[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Is Anyone Here a Professional Baker?
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       Ask HN: Is Anyone Here a Professional Baker?
        
       Hoping someone can tell me about what it takes to become a
       professional baker.  Did you go to school for it or learn on the
       job?  What is the job market like?  Do you consider it a good
       career?
        
       Author : idontwantthis
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2021-10-16 10:41 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | drawqrtz wrote:
       | Sorry for the off topic question: Do you think specialising in
       | one type of baked good e.g. coconut cake and offering delivery of
       | handmade,high quality goods to a small subscriber base would
       | work? I estimated would need to ship several cakes per day, so it
       | does seem hard to make a living of it
        
       | throwawaycuriou wrote:
       | Just one anecdote, but one that might temper expectations: A
       | friend of mine with two decades of experience who'd already
       | proven herself indispensable at a famous (and completely
       | dysfunctional) NYC French restaurant looked around for the next
       | step in her career. She interviewed at a highly competitive
       | Michelen star restaurant in Manhattan and got the offer: minimum
       | wage and an expected 60 hours a week. While they charge a typical
       | customer 200-300 a dinner. That was before the pandemic.
       | 
       | She wondered what the point of striving in the field was if
       | that's what it was like at the top. She's since moved to a state
       | where recreational use of cannabis is legal and makes more money
       | healing people with chocolate than she ever did baking. Has
       | weekends again. No sociopathic or sexual abuse from coworkers.
       | Consistent peaceful workload. Creative and high craft output
       | instead of crank-out-that-coconut-cake-again.
       | 
       | This is just one story and it may not last once the industry
       | consolidates, but now is an excellent moment for bakers' mental
       | health to shift to producing edibles.
       | 
       | Edit: Beware the expensive culinary schools. They can be a lot of
       | money and don't necessarily help finding employment. Akin to
       | bootcamps and art institutes.
        
         | ckdarby wrote:
         | Have a friend who worked a year at a one star restaurant making
         | basically minimum wage but then left to do private
         | cooking/private dining. Cleared $200k last year.
        
           | throwawaycuriou wrote:
           | Yep, I think that's the way. No matter the vocation. Cut out
           | the management tier as much as possible between you and your
           | customer.
        
       | jamil7 wrote:
       | I don't have much to add to this but it reminded me of this blog
       | article about running a bakery business on Postgres and Emacs
       | https://bofh.org.uk/2019/02/25/baking-with-emacs/ there's also a
       | few more articles on that blog about his transition from Software
       | Engineer to Baker. I have no idea if he stuck with it, maybe you
       | could reach out to him?
       | 
       | Edit: although the website is down the Twitter and Facebook pages
       | for the business still seem active.
        
       | emacsen wrote:
       | My family owned and operated a full service bakery. That means
       | they did everything from breads, to cookies, to cakes, to
       | weddings and special orders, as well as seasonal favorites.
       | 
       | Being a baker is _hard_. Your staff has to be there nearly all
       | the time prepping, proofing, baking, selling, you 're competing
       | with not only supermarkets but also operations like Costco/Sam's
       | Club which can produce high quality baked goods at very low
       | prices, etc.
       | 
       | Also remember that your operation is like a factory where you're
       | always dealing with storing supplies, which expire in a matter of
       | weeks sometimes, and then your produced goods expire in a matter
       | of days.
       | 
       | Also, you'll be dealing with customers whose only experience is
       | supermarket bread, which doesn't go stale, doesn't mold, etc. and
       | they will think your product is inferior if it does.
       | 
       | I think things have changed since when I was a kid in the 80s,
       | but if I were to start a bakery now, I'd be thinking about niche
       | products- focus on a tiny market segment, specific to specific
       | groups- health conscious, gluten free, specialty flavors or some
       | other segment that is going to be willing to pay for a premium
       | product. Do not try to compete on price.
       | 
       | I'd be thinking about marketing heavily, and I'd think about
       | creative outlets for both producing and selling.
       | 
       | For example, maybe sell at a farmer's market instead of a
       | storefront. For production, rent a commercial kitchen instead of
       | fronting the money for making equipment, selling online or
       | subscriptions as well. Basically cut your costs as much as
       | possible while you do your proof of concept.
        
         | test001only wrote:
         | Curious, why doesn't supermarket bread go stale as quick as
         | bakery bread? Is it because they use some sort of preservative
         | (I could not find anything obvious in the ingredients list)?
        
           | emacsen wrote:
           | It's a combination of factors. First, as the other replies
           | mentioned, there are preservatives and stabilizers in
           | supermarket breads.
           | 
           | Also, any bread in a plastic bag won't go _stale_ as quickly,
           | but it can grow mold due to the presence of moisture, but
           | factory bread contains things like calcium propionate that
           | inhibit mold growth.
           | 
           | Bread without preservatives and kept out of a plastic bag
           | will go stale in a short time (a couple of days maybe).
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | Stand it on the cut edge and cover it with a thin dish
             | towel.
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | According to google: Some common bread preservatives include
           | calcium propionate, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and
           | sorbic acid.
           | 
           | Also, last I read about it, there is some trick or loophole
           | that allows them to use additives for bread making that don't
           | need to be listed in the ingredients list. Google bread
           | making enzymes, that's their umbrella term IIRC.
        
       | senorsmile wrote:
       | My wife went to CIA and is starting a local gluten free bakery
       | while I keep the full time tech job and help out here and there.
       | 
       | We are starting very slowly; almost entirely word of mouth for
       | now. We intend to build our base slowly.
       | 
       | There is certainly demand for gluten free baked goods. We will
       | hopefully be able to hire someone soon.
        
       | Finnucane wrote:
       | I was not a pro baker, but I worked at a culinary school for a
       | while, so I picked up a little indirect knowledge (which now
       | might be a little out of date). Culinary school is a very 'it
       | depends' proposition. A good school will give you some good
       | preparation for working in a commercial kitchen. It might give
       | you a little leg up in hiring. It can be fairly expensive. Entry
       | level wages are (or were at the time) low. Right now, with worker
       | shortages, it might be easier to walk in and get such a job
       | without school. Long term, you might be looking to owning your
       | own shop, teaching, writing cookbooks, etc.
        
       | Ayesh wrote:
       | Not a baker, but I recently started a business that I hired a
       | professional baker. We currently bake brownies, gateaux/butter
       | cakes, cup cakes, and macarons.
       | 
       | > Did you go to school for it or learn on the job?
       | 
       | Well the baker I employ has a formal diploma, and it indeed
       | helped a lot. It takes time to develop ones own recipes, but
       | having some practice from another chef makes a huge difference.
       | 
       | > What is the job market like?
       | 
       | Speaking from the employer's perspective, it really wasn't that
       | difficult to find our current chef. However, each chef certainly
       | has their own touch, and it would be difficult for us to change
       | our current chef and expect the same quality from someone else.
       | The rates we negotiate are competitive, and my highest cost so
       | far.
       | 
       | > Do you consider it a good career?
       | 
       | I think so. Our chef certainly enjoys his craft, and I find it to
       | be a very rewarding art myself too. However, it doesn't fall into
       | those lucrative jobs that brings a ton of money unless you become
       | a head-chef of a bigger business.
       | 
       | If you were to run the business by yourself, it still can be as
       | not as lucrative because we found it a bit difficult to make ends
       | meet until we build up a good customer base. It takes us nearly 2
       | cakes and 12-24 brownies sold a day to break-even the rent,
       | depreciation, utilities, staff costs, etc. Any month below this
       | threshold is a loss-making month.
       | 
       | However, when things are busy, it tends to be stressful.
       | 
       | Things like Macarons are rather risky to bake as they are more
       | fragile and even small changes such as a change of color and
       | shape needs us to redo the entire thing. They also need to be
       | made afresh for almost every order. We try to offset this
       | repetition with items like cheesecakes and gateaux cakes, which
       | can be safely frozen for days. Brownies, which we can bake and
       | keep for three days, etc.
       | 
       | At our worst days, we had the chef working nearly 12 hours a day,
       | and me driving for better half of the day making deliveries. We
       | could of course optimize all these, but I suppose there will
       | always be packed days once in a while.
       | 
       | I'm a software architect, and I find software industry and the
       | baking industry to be different as day and night.
        
         | johnwheeler wrote:
         | A cake and 2 dozen brownies a day to make rent eh? What's in
         | them brownies?
        
       | beepbooptheory wrote:
       | I was a mixer general grunt at a bagel shop, also worked at a
       | donut shop, but I have a feeling you are looking to jump in a
       | little above that.
       | 
       | In general in the culinary world, schooling is like 90% a scam.
       | You dont know how many culinary graduates I trained when I was
       | just someone two years into the industry with a philosophy
       | degree. People do get value out of it, and the debt is relatively
       | small compared to regular college, but unless you go to like CIA
       | you are going to be in the same boat as someone just off the
       | street.
       | 
       | That said, the job market for pastry/bread is more competitive,
       | they are special jobs in the whole domain. and you will likely
       | have to prove yourself as a general cook before you can get to
       | work with bread. Any bakery is not going to take a chance with
       | someone without experience, so you need to get your experience in
       | a kitchen.
       | 
       | Things in food service are not going to be "careers" the way you
       | want them to be. you will not have any benefits, and you will
       | find there is very little room to progress beyond taking the
       | plunge and doing your own venture. in the united States at least,
       | if you work in a kitchen/food service, you are usually in near
       | constant precarity or you are working over 60 hrs a week. there
       | is little reward beyond the camaraderie of your team and the
       | satisfaction of making things on your feet. and the beer at the
       | end of a shift.
       | 
       | I had some great times, but if you are presumably doing Dev work
       | so far in your life, get ready for physical/mental/emotional
       | challenges like you have never imagined. Coding is a million
       | times easier than anything I had to do in food service
        
         | schwartzworld wrote:
         | > the debt is relatively small compared to regular college,
         | 
         | Unfortunately the pay is also relatively small when compared
         | with the kind of jobs a college graduate might apply for. It's
         | not bad once you get your own kitchen, but I've known some very
         | skilled cooks who started at $10 an hour at their restaurants.
         | Culinary degree and all
        
         | zengargoyle wrote:
         | Ditto. But eh... My bagel place was large enough to be
         | industrial park warehouse sized and served the state of New
         | Mexico with outlet shops and probably the bagels you find in
         | the bulk bins at the grocery stores. They hired anybody
         | breathing. It's a fun hacker story.
         | 
         | I applied and they told me I was overqualified so I played the
         | "starving actor" card. I do computers and stuff but need a blah
         | blah job to pay the rent. Bagels on that mid-industrial scale
         | are more assembly line like engineering. Cut the dough, feed it
         | into the former, put it on a tray, freeze or proof and bake,
         | coat with things if needed, fill boxes... it's more of just a
         | process.
         | 
         | A few weeks later the boss comes out for like the third time
         | for a gripe session complaining about all of the wastage
         | happening during the proofing process. Engineer brain piped up
         | and blurted out "your doing it wrong". Gah! do it this way. The
         | boss turns to the floor manager and promptly sends him out
         | shopping for a list of items and the next day my procedure was
         | implemented and all was well. A week later the boss calls me
         | into the office with the owners. They can't do much but slip me
         | a goodly amount of cash under the table.
         | 
         | Not to long after I was the mix-master coming in at 3am with
         | the boss to get the work started and prepare the days
         | production run and we'd bash out a significant amount of
         | product in the couple of hours that it took for the rest of the
         | workers to come in for their shifts. Then he'd go to the office
         | and I'd just mix up new batches of dough or go make some boxes.
         | 
         | Pretty much walked out every day with enough bagels to fill
         | myself and my housemates.
         | 
         | I would agree in the end, that sort of "baker" is pretty much
         | dead end. There aren't really advancement positions much beyond
         | mix-master or floor manager, it's a sparse field.
         | 
         | I actually found "baker" trivially easy compared to Dev/CS
         | work. Same with "residential dining" or "warehouse management".
         | If it's large enough it's just another procedure/process
         | problem that you can hack into shape just like programming.
        
       | senectus1 wrote:
       | I used to be. I completed my 4 year apprenticeship (plus a 1 year
       | pre-apprenticeship and a few years just working in a country
       | bakery)
       | 
       | 25+ years ago.
       | 
       | I got bored of the same daily grind every day and changed career
       | to IT... am still in that space now.
       | 
       | I have considered going back but not really. the money is too
       | good and the job is alway ALWAYS a challenge.
       | 
       | (Australia btw...)
        
       | sushsjsuauahab wrote:
       | Knew a guy who ran bread ops at a normal bakery. He slept poorly
       | and eventually quit because lifting was hurting his back..
        
       | jmpman wrote:
       | Not a baker, but a local bakery popped up recently in Phoenix.
       | It's a high end French patisserie, easily equalling anything I've
       | had in Paris.
       | 
       | The baker comes from Switzerland where he was previously a
       | banker. He has no formal baking training, and yet produces the
       | highest quality products.
       | 
       | Although the demand for high end French pastries is relatively
       | low in Phoenix (there is no competition), he's found a core
       | customer base that clears him out every Saturday.
       | 
       | www.labelleviebakery.com/
       | 
       | In a large enough metropolitan area, his formula could be
       | replicated with great success.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | This. ( Not a baker but used to work in commodity trading and
         | Food sector )
         | 
         | Which is in response to the first comment. You cant compete on
         | commodity. And you really shouldn't be. Doesn't matter which
         | market it is you are always going to lose to economy of scale,
         | i.e Grocery Store. You have to compete on specialty. I believe
         | high end French patisserie is a market of massive growth.
         | Unfortunately these type of business are unattractive to VC.
        
       | yial wrote:
       | You may want to check out the Bread Bakers Guild of America.
       | 
       | https://www.bbga.org/
       | 
       | When you say professional baker, are you talking about owning
       | your own small bakery that does a little of everything each day?
       | 
       | Are you talking about owning a shop that does limited consumer
       | sales but sells hundreds of loaves, rolls, etc daily across
       | dozens of restaurants ?
       | 
       | A high end pastry chef?
       | 
       | I'm not a professional baker, but I am friends with someone who
       | operates the second option. They went to school for hospitality-
       | their family owned a hotel.
       | 
       | They sell a limited selection to super markets and restaurants.
       | They do operate a small retail store and sell at farmers markets
       | as well. They don't sell pastries of any kind.
        
       | sircastor wrote:
       | A former coworker of mine was a professional pastry chef before
       | she switched to software development. She said the salary ceiling
       | was quite low (40k-50k in a hotel) which is one of the reasons
       | she moved. IIRC, she's now writing software for a major
       | investment firm, making bank.
        
       | JackMorgan wrote:
       | I ran a bread baking business for a year in suburban TX, and I
       | can safely say that it doesn't matter how good you are: profit
       | margins are really low in certain areas. People were extremely
       | cost sensitive. Also they often didn't even like "fancy" bread,
       | and would complain about anything different from just regular
       | sliced grocery store foam.
       | 
       | I got pretty good, and was able to have some "subscriptions" back
       | before that was a thing, delivering it to people at work, but in
       | the end I was barely able to cover the costs once I'd factored in
       | running the oven. I then moved to the northeast , where people
       | care about bread a little more, but again are usually quite
       | sensitive to convenience and price. The groceries here have
       | average bakeries in store, and produce cheap reliable bread.
       | 
       | As for cake baking, that's a whole different ballgame. I've had a
       | friend who tried that and she had a very hard time. People
       | typically were extremely price sensitive, and were very hard to
       | please. It reminded me of the tattoo business: a few rockstars
       | charging 10k for art that gets thousands of upvotes on social
       | media, then a mass of people doing $100 specials for customers
       | who are never quite happy. Kind of a bummer, so my friend gave up
       | after a year and doubled down on programming as a career. She now
       | keeps baking firmly in the "hobby" realm, since while she loves
       | it, she knows it's extremely hard to make a living doing it.
        
         | tmm wrote:
         | You've hit on something I've been thinking about a lot lately
         | in price sensitive markets (which is basically anything in the
         | consumer space). You're better off being very expensive ($10k
         | tattoo artist) than broadly appealing.
         | 
         | I've seen it mentioned here a lot w.r.t. freelance web
         | developers, but my friends in the trades are aware of it too.
         | Be expensive. It filters out the terrible customers and gets
         | you people who are willing to pay (and wait) for quality work.
         | The difficult part, I think, is knowing your market well enough
         | to know what that threshold is. There is a lot of hysteresis in
         | pricing - you can easily be too expensive for the cheap
         | customers, but not expensive enough to make up for the
         | reduction in paying jobs.
         | 
         | The hard part is you have to know your market really, really
         | well. And you may not be able to apply that model to every job.
         | No matter how rich your customer is, they're probably not going
         | to pay $1000 for you to change a lightbulb. On the other hand,
         | there are plenty who will pay you $20k for work that your
         | competition is quoting $5k for.
         | 
         | And the closer your chosen field is to art, the greater that
         | gap can be. If you want to be a baker, you can't compete with
         | grocery stores for the $30 birthday cake market, but you can
         | make $6k wedding cakes and corporate event cakes. You might
         | only make one cake a week, but isn't that better than having to
         | crank out 200 sheet cakes with terrible baby pictures printed
         | on them?
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | >You're better off being very expensive ($10k tattoo artist)
           | than broadly appealing.
           | 
           | This is like saying you're better off playing in the NBA than
           | shooting hoops in the park. Yes, anyone can shoot hoops in
           | the park and make $0 but wouldn't it be so much better to
           | play in the NBA and get paid millions?
           | 
           | It sounds great in theory but you better hope you have the
           | talent, drive, and luck to make it happen.
           | 
           | Baking a $30 cake and baking a $6,000 cake are totally
           | different ballgames and the actual baking is quite different
           | and the business part of it requires totally different
           | skills/network/etc.
        
             | mynameishere wrote:
             | I don't know about the NBA but if you look at the stunning
             | difference between Mike Trout's salary (35 million/year)
             | and an AAA minor league player's (700/week) you might be
             | even more stunned by the difference between their batting
             | averages (ie, around .100).
             | 
             | Point is, once someone gets "in the game" and isn't just
             | playing for fun, valuations get really strange. As another
             | example, I am impressed by the salaries at Facebook when it
             | is still just a particularly herky-jerky Myspace clone, or
             | at Youtube, which is the same website it always was 10+
             | years ago ("But now with TWO types of annotations no one
             | asked for.") What are all those geniuses doing? They aren't
             | even batting above average as far as I can tell.
             | 
             | ...
             | 
             | As for baking, I knew a professional baker when I worked in
             | a restaurant. Man, that guy was miserable and weird. He
             | made nice-looking stuff third shift for the next day, but
             | knowing him, I wasn't about to eat any of it.
        
               | MPSimmons wrote:
               | > you might be even more stunned by the difference
               | between their batting averages (ie, around .100).
               | 
               | You have to account for both sides of that equation,
               | though, and consider the skill of the pitchers being
               | faced by the minor leaguer.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _Baking a $30 cake and baking a $6,000 cake are totally
             | different ballgames and the actual baking is quite
             | different and the business part of it requires totally
             | different skills /network/etc._
             | 
             | I don't think that's true. The difference between two cakes
             | is down to who baked them, not the price. There are amazing
             | bakers making fantastic $30 cakes, and great bakers making
             | brilliant $6000 cakes, and there are terrible bakers making
             | awful $30 cakes and others making awful $6000 cakes. You
             | can't tell whether a baker's cake is any good by what they
             | charge.
             | 
             | No doubt the technique for baking a $30 cake and a $6000
             | cake is different (the sizes are probably different for a
             | start) but any good baker could work at either end of the
             | scale. It is absolutely not like basketball where things
             | like genetics (height, lung capacity, heart size, etc)
             | enter into it. No one is a naturally good baker.
        
               | 1123581321 wrote:
               | This isn't true at all! You can't have ordered many cakes
               | for weddings and large parties. There are plenty doing a
               | good job who would not be able to move on to richer
               | clients. There is significant variation in design skill,
               | baking skill and equipment out there among professionals.
               | Visual taste, food taste, steady hands, and stamina are
               | three natural traits I've noticed and there are probably
               | others in great bakers and chefs.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | > No one is a naturally good baker.
               | 
               | While baking/cooking may not relate to physical genetics,
               | it is definitely linked to creativity and such. Not
               | everyone can be a Masterchef.
               | 
               | > I don't think that's true. The difference between two
               | cakes is down to who baked them, not the price.
               | 
               | It is true? Everything you listed are things that are
               | influenced by both the baker and the price. Not everyone
               | can handle the stress of managing multiple high-end event
               | deliveries while fulfilling the nuanced needs and quality
               | expected of a 10k cake vs a 100$ cake, and so on.
        
               | paulcole wrote:
               | Closing a $6,000 deal with a decision maker at a big
               | company is different than closing a $30 deal with my
               | grandpa. Getting on the radar of the decision maker at a
               | big company is a different skill than getting my
               | grandpa's attention.
               | 
               | The difference has very little to do with the cake.
               | 
               | A fair number of high-priced wedding cake makers just use
               | boxed cake mix. It's the decorating and the security that
               | they're not going to fuck up the wedding day.
        
               | awillen wrote:
               | No one is making awful $6000 cakes (or at least they're
               | not selling them). You can absolutely tell how good a
               | baker's cake is by how much they charge, assuming they're
               | actually making sales. Someone who is consistently
               | selling cakes for thousands of dollars is a very good
               | baker.
               | 
               | Beyond that, you have to bear in mind that $30 cakes and
               | $6000 cakes are basically different products. The former
               | is a dessert and the latter is closer to art. A very
               | successful baker making $30 cakes is more like the head
               | chef at a restaurant than a home baker - they're running
               | an operation that's making those cakes at scale (because
               | there's a limit on how successful you can be selling $30
               | cakes that you make yourself - only so many hours in the
               | day).
               | 
               | A baker making $6000 cakes is making hands-on, labor-
               | intensive creations, and while that person may have some
               | staff, they're involved in each cake. Their work doesn't
               | scale the way the large-scale $30 cake operation does,
               | but they can make lots of money in the same way a high-
               | paid lawyer does - basically a very high hourly rate for
               | their work.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | You are right, but I think it applies in smaller
             | increments.
             | 
             | To get back to bread, selling fancy cakes for 10$ and not
             | 4$ might not seem a big deal, but it can be enough to
             | upgrade all the ingredients while staying in your comfort
             | zone skill wise.
             | 
             | The competition gets smaller, and while you're now priced
             | the same as some superstar shops, you clients will still be
             | happy if it's clearly better than the 4$ cakes next door.
             | 
             | In a way NBA is a regulated market, most markets don't
             | behave that way.
        
           | zippergz wrote:
           | I've seen this play out in other (mostly creative) fields as
           | well. But it is not without its challenges. Namely, the
           | people who will pay the very high prices tend to come in via
           | reputation and referrals. You can't generally just throw up a
           | website and some AdWords as a brand new baker and start
           | pulling in five-figure clients. They either want to hear from
           | other people who trust that you're the person to go to, or at
           | least you need a portfolio of similar work. And of course
           | therein lies a bit of a catch-22. You can't get high end
           | clients without having other high end clients. No number of
           | $30 birthday cake clients are going to give you credibility
           | with $6k wedding cake clients.
           | 
           | Cake baking is one example where you might be able to work
           | around this somewhat by just baking high end cakes for _no_
           | client, posting them on social media, and hope to pull in a
           | few brave first customers. But for trades like tattoos where
           | there's really no way to do it without a client, it's tough.
           | I have no experience with tattoos, but I'm guessing that in
           | that world the high end customers want to see that you have
           | tattooed beautiful things on other beautiful people. If your
           | current client base is average looking people who mostly get
           | boring or trashy tattoos, you can't just quadruple your
           | prices and expect it to work.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | There's no Catch-22 if you know the potential clients
             | socially...or your parents and grandparents do.
             | 
             | It's not that that advantage means a person doesn't have to
             | work hard. It means that hard work is more likely to
             | produce success.
             | 
             | Even more important the social connections make hard work
             | more likely to produce success. Prior familiarity with
             | $6000 cakes creates intuition regarding where to prioritize
             | efforts and where efforts don't produce returns.
             | 
             | For example, what is the optimum resource commitment to the
             | cake box. About how good does it need to be? Not enough is
             | bad. Too much is money left on the table.
        
             | EveYoung wrote:
             | Having worked in the luxury industry before, my experience
             | is that it really comes down to personal connections and
             | branding. The problem is that positioning yourself as a
             | true luxury player takes years (even in local markets) and
             | until then you're still have to pay rent for high-end
             | locations, PR, and equipment. There is a reason why most
             | successful founders have strong industry connections and/or
             | excellent references.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | With high end goods and services It's not enough to know the
           | market.
           | 
           | Cultural fit is critical. To be in the metaphorical $6000
           | cake segment of the cake market, you have to hit all the
           | social notes on cue that customers in the metaphorical $6000
           | cake market want their $6000 cake makers to hit.
           | 
           | What I mean is that the architect who designs golf course
           | clubhouses has to be fun to play golf with to establish and
           | maintain relationships with potential and current clients.
           | 
           | Delivering a $6000 cake cake experience to the sort of event
           | that pays for a $6000 cake runs on the razor edge of servant
           | and served without questioning the absurdities around $6000
           | cakes.
           | 
           | And if a person likes making cakes, bringing the joy of cake
           | to 200 clients may be more satisfying than catering to people
           | who suppose themselves intrinsically entitled to being
           | catered to.
           | 
           | Obviously I know where I fall on that equation. From personal
           | experience for whatever that's worth.
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | > on the razor edge of servant and served
             | 
             | An incisive comment for the times. It brings 'farm to
             | table' to mind.
        
           | nautilius wrote:
           | I read an interview with a watchmaker once. He used to make
           | watches in the $2000 range, before moving on to watches much
           | more expense (I forgot the number, $50,000?). The reason was
           | simple: someone buying a $2000 is often there for a once-in-
           | a-lifetime purchase - graduation, marriage, etc. Someone able
           | to spend $50,000 on a watch typically will have no issues to
           | start collecting them and buying many more.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | I've been thinking about that regarding tourbillons. This
             | is the now-unnecessary but aesthetically pleasing component
             | that has made some watches not mass produceable for 200
             | years. Over the last several years some enterprisers mostly
             | in China have finally refined robotic processes to make
             | them. The watches styles that are 5 and 6 figures in price
             | are now around $1000. But, for now, I am still thinking I
             | wouldn't be caught dead wearing one of those.
             | 
             | But because of the scam-like (or at least "rip off") nature
             | of liking a brand that is using an inferior manufacturing
             | process at 10x the price, I now have a quagmire where I
             | wouldn't want to be seen owning the more expensive ones
             | either!
             | 
             | But fortunately there is good news: almost nobody knows the
             | more prestigious brands if it doesn't say "Rolex". So you
             | get to blend in. Even thieves will go after the Rolex over
             | the more expensive Breguet, I doubt aesthetics are a
             | factor, only because of the name brand recognition in
             | consumptive pop culture.
        
             | mooreds wrote:
             | Interesting! I have questions.                  * Did he
             | have to start off in the 2k range before he had the
             | skills/brand to make the 50k watches?         * Did he take
             | any steps to avoid getting trapped in the 2k market (too
             | busy making 2k watches to make a 50k watch)        * Were
             | there any intermediate steps up to 50k or was it 2k->50k
             | directly?        * Are the inputs for a 50k watch
             | significantly more expensive?
             | 
             | I imagine you won't have the answers (unless you can dig up
             | the interview), but what a fascinating story with lessons
             | for software. I've read plenty about avoiding the $9/month
             | SaaS customer in favor of the $500/month or $10k/month
             | customer, but it is interesting to see it play out in a
             | different, consumer focused space.
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | Unfortunately, I don't remember the details, but from
               | what I recall it was 'simply' a conscious decision on his
               | part to switch his customer base, so it seemed that
               | tooling/parts/skills/money were not the problem. I
               | assume, as always, that luck has to be involved for
               | someone to discover you and think you're worthy of their
               | money. Then again, just the price tag alone may signify
               | that you're worthy (remember that iPhone app 'I am rich',
               | that did nothing but cost a couple thousand dollars?).
               | _Especially_ if your target audience really doesn 't care
               | about the price at all and can just afford to buy it as a
               | novelty, to be the first to have watches from that new
               | unknown brand, before it was cool.
               | 
               | But the story had an immediate impact on how I thought
               | about many products and marketing.
        
               | nanomonkey wrote:
               | As a previous goldsmith, I'd say it's the materials used
               | (gold/platinum over silver) and the time one puts into a
               | piece. Gold is easier to work with than silver as you
               | don't have to worry about fire-scale and it's more
               | malleable, so if you're able to produce a piece in
               | silver, or stainless steel for that matter, then making
               | the same piece in gold just comes down to investing more
               | in your materials (~$1,8000 vs $30 an oz for gold vs.
               | silver) for each piece. After that the time,
               | embellishments are just more time invested with the
               | piece.
        
               | milesvp wrote:
               | If you're interested in this topic of leveling up as a
               | freelance creative, I recently came across Chris Do who
               | has a lot of youtube content on this topic. There's a lot
               | of good stuff, and his delivery is much better than most
               | other of the similar content youtube associates with him.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I've been only on the customer side but can concur.
         | 
         | We were buying "fancy" bread and cakes a lot at a nearby
         | bakeries, but clearly the bulk of the customers and sales where
         | kids on their way from school to home, and people buying bread
         | for the dinner and next morning.
         | 
         | Of course quality mattered to a point, but I don't think it
         | made a difference wether it was 70% good instead of 99% good.
         | 
         | At a point we were waiting the croissants at a store that was
         | won the best award that year, and behind us the local residents
         | were pretty bitchy about having to wait 5min for the next
         | batch, and ended up going to another store farther from there.
        
         | js2 wrote:
         | > Also they often didn't even like "fancy" bread, and would
         | complain about anything different from just regular sliced
         | grocery store foam.
         | 
         | Great Harvest seems to do well enough. The one in my area is
         | always busy. They have a FAQ for potential franchisees:
         | 
         | https://www.greatharvest.com/franchise/open-a-bakery-franchi...
        
         | CommanderData wrote:
         | Are Soft Pretzels in the bread or cake category? I.e the type
         | from Auntie Anne's.
         | 
         | Anyone know how are the margins with a Pretzel stand / your
         | typical Auntie Anne's?
        
           | dangerbird2 wrote:
           | technically, it's a yeasted bread. The only thing that
           | differentiates a pretzel from any other bread is that pretzel
           | dough gets dipped in a basic solution before baking to create
           | the brown crust
        
       | mcaravey wrote:
       | I currently own and run a bakery. We sell breads and pastries,
       | and generally avoid anything custom, such as fancy cakes. We have
       | things figured out enough that we'll hire people with no
       | experience on the spot and train them up. We start by having them
       | work the table, meaning they shape the dough into the final
       | products. Its fairly safe, and as long as there is supervision
       | its not usually hard. From there they can pick where they want to
       | train next, be it mixing, ovens, or something else.
       | 
       | As for my own training, I did not have any schooling or
       | apprenticeship. What helped me was to hire someone with
       | experience. The baker we hired didn't have a grasp of
       | fundamentals (why certain things are done), but he knew enough of
       | the mechanics to get us going. I spent a lot of time reading,
       | researching, and learning the underlying science of things. Also
       | I was just crazy enough to make large changes in production with
       | minimal testing until things worked. Changes such as swapping out
       | starter types in a dough...
       | 
       | As for the job market: we are having an extremely hard time
       | finding people. In Oregon minimum wage is $14/hour but you can
       | drive for Amazon for over $20. Trying to strike a balance with
       | labor costs and product costs has been very difficult, especially
       | with Covid. Last time I priced out ingredients, a baguette cost
       | less than $0.15, but the rest of the cost is 100% people. So we
       | spent a ton of time getting less people involved. Today we can
       | comfortably bake about 1000lbs of dough with one person mixing,
       | two on the tables, and one on the ovens.
       | 
       | One essential part of our operations is the custom software I
       | wrote for managing the production floor. We track orders for
       | customers in the software and on the day for baking the mixer
       | just uses the iPad for how much dough to make, how much batter to
       | mix, and how much of each ingredient to weigh. Then the shapers
       | see a list of what breads to make out of each dough, and then the
       | bakers get to see what should be baked. Because the software
       | automatically calculates all the quantities, the production
       | process is MUCH less mentally challenging and basically runs on
       | autopilot. We are looking to actually cleanup and resell the
       | software to bakeries.
       | 
       | And finally, is it a good career? Depends a lot. We only have one
       | location, so as a baker there's only so much you can climb up the
       | ladder. If you really wanted to make a good career you'll need to
       | learn all the jobs and learn them well. Then make your way into
       | management with all the knowledge you now have. If you really
       | wanted to climb, you'll jump over to a large company or one thats
       | looking to become large. Be aware that large bakeries are very
       | different in many ways from small operations. Our bakery is
       | looking to grow a lot, and we need people to make it happen. We
       | are projecting to open a second production facility in a few
       | years, and we would be looking to hire all sorts of positions,
       | including shift managers, general production managers, and there
       | would likely also be a production manager over both facilities.
       | The downside is that if you're in it because you enjoy touching
       | the products, then too high up the management ladder you climb,
       | the less that'll happen.
       | 
       | With all that said, it's extremely hard to own a bakery,
       | especially starting out. The capital expenditure is huge. Yes,
       | the margins you get are pretty good. We are hovering around a 50%
       | gross margin now which is great, but we need to increase the
       | volume of product we move. I still write a ton of code for my
       | other startup that we are trying to launch soon (finance, not
       | baking). I personally enjoy baking a lot, but I have waaaay more
       | skill with the computer, so I'm stuck balancing where to spend my
       | hours in the day. Becoming a baker depends a lot on what you want
       | to do with yourself.
        
       | dejv wrote:
       | My good friend is owner of artisanal bakery (as well as baker
       | herself).
       | 
       | What I can see she is happy to hire people without prior
       | experience and teach them on spot.
       | 
       | Is that good career? It depends on who will ask. Baking is blue
       | collar job: pay is low and hours are long. For some it might make
       | sense, for average tech worker probably not.
        
       | jimmyvalmer wrote:
       | The number of professional bakers on HN exceeded my estimate by
       | an order of magnitude (10 vs 1). I wonder what other further-
       | afield occupations I'd be surprised are represented here.
        
       | mhb wrote:
       | A day in the life of Lloyd Squires, Vermont's 'best' bagel maker
       | 
       | https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/life/2018/11/19/ll...
        
       | makach wrote:
       | My gf's uncle is a well know baker. Workaholic. Works all night,
       | sleeps a little during the day. It's hard physical work that
       | requires a lot of skills and experience. If it is your passion,
       | make it your career. Don't do the same mistake as I did and make
       | your hobby your career. God luck!
        
       | nqk wrote:
       | Here's a yt channel about a small sour dough bread baker.
       | Although I think they started by buying out another one-person-
       | garage operation.
       | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPYHRKEqMycep7r5kO-1org
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | From a close friend who has been a baker for decades:
       | 
       | The margins on flour, water, and salt (bread) are thin.
       | 
       | The margins on sugar (pastries) and meat/vegetables/cheese
       | (pizzas) are better.
       | 
       | She doesn't bake bread these days, but makes a good living off of
       | pizzas.
        
         | phonypc wrote:
         | This seems backwards.
         | 
         | The flour (say 500 grams) for a basic loaf of bread should cost
         | something like 50 cents, looking at U.S. prices. Water, yeast
         | and salt a fraction of a cent each. You should be able to
         | charge at least $3 for the resulting loaf. If you know what
         | you're doing and are in the right area, maybe as much as $6?
         | 6-12x markup over ingredient cost.
         | 
         | The same bread ingredients would make the dough for a rather
         | large pepperoni pizza, which you could maybe charge $20 for? A
         | very conservative (I think) $2.50 of cheese and $1 of pepperoni
         | would leave you at a 5x markup. Never mind tomato sauce, or the
         | extra labour involved.
        
           | CrazyStat wrote:
           | The ingredients are not the only cost. Labor (time), rent,
           | etc. all go into margin.
           | 
           | A loaf of bread bakes for 30-60 minutes. A pizza bakes for
           | 3-10 minutes, so you can bake a lot more pizzas than bread
           | loaves in a day. You can probably also sell more pizzas than
           | bread loaves in a day.
        
             | phonypc wrote:
             | Margin on ingredients specifically was mentioned. Anyway, I
             | contend that pizza is more labour intensive than bread.
             | 
             | You can fit many loaves of bread in the oven space of one
             | pizza.
             | 
             | No doubt that in some circumstances, pizza is a more viable
             | business model than bread. I'm just skeptical that the
             | margin on a pizza sale is typically better than bread.
        
               | CrazyStat wrote:
               | >Margin on ingredients specifically was mentioned.
               | 
               | Ingredients were mentioned as classifications for product
               | types.
               | 
               | >You can fit many loaves of bread in the oven space of
               | one pizza.
               | 
               | Not really. Maybe 2-3 decent sized loaves in the
               | footprint of one large pizza, but you can also bake
               | pizzas in much less vertical space, so you can have
               | double the baking surface footprint for pizzas in the
               | same oven volume.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | In reality, dedicated pizza ovens are tall enough fit
               | most styles of bread. The necessities of air circulation
               | means you can't shrink the vertical space as much as you
               | might like to.
               | 
               | Anyway, it seems to me the important metric in this
               | regard would be how many items per unit time a baker can
               | effectively manage. Pizza requires some amount of
               | attention more or less constantly. I doubt one baker can
               | manage more than 5 at time, even if the oven could fit
               | many more. Meanwhile that same baker can set a timer on
               | an oven containing many dozens of bread loaves and forget
               | about them until they're done.
        
               | CrazyStat wrote:
               | You'll burn the top of the loaf if you try to bake a
               | typical artisan batard or boule in a commercial pizza
               | deck oven, due to radiative heat from the top of the
               | oven. You could probably get away with focaccia or
               | similar short flat-top breads.
               | 
               | Items per unit baker time doesn't really matter. 5 pizzas
               | takes say 15-20 minutes of baker+oven time and gives you
               | (using your numbers from up thread) $76 revenue (net
               | ingredient costs). 3 dozen loaves takes a similar amount
               | of baker time, 3x as much oven time (and probably at
               | least double the required oven volume), gives you similar
               | revenue, and is much harder to sell.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | A sandwich loaf baked in a pan should be made in a
               | different style of oven, but the types of bread you're
               | talking about are ideally made in the same style of deck
               | oven as pizzas.
               | 
               | To achieve that speed of pizza turnout would be quite the
               | feat I think. Is this factoring in assembling pizzas?
               | Checking/rotating pizzas partway through baking? The oven
               | would have to be running much hotter than for the bread
               | (admittedly no idea of the costs here). You'd probably
               | have to use 5 separate decks to avoid slowing the bake
               | when loading/unloading, 5 decks that could be packed with
               | loaves rather than a single pizza.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, I don't see why it should take more than 10
               | minutes to load an oven with 3 dozen loaves. During the
               | bake time, the baker can be mixing or shaping another
               | batch or any other task. The pizza maker realistically
               | can't be doing anything but assembling/baking pizzas.
               | 
               | Separate from baking, pizza necessitates the added labour
               | of grating cheese and making sauce, or paying a premium
               | for prepared versions.
               | 
               | No argument that 36 loaves is a harder sell than 5
               | pizzas. That's sales volume though, not margin.
        
               | CrazyStat wrote:
               | Margin is zero if you can't sell it.
        
               | kibbleble wrote:
               | For prep work, you can store pizza dough as little balls,
               | or pre-flatten them and put them on racks, freezing many
               | more pizza doughs than bread doughs. Preparing a pizza
               | crust is as easy as using a press, but to make consistent
               | bread you need a complicated machine that's annoying to
               | clean. Bread also needs a proofer if you're serious about
               | mass producing it, hence needing more space. Otherwise
               | you can enjoy handcrafting your bread and cultivating
               | yeast, which is another art and science all to itself.
               | 
               | While less pizzas fit in a pizza oven than bread may fit
               | in a bread oven, it's easier to prepare pizzas, easier to
               | hire for, and people pay more for them.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | Pizza dough is bread dough, the process is the same up to
               | a point. In making loaves, you will have them portioned
               | as balls at some point, same as pizza. You will shape
               | them and put them on racks, same as pizza (pizza
               | stacks/packs more efficiently here, but that seems
               | irrelevant. Bakeries aren't in the habit of mass storage
               | of shaped dough). Shaping a loaf can be a few seconds
               | with your hands, same as pizza. Labour saving devices,
               | like a dough sheeter for pizza, is just that in either
               | case: labour saving. Bread loaves can be made with or
               | without a proofer, as can pizza.
               | 
               | Preparing and hiring for something like Pizza Hut or
               | Domino's is undoubtedly easier. But at an independent
               | bakery, I really don't see the case for pizza being a
               | higher margin item.
        
               | i_am_proteus wrote:
               | Pizza dough typically has oil and sugar, bread dough does
               | not.
               | 
               | Pizza dough is typically bulk fermented cold for 2-12
               | days, bread dough is usually bulk fermented at room
               | temperature for 1-4 hrs. Rye breads are a bit different
               | and the fermentation is staged over about 36hr, at room
               | temp.
        
             | dymk wrote:
             | Could a bread oven pack more efficiently than a pizza oven?
             | It seems easier to put a bunch of rectangular prisms in a
             | space compared to largeish disks
        
               | CrazyStat wrote:
               | If you're baking rectangular prisms you're competing with
               | $2 grocery store bread. To have a chance as an
               | independent baker you need to go after the more expensive
               | "artisan" type breads which are typically oblong or round
               | (boules) and not baked in a pan.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | There's plenty of "artisan" sandwich loaf, baked-in-a-pan
               | bread out there.
        
           | i_am_proteus wrote:
           | It may seem backwards, but it is forwards:
           | 
           | Total ingredient cost for a $3 loaf is about $0.75. Adding in
           | cracked grains or seeds brings it to c. $1.50 for a $5-6
           | loaf. Total ingredient cost for a $20 pizza is about $3. This
           | is for a "good" pizza. A Pizza Hut-grade pizza is probably
           | $1.50-$2.00 in ingredients and sells for $9-10.
           | 
           | Now: bakeries do not sell every loaf of bread they bake.
           | Quite a bit of bread goes stale, gets made into breadcrumbs,
           | thrown out, sold at discount, donated to food pantries.
           | 
           | Pizza has much less spoilage because of the process: most
           | ingredients, including the dough, are refrigerated. The dough
           | needs 48h (could be as short as 24h) to ferment, but then
           | stays good in the fridge for days. As long as you have a big
           | enough fridge, the inventory problem is pretty simple to
           | manage. Cured meats (sausage, pepperoni) have a long shelf
           | life with refrigeration, as does cheese. Vegetables also last
           | for days. The end result is that (albeit with some added
           | costs from refrigeration) you're able to make the products
           | on-demand as the orders come in. With bread, the product must
           | be prepared well in advance and there's more waste.
           | 
           | A well-run pizzeria is pretty lean on labor, too. Plenty of
           | pizzerias get by profitably with one or two men in the
           | kitchen and one man at the counter.
           | 
           | But if you don't believe me, believe the market: most bread
           | is produced industrially, sealed in plastic, and shipped to
           | retailers on trucks. Small profitable pizzerias are
           | ubiquitous.
        
             | phonypc wrote:
             | I'd love to see how one comes to these number. $0.75 is
             | either very expensive flour, or a very large loaf sold too
             | cheaply. Adding seeds (at what, 5-10% of the weight of the
             | flour?) to a loaf doubles the ingredient cost? Glancing at
             | bulk commercial prices, sesame seeds added at (the
             | unrealistically high) 20% of a loaf made with 500g flour
             | should be about $0.29. Poppy seeds almost gets you there if
             | you use the unusually high 2018 price, at $0.65.
             | 
             | $3 of bulk part-skim mozzarella is generously something
             | like 250g worth. That's skimpy for a large pizza. The rest
             | of the ingredients for this "good" pizza are free?
             | 
             | A bakery that's throwing out too much is baking too much,
             | or there's no market for their bread. That's nothing to do
             | with the margin on bread being thin. Small profitable
             | bakeries are ubiquitous where there's a market for them.
             | See: France.
        
               | slyall wrote:
               | When I worked at in an in-store Supermarket Bakery years
               | ago the target gross profit was 70%. So a $1 loaf would
               | have 30 cents worth of ingredients.
        
               | i_am_proteus wrote:
               | Typically the method used to get these numbers is
               | arithmetic. HG flour is $22 per 50# wholesale, bulk,
               | delivered. Organic HG is $48 for the same. A bag of flour
               | is about 30 loaves (we scale recipes to the 50# bag).
               | Typically the artisanal seed stuff will get the higher
               | grade flour.
               | 
               | Shredded mozzarella is $52 per 20# wholesale, bulk,
               | delivered.
               | 
               | Et cetera.
               | 
               | Certainly if you are in a different market, the economics
               | could be different.
               | 
               | Hope this helps you understand.
        
       | bar_de wrote:
       | Not a baker but very close to one.
       | 
       | Bakery is learned as apprenticeship in my home, i.e. 50% school
       | with other young bakers and the other half in the bakery which
       | took you in. This is a very classical education type for trades
       | called "Ausbildung". It takes 3 years and afterwards you can work
       | or become a master/"Meister" which takes two more years. A
       | Meister extends his knowledge and some years ago it was mandatory
       | by law to have finished your Meister to open your own business.
       | Personally this is a very good way to learn professional crafts
       | and you even get payed for it - even when in school.
       | 
       | The job market is not so nice as there are mainly bakery chains
       | which don't even hire bakers by education primarily due to higher
       | labor costs.
       | 
       | However, there are some bakers who create their own small shops
       | where they do everything by hand in contrast to the prefabricated
       | and highly optimized bakery chains. The small shops make
       | traditional bread, and you can taste it. Your stomach and
       | digestive system will probably like it, too.
       | 
       | Yes, it is a good career if you dare and risk opening your own
       | store. You will attract people by the quality of your product who
       | will, in exchange, not only become loyal customers but being the
       | supplier for bread in Germany is a highly valued profession - an
       | institution.
       | 
       | Good people get help by other good people. This is basic human
       | law. I feel having a platonic relationship with the baker I know
       | and he never has IT problems for long. :)
        
         | MegaDeKay wrote:
         | > but being the supplier for bread in Germany is a highly
         | valued profession - an institution
         | 
         | You are making a good point here. Different countries will
         | value quality bread and other types of baking much more than
         | others.
        
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