[HN Gopher] Former Boeing 737 Max Chief Technical Pilot Indicted...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Former Boeing 737 Max Chief Technical Pilot Indicted for Fraud
        
       Author : frisco
       Score  : 418 points
       Date   : 2021-10-14 22:24 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.justice.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.justice.gov)
        
       | Someone1234 wrote:
       | Here are the HN threads from both crashes:
       | 
       | Oct 2018: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18324997
       | 
       | March 2019: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19351835
       | 
       | May be interesting to read with the benefit of hindsight and
       | everything we've learned about the process that lead to those
       | crashes.
        
         | Sebb767 wrote:
         | It's really fascinating how the first thread barely has any
         | mentions of technical difficulty, while in the second thread
         | nearly no one blames the pilots anymore. Benefit of hindsight,
         | really.
         | 
         | Still, it's important to remember that Boeing and the FDA
         | dragged their feet for ages before grounding the plane after
         | the second crash. So that's at least part of why they get so
         | much flac in the second thread.
        
       | anonygler wrote:
       | Wow. They didn't go after an executive? Just a pilot? So
       | blatantly corrupt.
        
         | thuccess129 wrote:
         | U.S. Justice's price for get out of jail card for all the
         | executives except the designated fallguy CTP is $2.5B.
        
       | PedroBatista wrote:
       | At the end of the day we need some dummy to be hanged at the town
       | square. So we can all lie to ourselves justice was served and
       | everything works as should.
       | 
       | There are entire generations of people inside that company that
       | should at least sit their asses in court.
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | What sort of role is "Chief Technical Pilot"?
       | 
       | I feel like they should be going after Boeing Co and not after
       | individuals, except individuals at the top of the scheme.
        
       | dhx wrote:
       | Internal Boeing e-mails between various Chief Technical Pilots
       | and other Boeing staff are available at [1]. It shows that there
       | was an overarching requirement for the program to to ensure that
       | 737 pilots could fly the 737 MAX with minimal "Level B" training
       | (e.g. no need for hours of simulator training).
       | 
       | Per [2], MCAS was poorly designed and exhibited a failure mode
       | (e.g. AOA sensor failure) that required immediate pilot action to
       | avert disaster. For pilots that were aware of the MCAS failure
       | mode and how to respond, simulation showed they could respond and
       | avert disaster within typically 4 seconds. A delay of 10 seconds
       | from a pilot to respond correctly to the failure event would be
       | catastrophic.
       | 
       | A Boeing staffer wrote to the Chief Technical Pilot now
       | indicted[^][1] regarding the pilot action required in those
       | critical few seconds:                 "I fear that skill is not
       | very intuitive any more with the younger pilots and those who
       | have become too reliant on automation"
       | 
       | The Chief Technical Pilot now indicted[^] responds:
       | "This is the path with least risk to Level B. We need to sell
       | this as very intuitive basic pilot skill".
       | 
       | Boeing it appears then opted for updating Non-Normal Checklists
       | (NNCs) for pilots instead of:
       | 
       | * Fixing the MCAS flaw to remove the failure mode altogether
       | 
       | * Ensuring pilots were trained to handle an MCAS failure in a
       | simulator
       | 
       | * Otherwise ensuring that pilots were aware of the non-intuitive
       | nature of MCAS and the particular failure mode requiring
       | immediate <10sec response from pilots
       | 
       | If the failure mode with MCAS did occur, pilots didn't even have
       | 10 seconds to find the NNC and go through the checklist steps
       | before catastrophe was set to occur. They were not aware of MCAS
       | being present on the aircraft and per the Boeing staffer raising
       | the concern, "that skill is not very intuitive" in relation to
       | acting on the failure mode should it have occurred.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://transportation.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Compressed%20...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.incose.org/docs/default-
       | source/enchantment/21031...
       | 
       | [^] Assumed from job titles in the e-mails, as names are
       | redacted.
        
         | jetrink wrote:
         | One note: 'Yours truly' is typically used to refer to oneself,
         | so it seems that you are claiming to be the indicted pilot.
        
           | dhx wrote:
           | Thanks for the correction :)
           | 
           | More background on usage at:
           | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/166332/how-
           | did-y...
        
         | OneLeggedCat wrote:
         | This man did exactly what he was paid by Boeing to do. It would
         | be great if he could speak publicly about who pressured him to
         | make these decisions.
        
       | Goety wrote:
       | Is it possible to tamper with MACS remotely?
        
       | ProAm wrote:
       | The US is going after aircraft employees and yet no one went to
       | jail for the great financial meltdown/crisis in 2007/2008?
        
       | broknbottle wrote:
       | I knew this whole Boeing disaster was the work a rogue chief
       | technical pilot.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | They must be stopped!
        
         | CivBase wrote:
         | How unfortunate the certification process for a safety-critical
         | system simply _has to be_ designed such that one bad actor can
         | cause so much damage. And I 'm sure he was motivated purely by
         | spite for the FAA and potential 737 MAX passengers - not at all
         | by management that prioritizes speed and cost reduction above
         | all else. What a terrible, very bad individual.
         | 
         | Oh well. At least we know that nobody else at all in Boeing was
         | responsible in the slightest. Everyone else involved with the
         | program were probably angels and this one bad bad man pulled
         | the wool over their eyes. So sad. At least they caught the only
         | bad man before he could strike again. Did I mention he's solely
         | responsible for this whole thing yet?
         | 
         | It really was unfortunate, but these things just happen you
         | know? I guess we just better cross our fingers and hope real
         | hard that it doesn't happen again. There's nothing more to
         | learn from this.
        
       | supportlocal4h wrote:
       | It is human nature to detest regulation in general but insist
       | upon it after the fact of some failure. This can be easily
       | illustrated with automobile speed limits. Almost everyone would
       | be outraged if they were ticketed for driving 2 k/mph over the
       | posted limit. It is a widely held belief that drivers traveling
       | at or just below the maximum limit pose a safety risk because
       | they are too slow. An officer who rigorously enforced posted
       | speed limits would get run out of town. But who's to blame when
       | the officer looks the other way and it results in a crash?
        
         | verytrivial wrote:
         | You cite human nature, but I disagree with most if not ALL of
         | what you are saying here. Driving at or just below the speed
         | limit is what the law requires. If the speed limit is wrong,
         | you lobby to get the limit changed or start raising $$ from
         | fines until people get the idea. What you DON'T do is let speed
         | limits become optional else people running over kids near
         | schools will feel like they were morally justified in doing so,
         | because 'Who pays attention to those signs, right?'
         | 
         | You are describing exactly the normalisation of deviance that
         | gets people killed per the 737 Max situation. The Officer in
         | your example is secondarily at fault, the driver is primarily
         | at fault, but the CULTURE that allows these dangerous
         | situations to arise is where the problem needs to be addressed.
         | "Yes, I was speeding/falsifying records, Officer. But everyone
         | else was doing it."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | AllThatJazz wrote:
       | Earlier this year, the feds signed an agreement that let Boeing
       | executives off the hook for the 737 MAX catastrophes, which
       | killed 346 people.
       | 
       | The lead prosecutor, Erin Nealy Cox, then took a job with the
       | firm that leads Boeing's criminal defense.
        
         | jeffrallen wrote:
         | The real scandal is what's legal...
        
       | willcipriano wrote:
       | "They expect one of us in the wreckage brother"
        
       | fransje wrote:
       | Haha. For fraud. Nice one. Should have been for manslaughter.
        
       | pdonis wrote:
       | While I don't have any sympathy for this pilot, I also find the
       | FAA's excuses here to be less than convincing. Basically, their
       | position is "Well, we trusted this Boeing employee to tell us the
       | truth about the new flight controls, and he didn't." But if the
       | regulators had actually done their job and independently
       | evaluated the new flight controls, they wouldn't have had to take
       | the word of any Boeing employees. I realize that that's the way
       | the FAA does things now, but this whole debacle should be a
       | warning to everyone that that method of regulation is not
       | acceptable. The whole point of independent regulation is to not
       | allow obvious conflicts of interest to harm the public.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Dance like nobody's watching.
         | 
         | Email like it will one day be read aloud at a deposition.
        
         | paulmd wrote:
         | At the end of the day this is what you want, though: people
         | need to realize that they are going to be held personally
         | responsible if they're involved in pencilwhipping the FAA
         | approval process, and tell their boss they're not going to jail
         | so that Boeing can make another 1% profit this year.
         | 
         | I'm not saying it's _just_ the test pilot who lied, or held
         | sole responsibility, but yeah, he was a member of a criminal
         | enterprise that resulted in people 's deaths.
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | I like the result. Too many people hide behind "I was just
           | doing my job and helping the company." At some point you have
           | to make a personal stand to not harm humanity. And
           | programmers reading this, that era is definitely upon us.
           | 
           | When we see programmers charged who implemented the twisted
           | evil shit Facebook or whoever ordered them to, we will be
           | making some progress on fixing the problem.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | I think the other approach is to have more corporate whistle
         | blower programs with teeth and upside. In a case like this,
         | lots of people knew everything wasn't on the up and up. But it
         | is hard to get someone to understand something when their job
         | depends on not understanding it (Upton Sinclair). However, if
         | the whistle blower programs came with immediate cash (after
         | initial proof was obtained) with more to come and potentially
         | relocation and identity change, people would be more likely to
         | come forward.
         | 
         | Fighting something like this in court plus media scrutiny will
         | basically ruin someone's life and make them almost unhire-able
         | in their field. Excepting someone to ruin their family's life
         | for the greater good isn't likely. There won't always be a
         | young single ideologue who is willing to move overseas to
         | escape his own government. There are lots of major crime
         | systems where someone is the spouse of the criminal and knows
         | what is going on but how are they going to give up their home
         | and life for their kids while also putting their life at risk
         | for the sake of doing the right thing. People have shown that
         | they will do the right thing if you make it easy enough and
         | safe enough.
        
           | josho wrote:
           | I can't help but feel that this is all by design. Legislators
           | require financing from corporations for re-election, corps
           | don't want whistleblowers because it risks their bottom line.
           | Therefore legislators don't improve protections.
           | 
           | Does everything come back to campaign finance reform?
        
             | snarf21 wrote:
             | It could be a factor for sure. I don't think campaign
             | finance reform will ever happen but whistle blower could.
             | I've given up hope on the altruistic billionaire to do
             | things the government is reluctant to.
        
         | spfzero wrote:
         | Supposedly, having a serious penalty for lying to the FAA
         | should imply veracity. Same way perjury penalties should ensure
         | truthful court testimony.
         | 
         | Agree the FAA should cross-check, before a plane crashes, but
         | when they catch this behavior they should, IMHO, punish it.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | How were they supposed to do that? They'd have had to either
         | review the source code and somehow notice that it had too much
         | control authority over the horizontal stabilizer, or run the
         | flight control system in a simulator that reproduced the
         | failure conditions found in the field. These seem _possible_
         | but not exactly easy. It'd have been much easier for the Boeing
         | engineers who designed the thing so badly to have had bosses
         | who said "wait...what? No you can't do it like that".
        
           | scottlamb wrote:
           | > It'd have been much easier for the Boeing engineers who
           | designed the thing so badly to have had bosses who said
           | "wait...what? No you can't do it like that".
           | 
           | Interesting. I never even imagine that happening anymore. I
           | find the reverse so much more plausible: the bosses say to
           | design it like that but the engineers have the backbone to
           | say no (even at the risk of being fired and replaced).
           | 
           | On the one hand, I see where you're coming from. Executives
           | are the ones with the money and power, so they _should_ have
           | the responsibility. They should go to prison when they order
           | misconduct (whether that 's negligence, fraud, etc.). This
           | should incentivize them to act conservatively. (Where right
           | now, we reward them largely based on short-term stock
           | performance, and we never punish them, and I think our
           | executives are overwhelmingly sociopaths who pursue short-
           | term stock performance above all else.)
           | 
           | On the other hand, engineers are the ones who throughly
           | understand the issues and have licenses with ethical
           | standards attached. They're going to notice the problem. I
           | believe many already aren't willing to sign off on something
           | they don't believe is safe. With good enough whistleblower
           | protection, they'd be likely to speak up when they see
           | someone else signing off improperly.
        
           | landemva wrote:
           | FAA could have looked at how the fans were upsized and pushed
           | forward to avoid dragging on the runway, and called for a new
           | type certification. The FAA failed by allowing Boeing to not
           | get a new type certification, which would have required
           | greater scrutiny of the new airframe.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | the airframe was fine. the problem was that mcas was
             | implemented in a totally shitty way. If it had just replied
             | on 3 sensors instead of 1, wet likely wouldn't be talking
             | about it now.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | No, the airframe was _different_ and didn 't handle the
               | same way as the old one. In order to hide that, Boeing
               | implemented in a terribly negligent way MCAS. Had they
               | accepted it's a different one, and had a different type
               | rating, all would have been fine.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | The 737 airframe reached a point where it was not
               | compatible anymore with modern engines. When the 737 was
               | designed, engines where a lot smaller, the nwer turbofans
               | simply don't fit under the wings of a 737 anymore, so
               | they had to be moved forward. That changed flight
               | characteristics, Boeing used MCAS to compensate for that.
               | If I remember correctly, on-board systems of 737 had
               | issues with handling a second sensor for MCAS (someone
               | with more knowledge please skim in). So they went with
               | that config, they went, as we see in the messages from
               | the chief tech pilot, to forgo major re-certification and
               | thus decided to hide MCAS true nature and impact from the
               | FAA. Consequently, they also hid it from EASA since FAA
               | and EASA basically trusted each others certifications.
               | 
               | Boeing, if you ask me, committed a cardinal sin in
               | aerospace. They cut corners, ignored redundancy, lied to
               | regulators and as a result directly caused airframe
               | losses killing crew and passengers. And that after
               | decades of efforts to increase safety. All that just to
               | save money and maybe keep market share.
               | 
               | Had they just done all the proper testing and development
               | they did _after_ the aircraft losses upfront none of that
               | would have happened.
        
               | jeffrallen wrote:
               | And also, the MAX would not exist at all, because the
               | flagship customer (Southwest) had basically said, "If it
               | requires pilot retraining, we won't buy it."
               | 
               | There's plenty of blame to go around, up to and including
               | the society that says it's ok to not pay a living wage to
               | the working class because "infinite downward price
               | pressure is good for consumers" (until they die in a
               | plane crash, that is).
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | As I understand it, the source is a very careful
           | implementation of a spec, and the FAA should have the spec.
           | 
           | In any case, I strongly doubt that the buck should really
           | stop at this test pilot. Someone higher up surely has some
           | degree of responsibility. The test pilot did not invent MCAS.
        
         | cs702 wrote:
         | To paraphrase J. K. Galbraith, at any given time there exists
         | an inventory of undiscovered regulatory fraud in the economy,
         | and this inventory is part of the _bezzle_.[a] In good times
         | regulators are relaxed and trusting, and their approval is
         | easier to obtain. Under these circumstances the rate of
         | regulatory fraud grows, the rate of discovery falls off, and
         | the regulatory bezzle increases rapidly. In bad times all this
         | is reversed. Actions are watched with a narrow, suspicious eye.
         | Regulators assume everyone is dishonest until proven otherwise.
         | Regulatory audits are penetrating and meticulous. Commercial
         | morality is enormously improved. The regulatory bezzle shrinks.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | [a] The term "bezzle" was proposed by J. K. Galbraith in _The
         | Great Crash of 1929_ : "To the economist embezzlement is the
         | most interesting of crimes. Alone among the various forms of
         | larceny it has a time parameter. Weeks, months or years may
         | elapse between the commission of the crime and its discovery.
         | (This is a period, incidentally, when the embezzler has his
         | gain and the man who has been embezzled, oddly enough, feels no
         | loss. There is a net increase in psychic wealth.) At any given
         | time there exists an inventory of undiscovered embezzlement in
         | - or more precisely not in - the country's business and banks.
         | This inventory - it should perhaps be called the bezzle -
         | amounts at any moment to many millions of dollars. It also
         | varies in size with the business cycle. In good times people
         | are relaxed, trusting, and money is plentiful. But even though
         | money is plentiful, there are always many people who need more.
         | Under these circumstances the rate of embezzlement grows, the
         | rate of discovery falls off, and the bezzle increases rapidly.
         | In depression all this is reversed. Money is watched with a
         | narrow, suspicious eye. The man who handles it is assumed to be
         | dishonest until he proves himself otherwise. Audits are
         | penetrating and meticulous. Commercial morality is enormously
         | improved. The bezzle shrinks."
         | (https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1466583-the-great-
         | cras...)
        
         | desertedisland wrote:
         | Well the FAA discovered the pilot lied and now the pilot is in
         | serious ** with his career and reputation destroyed: I'm
         | assuming he is looking at possible jail time (not a lawyer).
         | 
         | I'd say this is a serious deterrent to pilots contemplating
         | similar action in the future but I don't think the problem was
         | with the FAA or this pilot. The real problem was the senior
         | management at Boeing who made the conscious decision to put
         | profits ahead of safety. Thus they were directly responsible
         | for creating a culture of short cuts and cheating which lead to
         | the ending of several hundred lives.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | This is the reality of most certification processes. There is
         | no government agency that has the knowledge to evaluate planes
         | on a technical level. So what they do is ensuring engineering
         | care and diligence, clear responsibilities and paper trails in
         | a way that risk is minimized and failures can quickly be
         | located and corrected.
         | 
         | At least that is how it is done for medical appliances, I
         | assume FDA and FAA work similarly. But government just doesn't
         | have the extra engineers to technically evaluate every part of
         | a new plane. That would induce massive costs and the manpower
         | simply doesn't exist.
         | 
         | But if companies don't use due diligence to ensure safety,
         | these agencies have the power to penalize you heavily, so you
         | have to comply anyway. Sadly there is also a political
         | component so agencies sometimes have to work against pressure
         | from politicians that don't want to damage domestic brands.
         | 
         | I believe this case was a clear management error for that
         | matter but the FDA probably has more info.
        
         | larrydag wrote:
         | Also this feels a lot like Boeing offering up a sacrificial
         | lamb. I find it hard to believe that the FAA can focus on one
         | person at Boeing as the reason for the failure in reporting the
         | issue. There are too many managers and engineers involved. On
         | the surface this sounds a lot like the Challenger disaster
         | story.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Overall though, I'm at least happy _some_ individuals are
           | getting prosecuted, it sends a message that there are legal
           | risks to individuals involved in this kind of thing, not just
           | diluted corporate responsibility.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | What really needs to change is the corporate culture that
             | led a person to think that they would be doing the company
             | a favor by lying to the regulators. This probably goes all
             | the way to the top.
             | 
             | Also, whomever decided that a basic software safety check
             | would be an optional extra with a price tag should
             | definitely not be in the management chain. That's the sort
             | of next quarter profit-only thinking that rots companies
             | from the middle out. That is the kind of thinking that
             | results in your brand new product killing 346 human beings.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | The "software safety check" wasn't an optional extra. It
               | didn't _exist_ at all! The optional add on was for an
               | "AOA DISAGREE" warning light, which would have indicated
               | that the MCAS might be relying on faulty data (if the
               | pilot was even aware of MCAS in the first place) but
               | wouldn't have actually stopped it from doing so.
               | 
               | Now, the updated MCAS will only activate if both AOA
               | sensors agree. Which seems like a fucking no brainer that
               | should have been the case from the start, but... yeah.
        
             | trebligdivad wrote:
             | Only if the people actually responsible get prosecuted;
             | prosecuting the wrong person sneds the message that the
             | people really responsible get away with it - so there is
             | need for some care.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Even prosecuting the wrong people at least encourages
               | whistle blowing. If someone thinks they might be the
               | sacrificial lamb if excrement hits the fan they can
               | protect themselves by being the first to report it to
               | regulators
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | Is Boeing offering a lamb, or the justice dept applying
           | pressure to get him to cooperate and try to get higher level
           | targets?
        
           | softawre wrote:
           | At least it is somebody with a big title. Chief Technical
           | Pilot.
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | Genuinely curious; how big is that title? Are they
             | essentially an overall project manager who gives the green
             | light? Do they have the power to tell the executive class
             | "Nope" without getting fired?
             | 
             | Never mind. I saw Buildsjets comment that explains his
             | position.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | At some point, auditors have to trust some things that their
         | subjects are saying. If the auditor has to re-evaluate every
         | piece of information, they will end up re-doing the subjects'
         | jobs.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | There's a bit of backstory here where things the auditors
           | used to verify first hand devolved into from-a-distance. And
           | too friendly a relationship with the businesses they were
           | auditing.
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | And that's how we got the VAG emissions scandal. Instead of
           | trusting computer outputs, we could have done tried and true
           | dyno tests and the entire thing would have been avoided.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | The defeat devices were designed to detect dyno conditions
             | and reduce emissions, it wasn't a case of a regulator
             | trusting a computer output. They were uncovered by doing
             | road tests.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Which a competent regulator would surely be doing
               | randomly across the industry no?
               | 
               | If all they are doing is trusting what the regulated
               | folks are saying they are doing, that isn't what I would
               | call effective regulation.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | Most regulators don't verify much, (the SEC almost never
               | actually looks at bank account balances,) they just look
               | for inconsistencies in the information they receive.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The SEC isn't regulating banks generally so bank account
               | balances shouldn't matter much - they are regulating
               | security markets no?
               | 
               | So looking at discrepancies between data from market
               | participants IS verifying and regulating.
               | 
               | Same as if the FDA looked at raw study data and compared
               | it to equivalent studies for similar types of
               | drugs/treatments, or the FAA had an engineer on staff to
               | double check elements of a new design from a major
               | manufacturer for plausibility
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | I meant to imply that the SEC could check companies' bank
               | accounts to verify the truthfulness of balance sheets and
               | income statements.
        
         | CheezeIt wrote:
         | There is such thing as too much regulation. If they had more
         | funding, that would lower industrial output simply by sucking
         | engineers away from productive activity. That's even if it
         | doesn't negatively affect aviation with too much regulation.
        
         | zeristor wrote:
         | Given that the engines were moved forward changing the Centre
         | of Mass I would expect an Aerospace Engineer to be aware and
         | concerned that this is an issue that would require an automated
         | intervention to correct for that, and that would need to be
         | extremely robust.
         | 
         | In hindsight that's easy for me to say, and the FAA had gone to
         | relying on Boeing engineers, but as mentioned if there was huge
         | pressure for Boeing to compete things could get overlooked.
        
         | Bostonian wrote:
         | Government regulation makes sense when there are externalities,
         | for example a polluting factory that harms society but not the
         | company. Airplane manufacturers, however, can self-regulate. If
         | their planes are unsafe they will be bankrupted by the lawsuits
         | of families of dead passengers, and airlines will not buy their
         | planes.
        
         | GavinMcG wrote:
         | It isn't one or the other! This guy could have committed fraud
         | _and_ been effectively abetted by a regulatory body that lacks
         | the resources, incentives, or power to actually regulate.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > The whole point of independent regulation is to not allow
         | obvious conflicts of interest to harm the public.
         | 
         | Like all centralized systems, easy to hack over time. A better
         | system would be decentralized regulatory bodies that check on
         | each other's conclusions instead of a monolithic one.
         | 
         | At this stage you absolutely should not trust any regulatory
         | body, FDA included. (The FDA never replicates any trial for
         | example)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | KarlKemp wrote:
         | At some level, you have to trust the information you get.
         | 
         | There is also good reason to trust it, especially when it comes
         | from a large company such as Boeing: it is stupid for such an
         | organization to lie to you, because it risks its existence for
         | the rather small payoff of avoiding delays for a single model.
         | 
         | It's even worse for individual employees at the company: they
         | risk jail time and aren't even the direct beneficiary.
         | 
         | Example: see above
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | What you talk about the FAA doing thier own testing and
         | validation is (unfortunately) almost impossible. Back in the
         | 90s, a senior FAA official (I think a Director) had said
         | something along the lines of "The FAA does not and cannot check
         | everything, we just see that companies are doing their tests."
         | The FAA would require several times more manpower to be able to
         | actually audit or test everything, and that is assuming they
         | have the technical skills (which they haven't had for highly
         | complex systems and electronics for decades now).
         | 
         | I'm afraid I'm saying a lot of things from memory from the time
         | I had written a report on the Max 8 accidents and an actor
         | analysis. (I'd anyone is interested I could perhaps share it.)
         | Most of this stuff came from the DoT report on the accident,
         | the rest from reputable news articles.
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | It wouldn't require several times more manpower for the FAA
           | to figure out there's something called MCAS that didn't exist
           | before, would it? (Note that I'm talking in the current world
           | we live in, not in a hypothetical world where Boeing would be
           | a mortal enemy of the FAA doing everything within the stretch
           | of human imagination to hide MCAS.)
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | It would be nice if the FAA were able to bill large
             | companies making planes the public is intended to fly on
             | commercially for all of the hours required to process the
             | 'type certification' fully and exhaustively.
             | 
             | That process would include validating all aspects of the
             | mechanical specifications and changes of parts (reused
             | already OK parts from the same authorized suppliers would
             | be a quick check-off), mechanical engineering, electrical
             | engineering, computer software, and any changes for
             | maintenance and end operators.
             | 
             | Describing it fully like that, I believe the only benefit
             | to 'type certification' should be training for the end
             | users, but major overhauls should require retraining and
             | that should be caught.
        
             | ribosometronome wrote:
             | From the article: >Because of his alleged deceit, the FAA
             | AEG deleted all reference to MCAS from the final version of
             | the 737 MAX FSB Report published in July 2017
             | 
             | The FAA was aware that this system existed.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | AFAICT (medium certainty), the development sequence went
               | thusly: (1) MCAS added to design, (2) FAA informed about
               | MCAS, (3) MCAS potential control inputs and overrides
               | drastically increased during development, (4) FAA not
               | informed about changes, (5) FAA certifies aircraft on
               | basis of (2).
               | 
               | So it's probably most accurate to say "the FAA was aware
               | of the system existing, but incorrect on the details of
               | that system."
        
             | r3trohack3r wrote:
             | Out of curiosity, how confident are you that there aren't
             | any other novel systems that didn't exist before on a
             | similar level as MCAS?
             | 
             | Having not had a public debacle around them, how much
             | effort would it take for you to personally certify that
             | MCAS is the only novel system of its caliber on these
             | aircraft?
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > Out of curiosity, how confident are you that there
               | aren't any other novel systems that didn't exist before
               | on a similar level as MCAS?
               | 
               | Me? What makes you think I would have information on
               | this?
               | 
               | If I had to hazard a random guess, I would think that, if
               | you're talking about the MAX 8, there have been enough
               | leaks and testimonies and whistleblowers that any
               | comparable system would have probably been mentioned
               | somewhere. I have no idea either way, I haven't read
               | everything that's gotten out. But I don't see why a
               | regulator couldn't use various means to figure stuff like
               | this out with reasonably high confidence.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | The airplane couldn't have been built without many system
               | diagrams showing MCAS, or a similarly complex component.
               | 
               | The FAA _should have_ pulled schematics directly from
               | Boeing engineering during certification. And the FAA
               | _should have_ someone with enough technical expertise and
               | experience look at them. And that person _should have_
               | said  "The submitted information by Boeing doesn't
               | include full details on this subsystem."
               | 
               | Whether or not the Boeing test pilot _highlighted_ the
               | system for the FAA is a red herring. It 's the FAA's job
               | to find this, regardless of whether someone points them
               | at it.
               | 
               | If the FAA doesn't have the technical staffing or
               | expertise to do this, then _that 's_ the problem.
               | Charging the test pilot is necessary, but not sufficient.
               | 
               | If the FAA infrequently performs this work (certification
               | of a new aircraft), then flex in retired expertise! You
               | can't tell me there aren't qualified, retired candidates
               | (ex-industry or ex-FAA) who would have signed up for a
               | year or two review. And all the better that they don't
               | have career incentives!
               | 
               | Essentially, this is the FAA charging Boeing for not
               | doing the FAA's job correctly.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | > would require several times more manpower
           | 
           | Or they could be several times more efficient. $17.5
           | billion/yr can do a lot.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | Perhaps the FAA could get Airbus to contribute a review of
           | the test plan when a new plane is close to release. Then
           | you'd certainly see a more lively technical debate.
        
           | rdiddly wrote:
           | None of those are unfixable problems at the FAA though. It
           | all just boils down to a hiring problem. (If there were a
           | will to actually have a functioning government.)
        
           | yason wrote:
           | FAA could facilitate smoketesting and focus on parts they
           | deem the most suspicious/experimental/new in a new airplane.
           | And then outsource the actual tests to a third party.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | What could possibly go wrong?
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | By law, the certifiction activities done by the EASA (I
             | assume the FAA is the same) cannot be done by third
             | parties. It also worth noting, that the aircraft
             | certification procedures worked pretty well for _decades_ ,
             | up until Boeing started to lie to the FAA. Not sure how
             | Boeing kept its design org approval after that.
             | 
             | EDIT: Some required activities by the organizations to be
             | certified can be outsourced to third parties, the org
             | itself is still accountable.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | > Not sure how Boeing kept its design org approval after
               | that
               | 
               | That's an easy one. It's too big to fail. One way or
               | another Boeing had to make it out the other end of the
               | 737 Max disaster intact as an organisation. Anything else
               | would have been unpalatable from the point of view of the
               | American military industrial complex. I know that phrase
               | is usually applied in a derogatory way but here I don't
               | even disagree with the thinking.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | That seems to be the answer. And I kind of get the
               | reasoning. Under EASE rules, there are accountable people
               | at the head of approved design and production orgs. I
               | hope those people at least got their licenses revoked, if
               | something similar exists under FAA rules.
        
           | picsao wrote:
           | They could sample statements sporadically and thus have some
           | checks instead of none?
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | What manpower would be needed? How often are new aircraft
           | validated? That's pretty scary that at the end of the day
           | it's just a corporate shill pilot validating. What is the
           | point of all the regulations if that's all that it takes?
        
             | FlyMoreRockets wrote:
             | Every single component in every single aircraft
             | certificated in the USA is tracked all the way to the mine.
             | A quick web search reveals around 11.3 million people work
             | in the aviation industry directly. A significant portion of
             | this would have to be duplicated if the FAA were to verify
             | everything.
        
           | smnrchrds wrote:
           | I don't think this style of regulation is limited to FAA. FDA
           | does not independently test all drugs either. They just
           | review and ensure the drug companies' tests are acceptable.
        
             | mvc wrote:
             | I'm afraid this is the logical consequence of a majority of
             | people falling for the lie that "government can't do things
             | as efficiently as the private sector".
             | 
             | When people vote for politicians who say
             | "government is wasteful",       "there's too much red tape"
             | 
             | what did they think was going to happen?
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | When politicians say "government is wasteful" or
               | "government can't do things as efficiently as the private
               | sector", what they're saying is that their management
               | style is wasteful.
               | 
               | Would somebody asserting that about _their_ _own_ _job_
               | even make it past the interview in the private sector?
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Or they could be saying that centralized monopolies are
               | rarely efficient. That is certainly my experience. For
               | example, SpaceX undercut NASA by a factor of about 10,
               | according to this FT report: https://www.ft.com/content/2
               | 5e2292b-a910-41c8-9c55-09096895f...
        
               | Randosaurus wrote:
               | NASA sources their materials from the private sector. The
               | private sector is notoriously "price gougey" when it
               | comes to government money.
        
               | jkfdrsak wrote:
               | Government actors are responsible for acquiring material
               | at normative costs. Their failure to do so is their own.
        
               | samhw wrote:
               | _Normal_ costs.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercorrection
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sdhfjgjh wrote:
               | "Price gougey" implies that the prices are unethical; not
               | in compliance with ethical norms; not normative.
        
               | Randosaurus wrote:
               | Exactly! And when all US companies refuse to lower their
               | prices, they should start sourcing from foreign companies
               | to increase competition!
               | 
               | Oh hey look, I'm signing yet another contract with an
               | arbitration clause when signing up for a cell phone
               | service. Must be my fault that all of them require the
               | arbitration clause...
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | plane-pal aircraft coming soon to a gate near you!
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | What they're actually saying is "If you sponsor us we
               | will make sure government money goes your way."
               | 
               | Efficiency - or the lack of it - is absolutely not the
               | point.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | I think the worlds greatest agency couldn't evaluate a so
               | complex system as the Max. They should just have said no.
               | 
               | I believe it is foremost a complexity issue, and the
               | MCAS(?) failure is just one of the many things that could
               | go wrong, that actually did. Boing probably have more
               | issues with the plane that is waiting to surface given
               | their culture ...
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Saying "no" would have been an evaluation.
               | 
               | It's a management function. If someone comes to you and
               | says "We want to rewrite everything so it runs on a
               | Raspberry PI powered by a hamster wheel" you don't need
               | to ask about the engineering spec of the hamster wheel.
               | 
               | The Max MCAS was only marginally more plausible in
               | overview. Details were never going to rescue it.
        
               | 2rsf wrote:
               | I don't think so, testing like you refer to is not
               | scalable and even more inefficient.
               | 
               | Letting an external auditors understand all the small
               | technical details and test them independently will
               | basically halt any progress. It might make this specific
               | change safer but for the long run will slow down
               | innovation and development of better and safer products.
               | 
               | This has some similarity to software development- we test
               | much better but prefer to move faster to achieve a better
               | overall quality and be able to fix issues faster and
               | better
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | jaycroft wrote:
             | And FINRA is made up of brokers and banks but overseen by
             | the SEC. The EPA doesn't directly monitor every factory.
             | The NTSB sets general testing guidelines and standards and
             | seems to have greatly increased auto and aviation safety,
             | but they can't police everything and at least to the public
             | seem to regulate after the fact.
             | 
             | The general term, I believe, is self-regulatory-
             | organization. The theory, I guess, is that the government
             | sets the laws and says very generally, "no fraud", and "you
             | have to write your own rules and make sure they're good",
             | but offers little technical guidance otherwise. I think
             | this could work well if there were very heavy penalties for
             | failures to self-police, but in practice the revolving door
             | between government and industry incentivizes slap on the
             | wrist style punishment. It's a hard problem and I don't
             | think we're doing well over the last few decades.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | ... and for most of the agencies, it's not that their
               | budget is small or the agency itself is incompetent: it's
               | what's required by law and they can't override it unless
               | Congress decides to change the laws.
        
               | thereddaikon wrote:
               | You don't want regulatory agencies creating law on their
               | own though. Not only is that unconstitutional but the
               | reason its unconstitutional is because you would
               | inevitably end up with some busybody who is not
               | accountable to the people massively over stepping their
               | power and creating tyranny.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Regulatory agencies create "laws" all the time. When
               | Congress creates legislation, they rarely spell out all
               | the details and implementations. This is left to the
               | agency to interpret, and they have a wide latitude in
               | both interpretation and enforcement.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Look up Administrative law, and prepare for the pucker
               | moment when you realize that what you described is
               | actually exactly how it works.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> You don 't want regulatory agencies creating law on
               | their own though._
               | 
               | While I agree with this as a matter of personal opinion,
               | it is not at all the actual fact in our current
               | regulatory regime. Federal regulatory agencies create law
               | all the time. Look at the Federal Register; every
               | regulation in there has the force of law and was written
               | by a regulatory agency.
               | 
               |  _> you would inevitably end up with some busybody who is
               | not accountable to the people massively over stepping
               | their power and creating tyranny._
               | 
               | Which is exactly the situation now.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | > Not only is that unconstitutional
               | 
               | While I do study relevant US laws as required in my job
               | (requiring familiarity with how law operates in countries
               | where we operate), I am not an American, but I do
               | understand certain things with regards to the US
               | constitution and relevant case laws.
               | 
               | The Congress originally meets only for a few months'
               | time, usually less than 6 months. This is due to the
               | reality of the time, where travel is slow and
               | representatives only receive a comparable salary to most
               | people. Thus, it is exactly empowered to delegate certain
               | powers to the executive branch. As someone mentioned, the
               | administrative law is a cornerstone law and yet it
               | delegates many powers to the executive branch.
               | 
               | In fact, said law and many, many, _many_ similar
               | (federal) laws have been upheld constitutional in the
               | Supreme Court. There are certain powers that only
               | Congress can do, and cannot be delegated to the executive
               | branch, but it is clearly laid out in the constitution
               | what those are (notably spending). Now I said federal
               | because in certain states, the legislature can only
               | delegate in very narrow situations (usually only in cases
               | where lives would be in danger or in the protection of
               | properties and where a need of immediate response is
               | demonstrated).
               | 
               | So I'm confused why are you saying that is
               | unconstitutional, in fact American history shows a _very_
               | different answer. If you _think_ that should be not
               | allowed, you 're entitled to your own opinion. However
               | unless I read it incorrectly, the constitution, even
               | considering the various amendments, is unfortunately not
               | aligned with your opinion.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> the constitution, even considering the various
               | amendments, is unfortunately not aligned with your
               | opinion._
               | 
               | Sure it is. Article I of the Constitution says that _all_
               | legislative power shall be vested in Congress. That means
               | anything that has the force of law--and all Federal
               | regulations created by executive branch agencies under
               | the current US regulatory regime have the force of law;
               | you can be fined or jailed for violating them--has to be
               | passed by Congress using the process described in Article
               | I. So any Federal regulation that has not been passed by
               | that process--i.e., every one of them--is
               | unconstitutional.
               | 
               | The fact that current US jurisprudence disagrees with
               | that statement just illustrates how far current US
               | jurisprudence has diverged from what the Constitution
               | actually says. The status of Federal regulations is by no
               | means the only example: current US jurisprudence says
               | that Congress can regulate farmers growing crops for
               | their own personal use because of the Commerce Clause;
               | and that a city government can use the eminent domain
               | power to evict people from their homes and turn the
               | property over to a private development corporation (that
               | ends up never developing the land anyway), and that
               | counts as a "public use" under the Fifth Amendment.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | Of course the FDA has to regulate 10s of 1000s of
             | companies\drugs\trials. The FAA basically just oversees
             | Boeing and Airbus in the large commercial jet market and
             | either offers 10s of models...
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | The FAA oversees every flying object in the US. Not just
               | new models, but also config changes to existing models,
               | continued airworthiness, all the design org and
               | production org certification of manufacturers (per site)
               | and suppliers (again, per site). Which is quite a
               | workload, especially in a world as complex as aerospace.
        
               | Randosaurus wrote:
               | The point remains.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | What point? That the FAA screwed up? That Boeing
               | intentionally lied? Those were nver in question.
               | 
               | If it is the point that the FAAs job should be easy
               | because the only oversee Boeing and Airbus, well that
               | point is just ignorant.
        
               | Randosaurus wrote:
               | If you're unable to understand LattleLazy's point it's
               | probably best to refrain from responding to them until
               | you do.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | The FAA oversees all portions of pilot licensing,
               | airplane manufacture, airplane service, operations,
               | traffic control, idiots with drones, etc, for general and
               | commercial aviation in the entire country.
               | 
               | Certifying new commercial models is but a small portion
               | of what they do. By number of employees and budget I
               | would bet that ATC is actually their biggest
               | responsibility. That's not to say that they should just
               | rubber stamp all that...
        
             | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
             | Yeah, people are are drastically underestimating how
             | enormous the testing apparatus is at a company like Boeing.
             | It's thousands of employees. Expecting the FAA to duplicate
             | those efforts is ridiculous.
             | 
             | I don't know much about the FAA, but as someone who works
             | in healthcare, I know the FDA conducts regular audits of
             | medical device manufacturers.
             | 
             | They roll in for a week, request access to everything and
             | everywhere, then pick a handful of areas (randomly) to do a
             | full deep-dive. Generally, if a company is cutting corners,
             | discrepancies will exist in many areas and they'll quickly
             | spot one or more of them. I assume the FAA operates
             | similarly.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | Indeed. The FDA just has a multi-step process where you
             | need to define how you'll run your trials, what data you'll
             | collect and whether it's enough to get approval.
             | 
             | The FDA very carefully reviews the submissions, requires
             | validation of tests and safeguards so data can't easily be
             | manipulated. But the system is built on trust. If a company
             | wants to manipulate, fake or exclude negative data they
             | can. They'll likely get caught, but not always.
        
             | josefx wrote:
             | Similar for many other things, the report most countries
             | based the safety of roundup on was written by Monsanto
             | itself. Most countries only check these reports for
             | completeness and obvious errors, they don't try to run the
             | studies themselves. However that "error checking" of the
             | report is something where the FAA fucked up, the
             | information on the MCAS provided by Boeing was completely
             | out of date, either the documented testing procedures where
             | incomplete or the FAA did not notice that the MCAS handled
             | cases far outside of its original specification.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | A pair of eyeballs, a brain and a set of teeth are all a
           | regulator needs, in other words.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Your comment boils down to a false dilemma fallacy between
           | "FAA blindly trusts manufacturers" and "FAA conducts their
           | own testing and validation." Clearly they could have been
           | more actively reviewing stuff coming from Boeing, or engaging
           | in some level of auditing.
           | 
           | If the FAA had paid attention they would have seen a company
           | desperate to compete modifying numerous basic characteristics
           | of an airplane to the point of making it aerodynamically
           | unstable, using a flight control system as a bandaid to fix
           | this.
           | 
           | Not to mention being such massively cheap assholes that they
           | literally didn't install warning lights in the cockpit to
           | tell the pilots when the sensor their flight computer would
           | use to override control inputs, had failed.
        
             | asah wrote:
             | Actually, this is a sauce effect of the complexity of
             | modern systems: regulators have no choice but to trust
             | companies and regulate the results of tests, with heavy
             | penalties for cheating. Consider pharmaceutical trials:
             | it's impractical for the FDA to check on each patient.
             | Financial audits often assume the client isn't directly
             | lying to the auditor, with criminal penalties as the
             | disincentive.
             | 
             | The alternative requires raising costs and slowing progress
             | and innovation, which is a nonstart in a competitive
             | environment such as Boeing vs Airbus.
        
               | verve_rat wrote:
               | But in the case of aircraft we pay for that innovation
               | and "progress" with dead bodies. Maybe it is time to
               | rethink the cost/benefit of how we enforce these
               | regulations.
        
               | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
               | We've always paid for innovation and progress with human
               | lives. It's not as though that's a new phenomenon! To
               | think we can get away with pushing forward the state of
               | the art without a cost in blood is safetyism.
        
               | OneTimePetes wrote:
               | It can be done, it just costs money. It can not be done
               | within the liberal frame of mind, were everything that
               | costs money is tax and thus theft.
               | 
               | So why not reformulate it correctly. In my ideology, it
               | is not possible to solve this problem.
               | 
               | If that ideology would be out of the way, it could
               | actually be tested pretty good via unittest running a
               | simulation. So once developed those tests would actually
               | be pretty cheap to run.
               | 
               | Its just this ideologic blindspot that prevents good
               | safety.
        
               | kiklion wrote:
               | > It can be done, it just costs money.
               | 
               | Well money and time.
               | 
               | You speak as if you think that if only the great
               | billionaires accepted a little less money then we could
               | have safety.
               | 
               | How many lives are you willing to lose for a multi year
               | delay to accommodate the FDA recreating every required
               | test that the pharmaceutical company did? How many lives
               | are currently lost because the current system doesn't
               | work?
               | 
               | Your suggestion is akin to voter id's as a requirement to
               | prevent voter fraud. How many legitimate voters are going
               | to be prevented from voting due to the new rules to stop
               | how many prior confirmed cases of voter fraud?
               | 
               | This isn't a lack of resources. This is society deciding
               | that the resources are better used elsewhere.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | > _This is society* deciding that the resources are
               | better used elsewhere_
               | 
               | * Actual decisions on resource allocation made by
               | regulatory agencies, which have a close partnership and
               | history of employment with the industry being regulated.
               | 
               | It's different to say "society decided" vs 'a specialized
               | subset of society, with tangled incentives, decided.'
               | 
               | At the end of the day, it's a spectrum from (no
               | oversight) to (full, independent validation).
               | 
               | Boeing didn't want MCAS highlighted as a change, Boeing
               | didn't want the FAA to independently discover it, and
               | Boeing got all these things. Either by action on its part
               | or by design of what the FAA did and did not
               | independently verify.
               | 
               | That's a strong indicator we should shift regulatory
               | posture _further_ towards (full, independent
               | verification). And while it may be cost prohibitive to
               | shift _all_ the way there, that 's doesn't mean we can't
               | shift _closer_ to it.
        
               | Randosaurus wrote:
               | This is the only real reasonable stance in light of what
               | happened with the 737 MAX.
        
               | verve_rat wrote:
               | Did society decide this distribution of resources? Or was
               | it lobbying?
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Our society, as presently organized, delegates that
               | choice to lobbyists. That is one failing.
               | 
               | The problem with the FAA vs Boeing is not that the system
               | is designed around the (correct!) assumption that the
               | public's and FAA's interests, on one hand, and Boeing's
               | interests on the other are aligned. This failure cost
               | Boeing enormously!
               | 
               | What was _not_ aligned were Boeing 's interests and
               | Boeing upper management interests. The pervasive failure
               | of our society to force CxOs to align with the companies
               | they run and with society at large is much bigger than
               | just in aviation.
               | 
               | That some pilot was indicted, but not the management he
               | was responsive to, is a glaring indicator of this
               | failing.
        
               | asah wrote:
               | LOL speling: sauce effect => side effect!
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | The 737 Max is not aerodynamically unstable. I don't know
             | where people got this idea. The purpose of MCAS is to match
             | existing stick pressure progression in certain situations.
             | It's not a fly-by-wire system like the F-16.
        
               | roelschroeven wrote:
               | Not just _existing_ stick pressure progression, but
               | _required_ stick pressure progression. As far as I
               | understand it, in that specific situation the 737 MAX
               | without MCAS does not comply with the rules regarding
               | aerodynamic stability. It 's not dramatic, doesn't
               | manifest itself in normal flight, and could be dealt with
               | by pilots quite easily as far as I understand it. But
               | it's a rule, and it was important enough for Boeing to
               | first put a quite gentle MCAS on the plane, and then to
               | increase the effect of MCAS.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | This is correct. It is non-compliance for control stick
               | forces to slacken towards a stall on a passenger carrying
               | aircraft. They put a gadget in the system to render it
               | compliant.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, they did not work as hard as they should
               | have to ensure that it would not malfunction. Or to make
               | sure if it did pilot's were aware and had a chance to
               | develop muscle memory for it.
               | 
               | All of that was Management's push.
        
           | roofwellhams wrote:
           | How can you be a regulator when you have no clue what are you
           | doing?
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | _> What you talk about the FAA doing thier own testing and
           | validation is (unfortunately) almost impossible._
           | 
           | No, it isn't. It's just more work than the government feels
           | like doing, involving more technical skill than the
           | government feels like hiring.
           | 
           | The problem is that the government can't have it both ways.
           | It can't both claim that it is regulating airlines and
           | airplane manufacturers to protect public safety, and also
           | claim that it can't independently check what the regulated
           | entities are telling it. It has to be one or the other:
           | either we get the actual independent regulation that the
           | government claims to be doing, with whatever resources it
           | takes, or we all admit that we are _not_ going to get that
           | because the government is incapable of doing it, and we
           | figure out some other way of ensuring safety.
        
           | pithon wrote:
           | I've heard people break the design/implement/test phases down
           | to essentially equal parts in terms of cost. It's not a small
           | task if you think about a government agency's testing
           | capabilities potentially needing to be roughly 1/3 of what
           | the private industry is throwing at it. I can see where they
           | need to be pragmatic and adopt a stance where they're really
           | just overseeing the vendor's testing and doing some spot
           | checks. Not ideal, though.
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | Like, how many new major passenger planes do they have to
           | test every year? 0.1 on average?
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | Or, more precisely: How many new major passenger planes a
             | year that are trying to imitate the same type rating as an
             | older aircraft do they have to test a year?
             | 
             | In that specific case probably the important parts to
             | review are the bits that try to make the new airframe
             | handle the same as the old one.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | Let's say it is 0.1 on average, and the FAA would need 5
             | years just to test. That gives you an expected wait time of
             | 10 years to get something tested, and 20 years if you
             | include development time. I'm sure the industry benefits
             | from lower turnaround times than that.
        
               | antihero wrote:
               | I would imagine they could test multiple planes at the
               | same time.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | Sure. So you take half the staff and put them on testing
               | a second plane. Then each individual plane takes 10 years
               | to test instead. (Remember that you don't gain person-
               | hours for free just by shuffling people around.)
               | 
               | What would this accomplish? Instead of a total system
               | time average of 10 years, you now get an average testing
               | time of 10 years to which you still need to add the
               | queuing time, so you're even worse off than before.
               | 
               | (The queueing time won't be five years with two servers
               | in parallel, and I can't do the exact approximations in
               | my head, but it'll be at least two years. In other words,
               | by testing in parallel you worsen the cycle time from 20
               | years to at least 22 years.)
               | 
               | This is a good general rule: by taking on more work in
               | parallel, you'll make the turnaround time worse. This is
               | why lean consultants go on about limiting work-in-
               | progress.
               | 
               | Also a call to learn some basic queuing theory! It comes
               | in handy often.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Only if the workload doesn't shake out favorably in light
               | of Amdahl's law.
               | 
               | Most mechanical processes aren't necessarily conducive to
               | parallelization. Verification and information processing
               | on the other hand can do favorably in the presence of
               | non-reliance on a physical system-under-test.
               | 
               | Which subsystem vetting arguably is. If you're talking
               | vetting specs.
        
               | nrb wrote:
               | ... or increase the staffing[1] to a degree where you can
               | do more than the absolute bare minimum when lives are on
               | the line
               | 
               | 1: https://www.aviationtoday.com/2021/06/03/faa-asks-
               | budget-inc....
               | 
               | When there's a defined process that appears to run in
               | isolation, I don't see why there should be only one queue
               | in this case, considering that the task length cannot be
               | easily reduced.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | That sounds like they are knowingly incompetent? If a utility
           | regulator had no one on staff who knew how utility scale
           | power transmission/generation/whatever worked, that's what
           | we'd call it for sure.
           | 
           | And aerospace engineers are dirt cheap. What sort of clown
           | show is the FAA running?
        
             | tw04 wrote:
             | > That sounds like they are knowingly incompetent?
             | 
             | That sounds like they are knowingly underfunded, which they
             | are.
             | 
             | > And aerospace engineers are dirt cheap.
             | 
             | They are? Where are all the airline startups? I assume they
             | measure in the hundreds with all this dirt cheap talent
             | running around.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Aerospace engineers have as much to do with airlines as
               | software engineers have to do with data entry companies.
               | Which is to say pretty much nothing.
               | 
               | Aerospace requires lots of capital expense and is very
               | 'large customer' driven and aerospace engineers play
               | second (or third) fiddle to that, unlike in software.
        
               | tester34 wrote:
               | maybe this industry isn't like software where all
               | equipment you need for almost all jobs is 16gb ram, nvme
               | m2 disk, decent cpu laptop
        
             | Waterluvian wrote:
             | I think you're deeply misunderstanding the purpose of the
             | FAA and the magnitude of the problem here.
             | 
             | Like almost every other agency (the FDA didn't do the
             | vaccine trials; are they incompetent too?) they don't do
             | the tests. They just police the industry.
             | 
             | Theoretically if you set laws and regulations and dole out
             | severe punishment for bad behaviour, you don't need to be
             | the one running the tests.
             | 
             | People should want their government to run on trust (if
             | their culture is compatible with trust) because it's far
             | cheaper and more efficient.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | 'and dole out severe punishment for bad behaviour'
               | 
               | When will Boeing CEO and Board of Directors get locked up
               | as part of the severe punishment?
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | Presumably when it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt
               | that they conspired or deliberately overlooked the fraud.
               | The prosecutor has every incentive to get participants to
               | roll over and follow the conspiracy as high up the ladder
               | as it goes. Successfully prosecuting such a large profile
               | case, particularly with defendants with very little
               | public sympathy, would make his/her career.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Since you're not going to find any documentation of that
               | because of CYA, and Boeing is the flagship US aircraft
               | manufacturer with a protected (as in 'in the interest of
               | national security' protected) position to offset Airbus -
               | that's pretty much not going to happen.
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | I think it would be possible to ring-fence the
               | individuals to be prosecuted, facilitate an orderly
               | handover of power inside Boeing, and then prosecute the
               | individuals without risking mortal damage to the company.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | That ring should probably extend around McDonnell
               | Douglas' management from the 90s, which made their ways
               | into the upper echelon of Boeing during the merger.
        
               | Cipater wrote:
               | >The prosecutor has every incentive to get participants
               | to roll over and follow the conspiracy as high up the
               | ladder as it goes.
               | 
               | This is naivette.
               | 
               | See this:
               | 
               | https://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/lead-
               | boeing-...
               | 
               | From the article:
               | 
               | the case was settled with a deferred prosecution
               | agreement -- an agreement that Columbia Law Professor
               | John Coffee at the time called -- "one of the worst
               | deferred prosecution agreements I have seen."
               | 
               | Boeing did not have to plead guilty to any of the
               | allegations.
               | 
               | No Boeing executive was charged.
               | 
               | And the Boeing deferred prosecution agreement included an
               | unusual provision finding that a compliance monitor was
               | not necessary because "the misconduct was neither
               | pervasive across the organization, nor undertaken by a
               | large number of employees, nor facilitated by senior
               | mismanagement."
               | 
               | "That is without precedent," Coffee told Corporate Crime
               | Reporter earlier this year. "I have not seen that
               | anywhere else and I've looked at a number of deferred
               | prosecution agreements. Prosecutors themselves are not
               | conducting the investigation."
               | 
               | Boeing's lead corporate criminal defense law firm is
               | Kirkland & Ellis.
               | 
               | Erin Nealy Cox, the lead prosecutor in the Boeing case,
               | left the Justice Department earlier this year.
               | 
               | And last month she joined Kirkland & Ellis as a partner
               | in its Dallas office.
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | Wow. Thanks for the background. It seems to me there
               | should be a special investigator appointed to look into
               | potential prossecutorial misconduct here.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | So if the FDA is unable to find someone who can
               | understand or can't interpret/understand the studies
               | themselves enough to see flaws or likely fake data, they
               | should just take the companies word for it that it's all
               | good?
               | 
               | Last I remember this being a topic of discussion, the
               | stance was 'trust but verify' no?
               | 
               | While it may be efficient to rubber stamp things, it is
               | not doing their job. Folks scam all the time, especially
               | if they know no one is looking.
               | 
               | If they lack the competence to be able to independently
               | verify, they aren't being effective regulators.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | > _If they lack the competence to be able to
               | independently verify, they aren't being effective
               | regulators._
               | 
               | Bingo. If I use 3 managers and PMs who don't know how to
               | program for a code review, then that's not a very
               | effective code review.
        
             | nuerow wrote:
             | > And aerospace engineers are dirt cheap.
             | 
             | I suspect you're letting your software world experience
             | dictate your expectations of what engineering is all about,
             | and what it takes to actually get work done.
             | 
             | Software development is a rare field where the only
             | relevant resource is man hours. In other fields, including
             | aerospace engineering, trained meat bags tend to have a
             | negligible cost to the point where replacing a whole
             | engineering team might be a minor inconvenience. However,
             | crashing a prototype is a project killer due to cost alone.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It sounds a whole lot like you're agreeing with me - but
               | seem to think you're not?
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | I believe the OP's point is that if you're not just using
               | engineers to audit the tests Boeing does, then additional
               | engineers are a fraction of the cost of running a full
               | parallel aerospace test programme. The capex to set up
               | the test infrastructure is significant even if Boeing is
               | legally obliged to supply you with prototypes to destroy
               | at no cost (which obviously has an impact on the amount
               | of R&D Boeing is willing to do).
               | 
               | Also, you're not hiring from a diversely employed Valley
               | pool: most of the engineers with the requisite level of
               | understanding to test Boeing's hardware work for Boeing
               | (and to an extent its supply chain), which might mean you
               | don't have to offer them much of a pay rise, but it also
               | means [i] you're weakening the engineering capability of
               | the firms actually designing and building the stuff by
               | poaching them and [ii] their views on what's safe and
               | what's an appropriate level of testing aren't fully
               | independent anyway.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Eh, that doesn't sound like it?
               | 
               | 1) Boeing lays off thousands of aerospace engineers
               | regularly (they did as part of the max disaster), and
               | doesn't rehire them all back - the industry is highly
               | cyclical, and Boeing is periodically shifting locations
               | anyway
               | 
               | 2) the stated concern was Boeing brass was applying undue
               | influence to engineering correct? If those folks worked
               | for the FAA directly after being laid off , wouldn't they
               | be more than happy to stick it to Boeing brass if they
               | were telling them to cut corners?
               | 
               | 3) we're talking design overview and identifying where
               | Boeing (or others) may be 'putting their finger on the
               | scale' or trying to snow regulators by asserting bogus
               | test results or designing tests that they can pass by not
               | including important test criteria they may not pass
               | right? That is certainly something an engineer who was
               | previously in the industry would be aware of, or even a
               | independent engineer should be capable of spotting from
               | 'the outside' - and require they do.
               | 
               | 4) at (linked in a parallel thread) a median salary of
               | $118k, which is well within something the feds could
               | cover, the FAA can certainly afford to hire a non-token
               | amount of aerospace engineers onto their staff if they
               | actually wanted too/Congress wasn't trying to kill them.
               | This isn't like hiring on a FAANG staff software eng for
               | 700k or whatever which would cause outrage or break the
               | pay scale, and this is for something for which there are
               | clear large body counts that can be pointed at.
               | 
               | Now if we want to say Congress has been strangling the
               | FAA for a long time (like the IRS and USPS) and forcing
               | them to outsource to industry or whatever, hey - I could
               | believe it - but that is something that should be yelled
               | from the rooftops because that can be fixed, and that
               | will cost us a lot in blood.
               | 
               | I don't want more Americans dead due to corruption of a
               | regulatory process, especially not my friends or family,
               | and those are the stakes here.
        
               | nuerow wrote:
               | > _Eh, that doesn't sound like it?_
               | 
               | It should, as it was what I said. I'm really not sure if
               | it's possible to make a point any clearer.
               | 
               | > _Boeing lays off thousands of aerospace engineers
               | regularly (...)_
               | 
               | Sounds in line with the classical big corp style of
               | management. I'm not sure what any of that has to do with
               | humans not being the critical element of providing a
               | service. In fact, are you sure you're not supporting the
               | point you're trying to refute?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | You said that the FAA would be causing brain drain - in a
               | field where thousands get laid off all the time?
               | 
               | And that Boeing would surely be exerting influence on
               | them so they wouldn't catch issues - after Boeing laid
               | them off?
               | 
               | And that it wouldn't matter having competent engineers at
               | the FAA because catching things require expensive tests -
               | that the engineers if they existed at the FAA could
               | mandate Boeing pay for, since they would know they needed
               | them to do them?
               | 
               | Huh?
               | 
               | No one is saying the FAA should be running a full
               | parallel aerospace program. I'm saying if _they lack in
               | house competency to call bullshit on what a player they
               | are regulating is passing to them and relying on that
               | player to just always do the right thing, then they are
               | not effective regulators_
               | 
               | It would be like taking Facebooks word that they are
               | totally being good privacy wise, and not having anyone
               | available who understands internet tracking or adtech.
               | Which, is of course another failing regulator (looking at
               | you FTC), but at least that doesn't get hundreds of
               | people killed in giant fireballs?
        
             | aerospace_guy wrote:
             | > And aerospace engineers are dirt cheap
             | 
             | Inaccurate, please stop sharing misinformation. Seeing this
             | on HN is unfortunate.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Do you have any data to share? Most of my family has been
               | involved in Aerospace, with my dad working for
               | skunkworks, my brother working for Garmin (and a formal
               | aerospace engineer).
               | 
               | Most aerospace engineers are lucky to break 75k/yr to
               | start with little to no equity, and often need to move to
               | the middle of nowhere (compared to say NYC, SF, LA, etc
               | for software), and get hit with periodic catastrophic
               | layoffs with the regular cycles in the industry.
               | 
               | It's pretty common that software folks are paid 2-5x with
               | far less intense or zero credentialing and better work
               | conditions - at the same company.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | https://online-engineering.case.edu/blog/highest-paying-
               | engi...
               | 
               | Median numbers, so masks variability. But it looks like
               | AEs are generally paid decently, relative to other
               | engineers.
               | 
               | https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-
               | engineering/mobile/...
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Oof, even worse than I noted. So median (and that
               | includes established mid and late career aerospace
               | engineers too) is $118k all in?
               | 
               | That's roughly half of the initial comp for an entry
               | level software engineer at any of the SV firms, and most
               | folks will be making much more than that at said SV firms
               | within a couple years.
               | 
               | Being able to get a team of 4-5 experienced and
               | credentialed aerospace engineers for the comp of a single
               | 'senior' (mid-level somewhat competent but not amazing)
               | software engineer sounds dirt cheap to me?
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | You realize you just compared Silicon Valley software
               | engineer salaries in high margin industries to all
               | location aerospace engineer salaries in normal margin
               | industries?
               | 
               | If you want to baseline off SV salaries, you shouldn't be
               | looking at median all-AE numbers.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | You're the one that provided the numbers?
               | 
               | We're on a SV startup website, where the comparison to
               | cheap or not is of course going to be based on this.
               | 
               | You provided as a counterpoint to my statement on
               | aerospace eng's being cheap, data which shows median
               | salary across all experience levels of the field being
               | half the starting pay of a typical entry level SV
               | software engineer - which typically requires no specific
               | credentials, unlike Aerospace engineering.
               | 
               | If there is a large cluster of companies who pay 4x the
               | median aerospace engineer salary to Noobs, then please
               | provide said data. My understanding is those don't exist.
               | 
               | SpaceX, a high profile name and maybe the closest to a SV
               | type place you'll get in the industry pays between
               | $70-100k to their Aerospace engineers, based on multiple
               | sites. Here happens to be a random Reddit thread about it
               | in the first couple results.
               | 
               | [https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.reddit.com/r/engineerin
               | g/co...]
               | 
               | Which is exactly the point I'm making. When a straight
               | out of school software engineer has a whole section of an
               | industry they can go to that will pay them 2-5x what an
               | experienced aerospace engineer mid-point or even late in
               | their career can make ANYWHERE (except MAYBE a one-off
               | consulting gig somewhere), then aerospace engineers are
               | cheap no?
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | > ...a warning to everyone that that method of regulation is
         | not acceptable.
         | 
         | What part of the situation here is unacceptable? There were, I
         | believe, 2 crashes. We accept more than that with most modes of
         | transport. It isn't obvious that tightening the regulatory
         | process is a net win.
        
         | theknocker wrote:
         | Years later, we're still blaming the pilot just so a bunch of
         | brainwashed hipsters don't have to admit Donald Trump had a
         | point about something and they were wrong. We live in a giant
         | kindergarten; thanks.
        
       | dgdosen wrote:
       | I'm sure this guy knew what he was doing - but yes, he was
       | probably coerced or induced by someone with more authority.
       | 
       | There's no way the buck stops there.
        
         | didntknowya wrote:
         | well some C-level staff eventually has to take some
         | responsibility, can't keep passing the buck.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | You're generally not going to make it to C level at a Corp
           | that size if you aren't good at covering your ass.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | _some C-level staff eventually has to take some
           | responsibility_
           | 
           | That may be optimistic. Off the top of my head I can't
           | remember any c-level execs of such a massive corporation
           | having criminal charges brought against them. (except maybe
           | for some type of tax/securities fraud) There's probably...
           | some? My knowledge of the area certainly isn't comprehensive.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | Not C-level - but at Boeing, and _convicted_ of a felony in
             | the case: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darleen_Druyun
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | Volkswagon
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | What happened to the Enron guys? Didn't they go to jail? I
             | know one commited suicide, but the othe 2 spent some time
             | at Club Fed didn't they?
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Ken Lay (Chairman, CEO) had a heart attack and died, not
               | suicide. Jeffrey Skilling (CEO) was initially sentenced
               | to 24 years, later reduced to 14, served 12. Andrew
               | Fastow (CFO) was sentenced to 6 years, served 5.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Thanks for the correction.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | He _is_ c-level. He's the _Chief_ Technical Pilot.
        
             | dhx wrote:
             | "Chief Technical Pilot" is not a role listed amongst the
             | dozens of executive council roles and vice president roles
             | at Boeing[1].
             | 
             | What about the following executive roles listed at [1]:
             | 
             | * Chief Aerospace Safety Officer
             | 
             | * Chief Compliance Officer
             | 
             | * Chief Engineer
             | 
             | * Vice President, Total Quality, Boeing Commercial
             | Airplanes
             | 
             | * Vice President and Chief Engineer, Boeing Commercial
             | Airplanes
             | 
             | * Vice President, Manufacturing and Safety
             | 
             | Are there more indictments on the way? It doesn't sound
             | plausible that a "Chief Technical Pilot" at Boeing should
             | be ultimately responsible for signing off engineering
             | designs for MCAS, signing off on the System Safety Analysis
             | for MCAS, signing off on manuals to be provided to pilots
             | that omitted MCAS, signing off on training materials that
             | omitted MCAS, ensuring quality assurance across all of the
             | above, signing off on verification and validation of MCAS,
             | etc. There is a large team of people signing off on these
             | processes and documents. Per [2], "The chief pilot is among
             | the leaders who must concur that an airplane is
             | flightworthy before the company proceeds with a flight."
             | 
             | If I'm wrong and the chief pilot for an aircraft class is
             | indeed ultimately responsible for its design, engineering,
             | testing, training, certification and everything else, why
             | is this situation possible? Is there no independent quality
             | assurance and auditing?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.boeing.com/company/bios/
             | 
             | [2] https://www.boeing.com/commercial/737max/737-max-
             | pilots-role...
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | The Chief Project Engineer is the person who is
               | ultimately responsible for the design, engineering,
               | testing, setting training requirements, certification,
               | and everything else. The CPE for the 737 MAX was Michael
               | Teal. There's only room for one signature on the FAA
               | application for an ammended type certificate, and it was
               | his.
               | 
               | Forkner was not the Chief Pilot. He was the the Chief
               | Technical Pilot, who is the person responsible for
               | developing new training information for changed systems,
               | getting it certified by the FAA, and coordinating with
               | airlines to deploy it to their pilots. Therefore Forkner
               | was responsible for:
               | 
               | Signing off on manuals to be provided to pilots that
               | omitted MCAS. Signing off on training materials that
               | omitted MCAS. Signing on on the verification and
               | validation that MCAS was correctly represented in the
               | flight simulators.
        
               | dhx wrote:
               | The Boeing program wanted Level B training only[1] which
               | excludes flight simulator training, hence Forkner was
               | trying to achieve that requirement by avoiding the need
               | for pilots to undergo simulator training.
               | 
               | Even if you were to remove Forkner entirely from the
               | decision making process, pilots would have been asked to
               | fly an aircraft with a 'catastrophic' hazard only reduced
               | to 'hazardous' by training pilots to respond to a very
               | rare event within ~4 seconds of a failure event that the
               | pilots weren't even notified of because the AoA sensor
               | disagreement warning feature was an optional paid
               | addon[2]. If a pilot were to take 10 seconds to
               | respond... too late, the aircraft would likely have been
               | lost[3].
               | 
               | Even with the best training in the world, is it
               | reasonable to just expect pilots, within seconds, to be
               | able to work around 100's of crap engineering and human
               | machine interaction design decisions? As [3] notes, the
               | lack of consideration of the pilot (as a human not a
               | robot or computer) in the engineering design of the
               | aircraft is glaring. Corporate Boeing wanted an aircraft
               | that pilots didn't need to be retrained in, and thanks to
               | unrealistic schedule expectations, they seemingly also
               | didn't want to spend the time needed to remove all the
               | HMI pain points that are inflicted on pilots.
               | 
               | [1] https://transportation.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Compre
               | ssed%20...
               | 
               | [2] https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/30/politics/boeing-
               | sensor-73...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.incose.org/docs/default-
               | source/enchantment/21031...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Naw, that's just an honorary title. ;-) He could have gone
             | higher to Master Chief.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | Unless he flips on management there's not much for the
         | government to go on. And then you're asking a jury to believe
         | the words of someone already alleged to be dishonest.
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | "he was probably coerced or induced by someone with more
         | authority"
         | 
         | Then he should flip. Naming names will at least buy some
         | sympathy points.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | How? If there's no evidence of a conversation, it won't help
           | his case.
        
             | NortySpock wrote:
             | It does point some heat at the named person, and maybe
             | drags their name through the mud.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | No one is going to give immunity or spare someone from
               | prosecution if that have that person nailed hardcore, and
               | the only evidence they have against the 'mastermind' is
               | he said/she said that isn't going to go anywhere in
               | court.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | topspin wrote:
             | It's not that simple.
             | 
             | Sincere cooperation has value and is weighted by
             | authorities, regardless of where it does or does not lead.
             | Years served are based on such factors.
             | 
             | Also, there are the civil suits. Standards of evidence are
             | generally lower and a credible and cooperative peon has
             | value to plaintiffs as they pursue the big targets.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | How do the authorities distinguish sincere cooperation
               | from fabricated deflection, in the absence of evidence?
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | I'm guessing it creates more probable cause for subpoenas
               | and leverage in interviews and hopefully they find more
               | evidence ... or not.
        
               | topspin wrote:
               | Often it's as simple minded as convincing the judge that
               | decides how many years you'll serve that you're not
               | irredeemable.
        
         | e9 wrote:
         | He definitely knew what he was doing and yea he was pressured,
         | read his email on page 3:
         | https://transportation.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Compressed%20...
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | This guy's name popped up in the Seattle Times article from
         | almost Day 1 of the MCAS debacle. IIRC he left Boeing and went
         | to Southwest, and proceeded to lie to them about the Max. To
         | the extent there was a single person concealing information, it
         | was him.
        
           | yholio wrote:
           | I guess him leaving explains why he's the only one to get the
           | blame. Had he remained in the company, he could have
           | blackmailed his way out, by threatening to bring down the
           | whole club. By leaving, he painted a huge target on his back.
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | > Had he remained in the company, he could have blackmailed
             | his way out, by threatening to bring down the whole club.
             | 
             | What? No. That's not how it works unless your goal is a
             | superseding indictment with additional charges.
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | Nailed for being the only guy stupid enough to write instant
       | messages bragging about misleading the FAA.
       | 
       | As a longtime corporate grunt, I can guess exactly how management
       | leaned on him. He should have left and let the scumbags find
       | another patsy to do their dirty work.
        
         | caf wrote:
         | I don't think Chief Technical Pilot is a corporate grunt. It
         | _is_ a management position.
        
           | ImprovedSilence wrote:
           | But without a doubt there would still be (even more) pressure
           | on him from his bosses in that CTP position.
        
         | verytrivial wrote:
         | Let's hope he sings like a bird.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Exactly. There's a reason when you deal with people senior
         | enough in any big organization that everything is verbal...
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | And there is a reason why lawyers exist.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | Not sure I agree. Look at all these court cases producing
           | juicy emails from tech giants.
        
             | imajoredinecon wrote:
             | Many of those juicy emails are from _before_ the past few
             | years ' wave of tech lawsuits.
             | 
             | At least at the entry level, I think a lot of the "don't
             | say the word 'competition'" training started as a reaction
             | to relatively recent legal tangles - it wouldn't be
             | surprising if people at the senior level also have gotten
             | more careful about how they communicate.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | I remember getting the 'be careful how you communicate'
               | training at a FAANG over a decade ago, it's well known
               | CYA every place I've been at.
               | 
               | That said, people get complacent and then wham - front
               | page of the New York Times saying something dumb.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | "Never write if you can speak; never speak if you can nod;
           | never nod if you can wink, never wink if you can do nothing."
        
             | maybelsyrup wrote:
             | What's this from?
        
               | stordoff wrote:
               | It seems to be a quote, or a variation on a quote, from
               | Martin Lomasney:
               | 
               | > Lomasney once advised a young follower, "Don't write
               | when you can talk; don't talk when you can nod your
               | head."[1]
               | 
               | The West End Museum[2] attributes the longer quote to
               | him.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lomasney
               | referencing https://www.jstor.org/stable/361565
               | 
               | [2] https://thewestendmuseum.org/the-life-legend-and-
               | lessons-of-...
        
             | jmnicolas wrote:
             | It reminds me of Lenin signing lists of people to be
             | executed and when asked later about it, saying that his
             | signature was just to show he had read the list not to
             | approve of executions.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I do not know if these discussions happened in WA, but WA had
           | one party consent audio recording laws instead of all party
           | consent, then executives would be more wary of instructing
           | underlings to do something illegal.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | Are there any downsides to this?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | None that I have been able to come up with. Two or more
               | party consent audio recording laws only serve to provide
               | people with power more protection.
        
               | AlexCoventry wrote:
               | Loss of institutional memory encoded in the destroyed
               | records.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | In a broad sense, not specifically related to not
               | retaining data as a legal protection, institutional
               | memory is _somewhat_ overrated because of how much low-
               | value content is retained and how it was a snapshot of
               | how a different world was understood.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | sure but thats like 1 in 1000
             | 
             | but putting stuff in text/IM/email is instantly discovered
             | if anything ever goes to trial and there is electronic
             | discovery
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | Unless your corporate retention policy is only 6 months.
               | I setup an archive to keep important emails around only
               | to find out our retention policy had been applied to it.
               | 
               | Once an org gets burned by discovery in a lawsuit they go
               | to great lengths to ensure it will never happen again.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | As long as they don't see who is printing out their
               | emails, still possible to CYA - but it does draw a giant
               | target on ones back if you're obvious about it.
        
               | ttyprintk wrote:
               | I suspect the regulatory environment in aviation is the
               | strictest any developer faces.
        
               | JshWright wrote:
               | _laughes in healthcare_
        
               | Cerium wrote:
               | Not sure about your healthcare, but the healthcare
               | company I work for is full of ex-aviation engineers who
               | are happy to comply with our regulatory requirements.
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | I have something like 8 years worth of free credit
               | monitoring from all of the healthcare providers who got
               | breached lost my family's information.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | Just to nitpick, you probably mean 'oral'
        
             | peanutz454 wrote:
             | Wow! TIL! I always use 'verbal' when I actually mean
             | 'oral'.
        
               | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
               | According to the Oxford English Dictionary:
               | 
               | Verbal: oral, spoken rather than written.
               | 
               | You've been using verbal correctly.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | correct
        
         | pxx wrote:
         | Remember, the "I" in "IM" stands for "incriminating".
        
           | anitil wrote:
           | And the 'e' in 'email' stands for 'evidence'
        
         | trevmckendrick wrote:
         | Source?
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | https://www.seattletimes.com/business/boeing-
           | aerospace/explo...
           | 
           | This source says text messages. Thought I saw instant
           | messages somewhere else.
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | I'd consider SMS to be a form of IM.
        
         | KarlKemp wrote:
         | The chief pilot is management.
        
       | throw7 wrote:
       | "Ohhh, those Chief Technical Pilots! God Bless'em!" - C-suite.
        
       | matchedLoad wrote:
       | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/boeings-fatal-flaw/
        
         | cher14 wrote:
         | An interesting part in the documentary specifically about the
         | role of the test pilot indicted starts at 26:40
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | "Aviation Disasters" did a much better episode on it than
         | Frontline.
        
           | buildsjets wrote:
           | The Frontline episode on PBS is 50% teary-eyed emotional
           | testimonials from the victim's families, interspersed with
           | 25% stock footage and 25% poorly summarized, and in many
           | cases technically incorrect explanation.
           | 
           | The Smithsonian Channel Episode "Ten Steps to Disaster" is
           | far more technically accurate, and also deep dives the
           | technical, business, and regulatory decisions that lead to
           | the disaster.
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianchannel.com/video/series/ten-steps-
           | to...
        
             | headco wrote:
             | John Chidgey has an excellent episode of Causality covering
             | the technicals in great detail.
             | 
             | https://engineered.network/causality/episode-33-737-max/
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Thanks for the reference. I'll look at it later. I was
             | pretty disillusioned by Frontline. I always knew they were
             | biased, but thought they made an honest attempt to present
             | the facts.
             | 
             | No more.
        
       | defaultprimate wrote:
       | Rather than acknowledge and address the massive issues caused by
       | instances of regulatory capture, such as this, or realizing the
       | dangers that result from systemic issues with Boeing's incentive
       | structure for management, facilitated by regulatory capture, the
       | Federal Government and Boeing execs are just gonna scapegoat this
       | guy. Nice.
       | 
       | He was still incredibly stupid and made horrible choices, but the
       | environment he was in only facilitates and encourages behavior
       | like this.
        
         | automatwon wrote:
         | I thought management's job was about creating "culture".
         | 
         | Except when that culture is toxic
        
           | defaultprimate wrote:
           | Everything about Boeing's culture is toxic. The company is a
           | shit show.
        
       | elisbce wrote:
       | This is so much bigger than just a rogue guy. So basically this
       | is saying that the FAA just makes judgement and decisions based
       | on documents and information coming from a chief pilot, without
       | verifying or inspecting the codebase. This whole FAA process is
       | flawed to the core.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | Always seems like some person in the middle of these companies
       | and regulators that always gets hit and not someone deeper in the
       | companies or regulators. Not denying or affirming this person's
       | role, but it seems to be a pattern, whether it's financial
       | institutions, corporations, defense contractors, etc. and their
       | associated regulatory bodies.
        
         | e9 wrote:
         | If you dig deeper he was clearly aware of the issue and chose
         | to cut corners even though he was of course pressured, read his
         | email on page 3:
         | https://transportation.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Compressed%20...
        
         | rajrkrish wrote:
         | There is a term for it - Scapegoating.
        
           | icecube123 wrote:
           | Or CYA. Management is experts at "Covering Your Ass".
        
       | ameminator wrote:
       | Very dissatisfactory result - the buck should not have stopped
       | with only him. This failure was on multiple people, from _both_
       | Boeing and the FAA. The FAA was grossly negligent and has proven
       | itself unreliable by this whole debacle. A national
       | embarrassment.
        
       | slownews45 wrote:
       | Boeing were idiots selling this new model into the markets they
       | did right out the gate. It was greed and bit them hard.
       | 
       | Poor maintenance. Pilot skills in hand flying and unusual flying
       | and recovery so different (overseas they don't always come
       | through a normal US style GA background).
       | 
       | If they would have looked more closely at the US, they would have
       | found that this system was triggered (and resolved) I suspect
       | pretty frequently by US pilots - ie, the pilots in the loop
       | compensated for the design weaknesses which was the boeing
       | thinking historically. US pilots have played that role on many
       | planes, usually mfg then fixes the issues as well.
       | 
       | If they are going to continue to sell internationally in the
       | markets they want to they actually need to think about doing more
       | automation and flight protection stuff - more computers - not
       | less.
       | 
       | This may never have been the major issue it became if they had
       | focused on a major carrier like Southwest (very experienced
       | crews).
       | 
       | The whole MCAS thing was garbage, interesting they are pinning it
       | on this guy. He does say internally he lied to FAA (unknowingly)
       | as they weren't fully familiar with MCAS modes and edge
       | 
       | Edit: Appears I was wrong - good maintenance in US seems to have
       | been key saving thing.
       | 
       | "Following the recent events in Indonesia and Ethiopia, U.S.
       | flight data was analyzed to understand whether indicators may
       | have existed that could have been addressed, and potentially
       | preempted the accidents. The data showed zero incidents of
       | runaway trim on Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft in the U.S. system,"
       | says the report from the special committee.
       | 
       | Good job A&P folks!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | evilos wrote:
         | The people that really got bitten are the ones that died on
         | impact :(
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | The flight previous to the LA crash also experienced the MCAS
         | malfunction. You don't hear about that one because the crew
         | used the electric trim switches to return trim to normal, then
         | turned off the stab trim system with the cutoff switches.
         | 
         | Then, they continued the flight and landed normally.
         | 
         | The next flight on the same airplane is the one that crashed.
         | The crew restored normal trim with the electric trim switches
         | 25 times, but never shut off the trim system.
         | 
         | The EA crew also restored normal trim with the trim switches,
         | but then turned off the trim when the stabilizer was too far
         | nose down. This is contrary to the instructions in the Boeing
         | Emergency Airworthiness Directive distributed to all MAX
         | pilots.
         | 
         | This does not absolve Boeing's role in not doing a proper
         | failure analysis of the MCAS system.
         | 
         | But contrary to what Frontline said "the pilots did everything
         | right" it was recoverable if the instructions for runaway trim
         | were followed.
        
           | ummonk wrote:
           | The Ethiopian Airlines pilots followed the EAD to the letter.
           | 
           | First, they attempted to adjust trim using electric
           | stabilizer trim, and then upon realizing that the they were
           | experiencing an uncommanded nose down stabilizer trim, they
           | followed the runaway stabilizer procedure - namely, stab trim
           | cutout and trim wheel grasp and hold. Afterwards, they
           | attempted to adjust the stabilizer manually.
           | 
           | There is a note in the EAD that electric stabilizer trim can
           | be used to neutralize the stabilizers before doing a stab
           | trim cutout, but crucially Boeing _did not_ instruct pilots
           | to make sure to neutralize trim first using electric trim
           | before doing the stab trim cutout.
        
             | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
             | Is this a joke?
             | 
             | ERROR: Literally the first paragraph of the EAD is about
             | controlling airspeed. [Edit: This is not correct]
             | 
             | They hit 700(!!) MPH. They literally commanded full take
             | off power to _accelerate_ the plane into the ground. You
             | can add power if your pitch is high to arrest a sink rate
             | (ie, during landing), but if you are pitched down, you pull
             | power.
             | 
             | There is also a 300 second limit on T/O power - I'd be
             | interested if they exceeded that as well.
             | 
             | The maintenance on this plane was terrible.
             | 
             | This was not a situation where folks involved "did
             | everything right".
             | 
             | For those not familiar, approx 3 minutes after they did a
             | stab trim cutout they put stab trim back to normal. That's
             | never been in any guidance for EAD or runaway.
             | 
             | The 4th activation of MCAS moved trim down (to 1 unit,
             | should have probably been at 4.3 - 5.x or so). That
             | probably doomed them.
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | The first paragraph of the EAD is:
               | 
               | "Disengage autopilot and control airplane pitch attitude
               | with control column and main electric trim as required.
               | If relaxing the column causes the trim to move, set
               | stabilizer trim switches to CUTOUT. If runaway continues,
               | hold the stabilizer trim wheel against rotation and trim
               | the airplane manually."
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The entire EAD must be read, not the first paragraph.
               | Including the digressions (your phrase). It's only two
               | pages.
               | 
               | I am not a pilot. But I am an aerospace engineer who
               | worked on critical flight detail designs. You've likely
               | flown on my work. My father was a pilot for the AF for 20
               | years. You don't get to be an old pilot if you don't pay
               | attention 100% to the instructions and training. Flying
               | isn't like driving a car. Humans are not natural flyers.
               | You rarely get a second chance if you make a mistake
               | flying.
               | 
               | Maybe 90% of flight training is dealing with emergencies.
               | If you're not dedicated to doing it right, and doing it
               | 100%, every time, you've got no business being a pilot
               | with hundreds of lives depending on you.
               | 
               | P.S. I've gone flying with pilot friends many times. I
               | watch them do the preflight. If they're not 100% perfect
               | with it, I'm getting off.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | One advantage in flying - you are pretty much told
               | EXACTLY how to do many things.
               | 
               | This is what makes me think flying will be automatable.
               | There are a lot of checklists already written for almost
               | everything. Ie, electrical power up, preflights, (CDU
               | preflight?) before taxi before takeoff etc.
               | 
               | Runaway trim was a memory item (!). ie, so important you
               | have to have it memorized.
               | 
               | What's interesting is that because of a jammed actuator
               | motor in an earlier US situation (way back) they have
               | this language about a "maximum two person effort will not
               | break the cables"
               | 
               | https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_jY4nvLmuE4/XQ_n-
               | FaocOI/AAAAAAAAG...
               | 
               | This is because you have to basically break out of a
               | clutch and friction condition if a motor seized which
               | aside from the MCAS crashes could require pretty large
               | efforts.
               | 
               | There is evidence of somewhat routine stab trim issues,
               | at least 1x per year mistrim stuff, and more often inop
               | etc. Before these crashes I don't think it was considered
               | even a very serious concern because pilots would handle
               | it in ordinary course of things.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > One advantage in flying - you are pretty much told
               | EXACTLY how to do many things.
               | 
               | Experience shows that will get you safely out of the vast
               | majority of emergency conditions. The ones that are left
               | require understanding and a brain, which is why we still
               | have human pilots.
               | 
               | Runaway stab trim is so serious a condition that the
               | cutoff switches are within easy reach right there on the
               | console. It doesn't really matter how many safeguards
               | there are against runaway trim, the pilot needs to be
               | able to just turn the thing off. It's also deliberate
               | that the electric trim switches override everything but
               | the cutoff switches.
               | 
               | Pure speculation on my part, but I suspect that Boeing
               | thought that it was so easy to just turn off a
               | misbehaving trim system, that the pilots would just do
               | that.
               | 
               | It's sort of like one day I was working away on my
               | desktop, and smoke started boiling out of the case. My
               | first reaction was to pull the plug out. Fortunately,
               | that stopped the fire. If it hadn't, my second reaction
               | would have been to throw the box outside.
               | 
               | My lawnmower, power tools, etc., are all designed so that
               | chopping the power to them is as easy as possible. Even
               | race cars have a large switch mounted on the exterior to
               | shut off all power.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | > Boeing did not instruct pilots to make sure to neutralize
             | trim first using electric trim before doing the stab trim
             | cutout.
             | 
             | Yes, they did:
             | 
             | "Initially, higher control forces may be needed to overcome
             | any stabilizer nose down trim already applied. Electric
             | stabilizer trim can be used to neutralize control column
             | pitch forces _before_ moving the STAB TRIM CUTOUT switches
             | to CUTOUT. Manual stabilizer trim can be used before and
             | after the STAB TRIM CUTOUT switches are moved to CUTOUT. "
             | 
             | https://theaircurrent.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2018/11/B737-MA...
             | 
             | Note also that the EA pilots had already successfully
             | overridden and restored normal trim twice with the electric
             | trim switches.
             | 
             | (I added the emphasis on "before".)
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | That's not an instruction - it's a digression. The
               | wording there is "can be used".
               | 
               | The actual instruction is to follow the AFM Runaway
               | Stabilizer procedure. That's exactly what the Ethiopian
               | Airlines pilots did.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > That's not an instruction - it's a digression. The
               | wording there is "can be used".
               | 
               | Why do you think Boeing wrote an EMERGENCY AIRWORTHINESS
               | DIRECTIVE and the FAA _mandated_ it be sent to _all_ MAX
               | pilots?
               | 
               | If you're a pilot, it is YOUR JOB to read, understand,
               | and remember every EMERGENCY AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE. Not
               | to parse words. If you want to parse words, get a job as
               | a lawyer, not a pilot.
               | 
               | The "can be used" is there to explain how to overcome
               | aerodynamic forces that make using the manual trim wheel
               | difficult.
        
               | atdrummond wrote:
               | Please don't flag replies like this; thankfully I was
               | able to vouch for Walt.
               | 
               | For some background, Walt and I are routinely brigaded
               | with downvotes on 737 MAX threads. What he and I have in
               | common, compared to those who engage in such behaviors,
               | is that unlike those we typically are replying to, we
               | both have extensive backgrounds in the aviation field,
               | especially on the programming side.
               | 
               | Back on topic, the takeaway that Walt is making and that
               | seems to be missed continually in these threads, is that
               | Lion Air did not lose their plane due to the MAX's MCAS
               | implementation. Rather, the pilots engaged with the plane
               | in a manner precisely opposite to what procedure calls
               | for. Despite all of the poor calls made by Boeing here,
               | if LA's pilots had simply reacted as the previous
               | flight's pilots had, the plane would have made it.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | A clarification - my computing experience at Boeing was
               | writing Fortran programs to solve design problems, not
               | aviation software.
               | 
               | However, at Boeing I spent 3 years working on the
               | stabilizer trim gearbox on the 757. The 757 system is a
               | newer design than the 737, in that it uses a dual drive
               | system connected via a differential gear system rather
               | than having the manual wheels in the cockpit.
               | Nevertheless, the difference is in detail, not concept.
               | Both systems have cutoff switches within easy reach of
               | the pilot, for a damn good reason - to stop uncontrolled
               | stabilizer trim action. While the 757 did not have MCAS,
               | it _did_ have a computer autopilot that could move the
               | stabilizer.
               | 
               | I did some searching online of the MAX trim system, and
               | indeed the electric trim switches override MCAS commands.
               | In all three incidents the pilots did override it and
               | return the trim to normal.
               | 
               | In the first incident, after a couple times, the crew
               | trimmed it to normal and then cutoff the stab trim.
               | Continued the flight and landed without further incident.
               | 
               | In the second, the pilots brought it back to normal 25
               | times before the final plunge. For whatever reason, they
               | never switched off the trim system.
               | 
               | I haven't got a solid reference to the EA one, but it
               | appears they restored trim twice before the final plunge.
               | They then turned off the trim system in the plunge. They
               | could not turn the manual trim wheels due to the
               | aerodynamic forces. So they turned the trim back on, the
               | MCAS came on again making things worse. Why they did not
               | counter again with the electric trim I do not know. Why
               | they did not turn off the trim when it was in the normal
               | position I do not know. Those are excellent questions for
               | the NTSB to answer.
               | 
               | But what they didn't do was follow the directions in the
               | EAD.
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | Why are you bringing up Lion Air pilots when the
               | discussion is about the Ethiopian Airlines flight?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The first LA crew was not aware of the existence of MCAS,
               | nor did they have the benefit of the Emergency
               | Airworthiness Directive. But they worked the problem and
               | solved it and landed safely.
        
           | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
           | Yeah, it's a memory item on the 737. Pretty short too.
           | 
           | http://www.b737.org.uk/images/runawaystab1975.jpg
           | 
           | Not to mention I think they ran the plane at full takeoff
           | power during the recovery attempt - I can't even imagine what
           | they were doing in terms of speed monitoring (in a nose down
           | you normally reduce power, no go to full takeoff!).
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | The EA crew followed that memory item. It didn't work. (Had
             | they reduced the throttle it probably would have helped,
             | which is why the need to limit speed during runaway trim
             | events has been added to the updated memory item now)
        
             | roelschroeven wrote:
             | The pre-MAX 737 has a cut-off switch that switches of the
             | automatic trim system, without also switching of the
             | electric trim (there's another one that switches off the
             | electric trim). The 737 MAX also has two switches, but they
             | both switch off the automatic trim (including MCAS) _and_
             | the electric trim.
             | 
             | So you can't switch off MCAS without also switching off
             | electric trim, leaving only manual trim. But in situations
             | like the Ethiopian flight, you need inhuman strength to
             | control the manual trim (as Mentour Pilot demonstrates in
             | this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoNOVlxJmow).
             | You need electric trim to have any chance to fight MCAS,
             | but you can't enable electric trim without also enabling
             | MCAS. Must be horrific to be in such a situation.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The electric trim switches override MCAS. The LA crew
               | overrode MCAS to restore normal trim 25 times. The EA
               | crew did it twice.
        
         | ummonk wrote:
         | There was actually a test with Southwest Airlines line pilots,
         | and it took them a minute to get to the stab trim cutout in
         | response to this issue.
         | https://www.commerce.senate.gov/services/files/3BBE2CD5-AE41...
         | 
         | The Ethiopian Airlines pilots did get to the stab trim cutout
         | as well (probably because they had read the emergency directive
         | Boeing sent out) but were unable to manually trim afterwards
         | due to the forces involved - had they cut airspeed at the start
         | they probably would have been able to do so, but that was not
         | part of the instructions at the time. For an analysis of the
         | situation they were in, see
         | https://leehamnews.com/2019/04/05/bjorns-corner-et302-crash-...
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | >Pilot skills in hand flying and unusual flying and recovery so
         | different (overseas they don't always come through a normal US
         | style GA background).
         | 
         | This is repeating lies propagated by Boeing management and is
         | not true. The flight control system's design was flawed. It was
         | a "fly into the ground sometimes" machine.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | FAA outsourced it responsibility to Boeing - basically just a
       | rubberstamp - no wonder the European and Chinese air safety folks
       | wanted to do their own testing.
       | 
       | Never happened before as the FAA used to be the gold standard for
       | safety - looks they have been gutted by the govt.
        
       | dsq wrote:
       | It is important to note that Boeing settled for 2.5 billion in
       | which it is agreed that "...the misconduct by its former
       | employees was "neither pervasive across the organization, nor
       | undertaken by a large number of employees, nor facilitated by
       | senior management". (https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-
       | reaches-2-5-billion-sett...).
       | 
       | So remember, when push comes to shove, the technical lead always
       | gets thrown to the wolves while management goes "we don't know
       | about that technical stuff".
       | 
       | Not to detract in any way from what he is culpable for.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Boeing got away with that, VW tried and didn't. I would prefer
         | companies not getting away with these settlements.
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | That might be because VW wasn't US-based, but Boeing is.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | That might have played a role. Plus Boeing, as part of
             | duopoly on commercial aircraft, seems to be a lot more
             | important than a simple, regardless of size, car maker.
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | I think they did (UK).
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | It's possible this is the initial charge to get them in the
         | door with search warrants and subpoenas and testimony because
         | someone dropped a dime with some info that there were criminal
         | acts not know to the government at the time, not covered by the
         | settlement. I doubt the settlement was a "you're pardoned for
         | ALL acts related to 737 MAX."
         | 
         | A refresher since this happened so long ago:
         | 
         | Airbus was eating Boeing's 737 sales for lunch. Boeing
         | management wanted to put better engines on the plane to get
         | those sales back. But the better engines were bigger, and that
         | meant they couldn't just swap them out and call it a day. So
         | they moved the engine position. Well, when you move heavy shit
         | around on a plane that also happens to be the thing generating
         | thrust, you change a lot of stuff about the plane - its center
         | of gravity, how the plane behaves when that thrust is applied
         | (think torque steer but for planes) and aerodynamics.
         | 
         | The plane became aerodynamically unstable in certain
         | conditions. Hence the need to add fly-by-wire systems and
         | sensors. Except...they also cheaped out on both the number of
         | sensors _and even the frigging lightbulbs to warn pilots of
         | sensor error._
         | 
         | The shit Boeing has gotten away with over the years boggles the
         | mind. At one point the NSA got caught doing industrial
         | espionage against Airbus for them!
        
           | mkhpalm wrote:
           | They didn't cheap out on lights. They didn't want to add a
           | light to the cockpit because changing anything meant pilots
           | would have to be trained on it. Airlines, specifically
           | American, didn't want to incur the cost of training of a new
           | plane that could compete with Airbus. So to get the sales
           | Boeing promised a million dollar kickback per 737 MAX sold if
           | American 737 pilots had to get training to fly it. The
           | cockpit had to remain the same in every way to avoid it.
        
           | himinlomax wrote:
           | It's not unstable, stop repeating this falsehood. It does
           | behave differently when high trust is applied, pitching up
           | much more, and MCAS was introduced to counter/hide that.
           | Earlier models did pitch up as well, all planes with engines
           | under low wings do, and pilots or automatic systems have to
           | deal with it.
           | 
           | This is not an issue of instability. The plane _will_ remain
           | at a level pitch /roll at a given thrust with the appropriate
           | elevator trimming. An unstable plane would require constant
           | input changes.
        
           | PostThisTooFast wrote:
           | Boeing's defense of this POS system is also mind-boggling.
           | "Oh, since we put inappropriate engines on an outdated
           | airframe, the airplane would pitch up under heavy thrust...
           | so we cobbled together this amateur-hour system to mask that
           | behavior."
           | 
           | If a pilot can't control the airplane's pitch, he's not a
           | pilot. Boeing's excuses don't even begin to qualify as
           | excuses.
           | 
           | "You're posting too fast. Please slow down. Thanks."
           | 
           | I HAVEN'T POSTED IN AT LEAST AN HOUR, ASSHOLES. AND IF I'M
           | NOT ELIGIBLE TO POST, WHY DID YOU LET ME PRESS THE "REPLY"
           | BUTTON AND TYPE OUT A BUNCH OF VERBIAGE?
           | 
           | HACKER NEWS = USER-HATING JAGOFFS
        
           | foldr wrote:
           | Fly by wire isn't really the right term here. Fly by wire
           | means that control inputs are transmitted to actuators via an
           | electrical signal (rather than by a hydraulic or mechanical
           | connection). As far as I know, the 737 MAX retains
           | conventional primary flight controls. Lots of airliners with
           | conventional flight controls also have various forms of
           | artificial stability that modify pilot inputs (such as yaw
           | dampers).
        
             | l33tman wrote:
             | The trim can be controlled by an electrical motor in the
             | 737, and the MCAS system in question here controls that
             | motor, so you could argue its part of a FBW system (but I
             | guess normally you refer to the main flight surfaces which
             | are not FBW in the 737 like you say).
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | Ah yes, that is a fair point. However, in that case we
               | are not talking about 'adding' a new FBW control system,
               | as the system was already in place on previous models.
        
           | Daub wrote:
           | > Except...they also cheaped out on both the number of
           | sensors and even the frigging lightbulbs to warn pilots of
           | sensor error.
           | 
           | I believe that the issue was more tragic than that (no
           | expert)...
           | 
           | They wanted to 'hide' the fly by wire (FBW) as for it to be
           | apparent would require that the plane (effectively) be re-
           | classified as a new plane, requiring expensive up-skilling of
           | the pilots. The existence of the new FBW was even hidden from
           | the manual!
           | 
           | The FBW required information from the pitot tubes in order
           | for it to know how fast the plane was flying. Planes have two
           | such tubes, one for backup as they are prone to blockage.
           | Normal practice would be to poll both tubes, and if their
           | reading disagreed the pilot would be notified and assume
           | blockage in one of the tubes.
           | 
           | However, they could not do this as a pitot tube warning would
           | reveal the existence of the FBW to the pilot, who would not
           | have been aware of its existence. Hence they relied on one
           | pitot tube input and (of course) no warning lights.
           | 
           | This must have been a calculated risk on their behalf. They
           | must have known that sooner or later it would fail.
        
             | gonesilent wrote:
             | adding a light bulb, the disagree error was only shown in
             | the optional heads up display.
        
               | roelschroeven wrote:
               | There is no optional heads up display, only an optional
               | warning on the already present display.
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | The warning light shows a disagreement between the two _AOA
             | sensors_ , not the pitot tubes used for airspeed
             | measurement (of which there are three on the 737).
        
         | cryptica wrote:
         | I was thinking this too. Seems to be a pattern since Volkswagen
         | scandal; blame the rank and file employee... As if the employee
         | had any incentive at all to lie about the performance of the
         | plane. This is disgusting. The directors who pressured the
         | employee to lie and then tried to use them as a scapegoat
         | should be jailed for life.
        
           | dsq wrote:
           | I also thought of VW in this context. The idea that the
           | managers only set policy and it's up to the engineers to
           | figure it out, lesving management with "plausible
           | deniability".
        
         | soylentnewsorg wrote:
         | I took a gig at a hospital. They got an MBA Karen with 3 years
         | of experience. She learned the very basics of IT, then started
         | micromanaging. As in, she'd tell you what switches to put on
         | CLI commands. If you said that's wrong, or would cause data
         | corruption - you're not a team player. The entire team of 18
         | people were not team players - the team consisted of her alone.
         | 
         | One time, she told me to do something very dangerous during a
         | data migration. Not a best practice, and a big no-no. I'm
         | seeing open files randomly spread across about 50 NAS shares
         | which should according to her be offline - retired apps. It
         | would take time to identify those, notify people, etc. She has
         | deadlines to meet. You see, this migration that's been put off
         | time and again for 2 years, needs to be finished in about a
         | month, because when she was hired, she made that promise to her
         | boss - without knowing anything about the apps, how much data,
         | what users, etc.
         | 
         | I talked to her over chat, saved the chat, warned her about all
         | the dangers and was told to proceed. It brought down a clinic,
         | resulted in some data loss, and affected patients.
         | 
         | Next migration batch, she asks me to do it again. With a phone
         | call. I ask for it in writing, she refuses. I added the phone
         | call notes to the servicenow change control ticket, put risk as
         | high, and said I need a note in the ticket from her telling me
         | to proceed despite risk.
         | 
         | A week later I'm on suspension for disobeying my manager. HR
         | tells me they will be getting in touch with me to get the
         | details of what happened. I enjoy my paid week off while HR
         | investigates the complaint - they need a full week because they
         | review so much. at 4pm, the day before the week is over, the HR
         | rep calls me and asks be about what happened. At 9am the next
         | day I'm fired.
         | 
         | I file for unemployment and get a corp to corp contract to a
         | company I'm part owner in (contract to the company, not to me).
         | They dispute it, saying I was fired for my attitude, and was
         | written up many times. Both false - I turn over the details -
         | saved chats, emails, a phone call I recorded, etc to the UI
         | officer. The next day my unemployment is approved, and I'm
         | collecting unemployment weekly, while collecting dividends from
         | the company I own for its c2c contract. I do however reply to
         | one email per day from an indian recruiter - I pick ones with
         | names I can't pronounce. They do the needful and submit me to
         | one position per day with "their client." Why only indian
         | recruiters? Because they are a minority and I don't
         | discriminate.
         | 
         | This is a Boeing engineer being thrown under the bus by
         | management. Here's what needs to happen: the engineer is
         | guilty. I was guilty too when the first time I ran the
         | destructive script, despite being told to do that in writing.
         | The engineer is like a nazi soldier. Both the soldier, and his
         | boss, and anyone up the chain who approved or pushed for this,
         | need to be on the receiving side of that courtroom.
        
           | nuerow wrote:
           | Thank you for taking the time to write such a insightful
           | post. Some lessons are invaluable, and I believe this is one
           | of them.
        
           | Chyzwar wrote:
           | Depending on country/state you could possibly sue for
           | wrongful termination. In addition, you could send your story
           | to media or contact someone higher in the food chain of the
           | company.
        
             | philjohn wrote:
             | If it's in the US it's likely the OP is in a "Right to
             | work" state, so can be fired for whatever reason.
             | 
             | One family in particular funded a lot of the push to
             | implement "Right to work" - the AmWay owning DeVos's.
        
               | soylentnewsorg wrote:
               | So as to not discourage people - right to work does not
               | prevent you from going after a company that mistreated
               | you in a civil lawsuit. If they ask you to do something
               | unreasonable that was not in the job description, you can
               | sue them for things like lost wages while you look for a
               | new job, any relocation expenses to the new job, and to a
               | harder extent emotional suffering an punitive damages.
               | 
               | Let me give a clearer example. Your boss tells you "shoot
               | that old lady or you're fired." you refuse, he fires you.
               | You can sue him, you will win, it has nothing to do with
               | right to work or not. In my case it was asking me things
               | to endanger patients, and refusing to put the request in
               | writing so there's a record of it.
               | 
               | The issue with that is it's a civil suit, in court, and
               | your law firm is now fighting a huge corporation for the
               | amount equivalent to a couple of months' salary. It's not
               | worth it in most cases, and they know that. But if you
               | want to break even, and the huge amount of time and added
               | stress of the lawsuit is worth revenge - not cash -
               | absolutely do it, and punish those assholes. Except
               | they're not really punished. The payout disappears in a
               | database and becomes a rounding error somewhere, and the
               | management responsible never gets punished. They don't
               | have the stress and time waste of the lawsuit - there are
               | zero consequences to them, and it's yet more loss to you.
               | 
               | Unless you're willing to find a lawyer who'll just take
               | part of the settlement if you win and guarantee you it
               | won't take up a lot of your time. I contacted a bunch of
               | attorneys, and that was a no-go. Contrary to popular
               | belief, getting the guilty party to pay the attorney
               | bills of the winner almost never happens in real life.
               | Even if you get awarded those costs (doubtful) - they
               | will simply refuse to pay. You can then show up and take
               | their office furniture and put it on ebay.
        
             | soylentnewsorg wrote:
             | I reported them to OSHA and to the state health authority.
             | This was a while ago. I got reminded of it today and posted
             | the story because I had a call this week asking me to send
             | in written testimony in addition to the form I filled out.
             | 
             | Wrongful termination is a no-go. I talked to a literal slew
             | of lawyers. The amount I'd be looking to recover would be
             | probably the cost of court. Also chump change compared to
             | my overall income, so not worth my time.
             | 
             | Now, as far as media - no one died, no one was greatly
             | impacted - probably not very interesting, and very
             | technical. There was an outage for a day, records of a
             | couple of hours of data (5-10 patient visits) was lost.
             | 
             | Now, as far a "higher up the food chain" - I got a rant
             | here about my 20+ years of experience in corporate america.
             | The guy up the food chain took a chance (saved money on
             | salaries) by hiring a manager of an 18 person team, who has
             | literally had 3 years of work experience. That was a bad
             | decision. He (my boss's boss) doesn't want his boss, (my
             | boss's boss's boss), to see this bad decision. So he's
             | going to protect her until someone dies and he throws her
             | under the bus. This is just a fact of life.
             | 
             | I've been at several hospitals over many years. All the IT
             | people care greatly about patient care. The management is
             | willing to have deaths on their hand to shave a day off a
             | project. Management at hospitals are people who shouldn't
             | be allowed near medical care. The higher up the chain you
             | go, the closer you get to the money, the closer you get to
             | the purpose of the hospital: pretend you're losing money
             | while underpaying and overworking staff, and scamming sick
             | people.
             | 
             | Think about it: you are a supplier. Your demand curve is
             | inelastic. Your customers don't know the price before they
             | buy. Now, what kind of people is this type of corporation
             | going to attract? The worst of the worst.
        
               | esel2k wrote:
               | I've worked in healthcareIT and the biggest diagnostics
               | firm and yes: the more they speak about meaningful job
               | and patient first the bigger the facade that in reality
               | it is about their money and their career.
               | 
               | I would be curious to know from your learnings where you
               | think engineers/product people should head to be
               | fullfilled in such environments as I am starting to be
               | clueless. Thanks
        
               | soylentnewsorg wrote:
               | You have two options in my opinion. Your healthcare
               | experience is worth a lot. The most money is if you jump
               | on the bandwagon (for example go work for EPIC, or go
               | into management at a hospital). If you need to look
               | yourself in the mirror while you shave (to avoid cuts),
               | my solution is to be the vendor.
               | 
               | You can do delivery for stuff medical companies buy
               | (delivery/residencies/support) and your experience on the
               | customer side will add big bucks to the salary the vendor
               | pays you. Hospitals use AIX, they run EPIC on it. IBM
               | will pay you more if you can go to hospitals that buy
               | from them and help them set up AIX for EPIC. If you do
               | storage like I do, those hospitals buy EMC/IBM storage,
               | and medical applications need specific layout, path and
               | disk group separation, etc - if you know those, EMC/IBM
               | will pay you more. Your "customer" at this point is the
               | IT staff at the hospital, and they're good guys and a
               | pleasure to work with.
               | 
               | If you want even more money, again go for a vendor or a
               | VAR, but do presales engineering. One downside to that,
               | those toxic unethical managers are now your customer. But
               | they'll pay you a lot, and you won't be asked to attempt
               | killing people with a script by making an xray disappear
               | from a display during surgery.
               | 
               | Both options are good, I've done and do both. If you work
               | for a VAR instead of a vendor, you get the same salary as
               | the vendor, but you also get spiffs from the vendor. I
               | average about $5k/month in spiffs when I do presales
               | engineering. But you feel a bit like a used car salesman
               | - the spiffs are bigger when you sell what the vendor is
               | pushing instead of the best solution.
               | 
               | So in short - all depends on how "straight-edge" you are,
               | and how comfortable you are being around bs. the worse
               | the smell, the more cash in your pocket unfortunately. I
               | personally have screwed large corporations out of
               | millions to end up with tens of thousands extra in my
               | pocket. And that's something I don't like, but am
               | comfortable with - as opposed to damaging individual
               | people. If you are completely ethical, more power to you.
               | Go work for VMware or Nasuni or something on the delivery
               | side, tell them you know a bunch of medical applications,
               | and they'll pay you more.
               | 
               | As ballpark, the current ceilings from my personal
               | experience (storage), the total income including bonus
               | and spiffs are: 150k delivery engineer for a vendor, 140k
               | delivery engineer for a VAR, 180k vendor presales
               | engineer, 200-250k pse at a VAR (because of spiffs). In
               | cali or nyc, add about 10% to those. personal fulfillment
               | is on the delivery side, monetary is in presales.
        
             | hellbannedguy wrote:
             | I wish California was one.
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | Quality is made in the board room. A worker can deliver lower
           | quality, but she cannot deliver quality better than the
           | system allows.
           | 
           | - W. Edwards Deming
        
           | scns wrote:
           | "The fish smells from the head" - turkish proverb
        
             | chopin wrote:
             | A German as well ("Der Fisch stinkt vom Kopf her").
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | I believe the anglicised equivalent is "The fish rots from
             | the head."
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | I'm puzzled by the do not discriminate bit, doesn't that mean
           | you do discriminate by only choosing the names you can't
           | pronounce?
           | 
           | Minutae aside, as a European I'm shocked and appalled at that
           | process, but surely an employment tribunal would have been
           | the next step? Seems open and shut if you have the details to
           | hand and everything evidenced properly. That said I'm sure
           | you probably didn't want to be there from that point
        
             | soylentnewsorg wrote:
             | I only took the gig so I could get the vaccine as soon as
             | it came out. It was a huge pay cut, and a very easy job.
             | Why fight to stay and keep working somewhere you don't want
             | to be, when instead you could get an extra 3k/month on
             | unemployment?
             | 
             | Corporations are a useful thing, and are commonly used
             | stateside to do shady things - like getting paid by a
             | customer, but not officially working. Like collect
             | unemployment, while collecting dividends for a contract
             | your company has with a customer. What you have to do is
             | keep applying for jobs. Most of the spam my linkedin gets
             | is from indian recruiters. There is zero chance one of them
             | can get you a job in the states. The ones that can will all
             | have a name you can pronounce.
             | 
             | It is possible to get a payout for wrongful termination.
             | This will count against your unemployment claim. It will
             | cost (as the estimates in my case were) 10-20k for the
             | attorney. I will likely have to go to court/arbitration,
             | and it takes lots and lots of time and stress. As someone
             | who is a company owner, I spend about 50 hours/week on
             | owning my company (not working for my company). I can get a
             | max of about 20-25k for the wrongful termination... It's
             | just not the right way to go.
             | 
             | As a sidebar, I've worked and lived in France, Catalonia,
             | Russia, and Japan - while living in those countries. I am
             | in fact originally from Europe, but came stateside at a
             | young age. Outside of Russia, the US has the crappiest
             | "process" as you call it. It's a country where that process
             | was put in place by corporations, to result exactly in
             | this: the process is just not worth it.
             | 
             | The "do not discriminate bit" was sarcasm. We have this
             | thing in this great country, where the people who do the
             | most discriminating are the ones who complain most about
             | being discriminated against. What to do if you're a
             | criminal or a bully? Claim you're a victim. I won't go into
             | that, because by this country's standards, I'm going to be
             | flagged as a racist.
        
               | ionwake wrote:
               | How come you were paid more when unemployed ?
        
               | soylentnewsorg wrote:
               | I was paid much less than my salary when I was
               | unemployed. I made more per week from the salary than I
               | did per month on unemployment. I assume you mean more
               | than someone else you know who had UI. The benefit amount
               | depends on your salary. UI is insurance paid by the
               | company that fired you - in essence the company that
               | fired you pays your unemployment (by paying for the
               | insurance for their employees). The more people the lay
               | off or fire w/o cause, the more their insurance premium.
               | In addition, there was an extra benefit paid by the
               | federal government due to the pandemic (unemployment is
               | usually a state benefit).
               | 
               | So the way to both stick it to the asshole ex-employer
               | and make extra cash, is to double-dip. Get paid
               | unemployment, while getting other income. If you own a
               | company, you don't have to be employed by your company -
               | you can just be an owner - like when you buy Apple stock.
               | You can then pay yourself dividends instead of salary,
               | and bam - you're still unemployed, while getting the same
               | amount as your salary, and unemployment. You do have to
               | keep looking for work, daily though. Which I did do. So,
               | think of it as a legal loophole to screw the guy who
               | fired you and make money off him.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | KarlKemp wrote:
             | "They do the needful" is Indian English. There is more
             | going with the guy, considering the way he makes sure we
             | know the incompetent person was a woman etc.
        
               | speedybird wrote:
               | "Do the needful" was a Britishism originally; Indians got
               | it from the British. Somewhere along the line the British
               | stopped using it but Indians continued.
        
               | soylentnewsorg wrote:
               | I see. So me using "she" and "he" when I talk about
               | people is me making sure you know I'm talking about a
               | woman.
               | 
               | Welcome to the English language. We don't type extra text
               | like "he/she" every time for zero reason. It's not a
               | conspiracy theory - it's how people talk. Quite a
               | conspiracy theory you got there buddy. You must think the
               | entire world has "something more going on" since the
               | entire world uses "she" or "he" while speaking. Or,
               | perhaps you lack practice speaking to people? Tell me,
               | when the basement gets very cold in the winter, do you
               | venture upstairs with all that sunlight, or do you use a
               | little space heater for your feet?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | Well let's hope that some C-Suite got punished.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Spider Network by David Enrich is a good book to dispel you of
         | such quaint notions.
        
         | smackeyacky wrote:
         | The C-suite will be punished with a bonus for dodging
         | responsibility.
         | 
         | edit: if that actually happens, Boeing is finished. They will
         | be doomed to repeating the mistake of the 737 Max.
        
           | AuthorizedCust wrote:
           | > They will be doomed to repeating the mistake of the 737
           | Max.
           | 
           | This article _is_ about the 737 Max.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Yes?
             | 
             | They're saying that if there aren't significant
             | consequences for the C suite in this case, they'll pick
             | cost over safety again in the future.
        
               | smackeyacky wrote:
               | I think it's worse than picking cost over safety. What
               | Boeing did was knowingly push a bad position. They knew
               | they were in the hole with the pilot training for the
               | Max, they knew they had screwed up. Regardless of that,
               | they kept pushing the line that it wasn't their fault
               | right up until that became untenable. The issue here is a
               | corporate culture that ignored red flags, that played
               | games with the regulator and decided that they would
               | gamble peoples lives and the entire company reputation
               | (including all their employees) on a cost cutting,
               | corrupt means of beating Airbus. The entire c-suite
               | should be headed for orange jumpsuit land.
        
         | quasse wrote:
         | Unfortunately it looks like this is really a fall guy with no
         | mention of where the instruction to hide this information came
         | from.
         | 
         | On the other hand, according to his Linkedin Mark Forkner
         | worked for the FAA before moving to Boeing to become the chief
         | technical pilot, so he should have been well aware of the
         | stakes when he hid information.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | It's likely he thought FAA self certification [1] would allow
           | Boeing to skate by, which is probably accurate if the planes
           | hadn't fallen out of the sky.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/how-the-
           | faa-al...
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Which is generally why in other areas a corporation may
             | have its own verification/validation processes, but bring
             | in a 3rd party to audit them. It's a common accounting
             | process.
             | 
             | Although, as we saw with Arthur Anderson, that 3rd party
             | isn't always so neutral. And, by virtue of getting paid by
             | the company, may deliver the results wanted instead of the
             | results that are accurate.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Another way to look at it is he would be knowledgable on how
           | to hide information from the FAA
        
           | weaksauce wrote:
           | This _is_ the C suite guy getting the charges levied on him
           | with pretty solid evidence against him. if he wants to avoid
           | long term jail they will use him to cut a deal to get more
           | information to find out if any of the few people that are
           | above him ordered him to do it.
        
             | rurounijones wrote:
             | I think this comment points out that this may not be
             | accurate https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28873133
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | Why? He was lying to them as well.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | > Steve Jobs told employees a short story when they were
           | promoted to vice president at Apple. Jobs would tell the VP
           | that if the garbage in his office was not being emptied, Jobs
           | would naturally demand an explanation from the janitor.
           | "Well, the lock on the door was changed,' the janitor could
           | reasonably respond. "And I couldn't get a key."
           | 
           | > The janitor's response is reasonable. It's an
           | understandable excuse. The janitor can't do his job without a
           | key. As a janitor, he's allowed to have excuses.
           | 
           | > "When you're the janitor, reasons matter," Jobs told his
           | newly-minted VPs. "Somewhere between the janitor and the CEO,
           | reasons stop mattering."
           | 
           | > "In other words," (Jobs continued,) "when the employee
           | becomes a vice president, he or she must vacate all excuses
           | for failure. A vice president is responsible for any mistakes
           | that happen, and it doesn't matter what you say."
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | This makes a lot of sense. When you are high enough you are
             | so far away from the trenches that the only
             | responsibilities are: 1) Making decisions and 2) Taking
             | blames for whatever reason. That's why you get the big
             | bucks.
             | 
             | Extrapolated from that, I kinda understand why many senior
             | employees do NOT want to climb the pole but instead staying
             | closer to the trenches.
        
             | mjcarden wrote:
             | A quote from that excellent management training video, "A
             | Bug's Life": First rule of leadership: Everything is your
             | fault.
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | I guess this was before the big brain genius man treated
             | his fatal cancer with magic beans.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | This story is almost certainly apocryphal, but is a good
               | way to assign responsibility at senior levels.
        
             | dls2016 wrote:
             | Sounds like the mafia.
        
               | xenadu02 wrote:
               | It means don't throw your people under the bus by blaming
               | them and when something goes wrong take responsibility.
               | When it goes wrong at the VP level it means an
               | organizational failure and/or your failure to understand
               | what your org was doing or your failure to train/hire
               | good subordinates who could handle the details for you.
        
               | dls2016 wrote:
               | I agree but it also suggests that anyone above the VP
               | level who sticks around for any length of time is
               | infallible (otherwise they'd be gone).
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | to calibrate our hopes we can just look at VW dieselgate
        
           | satellite2 wrote:
           | The CEO at the time, Martin Winterkor, and at least six other
           | executives were indicted. Some of the executives were jailed
           | but still not the CEO (I can find mentions of prosecutors
           | discussing the sentence but no mention of him actually
           | starting serving it).
           | 
           | But I have muche less hope in the capacity of the US to
           | seriously incriminate its poster child.
        
             | pkaye wrote:
             | The CEO Martin Winterkorn is German and Germany doesn't
             | extradite their citizens outside the EU so nothing will
             | happen there. According to Wikipedia, he was also charged
             | in Germany but looks like he will walk free from most
             | charges.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn#United_Stat
             | e...
        
         | zardo wrote:
         | Looks like they already found the designated felon
        
       | m0zg wrote:
       | FWIW, I thought they'd indict the unpaid intern in janitorial
       | department. That's how such things usually go.
        
       | agent327 wrote:
       | ...one man? Out of the whole company, the massive number of
       | people that must have been involved, only one man gets the blame?
       | And not even an executive at that?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mberning wrote:
       | Man he is taking one for the team. Hopefully there will be more
       | indictments. I highly doubt there is a singular guilty party on
       | this one.
        
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