powers evil Bitcoin mining
        
             | andbberger wrote:
             | it's not though. fear of flying is common enough but people
             | accept that's not backed up the statistics. nuclear energy
             | is in the same camp.
             | 
             | it is objectively the safest method for power generation
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | Same as Germany: politics.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | CA politicians are largely integrated into a global financial
         | system that extracts wealth from the middle class by
         | facilitating crises. If crises didn't happen, they don't have
         | an excuse to intervene and tax the population by-proxy. It's no
         | coincidence that when Newsom's governance became threatened
         | that they brought out Obama, Biden, Warren, Sanders, and Pelosi
         | to defend him. They need control of California to use it as a
         | proving ground and maintain the influence the state has. It's
         | not about green energy, Democrats or Republicans, but
         | globalized wealth extraction.
         | 
         | Plus you factor in our remarkably low average IQ in contrast to
         | the vast majority of states and it's hardly a surprise. Our
         | education is abysmal and we feed junk to our poor. How anyone
         | can call CA a success astounds me. It's a political and
         | economical success, but it's hardly a success in what states
         | are actually intended for, which is to serve its citizens.
        
           | sul_tasto wrote:
           | "Never let a crisis go to waste." I too see this pattern over
           | and over again.
        
       | zz865 wrote:
       | Honestly I think this is good and inevitable part of living with
       | renewable energy. Renewable really is different - there are times
       | of the day and days of the year when electricity is scarce and
       | expensive, other windy sunny days when its virtually free.
       | 
       | People will either pay more or save money by changing their
       | lifestyle to match the weather and seasons. Variable pricing and
       | demand management means people don't wash their clothes or charge
       | their cars on cold nights, they charge during the day or when its
       | windy. Maybe people have to pay more to use AC on the hottest
       | days and people will choose to go to the beach/mall/office
       | instead.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | Who are you to make that choice for people? Heat waves and
         | blackouts kill lots of people. Your position seems religious,
         | and impractical. You're treating energy use like sin. It is in
         | my opinion an awful way to view the world.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | I tend to agree, I can't see how we can get to a zero carbon
         | world without some discomfort. Politicians who tell you we can
         | achieve it without changing our lifestyle are lying.
        
           | deschutes wrote:
           | It's easy to argue for ascetism for other people.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | It's easy to stick you're head in the sand and ignore the
             | problem.
        
           | rc2634 wrote:
           | Do you actually think this will make a difference wrt to
           | climate change when most of the carbon pollution in the new
           | few decades will be coming from fast developing countries and
           | China?
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | Carbon emissions are a problem caused by the rich, trying
             | to cast the blame onto China is a red herring.
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16941-y?fbclid=I
             | w...
        
               | rc2634 wrote:
               | I wasn't blaming anyone. I was just stating a fact.
               | Americans consuming less energy is not going to prevent
               | countries like China and India from consuming more energy
               | coming from dirty sources such as coal. Americans
               | consuming less material on the other hand can decrease
               | carbon output in China but that will mostly like just be
               | replaced by material consumption from the fast-developing
               | nations.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Carbon emissions from India are 1.9 tons per capita, for
               | China it is 7.38 per capita and America is 15.52 tons per
               | capita. China would be lower still if it wasn't a factory
               | for American consumer goods.
        
           | _-david-_ wrote:
           | Or we could just use nuclear and not have discomfort.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | Nuclear won't help you fly across the Atlantic.
        
               | JorgeGT wrote:
               | Sure it will. Split water, make hydrogen, burn it in gas
               | turbines:
               | https://www.cleansky.eu/sites/default/files/inline-
               | files/202...
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | "Zero carbon" is not a serious or viable goal, and the only
           | politicians I'm aware of who are promising this are ones with
           | big green constituencies that need to be mollified. Yes, they
           | are lying, because their voters want what is impossible. If
           | that's your voter base, then the politicians who get elected
           | will be the ones who lie to you.
           | 
           | FYI, China is going to open 120 new coal plants this year,
           | adding 100 million tons of coal capacity. It is already
           | emitting more carbon than the Western world, and it's just
           | getting going. There is no green movement there to placate,
           | so they adopted efficency goals of reducing carbon emissions
           | per unit of GDP. Primarily, they want to clean up the air,
           | which means long term moving away from burning coal to
           | generate power as well as cars that burn gasoline. But they
           | are not willing to do this at the expense of economic growth
           | - nor should they. They will reduce usage of coal once
           | sufficient capacity for alternatives is in place, and not
           | before. Nor will they stop doing things like flying planes or
           | making plastics when there are no alternatives.
           | 
           | What is a viable goal is reducing the amount of carbon per
           | dollar of GDP as more efficient processes are adopted, but
           | it's not going to go to _zero_. As the reasonable costs of
           | climate change (according to the latest IPCC report) have
           | been estimated from 0.2% to 2% of global income, it makes
           | little sense to cut GDP by 3% in order to save a reduction in
           | 2%. So apart from those green constitutencies who are
           | convinced the sky will turn red and the clouds will start
           | burning, the rest of the world is not going to reduce carbon
           | emissions at _any cost_. That 's a non-starter.
           | 
           | That carbon/GDP ratio can however, fall quite a bit, for
           | example with large scale adoption of nuclear power, so it's a
           | bit puzzling why the same same absolutist groups also oppose
           | nuclear power. I really wish they would join us pro-nuclear
           | types. Similarly there seems to be a lot of opposition to
           | things like hydrogen fuel, when that's the most likely
           | replacement for planes and heavy trucks, due to its energy
           | density. So really if we want more efficient use of energy,
           | we should be investing in developing better energy sources
           | rather than trying to convince the world to "change
           | lifestyles". Who knows, maybe in 100 years fossil fuels will
           | be looked at in the same way as burning wood for steam is
           | today, but it's not going to happen by changing lifestyles,
           | it will happen with technological breakthroughs.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | California has had rolling blackouts now for a few years, and
         | it gets hot enough that the height of summer is absolutely
         | risky for the infirm and elderly. I don't imagine making the
         | problem worse is going to help those who depend on medical
         | devices either.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/10/us/california-power-outag...
        
           | zz865 wrote:
           | That's the core of the problem though right, sacrifice
           | something today to help reduce the greenhouse problem in the
           | future.
        
             | finiteseries wrote:
             | No, that is specifically the core worldview of a century
             | old strain of environmental activism that has been
             | repeatedly dunked on by reality & technological progress at
             | nearly every single turn.
             | 
             | "Sacrifice _someone_ today to help reduce the
             | overpopulation /famine/nuclear war/greenhouse problem in
             | the future, or else doom!"
        
         | tomjen3 wrote:
         | More likely they will blame whomever is in office and it will
         | be yet another wedge issue.
        
         | andbberger wrote:
         | we need more energy, not less! if you want to be an ascetic
         | because you have an irrational fear of nuclear energy go right
         | ahead. but we need to be bringing TWs online to run those
         | carbon skimmers and nuclear is the only real route to do so
        
         | crisdux wrote:
         | We do not need to sacrifice our prosperity in order to
         | decarbonize our electricity grid. What you are suggesting will
         | result in more inequality, more avoidable deaths and slower
         | progress. What you are advocating for is counter productive and
         | will inspire a backlash that will make your goals harder to
         | achieve. We need to be pragmatic.
        
         | hguant wrote:
         | >Honestly I think this is good and inevitable part of living
         | with renewable energy.
         | 
         | "It's good that the little people suffer, it will make them pay
         | attention and live a more virtuous life."
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _People will either pay more or save money by changing their
         | lifestyle_
         | 
         | Or this will massively backfire and we'll roll back to dirty
         | power.
         | 
         | I don't understand the antinuclear orthodoxy. Just when I
         | thought the Baby Boomer/GenX cultural dividend couldn't throw
         | another turd in the punch bowl, we get dated ideology around
         | nuclear power threatening to throw back decarbonisation by at
         | least a generation.
        
           | Gimpei wrote:
           | What does this have to do with boomers? Who do you think
           | built that plant?
        
             | souplesse wrote:
             | I think the origins of the anti-nuclear movement are
             | generally associated with the flower-power/Summer of
             | Love/anti-war/early environmental movements of the late
             | 60s/early 70s, which are generally associated with the baby
             | boomer generation.
             | 
             | Diablo Canyon began construction in 1968. The oldest baby
             | boomer would have been 22. Seems reasonable to conclude
             | that the decision to build the plant predates them.
             | 
             | EDIT: Confused by the downvote--does someone disagree on
             | the timeline?
        
               | TrispusAttucks wrote:
               | Anti-nuclear movement (1960-1980)
               | 
               | "The initial objective of the movement was nuclear
               | disarmament, though since the late 1960s opposition has
               | included the use of nuclear power. Many anti-nuclear
               | groups oppose both nuclear power and nuclear weapons. The
               | formation of green parties in the 1970s and 1980s was
               | often a direct result of anti-nuclear politics."
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement
        
               | souplesse wrote:
               | > since the late 1960s opposition has included the use of
               | nuclear power
               | 
               | Confused--isn't that what I said?
        
               | TrispusAttucks wrote:
               | Yes.
               | 
               | I am agreeing with you.
               | 
               | I just wanted to provide some factual reference to
               | support your point further. I did not down vote you nor
               | do I know why you're being down voted.
        
               | souplesse wrote:
               | Roger. I considered that but just wanted to clarify,
               | thanks.
        
           | prewett wrote:
           | I don't know what "antinuclear othodoxy" is but it seems
           | reasonable to oppose a technology that creates waste products
           | that cause mutations in the genetic code for thousands of
           | years, and for which we have two cases where reactors have
           | made land uninhabitable. Even worse, companies have a
           | tendency to under-invest in maintenance and over-estimate
           | resilience. When the consequences are uninhabitable land for
           | decades, centuries, or possibly millenia, this is a dangerous
           | technology to use.
        
       | NikolaeVarius wrote:
       | > PG&E announced that it plans to close the two Diablo Canyon
       | reactors in 2024 and 2025, stating that because California's
       | energy regulations give renewables priority over nuclear, the
       | plant would likely only run half-time, making it uneconomical.
       | 
       | > In 2020, experts at the California Independent System Operator
       | (CAISO) warned that when the plant closes the state will reach a
       | "critical inflection point", which will create a significant
       | challenge to ensure reliability of the grid without resorting to
       | more fossil fuel usage, and could jeopardize California's
       | greenhouse gas reduction targets.
       | 
       | Good stuff, shooting yourself in the foot because ideology versus
       | reality
        
         | varelse wrote:
         | Solar has become dramatically cheaper in the past decade but
         | the policymakers don't seem capable of realizing it's still not
         | enough for America's energy needs on its own, doubly so
         | drought-ridden California.
        
           | petschge wrote:
           | How are droughts creating problems for solar?
        
             | varelse wrote:
             | They aren't, they're creating weird issues with the power
             | grid due to lack of investment there for which Californians
             | are now on the hook to address through higher utility
             | bills.
             | 
             | https://www.pge.com/en_US/about-pge/company-
             | information/regu...
        
         | anm89 wrote:
         | This could almost be a good thing. If they shut this plant down
         | and immediately start experiencing grid reliability issues it
         | could get some press coverage and be a wakeup call
        
           | dhritzkiv wrote:
           | Negative press coverage doesn't seem to phase PG&E
        
             | rytcio wrote:
             | or the california government
        
               | vinay427 wrote:
               | This entire recall election for the governor seemed to
               | stem from press coverage that sparked a limited movement.
               | Considering the result seemed too close for comfort
               | throughout much of the campaign process, I wouldn't
               | exactly consider the government immune to negative press.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | nuclear isn't profitable for lobbyist because of the
         | regulations around it, can't outsource production of panels to
         | China and reap massive profit margins from subsidies. Same
         | thing for wind turbines. I know executives with power companies
         | who built out massive wind farms only because of the subsidies,
         | those wind mills have about a 20 year life time and can't be
         | recycled or reused
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | If only reality would listen to reason.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | Reason working its will on reality is the definition of
           | progress.
        
         | KorematsuFredt wrote:
         | Facts don't matter only feelings do - One of the California
         | politicians.
         | 
         | When people say X must be treated and utility and politicians
         | must control it, I show them PG&E as a glorious example of
         | California's corruption and overall incompetence.
        
         | iscrewyou wrote:
         | This has been in the works since 2016.
         | 
         | https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/End-of-an-atomic-era...
        
         | abecedarius wrote:
         | > because California's energy regulations give renewables
         | priority over nuclear
         | 
         | Hack to solve this: classify nuclear as renewable?
        
           | SllX wrote:
           | Or just repeal a bad law instead of trying to fill the law
           | books with hacks.
        
             | abecedarius wrote:
             | It's effectively renewable because (1) there's essentially
             | no pollution and (2) with no prospect of new plants, mining
             | of fuel is not going to add up to much impact.
             | 
             | I agree with your viewpoint in general.
        
               | SllX wrote:
               | Nah I don't think you can take linguistic shortcuts on
               | this. As much as I'm a proponent of nuclear power, I'm a
               | bigger proponent of repealing bad laws rather than
               | accommodating them with poorly thought out extensions and
               | calling nuclear something it's not doesn't sit well with
               | me when it stands fine on its own merits.
               | 
               | I think we're agreeing directionally at least.
        
               | abecedarius wrote:
               | Yeah, that's fair. Admittedly I posted that comment
               | because it amused me.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | ... because activism trumps intelligence.
        
         | JaimeThompson wrote:
         | Much the same is happening in Texas but in the opposite
         | direction. [1]
         | 
         | ""I'm very disappointed," Nichols said, taking issue with a
         | provision in the new law that lets gas companies easily skirt
         | weatherization requirements as long as they don't declare
         | themselves to be "critical infrastructure" with the state."
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.houstonchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/...
        
         | iab wrote:
         | Yes, this the motto on our state flag I believe
        
         | brink wrote:
         | > ideology versus reality
         | 
         | It works until it doesn't. I don't think it's common knowledge
         | today that ideology is a luxury, and doesn't put gas in the
         | tank of a functioning society, now that we've generally taken a
         | functioning society for granted.
        
           | PicassoCTs wrote:
           | Disasters created by ideology are the normal pathway to
           | vaccinate the general population against memetic viruses.
           | Were education may fail, a winter with rolling black-outs,
           | may not.
        
             | almost_usual wrote:
             | Sometimes you need a forcing function.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | There's probably a theory in there that any technological or
           | social system is doomed to have periodic major preventable
           | failures as a function of human life span and attention. If
           | people aren't reminded of failure they will inevitably
           | neglect the system until it happens.
           | 
           | There's a follow up whereby it might be optimal to design
           | systems explicitly to allow somewhat frequent non
           | catastrophic failures to keep people on their toes. Attempts
           | at "perfect" safety seeming to only build up to less frequent
           | but bigger disasters.
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | The tradeoff is one failure for another
        
             | TrispusAttucks wrote:
             | The theory you may be looking for is [1] Chesterton's Fence
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://thereaderwiki.com/en/Wikipedia:Chesterton%27s_fence
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Cliodynamics is this, but for the miseries of industrial
             | war.
        
         | selimnairb wrote:
         | Yeah, this seems really stupid. I can see an argument for
         | prioritizing renewables for new capacity (and can also see the
         | argument for not), buy if the nuclear plants are already built,
         | why de-prioritize dispatching their power now?
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | Probably because they're not. It's just the offer cost of
           | nuke in the market is substantially higher than the
           | juggernaut of solar, so the "invisible hand" is pushing it's
           | capacity factor (how often it runs) down considerably to
           | where it can't make enough money to stay in business.
           | 
           | Of course this isn't 100% due to free markets as the
           | subsidies of renewables allow them to offer in extremely
           | cheaply, but it exacerbates the problem. Even without the
           | subsidies, this would happen with current designs. Now of
           | course there is "resiliency" value to having a nuke plant
           | (example: when the sun doesn't shine) that is a value by
           | itself, but it isn't being priced and paid for.
        
             | andbberger wrote:
             | the electricity market equivalent of HOAs are not the
             | invisible hand
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | hguant wrote:
             | I mean, the quote and the article disagree with what you're
             | saying - it's not the "invisible hand of the market", it's
             | a policy choice by California to prioritize buying from
             | renewables over "dirty" power. Oil and coal can eat that
             | because they have lower operating costs and fill a
             | different need than nuclear does. Implying that this is due
             | to the superiority of "the juggernaut of solar" seems
             | incorrect to me.
             | 
             | I get there's this utopian vision of solar, and the gains
             | in the industry have been impressive, but those gains are
             | backed by some really deep market subsidies and policy
             | choices - which, to be fair, were needed to get the
             | technology off the ground. However, it's not there yet, and
             | it didn't get there under its own power. What we're seeing
             | here is a repercussion of those policy choices, not the a
             | market stabilization in favour of a superior player.
        
               | short12 wrote:
               | Are not all forms of generation heavily subsidized? I
               | feel if you could generate electricity by killing kittens
               | and baby seals you would instantly get a subsides
        
               | TrispusAttucks wrote:
               | It's sad really.
               | 
               | There is an alternative reality where anti nuclear
               | activist [1] never succeeded and we continued to make
               | great progress on reactors. Ultimately, reducing fossil
               | fuel use and corresponding GHG levels.
               | 
               | One of the very things the environmental groups fought
               | against was one of the things that could have saved us.
               | 
               | "The road to hell is paved with good intentions."
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | Yes, this country should be covered in nuclear plants
               | that provide the majority of our electricity. Energy
               | should be too cheap to meter. Whatever problems we as a
               | society may have, it will take energy to address those
               | problems, and the core of our energy production has to be
               | stable and reliable.
        
               | hguant wrote:
               | I had a conversation with a co-worker who used to work
               | for Toshiba heavy industries on their nuclear stuff - he
               | made the interesting point that there's only so much
               | accessible uranium on the planet, to the point where we'd
               | use up all of it in ~75 years if we were running the
               | entire planet on nuclear. The only way around this is to
               | use breeder reactors, which is a huge no-no from an
               | international relations perspective because those are the
               | same types of reactors used to make nuclear grade fissile
               | materials.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | Conventional reactors also produce plutonium; in fact,
               | there's a suspicion that one reason Chernobyl was so
               | poorly designed (e.g. lacking a containment dome) was
               | that they were extracting warhead fuel from it. About a
               | third of the energy in US reactors is actually from
               | fissioning plutonium, but they do that inefficiently so
               | plutonium and other transuranics make up most of the
               | long-term radioactivity in high-level nuclear waste.
               | 
               | On the other hand, breeder reactors don't necessarily
               | make weapons-grade material. The Integral Fast Reactor in
               | the US produced a mix of four plutonium isotopes, which
               | was totally unsuitable for weapons, and harder to enrich
               | to weapons-grade than natural uranium.
               | 
               | Using breeders multiplies the energy from uranium ore by
               | a factor of a hundred. With such low fuel consumption, it
               | also makes seawater extraction pretty easy, which extends
               | our fuel supply to many millions of years.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | I believe Russia runs the only 2 breeder reactors known
               | to be operational? So if they can get away with it, seems
               | like major nuclear powers could agree to produce fissile
               | material for energy purposes, keeping public record of
               | how much is made and selling some limited quantity to
               | poor countries for running small plants. Require public
               | audits by an agreed upon body created for such a purpose
               | and representing equally each major nuclear power. There
               | can be solutions made.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | It's a fair point. The US or Russia having more bomb-
               | grade fissile material isn't such a shift in geopolitical
               | reality.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | Honestly that seems like a more easily solvable problem
               | than what to do with ~30 billion solar panels and the
               | corresponding battery capacity that would need to be
               | built up if we tried to get the bulk of the world's
               | energy from solar. Of course when someone points out that
               | there isn't enough raw material to make all those
               | batteries and panels, the standard answer is "we'll mine
               | more", but strangely that's not supposed to be an option
               | with mining uranium -- so I am generally skeptical of the
               | "peak uranium" theories. It's not even a matter of
               | needing to turn to breeder reactors, although that's
               | certainly a possibility, but rather it's just a question
               | of mining more, and that always happens as technology
               | improves and demand for a metal increases.
               | 
               | But sure, nuclear power is not something that would work
               | for every nation on earth. But it would certainly work
               | well for North America and the EU, as well as China,
               | India, Australia, and Japan, which together account for
               | the majority of the world's energy needs.
        
               | credit_guy wrote:
               | There are 4 billion tons of uranium dissolved in the
               | oceans [1]. That's about 80000 times the worldwide annual
               | production.
               | 
               | [1] https://cen.acs.org/materials/Fishing-uranium-ocean-
               | spider-s...
        
               | DiabloD3 wrote:
               | Your co-worker may be mistaken. ~75 would only make sense
               | if he was saying of _known_ deposits. And even then,
               | there is about 50 million tons of known deposits, and the
               | currently open mines only account for about a tenth of
               | that... I 'm not sure we'd need to burn through the
               | resulting refined product of 50 million tons of
               | pitchblende to run the entire planet for 75 years.
               | 
               | This also ignores the _rest_ of the intended refinement
               | chain: thorium and other reactor fuel sources.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The uranium deposits are a long way from 1:1 with fuel
               | grade uranium. Natural ore is generally under 20%
               | uranium, and that uranium is 90.3% U238, and 0.7% U235.
               | Reactors want ~5% U235 but depleted uranium is still 0.2%
               | to 0.3% U235. Which means your produce less than 10% fuel
               | grade uranium from every ton of natural uranium. Ex:
               | Cigar Lake with ~217 million pounds (99,000 t) of ore at
               | 18% uranium is only going to produce ~1,700t of reactor
               | grade uranium. As you very roughly get 1GW for 1 year
               | from 1t of reactor grade fuel that's only 23GW for 75
               | years.
               | 
               | Aka, those 50m t of ore globally work out to around
               | 0.5-1m t of fuel though we're extracting the cheapest
               | stuff first so expect prices to rise well before you
               | extract all of it. There are also options to extract
               | vastly more energy from that same ore, but again they all
               | make nuclear more expensive.
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | > 75 years if we were running the entire planet on
               | nuclear
               | 
               | That seems like plenty of time to
               | 
               | a) build renewables
               | 
               | b) figure out fusion
               | 
               | c) discover/make accessible more uranium just like we did
               | with oil
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | This is an interesting point. Is there some data to use
               | as a reference for it? Would other forms of nuclear fuel
               | replace uranium in larger quantities?
               | 
               | I feel like this has been absent in many pro-nuclear
               | arguments (I always assumed we had much more)
        
               | hguant wrote:
               | There's "uranium in the planet" - lots! - and "uranium
               | accessible to humans" - not so much.
               | 
               | The other fuel used would be plutonium and thorium, I
               | believe. My understanding (not a nuclear scientist) is
               | that there's a cycle of enrichment and decay that
               | produces more fissile materials than it consumes.
               | 
               | Interestingly, from my perusal of wikipedia, it seems
               | like you effectively can recycle the uranium isotopes
               | indefinitely in such a reactor, as well as generating
               | fissile plutonium and thorium.
               | 
               | Again, the problem is that generating fissile plutonium
               | is how you make a bomb
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | I think China is testing a thorium reactor now.
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02459-w
               | 
               | China is leading the way, both in terms of adding coal
               | capacity right now to address the power outages while
               | also building out nuclear capacity for the future.
               | 
               | The ability to act rationally like this when popular
               | movements turn irrational is one advantage of an
               | authoritarian system. No doubt many in the west are
               | looking somewhat enviously at China.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | That's not how electricity markets work such as the CAISO
               | market.
               | 
               | Generators bid in their short run marginal cost for
               | energy and the cost to provide certain reserve services
               | and the unit commitment and economic dispatch algorithms
               | choose which resources to turn on and what level they run
               | at based on some cost minimization function.
               | 
               | Before markets, the incumbent utility would run all their
               | nukes and coal as base load. Now with regional markets
               | you have lots of utilities and private entities
               | competing. Once massive amounts of cheap renewables
               | (armed with subsidies to boot) entered the supply mix, it
               | pushed out the most expensive generation to where instead
               | of running ~24/7, they began running far less. Go look at
               | any nuke plants capacity factor (percentage of the year
               | running) in the US by year (you can Google it). You'll
               | see a rather sharp drop. It can only go so low before the
               | plant has to be retired as the cost to run it is greater
               | than the break even point. CAISO operators obviously
               | don't want that, but absent some kind of side payment
               | from the state (unpopular with economists), it's the
               | inevitable outcome.
               | 
               | I just wanted to make the distinction that the entity
               | running the market and making sure the grid doesn't
               | blackout usually doesn't make any decisions regarding
               | what the rate payers at the retail level pay for. Even if
               | they know a plant is required for reliability, it's a
               | difficult process to figure out how to accommodate the
               | plant outside the market. It could be argued that these
               | markets in the US need to figure out how to better
               | quantify the risk from losing these nukes and reflect
               | that as part of the price (as well as other
               | technologies). So far that hasn't occurred. Some areas
               | have long-term capacity markets (example: PJM), but
               | California does not (I don't think). Even then, the
               | capacity markets have had many issues.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Now with regional markets you have lots of utilities
               | and private entities competing. Once massive amounts of
               | cheap renewables (armed with subsidies to boot) entered
               | the supply mix, it pushed out the most expensive
               | generation to where instead of running ~24/7, they began
               | running far less.
               | 
               | What this really means is that their cost function is
               | broken.
               | 
               | Power plants really have three types of costs.
               | 
               | The first is the construction cost. This is a sunk cost
               | for anything that already exists.
               | 
               | The second is fixed operating costs. This is things like
               | property tax and security and maintenance, which you
               | could save if you shut down the plant permanently, but
               | you don't save at all by having it run at e.g. 50%
               | capacity.
               | 
               | The third is variable operating costs. The cost of
               | generating the incremental MWh, given that the plant is
               | operational. For fossil fuel plants this is dominated by
               | fuel. For nuclear plants (and renewables) this is
               | basically zero.
               | 
               | Only the second and third should be a factor in whether a
               | plant that already exists gets shut down. But more
               | importantly, only the third should be a factor in where
               | you buy power.
               | 
               | If you have a nuclear power plant which you're paying to
               | keep operational but not consuming 100% of its output,
               | you did the math wrong. (Or your electricity prices are
               | regularly zero or negative.)
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | Electricity markets have been exhaustively researched for
               | ~2 decades (the type we have in the US) and even longer
               | for economic power systems in general.
               | 
               | All that to say the way things are done are not perfect,
               | but they have had a lot of brilliant people looking into
               | them for a long time. There is a lot of economic theory
               | out there on the usage of short run marginal costs for
               | offers and renewables are insanely cheap in comparison to
               | most other technologies.
               | 
               | When you talk about paying for a nuke plant, but not
               | consuming 100% of it's output, that's not exactly what
               | I'm talking about. I would guess that many nukes simply
               | have to run and can't be committed/decommitted like many
               | other conventional technologies. They essentially become
               | a price taker at that point and whatever they are making
               | is likely not enough to cover what they need to stay in
               | business. I hope that's more clear.
               | 
               | Also, zero or negative prices are indeed becoming
               | increasingly common in certain parts of the US.
               | 
               | Edit: the capacity factors I saw posted publicly for
               | nukes in 2020 weren't near as bad as I thought.
               | Regardless, there are still a lot of planned retirements
               | as I understand it, in the next few years. With Southern
               | Company's Vogtle way over budget and behind schedule, I
               | can't imagine another nuke being built in the US of that
               | kind anytime soon either.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > Electricity markets have been exhaustively researched
               | for ~2 decades (the type we have in the US) and even
               | longer for economic power systems in general.
               | 
               | Do you think these cost functions properly price
               | disruptions? I'm saying this because the US is an order
               | of magnitude less reliable than in Europe, and most of
               | these costs are pushed onto consumers. E.g. When the
               | power goes out and I have to throw away food or lose a
               | day of work, PGE has never compensated me for that. It's
               | externalized. Now imagine a scenario where lots of people
               | rely on the grid to charge their cars.
               | 
               | I'm really skeptical of the obsessive hyper-optimization
               | that's going on. If you have a situation where there is
               | an extremely cheap energy provider that is highly
               | unreliable, it could drive out of business the more
               | expensive, reliable provider, and that needs to be taken
               | into account. The zero or negative spot prices that were
               | common in Texas as a result of windpower look to be an
               | example of that pathology at work.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | "it didn't get there under its own power"
               | 
               | Existing power infrastructure has already paid its
               | capital costs, meaning they have a massive incumbent
               | advantage. Coal and gas power also haven't historically
               | had to pay for their externalities, which is another
               | distortion in their favor. This means that without extra
               | incentives, you're stuck with coal until the plants need
               | to be replaced, which essentially means until something
               | truly magical happens or forever, whichever comes first.
               | 
               | So, you can look at the subsidies for solar as offsets
               | for the incumbent advantages and externality subsidies
               | enjoyed by fossil fuels. Meanwhile, the LCOE of solar has
               | improved exponentially with scale and semiconductor
               | improvements, which gets close to the 'something
               | magical.'
        
           | KorematsuFredt wrote:
           | Shutting an existing plant without having an alternative in
           | sight is just plain stupid even if it was coal powered power
           | plant. Higher energy prices and lack of energy also kills
           | people and damages environment. Do you really want people to
           | run diesel generators in their backyard when power goes off ?
           | Do you really prefer people to buy gas powered gadgets or
           | cars because they don't trust electric grid ? In the absence
           | of reliably grid electricity, people might opt for
           | alternatives that are much more damaging.
           | 
           | My local solar company advertises itself as "alternative to
           | unreliable PG&E", it is expensive and not many can afford it
           | but I can see why some people might spend their healthcare or
           | education budget on buying those expensive solar panels.
        
           | dv_dt wrote:
           | Because Diablo canyon is also built on an earthquake fault.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | _Diablo Canyon is designed to withstand an earthquake of
             | shaking amplitude ten times larger than that which the
             | Shoreline fault is capable of triggering, based on an
             | analysis by plant owner Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)_
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_earthquake_vu
             | l...
        
               | petschge wrote:
               | Plants owners will always say that they analyzed their
               | own plant being safe...
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | _NRC 's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake
               | intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at
               | Diablo Canyon was 1 in 23,810 according to an NRC study
               | published in August 2010._
        
               | heisenbit wrote:
               | And that is before they start storing spent fuels on
               | site.
        
               | Beldin wrote:
               | Indeed. This sort of thing should be called "toilet
               | ducking", in recognition of the (Dutch) brand whose ads
               | poked fun at this very idea in the 90s. "Therefore, we of
               | Toilet Duck recommend ... Toilet Duck!" ("Toilet duck" is
               | a transliteration of their name.)
               | 
               | Moreover, it sounds suitably silly to be used for such
               | silly nonsense.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Toilet Duck is sold as such in the US.
        
               | adanto6840 wrote:
               | Just note that PG&E is the entity who has stated the
               | Shoreline fault is only capable of a 6.5 magnitude
               | earthquake - while the plant is designed to be capable of
               | handling [after post-construction updates] an earthquake
               | up to 7.5 magnitude (10X since it's a log scale).
               | 
               | Also note, the linked page states there are four "nearby"
               | faults -- it doesn't state the distance to them, but
               | included is the San Andreas fault, and I'm relatively
               | confident we know it's capable of producing >= 7.5
               | magnitude earthquakes.
               | 
               | I don't know, nor claim to know, much of anything about
               | how susceptible [or not] this plant is to seismic events
               | -- and I'm generally quite pro-nuclear -- but it's worth
               | noting that there are other seismic concerns here, and
               | potentially some questionable incentives for PG&E who is
               | the one attesting to the capabilities of the area & this
               | specific plant.
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | The first part of what you say is not valid: outside
               | groups have estimated the capabilities of the close
               | Shoreline fault. The rest of your comment I agree with.
               | Although I would point out that if San Andreas quaked at
               | (eg) 8, it would not be 8 when it reached Diablo Canyon.
               | 
               |  _According to USGS seismologist, Jeanne L. Hardebeck,
               | the Shoreline Fault has potential to trigger an
               | earthquake of 6.4-6.8 magnitude_
        
               | SkyMarshal wrote:
               | Keep in mind that one mistake made in the Fukushima
               | design, and which might be happening here, is whether
               | these estimates are based only on past historical data or
               | not.
               | 
               | If they're based on historical data, on the worst known
               | past earthquake/s in the region, then they may be
               | effectively black-swan blind. Eg, they may be failing to
               | take into account that the worst past events always
               | exceeded the prior worst event before it, and therefore
               | prior worst events were not, and are not, a reliable
               | measure for future ones.
               | 
               | Building earthquake-proof nuclear reactors requires, at
               | minimum, taking the worst past earthquake nearby, and
               | assuming the next will be worse yet, and building for
               | _that_ one (or the one after, etc).
               | 
               | Or better yet, just don't build nuclear plants on top of
               | fault lines, regardless of what historical data shows
               | about it.
        
               | SkittyDog wrote:
               | Your point is clear enough, but both the parent &
               | grandparent comments are misuing the terminology.
               | 
               | Earthquake sizes are usually expressed via Richter scale
               | or Moment Magnitude Scale values, which both attempt to
               | quantify the _total energy released_ by the quake. These
               | scales do NOT quantify the force experienced at any
               | particular location, which depends heavily on distance
               | from the epicenter and local geology. For that kind of
               | quantity, you would use a seismic intensity scale (https:
               | //en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_intensity_scales).
               | 
               | So it's wrong to say that a quake "...would not be 8 when
               | it reaches Diablo Canyon" because the value '8' is an MMS
               | or Richter value. Instead, you could say that "...the
               | damage potential would be reduced by the distance to
               | Diablo Canyon."
        
               | newbamboo wrote:
               | Do you trust pg&e after the whole French laundry lobbyist
               | thing? https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/abc10-ori
               | ginals/new...
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | No, I would definitely support an audit of their claims.
               | With my comment, I intended to point out that a
               | seismically active location may not be game over for a
               | nuclear plant if proper consideration is taken.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | The same PG&E also fell behind on maintenance of
               | vegetation around power lines, causing wildfires. As well
               | as gas pipe infrastructure, causing a neighborhood scale
               | explosion.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | On the other hand, distributed, statewide maintenance
               | (vegetation, gas pipelines) is very different than
               | centralized maintenance (nuclear power plant).
               | 
               | It doesn't speak well to their competence, but "inspect
               | and maintain 1,000s of miles of line" is different than
               | "inspect and maintain 1,000 items in one place."
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | If the risks were equivalent, but it's maintain many more
               | than 1000 items to at a tolerance 1000 times more
               | sensitive with a outcome 1000 times worse than a wildfire
               | or gas explosion.
        
       | black_13 wrote:
       | Wsj loves to point out dysfunctional gov. But not so much
       | dysfunctional dysfunctional business and will stoke off free
       | market
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | California resident here - worrying to see smart people react to
       | rage-bait like "scrambles" and then pile on the pre-formed
       | opinions. Power industry has super-smart analysts and then a big
       | cadre of private investor analysts, and management, that do
       | nothing but research this, since the day you were born. Nothing
       | is "surprising" in this field. This is pure manipulation wording,
       | and you are falling for it in these comments.
        
         | rrss wrote:
         | Read http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Final-Root-Cause-Analysis-
         | Mid... and see if you still think these analysts are
         | omniscient.
        
         | mjfl wrote:
         | I've never experienced any rolling blackouts in any us state,
         | and I've lived in 3 others, before living in California.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | It was dumb when Germany did it, it still is when California
         | does.
         | 
         | Look into your super smart analysts and private investors,
         | check which lobbies and which industries they get paid by,
         | they're the same guys that told us petrol was safe during the
         | last 120 years
        
       | inglor_cz wrote:
       | The EU is undergoing a massive price hike right now and several
       | countries want to rethink the common policy as well (in direction
       | nuclear).
       | 
       | Unfortunately with the renewables of today, a freak streak of
       | windless, cold and dark winter days is very destabilizing. There
       | still isn't an economic and ad-lib scalable way how to conserve
       | excess energy produced on sunny, windy days for future use.
       | Pumped storage only works in certain geography and suitable sites
       | are already mostly taken here.
       | 
       | I hope that small reactors, Rolls-Royce like, can be built quick
       | enough and for reasonable money. Big nuclear plants tend to be
       | stuck in bureaucratic and constructional quagmire for decades.
       | 
       | https://www.rolls-royce.com/innovation/small-modular-reactor...
        
         | bingohbangoh wrote:
         | The Ignalina Power Plant in eastern Lithuania was
         | decommissioned as a prerequisite to enter the EU. I always
         | thought they should reactivate, especially given the reliance
         | on Russian gas for power.
         | 
         | I'm aware its a Type II reactor (same as Chernobyl) but it
         | should be easier to convert to a modern Type IV, no?
        
       | google234123 wrote:
       | California has such a disfunctional gov, don't ever let people
       | tell you there's no money. It's just going to overpaid public
       | sector workers in education (where you can't be fired after 2
       | years and pay is completely based on seniority), health care, and
       | the prisons. Police in my area make up to 600k with overtime, and
       | probably get a similarly large guaranteed pension. All those
       | services have gotten huge increases in money over the last few
       | years with 0 to negative improvement.
        
         | thatfrenchguy wrote:
         | I mean, NIMBYs have made it impossible to live in Northern
         | California unless you make a lot of money. 80k for a teacher
         | sounds a lot until you realize that you have to have roommates
         | to survive or have inherited a place.
        
           | riazrizvi wrote:
           | NIMBY protections have been struck down statewide with the
           | passage of a September law banning single family zoning [1].
           | I believe pressure to remove Newsom was driven by NIMBYs and
           | real estate investors who wanted to prevent this. So
           | hopefully we will see the housing crisis here ease somewhat.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-market-pandemic-
           | home...
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | Inheritance needs to be abolished or severely curtailed.
           | 
           | It's weakening society by giving the lazy children of
           | privilege outsized reward and power while making it nearly
           | impossible for motivated, hard working contributors to
           | society the ability to rise up.
        
             | syshum wrote:
             | Have any actual data support this claim?
             | 
             | Because reality generally disagrees with your assessment.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _NIMBYs have made it impossible to live in Northern
           | California unless you make a lot of money_
           | 
           | At which point the tax base starts rotting.
           | 
           | I grew in up the Bay Area. (Among other places.) The clear
           | trend in my high school group: make money, buy a house, move
           | to a lower-tax state (read: any state), pay what you owe for
           | the days you're in California. Which leaves middle class
           | folks like my parents, one of whom was until recently a bank
           | teller, shouldering the cost for these policies.
        
         | nouveaux wrote:
         | I totally get it and agree that there are so many problems in
         | California's government. With that said, please show me a state
         | that is better run compared to California. I am genuinely
         | curious to learn how we can do better.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | US News does a ranking, taking into account infrastructure,
           | education, fiscal health, crime, health care, etc.
           | 
           | https://www.usnews.com/news/best-
           | states/rankings?int=top_nav...
           | 
           | Their top states are:
           | 
           | Washington
           | 
           | Minnesota
           | 
           | Utah
           | 
           | New Hampshire
           | 
           | Idaho
           | 
           | Nebraska
           | 
           | Virginia
           | 
           | Wisconsin
           | 
           | Massachusetts
           | 
           | Florida
           | 
           | I am not going to die on the hill that this is the best
           | ranking system. For example, every benefit has a cost, but
           | fiscal health is only one factor whereas health care,
           | infrastructure, education are three factors so the rankings
           | are biased towards benefits rather than cost-effictive
           | benefits, but it's still a decent starting point.
        
             | novok wrote:
             | I would like to add that wash is a better run state. They
             | build more housing, the roads are in a better state despite
             | worse weather, liberal politics, no state income tax and
             | property tax is lower when you buy a house new, while in CA
             | the rate can get to %1.5 effective, while it's around %1 in
             | king county, doing this all while you have no state income
             | tax.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | The individual metric that California fails badly on,
             | coming 50th is this one:
             | 
             | https://www.usnews.com/news/best-
             | states/rankings/opportunity
             | 
             | But I have no idea what it's measuring based on that blurb.
             | 
             | Oh, if you click it breaks it down to "affordability",
             | "equality" and "economic opportunity" of which it does
             | poorly on the first two.
             | 
             | So basically, California's main weakness is that too many
             | rich people live there.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > So basically, California's main weakness is that too
               | many rich people live there.
               | 
               | California is a state where median house price is $760K,
               | whereas median household income is $75K.
               | 
               | If you look at that number and say "Well, clearly that's
               | because too many rich people live there", then I'm not
               | sure what benefit is obtained from looking at any data at
               | all.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | That's almost exactly what I think. Sucks for the low
               | wage earners who can't relocate but its a fairly
               | predictable outcome of lots of well paid immigrants
               | (inter and intra-national) arriving. At the urban scale
               | this is called gentrification.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Police offers in many departments can retire after 20 years
         | with a life-time annual pension >100% of their current salary.
         | 
         | If you look at how much you'd need to make to be able to save
         | to have a pension this large - the average police officer in
         | most major departments is getting paid close to an equivalent
         | of $400k per year.
         | 
         | Public pensions are out-of-control generous.
         | 
         | I imagine the majority of police officers would gladly take 2x
         | the pay and no pension and end up working until they're 65 like
         | everyone else. So is it even really benefiting police
         | officers?? It's just a massive drain on the public purse.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | the across-the-board, badge-wearing pay raise was specifically
         | enacted by US Pres. Bush the Younger. I was irritated to find
         | out that a state policeman here with a 2-year community college
         | degree, started pay at more money than I had made after years
         | of high-skill small companies. It was from Texas, and the rumor
         | at the time was that the Bush family admired the military
         | security in Saudi Arabia and sought to be more like that.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Do you put your life on the line at your job?
        
             | dane-pgp wrote:
             | For the record, being a police officer is the 25th most
             | dangerous job in the US, after:
             | 
             | Logging workers, Aircraft pilots and flight engineers,
             | Roofers, Construction helpers, Crossing guards, Garbage
             | collectors, Farming supervisors, Delivery drivers,
             | Ironworkers, Farmers, Cement masons, Agricultural workers,
             | Construction supervisors, Highway maintenance workers,
             | Grounds maintenance workers, Mining machine operators,
             | Supervisors of mechanics, Power lineworkers, Construction
             | workers, Construction equipment operators, Maintenance
             | workers, Heavy vehicle mechanics, Crane operators,
             | Landscaping supervisors
             | 
             | https://advisorsmith.com/data/most-dangerous-jobs/
        
         | arbuge wrote:
         | I read this thinking that the 600k figure you mention couldn't
         | possibly be right, but apparently it is:
         | 
         | https://blog.transparentcalifornia.com/2020/11/16/oakland-co...
        
           | tryptophan wrote:
           | They spend 5000$ per resident per year that they don't have?!
           | Mismanagement is putting it lightly...
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | ...as long as you notice the "up to" part of that. Still,
           | higher than I expected, even at the more common 200-300k.
        
         | devwastaken wrote:
         | Do you have a reference to those numbers?
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | https://transparentcalifornia.com/salaries/search/?q=police
        
         | wjb182 wrote:
         | While I agree that the funding model for a lot of services in
         | California is broken, I think you're basing your opinion on a
         | number of false premises. For example, speaking directly to
         | your claims about educator pay:
         | 
         | 1. You can absolutely be fired for cause as a tenured teacher
         | in California, and it happens all the time. It's certainly more
         | difficult than most other professions, but there is no law or
         | policy preventing teachers from being fired.
         | 
         | 2. Teacher pay is not entirely based on seniority. Graduate
         | education, certifications such as the National Board of
         | Teachers (which is merit based and does require observation) or
         | a bilingual certification, coaching a team/leading a club, all
         | can contribute significantly to a teacher's salary.
         | 
         | 3.After a 10 years of service, a teacher with a masters degree
         | in my area makes $63K/year. Adjusting to a 12 month schedule,
         | they'd be paid $75K year. With only a BA that drops to $54K.
         | Hard to argue they are overpaid at that rate IMO.
         | 
         | It's extremely easy to see the excessively high rates that some
         | regents or college administrators make, and attempt to use that
         | anecdata to draw a full conclusion, but in my experience the
         | rank and file make on average 25-30% less than they could in
         | private industry.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | Not sure where in CA you're based, but in Menlo Park there
           | are custodians with total comp in the low six figures
           | (including benefits but on a 9-month calendar). The teachers
           | make more, and counselors/administrators are in the $200k
           | range.
           | 
           | As for teacher firing, it is very rare in CA. [1]
           | 
           | > _California has more than 1,000 school districts and
           | 300,000 teachers, yet only 667 dismissal cases were filed
           | between 2003 and 2012. Only 130 of those actually got to the
           | hearing stage, and 82 resulted in dismissals -- fewer than 10
           | a year._
           | 
           | 1: https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/01/25/firing-a-tenured-
           | teac...
        
             | malchow wrote:
             | Great point. You can see CA public employee salaries here.
             | [1] The numbers are shocking, not only because they are all
             | overpaid (the effect of public employee unions owning
             | California's Democrat government, a downward-spiral effect
             | predicted by people as varied as right-wing economists and
             | Franklin D. Roosevelt [2]), but because in many cases these
             | people get $500K - $700K _per year for life_ in retirement.
             | A private sector person would need a $10-$20 million post-
             | tax trust fund in order to have that.
             | 
             | [1] https://transparentcalifornia.com
             | 
             | [2] https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/02/18/the-
             | first-b...
        
             | wjb182 wrote:
             | The laws governing teacher firing were changed in 2014 [1],
             | and credential revocation has become compulsory in a large
             | number of cases. The Commission on Teacher Credentialing
             | opened 361 discipline cases last month alone [2].
             | 
             | I'm in metro Sac and got my numbers from this local
             | district [3]. Looking at the numbers for Menlo Park City
             | [4], the max pay rate is still only $130K, and that would
             | require a PhD and over 20 years of service. A teacher with
             | a BA never reaches $100K.
             | 
             | 1: https://www.davisvanguard.org/2014/06/governor-signs-
             | bill-st... 2: https://www.ctc.ca.gov/docs/default-
             | source/educator-discipli... 3: https://www.sanjuan.edu/cms/
             | lib/CA01902727/Centricity/domain... 4: https://district.mpc
             | sd.org/cms/lib/CA01902565/Centricity/Dom...
        
           | mjfl wrote:
           | > 1. You can absolutely be fired for cause as a tenured
           | teacher in California, and it happens all the time. It's
           | certainly more difficult than most other professions, but
           | there is no law or policy preventing teachers from being
           | fired.
           | 
           | My best friend from college was a guidance counselor at
           | Hollywood high school. Besides from the foundations of the
           | building crumbling, he told me that it was normal for
           | teachers to get in physical fights with the students and in
           | the aftermath you couldn't expel the student or fire the
           | teacher. They were both locked into the system.
        
           | KorematsuFredt wrote:
           | > You can absolutely be fired for cause as a tenured teacher
           | in California, and it happens all the time. It's certainly
           | more difficult than most other professions, but there is no
           | law or policy preventing teachers from being fired.
           | 
           | Possible ? Yes. Does it happen often ? No.
           | 
           | You can read this LA times article for detailed statistics.
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-03-me-
           | teach...
           | 
           | > 3.After a 10 years of service, a teacher with a masters
           | degree in my area makes $63K/year. Adjusting to a 12 month
           | schedule, they'd be paid $75K year. With only a BA that drops
           | to $54K. Hard to argue they are overpaid at that rate IMO.
           | 
           | I agree here. Teachers in public school are not overpaid. It
           | is mostly the rest of the public schooling system that is
           | bloated and overpaid but not teachers. Teachers in public
           | schools end up spending more than 8 hours per day on school
           | related activities and have to struggle even to get a day off
           | as they need to find a substitute.
           | 
           | The rest of the non teaching staff however is mostly bloated
           | and is a jobs program for adults. Some of them directly hurt
           | the learning and teaching process and yet have massive power
           | over teachers.
           | 
           | > the rank and file make on average 25-30% less than they
           | could in private industry.
           | 
           | True. But most of them will be unemployable in private sector
           | due to sheer incompetence and actual accountability.
        
           | golemiprague wrote:
           | Why a teacher's pay have to depend on their degree? aren't
           | they supposed to be paid based on their achievements? Most
           | teachers don't need a masters degree to teach the basic stuff
           | that they teach, they need to know how to make kids do their
           | assignments and succeed in tests.
        
         | WhisperingShiba wrote:
         | We need an economic collapse so baaaadly. I love California but
         | this shit is out of hand.
        
           | souplesse wrote:
           | What do you imagine that would look like? Not trying to be
           | flippant, genuinely curious.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | USA has financed itself by taking investments/loans from
             | other countries for decades now, at some point the net
             | inflow of money will have to stop and the country will have
             | to sustain itself rather than live off funding. Imagine
             | what happens to the economy when you can no longer import
             | twice as much goods as you export.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | Money doesn't drive the economy, it lubricates it.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | I'm not just talking about money, I am talking about net
               | imports of goods and services. You can't print more goods
               | and services with the dollars presses.
        
               | cronix wrote:
               | Exactly what happened in NYC in the 1970's. The city
               | gov't was so far in debt with social program spending
               | that the bankers, the ones who purchased the bonds that
               | facilitated the debt that allowed the city to spend more
               | than it took in, literally didn't show up to the next
               | bond sale. NYC plunged into darkness for a long time.
               | Complete misery. The rich left, taking their tax dollars
               | with them. Crime rose to all time high levels. Buildings
               | sat in decay. Debt is ok, unless there is no way to pay
               | it back.
               | 
               | > In the early 1970s, the City's borrowing increased
               | rapidly and bankers began to question the accuracy of its
               | financial records and its ability to repay its debt.
               | These concerns were exacerbated in 1974, when the State
               | Urban Development Corporation defaulted on some of its
               | debt. In 1975, the banks lost confidence in the City's
               | numbers and financial managers, and there were no bids
               | for New York City notes and bonds. In short order, New
               | York City lost all access to the long-term and short-term
               | debt markets. During FY 1975, New York City had borrowed
               | more that $8 billion in short term debt and had $4.5
               | million of notes outstanding at the end of the fiscal
               | year. Moreover, New York City was funding $600 million
               | (about 5% of its operating budget) through issuance of
               | long-term bonds. When the markets closed to the City, it
               | was unable to fund its cash flow needs; it was forced to
               | halt its capital program; it could not finance the
               | portion of its operating budget that had been funded by
               | long-term debt; and it could no longer roll its
               | accumulated deficit from year to year
               | 
               | https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/faculty/publications/Forsyth
               | e_D...
               | 
               | Similarly, the world was doing something similar to the
               | US in the 1970's, then Nixon decided to take us off the
               | gold standard and go to a fiat currency, which we still
               | use today. They were questioning America's ability to
               | repay it's bond obligations and whether America had
               | enough physical gold in its vaults to cover it's paper
               | currency inflation. Instead of being repaid in dollars,
               | they started demanding being repaid in gold, which put a
               | run on the gold supply, so Nixon took us off. The whole
               | system is fake, and ripe for collapse. All major nations
               | are financing the US Gov't. One day, they just might
               | decide America is too far in debt to repay them, and
               | stop. I think that's a matter if when, not if. I mean,
               | have you looked at the interest rate on long term bonds?
        
               | snovv_crash wrote:
               | Even more telling, look at the futures on long term
               | bonds.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Yeah sure but this is old news.
               | 
               | >Keynes was able to make his proposal the official
               | British proposal at the Bretton Woods Conference but it
               | was not accepted.[4] Rather than a supranational
               | currency, the conference adopted a system of pegged
               | exchange rates ultimately tied to physical gold in a
               | system managed by the World Bank and IMF. In practice,
               | the system implicitly established the United States
               | dollar as a reserve currency convertible to gold at a
               | fixed price on demand by other governments. The dollar
               | was implicitly established as the reserve by the large
               | trade surplus and gold reserves held by the US at the
               | time of the conference.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancor
        
               | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
               | The 30 year treasury rate is 2%, which is extremely low
               | compared to historic rates. A lower rate indicates higher
               | demand for the bonds. In other words, we seem to be at
               | very low risk of being unable to find someone to buy the
               | bonds.
               | 
               | In fact, it's impossible, since the treasury can always
               | buy them. Unlike New York City, the US government issues
               | the currency as well as bonds denominated in that
               | currency.
        
               | tryptophan wrote:
               | Interest rates dont mean anything anymore(ie you cant
               | draw any conclusions about the risk the market is pricing
               | in). The entire credit market is manipulated by the FED.
               | 
               | The fed owns like 20% of all federal debt, bought with
               | printed money. Recently they have also been printing so
               | much that they eat up >50% of bond auctions.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Thank you. Now I am fully convinced that "printed money"
               | and "money printing" is a meaningless term that means
               | absolutely nothing.
               | 
               | Before that I assumed that there was some logic behind
               | the term but it is clear that there isn't.
        
               | Gustomaximus wrote:
               | There is some logic. It's heading towards MMT
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory
               | 
               | Many people misunderstand what MMT actually is, cherry
               | pick parts and call that MMT. It's interesting concept, I
               | dont think it will work but many do.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | > In fact, it's impossible, since the treasury can always
               | buy them.
               | 
               | Minor correction: The US Treasury issues bonds, the
               | Federal Reserve Bank is the buyer.
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | >>since the treasury can always buy them.
               | 
               | Inflation will have a say in that... Zimbabwe here we
               | come.
               | 
               | I cant wait until I need a virtual truck load of dollars
               | to buy a loaf of bread because the "treasury can issues
               | the currency"
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >Imagine what happens to the economy when you can no
               | longer import twice as much goods as you export.
               | 
               | Jobs would come back. Wealth inequality would stop
               | growing. Right wing extremism would die a quick death.
               | All of this wouldn't be a big issue if your government
               | used the cheap money to build long lasting infrastructure
               | that will be of use long after the cheap money is gone.
               | Oh, right. Trump did massive income tax cuts and burned a
               | hole into the budget and now it's Biden with his
               | infrastructure bill who is irresponsible.
        
               | sonthonax wrote:
               | No it hasn't. Most US public debt is held domestically
               | (while I'm not sure on the specifics, I think it's about
               | 80%).
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > No it hasn't. Most US public debt is held domestically
               | (while I'm not sure on the specifics, I think it's about
               | 80%).
               | 
               | You aren't contradicting anything I said here. Most debt
               | is domestic, but what matters is the external debt and it
               | will dry up, and when it does USA will no longer be able
               | to import way more than it exports. And imports/exports
               | affects everything else in the economy, so altering
               | massively as is bound to happen would have huge
               | consequences.
        
       | angry_octet wrote:
       | All because the market mechanisms don't pay sufficiently for
       | consistency of supply, allowing cheap solar to take all the load
       | when the sun is shining.
       | 
       | You can run nuclear some of the time but it doesn't make sense to
       | pay for it by the minute. Turning it off will make more money for
       | the generators because prices will skyrocket. Regulatory failure
       | all round.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | Does the Wall Street Journal believe in climate change yet?
       | 
       | Not sure I want to hear their opinions on energy matters.
       | 
       | > The editorial board of The Wall Street Journal rejects the
       | scientific consensus on climate change. The Journal disputes that
       | it poses a major threat to human existence and can be prevented
       | through public policy and has published articles disputing that
       | global warming is occurring at all. The Journal is regarded as a
       | forum for climate change deniers,[94][95] publishing articles by
       | individuals that reject the consensus position on climate change
       | in its op-ed section.[96][97][98] These columns frequently attack
       | climate scientists and accuse them of engaging in fraud. A 2015
       | study found The Wall Street Journal was the newspaper that was
       | least likely to present negative effects of global warming among
       | several newspapers. It was also the most likely to present
       | negative economic framing when discussing climate change
       | mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of
       | such policies generally outweighs their benefit.[99] The
       | Washington Post has characterized The Wall Street Journal's
       | editorial pages as "the beating heart of climate-change
       | skepticism".[100]
       | 
       | > Climate Feedback, a fact-checking website on media coverage of
       | climate science, has assessed that multiple opinion articles
       | range between "low" and "very low" in terms of scientific
       | credibility.[101][102] The Journal has been accused of refusing
       | to publish opinions of scientists which present the mainstream
       | view on climate change.[103] According to a 2016 analysis, 14% of
       | the guest editorials presented the results of "mainstream climate
       | science", while the majority did not. Also, none of 201
       | editorials published in the Wall Street Journal since 1997 have
       | conceded that the burning of fossil fuels is causing climate
       | change.[104]
        
         | annexrichmond wrote:
         | 1. This article is not from the Editorial Board
         | 
         | 2. Your Wikipedia copy paste is compiled from sources on some
         | else's views on the Editorial Board. The first sentence " The
         | editorial board of The Wall Street Journal rejects the
         | scientific consensus on climate change" (with no citation)
         | makes it sound like it's some statement made from them.
        
           | mmcwilliams wrote:
           | Are you suggesting that articles published in the Wall Street
           | Journal don't go through the editorial process?
        
       | Arete314159 wrote:
       | I'm so torn on this. In a perfect world, where human greed
       | doesn't allow corner cutting, upscaling nuclear would be a
       | potentially great choice.
       | 
       | However, in the world we actually live in, even so-called
       | "efficient" and "group focused" societies like Japan build
       | nuclear reactors in a tsunami flood zone to save money.
       | 
       | I feel like in order to make nuclear viable for future plants,
       | we'd have to create and implement some sort of one-of-a-kind
       | anti-greed, anti-corruption, anti-corner-cutting culture that
       | would run smack against the usual government lobbying culture we
       | have in the US at least. And we'd have to get buy-in from ALL
       | parties. AND we'd have to build based on the probability of
       | extreme weather events becoming a common reality.
       | 
       | It's not impossible, but it would require a major societal
       | change.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | KoftaBob wrote:
       | Why "scrambles"? Seems like something that should've been planned
       | in advance, to coincide with the closing of those plants, no?
       | 
       | Is the issue that they gave too short notice, or waited till the
       | last minute to figure out replacement?
        
         | nend wrote:
         | It's the wsj, they have a right wing partisan lean, which means
         | any discussion of renewable energy or California has to lean
         | negative.
         | 
         | Edit: Surprising amount of downvotes here, didn't realize this
         | was so controversial, the Wikipedia page talks extensively
         | about the wsj's stances (with citations):
         | 
         | "The editorial board of The Wall Street Journal rejects the
         | scientific consensus on climate change. The Journal disputes
         | that it poses a major threat to human existence and can be
         | prevented through public policy and has published articles
         | disputing that global warming is occurring at all. The Journal
         | is regarded as a forum for climate change deniers"
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | You can read about the facts without caring who is writing
           | it, what side is WSJ is less relevant than the facts, if you
           | can believe the facts and eventually confirm it in other
           | places. If you don't like the message, discuss about the
           | message, don't attack the messenger.
        
             | nend wrote:
             | I would argue the bias of the editorial board is fair game
             | when it comes to discussing the word choices and phrasing
             | made in the article.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | keneda7 wrote:
           | IMO Wikipedia is a bias source for anything politics related.
           | Heck the Wikipedia page for its confounder even mentions
           | this. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger#:~:text=In%2
           | 0a%20....
           | 
           | I have found this site to be much more reliable when looking
           | for media bias.
           | 
           | https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/new-york-times/
        
             | nend wrote:
             | That website also says the WSJ has a right lean:
             | 
             | "Overall, we rate the Wall Street Journal Right-Center
             | biased due to low biased news reporting combined with a
             | strong right biased editorial stance."
             | 
             | https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/wall-street-journal/
        
               | keneda7 wrote:
               | Ya that is my mistake sorry it was early and somehow I
               | misread WSJ as NYT.
        
             | hairofadog wrote:
             | I'm confused (sincerely, not concern trolling) about the
             | point you're making by linking to media bias fact check for
             | NYT (which wasn't being discussed) but not WSJ or
             | Wikipedia.
             | 
             | According to the site you find reliable,
             | 
             | NYT: biased center left, factual reporting "high"
             | 
             | WSJ: biased on the right edge of center right, factual
             | reporting "mostly factual"
             | 
             | Wikipedia: "least biased", factual reporting "mixed"
        
               | keneda7 wrote:
               | Nope you are correct. It was early and I misread it as
               | NYT. That is my mistake
        
           | NDizzle wrote:
           | Reality = right wing in 2021.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | of course. the party that denies climate change and
             | evolution is the party of reality.
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | Why continue to use weasel words (i.e., an equivocal word
               | used to deprive a statement of its force or to evade a
               | direct commitment) like 'climate change'? What does that
               | mean? Aside from the truism that the climate is always
               | changing (who can possibly disagree?) what specifically
               | is denied and which values are accepted? Estimations of
               | the warming due to carbon dioxide comprise a wide range
               | of values not changed much in 20 years. Met Office UK
               | states that the warming parameter (ECS) has a 'likely'
               | range of 1.5 - 4.5degC and is extremely unlikely to be
               | below 1degC and very unlikely greater than 6degC. The
               | wide range accounts for all evidence.
               | 
               |  _Stating this is not denying anything_. It 's accepting
               | the complexity of the issue rather than indulging in
               | emotive cliches.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | The republicans passed a resolution asserting that the
               | climate does indeed change.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I don't think most Republicans or the WSJ deny climate
               | change these days, just differ on urgency and impact.
               | 
               | This poll shows 67% of Republicans think warming is
               | happening and 56% think warming will continue in the
               | future if nothing is done to address it.
               | 
               | https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/climateinsights2
               | 020...
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Last time I've heard any Republicans party official deny
               | evolution was during Bush administration.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hairofadog wrote:
               | Mike Pence denies it.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Recently?
        
               | hairofadog wrote:
               | No, I guess you're right; all the recent news about Pence
               | is about his role in trying to overthrow the election.
               | 2009 is the last time I see him on record denying the
               | theory of evolution, but I also don't see any indication
               | that he has changed his position, and he was in a pretty
               | high position of power within the Republican Party as
               | recently as 2020.
        
         | Proven wrote:
         | in California only destruction of the State seems to have been
         | going according to plan
        
         | endisneigh wrote:
         | pro tip: don't care too much about titles. The author of
         | articles rarely are the one who also titles the piece.
        
         | TigeriusKirk wrote:
         | To actually answer your question instead of trying to spin it
         | away -
         | 
         | "What changed dramatically...is we have had significantly
         | bigger and more West-wide heat waves than ever before," Mr.
         | Randolph said. "Those aren't built into our planning
         | standards."
        
           | bryan0 wrote:
           | Yeah this quote caught my eye too, but how is this possible?
           | They're not planning for a hotter and dryer climate in CA? I
           | find that hard to believe.
        
             | cedilla wrote:
             | Both intensity and frequency of extreme weather events
             | increased much faster than anticipated.
             | 
             | This may be a result of climate scientists presenting
             | conservative estimates due to the fear of being labelled
             | alarmist.
        
               | bryan0 wrote:
               | This explanation doesn't make much to me. CA is
               | aggressively moving to renewables (well if you ignore
               | shutting down nuclear) and we're doing this because the
               | state is alarmed about climate change.
        
               | cedilla wrote:
               | Well, extreme weather events have become much more common
               | sooner than expected. As to why this happened, I only
               | speculated.
               | 
               | I don't think that the state is alarmed about climate
               | change as it aims to have a carbon neutral grid by 2045,
               | which is already quite late even following the
               | conservatives estimations.
        
         | rsj_hn wrote:
         | No, this is the money quote:
         | 
         |  _other states have moved to close coal-fired power plants in
         | recent years, reducing the amount of electricity California can
         | import when high temperatures boost electricity demand._
         | 
         | In other words, the problem with wind/solar is that they are
         | not controllable, and so California was planning on using the
         | rest of the grid as a buffer -- all of Western US is on one
         | grid. Thus California can still import from coal fired plants
         | in Utah when it needs power, say on a hot day when AC use is
         | high or a day when the wind isn't blowing too strongly.
         | 
         | Except now it's realizing that as other states adopt the same
         | strategy, that the grid can't be relied on so much and the
         | state has to do that itself or face blackouts in hot days or
         | windless days. So with this new awareness that the rest of the
         | grid will not be able to bail them out, they have updated their
         | estimate of needed battery capacity in time for the planned
         | shutdowns. Alternately, they are scrambling for some sources of
         | energy that could be tapped on demand in place of battery
         | capacity.
        
           | zz865 wrote:
           | Its the same for people with home solar panels. They dont pay
           | for most of their electricity so they aren't contributing
           | much for the grid or generators, but then they expect to be
           | able to use power on a cold dark night and the infrastructure
           | to just be there for them.
        
           | rrss wrote:
           | > so California was planning on using the rest of the grid as
           | a buffer
           | 
           | Was this actually a plan, or just what ended up happening?
           | 
           | My understanding is that CAISO has continued their resource
           | adequacy program to ensure that there is guaranteed supply to
           | meet the expected demand (plus margin), but the problem is
           | that this program was developed before renewables and
           | therefore the central metric is peak demand (which happens
           | around 5pm), which is insufficient for planning when there is
           | a lot of solar & wind generation, because then the most
           | critical period is after peak demand (around 7pm).
           | 
           | In other words, I thought that CAISO failed to plan properly,
           | not that they planned to lean heavily on imports.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | > Was this actually a plan, or just what ended up
             | happening?
             | 
             | It's a good question, and depends on your perspective.
             | 
             | I said "planned to" because that is what the state has
             | historically been doing -- relying on the rest of the west
             | coast grid for 25-30% of its electricity, especially for
             | swing capacity.
             | 
             | https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46156
             | 
             | "The California Independent System Operator is soliciting
             | power producers across the West to sell more megawatts to
             | the state in July and August in anticipation of regionwide
             | heat waves that will substantially boost electricity
             | demand." -- back in 2021.
             | (https://www.wsj.com/articles/california-scrambles-to-find-
             | el...)
             | 
             | So the grid has always been what's bailed California out
             | from it's poor energy policies and what has saved
             | California during the summer.
             | 
             | Now one can call this lack of planning, but if something's
             | been going on for a few decades, then at some point it has
             | to become part of the plan, although maybe not an official
             | plan written down anywhere. But when someone discovers that
             | the unofficial plan is not going to not work anymore, then
             | you need to scramble.
             | 
             | FYI, the whole Enron electricity scandal was all about
             | selling energy to California, because California is
             | constantly in need of energy. Why they didn't wake up after
             | that scandal and start building out more energy sources
             | remains a mystery. Instead, they went in the other
             | direction to reduce domestic capacity.
             | 
             | But that's not all, because a lot of the private utilities
             | are being given mandates to get more green energy sources
             | and storage that they are going to have a hard time
             | meeting. You can't simply order someone to get battery
             | power that lasts through the night when batteries last 4
             | hours. This is discussed in the article:
             | 
             | ""We are literally on the cutting edge" of rapidly adding
             | renewables, Mr. Wan [PG&E] said. "And along with that,
             | there are some things we are learning by trial and error,
             | and we are taking some risks in the process.""
             | 
             | In other words, you have the legislature giving mandates
             | that the CPUC can't meet, and then the CPUC gives mandates
             | to the producers that they can't meet, but everyone is
             | shaking each other's hand at what a green future they are
             | building.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the lights in California are kept on by coal and
             | gas fired plants in the rest of the country. That system
             | obviously doesn't work if the rest of the country tries to
             | adopt California's model.
        
               | rrss wrote:
               | Thanks for your reply.
               | 
               | There are several different classes of electricity
               | imports, and I think it is important to consider them
               | separately - there are imports under long term contracts,
               | opportunistic imports due to lower prices in the short
               | term market, and short term contingency imports (when
               | CAISO is freaking out due to unexpectedly high demand or
               | low supply, or both). I guess I had incorrectly assumed
               | we were discussing contingency imports.
               | 
               | California does import a ton of electricity from outside
               | the state. I don't think it is accurate to characterize
               | most of this as a bailout - the majority of this imported
               | supply is either secured under contract well in advance,
               | or used instead of available in-state supply when it is
               | cheaper. Neither of these cases are saving California
               | from it's poor energy policies, these are part of
               | California's energy policies. IMO, your description only
               | applies to the third class I mentioned above (emergency
               | imports).
               | 
               | These imports include a lot of different sources - a lot
               | of coal and gas, but also a lot of wind, solar, and
               | hydroelectric (especially from the Pacific Northwest).
               | 
               | I agree that California's shift to renewables has been
               | poorly planned and done too fast, but I don't think this
               | is simply because California imports a lot of electricity
               | in general. The issue is really handling the period after
               | peak demand when demand is dropping but supply is
               | dropping faster (solar & wind) - right now this is not
               | handled well and there was apparently no plan to handle
               | it well, and it leads to leaning a lot on unplanned
               | imports, as you highlighted.
               | 
               | > FYI, the whole Enron electricity scandal was all about
               | selling energy to California, because California is
               | constantly in need of energy. Why they didn't wake up
               | after that scandal and start building out more energy
               | sources remains a mystery. Instead, they went in the
               | other direction to reduce domestic capacity.
               | 
               | FWIW, the current resource adequacy program used in
               | California was developed in response to this mess in
               | 2001.
        
           | cedilla wrote:
           | It may be the money quote but you removed the context in an
           | almost misleading way:
           | 
           | > The drought has constrained the output of some of the
           | region's most significant generating facilities, including
           | the Hoover Dam. ... "What changed dramatically...is we have
           | had significantly bigger and more West-wide heat waves than
           | ever before,"
           | 
           | Maybe a failure of planning, but the plan was not to get
           | "bailed out" by the grid as you guess.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | Given that California is in drought all the time, I don't
             | see how this changes long term planning.
             | 
             | FYI, there is a fun wikipedia page that lists California
             | droughts:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughts_in_California
             | 
             | The first sentence is:
             | 
             | "Throughout history, California has experienced many
             | droughts, such as 1841, 1864, 1924, 1928-1935, 1947-1950,
             | 1959-1960, 1976-1977, 1986-1992, 1999-2004, 2006-2010,
             | 2011-2017, 2018 and 2020-[1][2] 2021. "
             | 
             | So the idea that OMG, we didn't realize there might be a
             | drought - doesn't sound very plausible to me.
        
               | rrss wrote:
               | drought in California does not impact the Hoover Dam.
               | 
               | The drought in question is a drought in the entire
               | western US (and therefore the Colorado river basin).
        
               | cedilla wrote:
               | Uhm, okay, you have convinced me that droughts aren't a
               | new phenomenon.
               | 
               | The claim however was that they become more frequent and
               | severe. Not every drought is the same. From your link:
               | 
               | > the 2012-15 period was the driest in at least 1200
               | years
               | 
               | Also, according to your link, about there was a drought
               | in 12 of the last 20 years, with only one or two years in
               | between droughts, where they previously usually were
               | spaced by around a decade or more.
               | 
               | The data listed there really doesn't seem to contradict
               | the article's claim about more frequent droughts in the
               | future.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | So is your claim that the 2012-2015 drought was unknown
               | to California when it passed the 2018 law -- maybe the
               | legislature is filled with slow readers?
               | 
               | Again, I don't see how the possibility of severe droughts
               | was some unforseen thing when the law was passed. In fact
               | the law was passed in an environment of terrible fear
               | about climate change, so you can't really argue that no
               | one predicted this when writing the law, can you? Don't
               | you think, if you believe the climate is changing, that
               | your energy plan should include production of energy not
               | dependent on the climate?
               | 
               | > The data listed there really doesn't seem to contradict
               | the article's claim about more frequent droughts in the
               | future.
               | 
               | FYI, California droughts have in the past lasted _more
               | than 200 years_. The idea that you can count years in the
               | last century and extrapolate drought risk doesn 't work.
               | The state goes through long secular wet and dry periods,
               | and this is something _we have known for some time_.
               | 
               | Therefore any energy plan that breaks down if there is a
               | prolonged drought is not an energy plan suitable for the
               | state of California in any period of time. In fact any
               | policy at all that breaks down during a prolonged -- say
               | 100 year -- drought is not one suitable for the state of
               | California. We have the tree ring data, and we know that
               | this used to be called "the Great American Desert". That
               | is why we fought water wars and built enormous public
               | works, it's why San Francisco considered breaking off
               | icebergs and floating them down to the bay in order to
               | get water. California as a state has a highly variable
               | water supply susceptible to century-long droughts.
               | 
               | Check out this article:
               | 
               | https://www.mercurynews.com/2014/01/25/california-
               | drought-pa...
        
             | AwaAwa wrote:
             | Unless the plan was to have rolling brownouts/blackouts I
             | have no doubt that being bailed out by the grid was
             | absolutely part of the contingency plan.
             | 
             | Maybe they didn't expect to need the contingency so soon,
             | but that is on their risk analysis of the weather.
        
               | cedilla wrote:
               | A deliberate underproduction to get "bailed out" is a
               | strong accusation, I think it warrants a better proof
               | than analysis of one line of an article. Especially when
               | the article points out other reasons why production
               | doesn't meet demand.
               | 
               | Unless you talk about actual contingency plans for
               | emergencies in which case I don't quite understand what's
               | so scandalous about falling back on the grid in
               | emergencies. France also falls back on Germany's power
               | generation when they have to shut down some of their
               | nuclear reactors during heat waves.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > A deliberate underproduction to get "bailed out" is a
               | strong accusation
               | 
               | In 2019, 25% of its electricity was imported[1]. This is
               | before California takes even more power offline and
               | replaces it with variable power.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46156
        
               | rrss wrote:
               | I think that WECC would probably have gone ballistic if
               | this was actually California's plan.
               | 
               | Also, yes, being able to import from other places as a
               | contingency is not a bad thing, it's one of the major
               | benefits of having the Western Interconnect at all.
        
           | AwaAwa wrote:
           | Just so that I'm sure I've understood this right. California
           | decided to save the environment by shutting down "unclean"
           | power within the state, with the idea that other states will
           | provide them with their "dirty" generated power?
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | Yes
        
               | achenet wrote:
               | Not actually solving the problem, just shifting it
               | elsewhere. Nice.
        
               | maccolgan wrote:
               | Yes, we're talking about California.
        
             | TrispusAttucks wrote:
             | Yes!
             | 
             | Scream it from the roof tops. Most think California is
             | green. What they did was outsource energy production to
             | other states. This allowed them to move "dirty energy" from
             | their balance sheet. But moving your coal plant to another
             | state does not reduce GHG production. It only moves it
             | across state lines.
             | 
             | EDIT: [1] Here some context with a link about the different
             | types of GHG measurement methods.
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28714396
             | 
             | EDIT: the gist being that if we moved to "B. (Absolute) GHG
             | footprint accounting" we wouldn't be creating policy based
             | on false accounting and those "loopholes" would be
             | obviously misguided.
        
             | jfoutz wrote:
             | Excess power from any source. California has imported power
             | from hover dam forever, for example.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | A large amount of California environmentalism is air
             | quality, as measured in California; moving to cleaner
             | sources within the state and dirtier sources outside the
             | state helps tremendously with air quality as measured in
             | the state. Of course, it doesn't help air quality near
             | those other sources, and global measures aren't helped by
             | simply moving coal plants elsewhere.
             | 
             | It's also not great for grid reliability to increase the
             | watt miles used (is there a real term for that?).
        
         | cedilla wrote:
         | The article doesn't really seem to reflect the headline.
         | 
         | It's seems hasty to order companies to build up plants in just
         | three years, but it's not made clear if that order is made too
         | late by the state or if it's a reaction to the companies
         | neglecting their responsibilities.
         | 
         | A bit further down there's also mentions of less foreseeable
         | complications like wildfire damages and less power output of
         | hydroelectric plants due to draughts.
         | 
         | Even further down the changes brought on by more frequent heat
         | waves are blamed. And that makes sense, those both increase
         | demand and negatively impact all forms of power generation,
         | including nuclear and solar.
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | The idea behind this push to renewable is to force energy
         | providers to find solutions. You don't know how to swim? Let's
         | throw you in the water, you will figure out a way.
        
       | option wrote:
       | We need more nuclear, not less. Nuclear is the safest power
       | source (measured in deaths/gwh), is reliable, high capacity and
       | its waste is managed much easier than waste from solar panels and
       | batteries.
       | 
       | Being anti-nuclear at time of climate crisis is moral and
       | intellectual equivalent of being anti-vax during pandemic.
        
       | systemvoltage wrote:
       | /rant: As a relatively newer resident of California, I find
       | extraordinary levels of incompetence in pretty much every aspect
       | of public-government interactions compared to other states in the
       | US. This place has the most dysfunctional municipal (I am in
       | Alameda county) and state departments. Just yesterday I wanted to
       | file for self-proprietorship DBA record in the state commerce
       | registry, was sent to 3 different offices in Oakland, incomplete
       | list of form requirements and completely fucked up online forms
       | download page CalGold - https://www.calgold.ca.gov/ that lists a
       | billion forms but no central guidance as to what is needed.
       | 
       | This is the state that built the Golden Gate bridge in 3 years in
       | 1930's but took 8 years to build a little access road recently
       | and more than the cost of the bridge adjusting for inflation.
       | Worse - it is considered a positive thing to have dysfunctional
       | government here. Usually, the response from people in places like
       | Berkeley and SF is that "Why do you need to do all this so
       | quickly? Relax. Life is more than that. Consider gov jobs as a
       | form of UBI. We need to cut down on progress." and crime? "Oh
       | come on, it's not that bad. Car theft is fine, just make sure you
       | have good insurance and get the catalytic convertor shield so it
       | is not easy to use an angle grinder to remove it". Jeez.
       | 
       | Something drastic needs to happen. What a beautiful state
       | occupied by overpaid Government employees.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > This is the state that built the Golden Gate bridge in 3
         | yeras in 1930s ...
         | 
         | I believe it's a perceptual (understandable) mistake to think
         | it's the same state.
         | 
         | Only the state name has remained invariant.
         | 
         | The 90 years ago state was more engineering feats oriented,
         | perhaps wasn't paying attention to social justices in so doing;
         | the modern state is inverted perhaps. I'm not sure quite how to
         | think of it either.
         | 
         | (I lived there too for about 20 years, am from a far nicer part
         | of the USA)
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | Not to be flippant but this is the state that elected Arnold
         | Schwarzenegger governor. (The funny thing is he turned out to
         | be not half-bad at the job.)
        
         | tkojames wrote:
         | I wonder if there is correlation between what people think of
         | as incompetence and the population of the state. Would be
         | interesting to look at. I have no data to support this just a
         | guess but I would guess when population increases you get
         | things like this. I mean Texas is the second most populous
         | state and is literally politically the opposite of California.
         | There power grid was 5 mins away from literally crashing
         | completely. So it sure is not what"side" the government picks.
         | Both have struggled with power distribution.
        
           | systemvoltage wrote:
           | Well I think it is perfectly ok to criticize and point out
           | issues in Government whether it is Texas or California. I
           | really don't care about "sides". What I care about is that
           | ROI of tax revenue that the state forcefully takes from me.
           | We should expect return on what we pay. Good roads,
           | education, good infrastructure, forward looking plans and
           | instead of asking for more funding, Governments should look
           | inward to improve efficiency. There is a lot of low hanging
           | fruit. I am also OK with more taxes as far as Governments are
           | functional and serve the public. I really don't want to pay
           | for some Gov official that sits on his ass all day getting
           | paid $550k in compensation.
           | 
           | Danger is when we stop criticizing governments and keep
           | tooting the party lines.
           | 
           | I want drastically more accountability for California
           | government. Extreme levels of auditing and shaming,
           | completely take off Emperor's clothes.
        
             | tkojames wrote:
             | That is what I am trying to get at. I think atleast here in
             | the United States the bigger your state gets with
             | population the more your going to see issues like you
             | describe. Unfortunately I just do not see any government
             | looking inward to improve efficiencies at this rate. I
             | agree with everything you state and want the same.
             | 
             | Honestly I just think this how all governments operate.
             | 
             | In theory we can vote them out and replace them. Then the
             | new people will do the same things most likely.
             | 
             | You can shame them all you want but if they still hold
             | office, they will not care.
             | 
             | We should still keep trying though. Maybe we can find the
             | right leader's that look out for everybody and do all the
             | above. But I am pretty cynical about it.
             | 
             | I like to think Churchill quote about democracy is right.
             | We have been struggling with this issue forever. Plato's
             | republic and all that.
             | 
             | You are right being able to criticizing governments is
             | really important.
             | 
             | I guess we just keep trying. Wish I had better answer.
        
         | nouveaux wrote:
         | What state did you come from and how is it more competent?
         | Talking about what works would be helpful.
        
         | CalChris wrote:
         | https://rechart1.acgov.org/BusinessLicense/SearchEntry.aspx?...
        
         | andbberger wrote:
         | it's happened at the city level too. SF built out the
         | extraordinary auxiliary fire fighting system back in the day.
         | Now they're unwilling to extend it to the sunset so just bought
         | a bunch of pipes.
         | 
         | Could never quite put my finger on what happened, but I have to
         | imagine Reagan had a lot to do with it
        
       | keewee7 wrote:
       | We should permit a _few_ fossil energy plants to provide a high
       | baseload generation for the heavy industries.
       | 
       | Nuclear is too unpopular and renewables cannot provide the high
       | baseload generation needed for the heavy industries.
        
         | rc2634 wrote:
         | No, we should ignore the nuclear naysayers and keep existing
         | and build more nuclear plants.
        
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