[HN Gopher] CFTC Orders Tether and Bitfinex to Pay Fines Totalin...
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       CFTC Orders Tether and Bitfinex to Pay Fines Totaling $42.5M
        
       Author : VHRanger
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2021-10-15 15:34 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cftc.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cftc.gov)
        
       | unreal37 wrote:
       | No regulator or government official wants to see Tether
       | destroyed, so they have to act all shocked and surprised before
       | moving on to the next Facebook Privacy scandal.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | Tether's collapse will be to Mt. Gox what Little Boy was to a
       | firecracker.
        
         | randomhodler84 wrote:
         | I'm not so sure it will collapse (now), this settlement adds
         | legal clarity. The CFTC has set their parameters in the
         | settlement and will enforce compliance, BitFinex/Tether paid a
         | fine. Tether will be stronger through greater reserve and
         | investment grade requirements, and more transparent.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Nah it certainly doesn't. This only covers up to February
           | 2018. At the time they only had $2B in issued USDT, and of
           | course, they remain under investigation by the DOJ and SEC.
        
             | randomhodler84 wrote:
             | Fair enough, I guess there are other battles still at play.
             | Let's see where this goes :-)
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Every day is a fresh adventure haha.
        
         | reginold wrote:
         | Open question: Has this been priced in by the market?
        
           | axiosgunnar wrote:
           | Everything has always been priced in by the market
        
             | Macha wrote:
             | Of course "the market" is people, and algorithms watching
             | what the people and other algorithms do, so is not immune
             | from excessive optimism or pessimism, as the stock market
             | should demonstrate
        
           | null_shift wrote:
           | One would assume so. Interesting to see the price rise in
           | advance of the announcement. Maybe this punishment was seen
           | as less severe than it could have been?
        
             | c-fe wrote:
             | I think the price rise in advance of the annoucement may
             | have more to do with the approval of bitcoin ETFs, there
             | are some news about that..
        
             | davidgerard wrote:
             | The price rise was a Tether-fueled pump. Someone poured $1b
             | of stablecoins into a single purchase to pump the price.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | You mean someone gave 1 billion of tether to buy bitcoin?
        
           | WalterSear wrote:
           | It's not remotely priced in.
           | 
           | The BTC price is currently held up by USDT inflows, rather
           | than USD. Tether issuance notifications are the most reliable
           | leading indicator in crypto: they are all you need to trade
           | BTC.
           | 
           | Most people in crypto aren't even aware of the problem. Most
           | of the ones that are, refuse to accept the situation and get
           | very emotional when it's brought up.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | If Tether went to zero today, what would the true price of
             | BTC be?
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | It's very difficult to say because the waterfall of
               | cascading liquidations would shut down exchanges. It
               | would take quite a while for things to settle down enough
               | for a real fiat market to exist. The whole market is
               | propped up by stacked leverage.
        
               | WalterSear wrote:
               | Given that it's being issued specifically to manipulate
               | the market (it's not just a 'whale'), and the fact it's
               | involved in 70% of crypto trades, I can't see a way to
               | put a floor on it.
        
             | reginold wrote:
             | Neat where do you track Tether issuance notifications?
        
               | WalterSear wrote:
               | Twitter bots are easiest, though they come and go. But
               | you can see the issuing wallet here:
               | 
               | http://omniexplorer.info/lookupadd.aspx?address=3MbYQMMmS
               | kC3...
               | 
               | Or visit Tether's site:
               | 
               | https://wallet.tether.to/transparency
        
               | abrodersen wrote:
               | The canonical method would be to call the `totalSupply()`
               | method on Tether's ERC20 contract.
        
           | webinvest wrote:
           | You can answer this question yourself by comparing the
           | borrowing rates of USDC, DAI, USDT, BUSD, and GUSD. You can
           | learn more by plotting the interest rate basis point spread
           | on a time-series line chart. If the borrow rate for USDT was
           | 18%, the borrow rate for USDC was 6%, and the borrow rate for
           | DAI was 4%, what would that tell you?
        
       | NicoJuicy wrote:
       | I'm really disappointed that the EU hasn't launched an
       | investigation yet ( at least, not that I heard)
       | 
       | Should have been done 5 years ago.
        
       | jdsully wrote:
       | > Tether held sufficient fiat reserves in its accounts to back
       | USDT tether tokens in circulation for only 27.6% of the days in a
       | 26-month sample time period from 2016 through 2018
       | 
       | With how shady they acted I would have assumed that number was
       | 0%. A bit shocked it wasn't a total scam to be honest, even if
       | they did misrepresent that it was in fiat not risky investment
       | assets.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | The longer you keep a scam running the more you can make out of
         | it.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | CFTC/FDIC/OCC/NYAG/Congress/all bank users: Collateral
         | requirements for everything we regulate are like 4%. You need
         | $4000 to trade with $100,000.
         | 
         | Also everyone: omg tether was not 100% collateralized by fiat
         | dollars at all times, sometimes, but also not at all times!
         | 
         | I just feel like the arguments are weak. Tether was
         | controversial because it was centralized at all and requires
         | ongoing trust and its collateral is not verifiable except by
         | the state's subpoenas. Then the argument moved to something
         | much more .... tolerant of their existence but requires
         | completely ignoring how all the rest of finance works to make
         | it an issue with Tether. Strange. At this point I can
         | acknowledge that the market can bear it. Tether, like
         | everything non-crypto, are vulnerable to bank runs, and that
         | works. If people actually wanted fiat, then Tether could be in
         | trouble. But Tether users do not want fiat and redemptions
         | barely occur. People don't want to accept the reality that
         | Tether actually works as stated. Like if you just assume it
         | works as described, using the investigations of multiple US
         | agencies, then it makes sense! Tethers are created when people
         | deposit fiat on Bitfinex, deposit directly with the Tether
         | issuer, sometimes by Tether issuer when Tether trades at a
         | premium (in exchange for other cryptos that are not dollars),
         | and _sometimes_ arbitrarily. But its better to assume the first
         | 3 everytime a big tether print occurs, than to _always_ assume
         | the last one, because the formers are what all the US
         | regulators and enforcement agencies have also found to have
         | occurred most of the time. Not that hard. It is a trusted
         | system, like everything else we are used to. They change their
         | contract to reflect any deviation from 100% usd
         | collateralization and that 's not that controversial.
         | Fractional systems also work. Ideology doesn't make something
         | else suddenly not work.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | > Also everyone: omg tether was not 100% collateralized by
           | fiat dollars at all times, sometimes, but also not at all
           | times!
           | 
           | The key point is that it wasn't fully backed _and Tether
           | represented that it was_ : "Tether misrepresented to
           | customers and the market that Tether maintained sufficient
           | U.S. dollar reserves to back every USDT in circulation with
           | the "equivalent amount of corresponding fiat currency" held
           | by Tether and "safely deposited" in Tether's bank accounts.
           | In fact Tether reserves were not "fully-backed" the majority
           | of the time."
           | 
           | Tether can either do a sort of fractional banking or not, but
           | what they're getting fined for is lying about it.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | Yes. To me, its more like they leaned into what the
             | assumptions about them because they couldn't shake the
             | assumptions. As in, at first they were doing what they said
             | and people complained anyway, so then they did what people
             | were complaining about because it was a conveniently
             | awesome amount of money and people kept complaining, so
             | then they changed their legal contract to reflect that they
             | _can be_ what people complain about, the state investigated
             | and found the period of time where they did what people
             | complained about and had not updated their legal contract
             | yet.
        
               | SantalBlush wrote:
               | The assumptions were that they were committing financial
               | fraud. That's not something you just "lean into."
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | "Everyone thought I was lying so I decided to prove my
               | detractors correct" is just lying to your customers with
               | extra steps.
               | 
               | "Because you thought I (cheated on you|took drugs|did
               | crimes) and I hadn't, I decided I might as well do it for
               | real, so there's no harm done" is not a defense, it's a
               | hollow self-justification.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I'm not an apologist for them, I just don't care that
               | they lied. Corporations lie and that's not controversial
               | to me. They settled, with another US authority, the
               | matter over their reserves is resolved - for that time
               | period and legal agreement, the same standard applied to
               | every other institution in the financial services sector.
               | If you want a chronology of events, I offered it.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | > To me, its more like they leaned into what the
               | assumptions about them because they couldn't shake the
               | assumptions
               | 
               | Ah yes, the reasonable defense of "Your honor, I only
               | robbed the bank because someone thought I was going to.
               | Therefore, it's not my fault."
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | its not a defense, I'm not an apologist. corporations
               | lie. I don't actually find that controversial maybe
               | because we are not 4 years old anymore. this is what
               | happened, they settled, does your passion over how you
               | frame this topic actually matter?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | you literally explained a completely nonsensical reason
               | as to why they did what they did. call it whatever you
               | want...
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | its not different than someone that everyone
               | overwhelmingly trusts was found to have moved the
               | reserves.
               | 
               | here everyone just expected them to be doing that, and
               | eventually they did it, not different than someone nobody
               | expected to be doing that eventually being found to have
               | done it as well. these cases prove that at one point they
               | had not, even when everyone assumed they were. its like
               | taking a time machine back to 2016 and telling people
               | "hey actually they're fully backed", its interesting to
               | find out, from the state's investigations, that they
               | actually were.
               | 
               | thats the only chronology I explained.
               | 
               | lets play a new game: what's _inaccurate_ about what I
               | said? seems like thats a much more productive discussion.
               | 
               | the reason I think the distinction matters is because its
               | resolved now. And that resolution involves Tether still
               | existing. So our passion about a systemic threat to
               | crypto and maybe the broader financial system will not
               | involve the state doing something about that. which is
               | fairly important to understand, both for your decision to
               | use it even if briefly, or for espousing your passion
               | about why others shouldn't use it.
        
               | lvs wrote:
               | Leaned into assumptions? Come on. It's just called lying.
               | End of story.
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | I sympathize with the observation of hypocrisy, but disagree
           | that this excuses Tether. The USD note once featured the
           | words, "This certifies that there has been deposited...
           | payable to the bearer on demand". At least in this case the
           | offending text was removed.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_d.
           | ..
           | 
           | >In February 1965, President Charles de Gaulle announced his
           | intention to exchange its U.S. dollar reserves for gold at
           | the official exchange rate. He sent the French Navy across
           | the Atlantic to pick up the French reserve of gold and was
           | followed by several countries. As it resulted in considerably
           | reducing U.S. gold stock and U.S. economic influence, it led
           | U.S. President Richard Nixon to end unilaterally the
           | convertibility of the dollar to gold on August 15, 1971 (the
           | "Nixon Shock"). This was meant to be a temporary measure but
           | the dollar became permanently a floating fiat money and in
           | October 1976, the U.S. government officially changed the
           | definition of the dollar; references to gold were removed
           | from statutes.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exorbitant_privilege
           | 
           | There is some irony in the US gov objecting to Tether's
           | methods. While the USD is backed by what exactly? What are
           | these reserves of the Federal Reserve? Meanwhile, the 1
           | trillion dollar platinum coin is being proposed. Yes, it is
           | fair to say Tether is guilty of having insufficient reserves.
           | But how meaningful is it to say that they have insufficient
           | reserves of an unbacked currency?
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | > But how meaningful is it to say that they have
             | insufficient reserves of an unbacked currency?
             | 
             | Because being backed by USD reserves is their whole (self
             | reported) value proposition and the supposed reason why 1
             | USDT == 1 USD on the open market. If this is all false,
             | USDT should float relative to USD like any other crypto
             | equity.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | >There is some irony in the US gov objecting to Tether's
             | methods. While the USD is backed by what exactly?
             | 
             | It's backed by the obligation to repay roughly $50 trillion
             | (private plus public debt). I honestly don't get how people
             | misunderstand the new system. The money system is quite
             | simple. Money is just the liquid portion of credit and
             | credit has value because a debtor has obligated himself to
             | accept credit as payment.
             | 
             | A business isn't accepting USD because it has faith in the
             | USD, it's because it is in debt and needs to earn the money
             | back by providing goods and services or alternatively it
             | needs the money to buy products and services from other
             | companies that are in debt.
             | 
             | The way tether is run is quite strange. It's not a bank so
             | people expect it to have a reasonable amount of cash
             | reserves or alternatively they expect tether to declare
             | that they do not intend to hold cash reserves and that
             | holding tethers has a completely different risk profile
             | than holding USD which also means it would have its own
             | exchange rate vs USD instead of 1:1.
             | 
             | >Meanwhile, the 1 trillion dollar platinum coin is being
             | proposed
             | 
             | That's just a hack to get around a self imposed debt
             | ceiling. Everyone knows it's stupid. Blame the bigger
             | idiots in congress that want it to be necessary.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Once again, this demonstrates a complete misunderstanding of
           | fractional reserve banking. Fractional reserve banking is how
           | new money enters the financial system. When you borrow money
           | for, say, a mortgage, new money is created - alongside a
           | liability on the banks books. [edit: This liability is what
           | gives fiat value - money is always 100% backed by the demand
           | for that money].
           | 
           | As you pay off your loan, the new money that was created is
           | destroyed.
           | 
           | This is how the money supply is actively managed, it's not
           | some tinfoil hat conspiracy haha.
           | 
           | There is also a 1/2 trillion dollar fund (FDIC) and a
           | _further_ 1 /2 trillion dollar line of credit at the Fed to
           | ensure depositor funds are secure.
           | 
           | The federal reserve, created via act of congress, exists to
           | manage the money supply - to maintain a low, fixed rate of
           | inflation and maximum employment. These two features are
           | correlated, by the way, as you can see in the Philips curve.
           | 
           | Now, Tether on the other hand is just printing fake money to
           | pump up the market to benefit themselves and a small cabal of
           | crypto holders who recognized early on the liquidity did not
           | exist to support their desired level of wealth.
           | 
           | They lie about it regularly - in fact their announcement of
           | _this settlement_ included a bald faced lie.
           | 
           | > Tether: "As to the Tether reserves, there is no finding
           | that tether tokens were not fully backed at all times--simply
           | that the reserves were not all in cash and all in a bank
           | account titled in Tether's name, at all times."
           | 
           | > CFTC: "In fact Tether reserves were not "fully-backed" the
           | majority of the time."
           | 
           | This is the central bank of crypto, 85% of all trading volume
           | is against USDT, and they have shown themselves to be the
           | least trustworthy entity in the world. Just a new Liberty
           | Reserve.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | We are talking about totally different things, and I have
             | absolutely no issue with fractional reserve banking and
             | have no conspiracy laden issue or understanding of it.
             | 
             | What you mentioned happens. And requires a charter from
             | governments to occur.
             | 
             | What I mentioned happens too. And simply relies on the
             | tolerance of the market.
             | 
             | One is about banks.
             | 
             | Another is about the amount of unsecured leverage that all
             | individuals and entities can operate with, and whether
             | their counterparties need disclosure or not.
             | 
             | "Fractional reserve" in this context, is more about the
             | ratio of collateral, used colloquially for quicker
             | understanding. "Loan to value" could be helpful for other
             | people to understand. "margin requirements" for other
             | people.
             | 
             | I am only referencing the reality that individuals,
             | businesses, and almost any kind of entity, can have a lower
             | value of assets redeemeable for any liability they issue or
             | accrue. It can be a "fraction" or their "reserves".
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | The "charter of the government" is the difference between
               | kidnapping and an arrest.
               | 
               | We've long since given up on the idea that anyone should
               | be able to do whatever they want no matter who it harms.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Many financial infractions operate in a different reality
               | that has no analogy to non-financial criminal law.
               | 
               | You are focusing far too much on the marketing that uses
               | the terms currency. Any individual or corporation is
               | capable of creating a product said to be redeemable for
               | something in their treasury. This has nothing to do with
               | the parallels to the federal reserve when corporation
               | calls its product a stablecoin or dollar-like. All
               | settlements with Tether's companies have been
               | _exclusively_ related to the reality that the corporation
               | 's product was not in fact redeemable for the thing they
               | said it was. That is the only issue, every authority that
               | matters has said that was the only issue. Both crypto
               | twitter as well as blockchain skeptic's opinion doesn't
               | matter here. Their armchair legal analysis don't matter.
               | Their comparisons to the state-monopoly on currency
               | issuance doesn't matter. The corporation having marketing
               | and legal agreements that accurately describe what their
               | product can be redeemed for, if anything at all, simply
               | has to be congruent with reality. That's the totality of
               | the sanction from the CFTC, and the same with the NYAG at
               | one state level. But I will give you one bone, and that's
               | the reality that the DOJ can of course come with a
               | parallel criminal prosecution for the same activity. So
               | if that will validate your thoughts on anything, just
               | wait for that if it ever comes. I'm not worried about
               | "being right", only saying what this settlement is
               | saying.
        
           | randomhodler84 wrote:
           | Yeah! And the reserve requirements were suspended during the
           | pandemic for banks anyway. Tether is, at least on chain,
           | completely open and auditable. You can trace every token, in
           | ways the global banking system is opaque. A fine, some regs
           | and compliance, and capital still flows.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | Well, it'd be pretty easy to partially back tether.
         | 
         | Create new tether, declare 1:1 fiat, sell new tether for 1 fiat
         | each.
         | 
         | It only really becomes a problem if they're trying to be
         | completely backed, as new tether isn't an option then.
        
       | asah wrote:
       | The takeaway: tether executives are explicitly engaging in
       | dangerous and shady behavior, and you can't trust any statements
       | made by them.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | > Totaling $42.5M
       | 
       | Which is essentially peanuts for the folks being Tether who will
       | chalk it up to "cost of doing business".
       | 
       | How do people come up with theses "punitive" numbers?
        
       | codebolt wrote:
       | This was my favorite part, just wow:
       | 
       | > Further, at least until 2018, Respondent's internal accounting
       | system for tracking fiat balances, including bank balances for
       | USDt reserves, primarily consisted of a spreadsheet (the "Reserve
       | Spreadsheet"). The Tether executive team was ultimately
       | responsible for the Reserve Spreadsheet. The Reserve Spreadsheet
       | required manual updates and was not always kept up to date in
       | real time. Respondents were aware of the limitations of the
       | Reserve Spreadsheet. For example, in an internal chat on June 15,
       | 2016, Tether's then-Chief Strategy Officer informed Respondents'
       | CFO and other employees stated that the: "transparency page needs
       | to be dealt with ASAP . . . I am surprised the issuance address
       | is not updated dynamically, btw . . . and how often does the bank
       | balance get updated?"
        
       | humaniania wrote:
       | And crypto manipulators are trying to spin the recent price
       | increase as positive news with absolutely no regard to how a
       | similar price ramp up happened on MTGOX before it went down
       | completely from insolvency. Has Bitfinex pricing decoupled from
       | the prices on legit exchanges yet?
        
         | webinvest wrote:
         | MTGOX was essentially one large bug bounty for any hacker that
         | had the means and ways of collecting the jackpot. Once the bug
         | bounty was several million dollars...
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | No, no decoupling.
         | 
         | I wondered if the runup was like MTGOX. It's plausible, but if
         | so then someone is providing the dollars for everyone selling
         | into USD on Coinbase etc. Whereas MTGOX's prices were all self
         | referential right? By the time it started freezing up
         | 
         | One other possibility is that Tether is playing the CME futures
         | and making money from the pump up. I suspect they're insolvent
         | but it's possible they aren't and are merely crooks. The crypto
         | markets interface with real money now
        
       | arcticbull wrote:
       | This settlement only covers up until February 2018. At that time
       | they only had $2B-ish in issued Tethers (as compared to $65B ish
       | now). $850M of their assets were seized in an AML sting shortly
       | after that, in mid 2018 [1], they've been fined $42.5M [this
       | article and 2] by the CFTC and another $18.5M by the NYAG [3].
       | 
       | Basically they've had to forfeit almost half of their assets up
       | to [edit] Mid-2018.
       | 
       | They remain under investigation for bank fraud by the DOJ [4] and
       | for something unspecified by the SEC. [5]
       | 
       | I suspect this party is just beginning.
       | 
       | [edit] By the way, I love how each party here is framing this.
       | 
       | > Tether: "As to the Tether reserves, there is no finding that
       | tether tokens were not fully backed at all times--simply that the
       | reserves were not all in cash and all in a bank account titled in
       | Tether's name, at all times."
       | 
       | > CFTC: "In fact Tether reserves were not "fully-backed" the
       | majority of the time."
       | 
       | [1] https://fortune.com/2019/05/03/cryptocurrency-new-york-
       | attor...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/10/15/cftc-fines-
       | tether...
       | 
       | [3]
       | https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/2021.02.17_-_settlemen...
       | 
       | [4] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/26/doj-reportedly-probes-
       | crypto...
       | 
       | [5] https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/09/24/sec-hints-at-
       | teth...
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Have there been any updates on where the $850m that's been
         | seized is sitting?
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | Do we know the money was actually seized? Last I'd heard the
           | Tether (or maybe Bitfinex?) CEO had told the NYAG office the
           | missing $850 million kept in a Panama(?) bank had been seized
           | in an AML sting but I'm not sure whether that story was ever
           | corroborated?
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | $371m was seized by Poland: https://www.financemagnates.com
             | /cryptocurrency/news/bitfinex...
             | 
             | Haven't heard much specific about the rest.
        
         | swang wrote:
         | the $850M number you're talking about is the amount that
         | Bitfenix gave Tether through Crypto Capital to cover for losses
         | and/or missing money. the $18.5M was the fine they paid the
         | NYAG for covering up that transaction.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | That's the amount that Bitfinex took from Tether to remain
           | solvent after the $850M was seized from Crypto Capital Corp
           | in the money laundering sting. Bitfinex wrote them an IOU for
           | it. But of course that money didn't exist anymore, it was
           | taken by various world governments, and BFX and Tether have
           | the same owners.
           | 
           | Bitfinex and Tether are the same company, roughly speaking,
           | and I do believe they co-mingled their funds at times.
           | 
           | This is covered in section III of the NYAG settlement [3].
           | 
           | Depends how you slice it I guess.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | > reserves were not all in cash and all in a bank account
         | titled in Tether's name, at all times
         | 
         | Truly a bizarre statement for Tether to make. are they counting
         | bank accounts in other people's names? How would that affect
         | the question at hand.
         | 
         | This sounds like junkie logic.
        
           | davidgerard wrote:
           | > are they counting bank accounts in other people's names?
           | 
           | yes, it was a personal account in the name of iFinex general
           | counsel Stuart Hoegner.
           | 
           | And various holdings at non-banks, e.g. the $850m that
           | disappeared at Crypto Capital Corp.
        
           | newfonewhodis wrote:
           | "All[1] of our[2] coins are backed[3] one-to-one[4] by
           | USD[5]".
           | 
           | [1] Not really though
           | 
           | [2] Yours really
           | 
           | [3] Not in a way you'd think
           | 
           | [4] Approx but we can't tell you exactly how much
           | 
           | [5] ish
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | [6] also it doesn't matter because we get to decide who, if
             | anyone, is allowed to redeem - and on what schedule - and
             | should we feel like it, what we give you. Also US persons
             | are never allowed to redeem. This is all in their terms of
             | service. Their backing really doesn't matter because
             | they're not obligated by anyone to ever give it out.
        
           | legutierr wrote:
           | If I recall, one Tether executive was holding a good portion
           | of the "reserves" in his personal bank account.
           | 
           | How it is that Tether trades on par with trustworthy
           | alternatives like USDC, Paxos and Gemini, I have no idea.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Yeah, it's in the NYAG settlement I linked as [3]. At one
             | point, all their money was in Stuart Hoegner's personal
             | Bank of Montreal account (#17 in [3]).
             | 
             | Hoegner (their GC) was the director of compliance at
             | Excapsa, the parent company of the wildly non-compliant
             | Ultimate Bet. That online poker site had a back door where
             | some of their friends could see other poker players cards
             | [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://bennettftomlin.com/2021/03/27/before-bitfinex-
             | and-te...
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | In their defense, they probably thought this whole Tether
               | thing would have imploded by now, and they needed to be
               | ready to make their getaway.
        
       | qeternity wrote:
       | The important thing about all these Tether settlements is that
       | they are for very specific periods of time, which were well
       | before the most recent parabolic issuance in USDT.
       | 
       | It's anyone's guess what they are currently sitting on.
        
       | tkfu wrote:
       | Have you ever heard of "The Narcissist's Prayer"? It goes like
       | this:
       | 
       | That didn't happen.
       | 
       | And if it did, it wasn't that bad.
       | 
       | And if it was, that's not a big deal.
       | 
       | And if it is, that's not my fault.
       | 
       | And if it was, I didn't mean it.
       | 
       | And if I did...
       | 
       | You deserved it.
       | 
       | Tether defenders are really working their way through the steps
       | here.
       | 
       | 18 months ago, it was "That didn't happen." (Tether is 100%
       | backed by USD cash.)
       | 
       | 6 months ago, it "wasn't that bad." (It might not be 100% USD
       | cash, but it's cash-equivalent assets like short-term commercial
       | paper.)
       | 
       | Now that there's strong evidence the commercial paper is just
       | fake money shuffling between Tether/Binfinex/other shady crypto
       | investments we get "that's not a big deal." (Look at the way
       | banks work! They only need 4% collateral! Tether's probably got
       | at least that much...)
       | 
       | Next step is finding out that their actual liquidity isn't
       | capable of holding up under a real-life stress test, and the
       | defenders will be talking about "not my fault." (This was a once-
       | in-a-lifetime crash, they couldn't have foreseen it, crypto's
       | still way better than the fiat banking system!)
       | 
       | When thousands of people lose their retirements in a gigantic
       | defi crash, it'll be "you deserved it." (Everyone knows crypto is
       | risky, you shouldn't have believed Tether was the same as USD.)
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | I haven't seen anyone defending Tether in a really long time
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | > I haven't seen anyone defending Tether in a really long
           | time
           | 
           | Check out comments _in this discussion_ by bpodgursky and
           | vmception, for example. Similar comments come out in every
           | Tether article on HN.
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | > Check out comments in this discussion by bpodgursky
             | 
             | Here's one from bpodgursky:
             | 
             | >My stance has always been "Tether is a scam,
             | 
             | Not sure how that's "defending" Tether.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | The full context, which you have chosen to elide, is
               | clearly defensive of Tether[1]:
               | 
               | > Tether is a scam, but no worse than the US dollar and
               | normal banking fractional reserves... and even if it
               | collapses, who cares,
               | 
               | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28880411
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | It's not, he's simply pointing out that there's even
               | bigger scam out there. That's not the same thing as
               | defending Tether.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Making comparisons to a perceived bigger problem is a
               | defensive statement. The implication in this kind of
               | comparison is that because Y is worse than X, that
               | somehow ameliorates the harm of X. This is reinforced by
               | the "who cares" remark.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | It is defending Tether, because he is _wrong_. Some
               | things are worse than other things. Fraud is worse than
               | the Fed. No one sensible would claim the Fed is as bad
               | as, say, Bernie Madoff.
               | 
               | Formally, his tactic is known as "whataboutism"
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | > No one sensible would claim the Fed is as bad as, say,
               | Bernie Madoff.
               | 
               | Give it a couple of decades.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | "Defend" is a four letter word; I wouldn't paint with such a
           | broad brush.
           | 
           | I hold the position that you need to be careful to
           | distinguish between a) "every Tether statement is true/in
           | good faith" vs "b) Tether will fail to produce sufficient
           | backing value, sending crypto into a secular crash", and that
           | a) is false but b) is false as well. That is enough to get me
           | labeled a "defender" in some contexts.
           | 
           | Disclosure: I hold liquidity pools that have Tether and have
           | borrowed Tether against BTC via DeFi.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | You can find plenty on twitter. E.g.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/BrutalTrade/status/1449035910658600969
           | 
           | Some are paid bots but some are real
        
         | chinathrow wrote:
         | Meanwhile BTC is racing towards a new all time high, I simply
         | can't wrap my head around this. What on earth is going on? Does
         | anyone have a clue? I'm genuinely interested.
        
           | trident5000 wrote:
           | Nobody gives a f-ck about tether except those who keep
           | yelling at the sky. The govt said it will be regulated like a
           | bank and they received a fine.
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | Tether doesn't change the fact that my percentage ownership
           | of all btc will never be diluted like my dollars constantly
           | are.
        
           | overtonwhy wrote:
           | The unlicensed offshore exchanges that use Tether to avoid
           | USA banking regulation and AML/KYC don't let you cash out
           | real money. You have to buy crypto and hope that they let you
           | transfer it out before their real asset reserves run out. Now
           | that people have the data that Tether has <5% in cash
           | reserves it's a race to get converted into BTC etc and get it
           | out before the insolvency stops everything.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | The fact that USDT is currently trading at $0.9995 seems to
             | contradict that theory.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | My stance has always been "Tether is a scam, but no worse than
         | the US dollar and normal banking fractional reserves... and
         | even if it collapses, who cares, there are other stablecoins
         | not built on a house of cards."
         | 
         | I don't see that stance changing.
        
           | EugeneG wrote:
           | Tether isn't some new innovation that is it's own animal. We
           | know what to compare it to. The right comparison isn't "the
           | US Dollar."
           | 
           | The right comparison is money market funds - they are very
           | highly regulated. If a money market fund said "we are backed
           | by very highly rated short term debt," but they weren't, that
           | is 100pct a scam that has huge fines.
           | 
           | Just because Tether is in the crypto world doesn't mean it's
           | now a magical novel currency. Still just a money market fund
           | in a slightly different form.
        
           | pcwalton wrote:
           | I really would like to see an attempt to defend Tether (and
           | by extension most of the cryptocurrency ecosystem in
           | practice) that _doesn 't_ require me to buy into ultra-
           | libertarian ideology. Most people, including me, do not in
           | fact believe that the US dollar is a scam.
        
             | hackingforfun wrote:
             | I don't think that the US dollar is a scam but I think The
             | Fed is struggling to keep it afloat. Also, the ever
             | increasing debt of the US concerns me, as well as all the
             | money printing. I just wonder, where does it end? How does
             | it end? Just borrow more and print more? Drop rates to 0%,
             | and then go negative if there's no further to go? Does all
             | that seem sustainable? I do hope inflation will drop when /
             | if The Fed raises rates again. Maybe that will bring some
             | sort of balance. We'll have to see what happens. I don't
             | think the US debt could ever possibly be paid off now
             | though, and we'll have to keep raising the debt ceiling or
             | remove it. There's also some absurd ideas like minting a
             | trillion dollar platinum coin [1]. I just don't think this
             | ends well.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillion-dollar_coin
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | I think it's mostly because it fits their views.
        
             | bpodgursky wrote:
             | The point re: tether directly is that it doesn't matter if
             | tether is backed 1-1 or .05-1 or .01-1 as long as people
             | trust it as a stablecoin.
             | 
             | The point re: the ecosystem is that there are a lot of
             | stablecoins and you can pick the one that isn't a scam. You
             | can use crypto and not touch tether at all. There's no need
             | to tie the ecosystem to it.
        
           | chromaton wrote:
           | 2 differences: 1. You have to have USD to pay taxes, which
           | most Americans have to do. 2. The feds will bail out
           | depositors in banks that have screwed up badly.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Also fractional reserve lending is both how new money is
             | created and how it's backed. When you borrow money from the
             | bank, they create a positive balance in your account and a
             | negative balance in theirs. As you repay the loan, the new
             | money disappears. The money in circulation is backed by the
             | demand created for that dollar at issuance (in that the
             | loan must be repaid).
        
               | ItsMonkk wrote:
               | And yet, during the recession of 2008 the M2 went up by a
               | 1000 billion dollars, despite the fact that there were
               | millions of houses foreclosed on, their assets tanked,
               | and millions of loans defaulted. Curious how that works.
               | 
               | Tether is much worse than the Fed(or would be if
               | equivalent scale), but the Fed is no sweetheart.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | The money supply is protected by the Fed, yes - that's
               | kind of the point. The supply is adjusted to maintain the
               | 2% inflation target. Generally in big financial crises,
               | velocity of money drops so the supply is increased to
               | offset it - and avoid a deflationary spiral.
               | 
               | It's pretty logical right? If the economy is imploding
               | around you, your natural response is to save your money -
               | out of fear - and not spend it. However, that has knock-
               | on effects. If everyone starts saving, prices go down to
               | tempt people to buy, which means less revenue for the
               | business, which means salary cuts and layoffs, which
               | means folks have less money to spend - and so on.
               | 
               | To avoid this situation, the Fed increases the money
               | supply. This happened in COVID too. The fed IMO deserves
               | a ton of credit for saving the American economy from a
               | massive depression - twice so far since 2008.
               | 
               | By the way those bailouts earned a $15B profit for the
               | government [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stab
               | ilizati...
        
               | hackingforfun wrote:
               | > The fed IMO deserves a ton of credit for saving the
               | American economy from a massive depression - twice so far
               | since 2008.
               | 
               | I'm not sure I agree with this. I think The Fed stepping
               | in after the stock market crashed in March 2020 gave
               | stock investors an unreasonable expectation that stocks
               | are safe. Stocks are a risk-on asset and should be
               | treated as such. Right now many people treat them like a
               | savings account. IMO we should've let the stock market
               | crash lower so people understand that stocks are not risk
               | free.
               | 
               | Also, we may not know all the consequences from all that
               | money that The Fed printed yet. So far we are seeing
               | increased inflation, which hopefully will go down when /
               | if they raise interest rates again, but we'll have to see
               | what happens. I think, if anything, The Fed having to
               | step in showed that the traditional markets are a house
               | of cards as well. Just like in crypto, people just want
               | the of price of stocks to go up, but that isn't
               | reasonable. Volatility is normal and sometimes there
               | should be crashes in markets so that people understand
               | the risks.
        
               | adflux wrote:
               | I agree 100%, and not letting stocks crash is a severe
               | policy error.
        
               | ItsMonkk wrote:
               | I know you know about Moral Hazard. I know you know about
               | small bubbles allowed to get bigger getting out of
               | control. I'm sure you know the phrase "Privatized gains
               | and Socialized losses." These all apply here.
               | 
               | The mark of a successful Fed is in reducing not just the
               | frequency of banking issues but also the amplitudes.
               | Every time the Fed is forced to step in, the interest
               | rate cuts get bigger, the debt they create gets bigger,
               | the Congressional action larger.
               | 
               | The mark of a successful Fed is in stepping in ahead of
               | time before the bubble gets out of control. If a Fed
               | needs to take drastic action, they've already failed. CO-
               | VID, being the first non-financially caused recession in
               | 50 years, is a special case, and for that I give them
               | leniency.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | I agree with all that broadly, but I would push back and
               | say the Fed's responsibility wasn't to stop the subprime
               | crisis. That was Congress' responsibility. It's not the
               | fire fighters job to stop people building houses made of
               | paper. That's the fire marshal, the city planning
               | department, the inspectors, and so on.
        
               | chromaton wrote:
               | Banks also take hard assets as collateral. They can send
               | guys with guns to collect if need be.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | liuliu wrote:
             | Regarding 2, if crytocurrencies fire up all cylinders and
             | get not only many traditional market makers, hedge funds,
             | but also FOF involvement and with-hold tens of millions
             | people's savings. They can potentially get buyout like
             | traditional banks do.
        
               | chromaton wrote:
               | Maybe someday.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | I gave a breakdown of why that statement belies a lack of
           | understanding of fractional reserve lending here:
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28880063)
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | > Tether is a scam, but no worse than the US dollar and
           | normal banking fractional reserves...
           | 
           | So tether insures up to $100,000 for every depositor?
        
             | christopherwxyz wrote:
             | The U.S. government insures its own currency using its own
             | currency or security.
             | 
             | Tether can't do that without hurting the stability
             | guarantee.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | Tether can absolutely insure its own currency by printing
               | more Tether as needed -- it's identical to what the US
               | government will do to protect bank deposits, by printing
               | more dollars!
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | That's actually out of date.. a decade ago, the US FDIC
             | upped the limit to $250k per depositor.
        
           | johanneskanybal wrote:
           | Not sure if it's bots or hackernews sentiment changing but
           | pretty much this. I guess that's what happens when the
           | disruptors become the corporate. But yes it's like the
           | classic democracy quote about it being the worst but better
           | than all the other alternatives. If this is the slap for
           | running an unregulated exchange for 10-15 years which today
           | traded $350 mil everyone here not building that including me
           | is the idiot.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _When thousands of people lose their retirements in a
         | gigantic defi crash_
         | 
         | Do we have any evidence this would happen? That ordinary people
         | who didn't know they were investing in Tether would lose money
         | in its collapse? (Honest question.)
        
           | speeder wrote:
           | I own a bunch of crypto and often people ask me questions.
           | 
           | I endlessly have to warn then to never hold tether. The
           | problem is people don't understand what tether is, they
           | assume it is just USD and use it because it is the most
           | popular in many platforms or the outright default settings.
           | 
           | Tether crash will be very, very ugly when a lot of people
           | leaving money on their "default" account realise the money
           | all went poof.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Thank you for your perspective. Are there any U.S. services
             | which default balances into Tether this way? Trying to get
             | a sense for whether the shockwaves will be principally
             | offshore or not.
        
         | TheAlchemist wrote:
         | It's all about incentives.
         | 
         | Everybody knows Tether is a scam - and it will probably take
         | down crypto once it implodes. But the people 'with knowledge of
         | the matter' have 0 incentive to expose it, and they have every
         | incentive to keep it as it is. People are making hundreds of
         | millions of dollars on it. Until the music stops, they will
         | keep dancing.
         | 
         | Anyway, it's fascinating ! As Patrick McKenzie put it ""we are
         | living in the middle chapters of a Michael Lewis book."
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ohbleek wrote:
         | There's just over $68 billion Tether.
         | 
         | The 24hr trade volume for BTC alone is just over $50 billion.
         | 
         | If all tether were to completely turn to dust, it would not
         | lead anywhere close to a "gigantic defi crash". This is in no
         | way a defense of Tether. I'm just zooming out from the
         | hyperfocus on Tether as the pseudo foundation of crypto. That
         | is just simply not the case.
        
           | agnokapathetic wrote:
           | If all retail investors were not allowed to buy or sell
           | stocks anymore what would that do to the stock market? Its
           | only 10% of transaction volume, but critical to so many
           | liquidity dependent financial instruments, it would be
           | catastrophic for the market.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | > Now that there's strong evidence the commercial paper is just
         | fake money
         | 
         | Tether is issuing loans of USDT against collateral in the form
         | of crypto and calling that "commercial paper".
         | 
         | The whole idea that anyone would be sending $70B of actual USD
         | to Tether is now "fucking ludicrous". But the idea that anyone
         | is selling $70B of crypto to Tether during a massive bull
         | market in crypto (and it should be now quite apparent that this
         | is still a bull market) is also "fucking ludicrous". There's no
         | counterparty that massively stupid for either side of those
         | trades.
         | 
         | What makes sense is that people sitting on large cold wallets
         | of BTC are using that as collateral to get USDT loans. They
         | then trade it between themselves and any retail "investors" on
         | a USDT exchange. The loans are USD denominated which provides
         | an incentive to maintain the USDT-USD peg. Since they're loans
         | against collateral and aren't redeemable that removes a lot of
         | the risk of a run on the bank.
         | 
         | It is still crypto-backed wildcat banking script, which won't
         | end well.
         | 
         | I don't understand why so many people who are Tether-skeptics
         | believe them that their commercial paper is something the
         | banking system would regard as commercial paper.
         | 
         | And try graphing Tether issuance denominated in BTC rather than
         | $USD and it is much more stable at around 1M BTC.
        
           | wesapien wrote:
           | We need to have crypto death penalty for scams. Ya know, a
           | firing squad.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Would those loans be called commercial paper by any
           | accountant's definition? We have two data points:
           | 
           | * Moore Cayman, the auditing firm doing Tether's
           | attestations, says they have commercial paper. They risk
           | penalties for _blatant_ lies
           | 
           | * Bloomberg reporter Zeke Faux say Tether's accounts and said
           | they have "a lot" of Chinese commercial paper
           | 
           | The massive loophole in the attestation regarding CP is
           | Tether management policy is to value it at redemption value,
           | even if the CP trades below par. So, they could buy the
           | _worst_ quality CP, for say $5 billion, with a redemption
           | value of $30 billion, and the accountants would say "yup, $30
           | billion of CP per management policy"
           | 
           | That seems easier than a pure lie. NYAG has also seen the
           | statements for recent months. I suspect a total lie would
           | carry more risk than the blatant misleadingly accurate
           | statements I outlined above.
           | 
           | Some of the paper could also be to crypto exchanges,
           | collateralized the way you say. Then it would technically be
           | CP. Tether has denied taking CP from affiliated entities but
           | they use a narrow definition. Only majority ownership counts
           | as affiliated I believe, since they consider their loans to
           | Celsius non-affiliated despite part owning celsius.
           | 
           | Also those Celsius loans are USDT denominated with crypto
           | collateral.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | > Would those loans be called commercial paper by any
             | accountant's definition?
             | 
             | We're talking about crypto here, blantant lying is pretty
             | rampant, and Tether has clearly blatantly lied in the past.
             | 
             | > They risk penalties for blatant lies
             | 
             | If the amount they're being paid for those attestations
             | exceeds the risk then it makes sense to blatantly lie.
             | 
             | They are also not audits, but attestations, so Tether can
             | be blatantly lying to them.
             | 
             | > Also those Celsius loans are USDT denominated with crypto
             | collateral.
             | 
             | And that is it right there.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _seems easier than a pure lie_
             | 
             | Aren't Tether and Bitfinex firms with a documented track
             | record of repeatedly telling "pure" lies?
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | Yes, but not through accountants. Recall one incident
               | where they transferred in a few hundred million to a
               | formerly empty account. Moore Cayman accounting
               | accurately reported they say money in the account. Then
               | the money was transferred out after accountants looked at
               | it.
               | 
               | Much more complex than just lying. They used the
               | accountant's true report to cover the truth.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | > It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his
         | salary depends on his not understanding it.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | I am commenting here, because I want to save this "And if.."
         | list, because it is beautiful in its simplicity and yet we see
         | it played out over and over again.
        
           | 8ytecoder wrote:
           | You can favorite a comment
        
           | miked85 wrote:
           | Just upvote or favorite it and you can find it in your
           | profile.
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | HN also has a "favorite" button you can use to save things
           | for later.
        
             | vtail wrote:
             | Where is that favorite button? I have never seen that
             | functionality.
        
               | vtail wrote:
               | Found it: just click on the comments's time, and you will
               | see the "favorite" option underneath the link.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | You have to click through to the comment's page to use it
               | - it's not on the main page.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | Click on the "n minutes ago" time stamp next to the user
               | name.
               | 
               | For example, it's on this page:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28880280
               | 
               | That's the perma link for that comment. The favoriting
               | action should maybe exist in the thread as well.
        
             | jimkleiber wrote:
             | I also just learned that by visiting one's own profile, one
             | can see which submissions and comments they've upvoted--
             | which is private, unlike favorites[1].
             | 
             | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28880623
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Just fyi that favorites are public.
        
               | atatatat wrote:
               | By default..? Oh dear.
        
               | jimkleiber wrote:
               | ...I did not know this. So thank you for letting us know.
        
         | johanneskanybal wrote:
         | Pretty big and popular strawman you got there. Tether has been
         | a boogie man since forever, the traditional system is infinite
         | times more corrupt. Top voted hackernews comment like this?
         | Probably a pretty amazing time to buy some more and short some
         | yc. edit: remember eth being mentioned here for the first time
         | 6 years ago, how the cycles roll.
        
         | hkai wrote:
         | I don't disagree with you, but USDC and USDT are identical in
         | their transparency, yet everyone hates USDT.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Not by a mile. USDC are emitted by a consortium which the HN
           | unicorn Coinbase is a major part of. They have something like
           | 73% of USDC in actual USD and the rest are corporate bonds /
           | money markets and things like that. It's not 100% USD, but
           | they're 100% backed.
           | 
           | Coinbase is a reputable US company ran by US citizens.
           | 
           | USDT is operated by shady people with an history of fraud
           | from shady micro countries on the dark list of fiscal havens.
           | 
           | They are nothing similar.
           | 
           | I do believe there are actual people wiring a lot of real USD
           | / EUR to Coinbase's bank accounts to buy crypto. I'm really
           | not so sure there are people actually wiring lots of money to
           | Tether's bahamas bank accounts. I'm not sure many ever did.
           | 
           | I really don't get this: Coinbase is a HN unicorn. Do you
           | think it's a gigantic fraud / scam and there aren't a
           | shitload of real people putting a shitload of freaking real
           | money to Coinbase's very real bank accounts?
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | I am completely ignorant here.
       | 
       | I read an article not that long ago where a journalist was trying
       | to figure out where Tether kept its money (if there was any).
       | 
       | The main characters seem to be distributed in different parts of
       | the world and were not inclined to be interviewed.
       | 
       | This corporate entity seems to be highly convoluted, which means
       | its hard to know what jurisdiction they fall under.
       | 
       | My question: How is Tether compelled to pay this? What happens if
       | they do not?
       | 
       | Can they just terminate whatever US subsidieres there may be and
       | keep operating the same?
       | 
       | Do they need a corporate component in the US, if so why?
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | People on reddit and twitter are like, "great, now that Tether
       | FUD is over, leave it behind and go for $100k!" - of course it is
       | over. U in FUD stands for Uncertainty, and now it is Certain that
       | Tether is a fraud.
       | 
       | The only thing I can't understand is why the price still pumps.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > The only thing I can't understand is why the price still
         | pumps.
         | 
         | I know for a fact that there are private banks, the traditional
         | ones (think Swiss banks), working on funds that'd let their
         | HNWIs invest in crypto. We're talking about entry tickets to
         | the tune of 1 million EUR minimum. It's not
         | private/confidential infos: it's information some private banks
         | are relaying to their very wealthy clients.
         | 
         | There are a lot of people who want to get in but have zero clue
         | as to how to do that: now their traditional banks are going to
         | let them do that.
         | 
         | There are simply people out there who want to buy.
        
         | jstx1 wrote:
         | Seriously - Bitcoin is more than 8% up today and about 50% up
         | compared to 3 weeks ago. It's almost back to the all-time high
         | from April. How does anyone explain any of this?
        
           | timerol wrote:
           | Bitcoin's price "in USD" makes more sense as a price "in
           | USDT". It's completely unsurprising that Bitcoin went up
           | relative to USDT after this news.
           | 
           | The big question is when the peg of 1 USDT ~= 1 USD (or USDC)
           | is going to break. Tether is going to do everything they can
           | to maintain that peg as long as possible.
        
             | xur17 wrote:
             | > The big question is when the peg of 1 USDT ~= 1 USD (or
             | USDC) is going to break. Tether is going to do everything
             | they can to maintain that peg as long as possible.
             | 
             | Yuup. Assuming USDT is a fraud, Tether likely makes very
             | good money off of it, and is hence HEAVILY incentivized to
             | keep it running as long as possible. I'd be very curious to
             | hear theories as to what might cause it to collapse.
        
               | adflux wrote:
               | Complaints by companies trying to exchange usdt to usd
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | But those companies would only complain if Tether stopped
               | redemptions, which presumably would only occur if they
               | ran out of cash. You'd need some other outside impetus to
               | trigger it all.
        
           | hackingforfun wrote:
           | It looks like a Bitcoin futures ETF is nearing approval and
           | could go live next week [1][2]. My guess is that people are
           | pricing that in.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/15/bitcoin-etfs-may-finally-
           | mak...
           | 
           | [2] https://twitter.com/JSeyff/status/1449010847074897933
        
           | webinvest wrote:
           | I could tell you, but because this information could reduce
           | my purchasing power, I'm choosing to keep quiet.
           | 
           | I'm not willing to share the short/medium term philosophy,
           | catalysts, and predictable patterns. But I'll reshare the
           | long term philosophy since I've already written about it 4
           | months ago:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27202204
           | 
           | If you're smart and knowledgeable, you may be able to piece
           | it out from my comment history.
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | > How does anyone explain any of this?
           | 
           | Suppose you hold a big bunch of USDT (Tethers) right now.
           | 
           | What would be be doing in light of these news?
           | 
           | Exactly.
        
             | osense wrote:
             | Why not just convert to USDC / BUSD / some other
             | stablecoin?
        
               | webinvest wrote:
               | Or Dai or Gemeni Dollars?
        
               | Jasper_ wrote:
               | How do you convert if nobody wants to buy your USDT?
        
           | leesec wrote:
           | I can explain - More people want to buy than sell
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | Thats not really how it works - every transaction must have
             | a buyer and a seller. When prices go up, buyers are simply
             | willing to go deeper into the order book to get their
             | orders filled.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | More simply, more money (not people) is buying than is
               | selling.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | A complete lack of regulation in the markets.
        
         | humaniania wrote:
         | Same reason why prices went way up before MTGOX collapsed.
         | People have "assets" in Bitfinex that they can't cash out for
         | something with real value except by buying crypto and hoping it
         | gets transferred out before reserves are depleted. They can't
         | cash out actual fiat. So fiat prices on the failed exchange go
         | up up up until the legit regulated exchanges eventually
         | decouple and then the house of cards comes down.
        
           | humaniania wrote:
           | Keep in mind people will try to take advantage of arbitrage
           | situations so this process can take a while. Go back and
           | research MTGOX.
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | Where would one start to research this?
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Can you convert those assets to Gemini's stablecoin, GUSD?
           | Gemini is regulated as a trust company in New York State and
           | has pass-through FDIC insurance. You should be able to sell
           | GUSD on Gemini and wire transfer the proceeds out. Gemini
           | claims no limits on the size of wire transfers. This is
           | useful, because most other exchanges make large withdrawals
           | difficult.
           | 
           | It's hard to convert USDT to GUSD. Coinbase does't list GUSD.
           | Changely says they will do it for a 2% fee. Bequant has a
           | market, but US$20,000 would wipe out their order book. Hotbit
           | claims a deeper market but has a US$10,000/day withdrawal
           | limit. Bitfinex has de-listed GUSD. Probably because it was
           | too convenient a way to convert Tether to real US dollars.
           | Gemini does not list USDT.
           | 
           | It's striking how difficult it is to convert large amounts of
           | USDT to a hard currency.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Are there delays on Bitfinex transfers currently? And were
           | people able to transfer out of MTGOX at all?
           | 
           | I had wondered if there were parallels in the runup, but
           | haven't heard widespread reports of people being able to
           | transfer out yet. Or rather, more than the usual number of
           | such reports, there are always some.
        
       | buildbuildbuild wrote:
       | This is a slap on the wrist. Tether's current market cap is $68.5
       | billion of printed money that users assume is really held in bank
       | reserves.
       | 
       | Expect a massive cryptocurrency crash if Tether's regulatory
       | downfall finally occurs; a majority of exchange trading pairs are
       | between currencies and USDT. (not financial advice)
        
         | technotony wrote:
         | It's not about trading pairs, those can easily switch to USDC
         | or other stables. The big challenge will be the futures markets
         | which are nearly exclusively with USDT. If tether collapses so
         | do all those futures, which presumably will cause chaotic
         | algorithmic driven effects as hedging positions evaporate.
        
           | chollida1 wrote:
           | CME futures are all USD cash settled.
           | 
           | Or are you referring to unregulated futures on some crypto
           | exchanges?
        
           | gammarator wrote:
           | > those can easily switch to USDC or other stables.
           | 
           | So why don't they? Why would literally anyone choose to hold
           | USDT over any other stablecoin?
        
           | humaniania wrote:
           | What about the billions in exchange balances held in USDT?
           | That's a lot of liability for the exchanges holding those,
           | right?
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | You mean a liability for the users of that exchange
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | I think it would be the opposite. tether failing would force
         | ppl to convert to BTC, ETH to preserve $.
        
           | buildbuildbuild wrote:
           | It's possible. But I would expect panic selling as charts
           | make it _look_ like all cryptocurrency is crashing due to
           | USDT's sudden decrease in value.
           | 
           | Small exchanges could also lose liquidity from bad code that
           | assumes USDT will always equal $1.
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | Tbh I wouldnt dare keep usd on an exchange when its
             | crashing
        
           | NicoJuicy wrote:
           | Short term, yeah ( people converting). Long term, no ( way
           | less pumping)
        
         | davidgerard wrote:
         | $41m is a quarter of Tether's present claimed excess reserves
         | ($160m), so it's a bit more than a slap on the wrist.
         | 
         | Of course, this assumes Tether aren't lying about that too.
        
         | iskander wrote:
         | >a majority of exchange trading pairs are between currencies
         | and USDT. (not financial advice)
         | 
         | Is that actually true? In my (limited) experience I have seen
         | ETH and USDC much more frequently than USDT.
         | 
         | There also seems to be a recent migration to algorithmic
         | stablecoins like RAI which aren't pegged to the dollar but are
         | (supposedly) designed to limit fluctuation in value. I suspect
         | that without regulatory action against both USDC and
         | decentralize stable tokens that crypto would recover from a
         | Tether collapse.
        
           | buildbuildbuild wrote:
           | My source was a cursory look at
           | https://coinranking.com/markets but I admittedly could dig
           | deeper to verify this.
           | 
           | I agree that prices would recover after a short term Tether-
           | induced crash, and markets would almost certainly shift to
           | DAI and similar decentralized stablecoins.
        
             | iskander wrote:
             | Wow, you're right, USDT is much more prevalent in the
             | largest markets than I would have suspected. Is this a
             | first mover effect? As far as I can tell USDT is the
             | shakiest and least compelling stable.
        
               | humaniania wrote:
               | There are a bunch of sketchy unlicensed exchanges that
               | are heavily invested in utilizing USDT. The Tether
               | meltdown should be quite the show. All of those
               | outstanding balances have to be reconciled somehow. Or
               | they'll just close up shop and disappear and years later
               | people will maybe get a small % back, like with MTGOX.
        
               | iskander wrote:
               | As someone with ambivalent interest in crypto, it seems
               | like a Tether meltdown might be healthy for the space.
               | 
               | It would wash out a lot of the accumulated speculative
               | value and hopefully lead to a much more confident
               | regulatory framework for the interface between blockchain
               | money and real world money. It would also long-term
               | strengthen fully decentralized aspects of the crypto
               | ecosystem while flushing out those that don't really
               | function independently of traditional finance but instead
               | accumulate speculative valuation based on an unsafe
               | interface with fiat and the financial sector.
               | 
               | Winners all around (except for crypto speculators)?
        
       | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
       | Can someone imagine a world where the fine for tether is
       | sufficiently large , that they dont have a capacity to pay it,
       | and thus, blowing up the entire thing ?
        
         | robot_no_419 wrote:
         | That's like imagining a world where governments hold
         | billionaires and CEOs accountable for their greed and crime and
         | their tax evasion. In other words, a pipe dream.
        
         | mrh0057 wrote:
         | The whole long blows up when enough people try to withdraw
         | tether for dollars and they don't have enough to cover. As long
         | as that doesn't happen it will be alive. Works just like a
         | Ponzi Scheme or a run on a bank.
        
         | unreal37 wrote:
         | No, because Tether can issue it's own coins to pay for it.
         | 
         | Like trying to fine the US Government.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | > No, because Tether can issue it's own coins to pay for it.
           | 
           | To a point, and that point is far larger than any of us
           | imagined.
           | 
           | But the Titan / Titanium collapse shows that you can't print
           | money forever (or in the case of Titan / Titanium: print
           | money automatically). It only takes a small downturn to make
           | everything go to crap.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | They still have to pay the fine in dollars, though. If you
           | fine Tether a trillion dollars, they'll need to find people
           | willing to pay them _one trillion dollars_ in exchange for
           | newly-minted (and obviously unbacked) Tether.
           | 
           | If you fined Tether one quadrillion dollars, they could mint
           | a quadrillion Tether but they definitely won't have a
           | quadrillion dollars to hand over.
           | 
           | Also, if you can't pay a fine without dipping into your
           | depositors' money you are insolvent by any reasonable
           | definition.
        
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