[HN Gopher] Global Climate Report - September 2021
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Global Climate Report - September 2021
        
       Author : infodocket
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2021-10-14 14:49 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncdc.noaa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncdc.noaa.gov)
        
       | melling wrote:
       | I suppose we should stop using coal to generate electricity.
       | 
       | https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/coal
       | 
       | Of course we've known this for decades. Google even took a crack
       | at it in 2007:
       | 
       | https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/11/google-hopes-t...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | There's some interesting data in there. If you look at the
       | supplemental info, note that this year is well on track to be
       | bracketed within the top ten hottest years on record:
       | 
       | > "This graphic compares the year-to-date temperature anomalies
       | for 2021 (black line) to what were ultimately the ten warmest
       | years on record: 2016 (1st), 2020 (2nd), 2019 (3rd), 2015 (4th),
       | 2017 (5th), 2018 (6th), 2014 (7th), 2010 (8th), 2013 (9th), and
       | 2005 (10th)."
       | 
       | Now, consider the lag effect on climate response and atmospheric
       | forcing (i.e. the ocean absorbs a fair amount of the extra heat,
       | but as the ocean warms, that heat gets injected back into the
       | atmosphere, especially polewards, so there's a lag time before
       | current atmospheric forcings are full realized, and that's a
       | multidecade effect, so we won't feel today's forcing completely
       | for decades, even a century).
       | 
       | Conclusion as I see it: every year for the next 50 years is going
       | to be bracketed in the top ten hottest years, meaning the years
       | 2030-2040 will all be hotter than 2010-2020 and so on. Decade by
       | decade for the rest of the lives of people alive today, this will
       | continue - and while getting off fossil fuels is needed, is
       | indeed the only way to slow this trend, it's only going to slow
       | down the year-to-year increase.
       | 
       | Additionally, as polar melt proceeds, permafrost melt and
       | outgassing becomes self-sustaining even if humans completely stop
       | fossil fuel use and deforestation.
       | 
       | Practically, this means adaptation is simply a must. People have
       | to move out of flood plains, waste treatment plants in low-lying
       | coastal zones needed to be moved uphill, people need to realize
       | the global refugee crisis is going to be 10X as bad as anything
       | seen yet at least, perhaps a steady rate of 1,000,000 per year
       | fleeing climate disaster zones.
       | 
       | In reality we are heading back to climate conditions last seen
       | ~3-5 million years ago, before the ice ages set in, with sea
       | levels dozens of meters higher than they are now. Nobody likes to
       | hear this it seems, but the science does seem to be saying that
       | this has already happened, sort of.
        
         | gmuslera wrote:
         | We are not going to a new normal, because even if we stop
         | everything feedback loops will keep worsening things till we
         | can't adapt anymore, will be no mark in the sand saying that we
         | will stay there.
         | 
         | It is not just about temperature, or sea level, is a system
         | where we thrived while it was stable enough, going to a long
         | period of chaos. Agriculture and food production in general,
         | infrastructure, travel and more will be increasingly disrupted.
         | 
         | Passive adaptation may not be the way out, just letting the
         | water to boil up till the frog is cooked, or risk ending things
         | faster with the some of the surprises that climatologist are
         | getting year to year. Stopping or compensating emissions, and
         | aggressive/extensive carbon capture may be a way out. Going
         | into silos much like what happened in Wool may be another
         | (where a lot of things can go wrong, anyway).
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | All of that is assuming we don't make major advances in
         | carbon/methane capture and maybe some sort of "ice capture"
         | plan, of course.
         | 
         | I don't know how much hope we have to actually see major
         | advances in these areas, but given what we all expect of how
         | much pressure we will be in collectively I can imagine a lot
         | more money being thrown at is as people get desperate.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | Carbon capture and sequestration, as it's called, suffers
           | from a major co-ordination problem, the free-rider effect.
           | Why pay yourself if others are paying? You get the same
           | benefit. Every country can see that, so no-one pays.
           | 
           | Look how well the world did with covid-19. Low income
           | countries are still desperately short of vaccines, which
           | means that covid is going to be endemic from now on.
           | 
           | Or look how well the world coped when there were commodity
           | food price spikes in 2005-2008, and 2010-2011. Countries
           | banned exports, rather than co-operating.
           | 
           | We're going to have more of those (food price spikes), btw.
           | 
           | Something that has been vanishingly low probability (once per
           | 5_000 years, say), until now, is simultaneous harvest failure
           | by say 10% or more in two or more of the four "bread-basket"
           | (grain) regions of the world.
           | 
           | Simulations suggest that probability will rise over the
           | course of the century to about 50% per decade starting in the
           | '40s.[1] I hope we're planning for it.
           | 
           | 1. Daniel Quiggin, Kris De Meyer, Lucy Hubble-Rose and
           | Anthony Froggatt, _Climate change risk assessment 2021_ ,
           | Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House
           | Environment and Society Programme Research Paper 2021. ISBN
           | 978-1-78413-491-4.
        
             | brutusborn wrote:
             | There are solutions for the free-rider effect, such as
             | Pegovian customs duties.
             | 
             | But isn't the point moot, since all climate change
             | solutions suffer from the same effect?
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | No. The Musk solution, make clean technology cheaper and
               | better than fossil-fuel technology. doesn't.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | There's a fascinating talk from about eleven years ago: Dr.
         | Gwynne Dyer - Geopolitics in a Hotter World - UBC Talk
         | Transcribed (Sept. 2010)
         | https://spaswell.wordpress.com/2016/11/18/dr-gwynne-dyer-geo...
         | video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mc_4Z1oiXhY
         | 
         | Among other things he talks about is the possibility of
         | unilateral geoengineering by some of the nations that will be
         | feeling the effects sooner and more, uh, compellingly than
         | others:
         | 
         | > I talked-actually, the head of the Bangladesh Institute of
         | Strategic Studies about this (you didn't even know that
         | existed, did you?). Well, there is one, it's quite serious-run
         | by a General, bright guy. I said, "have you heard about
         | geoengineering?" and he smiled-seraphically-and he said, "Mmm.
         | Yes. Your question?"
         | 
         | > And I asked the question, "Do you think that this is
         | something the Bangladesh government might want to do a little
         | bit, before, let's say, the US government or the Chinese
         | government?"
         | 
         | > He said, "yes it has crossed our minds."-and then he stopped
         | talking.
        
           | c1sc0 wrote:
           | I'd say that unilateral geo-engineering by private entities
           | becomes an option. Far easier for a private billionaire to
           | fund this than for any government considering the geo-
           | political implications . Who's up for playing billionaire
           | punk?
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Climate collapse is probably the Great Filter.
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | Previous generations though it was nuclear war. I wonder what
         | our grandkids will decide it's going to be. Probably something
         | we couldn't even imagine being a disaster today.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | I still think it'll be nuclear war as the proximate cause.
           | 
           | The US military used to call climate change a "force
           | multiplier". It turns all the existing stresses up to 11.
           | (Water shortage, ideological and ethnic conflict, great power
           | dick-measuring, etc. etc.)
           | 
           | [Sorry, I can't lay hands on the PDF right now, and I think
           | the research unit was disbanded about 10 years ago, so the
           | report will be difficult to find on the internet. But it was
           | in about 2005 or 2006.]
        
           | chess_buster wrote:
           | Pfff, why not both.
        
           | JoshTko wrote:
           | The way I see it climate collapse is going to significantly
           | increase the probability of nuclear war
        
       | retrac98 wrote:
       | I'm going to sell up my city house and get a little land in the
       | country so we can be more self sufficient while shit increasingly
       | hits the fan.
       | 
       | We in the first world need to radically reduce our consumption
       | and reassess our relationship with this planet, and we need to do
       | it now.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | Of course, if you're serious about prepping isn't it generally
         | a good idea not to tell people?
         | 
         | Good luck - hope you find a good community.
        
         | tjr225 wrote:
         | I'm trying to find humor at the irony of rich tech bros moving
         | to where poor people live and driving the poor people further
         | away.
         | 
         | Also; many have argued cities are more efficient than the
         | alternative: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/environmental-
         | advantages-citi...
         | 
         | Not that I disagree with your sentiment, but 8 billion people
         | going back to a primitive way of life doesn't seem like a
         | sustainable option either. Nice that you have the privilege to
         | do it, though. Ironically, we are in need affordable housing
         | where the city jobs are. That way we aren't forcing low paid
         | workers to commute 1+ hours each way each day to put food on
         | their families table. Here's the ironic part: depending on
         | where you live, selling your city house in the current market
         | only makes that problem worse!
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | What does a rich tech bro make these days?
        
           | varelse wrote:
           | Cities are wonderful places except that hell is other people.
           | There's actually no need to go back to a primitive way of
           | life but there absolutely is a need to learn more basic
           | survival skills with respect to self-sufficiency. Or if you
           | can't even change a tire on a car you should be afraid, very
           | afraid.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | > hell is other people.
             | 
             | This is such a common attitude in the US, but it's also a
             | very US attitude. I mean, when I lived in Italy, there were
             | just always other people around. High mountains, small
             | towns, walk in the countryside... you're quite likely to
             | see someone anywhere you go. So you just deal with it.
             | 
             | These things are personal preferences, so difficult to
             | reason about, but I feel that a lot of people in the US
             | would be happier if they didn't have this hangup about
             | "other people", while participating in a society that is
             | entirely and completely dependent on other people.
        
               | varelse wrote:
               | I'm happier walking around in downtown Hong Kong, a place
               | with much greater density of humanity than anywhere in
               | the United States, than I am here in the US. I think you
               | are denying the existence of fundamentally irrational US
               | citizens who make things suck for everything else in a
               | way citizens of some other countries simply don't.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | I have my share of complaints about the US, and with
               | COVID, there are more, but by and large, other people
               | here aren't so bad.
               | 
               | I feel like it's not tenable to maintain this attitude of
               | "it's only good if there's no one else", which you see
               | here a lot.
        
               | varelse wrote:
               | Well, if there aren't real concrete consequences for
               | doing demonstrably obviously illegal things, then it
               | seems to me it will only get worse here going forward. So
               | I honestly do not blame anyone whatsoever for wanting to
               | run away to either the middle of nowhere or to live among
               | likeminded sorts. I did so myself after getting
               | physically attacked by pandemic deniers who lived down
               | the street from me.
               | 
               | But this was a pre-existing condition - the last half
               | decade really unleashed and enabled the full scope of our
               | national insanity with the pandemic and 2020 election the
               | coup de grace IMO.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | svilen_dobrev wrote:
         | in the other end of the world... in somewhat dense place where
         | there's no hundreds of human-free kilometers, i know some
         | family that not only are living off-grid, off-water say 3-4kms
         | away from some village, but also off-phone, off- whatever
         | infrastructure, .. and they also managing to live off-banks,
         | off-bills, and all that. Producing and trading naturaly grown
         | stuff.. Now that seems like impossible to me.. or impossibly
         | persistent..
        
           | tjr225 wrote:
           | I know a shitload of people living off grid underneath
           | interstate 5 and yet everyone hates them!
        
         | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
         | Are you certain you'll have a smaller footprint? By all my
         | calculation, I can't have less an impact on
         | climate/biodiversity than by living in a flat in a city. No
         | remote, least heating, public park (instead of a private
         | garden, which is comparatively not good at all for
         | biodiversity), still buying food from local farm, etc. Frugal
         | urban lifestyle always beats the rural unless you're a farmer
         | for the many.
        
         | mahogany wrote:
         | I like and support all of these ideas -- trying to go off grid,
         | becoming more self-sufficient, reducing consumption -- but I
         | will just add that few people/families historically have been
         | _entirely_ self-sufficient. It turns out that such a thing is a
         | lot of work and really hard or impossible to maintain,
         | depending on what your goals are. Even the Europeans that were
         | settling in America in the 1700s were likely not self-
         | sufficient -- there was plenty of gifting and trade throughout.
         | 
         | The key is your community. If shit really does hit the fan, I'd
         | imagine that your chance of survival is much higher if you have
         | a community around you where there is mutual support, rather
         | than being entirely alone in a 200 acre woodlot.
         | 
         | (Not saying that your goal is to be 100% self-sufficient --
         | just pointing this out because I've idealized this before. It's
         | an understandable reaction to the craziness of the modern
         | world.)
        
           | y4mi wrote:
           | > _but I will just add that few people /families historically
           | have been entirely self-sufficient_
           | 
           | I'm not sure why you think that should be the goal.
           | 
           | If they're mostly self sufficient they'll be off to a much
           | better start then others. Even if it's not perfect, its
           | definitely _better_
           | 
           | And if it actually does get really bad... They'll probably
           | have people join them so self sufficiency won't be necessary
           | anymore.
        
             | mahogany wrote:
             | There are a lot of people in various "prepper-adjacent"
             | communities that romanticize and idealize being fully self-
             | sufficient. There's often a hyper-individualistic mentality
             | that comes with that too. My comment is just to add context
             | that going fully self-sufficient is extremely challenging
             | and community is important, especially in an end-of-world
             | scenario.
             | 
             | To be clear, I think becoming more self-sufficient is
             | definitely a good thing, and I strive toward that myself.
        
               | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
               | >I think becoming more self-sufficient is definitely a
               | good thing
               | 
               | Why? I live in Paris, and get my food (vegetable, fruits,
               | bread, eggs, peas...) from an AMAP. It's like a coop for
               | about 100 families where we pay the farmer one year in
               | advamce for their whole annual production. It's cheaper
               | than most supermarkets, it's local and organic, it's self
               | sufficient (no competition, we pay the farmer well,
               | according to their actual costs). We only have to
               | organize the distribution weekly (take a few hours per
               | year for every member). I bet the farmer will do better
               | for our organization than any "self sufficient" family.
        
               | yodsanklai wrote:
               | What's the goal of this? eating healthier products or
               | does it minimize environmental impact? In particular,
               | would that model scale to the whole city of Paris?
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | I'm not aiming for anything as radical as a lot of the
           | replies seem to think. I just want bit of space to breathe
           | cleaner air, grow food and install some renewables.
        
             | mahogany wrote:
             | I don't think you are. Maybe I should have added that at
             | the beginning instead of the end of my comment. I think
             | your goals -- especially the ones you outline in this
             | comment -- are great and I have similar ones.
        
               | retrac98 wrote:
               | Don't worry, I didn't think you did. Some of the other
               | replies made some odd assumptions though.
               | 
               | Thanks for your kind words, and best of luck.
        
         | jostmey wrote:
         | Don't destroy habitats in country just to move out of the city.
         | It's probably worse for the environment
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | Not planning to.
        
         | yyy888sss wrote:
         | In my town most of the upper income people live outside the
         | city in houses with rainwater collection, septic tanks and
         | increasingly no electric grid connection either (thanks to
         | solar panels and battery). There is nothing self sufficient
         | about this. Every one of these households still has 2 cars,
         | fridge, tv, internet, computers, supermarket food, medicine,
         | clothes and furniture from China etc. Most people who go off
         | grid in developed countries probably consume more resources
         | than the average city dweller living in a small apartment.
        
         | skrtskrt wrote:
         | Living in a remote area is much worse for the environment
         | because of all the energy need to deliver goods out there for a
         | tiny amount of people
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | Out where?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | A high consumption, high travel lifestyle is bad for the
           | environment wherever you are.
           | 
           | Living in a remote environment limits your income. (Or used
           | to, anyway. I guess we'll see in five or ten years.) Nearly
           | everyone's spending closely follows their income.
        
             | yesimahuman wrote:
             | Living remote and working in tech definitely does _not_
             | limit your income these days. You can live like a king
             | outside of major cities on a engineer or higher-up tech
             | salary these days.
        
             | fakedang wrote:
             | Living remote does not limit your income. And in fact, from
             | reduced spending (due to lower CoL), you get way more bang
             | for your buck.
             | 
             | Living rural can work if you reduce your consumption and
             | travel. If you're getting your water from a well in your
             | land with electricity from natural renewables, and you also
             | grow your own vegetables and raise your own chicken, you're
             | self-sufficient.
        
           | hagbard_c wrote:
           | Living in a remote area can be as low-impact as you want it
           | to be. The grandparent post said he was going off-grid so he
           | should be energy self-sufficient. assume he'll grow some
           | crops, hunt, fish and/or get locally produced/hunted/fished
           | goods and you're left with whatever "luxury" he'll want to
           | have which he can not take with him while moving out to the
           | countryside. If you want to live the life of a city-dweller,
           | getting commercial goods delivered at your doorstep at a
           | moments' notice, yes, in that case you'll be doing everyone a
           | favour by staying put in the city. Most people who plan on
           | living off-grid in the boonies do not crave for that
           | lifestyle, they tend to aim for self- or local-sufficiency as
           | much as possible.
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | >he should be energy self-sufficient. assume he'll grow
             | some crops, hunt, fish and/or get locally
             | produced/hunted/fished goods
             | 
             | If you shared the farm and solar panels with a few friends
             | you trust, is this close enough? Because you can have that
             | in a city (search for Enercoop in France for the energy,
             | and AMAP for _Association Pour une Agriculture Paysanne_).
             | 
             | Local, clean, self sufficient, etc. but with a minimum of
             | solidarity. Also, you have a much smaller footprint by
             | living in a city so it's a scalable model (i.e not one man
             | for himself and apres moi le deluge).
        
           | varelse wrote:
           | Tell that to the Amish anytime.
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | L'exception confirme la regle.
        
         | hagbard_c wrote:
         | What "we in the first world" mostly need to concentrate on is
         | mitigation of the effects of whatever the climate bestows upon
         | us, there is no sense in trying to change the course of the
         | climate. Mitigation means developing crops which will grow and
         | prosper in areas where the conditions become more amenable to
         | agriculture, e.g. large parts of the northern hemisphere which
         | are now tundra might become more bountiful if the temperature
         | goes where it was during the last interglacial and during the
         | Holocene climatic optimum. If there is a marked rise of sea
         | level - which is not a given, it wholly depends on where on the
         | planet you happen to take measurements since several areas are
         | still rising due to post-glacial rebound [1] - this can be
         | mitigated in several ways as has been shown in the Netherlands
         | for centuries.
         | 
         | It does not make sense to waste time doing penance by
         | "reassessing out relationship with this planet" - the planet
         | couldn't care less whether we live or die - when the
         | capabilities of "the first world" are much better suited for
         | developing and implementing technologies to improve the quality
         | of life for anyone who cares to implement them. This does not
         | mean churn out more useless commercial crap to be produced by
         | the lowest bidder. What it means is developing and producing
         | effective desalination systems to ensure the availability of
         | fresh water, effective energy storage systems which _actually
         | work_ , can be _affordably_ produced _now_ in _enough quantity_
         | , design and series-build nuclear (fission) power generation
         | systems which can be delivered and installed on locations
         | without needing to type-approve each and every installation as
         | if it is a from-the-ground-up design, etc. Whatever impact a
         | changing climate - whether that change means a warmer or cooler
         | climate - has it will be worldwide but the mitigations will
         | need to be implemented on a local/regional/national level.
         | 
         | So, no penance is wanted nor needed nor would that be of any
         | help. It is good old human ingenuity which we should turn to. A
         | species which looks towards colonising other planets should be
         | - and is - capable of facing this much smaller challenge and
         | emerge victoriously.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | It's not this simple.
        
             | hagbard_c wrote:
             | Nothing is simple. Surviving during the last glaciation
             | wasn't simple yet people still lived. Crossing the ocean
             | without accurate maps wasn't simple yet the oceans were
             | crossed. Developing and growing enough crops to feed 7.5
             | billion people when Malthus said the planet could not
             | sustain 1 billion people wasn't simple but they were
             | developed and the population is still growing. Landing on
             | the moon, diving to the Marianas trench, reclaiming the
             | 'polders' in the Netherlands, developing nuclear power,
             | writing Beethoven's 5th symphony, writing and memorising
             | "The Gulag Archipelago" to later commit it to paper were
             | not simple but all those things were done.
             | 
             | What do you mean by saying "it's not that simple"?
        
               | retrac98 wrote:
               | That the problem is more complex than you're making it
               | out to be.
        
               | weakfish wrote:
               | The burden is of proof is on you to explain your point.
               | 
               | (Coming from someone (me)scared shitless about climate)
        
               | hagbard_c wrote:
               | Please explain in what sense my explanation simplifies
               | the problem and what would need to be changed to what I
               | propose to make it better. Just saying that "it is not
               | that simple" without saying where I'm wrong doesn't help
               | me better my ways. In short I propose to solve problems
               | instead of meditating on them while retreating from the
               | world stage. What is missing?
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | If you are okay with it, could you share more details? Where
         | are you moving to? How are you handling power, water? And
         | internet?
        
       | Glench wrote:
       | Love that NOAA is getting shit done. They just redid the
       | climate.gov website to be more useful: https://www.climate.gov/
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Only if we have the tenth of competence in SSA and DMVs (state
         | run) around the US. I want some strong leader to abolish them
         | and start again. Fire all the useless employees that corrupt
         | these places if they don't improve.
         | 
         | I'm paying for this. And so are you. And we should expect
         | nothing but excellence. It's harsh but this is what I feel.
        
           | bigbillheck wrote:
           | I've lived in and gotten drivers licenses in several states
           | and in none of them were there any problems with the DMVs
           | that couldn't have been improved by hiring more people.
           | 
           | It seems like a pretty thankless job, and I would by no means
           | want to do it.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | At this point, your anecdote doesn't help - heck, DMV's
             | inefficiencies are so widely known and even featured in
             | some movies: https://www.google.com/search?q=dmv+sloth
        
               | bigbillheck wrote:
               | There are lots of things that are 'widely known and even
               | featured in some movies' which have no basis in fact (or
               | if they ever did, it's long gone).
               | 
               | For an example relevant to here, consider how movies
               | depict operating a computer and how that relates to one's
               | own lived experiences.
        
               | AutumnCurtain wrote:
               | It seems deeply odd to say anecdotes don't help and then
               | talk about movies, if it doesn't help him it doesn't help
               | you
        
           | neuronexmachina wrote:
           | Maybe I'm missing something, but what does this have to do
           | with the NOAA's climate report?
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | Make work, bullshit jobs is basically a crude mechanism for a
           | kind of UBI for many people.
           | 
           | Our governments are deeply disincentivized to cleanup these
           | inefficiencies because it means higher unemployment.
           | 
           | This is one of the reasons I'm a strong supporting of an
           | actual UBI + universal healthcare. If people's lives aren't
           | destroyed and driven to death by poverty if they don't have a
           | job, then there won't be as much moral and political hazard
           | to eliminating bullshit jobs in favor a system that works
           | better for all of us.
        
             | felgueres wrote:
             | The gov optimization function is to maximize production not
             | employment. This is an ongoing fallacy in the political
             | narrative but the unseen consequences of making up jobs is
             | overall lower purchasing power.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | There's also an element of keeping people busy so they
               | don't have time to organize or challenge the status quo
               | of power.
        
             | throwawaysea wrote:
             | Isn't this a convoluted way of saying we have too many
             | people?
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Depends. Do you think the only reason people should exist
               | is to serve the machine?
        
             | mlang23 wrote:
             | But how would you force people to vaccinate if they are on
             | UBI and dont have to jump when their employer says so? Or
             | do you crack the U of UBI then, attaching strings to the
             | basic income to make people comply to what you want them to
             | comply with?
        
             | exporectomy wrote:
             | Replacing bullshit jobs with UBI takes away many ways that
             | important emotional needs are met. Feeling useful,
             | important, part of something bigger, respected, etc. These
             | are very important for quality of life.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | I would argue that it's worse to slowly come to the
               | sickening realization that you're not _actually_ useful.
               | That the people around you just put up with you and give
               | you something to occupy your time with out of pity.
               | 
               | If we make sure everyone's basic economic needs are met,
               | then maybe they'll surprise you and find a job or social
               | niche where they legitimately are useful and valued. But
               | if you're economically imprisoned to your current job,
               | then you won't have the time or freedom to explore.
               | 
               | Also, unemployment insurance and welfare as they are now
               | are fundamentally different from UBI. The nature of these
               | programs is "stay unemployed or economically useless, or
               | else you lose the benefit" and it actively
               | disincentivizes people from trying to contribute to
               | society.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Feeling useful, important, part of something bigger,
               | respected, etc. These are very important for quality of
               | life.
               | 
               | And it's pathologically toxic that we as a society
               | believe the only valid way to meet those emotional needs
               | is by providing value to a company in exchange for the
               | means to survive.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | I take it you've not spent much time talking with people
               | in bullshit jobs? Most would be _thrilled_ to be paid to
               | watch /teach their kids, or work on an artistic side-
               | hustle or hobby. Work is just the stupid, pointless
               | bullshit someone makes them do to have money, while
               | taking time from them they could be using for things that
               | are actually valuable. It's not meeting an emotional need
               | or making them feel important. God, certainly not
               | respected.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | I would side with the opposite: To make it easy to fire
             | government employees (mostly leaders and managers) like we
             | do in private industry. Deeply unpopular but I believe it's
             | the correct strategy. UBI is not fixing the underlying
             | problem. Strong top down direction like Apple or Space X.
        
               | coffeecat wrote:
               | > UBI is not fixing the underlying problem.
               | 
               | I disagree entirely. The practical and moral reason why
               | it's difficult to fire workers is because it generally
               | results in the worker losing his income and healthcare,
               | leading to personal and familial hardship. If healthcare
               | were de-coupled from employment, then the hardship
               | experienced by a fired worker is reduced. If some amount
               | of income is de-coupled from employment, then the
               | hardship experienced by a fired worker is further reduced
               | (unemployment insurance works fine enough as a temporary
               | band-aid, but it's not the real deal).
               | 
               | If we can get enough social infrastructure in place so
               | that fired workers experience minimal hardship, then it
               | becomes morally acceptable to make our government and
               | companies more efficient, by laying off inefficient or
               | unnecessary workers. Society then gets to equitably reap
               | the rewards of this increased efficiency.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Relatedly, in theory it also makes it much easier for a
               | worker in a "local maxima" of doing a job they dislike
               | inefficiently so long as checks get cleared more of an
               | incentive to quit on their own decision and find a better
               | personal "efficiency" for their labor if they feel much
               | more comfortable that they have a safety net if they
               | decide to seek new options.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | Along similar lines, it also reduces the risk of quitting
               | to follow some entrepreneurial venture, potentially
               | boosting innovation in addition to adding a force pushing
               | the market towards decentralization, which is probably a
               | good thing.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Along the same lines, it also (in theory) helps non bread
               | winners in abusive domestic relationships leave the
               | relationship, since they have a static income stream tied
               | to themselves rather than being 100% dependent on their
               | partner.
        
         | ahevia wrote:
         | I'm just hoping there's enough momentum and support for
         | addressing climate change that NOAA can _keep_ getting things
         | done. Regardless of who might be in office in the future.
         | 
         | Last thing we need is a new administration in 2024 completely
         | undoing all the progress we're making again.
        
           | perfunctory wrote:
           | What is your hope based on? Genuinely curious. All evidence
           | shows that there is neither momentum nor support, next to
           | nothing is being done and global emissions just keep rising.
        
             | ahevia wrote:
             | My hope comes from personal experience. Not exactly
             | empirical. I've been involved in the climate movement for a
             | long time now (since before I was even a teenager) and
             | things have improved vastly during my life alone. If you
             | asked me this question a few years ago I would be down in
             | the dumps, but what I see around me these days has me much
             | more positive of how humanity makes it through this. (I'm
             | sorry I don't really have one specific link or citation.
             | Yale Climate Communication is a good place to start though)
             | 
             | There is still a lot of losses and a lot of inaction. I
             | don't know if humanity will have a peaceful time mid or
             | late century, but I don't think the situation is as dire as
             | it used to be.
        
               | varelse wrote:
               | Right before he died, David MacKay did a study indicating
               | we needed to rely on an insane amount of nuclear to
               | survive (but we live in a world insanely against nuclear
               | power). Since then the price of solar energy has
               | plummeted. Has anyone done the study to update these
               | numbers?
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/environm
               | ent...
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | I read "just hoping" as "wishing for" not "have hope that".
        
       | andred14 wrote:
       | Stop BSing us ALL previous climate disaster predictions DID NOT
       | happen.
        
       | superflit2 wrote:
       | We really should build more Nuclear.
       | 
       | Nuclear is the real clean energy.
        
         | sleepysysadmin wrote:
         | >We really should build more Nuclear.
         | 
         | California's last nuclear plant is almost done.
         | Environmentalists are against nuclear and so it's difficult to
         | build more.
         | 
         | In all the world, I believe only about 100 nuclear plants are
         | even planned. Most of which are in China.
         | 
         | https://endcoal.org/tracker/
         | 
         | Looks to be about 1,000 new coal plants being built or at least
         | planned. Most of which are in China. Which will no doubt
         | operate for decades.
         | 
         | Obviously North America is more interested in Solar, Wind, and
         | Natural Gas. Eventually we will get to gridscale power storage.
         | Suddenly it'll be problem solved.
        
           | marcyb5st wrote:
           | No, it won't be problem solved.
           | 
           | We have already kickstarted positive feedback loops like
           | thawing of the tundra, reduced albedo due to smaller ice
           | sheets, ... . We actually need to go carbon negative for a
           | while to offset those. The technology you mention surely will
           | help greatly in avoiding speeding things up, but they won't
           | take us back to preindustrial levels alone.
        
           | epistasis wrote:
           | Nuclear isn't difficult to build because of
           | environmentalists, it's difficult to build because we don't
           | know how to build big things anymore.
           | 
           | Check out the autopsy of VC Summer's failure, or the delays
           | at Vogtle, and you won't find any environmentalists to blame.
           | At least I haven't been able to find any hint of that, and if
           | it were possible to blame environmentalists, I would think
           | that the contractor and utility would be screaming it.
        
         | mnd999 wrote:
         | Preferably fusion, but that's still proving super hard. But
         | yes, any form would help a lot.
         | 
         | If you're suggesting hydro, wind and solar are not clean energy
         | though I think you need to expand on that.
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | For all practical purposes, we need to pretend like fusion
           | doesn't exist. Sure, we should still invest in it and do
           | research, but we're setting ourselves up for disaster if we
           | peg our hopes on viable fusion.
           | 
           | Plus, fusion likely has the same kind of practical, economic
           | limitations (huge upfront capital cost and long build time)
           | that make fission hard to justify in an environment of small,
           | cheap fossil fuel burners and wind/solar units.
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | It does feel exciting that fusion has apparently moved from
             | being "just 5 years away" for something like three decades
             | to this past decade they've revised down to now perpetually
             | "just 2 years away", at that burndown rate we can expect it
             | in maybe three decades.
             | 
             | That said the cheapest fusion power we'll ever have access
             | to will always be solar power because the capital costs of
             | building our solar system's sun are already well and easily
             | sunk/amortized.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | Here's my comment from a couple of days ago.
               | 
               | I'll add that as well as reaching Qtotal > 500, we need
               | continuous operating life to be of the order of 10
               | million seconds, "only" 13 orders of magnitude away. Not
               | going to happen in 2 years, or 5 years, or 40 years.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | The mininum viable Qplasma would be in the neighborhood
               | of 100.[1] Fusion may get competitive for electricity
               | generation with a Qtotal > 500.[2]
               | 
               | 1. Sabine Hossenfelder, How Close Is Nuclear Fusion?,
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJ4W1g-6JiY&t=8s
               | 
               | 2. Nicholas Hawker, A simplified economic model for
               | inertial fusion,
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33040650/
        
         | zarq wrote:
         | It's clean in the sense that it isn't generating CO2. But it is
         | a finite resource. Also, the environmental impact of a nuclear
         | power plant is non-negligible.
        
           | lobocinza wrote:
           | Everything is finite. Solar and other "renewables" aren't
           | clean or renewable because the components don't live forever
           | and their manufacturing requires rare earths which are a
           | finite and very unclean to mine. AFAIK rare earths are not
           | being recycled so we are just sweeping the dirty under the
           | carpet and not really greenifying the energy. But for
           | countries that currently burn coal anything would be an
           | improvement.
           | 
           | Nuclear is finite but so is coal and oil and we are nowhere
           | close of running out of it. New reserves will be discovered
           | once there's demand. And used fuel can be recycled in breeder
           | reactors.
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | Solar panels don't contain rare earth elements. Apply
             | heightened scrutiny to any source that told you that they
             | need rare earth elements.
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | Nuclear's clean only as long as nothing goes wrong.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | When something goes wrong that doesn't cause more global
           | warming either, it just creates a durable refuge for
           | wildlife.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | Whenever I have regrets, I remind myself that I can't know what
         | would have happened if I had went down that other road, maybe a
         | poor decision saved me from a worse fate.
         | 
         | If we had scaled up on nuclear, there's no way every reactor
         | would have had the best engineers, best contractors, best
         | governance -- there would certainly be some that cut corners or
         | got built on a fault line or vulnerable to some other
         | unpredictable disaster or terrorist attack.
        
           | nice_byte wrote:
           | that would still be better than what we ended up with. i'll
           | take a dozen fukushima type events over the span of 20-30yrs
           | over slowly but steadily ruining the planet every day.
        
             | guscost wrote:
             | Well, that was a tsunami that killed ~10,000 people, so
             | maybe not _exactly_ like Fukushima.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | I'll take a dozen Fukushimas _every year_ (deaths from
             | radiation: 1; deaths from evacuation stress: 273) over the
             | hundreds of thousands killed every year by air pollution
             | from coal burning.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | We probably _should have built_ more nuclear plants, but it 's
         | too late now. Any plants we started planning today would not
         | come on line for 10-20 years. In the meantime, renewable energy
         | is cheaper, simpler, and quicker; any money we might be able to
         | spend developing additional nuclear plants would be put to
         | better use developing more wind, solar, and long-distance
         | transmission infrastructure.
        
         | cableshaft wrote:
         | Nuclear is (more or less) clean, and would have been great to
         | focus more on 20 years ago (instead of slowing it down, that
         | was a mistake), and can still be part of the solution, but it's
         | no longer the best or only solution.
         | 
         | "Stabilising the climate is urgent, nuclear power is slow. It
         | meets no technical or operational need that these low-carbon
         | competitors cannot meet better, cheaper, and faster."
         | 
         | "The report estimates that the average construction time for
         | reactors worldwide was ten years, significantly longer than the
         | World Nuclear Association's estimated construction time of
         | between five and eight years. Nuclear reactors are also slow to
         | start and a number have closed, with nine units closing over
         | 2018 and a further five units expected to close over 2019."
         | 
         | "The report also states that nuclear power is more expensive
         | than renewables. Nuclear energy costs around $112-189 per
         | megawatt hour (MWh) compared to $26-56MWh for onshore wind and
         | $36-44MWh for solar power. Levelised cost estimates for solar
         | and wind also dropped by 88% and 69% respectively, while they
         | increased by 23% for nuclear power."
         | 
         | https://www.power-technology.com/news/nuclear-energy-report-...
        
           | XiJinpinggg wrote:
           | Mass production solves all these problems. France build
           | almost 50 reactors in 10 years in the seventies.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | I am not opposed to nuclear on principle, but I am
         | pragmatically opposed to building new nuclear for three
         | reasons: 1) the amount of nuclear that we get per dollar 2) the
         | long delay between funding/approval/design and the first power
         | delivers to the grid, and 3) the chance that when we do spend
         | money, that we will actually get something out at the end.
         | 
         | Throughout the US and Europe, all recent attempts at building
         | new nuclear have suffered from massive construction failure.
         | Not from regulatory burdens, but from just building what was
         | designed by engineers. Vogtle, Summer, Flamanville, Hinkley,
         | and Olkiluoto have been huge disappointments.
         | 
         | France's only hope for new nuclear to replace their aging fleet
         | is now small modular reactors, a technology that in the past
         | has been rejected foe being too costly since the costs are
         | supposed to go down with larger reactors, not smaller.
         | 
         | If we get new nuclear, it will either be because Russia builds
         | it (and there's no evidence that Russia could take a US
         | construction crew and get a completed project), or because we
         | try a new form of nuclear.
         | 
         | I think it's time to realize that nuclear technology does not
         | fit our current skill set. And that wind, solar, and storage
         | have leapfrogged nuclear in terms of advanced technology.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | > 2) the long delay between funding/approval/design and the
           | first power delivers to the grid, and 3) the chance that when
           | we do spend money, that we will actually get something out at
           | the end.
           | 
           | So lobby your senator and congressperson to create and pass
           | legislation enabling nuclear (changing radiation limits to be
           | scientifically based, and banning NIMBY lawsuits, for
           | example), and to fast-track the whole approvals process.
           | (Type-approval of factory-made designs, for example. And
           | automatic approval of coal furnace replacement with type-
           | approved reactors.)
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | I remember a few years back the phrase "global weirding" was
       | circulating to indicate that weather around the world is expected
       | to get more volatile (rather than just warmer across the board).
       | With "global weirding" in mind are there any areas that are
       | experiencing cooler climate than historical average?
        
         | monkeyfacebag wrote:
         | All I have is my personal experience that SF felt especially
         | cold this summer.
        
         | Diederich wrote:
         | "weather weirding" will tend to statistically disappear quite
         | quickly given any kind of averaging.
         | 
         | A better measure is the number of incidents of weather
         | extremes: heat, cold, rain, drought, storms.
         | 
         | I'm not going to look those up right now, but there's a ton of
         | evidence that those incidents are going up dramatically.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | That's the point - to highlight that weather isn't climate.
           | Average temp up 2 deg Celsius means 100F weird weather in the
           | polar circle in the summer.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | rain replaces snow in some places, which changes a lot of
         | things; plants and water that change local weather, change;
         | overall trend of desertification ("becoming a desert") is big
        
         | nend wrote:
         | Here's the map for 2020:
         | https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/global/mapping/2020
         | 
         | Looks like India and parts of Canada/Alaska experienced
         | slightly cooler temps, as well as a decent area over water.
         | 
         | For 2019, large parts of interior Canada and the US, as well as
         | parts of Oceania.
         | 
         | https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/global/mapping/2019
         | 
         | One of the other noticeable things about those maps is Siberia.
         | Affected quite a bit by warmer temps in both years.
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | One perspective to look at "global weirding" is that global
         | climate change right now is seeing a massive influx of new
         | _energy_ , and not all energy becomes heat. So the volatility
         | implied in "global weirding" doesn't necessarily mean we'll see
         | much in the way of record lows/record cold places (though we'll
         | still see some), but we'll see more energy in the climate in
         | general: stronger winds, stronger storms, more storms, storms
         | in different places "than usual".
         | 
         | We're seeing a lot of that indeed: this is the second tropical
         | storm season in a row we've exhausted the prepared number of
         | about 22 alphabetical "English first names" and have moved on
         | to Greek letters and other stopgaps.
         | 
         | We've seen tropical storms hit more places, including some big
         | activity in what used to be "far north" for tropical storm
         | season such as New York state.
         | 
         | We've seen an expansion/shifting of "Tornado Alley" in the
         | United States. States that never previously had tornado drills
         | have had to add them and start trying to educate their
         | residents.
         | 
         | We have seen some record snow storms and some record single day
         | lows in many cities, especially in "wind chill" lows that
         | factors in increased cold wind velocity, even if no one city
         | can claim to be that much cooler than it was before.
        
         | chroem- wrote:
         | > I remember a few years back the phrase "global weirding" was
         | circulating to indicate that weather around the world is
         | expected to get more volatile (rather than just warmer across
         | the board).
         | 
         | Isn't this a predicted observation in the case of increased
         | media reporting?
        
         | DesiLurker wrote:
         | I started to call this 'weather randomization' because thats
         | what it is.
        
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