[HN Gopher] Bonhoeffer's Theory of Stupidity
___________________________________________________________________
Bonhoeffer's Theory of Stupidity
Author : NalNezumi
Score : 97 points
Date : 2021-10-16 13:38 UTC (9 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (southsidemessenger.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (southsidemessenger.com)
| bitwize wrote:
| I've heard it observed that there are a class of people too thick
| to be stupid and I now have a point of anecdata in support: my
| girlfriend's beloved Uncle Geri, who had Down's Syndrome and was
| also the only of her maternal uncles not to be a blatant racist.
| It seems the folly of racism required mental faculties he just
| couldn't bring to bear. I think a lot of stupidity is like that,
| it requires a certain threshold of intelligence to look at a set
| of options or perspectives and choose the wrong one for a dumb
| reason.
| AlbertCory wrote:
| "The responsible life before God" -- I don't think any modern
| person is capable of understanding what that meant in the 1940s.
| We just don't think that way anymore.
|
| However, none of the comments so far have really grasped his
| point, which is that stupidity is a _group_ phenomenon. Maybe a
| modern equivalent would be "tribe." Of course you can't convince
| someone of the other tribe to come over and join _yours_ on any
| one particular issue; that would be betrayal of everything they
| think they stand for.
|
| So logic is pointless. That representative of the other tribe
| cannot think and form his or her own opinion because that would
| mean expulsion from their tribe.
| pugio wrote:
| > "The responsible life before God" -- I don't think any modern
| person is capable of understanding what that meant in the
| 1940s. We just don't think that way anymore.
|
| I would suggest that perhaps you are limiting your scope of
| possible "we" (21st century human) thought states. The passage
| seems to me perfectly clear. For reference, the full quote is:
|
| > "The word of the Bible that the fear of God is the beginning
| of wisdom declares that the internal liberation of human beings
| to live the responsible life before God is the only genuine way
| to overcome stupidity."
|
| He's discussing one way out of the trap of conforming to
| group/tribal beliefs. If you put your fear of God (in other
| words, some power higher than, and distinctly external to, any
| social group) you begin to liberate yourself from caring too
| much about what other people think.
|
| If you believe that God demands that you act as morally (for
| some definition/code) and as responsibly as possible, and you
| place that demand/requirement higher than any other motivating
| feeling, you will ask about any belief or course of action "Is
| this Right?" (ie. Does this align with God's command), and
| consider that question more deeply than the creeds or slogans
| of your fellow mortals.
|
| Note that he's not saying that the above state of mind is easy,
| it's merely something just strive for. Many devout religious
| people still try to the best of their ability to work towards
| that exact state.
| Mitzz wrote:
| Well said.
|
| Personally I imperfectly strive to think this way, and I
| imagine at least hundreds of millions of others do as well.
| UncleOxidant wrote:
| > He's discussing one way out of the trap of conforming to
| group/tribal beliefs. If you put your fear of God (in other
| words, some power higher than, and distinctly external to,
| any social group) you begin to liberate yourself from caring
| too much about what other people think.
|
| This is well said. I believe it was the theologian Stanley
| Hauerwas who said in the 70s that the decline of religion in
| America would inevitably lead to the rise of political
| tribalism - seems prescient.
|
| "There is no such thing as not worshipping. Everybody
| worships. The only choice we get is what to worship. And the
| compelling reason for maybe choosing some sort of god or
| spiritual-type thing to worship [...] is that pretty much
| anything else you worship will eat you alive. If you worship
| money and things, if they are where you tap real meaning in
| life, then you will never have enough, never feel you have
| enough. It's the truth. Worship your own body and beauty and
| sexual allure and you will always feel ugly, and when time
| and age start showing, you will die a million deaths before
| they finally plant you. On one level, we all know this stuff
| already - it's been codified as myths, proverbs, cliches,
| bromides, epigrams, parables: the skeleton of every great
| story. The trick is keeping the truth up front in daily
| consciousness." David Foster Wallace
| AlbertCory wrote:
| Well said.
|
| Of course, he was a minister, so he'd spent his life thinking
| about that.
| bmj wrote:
| And as a theologian whose work included a book on Christian
| ethics, and _The Cost of Discipleship_.
| analog31 wrote:
| I think aside from interpreting that prescription, he didn't
| live long enough to see what actually happened, which is that
| the power associated with the stupidity was overcome by sheer
| and overwhelming force.
| richardatlarge wrote:
| Yes I was taken by his idea that the idiot has an armour made
| of a potentially massive social network. It gives you
| perspective of what you're really dealing with and the
| difficulty of the job ahead
| CoastalCoder wrote:
| Do you have a source for what Bonhoeffer would have meant by
| that?
|
| I have my own guess to its meaning, but I hesitate to say it
| does/doesn't match his definition without seeing some
| exposition on it.
| AlbertCory wrote:
| Given this layout, I can't tell whom you're addressing this
| to: the guy who said "folly" was the better translation?
|
| In any case, I _did_ study German in college, but I 'm far
| from being able to judge what word is accurate. If the word
| was "Dummheit" that translates literally as "dumb head" but
| that doesn't mean a German would understand it that way.
| AlbertCory wrote:
| Funny how your mind works. I just realized _Dummheit_ doesn
| 't mean "dumb head" like I said; it's "state of being dumb"
| or, as Google Translate puts it, "stupidity."
| oblak wrote:
| First thing I thought when reading your comment was Men in
| Black
|
| Kay : A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous
| animals and you know it. Fifteen hundred years ago everybody
| knew the Earth was the center of the universe. Five hundred
| years ago, everybody knew the Earth was flat, and fifteen
| minutes ago, you knew that humans were alone on this planet.
| Imagine what you'll know tomorrow.
| belter wrote:
| "Most of them are just trying to make a living..."
|
| https://youtu.be/w2ppyMUlXfM
| teddyh wrote:
| What you write is perfectly true, but _both_ tribes read that
| and think "Yes, that's how it is for people in the _other_
| tribe. We in this tribe, of course, are much better than
| that.".
| TrispusAttucks wrote:
| This is compounded by neither tribe admitting the other
| tribe's good ideas. We focus on all or nothing rejection of
| the opposing team.
| AlbertCory wrote:
| Very true. And of course, no member can admit that _their_
| tribe is that way, too, without risking expulsion.
| BobbyJo wrote:
| Is there a pattern of thought that makes one immune to this?
| Like, if I reject every tribe, I become part of the 'everyone
| is dumb tribe', if I accept the views of every authority, I
| become part of the 'sheep' tribe, but maybe if one were to
| employ some pattern of acceptance and contrarianism in the
| face of other's arguments, then, on average, one's own
| tribalism would dissolve.
| achenet wrote:
| Being a member of multiple tribes and through that seeing
| that each has its own goals, beliefs, and communication
| protocols.
| Jensson wrote:
| You view yourself as the other tribe, and therefore
| criticize yourself as if you were your worst enemy. From
| that perspective most stupid ideas you have are easy to see
| through. You know how stupid the other side is, yeah you
| probably look around that stupid yourself unless you go
| through this process regularly and fixes the issues you
| find in yourself.
|
| Although I don't think it is possible to do it perfectly,
| but you can fix some things this way.
| burrows wrote:
| > You know how stupid the other side is, yeah you
| probably look around that stupid yourself
|
| Any other techniques for dealing with this?
|
| To get a better measurement of my own intelligence I
| think about my "dumb friend", and then try to realize
| that that's probably actually about how smart I am.
| NalNezumi wrote:
| The partial solution to this is what _used_ to be called
| "open-mindedness". But it's not a pattern for "immunity"
| but in analogue, practices to keep you "fit" and prepared.
|
| I think CGP grey summarized the pattern nicely, and I
| quote: (timestamped)[0]
|
| "The trick is to keep your identity separate from your
| opinions - they are objects in a box you carry with you and
| should be easily replaceable if it turns out they're no
| good.
|
| If you think that the opinions in the box are _who you are_
| then you 'll cling to them despite any evidence to the
| contrary.
|
| Bottom line: If you want to always be right, you need to
| always be prepared to change your mind"
|
| [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlsU_YT9n_g&t=72s
|
| I would also add my personal take that you should also
| _presuppose_ that the person you 're talking/listening to
| will have that attitude. Most people don't, but by merely
| starting from that point, conversation can have a positive
| turn when you get a glimpse of why they decided to put that
| opinion in to their mind-box.
| julian37 wrote:
| Brecht had a whimsical take on this. There's a German
| saying that goes "wer A sagt, muss auch B sagen": he who
| says A, has to say B, meaning of course you should always
| try and follow through.
|
| Brecht wrote "Wer a sagt, der muss nicht b sagen. Er kann
| auch erkennen, dass a falsch war": he who says A, doesn't
| have to say B. He can also realize that A was wrong.
|
| https://beruhmte-zitate.de/zitate/126572-bertolt-brecht-
| wer-...
| discreteevent wrote:
| I would say that this binding of identity with opinions
| is the outstanding feature of the "stupidest" and most
| destructive people I know.
| pugio wrote:
| Check out The Scout Mindset. It's the best book I've found
| on how to think clearly (on these kinds of potentially
| tribal thoughts), and how to productively interact with
| people who may not be trying to improve in this area (the
| "stupid" people).
|
| We're actually making it required reading at my workplace.
| DarknessFalls wrote:
| Self-awareness in the context of one's adherence to
| "influencers" in culture. If you read the article as I did,
| and constantly thought: "Could this apply to me in some
| way?", then you are appropriately testing yourself.
| lostcolony wrote:
| Best I've found is the first + humility.
|
| "Everyone is dumb...myself included" at least gives me room
| to change my mind, and an impetus to try and find things to
| change my mind.
| breakyerself wrote:
| "We note further that people who have isolated themselves
| from others or who live in solitude manifest this defect less
| frequently than individuals or groups of people inclined or
| condemned to sociability"
| [deleted]
| DrStormyDaniels wrote:
| Bonheoffer was a Lutheran pastor. Nietzsche, the son of a
| Lutheran pastor: 'In individuals, insanity is rare; but in
| groups, parties, nations and epochs, it is the rule.'
|
| Also cf. Cipolla:
|
| https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c...
| poulsbohemian wrote:
| I'm not completely sure the point you are intending to make,
| but yes - there is a reason why so many great German thinkers
| were Lutheran or had Lutheran ties. It is exemplified by
| Luther's Table Talks at the pfarrhaus. Basically, it was a
| regular activity to gather at the pastor's house and debate /
| discuss / philosophize. Thus this became part of the culture.
| DrStormyDaniels wrote:
| Interesting, thanks. I want to know more about Lutherism, if
| you have any suggestions? As for my point, I'm not 100% sure
| there was one, except that it's nice to observe a theologian
| having common ground with the antichrist himself.
| plutonorm wrote:
| Peak irony.
|
| He calls out stupid people for being merely vessels for
| ideologies. Then immediately proceeds to declare - with
| effortless stupidity - that god is the source of liberation from
| stupidity.
|
| It's peak irony. And it effortlessly describes the real state of
| the world; we are all bound by the ideas that flow through us.
| There is no escape into critical reasoning or any other ideology,
| precisely because these are all ideologies. They are merely
| information structures flowing through the network. You are
| always going to be 'stupid' by his definition unless you
| personally verify all the information you receive and conduct
| well designed experiments that you personally see the results of.
| Otherwise you are choosing a side and trusting one cluster of
| information structures over another. The world is a hall of
| mirrors - get used to it and design your world view to accept
| this state of affairs.
| bsedlm wrote:
| > He calls out stupid people for being merely vessels for
| ideologies. Then immediately proceeds to declare - with
| effortless stupidity - that god is the source of liberation
| from stupidity.
|
| His understanding of god is very different from yours.
|
| He seems to understand god internally, within himself, not as
| an external force beyond (which seems closer to your own
| undesrtanding of this old, complex, topic).
| plutonorm wrote:
| it doesn't matter - it's still an ideology that we choose to
| adopt, we are just as blind to it's evil as those bound up in
| any other ideology. We are all blind - to attempt to escape
| your current cave of shadows by moving to the adjacent cave
| is pretty pointless.
| InTheArena wrote:
| I don't understand who Bohnhoeffer was, what he was fighting on
| - who he was leading - and what he paid his life for.
|
| Bonhoeffer did, in fact, reject the poplar ideas that "flowed
| though" his community. His sin was was rejecting the Nazi
| attempt to co-opt Christianity via the German Christian
| movement. His "confessing church" was one of the very very few
| organized responses to Hitler-ism in Germany.
| plutonorm wrote:
| You entirely missed my point that this idea of good ideology
| and bad ideology is a hall of mirrors. We are all embedded in
| the same network of information and we are carried by their
| tides. In using one ideology to escape another he is merely
| choosing a different tide.
| InTheArena wrote:
| He used his ideology to break away from the group and to
| found a group in opposition to the first.
| CamperBob2 wrote:
| ... a group based on a religion responsible for no small
| amount of evil in itself. As the GP suggests, replacing
| one brand of stupidity with another isn't the solution.
| _It 's the whole problem._
|
| Bonhoeffer's essay is worthwhile, but it's also true that
| his closing paragraphs provide a flawless example of what
| the previous ones warned about.
| groby_b wrote:
| Of course "the world is a hall of mirrors" is just your
| ideology. Maybe there were additional peaks of irony left after
| Bonhoeffer's, and you were meant to explore them.
| intrepidhero wrote:
| >Yet at this very point it becomes quite clear that only an act
| of liberation, not instruction, can overcome stupidity. Here we
| must come to terms with the fact that in most cases a genuine
| internal liberation becomes possible only when external
| liberation has preceded it.
|
| >It really will depend on whether those in power expect more from
| people's stupidity than from their inner independence and wisdom.
|
| Pretty radical. I'm still digesting. On the one hand, I do think
| that people, free in the external and internal sense tend to make
| better decisions than otherwise. But on the other hand I feel
| there is a missing necessary condition here. But I'm not sure
| what it is
| abecedarius wrote:
| Similar thoughts from Orwell from around the same time:
| https://www.orwellfoundation.com/the-orwell-foundation/orwel...
|
| It's curious how these both name a phenomenon with words that
| seem off-target, "stupidity" or "nationalism"; they seem to mean
| something like reducing yourself to a soldier for an egregore.
| Anyone have a better word for the general pattern?
| robocat wrote:
| > nationalism
|
| Tribal is my best guess at his meaning, but ingroup is related,
| or perhaps partisanship when applied to American politics.
| Nationalism feels incorrect, especially when he chooses
| examples of beliefs that are against their own nation (skip to
| the heading "negative nationalism"), or examples that are not
| much to do with nationality (political Catholicism,
| Antisemitism, Pacifism).
|
| Another theme is blind loyalty (authority figures) versus
| freethinking. As a geek I try to avoid succumbing to geek
| groupthink, although HN doesn't always help that goal.
| pugio wrote:
| In The Scout Mindset, Julia Galef calls a very related state
| "the soldier mindset" - this is similar enough to the term you
| proposed but I think you would enjoy reading the book.
| [deleted]
| avitous wrote:
| Erich Fromm's "Escape From Freedom", written around the same
| time, also touches on similar ideas centered around why and in
| what situations people can be steered toward totalitarianism.
| preach wrote:
| > The word of the Bible that the fear of God is the beginning of
| wisdom declares that the internal liberation of human beings to
| live the responsible life before God is the only genuine way to
| overcome stupidity.
|
| Do you agree?
| baxuz wrote:
| The author contradicts himself:
|
| > Upon closer observation, it becomes apparent that every
| strong upsurge of power in the public sphere, be it of a
| political or of a religious nature, infects a large part of
| humankind with stupidity.
|
| > The word of the Bible that the fear of God is the beginning
| of wisdom declares that the internal liberation of human beings
| to live the responsible life before God is the only genuine way
| to overcome stupidity.
| karaterobot wrote:
| There is no contradiction here. An upsurge of religious power
| in the public sphere is not equivalent to an upsurge in the
| fear of God.
| AlbertCory wrote:
| There is no contradiction, except that maybe you don't like
| the word "God."
| hprotagonist wrote:
| or conflate god and religion. (which prophetic voices
| through the ages, bonhoeffer included, have consistently
| reminded us is wrong)
| api wrote:
| I have a secular hypothesis about stupidity that echoes this:
| that it's root is narcissism. A person becomes stupid when they
| come to believe that they could not be wrong.
|
| This could be why profoundly accomplished people sometimes
| become stupid. Their accomplishment convinces them that they
| are intellectually superior, at which point they proceed to
| stop thinking critically.
| brighton36 wrote:
| Just replace the word 'God' with 'The community', and
| religious theories tend to make a lot more sense.
| baremetal wrote:
| your secular hypothesis and theistic views on this are in
| agreement.
|
| self-worship.
| throw7 wrote:
| I think understanding/explaining what "fear of God" means is
| kind of hard to explain in the postmodern world. It's partly
| recognizing that to know God is to fear God, but that also is
| not that great of an explanation. There's another verse about
| walking humbly with thy God. That may be a better more modern
| verse to pick I'd say.
| UncleOxidant wrote:
| Micah 6:8? _He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And
| what does the LORD require of you? To act justly and to love
| mercy and to walk humbly with your God._
| AnimalMuppet wrote:
| Tolkein said that it didn't pay to leave a dragon out of your
| calculations, if you happened to live near one. In the same
| way, it's a good idea to think _very carefully_ about how God
| affects you, if you happen to live in a universe where He
| exists.
|
| So the first question is, do you live in such a universe? Is He
| there, or not? Not "would you prefer Him to exist, or not?" Not
| "Does your culture say He exists?" But does He actually exist?
| Is He really there?
|
| If He exists, this is a _very_ different universe than if He
| doesn 't. And it would be wisdom to live in a manner that fits
| the universe you are in...
| NalNezumi wrote:
| To me that just seems like a theistic wording of "be humble
| because you are not perfect, and there's always a potential
| that you're wrong"
|
| An atheistic wording could come from a moral perspective or
| appealing to virtuous characteristic.
|
| A more scientific/ modern observation based re-wording of that
| is just the dunning kruger effect. (specifically the middle
| plateau of it)
| User23 wrote:
| What is virtuous and what is moral for the atheist? Is it
| more than the bits of the religious morality his ancestors
| believed that doesn't contradict his present desires?
|
| That question seriously troubled me for some time. Ethics
| cannot be deduced from logic and aesthetics. To give an
| example, why exactly is rape wrong? Logically, evolutionary
| science lets us conclude that it increases individual fitness
| by increasing mating opportunities and group fitness by
| spreading alleles that are good at reproducing themselves.
| Judging by the popularity of the subject in fine art,
| aesthetics can't condemn it either. So what makes it wrong?
| Is it anything more than a bald assertion? On what basis and
| by whose authority? Is ethics merely the science of
| discerning whatever it is that the strongest secular power
| one is subject to will permit? I find that proposition
| philosophically unsatisfying.
|
| Meanwhile, while there is plenty of room for elaboration, a
| theist can rest on the moral foundation that Mankind was
| created with inherent dignity in the image of the Creator and
| thus rape, murder, theft, and various other offenses against
| that dignity are objectively immoral, regardless of what
| whoever holds the local monopoly on violence thinks.
| Additionally, to aid those who may not be capable of drawing
| those inferences, the sacred scriptures literally spell out
| the most obvious dos and don'ts.
| mistermann wrote:
| I think sometimes religion comes with more reverence or a
| genuine deep respect for the idea.
| greenail wrote:
| What do you do when you have close to 50/50 power dynamic and
| both sides think the other is stupid?
| AnimalMuppet wrote:
| Both are probably right. There's probably enough stupidity to
| go around, so that neither side suffers a shortage.
| evolve2k wrote:
| Both are likely infected, each full with slogans and jargon.
| teddyh wrote:
| Yes, but what do you _do_?
| 13415 wrote:
| As an Epicurean, nothing. Avoid all of this like the
| plague, interact only with close friends and do not engage
| in politics and "power play." Spent your time on what
| matters to you.
| achenet wrote:
| Try to help them understand each other.
| greenail wrote:
| But the premise of Bonhoeffer's theory predicts this will
| fall on deaf ears.
| hirako2000 wrote:
| You tell both sides to at least leave you in peace, and you
| watch out since they will likely not agree with you.
| breakyerself wrote:
| Can we identify if both sides are actually stupid or is that
| just the perception of both sides?
| mistermann wrote:
| It isn't difficult to identify some "stupidity" in most any
| ideology, but managing to get a member of an ideology to
| acknowledge that it is true/relevant/etc is extremely
| difficult. I suspect some much better approach is out there,
| but we seem to not have found it (perhaps because we aren't
| really trying to find it).
| InTheArena wrote:
| Bonhoeffer's day shows the answer. The fascists and the
| communists were at war in Germany. The communists tried to take
| over the government in the 1910s, and early 1920s. The Nazis
| succeeded in the 1930s. Given the history of soviet communist
| regimes - I suspect the communists would have done what the
| fascists did - put people opposed to them to death.
| justin_oaks wrote:
| Malicious people's lies can be debunked, but the stupid people
| who believe the lies can't be corrected through debunking.
|
| We see this a lot today. Although it's nothing new, social media
| and the internet has made it easier for people to find those
| lies, and find others to help reinforce the lies in each other's
| minds.
| iratewizard wrote:
| People who belive malicious lies aren't necessarily stupid.
| Tens of millions of people today will turn on their TV in
| America. They're not all stupid.
| jbotz wrote:
| Yes they are. By the definition of "stupid" in this article,
| they are. Like Bonhoeffer says, "there are people of
| remarkably agile intellect yet stupid".
| richardatlarge wrote:
| There is individual stupidity but there is also species
| stupidity. I've always felt that humans, living according to
| culture instead of nature (to oversimplify), are intelligent as
| individuals but moronic as a society. Ants and bees, etc, just
| the opposite
| Ceyarrecks wrote:
| as is well known currently: "the effects of Incompetence and
| Malice are indistinguishable." And as further consolation, just
| look around and see that: "No Child Left Behind & Ebonics are
| working as intended."
| karaterobot wrote:
| Thanks for posting this, it rings very true.
| hprotagonist wrote:
| "Stupidity" is a mistranslation. "Folly" is the term that
| Boenhoeffer used in his letter from the concentration camp in
| which he would be martyred: don't confuse intelligence and
| wisdom.
|
| https://bpa.st/5DJQ is the version of the excerpt of the letter
| i'm familiar with.
| mudita wrote:
| The term Bonhoeffer used is "Dummheit". As a German "stupidity"
| seems to be a more accurate translation to me.
| ladon86 wrote:
| It is, but I would say that on an axis of:
|
| Stupidity <----> Silliness
|
| ...Dummheit leans slightly more towards silliness than pure
| stupidity does in English. I think Dummheit can be both an
| adjective and a noun, right? The latter, "eine Dummheit",
| sounds more like a silly mistake to me (like "I did a stupid"
| in internet-speak).
|
| A word like "nonsense" might be a good parallel? In English
| that word can cover serious, trivial, and silly cases.
| groby_b wrote:
| As a German: It depends on the context.
|
| If you use it as a noun, referring to an individual act, it
| is used to refer to a mistake. But even then, not a silly
| one. It refers to a lapse in judgment, to a lack of proper
| reasoning.
|
| If it doesn't refer to an individual act, but to a trait,
| it's meant as an incapability to reason properly, often
| painfully so. It's used as a derogative, not to mark a
| silly mistake.
|
| The most famous quote about Dummheit makes fairly clear
| it's not just meant as silliness. Schiller's "Mit der
| Dummheit kampfen Gotter selbst vergebens" (Even the gods
| struggle in vain against stupidity) clearly marks it as
| something both detrimental and incorrigible.
|
| That's really the core distinction - Dummheit as referring
| to an individual act vs. as a trait. This goes for both the
| adjective ("dumm") and the trait.
|
| It is an implicit acknowledgment of the fact that
| individual mistakes happen and are excusable, but constant
| failure is a negative mark.
|
| Bonhoeffer very clearly refers to the latter, but moves it
| from an individual failing to a societal one.
| _hl_ wrote:
| I think it's folly to try and grasp the nuances of
| "Dummheit" as Bonhoeffer used it 80 years ago from our
| modern usage of the word. It depends on how the word was
| used at the time. Even today it depends on context,
| although generally you are right that it leans a little bit
| towards silly.
| guyomes wrote:
| This reminds me of a visualisation tool [0] for the
| distance between the meaning of words in french, based on
| databases of texts. I wonder if that would help to grasp
| the nuances in older times.
|
| [0]: https://www.cnrtl.fr/proxemie/sottise
| AlbertCory wrote:
| He wrote it in German, did he not? So it wasn't "folly" _or_
| "stupidity."
| Animats wrote:
| It's energetic stupidity that leads to serious problems. Passive
| stupidity just leads to inaction.
| UncleOxidant wrote:
| I wonder if we would "foolishness" would be a better translation
| than "stupidity"? Foolishness as in a lack of wisdom.
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