[HN Gopher] Army delays $22B augmented reality goggle program
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       Army delays $22B augmented reality goggle program
        
       Author : infodocket
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2021-10-15 15:55 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (federalnewsnetwork.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (federalnewsnetwork.com)
        
       | tech_timc wrote:
       | Some decent pictures in this story: https://www.thedrive.com/the-
       | war-zone/42739/army-halts-widel...
       | 
       | This seems important. . .
       | 
       | However, early prototype IVAS systems were simply not rugged
       | enough for operational use, with one iteration notably unable to
       | work in the rain. The Army has conducted more rigorous testing of
       | the latest version, with what it had indicated were positive
       | results. Soldiers have also experimented with using IVAS headsets
       | within vehicles and during airmobile operations.
       | 
       | Questions have also been raised about the conformal batteries
       | that soldiers need to carry in their gear to power the IVAS
       | headsets, both in regard to how long they can keep the systems
       | running and safety concerns about what might happen if they get
       | shot or otherwise damaged in combat. The Army has said in the
       | past that it has made progress on improving the capabilities of
       | the batteries and their resistance to incoming fire.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | I wonder what the cost/benefit curve is for lobbying from $0.
       | 
       | $22B is about $150 for every working American. It probably cost
       | Microsoft less than $1mm to lobby for this deal.
        
         | topkai22 wrote:
         | Statements like this imply that "lobbying" is the only reason
         | the government does anything. That, in my experience, is simply
         | not true. Government employees and even legislators are
         | motivated by accomplishing their mission. An augmented reality
         | system seems like an amazing tool to accomplish the Army's
         | mission- I really don't think anyone needed to lobby them to
         | much to be interested in an acquisition program.
        
         | aardvarkr wrote:
         | Prime content for /r/im14andthisisdeep right here. It easily
         | cost microsoft more than $1MM just to put together the proposal
         | alone, much less fight for it in front of technical audits and
         | careful scrutiny of every part of the project. Did you not read
         | the article, which made clear just how much scrutiny is being
         | applied to this deal? Do you think someone can just hand out a
         | million dollar check and be given $22B of work without being
         | qualified?
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | Not to nitpick but your post would stand on its own without
           | the insult in the first sentence.
        
           | kaycebasques wrote:
           | No need for the disrespectful tone. You're violating a lot of
           | HN's community guidelines:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | aardvarkr wrote:
             | Is having a disrespectful tone against the rules? Do I have
             | to respect a conspiratorial comment as anything more than a
             | shallow attempt to sow distrust against the government? I
             | posted a critical comment that pointed out a significant
             | flaw in his logic and I personally believe that it is
             | indeed prime content for /r/im14andthisisdeep due to OP's
             | shallow attempt to understand how the world of government
             | contracts and their callous disregard for any evidence to
             | back up their musings
        
               | kaycebasques wrote:
               | > Is having a disrespectful tone against the rules?
               | 
               | Yes. I will quote your original comment followed by the
               | guideline that you're violating.
               | 
               | > [You] Prime content for /r/im14andthisisdeep right
               | here.
               | 
               | > [Guideline] Be kind. Don't be snarky.
               | 
               | > [You] Do you think someone can just hand out a million
               | dollar check and be given $22B of work without being
               | qualified?
               | 
               | > [Guideline] Please respond to the strongest plausible
               | interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one
               | that's easier to criticize. Assume good faith.
               | 
               | > [You] Did you not read the article
               | 
               | > [Guideline] Please don't comment on whether someone
               | read an article.
               | 
               | Note that I'm not an admin of HN or anything. Just doing
               | my part to keep things civic.
        
         | edge17 wrote:
         | Kinda makes one wonder what all the fuss about billionaires
         | going to space is about. VR industry isn't exactly lacking in
         | private funding rightnow. My guess is that this money is
         | strategically aligned with shoring up chip manufacturing in the
         | US (since I am guessing all the parts for this will be required
         | to be sources domestically)
        
       | trident5000 wrote:
       | In what world does it take 22 billion dollars to develop an AR
       | goggle program. Its not a mystery why we have out of control
       | spending and certain groups lobby and get wonderfully rich off
       | the governments incompetence and corruption.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | In a world where engineers at MSFT make $300k+ - that pays ~70k
         | engineers for a year.
         | 
         | There are nowhere near 70k engineers working on this - I'd be
         | surprised if even 7k - but this has been in development for
         | years, and will be in development for a few more.
         | 
         | Depending on how many headsets they planned to deliver - I
         | wouldn't be surprised if they each cost more than $1k - there
         | are like 60k infantry soldiers - so that could easily cost
         | >$60M.
         | 
         | I'd imagine they spent >$100M lobbying on this and Jedi.
         | 
         | I can't see how this would cost anywhere near $22Bn - but
         | military contractors are known to have profit margins >30%.
         | 
         | I'm obviously missing a lot of things - but I wouldn't be
         | surprised if this cost MSFT >$10Bn.
        
           | texasbigdata wrote:
           | The headsets currently retail for $6k each and they are
           | consumer not military specs.
        
           | ahepp wrote:
           | $1k? I would guess $10k+
        
           | wespiser_2018 wrote:
           | The one piece of this that might end up costing a ton of
           | money is the testing using live soldiers. Each of those
           | deployments, along with all the heavy equipment is a lot of
           | money. I saw they already have 80k hours of soldier feedback,
           | so in part, that's where some of the money goes. The rest, of
           | course, is figuring out how to make the HoloLens light and
           | reliable, which no one has ever done. Idk, this could be a
           | huge money pit. The Army has tried this idea before and
           | failed. Now might be the time, or this could be another JSF
           | spending fiasco. Either way, MSFT is doing well.
        
           | wtf_is_up wrote:
           | >but military contractors are known to have profit margins
           | >30%.
           | 
           | Based on what data? Contract bidders must show all direct and
           | indirect costs and are typically allowed to price in ~10%
           | profit when submitting their proposal. In fact, you can look
           | at historical financial data for LMT, NOC, GD, etc and see
           | profit margin float around 7-10%. A proposal with 30% profit
           | margin baked in would be laughed out of the selection
           | committee.
        
           | cryptica wrote:
           | This is job creation porn. These engineers don't deserve any
           | public money, let alone to prop up their $300K per year
           | salaries.
           | 
           | Microsoft could get better engineers for cheaper. Including
           | within the US. The problem is that this isn't about
           | engineering. It's a scheme.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | If MSFT could get better engineers for cheaper - they
             | would. They're a business... Not a charity to engineers.
        
               | cryptica wrote:
               | This is BS. I know how the interview process works. All
               | these big corporations optimize their recruitment
               | processes around pedigree (matched to the curriculum of
               | top universities). They don't look at track record at
               | all; when track record is a far better indication of
               | future performance. That's why their engineers are so
               | incompetent and it costs so much money for them to
               | produce anything.
               | 
               | They have become so incompetent that they don't even have
               | the talent necessary to know what talent looks like when
               | recruiting.
               | 
               | Corporate engineers will never hire other engineers who
               | are better than them (for political reasons), so the
               | engineering talent in these companies has been degrading
               | for years as the bureaucracy and internal politics has
               | increased.
        
               | y4mi wrote:
               | > _when track record is a far better indication of future
               | performance_
               | 
               | Not all experience transfers over and developing
               | completely new technology (both hardware and software in
               | combination) is _extremely_ hard. I think you 're vastly
               | underestimating the value people get from these
               | university degrees when they're actually pioneering new
               | things and actually learned the topics they were taught.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | > They have become so incompetent that they don't even
               | have the talent necessary to know what talent looks like
               | when recruiting.
               | 
               | Do you work at MSFT? How do you know so much about their
               | competence?
        
               | zeusk wrote:
               | I work at MSFT, and all I can say is you're quite wrong
        
               | ahepp wrote:
               | You're comparing corporate big tech to what, the lean and
               | scrappy traditional military contractors? The level of
               | incompetence in the military sector (private and public)
               | is unfathomable unless you experience it in person.
        
         | wespiser_2018 wrote:
         | A maze or requirement, bureaucracy, and interoperability with
         | existing and TBD systems? Software is expensive to build.
         | Reliable software all that much more.
         | 
         | If you consider an alternative, just make an app and stick
         | phone on a rifle, sure, that will work for 90% of the stuff you
         | want to do, but it would break and that's bad. A true "heads up
         | display" that you can bet your life on, anywhere on earth, at
         | any time, is just a truly massive undertaking.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | > If you consider an alternative, just make an app and stick
           | phone on a rifle, sure, that will work for 90% of the stuff
           | you want to do, but it would break and that's bad.
           | 
           | Given that soldiers are currently getting by with something
           | that works 0% of the time, the assumption that 90% isn't good
           | enough seems highly suspect. Exactly how many more soldiers
           | will be saved by developing a true heads up display versus an
           | off the shelf app running on a ruggedized phone?
           | 
           | This seems like an obvious case of a failure to actually
           | define requirements and make real engineering decisions.
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | I'm sorry but even taking into account the clusterf*** of
           | government procurement this is a truly obscene price tag.
           | Even by government standards, this is ridiculous.
           | 
           | It's half as much as the development of the entire flipping
           | Space Shuttle. It's more than Apple's entire yearly R&D
           | budget. It's more than the James Webb Space Telescope and the
           | entire Hubble program (including operations and the repairs
           | that were needed post-launch) _combined_. It 's roughly the
           | cost of 8 Mars rovers of the same type as Curiosity /
           | Perseverance.
           | 
           | This is worse, even, than the Joint Strike Fighter program,
           | which at least started out reasonably with only a pair of 1
           | billion dollar grants handed out to Boeing and Lockheed to
           | develop two functional prototype fighter aircraft (never mind
           | how the costs spiraled later).
           | 
           | Setting aside the question of how much it should or shouldn't
           | cost to develop such a product, it's absolute insanity to do
           | it with a single massive project. The DoD loves to claim in
           | public they're trying to be more agile, and this is the
           | _exact opposite of that_. This ought to have been done $100
           | million (or less) at a time with limited initial scope and
           | incrementally expanding goals.
           | 
           | Don't make excuses for this. There is no possible
           | justification.
        
           | darkerside wrote:
           | In your simplest web software, there's the first 80% and the
           | second 80%. With projects like this, which are literally life
           | and death, there's many more 80%s to be considered and
           | executed.
           | 
           | Do you ask why space travel is expensive? It's arguably much
           | simpler than this is.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | If a rocket explodes, the astronauts die.
             | 
             | If a pair of goggles fails, the soldier takes them off.
             | 
             | These are the same people who equipped soldiers in Vietnam
             | with a rifle that jams due to mud. The idea that military
             | hardware has to be many times more reliable than space
             | hardware is absurd.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | Sometimes the rocket fails but the astronaut makes it
               | back (Apollo 13). Sometimes the goggles fail, and the
               | soldier misjudges a drop and breaks his leg, or walks
               | into a known blast radius and dies, or misidentifies and
               | kills a civilian.
               | 
               | Either way, if this is worth doing -- and I agree with
               | you that it's a big, big if -- it is worth doing right.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Astronauts surviving a failure is a once in a generation
               | event that gets memorialized forever in movies and
               | literature. Soldiers' equipment failing is a Tuesday.
               | 
               | Increased situational awareness has value, but it is a
               | clear case of diminishing returns. Exactly what the
               | cutoff ought to be is debatable, but that the cutoff
               | exists is certain.
        
             | wespiser_2018 wrote:
             | Agreed. We've been to space, understand the risks, and have
             | a decent understanding that X dollars pays for Y in LEO.
             | This is an almost entirely greenfield project, so who knows
             | if the deliverables will even be useful.
        
           | cryptica wrote:
           | We all have nuclear weapons, why do we need rifles and
           | infantry? This narrative is total BS. Is the goal to waste
           | money today in order to be able to waste even more money
           | later on countries like Iraq and Afganistan? We've seen what
           | those rifles are used for... These rifles would be more
           | useful to society if politicians would just shove them up
           | their ***!
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > true "heads up display" that you can bet your life on,
           | anywhere on earth, at any time, is just a truly massive
           | undertaking.
           | 
           | At some point you have to make a cost-benefit analysis and
           | look at the bigger picture. For example and in this
           | particular case, yes, spending let's say 10 billion instead
           | of 22 billion for a rougher solution might increase the dead
           | count on the battlefield in the near future, but if those 12
           | billion that you've now saved go to better free education at
           | home (more engineers in the future to design better weapons)
           | or/and to free healthcare (more fit soldiers in the future)
           | maybe it will all even out at a higher threshold.
        
         | ahepp wrote:
         | It was a competitive bidding process, no? I don't mean to
         | suggest there aren't huge problems with the army's acquisition
         | process, but it seems no one wanted to make them for less.
        
           | trident5000 wrote:
           | I dont think the list of contractors the Army considers is
           | very deep; its not competitive in a true sense. That may be
           | part of the problem.
        
             | ahepp wrote:
             | I think a lot of what stifles competition is the military
             | itself. They aren't a good customer. They have lots of
             | broken legacy systems. There are serious reputational
             | risks.
             | 
             | I don't really mean to suggest 22b is too low a cash prize,
             | but I imagine it takes a lot to overcome the barriers that
             | have been wilfully erected. Much less the ones discreetly
             | erected by incumbent military contractors.
        
         | jakey_bakey wrote:
         | Playing devils advocate here, Magic Leap has managed to burn
         | through $3.5 billion and has made no achievements of note -
         | instead of solving the two primary optics challenges of AR,
         | they allocated their capital to make blacks look slightly
         | blacker.
        
         | ydkme wrote:
         | Two thoughts:
         | 
         | - I'd be very surprised if Apple releases their AR headset
         | without a similar-size (70% or more) investment over the
         | preceding decade. RDT&E for environment-aware devices is
         | incredibly expensive.
         | 
         | - Defense funding and procurement amounts often shock those not
         | in the industry, but the truth is that the entire market for
         | most of what the DoD funds is...the DoD. Sure, a lot of the
         | components and IP can be reused in the commercial sector, but
         | for most programs the DoD has to fund both the initial R&D and
         | the unit sales, because the market is so much smaller and
         | device sales are heavily restricted (e.g. ITAR). The DoD also
         | has MUCH broader and stricter requirements for security,
         | safety, reliability, and compliance with a daunting array of
         | standards and processes than the commercial industry. To be
         | clear, this is on net a good thing for the DoD and by extension
         | the rest of the USA, but it does increase development costs.
         | 
         | Certainly there is profit being made by Microsoft here, that's
         | kind of the point of partnering with the DoD. But the intuitive
         | comparison of "DoD programs should cost the same as developing
         | a commercial equivalent" that many of us make is fundamentally
         | apples and oranges in both the product development and the
         | economics.
        
         | m0zg wrote:
         | I worked with a Federal Contractor once (you, as a rule, have
         | to go through a middleman to work with US Govt, and that's
         | where most of the profit ends up). Their requirement was that
         | we use their hardware in their datacenter to do our work and
         | never move data out of there. So they asked us for configs. I
         | priced it out, it came to something like $120K in total, sent
         | them the specs. They tore it up and bought $1.2M worth of
         | hardware instead. Insane CPUs, maxed out RAM, Infiniband, you
         | name it. We didn't need any of that. Literally 10x the price.
         | Ever since then I have extra bad taste in my mouth when filing
         | my taxes, and I know for a fact that merely passing money
         | through the government makes most of it disappear into a black
         | hole.
        
           | hooande wrote:
           | The tax dollars didn't completely disappear. They were used
           | to pay you and hundreds of thousands of others
        
             | m0zg wrote:
             | This is the classical "broken window fallacy", for which
             | there are multiple convincing refutations. I'm sure you can
             | find them yourself. But besides that, wouldn't you want
             | most of your tax money spent on the things it is
             | purportedly spent on (setting aside even whether spending
             | it on those things makes sense in the first place, which is
             | something we the people have zero control over), without
             | leaving most of it in the pockets of whoever owns the
             | federal contractor?
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | A good reminder that working at MSFT means that your code may one
       | day be applied in products used to conduct mass murder.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | So does working on Linux. Or like the 7zip lib.
        
           | memonkey wrote:
           | Think the difference is who is explicitly signing contracts.
        
         | teakettle42 wrote:
         | This is true working just about anywhere.
         | 
         | I'm far more concerned about the demand-side of this equation.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | > _This is true working just about anywhere._
           | 
           | I've worked at a lot of places, and none of the code I've
           | ever written has been used to conduct warfare.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | A good reminder that working at Bell Labs means that your phone
         | lines may one day be used by mass murderers.
         | 
         | Technology is amoral; the science of the atom is not evil just
         | because it led to the atomic bomb.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | General purpose technology is amoral; specialized tools are
           | not. Microsoft makes custom software for military
           | applications.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Remember, the F16 runs Kubernetes!
        
           | rmdashrfstar wrote:
           | https://gcn.com/articles/2020/01/07/af-
           | kubernetes-f16.aspx?m... What a world we live in...
           | 
           | Edit: here's the DOD case study by the CNCF:
           | 
           | https://www.cncf.io/case-studies/dod/
        
         | asah wrote:
         | By that logic, so does buying cereal and paying taxes.
        
         | keewee7 wrote:
         | I would be proud to code stuff that the Danish military and
         | allies use.
        
       | nova22033 wrote:
       | * "The devices met the Army's requirements of rugged, waterproof
       | and shockproof. But no one had considered, for example, that the
       | headsets needed to allow users to brace a rifle against a
       | cheek."*
       | 
       | I mean...
        
         | remarkEon wrote:
         | Yeah, tell me you don't have any former Infantrymen on your
         | product team without telling me you don't have any former
         | Infantrymen on your product team.
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | Designer's solution: a 3lb camera and battery pack you strap
           | onto the muzzle to give you a Picture-in-Picture boresight
           | reticle on your goggle lens.
        
             | Frost1x wrote:
             | Strap some remote firing mechanism on there and you can
             | setup little remote controlled booby traps while you're at
             | it.
        
       | fsagx wrote:
       | Seems like delay of such a big program would have at least a
       | little negative effect on MSFT, but there doesn't appear to have
       | been any at all.
        
         | darkerside wrote:
         | Maybe the good news they didn't cancel it offsets the bad news
         | that they postponed it
        
         | lucasmullens wrote:
         | Maybe MSFT is already locked in to the profits from the deal,
         | regardless of delays?
        
         | wtf_is_up wrote:
         | Gov't acquisition always involves shifts 'to the right'. Even
         | in 100x smaller programs than IVAS.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I recently bought my children an Oculus Quest because ...
       | nagging. And I was utterly blown away.
       | 
       | I understand why every billionaire is betting on this in some
       | way.
       | 
       | I would however put these goggles firmly in the camp of weapons
       | like the tank that fires hundreds of missiles that fly off
       | independently and destroy a hundred passing tanks. There is such
       | a distance from "kinda works in demo" to "killing active enemy"
       | that it is barely worth thinking about for five years or more.
       | 
       | I would have to put other projects up top like
       | 
       | - when all the civilian engine development turns to batteries and
       | electric, how the hell do we keep our planes trains and
       | automobiles running. Just how expensive will getting the gas get?
       | 
       | - Do ship defences really work? I would want to be pretty sure we
       | test fire every kind of drone and missile at real ships and see
       | if they shoot them down.
       | 
       | - In defiance of everything i wrote above, Apparently there is a
       | cool targeting sight that puts a red dot on where the bullet will
       | land based on distance, weather etc etc. It "apparently" makes
       | every squaddie a sniper and is going to roll out to US army real
       | soon. My question is once soldiers get out of a vehicle, how
       | lethal is the battlefield now? What's the survival time measured
       | in minutes under sniper and artillery fire? The last time the
       | battlefield was insanely lethal people just dig trenches to even
       | survive the day.
        
         | na85 wrote:
         | >The last time the battlefield was insanely lethal people just
         | dig trenches to even survive the day.
         | 
         | This occurred during a time when trenches actually protected
         | those soldiers. Modern artillery with GPS-guided rounds can not
         | only target a specific building (so far away that you need to
         | account for the rotation of the earth as it spins underneath
         | the round) but you can pick the window of the building you want
         | the round to go through.
         | 
         | For a fraction of the cost there's also the ol' hand-grenade-
         | duct-taped-to-a-quadcopter.
         | 
         | Hiding in a trench isn't really going to save anyone.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Can't do much about missiles but against quadcopters with
           | grenades just add a storm fence dome over your trench. And
           | unless the quadcopters get equipped with high strength wire
           | cutters they're not going to do much.
        
             | lifeisstillgood wrote:
             | first one blows up next to the fence, the rest go through
             | the hole?
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I don't think grenades can successfully punch large holes
               | into a storm fence. It's flexible and very little surface
               | to hit. They're affective against people because we
               | perforate easily.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | The answer to the trench storm fence with a (larger)
             | quadcopter is a fuel shower, promptly ignited. A sort of
             | flying molotov cocktail.
             | 
             | The target trench area/s would need something like a small
             | Phalanx CIWS to play defense.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | > For a fraction of the cost there's also the ol' hand-
           | grenade-duct-taped-to-a-quadcopter.
           | 
           | Its like people don't know we have CIWS or something.
           | 
           | Rockets flying at 500mph are shot down regularly by aimbot
           | defensive weapons. But suddenly a drone flying at 20mph is
           | too tough to handle?
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d_h5uqnYOI
           | 
           | --------
           | 
           | "Duct-taped grenade on drone" is just a crappy TOW missile.
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-71_TOW), which were around
           | in the 70s. That's not a new strategy. We have CIWS today
           | that provide mild-protection against weapons like this.
           | 
           | Wire-guided missiles are older than the TOW system. But I
           | assume most military buffs would know about the TOW.
           | 
           | EDIT: Wow, I knew that there were wire-guided missiles before
           | TOW. I didn't know that wire-guided missiles were in play in
           | Nazi Germany during WW2:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrstahl_X-4
           | 
           | In any case: the problem with pure wire-guided missiles is
           | that when people are shooting guns at you, and you're hiding
           | in a trench... fiddling around with a joystick trying to move
           | your "drone" (or wire-guided missile) to hit them is a lot
           | harder than it looks. Even if the enemy is the size of a tank
           | (remember: the tank is moving surprisingly fast)
           | 
           | TOW were optical-guided + wire-guided, meaning a computer
           | calculates the positioning, and you "only" need to point the
           | optical scanner towards your target, no joystick involved.
           | 1940s style joysticks being used in modern combat would be a
           | significant disadvantage compared to modern systems.
           | 
           | --------
           | 
           | EDIT2: CIWS is the big version we put onto the Iron Dome or
           | Cruisers / Supercarriers. Apparently the smaller version is
           | called APS (active protection system), when its put onto a
           | tank or IVF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JI0cYo6rag
           | 
           | -------
           | 
           | For an actual anti-tank weapon (or really, anti-anything
           | weapon), look up what TOW missiles can do today with their
           | simple point-and-shoot interfaces: https://www.popularmechani
           | cs.com/military/weapons/a17654/wat...
           | 
           | That's two explosions: once "over" the target, the TOW 2B
           | Missile (one of the many, many variants of TOW) explodes,
           | sending an armor-piercing round over the top of a tank where
           | the armor is weaker.
           | 
           | The 2nd explosion is the actual explosion designed to kill
           | the tank.
           | 
           | TOW missiles fly at 300m/s (or ~650+ miles per hour).
        
           | ortusdux wrote:
           | Air-burst rounds have definitely rendered trenches obsolete.
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/c17lPxF
        
             | pasabagi wrote:
             | Airburst rounds existed in WW1 too. The point is, you hide
             | in a bunker until the shelling is over, then you come up
             | and man positions before the enemy can reach your trenches,
             | or failing that, counterattack while they are cut off from
             | supplies and reinforcements.
        
               | jeffdn wrote:
               | Airburst rounds with timers set by calculation, not
               | airburst rounds that can blow up when they reach a
               | specific point determined by proximity, distance, GPS,
               | etc. It's a completely different kind of airburst.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | That's not how modern warfare works.
             | 
             | Air-burst rounds beat trenches.
             | 
             | Armor piercing rounds beat tanks (and bunkers).
             | 
             | So the solution: have tanks next to your trenches. If your
             | opponent loads air-burst rounds into their weapon, charge
             | at them with your tank.
             | 
             | If your opponent loads armor-piercing rounds into their
             | weapon, run into the trench. Armor-piercing (neither HEAT
             | nor Sabot) can do much vs a trench. (I'm ignoring the
             | AC-130, just assuming land-based combat for now cause
             | AC-130 is beaten by a totally different strategy: air
             | superiority)
             | 
             | ---------
             | 
             | "Combined arms". Your opponent has to load his weapon with
             | the right bullet for the right circumstance. Mix up your
             | strategies (both defensive and offensive strategies).
             | 
             | * HEAT-armor piercing loses to reactive armor on a tank.
             | 
             | * Reactive-armor loses to sabot-rounds.
             | 
             | * Sabot rounds lose to long-distance battle (air-resistance
             | slows down the round). HEAT is better at long-distance
             | (HEAT always was kinda slow: most of the "power" comes from
             | the explosion that occurs after-the-collision... which is
             | beaten by reactive armor).
             | 
             | You can't guard against everything. Instead, you rely upon
             | mixing up the strategies enough so that enemies are kept
             | "guessing" as to which weapon to load / unload.
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | It will once the various factories have been blown up.
           | Imagine they are in the short list.
        
         | mr_overalls wrote:
         | > The last time the battlefield was insanely lethal people just
         | dig trenches to even survive the day.
         | 
         | Trench warfare proliferated when a revolution in firepower was
         | unmatched by similar advances in mobility.
         | 
         | Most likely, ongoing advances in stealth, armor, area denial,
         | anti-drone tech, etc. will preclude its reappearance on the
         | battlefield.
        
           | Qworg wrote:
           | Also, among other things, laser guided airburst 40mm grenades
           | make trenches not a great option.
        
             | horsawlarway wrote:
             | I mean, shotguns also made trenches a really not great
             | option.
             | 
             | Bad enough that Germany literally tried to get them banned,
             | and considered them a violation of the Hague conventions...
             | 
             | Video games make a joke of shotguns, but they're
             | _disgustingly_ effective in real life.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | "On September 15, 1918, the German government officially
             | protested the use of the shotgun in a note verbale--an
             | unsigned diplomatic note--transmitted to the Spanish
             | Embassy in Berlin, then to the Swiss Embassy, and
             | eventually to the American legation in Berne, Switzerland.
             | The note asserted that the use of shotguns by U.S. forces
             | violated Article 23(e) of the 1899 and 1907 Hague
             | Conventions and warned that any American captured with a
             | shotgun or shotgun ammunition would be executed."
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | Trenches weren't even all that great at protecting people in
           | their days. What the multi-layer trench systems were good at
           | was more or less "making it hard for the enemy to hold this
           | territory for more than a few hours or days after taking it."
        
           | nvelty wrote:
           | During the more conventional phase of the 1st Chechen War,
           | the Chechens made good use of hastily dug zig-zag trenches to
           | limit the effects of Russian artillery and air support. The
           | real revolution now is the proliferation of precision weapons
           | and the use of drones to enable targeting for supporting
           | fires. The trench still matters, but now camouflage and
           | deception is equally important to prevent accurate targeting
           | of a position. The marines did some testing in a drone-
           | saturated environment and had to reshuffle their tactical
           | doctrine to put a much higher emphasis on immediately
           | camouflaging their position.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | There aren't really anymore advances in stealth and armor. If
           | anything anti-stealth and anti-armor tech is advancing much
           | more rapidly.
           | 
           | What is advancing is area denial, anti-drone tech, and active
           | protection systems.
        
             | nvelty wrote:
             | Stealth will always be important - it's just a numbers game
             | to try and optimize RCS vs an opponent's radar systems. The
             | big thing going forward will be creating resilient networks
             | of shooters/sensors. This is where drones will make their
             | money - spotting stuff via camera or radar for other manned
             | planes, SAMs, or artillery.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | It's not, actually. Minimizing RCS hits a hard,
               | unavoidable wall once the wavelength of the radar is
               | close to that of the object. So it's a matter of getting
               | large wavelength radars that are accurate enough.
        
         | nextaccountic wrote:
         | > There is such a distance from "kinda works in demo" to
         | "killing active enemy" that it is barely worth thinking about
         | for five years or more.
         | 
         | It depends on the level of investment. WW2 saw a tremendous
         | technological progress in 5 years because that was it took to
         | win the war. Nowadays, I don't see why AR would be so urgent.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | I am a little dubious about the "war makes technological
           | progress faster" meme. I think technology has a pace
           | determined mostly by physics and what is possible. War
           | perhaps only stops us getting in our own way( see torpedoes).
           | 
           | Just to (cherry) pick a few examples
           | 
           | - WW2 was not even going to start unless progress had
           | _already_ passed the point that doctrine could see a way past
           | the stalemate of the previous war. Germany had proven this
           | (to itself) in Spain in 1936 - that tanks with close air
           | support was now a viable thing at the divisional level.
           | Progress from the say Panzer II to IV was not  "quantum
           | leaps" but solid well tested progress as was similar Russian
           | tanks who were going up against them. Adding bigger engines
           | and more armour, or sloping armour. This was progress by
           | "failing fast". That is an organisational decision less than
           | a technical one. for example :
           | 
           | - Torpedoes : In the battle of midway US torpedoes frankly
           | did not work (it's a terrible thing to ask a pilot to fly low
           | and slow into AA fire and not give them a torpedo that
           | actually will shoot straight or explode on contact). That was
           | fixed in the latter part of the Pacific war but not because
           | of technological progress but organisational change. ie
           | firing everyone who thought there was no need to test
           | torpedoes by, you know, live firing even one.
           | 
           | - Manhattan Project. Yes and no I mean in early 1939 science
           | did not think it was actually possible to make a nuclear
           | bomb. After Piles' memo that changed and so there was a race
           | on. But the goal was so tempting / threatening that even
           | without a war it would still have been a major strategic
           | goal. just like Rockets
           | 
           | - Rockets. Frankly these are like VR glasses. Basically the
           | technology was just possible in the late 30s. And we would
           | have worked on it anyway - war or not. But despite going from
           | toy demo to actual bombs on London, they were ... well the V2
           | was the biplane compared to the Apollo 20 years later. It was
           | not war that made rockets go up, it was funding.
           | 
           | War perhaps gives a focus to develop _at a pace_ that would
           | not be seen otherwise, but the space race showed you can do
           | it without an actual live war-
           | 
           | Technology cannot be forced -the materials science or energy
           | equations either make it possible or not. No amount of
           | investment in 1917 would have made a Panzer tank by 1920. You
           | also could not turn a V2 into Apollo by 1950.
           | 
           | Ultimately my view is that war strips away the self-serving
           | excuses that organisations build up around why their progress
           | is slow. It makes things faster because it gives clear
           | unmistakable feedback (see torpedoes) and focuses funding,
           | prioritisation and talent.
           | 
           | It seems it would be nice if we could find ways to improve
           | our organisations without the deaths of millions.
           | 
           | Thank you had not thought about that before.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | > Ultimately my view is that war strips away the self-
             | serving excuses that organisations build up around why
             | their progress is slow. It makes things faster because it
             | gives clear unmistakable feedback (see torpedoes) and
             | focuses funding, prioritisation and talent
             | 
             | Counter examples on both sides in WWII: A) The allied
             | bombing campaign that failed to meet its strategic
             | objectives for almost the whole duration of the war. B) The
             | continued German development of strategically insignificant
             | terror weapons (especially the V2). The bombing campaign
             | did finally flatten German industry and transport, but not
             | until the Germans were obviously going to lose anyway, in
             | very late 1944 / early 1945. Its first several years had
             | very little strategic effect but cost vast numbers of lives
             | on both sides.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | RangerScience wrote:
         | Having worked in AR, the first place to use it in the military
         | isn't in weapons; but rather training, logistics and
         | construction.
        
         | paul7986 wrote:
         | Would you want to virtually co-work with your co-workers
         | Memojis using the oculus T instead of working in an office with
         | them and or remotely from your couch no VR?
        
         | duped wrote:
         | I think if you return to first principles, where the military
         | exists as a tool of the state to conduct policy through
         | violence (or threat of it) then most of the projects don't make
         | sense given the abject failure of the military to achieve
         | success over the last few decades.
         | 
         | A better use of technology for this kind of policy would be on
         | offensive and defensive cyber capabilities, control and
         | monitoring of social or media networks and telecommunications.
         | The CCP seems to understand that those are better tools for
         | conducting diplomacy with 21st century violence more than
         | making it easier for a soldier to hit someone with a bullet,
         | since that is mostly a solved problem (shoot more of them and
         | care less about who they hit)
        
           | goagw wrote:
           | Defensive cyber capabilities make sense but I dont know what
           | offensive capabilities means when you are just completely cut
           | off from Chinese networks. Maybe shoot a few Zuckerbergs into
           | China or something...
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | The US navy does test its weapons in live fire demonstrations
         | for both offensive and defensive systems, and includes drones
         | and other asymetric deliveries. You can find some cool videos
         | on YouTube.
         | 
         | Source: built one such system for US Navy.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | I think the real concern is that such live fire tests have
           | been unrealistically small with only a few target drones at a
           | time. There has never been a real all-up fleet defense
           | exercise with hundreds of high speed antiship missiles coming
           | in simultaneously from multiple axes. They run electronic
           | simulations of those scenarios all the time but doing it for
           | real would cost billions.
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | I've heard the contract team (PMs) over-promised (as usual)
       | literal SciFi features that can't physically be implemented
       | (especially around the size of the helmet).
       | 
       | Engineers on the project are leaving in droves (we got a couple
       | interviewing for us, but I presume a lot more are just moving
       | internally) to avoid the crunch and (likely) eventual crash &
       | burn (because if they can't physically implement the requirements
       | today I doubt they'll breakthrough in a year).
        
         | Frost1x wrote:
         | I've had multiple recruiters contact me this week representing
         | contractual organizations working directly on and with aspects
         | of IVAS.
         | 
         | AR, VR, sensor technology, battery technology and portable
         | computing have come a long way for certain, but most of what's
         | being promised is just grandiose.
         | 
         | I'm always surprised at how much snake oil and empty promises
         | the federal government keeps buying in bulk. I realize why the
         | DoD wants to invest in this, because you should to stay current
         | if not ahead of adversaries, but why do they have to push it as
         | a development effort when it's really a lot of research and
         | exploratory engineering work. Does it take take big promise to
         | get adequate funding for slightly less grandiose but still
         | cutting edge work?
         | 
         | The older I get, the more tired I get of the constant oversell
         | in technology.
        
       | frashelaw wrote:
       | Horrifying to imagine such technology in the hands of the US
       | military. The rest of the world dreads the death and destruction
       | that will result from this, while brainwashed Americans cheer
       | them on.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | This is just BS equipement. I mean you can't even wear ordinary
         | glasses with a helmet without it getting in the way, bouncing
         | around, fogging ... and they need no USB charging.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | I'm American and I don't consider myself to be brainwashed nor
         | do I find anything horrifying about this technology being
         | deployed by our military or by anyone else's military. I think
         | that once you have developed tech like this it is inevitable
         | that someone down the line will attempt to fit it into their
         | own use case.
         | 
         | For heads-up goggles that incorporate real-time information and
         | allow a user to understand more about their local environment
         | than they could with their natural senses I think it is
         | inevitable that a military use case would be high on the list.
         | Once something like this is deployed by one nation, others find
         | themselves needing to develop similar tools to maintain parity
         | and they will focus their attention on meeting that goal or
         | they will attempt to purchase or steal this tech from those
         | that already have it.
         | 
         | Will that lead to more destruction, more control of the globe
         | by America? Is the rest of the world shivering in their boots
         | at the thought that American troops may eventually deploy with
         | these cool goggles? I doubt it.
         | 
         | I don't know where you are from and I'm not in the habit of
         | scouring other people's post histories in an attempt to find a
         | reason to disagree with them or to criticize them. I just think
         | you may be being a bit hyperbolic here and that you are failing
         | to consider that the US military will not be the only military
         | actively utilizing this tech.
         | 
         | I think we should all, regardless of where we are from and
         | where we call home, be mindful that a lot of the technology
         | being developed in Silicon Valley and other tech hubs will have
         | a potential military use case and that some of it will be
         | actively financed and supported by governments to that end,
         | knowing that there will also be civilian use cases that can be
         | explored and commercialized.
         | 
         | There is an active tech trend of improving tools that can be
         | used for active surveillance of civilian populations; improving
         | methods of identifying individuals who buy and use common
         | products so that you can either slam them with ads for your
         | product or use more discreet tools to suggest that they should
         | switch products; developing technology that has the effect of
         | throwing all of us into the pool of potential suspects, etc.
         | 
         | Those things worry me more than any goggles will.
         | 
         | A lot of people here on HN work writing the code that robs us
         | all of our privacy rights, our individuality, our ability to
         | live what used to be normal lives in relative obscurity. Those
         | are the things that I consider more subversive since the people
         | know in advance how their tool will be used and they actively
         | work to optimize the functionality that in some cases actively
         | destroys society and any sense of community that we formerly
         | enjoyed.
         | 
         | Perhaps a trip to the mirror is in order? You can answer that
         | for yourself better than I can.
        
       | Shadonototra wrote:
       | why title omits "Microsoft", don't want to hurt that company
       | stock market?
        
       | deeviant wrote:
       | An actual news worthy event would be something like, "The Army's
       | $XXB project two months ahead of schedule, and 5 billion under
       | budget".
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | That headline would be buried under reports of flying pigs,
         | various people rising from graves, Hell freezing over, etc etc.
         | But i might get my pink unicorn at long last.
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | While reading about this over at The War Zone* I found a video of
       | "enhanced night vision" which looked very cool:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Poi0bOi91X8
       | 
       | *https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42739/army-halts-widel...
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | Two things have kept "good enough" versions of these kinds of
       | systems from being widely deployed:
       | 
       | 1) Batteries are inherently dismal, and getting enough of a sci-
       | fi aesthetic and feature set to wow the military brass will
       | always demand enough power to be at the edge of battery logistics
       | hell
       | 
       | 2) Infantrymen will destroy any cable you come up with in five
       | minutes
        
         | sonthonax wrote:
         | In all fairness, trying to keep cables intact that are plugged
         | into an overpacked rucksack and are attached to your head is
         | pretty hard for anyone.
        
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