[HN Gopher] Why "Trusting the Science" Is Complicated
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why "Trusting the Science" Is Complicated
        
       Author : robtherobber
       Score  : 149 points
       Date   : 2021-10-13 13:39 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.lareviewofbooks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.lareviewofbooks.org)
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | Here's the problem:
       | 
       | 1. Science is a process. If you've ever seen the typical graph
       | explaining the scientific method it's important to note that it's
       | a loop. Science is iterative;
       | 
       | 2. I'm not sure I agree with the characterization of
       | falsifiability here as making predictions that can be proven
       | wrong. The essence of scientific theory is to make testable
       | predictions, that is the theory can be used to make predictions
       | that can be experimentally tested. Scientific theories are never
       | proven right per se, at least not without making assumptions.
       | They simply become accepted given enough of a track record of
       | testable predictions and continued failure to find a
       | counterexample;
       | 
       | 3. By (2), creationism clearly isn't science. It makes no
       | testable predictions. Efforts to conflate creationism as science
       | continue the long losing trend of religion pitting itself against
       | science (eg Capernicus, Galileo) and it's not science;
       | 
       | 4. There are an awful lot of people who don't understand or have
       | no interest in understanding that science is a process and are
       | merely looking for confirmation of what they already believe.
       | These people tend to reject anything that contradicts their world
       | view;
       | 
       | 5. In the US in particular, there is a long history of anti-
       | intellectualism that's deeply tied to religion; and
       | 
       | 6. Ironically, the people who reject accepted science are
       | typically the most easily manipulated by religious dogma,
       | jingoism or the like; and
       | 
       | 7. There are people who are quite willing to manipulate others
       | for financial gain and/or power. It's why every living president,
       | all but ~3 Senators, all but a handful of Congresspeople, all
       | governors and the likes of Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity are
       | all vaccinated but continue to fan the flames of anti-vaxxers for
       | their own gain.
        
         | iammisc wrote:
         | > Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity are all vaccinated but
         | continue to fan the flames of anti-vaxxers for their own gain.
         | 
         | Sean Hannity has continuously supported vaccines (has
         | unequivocally stated he thinks they're the best way to deal
         | with the pandemic); he's just against mandates, and believes
         | you should speak with your own doctor about them. If that's
         | being an anti-vaxxer, then most people are.
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | It's a milder position than Tucker Carlson but Hannity also
           | pushed hydrochloroquine.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | Trusting science is antithetical to science.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | serverholic wrote:
       | Speaking of trusting science, I have a bone to pick with the
       | "soft" sciences like psychology, and sociology.
       | 
       | These sciences are much more open to interpretation than, say,
       | physics. Yet people will link research papers in these fields and
       | push them as 100% fact without thinking critically about these
       | papers.
       | 
       | Let's say that your paper claims "X reduces negative behaviors in
       | children such as aggression". In my experience on Reddit and
       | Hacker News, people will link papers like this and claim you are
       | anti-science for questioning anything.
       | 
       | Yet there are some important questions that should be answered
       | like:
       | 
       | "How do you even measure aggression?"
       | 
       | "Did X also reduce assertiveness (which is linked to
       | aggression)?"
       | 
       | "Is aggression always a negative behavior? Who decided this was
       | an appropriate classification?"
       | 
       | "Holistically, is this a better outcome overall or were there
       | drawbacks to doing X?"
       | 
       | It's to the point where I have serious doubts about the validity
       | of papers in soft science fields. Unless of course your paper
       | measures something directly like serotonin levels.
        
       | tenpoundhammer wrote:
       | I haven't seen this comment yet, so here we go.
       | 
       | I live in a rural community of about 15,000 people, attend
       | church, and sports for my kids and generally spend a lot of time
       | with people in the community. These are people who don't trust
       | the science.
       | 
       | They aren't stupid, they aren't uneducated, and they mostly
       | aren't believing radical misinformation. There are two really
       | important things to consider though.
       | 
       | 1. They don't have experience with Science or Statistics. Outside
       | of a high school classroom 20 or more years ago. [It's easy to
       | get through college without any meaningful science education]
       | 
       | 2. They have been screwed by the medical system, government, and
       | economy.
       | 
       | Their decision making and behavior is primarily driven off of
       | their intuition and second hand information from people they
       | trust. The vast majority of unvaccinated people that I know don't
       | believe in microchips or that the vaccine will kill them. They
       | just think they don't need it cause they aren't at risk or
       | because they have already developed natural immunity.
       | 
       | Some of them are right and some of them wrong. They are just
       | people and doing the best they can.
        
         | pedrosorio wrote:
         | > they aren't uneducated
         | 
         | > They don't have experience with Science or Statistics (...)
         | It's easy to get through college without any meaningful science
         | education
         | 
         | Maybe understanding science/statistics needs to be higher on
         | the list of criteria used to determine if someone is
         | "educated".
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Only if we want to exclude 99.5% of people. Plenty of
           | successful scientists are also bad at statistics.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | xaduha wrote:
       | United (sic) States of America is full of people who think that
       | they know better. If no matter what question or problem comes up
       | you have an answer ready, then your problem isn't with science,
       | you have a problem with logic.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Can you list countries in which this type of person doesn't
         | exist?
        
           | pumaontheprowl wrote:
           | North Korea.
        
           | xaduha wrote:
           | It's a quantity turning into quality type of situation.
        
       | rhema wrote:
       | It would be easier to "trust the science" for the plebs out there
       | if they felt that institutions valued their needs. Insulin could
       | cost $15 per vial, but they can cost $300. The financial
       | institutions (see 2008 crash) caused no problems for leaders of
       | institutions.
       | 
       | When I hear someone say "trust the science", I hear,
       | "institutions have worked out for me so far". As much as we wish
       | it were based on rational belief, it is almost certainly personal
       | experience.
       | 
       | George Carlin was right: "they" want you to be smart enough to
       | keep the system moving, but too dumb to see how inequitable the
       | system is.
       | 
       | EDIT: Addressing the "that's just capitalism, not science" point.
       | 
       | You can't really separate the funding from institutions from the
       | products / science. Governments limit the possible research that
       | can be done, media brings in attention and recognition,
       | universities placate their owners (corporate, government,
       | academic, investors). None of the institutions are really
       | motivated by what the base needs or wants apart from avoiding
       | actual anarchy and chaos. It's not a conspiracy. It is power
       | getting more power and power corrupting, quite naturally and with
       | people making rational choices in their own self interest.
        
         | sonicggg wrote:
         | Insulin does not cost $300 in >90% of countries out there. You
         | are just cherry-picking examples to fit your narrative.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | The example of institutional failure and its effects I always
         | come back to is autoworkers unions. An entire generation of
         | millions of autoworkers have left Detroit (once the richest
         | city in the world per capita) and become anti-establishment
         | conservatives as a result of broken trust and mistreatment.
        
         | cletus wrote:
         | This is a swing and a miss.
         | 
         | While I agree insulin prices are way too high and the
         | government allows Big Pharma to profit off death and the
         | taxpayer, this is really nothing to do with science and all to
         | do with the legislation around intellectual property that, for
         | example, prevents the import of cheaper and equivalent
         | substitutes from Canada and elsewhere.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | I agree with this. Relatedly, the media's portrayal of "who
         | trusts the science" (with respect to vaccination rates in
         | particular) has been really interesting. It seems like they're
         | deeply invested in giving the impression that conservatives
         | don't "trust the science", and the coverage seems particularly
         | unsympathetic. But when one digs in further, it seems that
         | _poor people_ don 't trust the science, including poor liberals
         | and progressives, which is why even blue cities hardly
         | outperformed the national average for vaccination rates for so
         | long. Of course, when the media broaches that, the reporting
         | becomes sympathetic, e.g., "why is science failing communities
         | of color?" and so on.
         | 
         | And of course, these kind of shenanigans further discredit the
         | media-- _including the science media_ --to the poor,
         | minorities, and conservatives thus propagating a cycle of
         | division. It's not enough to have a media that shares our
         | (wealth, predominantly white liberals and progressives) biases,
         | we really need to get back to a media that aspired toward
         | objectivity and neutrality.
         | 
         | EDIT: to put a finer point on it, when we politicize science,
         | we make it harder for people on the outside to trust science.
         | And we have some pretty big problems to tackle right now--covid
         | and climate with the latter being orders of magnitude more
         | serious than the former--and we should want to make it as easy
         | as possible for people to trust the science and do what they
         | can--specifically _vote_ --accordingly. And with respect to
         | climate and covid, it's not liberals who are _primarily_
         | responsible for distorting the science, but we do distort it on
         | a wide array of social issues and it 's hard for lay people to
         | know which science is distorted and which is reliable. If we
         | care about these things, we need to put on our grown-up pants
         | and stop using these issues as political footballs (this means
         | not responding to this comment with some variation of _" but
         | the other side is worse than us!"_ as though it absolves us of
         | our own responsibility). /soapbox
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | Okay, look, science has some ups and downs but unless you
         | expand its definition to include all components of modern
         | society, it's not charging people $300 for insulin. That's a
         | result of the various problems of the US medical system. We can
         | check this claim by comparing the price of insulin in different
         | countries, where science (being the same everywhere in the
         | universe) is the same but business works differently.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Right - "Trust the science" means that if your doctor
           | prescribes you insulin for high blood sugar, it's likely to
           | work and to help you live longer and healthier.
           | 
           | There are political decisions that cause it to be ruinously
           | expensive in the US. The messy bit is where science
           | necessarily interacts with politics.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | Doctor's prescriptions aren't really scientific although
             | they are a lot more science-adjacent than price setting.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | They aren't really talking about science. They are talking
           | about "trust the science", group-think, and trust in societal
           | institutions.
           | 
           | You're right that insulin price has nothing to do with
           | science, but rather economics and societal
           | institutions/policies. The trust in the institution
           | presenting the science is important. The purpose if science
           | is to answer questions in fact objectively through
           | reproducible observations. Telling people not to ask
           | reasonable questions and just "trust the science" is
           | appearently antithetical to people who understand the
           | process.
        
             | Viliam1234 wrote:
             | Telling average people to "trust the science" in practice
             | means telling them to trust the guy who says "I am speaking
             | in the name of science". Often, he is just lying. The
             | average people are not going to "trust the science" by
             | reading peer-reviewed studies.
             | 
             | Then there is the fact that someone can be a respected
             | scientist in e.g. linguistics and simultaneously a crackpot
             | in e.g. quantum physics, or vice versa. So you need to be
             | careful even with trusting the actual scientists.
             | (Similarly, the doctor talking about covid... is he an
             | epidemiologist, or does he just fix broken legs?)
             | 
             | Trying to think about best solution to make the actual
             | science accessible to average people... the "ask science"
             | subreddit is probably the best currently existing option.
        
               | thereddaikon wrote:
               | You don't even have to go that far. Scientists are just
               | people. They are intelligent and experts in their fields
               | but to be a Phd means you have a very narrow slice that
               | you are an expert in.
               | 
               | The problem is when these people try to public support
               | certain government policies. Knowing climate science or
               | quantum physics does not qualify you to be a policy
               | maker. It does qualify you to inform policy makers on
               | your narrow area of expertise.
               | 
               | I've seen a lot of scientists pull appeal to authority
               | fallacies by saying, I'm an expert in X and I say the
               | government should do Y. Most people aren't scientists but
               | they are smart enough to know that scientists don't know
               | everything and usually not any more adept at politics or
               | government than anyone else.
               | 
               | Politicization of science by scientists has done more
               | damage to the public trust in scientific institutions
               | than anything else.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Criticizing "trust the science" isn't the same thing as
           | criticizing _science_.  "trust the science" is a euphemism
           | for "trust the system" i.e., the media, special interest
           | groups (e.g., pharma), government, etc. "Trust the system's
           | portrait of 'the science' irrespective of whether or not it
           | accurately represents the views of a quorum of scientists".
           | In other words, "trust the system" is about _institutions_
           | broadly, not science in particular. That said,  "trust the
           | science" rhetoric works precisely because science is so
           | complicated for individuals to tease out--we depend on
           | _someone_ (our epistemological institutions) to synthesize it
           | for us.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | I agree with you in the abstract level you're operating on,
             | but in the two cases I know of where the slogan "trust the
             | science" is applied (vaccine safety/efficacy and global
             | warming), the claims about the opinions of scientists are
             | mostly true and the question is whether the studies are
             | right. The big studies do say that the vaccine is
             | effective, and they do say that global warming is real, and
             | you don't have to trust the Institutions(tm) because, well,
             | you can read the studies yourself.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: I have not read anywhere near every news
             | article published on either topic, and if you want to make
             | the case that the media is presenting a consensus different
             | from scientist's, that would be worth looking in to.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I'm generally in agreement with you about those two cases
               | as well, but it's hard to ask the public to "trust the
               | science" in those cases when "the science" (i.e.,
               | epistemological institutions) don't seem trustworthy more
               | broadly.
               | 
               | Moreover, my understanding of the _actual_ science (and
               | it 's hard to say for certain because again, science is
               | complicated and institutions distort) is that natural
               | immunity performs at least as well as vaccine immunity
               | (and maybe even quite a lot better), but a lot of people
               | are (perhaps understandably) upset at "vaccine passport"
               | policies which don't make exemptions for the naturally
               | immune. Moreover, "the science" i.e., the media,
               | governments, etc seem (or at least _seemed_ --I haven't
               | kept up with the issue recently and perhaps the media has
               | finally picked it up?) very reluctant to talk about the
               | merits of natural immunity. So even in what seemed like a
               | slam-dunk, happy path where "the science" and the
               | _actual_ science seemed to align, the picture seems
               | plausibly distorted. :(
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Here are the facts about that which I know:
               | 
               | - Someone who has been vaccinated is several times less
               | likely to catch it than someone who has not.
               | 
               | - Someone who has had it and gotten better is several
               | times less likely to catch it again than someone who has
               | been vaccinated but has not caught it yet. (This is one
               | definition of "natural immunity.")
               | 
               | - For some reason, many registries won't count a positive
               | test followed by a negative test as evidence for
               | immunity.
               | 
               | The first two are clearly laid out in the Israeli study
               | and are what I'd call "the scientific consensus,"
               | gathered by reading what actual scientists are saying.
               | I'm lost at the jump from the first two points to the
               | third because I can't see why it's done that way. The
               | media is not _completely_ silent on natural immunity, I
               | think I saw one article about the Israeli study
               | somewhere.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | The media is never _completely_ silent about anything,
               | but for many, many, many months it was very difficult to
               | get any information at all about natural immunity from
               | the media. I recall Googling around about it because
               | everyone was talking about vaccination numbers and
               | progress, but for the better part of a year, no one was
               | talking about how many people had natural immunity much
               | less how effective it is. Even if you 're inclined to
               | argue, _" but what if no one knew the answers to those
               | questions?"_--first of all, it's unlikely that
               | epidemiologists and virologists had no estimates at all,
               | and even if they did, that itself would be newsworthy.
               | Moreover, it's the media's job to dig up these answers.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | Everyone knows about "regulatory capture", the mechanism via
           | which regulators who are supposed to work for the people
           | become captured by the elite few who control the
           | organizations they ostensibly regulate. But what I think most
           | people fail to see is that the ruling class have effectively
           | captured every major institution in the west, possibly the
           | globe. From the academy, to the science industry, the press,
           | government, the courts, everything, all the way down, is
           | completely and utterly captured by a tiny elite.
           | 
           | That anyone, after the past couple years, could think that
           | the elite are in any way well-meaning is absurd--I think the
           | most charitably you could interpret the data is that they are
           | so incompetent they shouldn't be trusted to judge a high
           | school gymnastics competition.
           | 
           | When it comes to the scientific institutions, I think Horton,
           | current editor of The Lancet, sums it up well: "The case
           | against science is straightforward: much of the scientific
           | literature, perhaps half, may simply be untrue. Afflicted by
           | studies with small sample sizes, tiny effects, invalid
           | exploratory analyses, and flagrant conflicts of interest,
           | together with an obsession for pursuing fashionable trends of
           | dubious importance, science has taken a turn towards
           | darkness."
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | What I think GP is hinting at is that low trust in science is
           | part of a general low trust in elites. If you don't trust
           | elites for whatever reason, personally I think it's more
           | complicated than $300 insulin, then you're also not going to
           | trust scientific elites either.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | In what universe are researchers elites and where do I
             | apply for their work visa?
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Elite is not equivalent to rich. In particular their high
               | level of training and education puts them into a special
               | social class that very much makes them elite compared to
               | the rest of society.
        
               | dls2016 wrote:
               | You could replace "elite" with "professional class."
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | Researchers and scientists are absolutely not elites.
               | However, they almost exclusively rely on the ruling class
               | for their funding, for their platforms, for their
               | careers, and thus they become de facto toadies of the
               | elite.
               | 
               | Just go see how well the ruling class is treating the
               | doctors that are actually fighting covid on the front
               | lines, showing it's a treatable ailment, saving lives.
               | Since their perspectives don't align with Team Elite's
               | clear agenda (inject everyone, boosters forever!), they
               | are ridiculed, shamed, relegated to alternative or "low
               | status" press.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > Researchers and scientists are absolutely not elites.
               | However, they almost exclusively rely on the ruling class
               | for their funding, for their platforms, for their
               | careers, and thus they become de facto toadies of the
               | elite.
               | 
               | You're confusing economic class and social class. PhDs
               | might not be rich, but they have a much elevated social
               | status compared to the vast majority of the populace.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | PhDs in general may have a very minor elevation in status
               | compared to other social groups. There are many, many
               | PhDs, many of them working shitty jobs outside their
               | fields. Think outside STEM, wherein generations of poor
               | saps were sold on the professorial life when entering
               | their PhD program but now have their Gender Studies or
               | Literature PhD proudly on their shared apartment wall
               | while they drive bus for the city of Columbus.
        
               | throwaway09223 wrote:
               | Elite doesn't mean wealthy. It means superior, and when
               | we talk about scientific research we're talking about
               | work being done by people with elite training compared to
               | the layman.
               | 
               | This is why we talk about peer review including the
               | scientific community, not the community of all people. It
               | is an elite group with specific skills.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Maybe PhDs or PostDocs are not elites but professors they
               | work for, definitely are elites. If you need work visa
               | you are not in elite category. It is like asking how to
               | apply visa to be senator, governor, member of congress or
               | millionaire entrepreneur and so on.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I would say we shouldn't trust institutions on just the
             | fact that they are an institution (elite, other
             | credentialized thing/person). That people will/should build
             | trust based on demonstratable answers to the questions they
             | have. If it's based on credentialing, then we'll end up
             | with people choosing which credentialed person to
             | believe... and taking veterinarian ivermectin because some
             | figure they trust told them too.
             | 
             | In general, I think questioning (within reason) government
             | and other institutions helps weed out bad policy and hold
             | them accountable.
        
         | thunkshift1 wrote:
         | Dont conflate science with capitalistic empire built on top of
         | it
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | >. Insulin could cost $15 per vial, but they can cost $300.
         | 
         | I guess the lesson here is to educate folk that "science"
         | doesn't set insulin prices?
         | 
         | Is that a widespread belief?
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I think the OP is saying "high modernist science-imitating
           | central planners" when they use the word "science." They're
           | talking about the people who give prions names like
           | "Shawshank Diagnostic and Treatment Center."
        
           | sorry_outta_gas wrote:
           | I mean we can't really spend decades systemtically ruining
           | people's lives then hope they beleive whatever we say about
           | thier health/research can we?
           | 
           | catchphrases like 'trust the science' don't even make sense
           | everyone knows it really means just 'trust who ever is in-
           | charge'
           | 
           | credibility problems all-around
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | >I mean we can't really spend decades systemtically ruining
             | people's lives then hope they beleive whatever we say about
             | thier health/research can we?
             | 
             | I don't really know what that means.
             | 
             | Dude working on COVID research didn't create the medical
             | industry...
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | How do you know you can trust dude working on COVID
               | research? It's impossible for an individual to verify
               | everything.
               | 
               | Trust doesn't scale. If somebody could solve this society
               | would be a lot better off.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I don't know where this idea is going.
               | 
               | If we're talking about people who think of medical prices
               | as part of "science" but apparently also are worried if
               | they can trust a given researcher who happened to be
               | working on COVID?
               | 
               | I don't think any of this is how people actually think /
               | what motivates them.
        
         | drbojingle wrote:
         | If we want to say science is a byproduct of the social system
         | we have in place, then I understand your point. We don't need
         | that system to have science tho. You can practice science
         | yourself. That's kind of the point of it really.
        
           | forgetfulness wrote:
           | > You can practice science yourself
           | 
           | Being a gentleman scientist, back when it was a thing,
           | required you to be a gentleman, that is, rich... and well,
           | usually a man too, but that was how it was back then.
           | 
           | Science needs years of study, training in the use of complex
           | machinery and strict methods, access and being able to
           | understand scientific publications meant for _peers_.
           | 
           | Chances are you're not a peer. With much effort, under the
           | right circumstances, maybe a stroke of luck in your youth,
           | you could aspire to be one of such.
           | 
           | But you probably aren't, and trusting the science means
           | trusting scientific institutions, men and women in white
           | robes delivering what's, at this point in time, accepted as
           | truth.
           | 
           | That's a big responsibility to bear of them, and if there's
           | an erosion of trust in social institutions, then people won't
           | bestow it upon them either.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | (deleted)
        
           | rhema wrote:
           | Yes, fixed. Thank you.
        
         | Dobbs wrote:
         | The insulin issue is purely a broken American issue. It isn't
         | an issue anywhere else that I'm aware of.
        
         | tenuousemphasis wrote:
         | The cause of that problem is capitalism yet people trust that
         | system blindly.
        
           | Rucadi wrote:
           | Do you even know what capitalism is?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jccalhoun wrote:
       | It is a complicated subject. I teach college and I try to include
       | some media literacy. We tell them to be skeptical but then they
       | say "you can't trust the media" but then they believe every
       | stupid conspiracy that confirms their biases and then in papers
       | they cite "google" because they can't be bothered to take the
       | time to figure out where something actually comes from. (This
       | literally happened in one of my classes yesterday.)
        
       | black6 wrote:
       | "...when President Trump proposed drinking bleach as a cure for
       | COVID-19..."
       | 
       | Never. Happened. Disingenuous comments like this are why
       | institutional trust is at an all-time low.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | I do not see why people should reduce trust in
         | CDC/FDA/FTC/USDA/other civil agencies because a writer for a
         | blog or publication makes an error.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Why should people trust what that blog or publication who
           | made an "error" claims that the CDC/FDA/FTC/USDA said?
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I did not imply they should. I would always recommend
             | cutting out as many middlemen as possible, and reading the
             | source material.
        
         | parrellel wrote:
         | When president trump suggested people inject some undefined
         | disinfectant or shine UV lights up into their guts, then.
         | That's more accurate, less of a ring to it of course.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | This is absolutely false. Trump spoke about experimental
           | covid therapeutics that involve shining UV lights inside
           | patients' bodies, and these therapeutics are still
           | purportedly under development and showing promising results
           | to this very day.
           | 
           | "The findings, published in the peer-reviewed journal
           | Advances in Therapy, were based on five days of 20-minute
           | treatments with ultraviolet A (UVA) light using a catheter
           | inserted into the patients' tracheas."
           | 
           | https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/reduced-viral-loads-
           | se...
           | 
           | You have been proven totally wrong. Now, does your media-
           | driven hatred of Trump trump your ability to admit you were
           | wrong, and you've updated your beliefs, and you're ready to
           | move on more educated than you were before you read this
           | comment? If not, you lack the basics to make you able to
           | engage with scientific thought.
        
             | parrellel wrote:
             | I just went back and watched the clip on YouTube again, so,
             | no. No.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | Link?
        
               | parrellel wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/QtgVxGkrX1Y?t=102
               | 
               | I mean, we can all wonder what was going through the
               | man's head, but there you have it.
               | 
               | You can literally watch him come up with the idea all on
               | his own in real time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hnaccount141 wrote:
               | I definitely agree that his comments there were
               | irresponsible and harmful but framing it as him making a
               | suggestion that people try the things he's describing
               | doesn't seem like an accurate representation of what he
               | said.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | So after watching that, you think Trump was NOT speaking
               | off the cuff (during a 2.5 hour press Q&A he was doing
               | daily at that point, versus a very adversarial press),
               | you think he WAS NOT describing the UV therapy I linked
               | to above? He was just making up lies to hurt people?
        
               | parrellel wrote:
               | The problem with that clip is that he was speaking off
               | the cuff, as he tended to do, and he didn't even consider
               | whether or not what he was saying could hurt people. He
               | had the idea "Maybe we could wash people's insides out"
               | and out it came.
               | 
               | I think most people watching that clip wouldn't ascribe
               | malice to him, but it does demonstrate why the man was an
               | incredibly Dangerous person to have as president.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | According to Trump himself, he was "being sarcastic" with
               | those comments.
               | 
               | Maybe he thought a _sarcastic_ reference to ingesting
               | disinfectant would liven up his advanced knowledge of
               | obscure experimental UV therapies?
               | 
               | I'm going with the alternate hypothesis that he was an
               | layman with a very limited grasp of what he'd been told
               | would kill the virus fumbling around trying to find
               | reasons for the public to believe that a cure was
               | imminent. That is _sort of_ his job, and whilst I think
               | most politicians would convey such messages less ineptly,
               | to be honest I have less issue with Trump in this
               | particular instance than the people who actually ingested
               | bleach to own the libs, or continued to insist _even
               | after Trump himself had walked back the remarks by
               | claiming they were [very inappropriate] sarcasm_ that
               | Trump was passing on advanced medical knowledge and the
               | only problem with those remarks was that the media and
               | medical didn 't appreciate them enough.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | Yep this started with last mistakes in the evolution of sciences
       | and moved onto attack something about modern studies and covid...
       | 
       | I'm fairly sure the goalposts moved here somewhat...
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | When people tell me to "trust the science" they are usually
       | trying to convince me to a political point of view. Real
       | scientists don't say that during discussions about science.
       | 
       | "Trust the science" is a dismissive statement intended to
       | terminate discussion/dissent and denigrate the dissenter as a
       | simpleton.
        
         | forgotmypw17 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought-terminating_clich%C3%A...
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=thought+terminating+cliche
        
         | president wrote:
         | In colloquial conversation where most lay people have no
         | scientific background it basically means "trust me, I heard it
         | on TV".
        
       | 650 wrote:
       | For me the 'science' and covid related issue comes down to the
       | major point of risk perception. In the early days, there were
       | videos of people collapsing on the streets in Wuhan, and the
       | disease was thought to be extremely deadly with a CFR of 10%+(1).
       | As the months went by we realized its not really dangerous at all
       | to kids, with death and hospitalization rates extremely tilted
       | towards the elderly and obese.
       | 
       | The main insight I have is that say we found out COVID or one of
       | its variants had a 30%+ death/hospitalization rate as the months
       | went on. I firmly believe more people would get vaccinated due to
       | the obvious severity of it. This current ~1% IFR is at a point
       | such that some think its not deadly enough to warrant the
       | hypocritical restrictions and mandates, and some believe that it
       | is.
       | 
       | Lets say on the other hand that as the months went by, we
       | discovered COVID had a 0.000001% IFR. 1 out of a hundred million
       | people that caught it died. [assume long COVID does not exist].
       | We could see that ~50-100 people would die worldwide. I think
       | most people would call you foolish if given this IFR, had you
       | been calling for continued mass restrictions.
       | 
       | We are at an inflection point such that we have vaccines, we have
       | mandates, we have restrictions, yet some clamour it isn't enough,
       | while others clamour its too much. These all are based around the
       | perceived deadliness, not the true deadliness of COVID.
       | 
       | (1) - I don't recall the exact number
        
       | strangeattractr wrote:
       | 'Trust the science' is something generally said by people trying
       | to get others to abide by their demands. In my experience there's
       | usually nothing scientific behind what they're requesting. I see
       | it said constantly where I live when people question the efficacy
       | of some of the harshest COVID restrictions in the world including
       | 9pm-5am curfews. For some it's as though the utterances of our
       | politicians have become 'The Science' in which we must believe.
        
       | rmah wrote:
       | I think one issue is that many people seem to conflate believing
       | the opposite with being skeptical of the positive. They are not
       | the same thing.
       | 
       | Being skeptical that a vaccine is safe enough for mass use is not
       | the same as believing that a vaccine is not safe enough for mass
       | use.
       | 
       | Being skeptical that climate change is primarily caused by man is
       | not the same as believing that climate change is not caused by
       | man.
       | 
       | Skepticism is fine. Belief in an opposite without evidence is not
       | fine.
        
       | ABS wrote:
       | it's complicated because it's probably moot: we should learn,
       | teach, spread and support "the scientific method" rather than
       | anyone's "science"
        
         | shkkmo wrote:
         | We absolutely must teach science, it is frankly ridiculous to
         | assert that we should only teach the scientific method and
         | assume everything else will follow from that. It has taken
         | millions of people hundreds of years to establish the corpus of
         | scientific knowledge and understanding that knowledge is
         | critical to advancing that knowledge or disproving it.
         | 
         | We could do a better job of teaching the science alongside the
         | history of the process of its discovery and validation and
         | incorporate actually reading scientific papers rather than just
         | textbooks. We can emphasize science as an ongoing process
         | rather than simply a "just so" story, but we absolutely have to
         | teach its results and not just the methodology.
        
           | ABS wrote:
           | I agree! I guess it's a good thing then that I did not write
           | anywhere that we should only teach the scientific method :-)
           | 
           | I made a statement about the argument (and title) of the
           | article we are commenting, it doesn't automatically assert
           | that everything else I'm not mentioning is not
           | important/valid or should not be done at all.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | All this will accomplish is people that wear "I believe in
         | science" shirts will instead wear "I believe in the scientific
         | method" shirts but unless there's an actual behavioral change,
         | all you've done is add a bit more ink to a piece of cotton. The
         | message is good but if it isn't accompanied by an actual
         | behavioral change, it's worthless.
        
         | rmah wrote:
         | When I was a child, we were taught the scientific method
         | multiple times through middle-school and high-school. Is this
         | really no longer the case? I really doubt it is.
        
         | emerongi wrote:
         | Well, at some level you do just need to trust someone's
         | "science", otherwise you can only rely on your own empirical
         | evidence.
        
       | andybak wrote:
       | I'm only a few paragraphs in but I'm already a bit confused by
       | the way the author seems to use "falsifiable" and "falsified"
       | interchangably when it is the former not the latter that is
       | critical to Popper's definition.
       | 
       | What matters is that you make a claim that has the potential to
       | be tested. i.e. there exists an observation that could
       | potentially contradict your claim.
       | 
       | And if this observation arises, the result is that the hypothesis
       | has an opportunity to refine itself and the process continues.
       | 
       | Newtonian mechanics were falsifiable, they were falsified in
       | particular domains (the very small and the very large) and now
       | they have been refined as they are still applicable given certain
       | contraints.
        
       | stevefrench93 wrote:
       | "Trust the Science" is the product of well funded social
       | scientists who leveraged focus groups to determine the phrase
       | effectively targeted people who already align themselves with the
       | myriad of establishment pitch men - Neil Degrasse Tyson, Bill
       | Nye, Trevor Noah, et al. Same as (ironically) "My body, my
       | choice."
       | 
       | "Trust the Science" is merely a proxy for "Believe in and defend
       | the Neoliberal agenda against scientific criticism".
       | 
       | If you're still uncritical of it, you might want to start reading
       | the science.
       | 
       | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-021-00808-7
       | 
       | "At the country-level, there appears to be no discernable
       | relationship between percentage of population fully vaccinated
       | and new COVID-19 cases..."
        
         | thedorkknight wrote:
         | What am I supposed to be critical of, beyond what the authors
         | themselves are saying? Judging by your quote, are you critical
         | of the notion that vaccines slow the spread of covid - great,
         | but I haven't heard that as a main talking point.
         | 
         | "Vaccines don't slow the spread, therefore..." what, exactly?
         | What I've consistently heard since the vaccination campaigns
         | started was that they reduce your chance of severe illness,
         | hospitalization, and post-covid syndrome. Which is still
         | absolutely true, in spite of the fact that (as the authors
         | note) this effect has waned with the Delta wave. So, so what?
         | 
         | I've been listening to the "this week in Virology" podcast,
         | along with Dr. John Campbell on YouTube, since Feb 2020. The
         | difference between what I hear from the actual professionals
         | and what I'm told by people online who use phrases like
         | "Neoliberal agenda" that the professionals say is striking to
         | the point that I wonder if those people are even bothering to
         | listen to science communicators before making straw-man
         | fallacies.
        
           | xkbarkar wrote:
           | It becomes even more apparent when you live in a small
           | society.
           | 
           | Covid numbers presented in US for example are based on an
           | endless set of definitions and interpretations. Dr a in state
           | b may not use the same parameters as Dr c in state d to
           | define a covid death or vaccine damage.
           | 
           | In a minuscule society full of obese people with a high
           | percentege of a frail elderly population, such as Iceland,
           | feel the actual result no matter what nature.com or
           | timesofisrael state.
           | 
           | Our high vaccination rate drove down hospitalizations from 5%
           | of the infected to about 2% ehich is where we are as of
           | today.
           | 
           | We have an extremely obese population in Iceland I might add.
           | This is crucial for covid-19 development.
           | 
           | Apologies for using an icelandic website, it is an article
           | from today citing the state epidemiologist in Iceland
           | 
           | https://www.visir.is/g/20212169078d/skipti-gridarlegu-
           | mali-a...
           | 
           | "Tilfelli a hverjum degi seu enn 20-60 og af theim leggist
           | tvo prosent inn a spitala.".
           | 
           | translation 20-60 cases per day. 2% of them are hospitalized.
           | 
           | Our immunization rate is 88% of all age 12 and up.
           | 
           | https://www.covid.is/tolulegar-upplysingar-boluefni.
        
         | pedrosorio wrote:
         | > Across the US counties too, the median new COVID-19 cases per
         | 100,000 people in the last 7 days is largely similar across the
         | categories of percent population fully vaccinated (Fig. 2)
         | 
         | Am I looking at the wrong graph? There is a clear downward
         | trend from 35-40% to the 70%+ categories.
         | 
         | I am not sure why looking at the median county is better than
         | just grouping all the counties in each category and looking at
         | the cases per 100k, but looking at the latter (which the
         | authors provide as a link [0]), and the latest available date
         | (7 day period ending October 8th) the number of cases per 100k
         | is 110 in the 70%+ group of counties, and it's 220+ for any
         | group of counties with less than 55% vaccination rate.
         | 
         | Having twice as many cases per capita (ignoring all the other
         | factors on how densely populated the counties with higher
         | vaccination rates are, etc.) for every county under 50%
         | vaccination rate compared to the ones with 70%+ vaccination
         | rate is "largely similar"?
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZGE1NDBmZTctYWUyZi00N...
         | 
         | EDIT: Also of relevance, is the fact that the country data is
         | from September 3rd, when Israel was at the peak of cases with
         | the delta variant. Israel is far from having vaccinated a large
         | enough fraction of the population to achieve "herd immunity"
         | (just 63% fully vaccinated, Portugal has 86% for example) [1].
         | Another confounding factor is that Israel was one of the first
         | countries to vaccinate a large number of people, which means
         | the effectiveness of the vaccine is now declining compared to
         | countries that vaccinated later. They have administered booster
         | shots to vulnerable populations [2] and the rates of covid
         | infections have (as expected) dropped precipitously.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-
         | vaccina...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.timesofisrael.com/top-virologist-says-delta-
         | defe...
        
       | lanevorockz wrote:
       | Trust the Science is so silly that it shows the ignorance of
       | those that speak it. Science by definition is an ever changing
       | and refining process and the very process of studying is
       | challenging settled science. Once, Einstein was called a lunatic,
       | so was Hawking, so was ... Insert your favourite scientist here.
        
       | carlgreene wrote:
       | Science is a process and is skeptical by its nature.
       | 
       | "Science" isn't some belief you hold.
        
         | Supermancho wrote:
         | I respectfully disagree. The process is steeped in the belief
         | that it will give you answers you can accept. It doesn't
         | always, but there is a belief that it will eventually lead to a
         | truth regardless.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | What means "acceptance"? Scientific method if followed
           | correctly should over a long period of time help you make
           | better decisions. The answers you obtain could never be
           | absolute, as a human you are always prone to failure of
           | interpreting something wrongly. And the answer you find may
           | not necessarily be correct, but just the best/most accurate
           | at the time and completely wrong at the same time.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nobody9999 wrote:
           | >I respectfully disagree. The process is steeped in the
           | belief that it will give you answers you can accept. It
           | doesn't always, but there is a belief that it will eventually
           | lead to a truth regardless.
           | 
           | That's a reasonable position. For myself, I'd modify that
           | statement to read:                  The process is steeped in
           | an understanding that the         scientific method will give
           | you results that inform         us whether as to whether the
           | theories and         hypotheses that we use to describe the
           | universe do         so better than others.        And there
           | is a belief that such processes will         eventually lead
           | to a more precise description of         the universe and its
           | workings.
           | 
           | I modified your statement, not because it's wrong, per se,
           | but rather because of its imprecision. Experiment allows us
           | to describe the universe with more precision, leading to
           | greater understanding, not "truth," which implies an
           | absolute. And science doesn't deal with absolutes, it deals
           | with data, and the theories (in the scientific sense) that
           | best fit that data.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | I can't say I wholly agree, although I support the motive.
             | Using the word "understanding" where I think "belief" is a
             | more accurate term is wordplay to maintain a specific
             | worldview. "results" and "better" seemingly avoid
             | precision.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >I can't say I wholly agree, although I support the
               | motive. Using the word "understanding" where I think
               | "belief" is a more accurate term is wordplay to maintain
               | a specific worldview. "results" and "better" seemingly
               | avoid precision.
               | 
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | I am uncertain as to which "specific worldview" you think
               | I wish to maintain. If you'd expand on that, It would be
               | appreciated.
        
           | smegcicle wrote:
           | Science produces models which can be used to view and predict
           | the world in different ways. The idea that models can
           | represent 'truth' in an absolute way is anti-science, and
           | anti-reality.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | _L'science, c'est moi_ (Fauci)
       | 
       | Fauci has done more damage to "science" than any 100 religious
       | authorities ever did. The above quote is pretty much what he said
       | when he claimed people criticizing him are criticizing science.
       | 
       | One of the most important things for a scientist to say in public
       | is "Just look at what I wrote; I'm not important."
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | Of course it is...
       | 
       | All fields of science have dogma's. It's the very reason why
       | science progresses one funeral at the time....
       | 
       | Also, no living soul has time to read all the papers that are
       | pooped out by all the worlds scientists, so the shortcut is to
       | fall back on "people in the known" AKA you can pick whom you want
       | to believe. Of course a rational person will say he picked a
       | source because trustworthiness, not because he or she _liked_
       | that person...
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | There are plenty of 'shortcuts' in between reading all possible
         | papers and picking at random who to trust. E.g. reading only
         | Meta-Analyses of RCTs or reading some and picking your experts
         | based on those who also agree with what youve confirmed or
         | looking at past record etc.
        
       | incrudible wrote:
       | "Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts"
       | 
       | ~ Richard Feynman
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | As a matter of fact, I can also define science another way:
         | Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts.
         | 
         | When someone says, "Science teaches such and such," he is using
         | the word incorrectly. Science doesn't teach anything;
         | experience teaches it. If they say to you, "Science has shown
         | such and such," you might ask, "How does science show it? How
         | did the scientists find out? How? What? Where?"
         | 
         | It should not be "science has shown" but "this experiment, this
         | effect, has shown." And you have as much right as anyone else,
         | upon hearing about the experiments-but be patient and listen to
         | all the evidence-to judge whether a sensible conclusion has
         | been arrived at.
         | 
         | http://www.feynman.com/science/what-is-science/
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mswtk wrote:
       | Fundamentally, a lot of knowledge we possess as individuals is
       | socially constructed, in the sense that we trust the process and
       | the institutions that created it. Even if this knowledge can, in
       | principle, be verified, it is usually impractical for an
       | individual to do so.
       | 
       | Putting science aside, how can I be confident that the basic
       | facts presented in, say, a NYT article, are correct? I can trust
       | the reputation of the NYT as an institution, and I can also trust
       | that any inaccuracies in the article will be called out by other
       | publications. But if I feel everyone's in on a conspiracy to push
       | a particular viewpoint, then I need to anchor my knowledge in a
       | different institutional framework - even if that might just be a
       | random Facebook group of strangers, or my weird uncle, or a niche
       | radio station.
       | 
       | This, incidentally, is why the censorious push against
       | "disinformation" is misguided in principle. It's sweeping the
       | underlying problems under the rug in the hope that they disappear
       | spontaneously. In an open society, truth can only be established
       | as a result of public discourse, anything else is just the
       | representation of the perspective and interests of some
       | authority. Whatever its source, the seemingly growing distrust in
       | public institutions will not disappear simply because we make
       | social media companies remove its most obvious symptoms.
        
         | forgotmypw17 wrote:
         | I think the problem you describe-- of being unsure of the
         | origins and level of distortion of one's information on its
         | journey between "reality" and "perception" is an old problem,
         | which is rather quickly being solved by transparent technology.
         | 
         | It used to be that you had to trust the institution, because
         | they were the best suited and capable to verify and validate
         | the data and the individuals. Trust problems were both not
         | publicized widely, and also did not have any obvious solutions.
         | 
         | Today, we are technically capable of validating and verifying
         | the entire chain of custody or traversal for any given piece of
         | information, and the only thing missing is the infrastructure
         | to do so. On the other hand, if an institution demonstrates
         | untrustworthiness, it is difficult to conceal.
         | 
         | I think that, more and more, we will demand to see the entire
         | chain of creation and origin for a piece of information, and
         | either validate it ourselves, or delegate that validation to a
         | party we personally trust. That validation can then itself be
         | validated with reputation.
         | 
         | Imagine, for a minute, if an article came with a list of all
         | the writers, contributors, scientists, interviewees, editors,
         | etc., who contributed to the article. And not only that,
         | imagine you can see the entire social graph between you and
         | those people. That is what the future looks like, IMO.
        
       | bally0241 wrote:
       | Science isn't based on trust. It's based on evidence. You may
       | "trust" that someone's results are what they say they are, but
       | they must be reproducible and independently verifiable. If they
       | aren't then its bunk.
        
         | goto11 wrote:
         | That would mean you ultimately have to _personally_ reproduce
         | the results under controlled conditions before you can trust
         | anything. This is just not realistically possible for anybody,
         | so in reality you have to trust somebody.
        
           | bally0241 wrote:
           | I did not say there was a need to personally verify the
           | results of every experiment. Merely pointing out that the
           | scientific process is not based on trust, but evidence. I
           | would not believe a claim made by a single experimenter/group
           | unless independent evidence corroborates it. Neither should
           | you. Look up the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment, or
           | pentaquarks.
        
             | emerongi wrote:
             | You are still putting trust into the fact that the
             | groups/experimenters are actually independent. Unless you
             | have personally verified every experiment, you are still
             | putting trust into the fact that others have done the work
             | as they claim. What you are doing is being _pragmatic_
             | about your trust. You have a level of trust that is
             | acceptable.
             | 
             | The reality is that we all are trusting "science" to one
             | degree or another. I absolutely agree that all experiments
             | should be repeatable and independently verifiable, but in
             | the real world science (in my opinion) very much depends on
             | trust. We don't all have time to verify every experiment.
        
               | bally0241 wrote:
               | Separate experimenters making claims to the same results
               | is in itself a form of evidence. Believing otherwise
               | requires either the existence a common error or a
               | conspiracy.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > Believing otherwise requires either the existence a
               | common error or a conspiracy.
               | 
               | Both of which are common.
        
             | goto11 wrote:
             | Yeah but how do you then know the "independent scientists"
             | actually reproduced the results and didn't just make it up?
             | In the end it comes down to trust in the process and the
             | community.
        
               | bally0241 wrote:
               | You don't. Case in point the drift in measured values of
               | the fundamental charge of the electron over time starting
               | with Millikan. However, given enough independent evidence
               | you can conclude whether or not the results of a
               | measurement are more likely than not.
        
         | Ginden wrote:
         | Even if your results are reproducible and independently
         | verifiable, these results are open to interpretion.
         | 
         | Will you publish "X is associated with Y", or "we observed weak
         | correlation between X and Y in self-selected subgroups from
         | already self-selected population"?
         | 
         | Unfortunely, first approach dominates observational studies.
        
         | dexwiz wrote:
         | Have you ever seen an atom? Have you ever had access to a
         | Scanning Electron Microscope or equivalently advanced machinery
         | to observe one? If not, you have had to put at least some level
         | of faith in that they do exist.
        
           | sorry_outta_gas wrote:
           | that sounds more like religion to me, also people should have
           | access to hacker spaces with electron microscopes the fact
           | most don't is a failure
        
           | bally0241 wrote:
           | No, I have not "seen" an atom. However, I have done
           | experiments in a lab which have produced results which are
           | consistent with atomic theory. There is no need to have faith
           | in the cartoon model of an atom. All that matters is that the
           | theory can be used to make predictions which can then be
           | verified by experiment. The underlying "objective" nature of
           | reality is immaterial.
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | I trust people who claim X, then let me come and test every
           | bit of X myself to see that it is correct, and then I go and
           | test a few bits of X and see that the tests work, and
           | everyone I know who did the same on different parts also got
           | results agreeing with X.
           | 
           | It is perfectly rational to believe X in this scenario even
           | if I didn't test all of it myself.
           | 
           | I don't trust people who claim Y, get angry whenever I try to
           | test any part of Y, the few things I test about Y aren't
           | true, the people I know who tested other things about Y also
           | saw that they weren't true.
           | 
           | It is perfectly rational to assume that Y is just nonsense in
           | this scenario even if I didn't test all of it myself.
        
       | RattleyCooper wrote:
       | Trusting science == faith. I'm pretty sure that's antithetical to
       | real science.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Maybe it should be:
       | 
       | "Trust the scientific method."
       | 
       | You come up with an idea, TEST, see if it works, evaluate and so
       | on. That tends to work out a great deal and has provided humanity
       | with a lot of great things / protections we don't have to worry
       | about / progress.
       | 
       | It doesn't mean the outcomes are always optimal, but they're
       | better than every other option if you keep at the process.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zaik wrote:
         | That sounds nice but doesn't help me when deciding things like
         | "should I get the COVID vaccine?" or "should I support action
         | against climate change?". I do not have the time, knowledge and
         | tools to answer such questions by doing experiments.
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | >You come up with an idea, TEST, see if it works, evaluate and
         | so on.
         | 
         | Sadly it's not so simple as most 'tests', papers etc. are crap
         | even if they look reasonable on first glance.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | And yet somehow progress is made.
           | 
           | I don't think the gist of your statement makes much sense.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | Is progress really made in the social sciences? Any
             | evidence for that? Lets say within the past 20 years.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I thought the topic was more ... science science (i'm not
               | sure how to say that) and not in the social sciences.
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | I'd say the replication crisis on its own has brought a
               | lot of progress at least if you count disproving the
               | existence of many effects that were accepted 20 years
               | ago. Similarly, some effects have replicated under more
               | rigorous experiments (even if typically with low effect
               | sizes) giving us more confidence they are real.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Has the field actually acknowledged the replication
               | crisis and made efforts to fix it for the future? If not
               | the field didn't progress at all, it was just sceptic
               | outsiders who learned something about the field not the
               | people who "trust the science".
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | There are holdouts but yes, it's well acknowledged and
               | there are many trying to battle it (e.g. with better
               | designs, pre-registrations etc.) The replications are
               | mostly conducted by other insiders in the first place,
               | it's hardly just outsiders pointing it out.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Ok, so if it turns out well we can maybe start trusting
               | the social sciences that properly reformed in a few
               | decades or so when they have rooted out most problems.
               | But as of now I am still sceptical of those fields.
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | 'Trusting the Science' isn't a discussion on how to drive
             | progress as a researcher but how to evaluate it as an
             | outsider.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | The outcome of trusting that the scientific method has
               | worked and works is relevant.
        
               | Viliam1234 wrote:
               | A part of the scientific method is trying to replicate
               | studies... which is essentially an expression of
               | _distrust_.
        
       | CWuestefeld wrote:
       | It seems to me that the biggest problem today isn't
       | misunderstanding science, but _misapplying_ science. Folks seem
       | to come up with formulations like  "science says that X causes Y,
       | and thus we must do Z". Regardless of what you might fill into
       | those letters, the statement is a fallacy.
       | 
       | Anyone who believes that policy can directly flow from science is
       | mistaken.
       | 
       | It's the job of science to make predictions: if these
       | circumstances occur, we can expect the outcome to look like that.
       | But this says nothing - _can_ say nothing - in judgment of how
       | good or bad that outcome is.
       | 
       | To create policy, we must weigh the costs and benefits of the
       | various expected outcomes. That's not a scientific exercise, it
       | flows only from our values as individuals and as a society.
       | 
       | So if you're interesting in bringing about a particular policy,
       | or forestalling a different one, the way to do this is by making
       | your case for relative values of the outcomes that science
       | predicts - not to hoodwink people into believing something other
       | than what the science predicts.
       | 
       | Examples of such misapplication:
       | 
       | * Science shows that the climate is changing, caused by human
       | action, such that in 50 years, some coastal cities will have
       | ground level below high tide. Therefore we must do everything
       | possible to limit CO2 emissions.
       | 
       | * Science says that after (whatever) weeks gestation, a human
       | baby could be viable outside the womb. Therefore we must forbid
       | abortions after that term.
       | 
       | In both these examples, a value judgment is being smuggled in
       | that imposes unacknowledged values into the situation. Those
       | values have nothing to do with science, and so the conclusion is
       | a-scientific.
       | 
       | (That's not to say that either of the conclusions is wrong given
       | some values, including possibly the prevailing cultural values.
       | But assuming that is so is certainly anti-scientific.)
        
         | apatters wrote:
         | We need to get away from the idea of "the Science" altogether
         | because it's an incomplete abstraction and prone to corruption.
         | 
         | What is valuable are specific principles like dedeuctive
         | reasoning and the scientific method, upon which we've built our
         | greatest achievements as a species.
         | 
         | Trusting "the Science" without understanding what that really
         | means is basically just another form of religion, complete with
         | its own priesthood and people who demand that whatever the
         | priests say must be taken on faith because it's moral and good.
         | 
         | Philosophers have observed that this blind belief in "the
         | Science" is actually worse than belief in religion. Because
         | while religion roots its authority in the divine (which either
         | doesn't exist or chooses not to get directly involved), the
         | church of Science roots its authority in men. Men declare a
         | truth and a morality based on what they claim to be scientific,
         | then go on to commit atrocities they rationalize from it. The
         | greatest mass murderers in history were atheists like Stalin
         | and Mao. They were the little gods of their own secular
         | personality cults and they committed genocide on a scale that
         | had never before been seen.
        
       | stonemetal12 wrote:
       | You mean all that p-hacked, mostly unreproducible pile of dreck
       | that gets published these days? Yeah, trust isn't complicated it
       | is the wrong thing to do. But mistrusting the science doesn't
       | mean turning to the snake oil salesmen.
        
         | zaik wrote:
         | > But mistrusting the science doesn't mean turning to the snake
         | oil salesmen.
         | 
         | Unfortunately those who 'mistrust science' usually do. Snake
         | oil salesmen will sound trustworthy to them, because they also
         | 'mistrust the science' (which happens to disagree about the
         | usefulness of the product/opinion they are offering).
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | Policy, particularly things like Public Health Policy, is not the
       | same thing as Science.
       | 
       | Trusting the Science means something completely different in the
       | domain of socializing information.
        
       | JALTU wrote:
       | I'm paraphrasing, but a scientist on a podcast said something
       | like, "Science is not about so-called 'facts' as much as it is
       | about reducing the uncertainty of a hypothesis enough that you
       | have a working model."
       | 
       | ^This takes work, complicated work. And then humans, being human,
       | can muck up the interpretation. And so on...
        
       | marginalia_nu wrote:
       | Skepticism is the driving engine behind science. It works well so
       | long as people keep asking questions until they get satisfactory
       | answers. Science is anti-fragile. The harder you attack it, the
       | sturdier it becomes. So this is fine.
       | 
       | The only time it really stops working is if people start treating
       | it as doctrine, and demanding that you accept it on faith, and
       | take any questions as evidence that you are an enemy of science.
       | If anything destroys science, it is this line of reasoning.
       | 
       | Skepticism does not require a degree or a license from the
       | government. The only intellectually honest thing is to admit to
       | yourself that you do not know until you are convinced otherwise.
       | Whether other people say they are convinced is honestly quite
       | irrelevant.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | "The seeker after truth is not one who studies the writings of
         | the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his
         | trust in them," the first scientist wrote, "but rather the one
         | who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers
         | from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration
         | and not the sayings of human beings whose nature is fraught
         | with all kinds of imperfection and deficiency. Thus the duty of
         | the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if
         | learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of
         | all that he reads, and, applying his mind to the core and
         | margins of of its content, attack it from every side. he should
         | also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of
         | it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or
         | leniency." -- Ibn al-Haytham
        
         | cronix wrote:
         | > The only time it really stops working is if people start
         | treating it as doctrine, and demanding that you accept it on
         | faith, and take any questions as evidence that you are an enemy
         | of science. If anything destroys science, it is this line of
         | reasoning.
         | 
         | I wonder where we'd be today in science/physics if the Catholic
         | Church ( _the_ authority of the day) was successful in stopping
         | Galileo Galilei, in 1615, from  "spreading
         | misinformation/disinformation" that the Earth circled the sun,
         | and pushing back against the prevailing "science" of the day.
         | 
         | If he were alive in 2021 and pushing something that went
         | against "current wisdom," of that magnitude, he would be banned
         | from media, ridiculed, and cancelled.
         | 
         | It was a lesson I had thought the West had learned. It appears
         | not. Censor and treat science as a religion at your (our) own
         | peril.
        
           | plokiju wrote:
           | > If he were alive in 2021 and pushing something that went
           | against "current wisdom," of that magnitude, he would be
           | banned from media, ridiculed, and cancelled.
           | 
           | The problem is, for every Galileo who is thinking against the
           | mainstream understanding and right, there are millions of
           | others who are outside the mainstream and wrong.
           | 
           | I don't see how any society could function if it didn't have
           | a strict anti-bullshit filter, even if it may accidentally
           | filter out geniuses who are ahead of their time.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | What's wrong with being wrong? If we are to be honest with
             | ourselves, we must admit that we are wrong about things,
             | each and every one of us. We may be right about some
             | things, but even those are for the most part incomplete
             | truths.
        
               | plokiju wrote:
               | It's ok to be wrong. But you should also expect that you
               | may be ridiculed or ignored sometimes if your theories
               | aren't conventional
               | 
               | Basically, I don't think the BBC refusing to give time to
               | flat earth era is cancel culture. Even if there's a non-
               | zero chance they were right all along
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | Are the content teams at FAANG ridiculing and ignoring
               | the people they consider to be wrong? Or are they going
               | out of their way to censor perfectly legal and possibly
               | correct things they just don't like using an ever
               | changing and intentionally ambiguous terms of service to
               | do so?
               | 
               | > Basically, I don't think the BBC refusing to give time
               | to flat earth era is cancel culture
               | 
               | No one is making that argument. Talk about a Wuhan lab
               | leak and see if it doesn't get a lot harder to speak from
               | your position.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Do you have specific knowledge of a Wuhan lab leak? Are
               | your arguments regarding a lab leak reasonable? Will you
               | cease making your argument if it is not supported?
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | >> Even if there's a non-zero chance they were right all
               | along
               | 
               | What does a non-zero chance that the Earth is flat look
               | like? That we live in a simulation fooling us into
               | thinking the empirical evidence is spherical? The
               | evidence is overwhelming. There's not really any chance
               | for it being correct, short of some odd metaphysics being
               | the case.
               | 
               | Scientifically speaking, it's 100% wrong. Some beliefs
               | are simply at odds with the vast empirical data, and can
               | only be right if something else is producing false
               | empirical results.
        
             | pandaman wrote:
             | It's not a problem at all. For example, people do mistakes
             | in calculations all the time but since Math is not faith
             | and/or consensus based nobody flies off the handle and runs
             | a public ostracism campaign on them. You think Bloomberg
             | spent 500M on his campaign so he spent more than if he had
             | given 1M to every citizen of the US? You just look like a
             | fool but there are not going to be 1000 Math professors
             | signing letters to excommunicate you and your bank accounts
             | are not going to be shut down and you still keep your job
             | in New York Times.
             | 
             | If you feel that your science won't stand without harassing
             | heretics, perhaps it is the problem with the soundness of
             | your science and not the folly of the heretics?
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | What happens when there are 10 million citizens demanding
               | their million dollars, who won't take "but that's not how
               | math works" for an answer?
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | They don't get their million dollars.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | And then we call out the National Guard to put an
               | exclamation point at the end of that sentence.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | I am a bit late to your train of thought so it seems to
               | have left the station without me. Are you saying we solve
               | mathematical problems with the National Guard? Correct
               | grammar with it? I honestly cannot understand what are
               | you trying to say here.
        
             | cronix wrote:
             | > I don't see how any society could function if it didn't
             | have a strict anti-bullshit filter
             | 
             | I don't see how science can ultimately function if you
             | aren't allowed to push back and legitimately question
             | things. All things. How many times have we, years or
             | hundreds or thousands of years later, come back and
             | disproved something that was a "scientifically proven"
             | thing in the past? How would you accomplish that if you
             | aren't allowed to talk about it? Relatively few things in
             | science are actually indisputable, and I question even
             | that. Some things that we think are indisputable today we
             | might laugh at a thousand years from now, just like we
             | laugh at some of the primitive thoughts our ancestors had,
             | but were cutting edge for the day. Science is the pursuit
             | of truth through rigorous testing and pushback. Eventually,
             | if proven enough times, we call it a law. You have to be
             | open to being completely wrong to actually obtain that
             | level. Free speech is paramount to science, as well as
             | society.
             | 
             | Society, as a whole, has worked fairly well without
             | "bullshit filters." It's when you start putting them on
             | that you start having issues, and often in areas that you
             | didn't anticipate, because at that point you're acting on a
             | belief and not a fact.
             | 
             | I highly recommend reading Carl Sagan's The Demon-Haunted
             | World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Here's an interview
             | to give a preview:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JpQFVXGzUI
        
               | plokiju wrote:
               | > Society, as a whole, has worked fairly well without
               | "bullshit filters." It's when you start putting them on
               | that you start having issues
               | 
               | When has society ever not had bullshit filters?
               | Intellectual debate goes both ways. The more your ideas
               | go outside of the mainstream understanding of your peers,
               | the more push back, ridiculing, and "cancelation" you
               | will likely be subjected to by the scientific community
               | 
               | Very few geniuses are appreciated until after their
               | death. scientific consensus takes time
        
               | cronix wrote:
               | > When has society ever not had bullshit filters?
               | 
               | I absolutely accept "I don't have to listen to you" as a
               | bs filter. "That guy's nuts, I don't believe a thing he's
               | saying." I don't accept "we won't allow others to listen
               | to you question things" as a filter.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | What about "we don't think we will publish that"?
        
               | cronix wrote:
               | Sounds good on face. Do Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, and
               | other platforms that dominate the planet in
               | information/thought exchange, consider themselves
               | publishers?
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _I don 't see how science can ultimately function if
               | you aren't allowed to push back and legitimately question
               | things._"
               | 
               | Can you demonstrate an understanding of the things you
               | are questioning? Do you have reasonable arguments to
               | support your questions? And most importantly, are you
               | doing your questioning in good faith?
        
               | dolni wrote:
               | > And most importantly, are you doing your questioning in
               | good faith?
               | 
               | Worrying about "good faith" is a pointless waste of time.
               | You don't know, and can't know with certainty, whether a
               | question is in good faith. Your assessment of good faith
               | is based on feelings and those don't have a scientific
               | basis. If you reject or criticize a question on the basis
               | of an actor's "good faith", then that actually makes you
               | the one who is unscientific.
               | 
               | But the great thing about this is that this doesn't even
               | matter. Bullshit questions will be easily refutable. And
               | if they're not, it's because those doing the science
               | haven't done a thorough enough job yet.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _[Tobacco smoking] has been a major health problem for
               | many decades. For the entire 20th century it is estimated
               | that around 100 million people died prematurely because
               | of smoking, most of them in rich countries._ "
               | (https://ourworldindata.org/smoking)
        
             | rabuse wrote:
             | The world is a constant battle of rights and wrongs.
             | Getting something wrong, is a major part in arriving to
             | something right. Now society wants to shun, filter, and
             | cancel all the "wrongs", which removes skepticism of the
             | popular "rights".
        
               | plokiju wrote:
               | What is the scientific process if not an attempt to
               | filter and "cancel" wrong ideas, and propagate the right
               | ones?
               | 
               | Ideas will be attacked relentlessly by society until
               | proven useful. That's how it all works
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Just to point that the prevailing science of the day was
           | completely divided between Earth and Heliocentrism, and the
           | Church supported research of both sides.
           | 
           | The Galileo story is a very nice tale of what happens when
           | you mix science and politics.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | ecshafer wrote:
           | We would be exactly where we are since Galileo didn't do that
           | much to prove the heliocentric model.
           | 
           | Galileo also wasn't jailed for the heliocentric model,
           | Galileo was jailed for writing a book, where The Pope was the
           | stand in character for an idiot, overtly. And while we are
           | more liberal, at the time insulting the pope in published
           | material, in Italy, was a rather poor choice.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Yep. Galileo got himself into trouble not for his work on
             | heliocentricity, but for publicly attacking an authority
             | figure in the church.
             | 
             | It's interesting to see how we today project our
             | science/fundamentalism schism onto culture of the past,
             | when in reality, there wasn't that much of a dichotomy
             | before the Scopes trial in the 1930s.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Not being snarky, but it started with Aristarchus (his
           | parallax work) and Ptolemy (the other one), so I'm pretty
           | sure it would have continued in countries that weren't under
           | Catholic oppression of science. Persia was pretty much the
           | engine of science while Europe languished.
           | 
           | To say this would not have progressed is to ignore the
           | important work of non-European scientists.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Science actually progressed in Europe as well during the
             | supposed dark ages. The whole notion that science just laid
             | dormant between the fall of Rome and the renaissance is
             | enlightenment-era propaganda that unfortunately has become
             | part of the western cultural narrative.
             | 
             | Ironically the notion of a Muslim golden age of free
             | thought and science followed by a long dark age of no
             | progress and oppression is also largely imagined.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | Correct. Which is why I said "languished", in comparison
               | to what immediately followed with the Age of Enlightment,
               | and what came before it, in Greece and the early Roman
               | empire.
               | 
               | It also is a bit of a misnomer to blame it all on
               | religion, it was mostly just an assload of war.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | Only if the "skeptic" is acting in good faith.
         | 
         | Consider the skepticism regarding the health effects of smoking
         | cigarettes.
        
         | cletus wrote:
         | I understand what you're saying but skepticism is also a tool
         | for manipulation.
         | 
         | We now have a significant number of people who are rejecting
         | the Covid vaccine because they're "skeptical" or "waiting for
         | the evidence" or, the worst, they've "done their own research".
         | 
         | Hint: some random guy talking about this in his basement and
         | putting the video up on YouTube is not "research".
         | 
         | The fact of the matter is that we simply can't be skeptical
         | about everything and research everything. It's physically
         | impossible. It's why we delegate authority to people and
         | institutions who do actual research and have credibility. It's
         | why I listen to the CDC about diseases and CERN when it comes
         | to physics.
         | 
         | "Skepticism" these days is often a euphemism for confirmation
         | bias.
        
           | JoshuaDavid wrote:
           | It's when those institutions lose credibility that things
           | fall apart. If CERN came out with a press release tomorrow
           | that said that actually the theory of relativity was wrong
           | and the universe operates by newtonian mechanics, I would not
           | only doubt that press release, but also everything else CERN
           | put out recently. If a certain group started calling anyone
           | who asked questions like "well how are GPS satellites so
           | accurate" and "why does Mercury's orbit precess instead of
           | being a perfect ellipse" was called a "science denier", well
           | I would start doubting the credibility of that group.
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | How should we counter coordinated unauthentic or disingenuous
         | skepticism? I think everyone welcomes authentic concern, but
         | what we're seeing with anti-vax/anti-mask/anti-science itself
         | is something else completely.
        
           | rabuse wrote:
           | Who's welcoming authentic concern? The media, who labels
           | parents as "domestic terrorists" for concerns over a mandate
           | that may have detrimental social effects of their children
           | down the line?
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | They reason they are thriving is this doctrinal view of
           | science where anything that gets published is holy gospel.
           | 
           | It opens up for these fringe movements is to present
           | themselves as scientific, since they too have papers they can
           | point to, and arguments that mirror the form of the
           | scientific establishment.
           | 
           | The way to beat them is to be very clear about the
           | limitations of science, and stop trying to misrepresent it as
           | having a larger degree of certainty than it has. Science is
           | demonstrably wrong sometimes, especially early research like
           | the stuff that was circulating in the beginning of the
           | C19-pandemic, and to make matters worse, a large part of
           | science is dedicated to identifying instances where science
           | is wrong.
           | 
           | That clashes with the official message is "trust the science"
           | and makes devastating ammunition for undermining its
           | credibility, especially nowadays when it is very easy to go
           | back and check what claims were made in the past against
           | which claims are made today.
        
             | dolni wrote:
             | I wish we would stop talking about science as a singular
             | authority. Science is what you get if you follow the
             | scientific method.
             | 
             | The scientific method is practiced by imperfect people with
             | biases and external motivators. That is why thorough peer
             | review is required (and sadly lacking).
        
             | jrm4 wrote:
             | Correct.
             | 
             | Look, I didn't get vaccinated because I was _told_ to by
             | pharmaceutical companies. Those shady bastards are on TV
             | all the time selling stuff that seems super sketchy.
             | 
             | ALSO, I didn't get vaccinated because I was _told_ to by
             | doctors; I 've had enough experiences with them getting
             | things wrong in what they tell you to do.
             | 
             | I got vaccinated because doctors and health professionals
             | THEMSELVES got vaccinated without hesitation. Was lucky
             | enough to see a good friend, a quasi-famous black doctor,
             | get the jab on TV, which sealed it pretty quickly for me.
        
               | pauldenton wrote:
               | Why are there mass firings of nurses for refusing to get
               | the shot?
        
               | bprieto wrote:
               | Because there is a debate about the degree of immunity
               | that you get after being ill with COVID-19. And many
               | healthcare workers that have been exposed to the virus
               | have been ill, have high levels of antibodies and they
               | don't think that the vaccine is necessary or beneficial
               | for them.
               | 
               | But right now you must be in one of the two fields: you
               | are either an anti-vaxxer or you believe in science and
               | will do everything your government says. There are no
               | room for rational discussion about important issues
               | anymore. You just choose your team and fight for it till
               | death.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Why are there mass firings of nurses for refusing to
               | get the shot?
               | 
               | AFAICT, there aren't. Very small numbers have left
               | (permanently or temporarily) jobs for that reason,
               | whether fired, quit, or suspended. On the order of
               | hundreds out of ~17 million health care workers covered
               | by mandates.
               | 
               | Lots of political opponents have pointed to mass firings
               | as hypothetical future consequences of mandate policies,
               | and then reacted as if these hypothetical future outcomes
               | were present reality.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > On the order of hundreds out of ~17 million health care
               | workers covered by mandates.
               | 
               | There are 17 million employees in the healthcare industry
               | as a whole, but so far it's a handful of healthcare
               | systems that have announced this firing policy, primarily
               | (but not exclusively) in NY and California, and an even
               | smaller subset has actually gone through with firing
               | people. Of course, even 1% of 17 million healthcare
               | workers is 170,000 people, and even if 95% are
               | vaccinated, that's still 8,500 people to be fired. And
               | 95% is optimistic.
               | 
               | As to the claim that only hundreds have been fired, I'm
               | not sure where you are getting your data. One healthcare
               | provider in NY fired 1400 people[1]. 87% of New York's
               | hospital workers are vaccinated and 64% of New York's
               | general population are vaccinated.
               | 
               | So if the providers in extremely blue areas are faced
               | with firing 13% of their healthcare workers, I'm a little
               | skeptical that only hundreds will be fired, or that this
               | is even a workable plan. But who knows, I don't think
               | anyone has the full count for the nation at the moment.
               | If you didn't just make it up, then please do share your
               | source. More facts and less speculation are needed when
               | discussing this issue.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.axios.com/new-york-northwell-health-
               | vaccine-mand...
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | "Vaccine Mandates Lead to Mass Firings and Mass Walkouts
               | from State Troopers to Hospital Workers" (https://cmsedit
               | .cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2021/september/vaccine-ma...)
               | 
               | As of Sep. 28, CBN could find only 843. And, oh, look,
               | they linked to
               | https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/how-many-
               | employee...
               | 
               | Kaiser Permanente and Northwell Health were the largest
               | with 1-2% of their workforces, although Kaiser's are on
               | "administrative leave".
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Because a lot of nurses are dumb and/or highly partisan
               | or otherwise ideological
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | It's something like 1%?
               | 
               | Also, some of these stats include nurses that are still
               | registered but not currently working anywhere so it's
               | unclear that their vaccination status is correctly
               | recorded.
        
           | nickthemagicman wrote:
           | Labotomies won the Nobel prize.
           | 
           | Descartes was excommunicated.
           | 
           | Semmelweis was mocked.
           | 
           | How you should approach anti-vax/anti-mask people is to
           | consider that they may have a point.
           | 
           | But your FAITH in the science of your narrative precludes
           | you.
        
           | 0xBA5ED wrote:
           | >coordinated unauthentic or disingenuous skepticism
           | 
           | There is certainly some of this happening as with every
           | issue, but echo chambers can easily emerge and sustain
           | themselves without the need for coordinated bad actors. I
           | believe the larger issue is simply lack of education rather
           | than bad guys doing bad things.
        
           | pumaontheprowl wrote:
           | You counter all skepticism the same way: by a designing an
           | experiment to test the skeptic's hypothesis and presenting
           | the results of the experiment to the skeptic. Name-calling,
           | censorship, and persecution are not going to bring the
           | skeptic to your side, but they will almost certainly
           | discourage future skeptics from presenting their findings.
           | 
           | If we allow politicians to turn science into a dogma instead
           | of an investigative process, progress will come to a grinding
           | halt.
        
             | theaeolist wrote:
             | If only. There's a nice flat-earth documentary on Netflix.
             | Some scientifically-minded flat-earthers designed and
             | carried out not one but two experiments to "prove" the
             | earth is flat. Both of them came conclusively on the side
             | that the earth is not flat, but is quasi-spherical with a
             | radius and rotation rate consistent with the scientific
             | consensus. Remember, these experiments were on their own
             | terms. They repeated them several times and they declared
             | them "inconclusive". This is not someone you can convince
             | by any means.
        
               | thrwawy12345 wrote:
               | Who are they hurting by believing that the Earth is flat?
        
               | WillDaSilva wrote:
               | The harm people cause by holding believing false beliefs
               | is rather complicated at times, yet extremely important
               | and impactful nonetheless.
               | 
               | For flat earthers in particular this video sheds some
               | light on why their way of thinking is harmful:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTfhYyTuT44
               | 
               | To be extremely reductive, allowing false beliefs into
               | one's web of beliefs corrupts it. This typically gives
               | rise to a multitude of other false beliefs. Flat earthers
               | almost never only believe one obviously false conspiracy
               | theory. They become epistemically susceptible, and worse
               | still, they tend to spread these awful ways of thinking
               | with great zeal.
               | 
               | In the more general case, I recommend you learn about the
               | ethics of belief. The Standford Encyclopedia of
               | Philosophy page on the topic is a good starting point:
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/
               | 
               | Maybe someone can come along and answer your question in
               | a more succinct yet equally (or ideally more) convincing
               | way. This request that you commit several hours to
               | educating yourself is the best I can do at this time.
        
               | deepnotderp wrote:
               | Well said. I propose therefore that we ban Boltzmann for
               | his crime of false belief in statistical mechanics. /s
        
               | thereisnospork wrote:
               | How do you inform a voter on the implications of say, tax
               | policy, and expect them to make a rational decision if
               | they can't even comprehend that the earth is proven to
               | not be flat? Ignorance and its tolerance hurts everyone
               | in a democracy.
        
               | thrwawy12345 wrote:
               | What a curious argument against democracy.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | It's not that curious, it's pretty clearly self
               | describing actually.
               | 
               | And what's wrong with arguments against democracy? We are
               | in a thread explicitly discussing questioning anything
               | and everything and talking about the virtues of being
               | averse to dogma. What if democracy is not as good as it
               | gets? What if there's an alternative that is not
               | authoritarianism?
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | There's no such thing as scientific consensus, strictly
               | speaking
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | > You counter all skepticism the same way: by a designing
             | an experiment to test the skeptic's hypothesis and
             | presenting the results of the experiment to the skeptic.
             | 
             | I've tried this (by sharing data) with friends and family
             | members - it doesn't work/matter. They simply dismiss the
             | data as "fake news" and shift to a new argument. This is
             | why I classify it as "disingenuous skepticism".
             | 
             | Their actions (anecdotally) are driven by culture and
             | politics, not data.
        
               | gotoeleven wrote:
               | I mean, very often "shared data" is fake news because we
               | know that studies on politically charged topics are under
               | intense pressure (via funding or public lynch mobs) to
               | come out a particular way. In the past two years studies
               | on crime rates by race, illegal immigration/amnesty, and
               | many covid related topics have all been shaped by this.
               | 
               | And remember, the way most people are finding out about
               | this "shared data" is via the media that just got done
               | spending 4 years accusing trump of being a russian agent.
               | So, they're biased or they're liars. Hence the
               | skepticism.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | over_the_raibow wrote:
               | Besides analytical skill, people also posses intuition
               | which is a valid tool to interpret the world. A wife that
               | is cheated on by her husband, intuitively knows that she
               | s cheated on even though she has no proof. She might see
               | the unusual behavior of her husband, the fact that he s
               | secretive doesn't give her attention as he used to or
               | comes home very late. She might even confront him about
               | this only to be met with a lot of logical explanations
               | and alibies(I had to work till late, I went on a
               | teambuilding trip, etc). His reasons might be completely
               | rational and logical but she knows something is wrong. He
               | might even attempt to make it seems she s the hysterical
               | and crazy one while he s the rational and calm guy. See
               | where I m going? Your friends and family don t contest
               | "the data",they couldn t do this even if they wanted. But
               | they have serious reasons to believe something s off.
               | Their intuition is telling that. They might not have the
               | data, only a feeling. But that feeling is strong. They
               | don t deny your good intentions,it s just that you made
               | yourself the defender of a certain conclusion.They have
               | an issue with the mainstream source of that data, with
               | the government and the the industry behind, which
               | academics ar legitimizing through skewed papers, paid
               | research, etc. I suggest to take their skepticism more
               | serious, since even I, from the other side of the world,
               | can see they probably they are right. There is definitely
               | something off and skepticism is reasonable these days.
        
               | rabuse wrote:
               | The data conflicts within different nations across the
               | globe. Some barely had lockdowns, with minimal impact to
               | their healthcare system, and others are at a high
               | vaccination rate with record cases. There's nothing
               | concrete in this.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > Their actions (anecdotally) are driven by culture and
               | politics, not data.
               | 
               | I'd argue 40% of societies response to this pandemic is
               | culture and politics. 30% is media fear mongering. 20% is
               | intellectual error and 10% is actually disease
               | mitigation.
               | 
               | Requiring fully vaccinated individuals to wear masks is
               | culture & politics.
               | 
               | Shutting down outdoor restaurants is culture and politics
               | 
               | Casting moral shame on people who get covid is culture
               | and politics
               | 
               | Saying it is totally okay to go to a BLM rally while not
               | being able to attend a football game is culture and
               | politics.
               | 
               | Closing the birthday card isle in the grocery store is
               | culture and politics.
               | 
               | The list goes on and on...
               | 
               | In fact the very core of lockdowns is premised in culture
               | and politics and not science. Science doesn't create
               | policy. Human values do. For example places that place
               | more emphasis on living life instead of protecting life
               | were probably the first to drop restrictions.... a
               | perfectly valid stance.
               | 
               | Science doesn't tell us what to do. It is merely a
               | process for testing hypothesis in an attempt to get to
               | the "truth" of something. That's all it does. Science
               | didn't tell us to lockdown, it doesn't tell us to require
               | vaccinated individuals to wear a mask, it doesn't tell us
               | to shut down our borders, or any of that. All those
               | decisions were driven by culture and politics.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | If your goal is to convince _them_ , and not come to a
               | more clear understanding of the truth, this will be
               | frustrating. Once you let go of convincing anyone of
               | anything you are free to find the truth for yourself.
        
               | liber8 wrote:
               | This is not what pumaontheprowl said.
               | 
               | You are right, simply presenting people with data doesn't
               | work. If it did, you would never see a fat nurse, or a
               | doctor who smokes, or... the list is endless.
               | 
               | pumaontheprowl's suggestion is to design a (thought)
               | experiment that involves the skeptic. There are various
               | ways to do this, but history is literally built on this
               | exact phenomena. Getting people to change their mind on
               | an issue requires that you have a real conversation with
               | them. You can't just shove data in their face and see
               | "See, look dummy you're wrong I'm right!" There are all
               | sorts of people that do this for a living: helping people
               | leave cults/white supremacy groups/etc.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | We have to train people to have critical thinking skills in
           | school so that they can tell the difference between truth and
           | lies when they see them out in the wild. Of course, the
           | government will have to stop making stuff up, but that's a
           | small price to pay for insulating society against other
           | forces who are way better at making propaganda than our
           | government / our "institutions."
        
             | kansface wrote:
             | Talking of unscientific beliefs, I have yet to see any
             | evidence that teaching critical thinking is either possible
             | or likely, or that schools would do anything other than use
             | the time for propaganda - particularly in regard to
             | anything of importance that is contentious.
        
               | dennis_jeeves wrote:
               | It's a harsh truth as far as I know, that some people
               | refuse to come to terms with. Some people just believe
               | that anyone can be taught anything given the appropriate
               | conditions.
        
             | JasonFruit wrote:
             | How does government benefit from teaching critical thinking
             | in government schools? If there's no good answer to that,
             | it won't happen.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | The assumption that all governments are at best always
               | hostile is not something shared by everyone in the world.
               | 
               | it seems to be a reliable indicator that the person
               | expressing it is a US citizen or at least resident in the
               | US.
               | 
               | Isn't it debilitating to live in a place suffused with
               | this opinion? Does it become self-fulfilling?
               | 
               | And to answer the question: the government is composed of
               | people like you; critical thinking helps the government
               | see how to improve society just as it helps you to
               | improve your own life and prevent you from falling for
               | scams.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | When you say "the government is composed of people like
               | you," I imagine you are talking about the low to mid
               | echelons of the civil service. That's right, but they
               | don't set policy. Corporations work together with
               | politicians and reliable upper-echelon civil servants to
               | set US policy, and the media works together with them to
               | prevent the use of democracy. It's impossible for a US
               | citizen to believe anything else if they have but the
               | most shallow awareness of even the foreign policy alone
               | of the past 70 years.
               | 
               | It's universal knowledge; you will hear it whether you
               | are talking to a conservative christian or a communist,
               | although the particular culturally appropriate way of
               | phrasing it will change. You will even hear it from
               | comfortable urban professionals, although couched in a
               | way that makes it look like they're not excessively upset
               | about it.
               | 
               | I have heard a lot of opinions, some of them bonkers, but
               | there is one I have never heard; I challenge you to find
               | one single American who believes that Iraq was invaded
               | due to popular demand.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | > I have heard a lot of opinions, some of them bonkers,
               | but there is one I have never heard; I challenge you to
               | find one single American who believes that Iraq was
               | invaded due to popular demand.
               | 
               | I seem to recall it being fairly popular among the public
               | back when it was proposed and first carried out, because
               | there was a pretty widespread belief that Saddam did
               | still have WMDs, and that he was somehow linked to 9/11.
               | Those were both wrong, and there were certainly people
               | who were skeptical, but it did have somewhat popular
               | support at the time.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Some popular support?
               | 
               | " _Days before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Maines told a
               | London audience the band did not endorse the war and were
               | "ashamed" of US President George W. Bush being from
               | Texas. The remarks triggered boycotts in the US and
               | backlash from fans._"
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicks)
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | That's overlooking the order of events - first the
               | decision was made to invade Iraq, then the WMD claim was
               | invented, then the public was convinced of the claim, and
               | then Iraq was invaded. If you only consider the last two
               | steps, then it would look like the second to last event
               | was first. Sadly, public demand was a _consequence_ , not
               | a cause.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | I don't know whether it was actually invented or was the
               | result of poor intelligence and the Bush administration
               | wanting it to be true. At any rate, the public largely
               | bought into it at the time.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | > It's universal knowledge; you will hear it whether you
               | are talking to a conservative christian or a communist,
               | 
               | I wouldn't expect either to be part of the Overton
               | window, and both to be rather unhappy with current
               | society. As for upper civil servants, corporations and
               | the media, one has to suppose their interests are all
               | aligned, as opposed to being in disagreement over various
               | matters. Sounds like something you'd hear conservative
               | christian or communist say. Someone unhappy with the
               | current form of government who supposes there is a grand
               | conspiracy preventing their ideal conservative or
               | communist society from being realized. Instead of a
               | majority of people not wanting such a society.
               | 
               | Both have a narrative of the world as being controlled by
               | dark forces brainwashing people, instead of it being a
               | complex, emergent structure from a messy history with
               | nobody in control.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The factions within the, as you put it, Overton window,
               | share some interests and oppose each other on some other
               | goals. All of the uncertainty in policy lies in wondering
               | whether corporations, politicians or upper level civil
               | servants will get their way in each conflict, sometimes
               | none of them getting their way due to gridlock. Nobody is
               | in control, but some people are in more control than
               | others. As you put it, groups outside the "Overton
               | window" are all dissatisfied - but the really revealing
               | thing is that they make up almost all of the US
               | population.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | > Isn't it debilitating to live in a place suffused with
               | this opinion? Does it become self-fulfilling?
               | 
               | One of the 2 major political parties in the USA has
               | pushed this opinion for as long as I've been alive. They
               | deny federal government any opportunity to improve then
               | point at government as an example of why it doesn't
               | improve peoples' lives.
               | 
               | I hope other still-functioning governments learn from the
               | institutional failures of the USA in the 1970s and 1980s
               | so as to avoid following the same path.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The people running our society have more to lose from
               | getting replaced by some kind of taliban-equivalent than
               | they have to lose from inoculating the population against
               | propaganda at the expense of limiting their own power in
               | some cases. This is a plan where they can keep their
               | money and their authority, and they'd only have to
               | sacrifice a small amount of the effectiveness of the big
               | papers, which are not effective anymore anyway.
        
               | lisael wrote:
               | GP told about "a government". You rephrased to "The
               | people running our society". If we accept the fact that
               | this people is, simply put, the rich and the giant
               | corporations... they have a lot to gain from some kind of
               | fascist society. That's the heart of fascism: a strong
               | government serving the rich. They do have to gain a lot
               | from the masses ignorance, irrationality and short sight.
               | Not that I'm saying they all adhere to fascism, people
               | may have principles that contradict their most direct
               | interest.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Multinational corporations don't like nationalism. I
               | think the idea that big corporations benefit from fascism
               | is an interesting one, but it doesn't square with
               | capitalism's need to keep borders open to trade and
               | capital flow. If you're proposing that someone is going
               | to invent a non-nationalist version of fascism, that's
               | again an interesting idea, but I'm having a hard time
               | imagining it.
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | If it's successful it won't get a name, it won't be a
               | "thing," it will just be the new normal.
        
               | JasonFruit wrote:
               | The problem with your reasoning here is that your two
               | options are replacement by "a taliban-equivalent", or a
               | slight limitation of their power. I think you've vastly
               | overestimated the risk of a naive population to
               | government while underestimating the benefit. In my view,
               | the U.S. government's propaganda system is essential to
               | its survival in its current form. It uses it to maintain
               | the war industry, to justify its spending power, to
               | preserve the stability of the currency, to ensure the
               | election of tame officials -- there's a lot to lose.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The stability of the currency is mainly decided by
               | countries outside the reach of the US's internal
               | propaganda, because of the enormous debts and reserve
               | currency status. I agree that a population which wouldn't
               | go for Qanon would also make them quit invading countries
               | in the middle east and south america, but depending on
               | how this crazy business plays out, leaving Iran alone may
               | be a small price for them to pay.
               | 
               | I hate to invoke Godwin's law, but business people loved
               | Hitler all around the world right up until his propaganda
               | machine shut out their influence and he started invading
               | the other half of their markets and supply chains. If the
               | people running our country have learned anything from
               | history they will quit encouraging irrationality and
               | gullibility some time before the curtains close, so to
               | speak.
        
               | JasonFruit wrote:
               | Maybe you are right. I'm not as confident as you that the
               | U.S. government has learned from history, though; it
               | spends a lot of time explaining that it has made
               | historically-attested consequences of its actions
               | impossible. But I'm not a fan in general, and that may
               | color my perceptions.
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | I don't think critical thinking will do anyone any good if
             | people abuse critical thinking to have opinions they want
             | to have as opposed to changing their mind.
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | > coordinated unauthentic or disingenuous skepticism
           | 
           | We stop trying to ascribe malicious motives to their actions
           | and try to have genuine conversation with them. If they
           | aren't convinced after that then we have more work to do.
        
             | UncleOxidant wrote:
             | Right now at this moment my 60 year old SiL is holed up in
             | her apartment with covid. She refused to get the vaccine.
             | She believes that there are lizard people who live beneath
             | the earth's crust, etc. She found a "doctor" to prescribe
             | her ivermectin - the "doctor" does not allow vaccinated
             | people into their clinic for whatever bizarre reason (sPIkE
             | pRoTeenZ no doubt).
             | 
             | We asked her to take a pic of her oximeter reading and send
             | it to us - it read 91. We told her she should get to a
             | hospital where they could give her some oxygen, but she
             | refuses (doesn't want to be in "the system"). She is the
             | poster child for disingenuous skepticism and it's
             | impossible to have a "genuine conversation" with her
             | because she's so infected with conspiracy theories
             | (including the Q conspiracy).
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Hopefully someone can help get her script filled. If she
               | doesn't notice improvement after a couple of doses, maybe
               | she'll reconsider hospital. Time is of the essence with
               | ivermectin, early application is more effective.
        
               | UncleOxidant wrote:
               | If ivermectin has any effect against covid (I'm
               | skeptical, but try to keep an open mind) it's likely past
               | the point where it would have been possibly effective as
               | she's over a week into it so the viral replication phase
               | is likely mostly over and it's entered the inflammatory
               | phase (meaning she probably needs steroids at this
               | point).
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Hospital best choice if she's that far into it. No harm
               | in getting her the ivm too though if possible.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | > She is the poster child for disingenuous skepticism
               | 
               | She doesn't seem at all disingenuous to me, what actions
               | make you doubt her genuinity? To me it sounds like she
               | may have some mental health issues to work out and that
               | is an entirely different beast than this conversation.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | Why do you believe that "mental health issues" (very non-
               | specific) is an entirely different beast? My family
               | experiences suggest that information silos (my personal
               | diagnosis of one of the root causes of disbelief of
               | reproducible scientific findings) can and do create
               | mental health issues similar to the parent's SiL.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | There is good reason to not want to be in the system.
               | During COVID, both my aunt and grandmother were abused
               | during their hospitalizations (not for COVID). The
               | experience left my aunt feeling she'd rather have died
               | than endure what she had to, and after hearing her
               | experiences, I think that would have been a perfectly
               | rational decision to make had she known what was going to
               | happen.
               | 
               | Why are we so upset when people decide to refuse
               | treatment?
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | >Why are we so upset when people decide to refuse
               | treatment?
               | 
               | The anecdotal evidence you gave (hospital abuse) is an
               | outlier, not a norm.
               | 
               | A better question is, why _wouldn 't_ you be upset when a
               | family member refuses life saving treatment, rationalized
               | by disinformation?
        
             | cde-v wrote:
             | Hanlon's razor
        
             | hallway_monitor wrote:
             | Thank you. The phrase "disingenuous skepticism" is
             | difficult to imagine. If someone believes masks don't work,
             | or that a vaccine could have risks, they are skeptical;
             | they haven't seen evidence that convinces them otherwise.
             | 
             | It's interesting how much time and effort is spent trying
             | to win people over to another way of thinking or opinion.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | I don't know how many of these conversations you've tried
               | to have, because the confirmation bias is very real.
               | 
               | We're not discussing skepticism of nematode behavior, but
               | of the politicization of a pandemic, which makes it
               | opinion. You can't reason with someone out of an opinion
               | who didn't reason themselves into it to begin with.
               | 
               | Rational bad actors abuse this notion that they have the
               | right to play, to be heard, to have a discourse; when in
               | reality they're repeating the same disinformation ad
               | nausea to profit for themselves.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | I also think misconceptions about Occam's razor are to
               | blame. It's a good heuristic for choosing which
               | hypotheses to test first, but a lot of people seem to
               | misuse it as a heuristic for which of two propositions is
               | more likely to be true, which is unfounded and very often
               | leads to incorrect conclusions. It's basically on par
               | with "there's no smoke without fire".
               | 
               | People tend to assume that if they cannot prove P and
               | cannot prove !P, then !P must be assumed to be true. This
               | is of course not correct at all, and most propositions
               | can be rephrased so that Q=!P and !Q=P.
               | 
               | If there is no evidence either way, then neither P nor !P
               | is supported, and we should remain uncertain.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | >>The phrase "disingenuous skepticism" is difficult to
               | imagine.
               | 
               | I find it easy to imagine and indeed can pinpoint many
               | observed instances. A lot of "I'm not saying anything,
               | I'm just asking questions" ARE in fact saying something,
               | quite strongly, with minds made up and no curiosity or
               | eagerness to learn, but are being disingenuous. It's not
               | skepticism: they are not awaiting or hoping for data or
               | facts or claims, rational discourse or healthy
               | discussion; their mind is not open to change; they have
               | an objective, they are aiming to persuade and recruit, or
               | sow doubt. To the point that when a user made an
               | innocuous comment in this thread and ended it with "not a
               | criticism, just an observation:)" we all assumed he was
               | in fact disingenuous and was criticizing, because that's
               | the current (unfortunate!) norm for that form of
               | statement.
               | 
               | A lot of cult-like institutions or groups understand,
               | consciously or subconsciously, that their views are not
               | agreed upon and appreciated. So they have devised
               | disingenuous ways of promoting them. From naming
               | ("Discovery Institute" is hard-core creationists,
               | "National Vaccine Information Center" is hard-core anti-
               | vaxx group etc), to appearances (websites are full of
               | stock photos of people in white lab coats and charts, to
               | appear science-y), to discourse (again, the frequent,
               | "I'm not SAYING anything, I'm just ASKING"; "I'm not
               | AGAINST vaccines, I just have QUESTIONS on the timing" -
               | all pulled from distributed talking points),disingenuous
               | skepticism has become the norm, I'm sad to say... and
               | thus trivial to imagine.
               | 
               | edit: All forms of discussion like this ultimately
               | converge to definitions; so to be explicit and hopefully
               | drive us to point of mutual understanding, to me,
               | skepticism implies _seeking_ facts, data, truth; openness
               | to change your mind; genuine looking for mutual objective
               | truth and agreement. As such, there 's disingenuous
               | skepticism _aplenty_ in this world of ours :- /
        
               | ohwellhere wrote:
               | This is exactly right, and what the original comment was
               | describing I believe. Although I wonder if the subject is
               | muddied as the adjective may be applied to the wrong
               | noun.
               | 
               | Their _skepticism_ is likely genuine and sincere, but
               | their _engagement_ is not in good faith and is
               | disingenuous.
               | 
               | One problem, I think, is that it the communities are self
               | selecting. Skeptics who engage in good faith on well
               | understood topics become converts; all who remain over
               | time in the community of skeptics are those who do not
               | engage in good faith.
               | 
               | It's a worthwhile question to ask why they don't engage
               | in good faith, which I think has a more complicated
               | answer than either straightforward ignorance or malice.
        
               | IIAOPSW wrote:
               | The tongue in cheek term for this is "JAQing off". JAQ =
               | Just Asking Questions. It is also known as "concern
               | trolling". Any fool who spends the effort to successfully
               | address the face value concern will find that the troll
               | has immediately transitioned to having a new concern
               | which happens to support/oppose the same exact things as
               | the previous. It is a textbook example of motivated
               | reasoning laundering itself in the clothing of
               | skepticism.
               | 
               | It is like fighting a squid. The moment you've caught it
               | by one of the tentacles it slaps at you with the other 7
               | while the first 1 slips away.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | How much evidence would it take you to come to believe
               | that masks work or that the risks of vaccines do not
               | outweigh the risks of the disease?
               | 
               | And what do you do if the answer is "No amount of
               | evidence"?
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | Do you attribute malicious motives to the skeptics employed
             | by tobacco companies?
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | > How should we counter coordinated unauthentic or
           | disingenuous skepticism?
           | 
           | Isn't this really asking "how do you have ideas that stand up
           | to the Socratic method?"
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | No. You are making categorical error by equating emotional
             | messages with cognitive messages.
             | 
             | Coordinated inauthentic ideas are not intended to withstand
             | rigorous review. They are intended to tickle the limbic
             | system and to get retweeted before the reader's cognitive
             | mind has a chance to weigh in. The author will shed that
             | idea or identity and move to another. For this reason, they
             | are also called a "disinformation firehouse".
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | Do you mean people who question the vaccine at all are
           | "something else completely"?
           | 
           | Seems strange to be called "anti-vax" and, presumably, "anti-
           | science" for questioning the logic in mass vaccinating with
           | an experimental vaccine, built with experimental
           | technologies, which since its deployment has been
           | demonstrated through various data to be a spectacular failure
           | in terms of safety and efficacy.
           | 
           | What about just questioning the policies themselves?
           | 
           | What about the fact that from where I'm sitting there's zero
           | "science" supporting the use of cloth masks, yet they're
           | attack vector numero uno when it comes to bifurcating the
           | populace into angels and demons?
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | > Seems strange to be called "anti-vax" and, presumably,
             | "anti-science" for questioning...
             | 
             |  _Who_ is calling you these things? Are they government
             | epidemiologists or just randos on the internet? If the
             | latter, then why do you care what they call you? Opinions
             | are like models: they are all imperfect and only some are
             | useful.
             | 
             | Questioning policies is fine, but you have to recognize
             | that you aren't the only person espousing your position.
             | There is a seemingly endless stream of opinions about how
             | policies should be changed, so your voice is grouped
             | together with other voices (some louder, some uninformed,
             | some come with death threats, some come with violence).
             | 
             | And it doesn't help your case when you discount the actual
             | scientific evidence that masks (even some cloth masks) do a
             | non-zero amount of intervention. Never mind the fact that
             | cloth masks are available, cheap, safe, and visible. You
             | may not agree with these qualities, but you aren't (I'm
             | going out on a limb here) a government official charged
             | with maintaining public health. Policy makers have to
             | factor in things like effectiveness, cost, ubiquity, ease
             | of implementation, effectiveness, and how it affects public
             | order. If you aren't applying all of these in your
             | calculus, then you are just complaining without suggesting
             | a viable solution.
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | > has been demonstrated through various data to be a
             | spectacular failure in terms of safety and efficacy.
             | 
             | Wat.
             | 
             | There are 6 major vaccines which are approved for use in
             | most countries. Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, J&J, AstraZeneca,
             | Sinopharm, Sputnik. Most are extremely safe (obviously
             | risks are non-zero, but those risks are orders of
             | magnitudes better than the effects of the disease). Some
             | are extremely effective (at reducing severe disease and/or
             | reducing the spread of disease), at least for the first
             | several months. Some are even very effective against a
             | variant that didn't present until after development and
             | testing were done. Only 2 are mRNA based, which I presume
             | is what you mean by "experimental". These vaccines have
             | been administered in billions of doses and side effects
             | have been monitored for over a year. Your statements
             | completely overstate the facts as observed.
        
             | xadhominemx wrote:
             | > demonstrated through various data to be a spectacular
             | failure in terms of safety and efficacy
             | 
             | No
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | It's best broken down by group, so here's just one
               | example that I think is irrefutable about these being
               | unsafe.
               | 
               | If you've ever been pregnant or had a pregnant wife,
               | you'd know that the list of medications which they can
               | avail themselves of during pregnancy is tiny. This is
               | because due to ethical concerns, testing pharmaceuticals
               | on pregnant women is almost never done. So doctors tell
               | pregnant women to never take most things while pregnant.
               | 
               | The studies for the covid vaccines intentionally excluded
               | pregnant women from their cohorts, for the same reason.
               | 
               | Therefore, by the definition of unsafe that we've used
               | for generations of medical advice, the vaccines are
               | unsafe for pregnant women. No study on pregnancy? Not
               | safe.
               | 
               | And yet, pregnant women are recommended the vaccine every
               | day.
               | 
               | That's just one among many.
               | 
               | As for failure, that's blindingly obvious at this point.
               | If you disagree, please let me know how your view changes
               | as you prepare for your fourth booster.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | You are conflating unsafe with unknown.
               | 
               | You are ignoring the difference between a disease which
               | is highly contagious (therefore difficult to avoid)
               | versus pregnancy complications that are easy to avoid
               | because they aren't contagious diseases.
               | 
               | You are also projecting typical ethical concerns around
               | medical research on pregnant women and the mounting body
               | of evidence that COVID vaccines are safe for women who
               | get pregnant after vaccination. It turns out it is easy
               | to study this after billions of doses are administered.
               | The CDC is currently studying the effects of these
               | vaccines on pregnancy: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/20
               | 19-ncov/vaccines/recommend...
               | 
               | "That's just one among many"
               | 
               | Perhaps some of the "many" might stand up to scrutiny...
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recomm
               | end...
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | > which since its deployment has been demonstrated through
             | various data to be a spectacular failure in terms of safety
             | and efficacy.
             | 
             | What do you mean by "spectacular failure"? I live in
             | Romania, one of the least vaccinated countries in the EU
             | (together with Bulgaria) and we're now in the middle of a
             | very, very bad Covid wave because of the low vaccination
             | rates. The other EU countries don't go through the same
             | thing as us. I don't call the vaccine a "spectacular
             | failure" in terms of safety and efficacy, quite the
             | contrary, it demonstrates that it has been doing its job
             | pretty well.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | In the US, 44% of the population remains unvaccinated,
               | including virtually all school-aged children... but
               | because the same anti-vax people are also really bad at
               | math, they think that infection rates are proof that
               | they're right when factually the virus is much more
               | widespread than this time last year due to their lack of
               | care.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, the most vocal vaccine skeptics are catching
               | and dying from the virus with such frequency that there
               | are multiple subreddits devoted to their stories.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | And here to me, it seems very obvious that vaccinating
               | children is utter madness. Children are not at risk of
               | covid.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | It depends what you think the intent of vaccination is.
               | 
               | The 3 vaccines authorized / approved in the USA all
               | significantly reduce the probability of severe disease,
               | the duration of contagiousness, and the magnitude of
               | contagiousness.
               | 
               | I would agree that severe disease is already exceedingly
               | rare among that population, but the contagiousness issue
               | is more of a trade off of multiple factors.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Risks of the vaccine in kids are lower than the risks of
               | MIS-C or myocarditis from the actual virus.
               | 
               | Children have a very low risk of COVID complications, but
               | the risk of vaccine complications is even lower.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | And here to me, knower of basic biology and observer of
               | children, know that children spread viruses.
               | 
               | I sorta caught COVID from my kid and stuff. She sat in a
               | class for 3 days with another infected child whose
               | parents knew the child was infected but who also did not
               | have an adequate plan in place to care for him during the
               | day. It was a complete shitshow, and I permanently lost
               | most of my sense of smell.
               | 
               | But thanks for your information.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | > Seems strange to be called "anti-vax" and, presumably,
             | "anti-science" for questioning the logic in mass
             | vaccinating with an experimental vaccine, built with
             | experimental technologies, which since its deployment has
             | been demonstrated through various data to be a spectacular
             | failure in terms of safety and efficacy.
             | 
             | Well yeah, that is hilariously bad anti-science. There's
             | nothing scientific to support any of that.
        
             | ipspam wrote:
             | Science is only one piece of the puzzle. Ultimately it's a
             | political game, so science is only part of the equation.
             | Masks are to signal that I care about you, and to make you
             | feel safe. Bullshit of course, but it's way to hard to make
             | people understand that they are overestimating the risk of
             | death and hospitalization by factors of 10x and 20x. Much
             | easier to not correct the record and pretend masks reduce
             | the risk 10-20x.
             | 
             | Back to basics: The government doesn't care about you. Any
             | interventions are likely to sacrifice long term success for
             | short term success.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | Lying to people in some kind of psychological game to
               | manipulate their feelings in the way you're describing is
               | despicable and anyone participating willfully in such
               | bullshit deserves zero respect.
               | 
               | Many scientists and doctors out there are obviously
               | either completely uninterested in the truth or just
               | toadies for the elite, if what you're describing is
               | correct.
               | 
               | If so, they don't deserve our respect, our trust, or even
               | our attention.
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | It's more complicated than that. Most scientists do not
               | set out to willfully participate in bullshit. They do
               | honest work within the constraints of their profession.
               | 
               | As an example, take covid antibody studies. It is
               | interesting and useful to learn how covid vaccines elicit
               | antibody production. OTOH, the immune system is not
               | limited to antibodies. Extrapolating long-term immunity
               | conclusions from an antibody study is unwarranted. Alas,
               | the scientists performing antibody studies don't have the
               | resources to perform long term studies. This creates an
               | over-abundence of antibody studies, which are cheap and
               | likely to produce measurable results. These studies are
               | then used as incontrovertible evidence that 'science
               | says' there is no such thing as natural immunity, and
               | even if it were, vaccines are much better.
        
               | thrwawy12345 wrote:
               | > Most scientists do not set out to willfully participate
               | in bullshit.
               | 
               | Probably true. But "scientists who seek political power"
               | is a different set. See, Fauci
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > If so, they don't deserve our respect, our trust, or
               | even our attention.
               | 
               | Totally agree. What's the number one rule of crisis
               | management? Keep people calm. I cannot name a single
               | "expert" who has attempted to calm people at all. In fact
               | most have done the exact opposite. They have
               | intentionally provoked fear.
               | 
               | If these people wanted respect, trust and attention
               | they'd go out of their way to _clearly_ articulate the
               | risks of covid for each population group. Instead they
               | act as if covid is a death sentence for anybody. They
               | would actively stamp out misinformation like  "4% kill
               | rate" and "25% of people get long covid". They'd clearly
               | frame "hospitals full" with the context of how busy an
               | ICU is during normal times. They'd spend large chunks of
               | their time calming parents who are fearful for their
               | children.
               | 
               | More important, they'd offer hope and work to instill
               | courage and bravery in people. They'd tell people what
               | they can do to minimize symptoms. They'd remind people
               | virtually everybody recovers and many don't even know
               | they had it. They'd give people ways to meaningfully
               | contribute "to the cause" within their communities.
               | 
               | Instead they've done nothing but crank up the fear factor
               | and freaked the absolute shit out of people. They'd
               | literally knocked screws loose from people I used to
               | regard as level headed, rational people. And they keep at
               | it. Never offering positive messaging. Never offering
               | hope. Never communicating good news. Never calming people
               | down.
               | 
               | Of course if they did any of what I described, I'd
               | imagine most people wouldn't have accepted any of these
               | mitigation measures at all. Because I believe a rational
               | individual looking at the data would see almost none of
               | what we've done over the past year and a half makes a
               | single ounce of sense at all. The cynic in me says that
               | is exactly why they don't do what I describe... cranking
               | up the fear is the only way to sell lockdowns, masks,
               | vaccine mandates, border closures, and whatever other
               | human rights crushing crap these people want to shove
               | down our mouths.
               | 
               | These "experts" are some of the most vile individuals I
               | can think of. They don't deserve an ounce of respect,
               | trust or attention.
        
               | kansface wrote:
               | It's actually more like a factor of 100x for Democrats -
               | maybe 50x for Republicans.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | psychlops wrote:
           | > anti-vax/anti-mask/anti-science
           | 
           | I'd like to define what these terms mean. Right now, I think
           | the mainstream technique is anyone who questions
           | vax/mask/science gets the anti- prefix.
        
             | angelzen wrote:
             | Or the -phobe suffix. This isn't isolated.
        
               | thrwawy12345 wrote:
               | In common parlance it usually means "is disgusted by"
               | rather than the traditional "is afraid of".
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Labeling people as part of some group of undesirables
               | seems to be a very popular way of not having to meet
               | legitimate criticism these days. I wish we would be
               | better at calling it out.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | What, exactly, is "legitimate criticism"?
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | Being anti-mask isn't "unauthentic or disingenuous
           | skepticism". I've yet to hear a compelling argument why a
           | fully vaccinated individual has any business wearing a mask.
           | I've also yet to see any real data that shows that most masks
           | worn do anything beyond being a placebo.
           | 
           | All these studies conducted around masks are being done in
           | the heat of the moment in a highly politically charged
           | environment. Releasing a study that says masks don't work
           | will get the authors labeled as "anti-science" and probably
           | destroy their careers. All the studies performed prior to
           | this mess were inconclusive, at best.
           | 
           | Just because you disagree with somebody doesn't make that
           | person anti-science and doesn't make them dangerous,
           | "disingenuous" or "unauthentic". People have plenty of good
           | reasons to call BS on almost all of our mitigations.
        
             | rabuse wrote:
             | There is no compelling argument. They constantly keep
             | shifting the goal posts whenever asked genuine questions.
             | The definition of "vaccine" is even being redefined by a
             | couple of these radical groups.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | The problem is it all comes down to authority in the end.
         | 
         | There, I said it.
         | 
         | But it does.
         | 
         | In the end all evidence in the public sphere is second hand. If
         | you don't already trust the scientists, there's an alternative
         | universe of quacks who will give you what you're after.
        
           | nitrogen wrote:
           | Anything independently reproducible doesn't come down to
           | authority. Reproducibility is fundamental to science.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | And nobody can realistically reproduce anything outside
             | their own little niche.
             | 
             | "I injected the boys with fluid from cowpox victims, and
             | they didn't get smallpox later."
             | 
             | "I don't believe you"
             | 
             | Turtles all the way down. At best we can say the quacks
             | hold everyone else's evidence to a higher standard than
             | their own.
        
             | apetresc wrote:
             | He's talking about "the public sphere." Among the general
             | non-specialist public (probably 95%+ of the population),
             | virtually nobody can even do things like prove the
             | Pythagorean theorem. The idea that science is substantially
             | different from religion for most people because they
             | "could", in principle, reproduce the studies is laughable.
        
         | verall wrote:
         | What about bad-faith skepticism, like cigarettes-cause-cancer
         | skeptics and global warming skeptics?
         | 
         | From what I can see, good faith skepticism makes science
         | sturdier, but in bad faith it seduces the less knowledgable and
         | burns the time of the more knowledgeable.
         | 
         | On the flipside, most flat earthers don't seem to be arguing in
         | bad faith.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | Your statement that all, for e.g., global warming skeptics
           | are bad-faith shows you don't have a scientific mindset
           | yourself.
           | 
           | I live near glacier national park. In the 1990s, some climate
           | model predicted the eponymous glacier would be gone by 2020.
           | Signs around the parks' entrances were erected boldly stating
           | this claim. In January of 2020, the signs were removed
           | because the glaciers hadn't even shrunk.
           | 
           | If there were real scientific interest in climate change,
           | there'd be some interest and funding in ascertaining why that
           | prediction was proven incorrect. But there is no such study,
           | no funding for it, no interest whatsoever.
           | 
           | The climate change alarmists have zero opposition in all
           | major institutions. Anyone who says their models are
           | bullshit, or who says maybe the Sun is having a larger impact
           | on the climate than are GHGs, is ridiculed without their
           | arguments even entertained. You belie this with your
           | statement that any such skepticism is "bad faith".
           | 
           | When it comes to climate change in particular, a field that
           | seeks to study an incredibly complex collection of phenomena,
           | whose leading experts have raised blood-chilling alarmist
           | calls for action for decades and many of whose forecasts have
           | proven totally bunk, who study a system far more complex than
           | even the economy (are economics skeptics bad-faith too?)...
           | Well, if you think YOU have a lock on what's true, and
           | everyone with varying opinions is an obvious quack or a
           | shill, then I think it's you who doesn't understand science.
        
             | verall wrote:
             | > You belie this with your statement that any such
             | skepticism is "bad faith".
             | 
             | I really didn't, and I feel that you did not attempt to
             | engage with a charitable interpretation of my argument.
             | 
             | I used climate change denial as an example, because there
             | clearly are people that make those arguments in bad faith,
             | for monetary compensation. The same was true during
             | cigarette legislation. I made no _all_ statement at any
             | point.
             | 
             | > Well, if you think YOU have a lock on what's true, and
             | everyone with varying opinions is an obvious quack or a
             | shill, then I think it's you who doesn't understand
             | science.
             | 
             | Dude are you arguing with me or a million other people?
        
             | eutropia wrote:
             | I searched the internet trying to find a reference to the
             | study regarding the glaciers at GNP and found exclusively
             | news stories and blogspam repeating the "removal of the
             | signs" meme from foxnews, right-wing think tanks,
             | fundamentalist christian organizations, and oil & gas
             | funded "science" web sites.
             | 
             | I'd love to have a look at the original publication that
             | the USGS used when it decided to create those signs, but
             | its buried so deep under partisan schadenfreude that I
             | can't find it to even analyze it.
             | 
             | With respect to Greenhouse Gases: what's hard to understand
             | about conservation of matter?
             | 
             | GHGs cause some warming; you can do lab experiments on flux
             | and gas mixtures in identical glass containers to prove
             | this.
             | 
             | The Biosphere (that is, the surface of the earth and all
             | its organisms) has some essentially fixed amount of carbon
             | distributed between critters, plants, soil, air, and
             | dissolved in water. It's a closed system. When something
             | dies and decomposes, it releases its carbon into the soil
             | and atmosphere where it is endlessly recycled. Only in rare
             | (and extremely slow) circumstances does the carbon get
             | removed from the biosphere and put deep into the earth as
             | coal, oil, or natural gas.
             | 
             | When you dig up carbon that is currently out of that cycle
             | and put into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels you are
             | adding additional carbon to the system. It has to go
             | somewhere. Some of it will temporarily become plants (until
             | they die, rot and release the carbon again), some of it
             | will dissolve into the ocean and raise the acidity, and
             | some of it will stay in the atmosphere and cause some
             | warming.
             | 
             | This part of "climate change" is very simple to understand.
             | The earth previously did just fine with a higher fixed
             | amount of carbon in the biosphere, but it was a lot warmer,
             | wetter, and humans weren't around.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | > I'd love to have a look at the original publication
               | that the USGS used when it decided to create those signs,
               | but its buried so deep under partisan schadenfreude that
               | I can't find it to even analyze it.
               | 
               | Don't you and the guy you responded to want the same
               | thing: answers from the scientific community? You can
               | criticize the right wing news sources all you want... the
               | existence of the signs saying the glaciers were going to
               | disappear is pretty indisputable. Clearly, someone at
               | some point had enough belief in that prophesy that they
               | made a sign.
        
               | lordgrenville wrote:
               | I found it pretty easy to find non-flamebait information
               | on this story, here it is on CNN[0]. Here[1] is some
               | background; here[2] is the original 2003 study (which
               | predicted the glaciers would disappear in 2030; the date
               | was apparently pushed up based on field observations
               | showing glaciers melting faster than the model predicted.
               | 
               | [0] https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/08/us/glaciers-
               | national-park...
               | 
               | [1] https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/09/fact-
               | check-no-the...
               | 
               | [2] https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGC
               | I]2.0.C...
        
               | burntsushi wrote:
               | I think the comment you're responding to is taking issue
               | with predictions about the specific effects of climate on
               | a particular time table. I think your comment is talking
               | about the general concept of greenhouse gases produced by
               | humans causing warming. There is a large chasm between
               | these two things.
               | 
               | This is also why it's important to clarify what we mean
               | by "global warming skeptic." Are we talking about someone
               | that denies that human behavior creates greenhouse gases
               | that warms the climate? Or are we talking about someone
               | who views predictions about the specific effects of that
               | warming on our environment on a particular time scale
               | with great skepticism? These are two very different
               | positions to take.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | You and GP both have spherical cow ideas about how GHGs
               | impact the climate.
               | 
               | Yes, we can create an ideal lab "climate" and demonstrate
               | some GHGs cause warming.
               | 
               | The global climate is much, much more complicated. What
               | is the impact of GHG-caused warming on cloud formation?
               | What is the impact of same on jetstreams? Chaos Theory
               | was started as a result of the complexity of weather
               | prediction, which is simply short-term climate
               | forecasting. The two variables I mentioned are just two,
               | and they are dizzingly complex to model. It is not as
               | simple as "GHG++ == HEAT++".
               | 
               | Further, taking a step back: If we could agree on exactly
               | how GHGs impact the global climate, then can we get a
               | number on how much humans impact the climate at all? The
               | way climate change alarmists seem to think, the climate
               | would be absolutely static were it not for our industrial
               | revolution. So what is it? If humans got GHGs to zero,
               | how much less would the climate change? Are we
               | responsible for 1% of overall change? 50%? 100%?
               | 
               | Pretending these are simple or obvious questions is
               | absurd. I've read hundreds of papers on climate change.
               | These topics never seem to come up. Rarely do climate
               | scientists mention the sun, which seems to be treated
               | like a static heat bulb in the sky that gives off an
               | steady, constant flow of energy, which couldn't be
               | further from the truth!
               | 
               | Even the name of the topic, Climate Change, describing it
               | as some kind of problem in itself--if the climate were
               | static it'd be a HUGE alarm! The climate has _always_
               | changed.
               | 
               | Then a step back even further: The climate has changed
               | throughout civilization and it appears that large-scale
               | civilizations grow in population during periods of
               | warming, and shrink (sometimes drastically), during
               | periods of cooling. So how much warming is acceptable? It
               | seems the goal is to get to zero change (lol) or to
               | cooling. Why is that the necessarily best way?
               | 
               | The entire field is super-complex, and because of the
               | political environment, even asking questions such as the
               | above make it impossible to actually do science--only one
               | view is acceptable.
        
               | burntsushi wrote:
               | > You and GP both have spherical cow ideas about how GHGs
               | impact the climate.
               | 
               | I didn't tell you what I believe. I was trying to
               | communicate how y'all might be talking past one another.
               | 
               | If anything, teasing apart these positions (and the
               | positions inbetween) is exactly the opposite of a
               | spherical cow. Which seems to be exactly what you're
               | saying. So it seems like you've completely misinterpreted
               | my comment.
        
               | eutropia wrote:
               | Appealing to complexity doesn't make basics like
               | conservation of matter go away.
               | 
               | The Climate is extremely complex, and will not be
               | entirely understood in our lifetimes; but I'm not
               | interested in litigating my way to a perfect climate
               | model. I'll leave that to climatologists or whatever.
               | 
               | I'll state my policy position (the end result of whatever
               | one's understanding of the problem is anyway) and leave
               | it at that:
               | 
               | My position is that mankind ought to follow what I was
               | taught in scouts: "leave no trace".
               | 
               | Return GHGs to preindustrial levels, control all other
               | pollutants in a similarly strict sense. Work towards
               | solving the problems we have with deforestation and
               | destruction of habitats, etc. All while maintaining
               | freedom of reproduction for everyone, and continuing to
               | improve quality of life for humans everywhere. Not
               | exactly an easy feat.
               | 
               | That world (the preindustrial world) changed according to
               | its own whims and patterns, but it was beautiful and
               | humans thrived in it.
               | 
               | Knowing that a much warmer planet would look different
               | and likely be less hospitable makes me want to avoid that
               | outcome; however I've made my peace with the high
               | likelihood that I wont see "garden earth". We're working
               | with a system we don't understand against a timetable we
               | can't see while people make money every time they slow us
               | down.
        
               | burntsushi wrote:
               | > My position is that mankind ought to follow what I was
               | taught in scouts: "leave no trace".
               | 
               | This position isn't really coherent on its own, because
               | with enough time, it doesn't matter what we do: there
               | won't be a trace of us left. So really, you need to say
               | what you mean by "trace" and on what time scale. Your
               | time scale can't be zero, because then we couldn't build
               | anything. But it can't be arbitrarily long either,
               | because then it ceases to be any kind of restraint at
               | all.
        
               | eutropia wrote:
               | I thought I laid out what I meant by that in the
               | following paragraphs -- it was intended as a finger
               | pointed at the moon, not a prescriptive maxim to be taken
               | literally. A goal to work towards instead of "everyone do
               | whatever is profitable for them in the near term"...
               | 
               | In the very long term it would be awesome if our
               | industrial systems emitted only manageable waste heat and
               | the produced good, with all waste streams recycled or
               | otherwise kept from contaminating the environment; but
               | this is pure sci-fi utopian optimism on my part.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _I 've read hundreds of papers on climate change. These
               | topics never seem to come up. Rarely do climate
               | scientists mention the sun, which seems to be treated
               | like a static heat bulb in the sky that gives off an
               | steady, constant flow of energy, which couldn't be
               | further from the truth!_"
               | 
               | These statements are contradictory.
               | 
               | "Modelling the impact of solar variability on climate" (h
               | ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136
               | 46...)
               | 
               | "Climate change and solar variability: What's new under
               | the sun?" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
               | abs/pii/S00128...)
               | 
               | "Significant impact of forcing uncertainty in a large
               | ensemble of climate model simulations"
               | (https://www.pnas.org/content/118/23/e2016549118.short)
               | 
               | "Has solar variability caused climate change that
               | affected human culture?" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/s
               | cience/article/abs/pii/S02731...)
               | 
               | "Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent
               | Climate Change?" (https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journ
               | als/clim/16/24/1520-0...)
               | 
               | Hell, Roy Spencer has made much of his career off blaming
               | what climate change he admits exists on solar
               | variability.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | > I searched the internet trying to find a reference to
               | the study regarding the glaciers at GNP and found
               | exclusively news stories and blogspam repeating the
               | "removal of the signs" meme from foxnews, right-wing
               | think tanks, fundamentalist christian organizations, and
               | oil & gas funded "science" web sites.
               | 
               | Seriously? How hard did you look?
               | https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/08/us/glaciers-national-
               | park-202...
               | 
               | Also, if you want a science source, Google scholar is
               | your friend. This doesn't look like the original source,
               | since it's from 2003, but it makes similar predictions. h
               | ttps://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/53/2/131/25497
               | 6?...
        
               | verall wrote:
               | According to your CNN source, the GP is wrong and the
               | glaciers have shrunk.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | > The signs at Glacier National Park warning that its
               | signature glaciers would be gone by 2020 are being
               | changed. [CNN link]
               | 
               | > In the 1990s, some climate model predicted the
               | eponymous glacier would be gone by 2020. Signs around the
               | parks' entrances were erected boldly stating this claim.
               | In January of 2020, the signs were removed because the
               | glaciers hadn't even shrunk. [GP]
               | 
               | No, the source backed up the GP, because the prediction
               | was that the glacier would be gone. Whether or not it
               | shrank is secondary.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | Like Grinnell Glacier
             | (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/norock/science/grinnell-
             | glacier...)?
             | 
             | " _Between 1966 and 2005, Agassiz Glacier lost a third of
             | its surface area. ... Between 1966 and 2005, Ahern Glacier
             | lost 13 percent of its surface area._ " (https://en.wikiped
             | ia.org/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Glacier_Na....))
             | 
             | Blackfoot and Jackson Glaciers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
             | ki/Blackfoot_Glacier#/media/File:...)?
             | 
             | Chaney Glacier
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaney_Glacier)?
             | 
             | Dixon Glacier (45%)? Whitecrow Glacier (47%)?
             | 
             | Anyway, here's the USGS on Glacier National Park: https://w
             | eb.archive.org/web/20120511154502/http://www.nrmsc....
             | 
             | You may be interested in knowing that work on climate
             | models has progressed significantly since the 1990s. Also
             | that Glacier National Park does not have an eponymous
             | glacier.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | How do you determine someone is arguing in bad faith? I'm not
           | asking how do you determine that a bad faith actor exists
           | somewhere but on the individual level, which is where we all
           | exist, how do you know? Is everyone who disagrees with your
           | individual personal view of science a bad faith skeptic? If
           | not, how do you sort them out? Is based on how much effort
           | was required to convince you of a particular POV? That should
           | be something greater than zero, otherwise you're acting on
           | faith not science. Should everyone require the exact same
           | amount of evidence? And what about the situations where you
           | believed something to be true but later found out you were
           | wrong? Were you acting in bad faith all that time or were the
           | people who were ultimate correct acting in bad faith until
           | you agreed with them, at which point they were arguing in
           | good faith?
           | 
           | Bad faith actors exist but the bad faith label appears to be
           | an overused and a lazy way of shutting down debate. Not
           | everyone who was skeptical about the link between smoking and
           | cancer worked for the tobacco companies or were addicted to
           | smoking. How often are medicines we're told are safe taken
           | off the market because it turns out they're not? Are people
           | who were skeptical of that safety bad faith actors until they
           | were proven correct?
           | 
           | Why are there "scientific" subjects for which skepticism
           | automatically bad faith? What is the criteria for being able
           | to question the mainstream dogma and still be considered
           | arguing in good faith? The people who proposed the
           | possibility of a lab leak were not long ago considered to be
           | arguing in bad faith. How did those arguments one day
           | suddenly stop being bad faith arguments?
        
             | quotemstr wrote:
             | > How do you determine someone is arguing in bad faith?
             | 
             | You can tell when someone is arguing in bad faith by the
             | fact that he disagrees with The Science. Duh.
             | 
             | (I'm being sarcastic here, but that's what a frightening
             | fraction of the population _actually thinks_.)
        
               | dennis_jeeves wrote:
               | The huge fraction is indeed frightening.
        
             | sjwalter wrote:
             | > How did those arguments one day suddenly stop being bad
             | faith arguments?
             | 
             | I know you're asking this to demonstrate, but I'll answer
             | anyways, because it's obvious: The elite who have very
             | effectively captured the press, big tech, and the
             | scientific institutions used their leverage to ensure that
             | all such skepticism was "bad faith", even though it very
             | clearly was not.
        
             | verall wrote:
             | Skepticism is not automatically bad faith, and I really try
             | to make that point clear when I say that most flat earthers
             | are not arguing in bad faith, although their worldview
             | seems to sustain a massive conflict with reality.
             | 
             | I would even say that the vast majority of people who argue
             | that climate change is not real do not argue in bad faith,
             | they really believe it. But in both of my examples there
             | _are_ bad faith shills, and they poison the discourse.
             | 
             | Bad faith is when your external motives supersede your
             | opinion on the topic. Good faith is engaging directly with
             | the topic.
             | 
             | Another example:
             | 
             | If someone is arguing that abortion should be illegal
             | because it is dangerous for the woman, and they believe
             | this because a friend of theirs was injured in an abortion,
             | or because they heard it on Fox news, they are making an
             | argument in good faith. For whatever reason, they really
             | believe in the risk to the health of the woman.
             | 
             | If someone is making the same argument, after understanding
             | the statistics on abortion and childbirth, because they
             | care about the life of the unborn child, they are making an
             | argument in bad faith. Their feelings about the effects of
             | abortion are motivating an argument about the safety of
             | abortion.
             | 
             | I never said it was easy to distinguish - but clearly bad-
             | faith skepticism exists. If you leave it be it will poison
             | discourse. Engaging with and understanding the worldviews
             | of people you are discussing with is expensive and it is
             | painful if the person on the other side has no intention of
             | engaging with your or even their own arguments.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | To me, it seems like there's a failure to differentiate bad-
           | faith skepticism.
           | 
           | There's malicious "I know what I'm saying is a lie / broken
           | argument, but I'm willing to make it because my righteousness
           | / beliefs justify winning." (Fixable with... nothing?)
           | 
           | But there's also ignorant "I don't understand the foundations
           | of this information, and so arrive at an erroneous
           | conclusion." (Fixable with education)
           | 
           | One of the failures of scientific proponents (especially pop
           | scientific proponents) has been to treat the second group as
           | synonymous with the first.
        
             | hnaccount141 wrote:
             | This is a great point, and one that I wish was more widely
             | understood. In my anecdotal experience at least the latter
             | group by far outnumbers the former, and treating the "good
             | faith but poorly informed" group as you would the bad faith
             | group is nearly always counterproductive.
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | This is the best, concise write up I have seen on this topic.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > The only time it really stops working is if people start
         | treating it as doctrine, and demanding that you accept it on
         | faith, and take any questions as evidence that you are an enemy
         | of science. If anything destroys science, it is this line of
         | reasoning.
         | 
         | There is another point when "skepticism" as a principle fails,
         | and that is when it is being _weaponized_ by political and /or
         | financial interests. Climate change is the most obvious example
         | with oil companies funding all sorts of quackery, derailments
         | and misinformation (such as BP did by inventing the "individual
         | carbon footprint" in the 70s, see
         | https://mashable.com/feature/carbon-footprint-pr-campaign-
         | sh...), but also the tobacco and alcohol industry - and in the
         | last two years, COVID deniers who branded themselves
         | "skepticists" only to renounce the most basic bits of societal
         | solidarity such as wearing masks and getting a recommended
         | vaccination.
         | 
         | Skepticism should always, _always_ come with at least some
         | provable (!) claims - for example, with COVID vaccines, the
         | issues regarding AstraZeneca and blood clots. These claims can
         | then be investigated and validated or disproven. The problem is
         | that modern and /or "alternative" media simply takes skepticist
         | claims and reports them as gospel either because they don't
         | have journalists with a science background any more or (as is
         | the case with OAN/Newsmax/Fox/Murdoch/Axel Springer) they
         | follow their own/their owners' agenda.
         | 
         | The root cause at the bottom of weaponized skepticism is the
         | truly horrible state of teaching and the attitude towards
         | science in schools in most Western countries. "Creationism"
         | should not be seen on any curriculum worth its name, the fact
         | that students get ruthlessly bullied as nerds/know-it-
         | alls/autists/<insert whatever label you were bullied with here>
         | without consequences and that such behavior is culturally
         | accepted (e.g. in "teenage movies" and sitcoms, where "nerds"
         | are routinely portrayed in absurd cliches), the total lack of
         | media education (aka what bias is, how it works, and what the
         | pitfalls of modern mass media like clickbait, deceptive ads
         | masked as journalism etc. are)... our societies are rotten from
         | the core.
        
           | Viliam1234 wrote:
           | It is difficult for most people to defend against weaponized
           | anti-science. The reason is that no one can become an expert
           | scientist in one day or even one year. First you learn
           | elementary-school science, which by necessity involves some
           | simplifications, and some things are left unexplained. Then
           | you learn high-school science, which explains some of the
           | gaps of the previous level, and improves some of its
           | simplifications; yet it comes with its own simplifications
           | and gaps. Then you learn undergraduate science... and after
           | many years you hopefully become capable of understanding and
           | evaluating the most complex scientific claims.
           | 
           | Weaponized anti-science attacks people with statements that
           | sound credible at their level, and require higher level to
           | understand the deception. This does not happen accidentally;
           | it is constructed so on purpose. So the person with
           | elementary-school knowledge reads the statement that seems to
           | make sense from the elementary-school perspective (it does
           | not contradict anything taught at elementary school), but a
           | high-school students could see why it is completely wrong. So
           | the person can only conclude: "as far as I can understand, it
           | is correct... and there is this one guy saying that it is
           | wrong, but his arguments I can't understand". Similarly, you
           | target people with high-school knowledge with statements
           | involving undergraduate-level deception, etc.
           | 
           | This is for me the most frustrating part of debating smart
           | people who believe pseudoscience -- as far as they know (in
           | my bubble that typically means undergraduate level of math,
           | plus high-school level of everything else), the science often
           | checks out. Someone who graduated in given area will be
           | completely frustrated by hearing the "proof", because it
           | contradicts many known and well-tested things... but to
           | convince the person who is ignorant about it all (but is
           | completely willing to trust his own Dunning-Kruger syndrome
           | and Nassim Taleb's twitter over thousands of peer-reviewed
           | papers), you need to hunt for the subtle error in the
           | mathematical proof.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > The reason is that no one can become an expert scientist
             | in one day or even one year.
             | 
             | Indeed. However, basic media literacy training could help
             | people to differentiate between quacks (Alex Jones, un-
             | attributed opinions in social media share pics not grounded
             | in any scientific facts), actual experts but not in a
             | relevant field to a debate (e.g. a PhD in art history or
             | psychology in a debate about the infectiousness of
             | coronavirus), and actual experts (e.g. Christian Drosten,
             | one of the discoverers of the first SARS Coronavirus).
             | 
             | A bit of common sense in media entities such as newspapers
             | in TV stations - such as not giving quacks and non-relevant
             | experts airtime and having scientific expertise on-call -
             | would do the rest to further civilized debate.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | This is all well said, but I'd put a caveat here, science, by
         | it's empirical nature, is fuzzy.
         | 
         | What that means is that for nearly any generally accepted
         | position, you can find studies that invalidate that position.
         | 
         | This all comes into the need for looking into meta analysis
         | over single studies.
         | 
         | The perfect example of this is climate change. There are,
         | literally, thousands of studies supporting the notion that
         | human made climate change is real. However, there are 100s of
         | studies that call it into question.
         | 
         | That is where you can get 2 individuals saying "I'm following
         | the science" that talk past each other because each is clinging
         | onto the set of studies that confirm their beliefs.
         | 
         | Skepticism is fine, however, if you aren't challenging your own
         | position you aren't being a skeptic, you are simply using it as
         | a cover for what you want to believe. The example here is flat
         | earthers that would all describe themselves as "skeptics".
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | > _Science is anti-fragile. The harder you attack it, the
         | sturdier it becomes._
         | 
         | This is true for the subset of _" scientific professionals,
         | devoting significant amounts of time to their field"_. That's
         | not all of the public. That's not even all of most scientific
         | disciplines.
         | 
         | The scientific _method_ is perfect.
         | 
         | The scientific method _as practiced by fallible and irrational
         | humans_ is subject to starts and stops, groupthink and cargo
         | culting, and politics ad nauseam.
         | 
         | The even more common case of _" laypeople, with limited
         | technical background knowledge, devoting limited amounts of
         | time to understanding issues, who want to appear informed and
         | intelligent about issues"_ is significantly more fraught with
         | danger. And the source of most ineffective outcomes.
        
           | marivilla wrote:
           | >The scientific method is perfect.
           | 
           | >The scientific method as practiced by fallible and
           | irrational humans
           | 
           | This is giving me flashbacks to Catholic school :)
           | 
           | 'Christ is perfect, his earthly church is not. Because the
           | church consists of fallible human clergy and laity it is
           | vulnerable to corruption, ambition, lust, and politics, oh
           | the politics'
           | 
           | It's interesting to know that secular students get the same
           | arguments just in defense of scientism instead of
           | Christianity. All apologists sound alike.
           | 
           | Not a criticism, just interesting
        
             | beebmam wrote:
             | Metaphors/analogies aren't an argument, and if you find
             | them persuasive that's your problem
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | This isn't really a metaphor or an analogy. Modern
               | scientific leaders and religious leaders both act as
               | liaisons between the public and knowledge. Scientists
               | tend to produce a lot more useful knowledge, but the
               | issues faced by both are the same. It's obvious they both
               | end up developing similar patterns for resolving
               | communication issues.
               | 
               | The parent noticed this similarity because both are in
               | the same business.
        
               | marivilla wrote:
               | I said 'Not a criticism, just interesting' in the hopes
               | of emphasizing that I was making an observation, not an
               | argument.
               | 
               | Sorry I failed to communicate that more clearly!
               | 
               | That said, there is something to be said for
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy
        
               | ohwellhere wrote:
               | I view your observation as interesting and worth making,
               | and I also believe there's an implicit argument there
               | against that line of thinking.
               | 
               | The word "perfect" is problematic to me. It's ascribed to
               | God to contrast with man, as most of us would agree that
               | nothing we do is perfect. Using it implies the same
               | religious status of being above man's foibles.
               | 
               | I like the word "useful" here, or "anti-fragile" in the
               | original comment.
               | 
               | Further, I like defining context. Useful in what class of
               | problems? For I don't think the scientific method is
               | regarded as particularly useful in all domains.
               | Consciousness and the subjective are valid realms of
               | human experience worth dedicated inquiry, for which the
               | scientific method seems woefully lacking.
        
             | gengelbro wrote:
             | If you think of them as roughly interchangeable apparatuses
             | then it starts to make a whole lot of sense in my opinion.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | One is empirically based and the other is faith based, so
               | no, they aren't he same. The faith is based on beliefs in
               | something metaphysical like a supernatural realm, and on
               | value judgements (morality).
        
             | arrosenberg wrote:
             | The main difference being that scientists (are encouraged
             | to) update their model of the world as they gain new
             | information.
        
               | RattleyCooper wrote:
               | I'm not religious, but isn't that what priests are for?
               | Like to update the church's model of what's right/wrong
               | based on new information... just from god
        
               | bprieto wrote:
               | No, priest are for keeping the doctrine and serving as
               | bridges between the faithful and their god(s).
               | Theologians are the ones who update (or uphold) the
               | church system of belief.
        
               | RattleyCooper wrote:
               | Right, I guess the overall point being that religion has
               | a mechanism for change as well.
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | Only in the same sense that clothing has a mechanism for
               | change because fashion exists. Theologians have no way of
               | contacting their gods(s) or even knowing whether they
               | exist. Their opinions are not based on evidence.
        
               | wussboy wrote:
               | Sure they are, but in an evolutionary sense not in a
               | scientific sense. Countless theologians have said
               | countless things and most have gone in to the dustbin of
               | history. But the things that resonated or were useful
               | have remained.
               | 
               | Religion is the result of evolutionary processes and like
               | all evolutionary processes it changes slowly and is not
               | perfect. D.S. Wilson's Darwin's Cathedral is the go-to
               | book for this argument and contains a beautiful section
               | that goes like this:
               | 
               | We look at a bird's wing and marvel that it is so
               | wonderfully adapted for flying. But we do not scorn birds
               | for not being able to fly faster than the speed of sound.
               | Their wings never required that to be successful in their
               | evolutionary niches. Why do we look at religion which is
               | also a marvel of adaptation for helping humans live
               | together and get mad at it that it has not brought about
               | world peace? World peace or perfection were never
               | required for them to be successful in their evolutionary
               | niches.
        
               | Kranar wrote:
               | Your use of the word encouraged is doing a lot of heavy
               | lifting. In the abstract, sure, scientists are
               | "encouraged" by some platonic ideal. In reality,
               | scientists are not encouraged by other scientists to
               | update their model based on new information and there is
               | a great deal of resistance in many scientific fields to
               | gain such information or even what constitutes new
               | information.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | That's pretty much why I added it! I've known a lot of
               | scientists who fall in love with their research a bit too
               | much, and some of our most important scientists have been
               | pious Christian monks and Muslim scholars.
               | 
               | My point is that the central dogma of science is to be
               | skeptical of existing thought and to update the model.
               | The central dogma of most religions is to preserve
               | tradition and be skeptical of challenges to existing
               | thought.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | One of the most important things Einstein did was to
               | _not_ immediately update his model based on the new
               | quantum mechanics and to attack it as strongly as he
               | could.
               | 
               | An inherent conservatism avoids a lot of weird, faddish
               | behavior.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Well, bewaring human institutions is a universal lesson
             | that more institutions should teach. That you got that
             | lesson there only means that you got at least one good
             | teacher.
             | 
             | That said, religion is based on the idea of worshiping a
             | core idea, that shouldn't be contested, while science is
             | based on the idea of contesting your core ideas, and never
             | accepting pure belief. They are similar on the way that
             | opposite things always have some similarity.
             | 
             | (Anyway, "the scientific method is perfect" is a very bad
             | misquote of the OP. Believing your method is perfect is
             | anti-scientific, you should be always on the hunt for a
             | better method.)
        
               | marivilla wrote:
               | >"the scientific method is perfect" is a very bad
               | misquote of the OP
               | 
               | :o
               | 
               | It's not a misquote, the comment I replied to really said
               | that!
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | It's not your misquote.
               | 
               | But the original is "the scientific method is anti-
               | fragile, The harder you attack it, the sturdier it
               | becomes." The comment you replied to threw a lot of
               | nuance away when it was replaced by "perfect", and you
               | threw the context that kept it reasonable away when you
               | decided to compare with a similar phrase from anpother
               | context. So, you both together made a misquote.
        
             | IIAOPSW wrote:
             | All organizations are superficially similar in the sense
             | that they are all organizations.
        
             | spoonjim wrote:
             | Is Christ perfect though? Didn't he fuck up a fig tree just
             | for not having figs at that very moment? Mark 11, starting
             | at verse 12:
             | 
             | https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2011-12&v
             | e...
        
               | undershirt wrote:
               | Everything in the Bible points to something else. The fig
               | tree mainly points to Revelation, wherein all people not
               | bearing "fruit" in the "season" of the apocalypse, when
               | He is "hungry" only for the righteous, will be judged to
               | "wither away".
               | 
               | We build stuff out of trees, so I think he straight-up
               | killed that tree to build a parable out of doing it. It
               | was in his sovereignty to uproot what isn't Good. In the
               | very next paragraph, he does the same by throwing the
               | merchants out of the temple.
               | 
               | His response to his apostles after they mention the dead
               | tree is interesting. It seems like he ignores them to
               | explain that if they pray about anything, it will happen
               | if they believe it. I think this has something to do with
               | 1) the role of faith in avoiding the tree's fate so that
               | they may be bear the fruit no matter how impossible it
               | seems since it was "not the season for bearing fruit", or
               | 2) a picture of the reality of the Kingdom after the
               | harvest, where the Good will have reign to move
               | mountains.
               | 
               | Proofs blossom like trees from epistemic axioms. It's
               | confounding to believe "Christ is perfect", but it does
               | bear fruit, however confounding it is. Theology isn't
               | popularly known, but it's there if you're curious.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rytcio wrote:
               | Generally the fig tree in the Bible represents Israel.
               | Jesus cursing the fig tree falls in line with Israel's
               | long history of apostasy.
               | 
               | What it probably was is a representation of one of Jesus'
               | goals for his time here. The Israelites were being their
               | usual disobedient selves as they always have been.
               | Instead, the job of spreading the gospel has been
               | relegated to the gentiles, since the Israelites were not
               | producing fruit...ie spreading the gospel, following the
               | law, etc.
               | 
               | At the present time, AD, we are in the age of the
               | church...where the gentiles are the ones working. Israel
               | won't be back to being the focus until sometime in the
               | future. Thus that situation could be an allegory for what
               | was going to happen.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | That would be the Christian interpretation. I'm guessing
               | the Jewish one is a little different. What Jesus actually
               | believed on the matter (or whether it was relevant to
               | him) is unknown. Paul thought this way. Whether Peter and
               | James thought the same way back in Jerusalem is also
               | unknown. It is known that the second century Jewish
               | Christians called the Ebionities did not view Paul
               | favorably. But the proto-orthodox believed Paul was
               | legitimate, and they won out, in part because converting
               | gentiles meant a lot more followers.
        
               | rytcio wrote:
               | Right. Paul was the one who wrote about how gentiles were
               | grafted into the family with the Jews. The Jews don't
               | believe that Jesus is the messiah, and I don't even think
               | they consider Him a prophet either. So they probably
               | don't have an opinion on it, not to mention they don't
               | follow the New Testament
        
               | marivilla wrote:
               | I'm not Catholic, but I think a better question to get
               | from that analogy would be
               | 
               | >Is the scientific method perfect though? Isn't it the
               | result of the _same_ fallible human minds that make it 's
               | implementation inherently flawed as well?
               | 
               | Maybe the scientific method is not perfect, but itself is
               | still open to improvement in fundamental ways. This is
               | more interesting to me than debates about ancient Judaean
               | fig tree parables.
               | 
               | But in case you're curious!
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursing_the_fig_tree
        
               | antognini wrote:
               | I remember going to a talk once by the Bishop of Columbus
               | about the Gospels. Someone asked him what he thought the
               | hardest passage of the Bible to interpret was and he
               | responded with this one.
        
               | spoonjim wrote:
               | No surprise... I can't think of a more profoundly un-
               | chill reaction to a fig tree not being in season. Wonder
               | why anyone trying to make Jesus look good would even
               | write it down.
        
               | antognini wrote:
               | This is related to the "Principle of Embarrassment" in
               | hermeneutics. The idea is that "embarrassing" or
               | inconvenient stories are more likely to have been true
               | because there is no reason for someone to have made them
               | up since they seem to conflict with the broader
               | narrative, or at least complicate it.
               | 
               | Another example is the discovery of the empty tomb by
               | Mary Magdalene and possibly some other women. At the time
               | women were considered to be more untrustworthy, so the
               | argument was that if the story was fabricated, surely the
               | author would have decided to make the empty tomb
               | discovered by a group of men since it would have been
               | viewed by contemporary readers that this (already
               | implausible) story was coming from a more trustworthy
               | source.
               | 
               | Of course, the most prominent example is the crucifixion
               | itself, since crucifixion was reserved for traitors and
               | the lowest criminals. If you're trying to argue that this
               | man was the Son of God, why write a story in which at the
               | climax he is executed as a despised criminal?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion_of_embarrassment
        
               | salemh wrote:
               | Commentary by the church - the Eastern Orthodox Church,
               | which canonized the bible - is the only coherent ideology
               | which hasn't innovated in dogmas and reconciles all the
               | 'hard' scriptures Old and New.
               | 
               | Individual interpretations outside of a conciliar
               | approach to Christianity (which started in the Book of
               | Acts with the Counsel of Jerusalem, and continued into
               | the Ecumenical Councils) has never resulted in anything
               | but sectarianism and confusion.
               | 
               | At least from a perspective of consistency, readers may
               | be interested in the perspective of conciliar, dogmatic
               | foundations which cannot be changed in the Eastern
               | Orthodox Church.
               | 
               | As regards for Mark 11: https://catenabible.com/mk/11
               | This website provides a range of commentaries which one
               | can choose the earliest Church Fathers. However, blessed
               | Theophylact is the most accessible commentary, largely
               | based on St John Chrysostom, which is a harder read due
               | to depth and language.
               | 
               | Cyril of Jerusalem AD 386 Remember at the time of the sin
               | of Adam and Eve they clothed themselves--with what? Fig
               | leaves. That was their first act after the fall. So now
               | Jesus is making the same figure of the fig tree the very
               | last of his wondrous signs. Just as he was headed toward
               | the cross, he cursed the fig tree--not every fig tree,
               | but that one alone for its symbolic significance--saying:
               | "May no one ever eat fruit of you again." In this way the
               | curse laid upon Adam and Eve was being reversed. For they
               | had clothed themselves with fig leaves.
               | 
               | St John Chrysostom:
               | https://catenabible.com/com/5735de63ec4bd7c9723b9c17
               | 
               | Eastern Orthodox history of the canonization of
               | scripture:
               | http://orthodoxinfo.com/inquirers/ntcanon_emergence.aspx
        
           | drbojingle wrote:
           | If the scientific method is so perfect why does it fail when
           | used by imperfect operators
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | Does it? You are making an assertion without any facts.
             | 
             | The method itself is simple. It is agnostic to bad faith
             | implementations, to bad measurements, to completely
             | fallacious conclusions, etc. It is intended to be
             | iterative; individual errors wash out in time with enough
             | new experiments.
             | 
             | What non-scientists learn from secondary or tertiary
             | sources is irrelevant -- those misunderstandings do not
             | mean the Method "failed".
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Meh, the scientific method is akin to "agile" in software
               | development.
               | 
               | It's good principles but really is less a method and more
               | guiding principles.
               | 
               | That is the good and the bad of the scientific method.
               | Implementing any one of the steps poorly and you've got
               | crap studies which technically followed the scientific
               | method but are ultimately "unscientific".
               | 
               | You get into the same sorts of arguments as a result.
               | "Agile is pefect, but scrum sucks" "The scientific method
               | is perfect, but nutrition survey studies suck".
               | 
               | The part that the scientific method lacks is determining
               | what a good implementation looks like.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | > The part that the scientific method lacks is
               | determining what a good implementation looks like.
               | 
               | That seems like a feature, not a bug, to me. Descriptions
               | of good implementations are likely subjective and vary
               | based on what is being tested. It may even change over
               | time as human knowledge improves.
        
             | q-big wrote:
             | > If the scientific method is so perfect why does it fail
             | when used by imperfect operators
             | 
             | The scientific method is not perfect, but the best method
             | that we currently have.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | The scientific method cannot be separated from the humans
           | that practice it. It doesn't have some separate existence as
           | a platonic ideal.
           | 
           | Ideas like these must be judged based on their actual real
           | world performance, and not on the lofty promises of the
           | ideologues that promote the ideas.
           | 
           | Luckily science doesn't require perfectly rational
           | practitioners. It still works even if practiced human beings.
        
           | devilduck wrote:
           | Calling it perfect is absurd and makes me skeptical of your
           | understanding :)
        
           | LocalH wrote:
           | >The scientific method is perfect.
           | 
           | Nonsense. _Nothing_ is perfect, especially nothing ever
           | created by a human. The scientific method is the best we have
           | developed, in my opinion, but it 's not perfect. The
           | scientific method itself was developed by "fallible and
           | irrational humans". Even with the best of intentions and the
           | utmost in effort, all humans are susceptible to fallibility
           | and irrationality. You are, I am, _everyone_ is.
        
             | rcoveson wrote:
             | The word/concept "perfect" was "developed" by "fallible and
             | irrational humans" as well, so we do have the authority to
             | apply it.
             | 
             | The 3/4/5 right triangle is perfect. The perfect fifth in
             | music is (tautologically) perfect. "p or not p" is perfect.
             | Perhaps none of these things can be reproduced in the
             | physical world in a perfect manner, but the concepts really
             | are perfect. Anything in idea-space can in fact be perfect,
             | and the scientific method lives in idea-space.
             | 
             | In the realm of perfection, there isn't really any
             | difference between "developing" something and "discovering"
             | it. Did we "develop" the scientific method or "discover"
             | it? I think that's a meaningless distinction. It's the loop
             | that describes how inductive reasoning is applied by
             | limited observers to a structured universe. People were
             | doing it before it was "developed".
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | This is confusing models with reality. It is the
               | application of any specific model to reality that is not
               | perfect.
        
               | rcoveson wrote:
               | Yes, one might say:
               | 
               | > Perhaps none of these things can be reproduced in the
               | physical world in a perfect manner, but the concepts
               | really are perfect.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | Yep, and you can add in a worse case still which is "people
           | with enough background knowledge to _sound_ like they know
           | something, who have a particular motivation for wanting a
           | particular scientific theory to be incorrect, who will never,
           | ever admit to error " taking up the mantle of scepticism
           | about current scientific theory.
           | 
           | In the "marketplace of ideas" practising the scientific
           | method isn't antifragile in the face of such reckless
           | certainty, it's downright fragile, because it's requires
           | being the only side of the argument which will admit that its
           | hypotheses aren't proven and some of its previous theories
           | were wrong. Worse still, when the motivated sceptic has their
           | "stopped clock" moment, practising the scientific method
           | requires conceding they are right. The more science you
           | practice, the more the opponent gets to point to the stuff
           | you've conceded wasn't quite as expected.
           | 
           | Science might become sturdier in terms of _better theory_ in
           | response to attacks (where said attacks are accompanied by
           | experimentation) but it 's more vulnerable to losing trust
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | The scientific method is a human invention. It is not
           | 'perfect'. This is ridiculous religious dogmatism.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | > If anything destroys science
         | 
         | Nothing destroy science, people can always opt to not believing
         | in science, sometimes to their own peril.
         | 
         | > accept it on faith
         | 
         | I accept GNU/Linux on faith, having not analyzed its (public)
         | code or build, because I trust that other people have done
         | their best. And science is honestly an even easier decision.
        
           | angelzen wrote:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/533452a
           | 
           | > More than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to
           | reproduce another scientist's experiments, and more than half
           | have failed to reproduce their own experiments. Those are
           | some of the telling figures that emerged from Nature's survey
           | of 1,576 researchers who took a brief online questionnaire on
           | reproducibility in research.
           | 
           | If 70% the GNU/Linux installations failed to boot, are you
           | sure you'd take it on faith?
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | " _"It 's healthy that people are aware of the issues and
             | open to a range of straightforward ways to improve them,"
             | says Munafo. And given that these ideas are being widely
             | discussed, even in mainstream media, tackling the
             | initiative now may be crucial. "If we don't act on this,
             | then the moment will pass, and people will get tired of
             | being told that they need to do something."_"
        
             | Aperocky wrote:
             | If you installed ALL packages from npm, yum or pip, I
             | wouldn't be surprised if 70% contains significant bugs or
             | won't even start. Afterall, I published like 5 of them out
             | of about 2 weeks worth of work and never looked at them
             | again.
             | 
             | But it's not that 70% that matters, it's the stable branch
             | OS that you're running. It's the science that has been
             | there for decades, that is the backbone of that faith.
        
         | simorley wrote:
         | > The only time it really stops working is if people start
         | treating it as doctrine, and demanding that you accept it on
         | faith, and take any questions as evidence that you are an enemy
         | of science. If anything destroys science, it is this line of
         | reasoning.
         | 
         | Agreed with everything you wrote. We should be especially
         | vigilant when politics/media gets involved in science. Science
         | is just as corruptable, especially in the short term, as any
         | other field.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piltdown_Man
         | 
         | The more obvious example being the purging of "jewish science"
         | from germany during ww2.
        
         | loudmax wrote:
         | Skepticism is indeed healthy, but beware of selective
         | skepticism. Humans have a tendency trust people that they like
         | or who make them feel good about themselves, and distrust
         | people they don't like or who challenge assumptions they'd
         | rather hold onto. So yes you should be skeptical, but you do
         | need to keep yourself grounded.
         | 
         | How are you to convince a flat-Earther that the world is round?
         | You can show photos of Earth taken from the moon, but clearly
         | you have to trust NASA. You can show global flight traffic
         | patterns that only make sense if the Earth is a sphere, but
         | then you have to trust the FAA or wherever you're getting the
         | airline data. You can dig up whatever evidence you want but at
         | some point you'll need them to relinquish their skepticism and
         | accept that these institutions are not part of a vast
         | conspiracy to hide the shape of the Earth. Now apply that to
         | vaccines, climate change, election results, economic theory and
         | everything else that matters.
         | 
         | Institutions are imperfect. They have their own agendas and
         | sometimes they happen to be wrong, and sometimes they flat out
         | lie. If you only trust people that you like, you're liable to
         | fall prey to charismatic charlatans. If you demand absolute
         | certainty, you'll never get past a bedrock reality of cogito
         | ergo sum. You have to make some sort of reasonable balance
         | between trust and skepticism and accept that sometimes you'll
         | be wrong.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | forgotmypw17 wrote:
           | You're correct that institutions are imperfect, just like
           | individuals...
           | 
           | But there is another factor here: trustworthiness or
           | credibility.
           | 
           | If an institution or an individual is caught more than once
           | being dishonest, putting their agenda above the truth, etc.,
           | should they be trusted again, or should anything they say or
           | do be treated as a curiosity and thought experiment at best,
           | until it is agreed with by someone credible and trustworthy?
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Skepticism requires discipline to actually look at the outcomes
         | of exploring that skepticism and reevaluating.
         | 
         | Sadly I see a lot of skepticism expressed that I think is just
         | driving to a result people already believe.
        
         | iechoz6H wrote:
         | As Wittgenstein notes in On Certainty 'A doubt without an end
         | is not even a doubt.' Bad faith scepticism is of this order, no
         | amount of evidence will convince such sceptics. Science doesn't
         | become 'harder' in the face of the this kind of scepticism, it
         | becomes irrelevant.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Why must skeptics be convinced? It is perfectly okay to live
           | in doubt, ask Pyrrho.
        
         | Viliam1234 wrote:
         | Problem is that science is sometimes expensive. Math usually is
         | not, but physics sometimes requires building huge machines, and
         | psychology requires giving questionnaires to thousands of
         | people. You can check the logic of the study, but unless you
         | have lots of money, you need to trust the data.
         | 
         | If we no longer can trust the data, and don't have money to
         | gather our own data... well, yes, then the only option is to
         | admit that we don't know.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | One thing Heather Heying talks about with some frequency is
           | the bias in science towards "Big Science", that is, expensive
           | science with complicated studies and huge funding
           | requirements and expensive machinery. These are the things
           | our scientific institutions prioritize and highlight.
           | 
           | Science can be much cheaper, but nobody's interested in cheap
           | science if it doesn't advance their careers.
           | 
           | It's similar to how NASA was obsessed with putting people
           | into space for a long time. That's basically adding a
           | gigantic expense to the exploration of space. When they
           | decided to stop all that shit and use robots and probes and
           | leave the human out of it, the science of exploring space
           | became much cheaper (relatively) and we got far more out of
           | it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | brandonmenc wrote:
       | Science can't answer questions like:
       | 
       | "Is it OK to curb freedoms and force medical procedures in order
       | to save a million people?"
       | 
       | "Trust the science" people either think we all agree on those
       | questions or they believe that their positions are the correct
       | ones.
       | 
       | Also, "trust the science" used to mean things like "electroshock
       | your abnormally behaving child." It's hard to fault people for a
       | lack of trust.
        
         | hnaccount141 wrote:
         | This is critical. Public policy cannot and should not be based
         | purely on science. Science can give us hints as to how me might
         | be able to optimize for certain things, but it can't tell us
         | what things to optimize for. That's a question of values.
        
           | brandonmenc wrote:
           | Unfortunately, the enforced values are being dictated by
           | technocrats who subscribe to scientism and utilitarianism and
           | value "safety" above everything else.
        
       | helen___keller wrote:
       | From a meta point of view, it's a bit wild to be living in a
       | point of history where people actively debate where our trusted
       | source of truth should exist.
       | 
       | For most of human history you didn't get many options. Before the
       | printing press, King and God were the roots of trust and truth,
       | because churches and states were the only ones with the power to
       | disseminate information reliably on a regional, national, or
       | global scale.
       | 
       | The printing press added newspapers as potential roots of trust.
       | Then radio stations. Then TV stations. Still, with limited papers
       | and channels, and large barriers to entry, institutions arose and
       | the status quo was not too much changed.
       | 
       | Now we have an eruption of information as anybody can create a
       | massive following for any idea with sufficient effort. The
       | implications of this have yet to be realized.
       | 
       | One thing is for sure: You can't really trust the science.
       | Definitely not the media. And certainly not whoever you follow on
       | Youtube, the links you see on HN/Reddit, or the posts shared on
       | Facebook. It's hard to say you can know anything for sure these
       | days.
        
       | cde-v wrote:
       | Because simple supply and demand rules apply. If there is a
       | demand for corrupted scientific studies there will be a supply.
        
       | sega_sai wrote:
       | I am a scientist myself (obviously in one narrow field) and my
       | approach to trusting the science is that unless I can myself
       | evaluate the evidence, data, analyses, I'll trust the scientific
       | consensus. I will not necessarily trust single papers, as people
       | may make mistakes, be dishonest etc. Obviously the scientific
       | consensus may also turn out to be wrong (it happened before), but
       | realistically it's unlikely that I'll have unique knowledge to
       | find this out myself not being expert, so 'trusting' the
       | consensus is my approach.
       | 
       | Also in rare cases where I can actually read and understand the
       | paper outside of my field that may or may not increase or
       | decrease the belief in its correctness. Realistically outside my
       | field of expertise I'll be only able to see things like dodgy
       | statistical methods, small number statistics, crappy plots which
       | are clues of untrustworthy results, but not proofs.
        
         | bwanab wrote:
         | I wish I could upvote this enough times to get it to the top.
         | This is the rational approach to any system of belief in which
         | you yourself can't reliably confirm or disprove the
         | conclusions.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Step 1: Be a scientist.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Any health related science is fraught because it is usually
       | unethical to run the actual causal experiments. E.g. put people
       | in closed rooms with various types of masks, release covid virus
       | in the air, measure death rate, etc.
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | "Trust the Science" is pretty much just a dog whistle to call for
       | censorship through "fact checkers", which deliver checked facts
       | such as "Covid-19 did not leak from a laboratory" in early 2020.
       | 
       | That even people with Ph.D.s fall for this just shows that we, as
       | humans, really like a simpler world, a world with known facts and
       | truths, where you don't have to check things because someone else
       | already did it for you. However, this is not the world we live
       | in. The world we live in is complex, messy, almost entirely made
       | out of shades and very little black and white. Most things are
       | not known and won't be known. People telling and selling you
       | things as fact are invariably acting on agendas. Scientific
       | consensus is not a fixed thing, and concerning many questions it
       | is not a thing at all. The closest thing you can do is "trusting
       | the scientific method", but that is very, very different from
       | what "Trust the Science" means.
        
         | depaya wrote:
         | A credible fact check would not state "Covid-19 did not leak
         | from a laboratory" - it would state "There is no evidence that
         | shows Covid-19 leaked from a laboratory." Back in early 2020
         | the "evidence" to which people were pointing was the fact that
         | there was a lab researching coronavirus in Wuhan, and...
         | general conspiracy nonsense.
         | 
         | If over time actual evidence emerges that there was a potential
         | lab leak, that doesn't in any way vindicate people making
         | baseless claims early in the pandemic.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | There are several issues with this argument. It's making a
           | statement about hypothetical Credible Fact Checks instead of
           | the fact checks that actually exists or that _can_ exist (the
           | "no true scotsman" fallacy). As far as contents go, in early
           | 2020 the Fact Checked story was that there's a wetmarket
           | selling bats and pangolins, which the Chinese eat, which is
           | where it came from. Similarly, the evidence for a lab leak
           | was that the ground zero is close to the lab, the lab handles
           | SARS coronaviruses and it performs GoF research on them in a
           | facility with a Bio-Safety Level (BSL) that's not quite right
           | for that work. This theory was generally conflated with the
           | "the virus was engineered at a secret Chinese bioweapons lab"
           | theory. Fact Checks asserted this was false and people
           | talking about it got banned. Later it became clear that the
           | wetmarket didn't handle either bats not pangolins and The
           | Chinese don't usually eat bats around there.
        
           | dionidium wrote:
           | > _" There is no evidence that shows Covid-19 leaked from a
           | laboratory."_
           | 
           | But this, too, is complicated, because despite what people
           | say on Twitter, as humans we actually can reason from first
           | principles, assign probabilities, and discount or promote
           | less or more likely explanations -- especially when hard
           | evidence isn't forthcoming.
           | 
           | When there's "no evidence" for something, that doesn't mean
           | all explanations are equally likely.
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | Again the problem was the convolution of "lab leak"
           | incorrectly meaning "lab made and leaked" exclusively which
           | is different to poor quality control of wild specimens held
           | on site...
        
           | MichaelDickens wrote:
           | > Back in early 2020 the "evidence" to which people were
           | pointing was the fact that there was a lab researching
           | coronavirus in Wuhan
           | 
           | This absolutely qualifies as evidence. If there were no such
           | lab, that would pretty much conclusively rule out the lab
           | leak hypothesis, right? If observation X is evidence against
           | a hypothesis, then observation not-X must be evidence in
           | favor. We could debate about how _strong_ this evidence is,
           | but it 's definitely evidence.
        
             | hairofadog wrote:
             | With respect, I don't think that's true. Consider:
             | 
             | If MichaelDickens did not exist, it would rule out his
             | having robbed the bank. However, MichaelDickens exists, and
             | therefore it is evidence, however weak, that he robbed the
             | bank.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | If MichaelDickens, the bank robber, were as rare and as
               | close to the bank robbery as the a lab researching
               | coronavirus in Wuhan was to the earliest part of the
               | outbreak, you'd be goofy if you didn't talk to him first.
        
         | drdeadringer wrote:
         | What science should we not be trusting?
         | 
         | All of it? Some things and not others? Which things? Which
         | others? Do I take your word for it? Do I not take your word for
         | it? Do you see how I've watched 'Reading Rainbow' in
         | questioning you like this?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > we, as humans, really like a simpler world
         | 
         | It isn't that we "like" a simpler world, it's that we _need_ a
         | simpler world. We have to feed ourselves and keep a roof over
         | our heads, therefore we don 't have time to become independent
         | experts on every subject. Even worse, because of Dunning-
         | Kreuger, we often find ourselves with the strongest opinions on
         | the things we don't realize we understand the least about.
         | 
         | And because of the particular set of values we've decided to
         | define as the core of our society and as the motivators of all
         | useful progress, we demand that everyone become a predator.
         | Every source of information is actively trying to deceive you
         | in order to make more money. This is what we can't survive. We
         | did not evolve to constantly deal within an environment filled
         | with trickery, with people engineering their communications
         | with you to exploit your ignorance and desire to trust.
         | 
         | "Trust the Science" is just another way to say "trust us."
         | "Trust us" worked (at least in the US) on white guys, if not
         | anyone else (and it didn't matter whether anyone else bought
         | into it.) It's not working on them any more, because white guys
         | have gradually lost position while going in and out of cycles
         | of trust in authority. And because the institutions are filled
         | with predators working purely looking out for themselves, with
         | no overarching ideals. At least the protection of white men (or
         | judeo-christian western states' rights civilization, or
         | whatever euphemism is current) is a value, and offers stability
         | compared to the solipsistic _nothing_ offered by pure
         | liberalism.
         | 
         | White guys have come to the conclusion that institutions aren't
         | working for them anymore, even though it's really only their
         | working class that has lost material ground; their managers and
         | and millionaire gentry are upset because they've lost the
         | _respect_ they were used to. This is where everyone else
         | already was - others never believed that institutions were
         | working for them.
         | 
         | The only people left to "trust the science" are the
         | professionals who create it, and who have mates, children and
         | parents who create it. "Trusting the science" is the best
         | indicator that you're upper-middle class that there is. It's
         | the conservative position of comfortable people who only trust
         | institutions because they populate them. Either 1) their trust
         | lives in a strange Gell-Mann amnesia bubble where they know
         | that their own workplaces are corrupt, and they know their own
         | employment is to come up with and execute strategies to deceive
         | people, but somehow think that other institutions are
         | different, or 2) they've decided that since they're good
         | people, the things that they are doing must be good.
         | 
         | They keep airing a particular commercial about covid
         | vaccination where they keep cutting between random doctors who
         | repeat "trust us" over and over again like a hypnotic mantra. I
         | don't know anyone who trusts doctors. Right now, the people in
         | charge are the people who do; they trust doctors like white
         | townies from sundown towns and segregated cities love cops.
         | They identify with them. They don't trust because of their
         | independent research into the validity of the scientific
         | consensus, they trust because of their cultural and class
         | affinity. They trust because they want to be doctors, or marry
         | doctors, or could imagine their kids growing up to be doctors.
         | 
         | People who see that as out of reach, don't.
         | 
         | Sorry for rambling on. It's just that the alternative to
         | "trusting the science" is no good either. It's tribalism all
         | the way down, and for you too, because you're eventually going
         | to have to trust someone.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | " _It is not quite sufficient, in answering this question, to
       | point to a near-consensus on the part of the scientific
       | community, thus in effect arguing that science is what the vast
       | majority of scientists say it is. If this is largely how the
       | argument does indeed function in the cases of debates about the
       | safety of vaccines or the causes of global warming, we should
       | nonetheless be aware of its flaws._ "
       | 
       | "If an elderly, respected scientist tells you something is
       | possible, he is very likely right. If he tells you something is
       | impossible, he is likely wrong." --- An old SF fandom saying.
       | 
       | If a ginormous herd of scientists tell you something, possible or
       | impossible, they may not be right but that is the way you want to
       | place your bets.
       | 
       | [Edit]
       | 
       | " _But there are broad guidelines that could help. We might
       | insist, for example, that those wishing to challenge the
       | scientific consensus do their homework, demonstrating a competent
       | (but not necessarily expert) understanding of the theories and
       | empirical data they wish to displace. We might require that they
       | have reasonable arguments concerning the theory or data's flaws
       | that do not presuppose, as some anti-vaccine arguments do, the
       | existence of a large-scale conspiracy to distort the truth. And
       | we would be well within our rights to demand that they argue in
       | good faith and not -- as historians of science Naomi Oreskes and
       | Erik Conway have shown for many climate change denialists -- as
       | professional water-muddiers, following a playbook first written
       | by cigarette companies attempting to obfuscate a known connection
       | between smoking and cancer._ "
       | 
       | Ooh, I like that.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Half of nutrition science is completely bogus. Just look at
       | what's in the supermarkets today.
       | 
       | From there, it's difficult to have any trust in science at all. I
       | can't blame people.
        
       | bastardoperator wrote:
       | I don't trust science, I trust facts, testing, measurements and
       | data which is what the scientific methods relies on to make
       | assertions.
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | sadly its not easy to digest every fact, testings, measurements
         | and data. And many experiments takes either too much time,
         | money or resource and at the end it might just be easy to
         | accept other theories?
        
       | tenaciousDaniel wrote:
       | You don't need to dig into philosophy and start talking about
       | Karl Popper in order to explain the problem with "trusting the
       | science".
       | 
       | Science is and will always be our best shot at being correct
       | about the universe, but it's performed by imperfect humans.
       | There's very little we can know for certain, so we have to pick
       | our poison - either trust strangers who claim to have done their
       | research, or trust our own fallible instincts.
       | 
       | I don't think there's a single correct answer to that question,
       | but don't pretend like you're not choosing a poison. These "I
       | believe in science" mantras are no more scientific than any other
       | attitude.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | I don't understand why you think your instincts would be just
         | as valid an option? I mean if you're accepting people can be
         | wrong then assuming you're more correct than large numbers of
         | other people trying to find the truth seems obviously flawed.
         | 
         | Sure science is flawed, but we don't have a better option to
         | fall back to. Consider people strongly objected to seatbelts
         | and we still need to promote their use. Trusting your instincts
         | means wallowing in exactly that kind of ignorance.
         | 
         | Edited: before comments.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | It's an interesting question. If those "large numbers of
           | other people" were also following their own intuitions, you
           | would have a strong point. However, if that large number of
           | others was simply exhibiting groupthink, it significantly
           | weakens your counterargument.
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | We need both people who trust experts above their instincts
           | and instincts above the experts. And since we need both you
           | need to consider both behaviours just as valid.
           | 
           | The problem with experts is that often they became experts by
           | just trusting other experts, and going back the chain a bit
           | all of that was just based on a single persons opinion a
           | century ago.
        
           | tenaciousDaniel wrote:
           | I don't think your comment addresses what I actually said. I
           | wrote that I don't think there's a single correct answer to
           | the question of "trust the experts or my own instinct" that
           | applies to all situations. Your example about seatbelts is
           | simply an example of a scenario in which you would likely
           | want to defer to expert opinion.
           | 
           | edit: Also, the case of seatbelts vs no-seatbelts is a fairly
           | easy example, because the evidence is readily available
           | through life experience. I think most people know someone who
           | was injured or killed by not wearing one (I knew a few). So
           | you don't even _need_ to refer to an expert opinion to make
           | that call.
        
       | BitwiseFool wrote:
       | I can't help but think the myopic way of arguing a position based
       | on lobbing citations at each-other has contributed to this.
       | _Just_ because a study supports your position does not mean  "The
       | Science" is on your side, it literally just means a study was
       | performed that reached the conclusion(s) you already wanted to
       | support. The citation is trotted out without any of the meta that
       | goes into actually analyzing the validity and significance of the
       | studies themselves.
        
       | testfoobar wrote:
       | In general to the lay person "Trust The Science" translates into
       | trust the experts and authorities. Authorities do not always have
       | your best interest at heart.
       | 
       | "Trust the Science" coming out of the mouths of politicians is
       | especially questionable. Politicians are not known to make
       | scientifically sound decisions.
        
       | DanielBMarkham wrote:
       | > However, as Michael Gordin, professor of the history of science
       | at Princeton University, notes early on in his lively and
       | thought-provoking survey of multiple dodgy and perhaps-not-as-
       | dodgy-as-you-thought scientific areas, falsification invariably
       | fails almost before it starts. How do you know that you've
       | actually falsified a theory? Is getting a weird, unexpected
       | result enough?
       | 
       | I blogged about this thing a few months ago. We misunderstand
       | Popper. Hell, Popper probably misunderstood his own ideas.
       | Falsifiability works precisely _because_ it 's imprecise. It's
       | not a bug, it's a feature.
       | 
       | For more depth, obligatory link:
       | https://danielbmarkham.com/negatives-stack-positives-dont-a-...
        
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