[HN Gopher] Dopamine, Smartphones and You: A battle for your time
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Dopamine, Smartphones and You: A battle for your time
        
       Author : dsnr
       Score  : 244 points
       Date   : 2021-10-13 09:44 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sitn.hms.harvard.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sitn.hms.harvard.edu)
        
       | nobody0 wrote:
       | "The king is surrounded by persons whose only thought is to
       | divert the king, and to prevent his thinking of self. For he is
       | unhappy, king though he be, if he think of himself.
       | 
       | This is all that men have been able to make themselves happy. And
       | those who philosophize on the matter, and who think men
       | unreasonable for spending a whole day in chasing a hare which
       | they would not have bought, scarce know our nature. The hare in
       | itself would not screen us from the sight of death and
       | calamities; but the chase which turns away our attention from
       | these, does screen us." (Pensees, Blaise Pascal)
        
       | qq4 wrote:
       | About the only thing I find addicting on my phone is checking the
       | weather everyday. My working hypothesis is that many people want
       | to waste (or spend, call it what you want) their time on their
       | devices, so they install applications that will help them do so.
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | Hearing ignorant computer science people talking about "dopamine"
       | is just as bad as hearing people call their computer monitor
       | their PC. It's wrong and it leads to bad conclusions.
       | 
       | > smartphones and the social media platforms they support are
       | turning us into bona fide addicts. While it's easy to dismiss
       | this claim as hyperbole, platforms like Facebook, Snapchat, and
       | Instagram leverage the very same neural circuitry used by slot
       | machines and cocaine to keep us using their products as much as
       | possible.
       | 
       | This _is_ hyperbole and it 's not wrong at the same time. You
       | know what else uses the very same neural circuitry as used by
       | slot machines and cocaine? Reading a boook. Talking a walk.
       | Petting your dog. Existing.
       | 
       | Dopaminergic populations of cells existing in a dozen different
       | functional populations among the brain and project nearly
       | everywhere. And if they're trying to claim that reward prediction
       | circuitry is 'hijacked' they're going to need to show some
       | evidence. Cocaine _hijacks_ the brains reward prediction
       | circuitry by directly acting on the dopamine re-uptake proteins.
       | There is nothing intrinsically addicting or anything at all that
       | can  "hijack" the reward prediction circuitry in a smartphone
       | screen. It is simply another stimuli filtered through your normal
       | senses going the normal routes. It is _NOT_ hijacking anything.
       | 
       | Tech bros need to stop talking about neuroscience like they
       | understand it. For the most part, they don't and it leads to
       | embarassing and dangerous claims like this article makes.
        
         | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
         | > It is simply another stimuli filtered through your normal
         | senses going the normal routes.
         | 
         | So is this:
         | 
         | https://www.thoughtco.com/the-giant-jewel-beetle-1968152
        
         | selfhoster11 wrote:
         | > You know what else uses the very same neural circuitry as
         | used by slot machines and cocaine? Reading a boook. Talking a
         | walk. Petting your dog. Existing.
         | 
         | And yet people will prefer slot machines, cocaine, and to some
         | extent social media once they get addicted. Does that not
         | indicate that while they use the same pathways, they do so in a
         | much stronger way?
        
         | nostrebored wrote:
         | https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Trevor...
         | 
         | Trevor has multiple articles attributed partially to him while
         | affiliated with Harvard Medical School?
        
           | Freak_NL wrote:
           | Yes he does. The answer is right there in that link.
        
             | joeberon wrote:
             | You were supposed to read it as if the question mark was
             | not there. It was a "question mark of incredulity and
             | disbelief" not a "question mark of question".
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | Could you expand on how slot machines are different than social
         | media on brain systems? I think you've got a good definitional
         | point, and I roll my eyes whenever the word dopamine is used,
         | but isn't it speaking of the addictive cycle or an overactive
         | reward system?
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | > Tech bros need to stop talking about neuroscience like they
         | understand it.
         | 
         | The author:
         | 
         | > Trevor Haynes is a research technician in the Department of
         | Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School.
         | 
         | I think it's not hyperbole to assume that algorithms which
         | maximize user engagement time will hijack all sorts of neural
         | processes involved in forming habits.
        
           | jstx1 wrote:
           | You can't just assume this. Whether it happens or not is the
           | central question.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | :s/assume/hypothesize
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
       | All right, that's it: No more commenting on Hacker News.
        
       | polskibus wrote:
       | please add [2018] to title
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | I am always curious to read an expose of the (hypothesized)
       | neural mechanisms at work here.
       | 
       | This is principally because the medium (it is some combination of
       | the personal computer and the smart telephone) is not strictly
       | _new_ in its ability to engage the user. Industrial citizens
       | spent a great deal of their time viewing television prior to the
       | internet era, what is new is the rapid feedback those seeking to
       | engage their audiences have. The A /B test, use of user data, et
       | cetera, these are all mechanisms by which the software developer
       | increases the attention-commanding power of his software.
       | 
       | But of course, the software developer is not typically interested
       | in or aware of the psychology (a complicated field) and is
       | instead focused on outcomes. In reality, the software developer
       | is conducting large scale psychological experiments on how to
       | best entrance the user, but the language used for this process is
       | more of business and technique than it is strictly of science.
        
       | Darmody wrote:
       | This morning on my way to work I was listening to a podcast talk
       | talked about dopamine "fasting".
       | 
       | Recommended if you're interested in knowing s bit more.
       | 
       | https://es.player.fm/1BKMFGF
        
         | marban wrote:
         | Also helpful if you work out daily for ~90+ mins and need a
         | kicker to get you through. Could be a pre-workout supp or just
         | music. Occasional skipping/reducing will do the trick.
        
       | TeMPOraL wrote:
       | Interesting that these topics always focus on _smartphones_ or
       | _the Internet_. It 's as if we talked about smoking in terms of
       | "lighters are causing addiction", or "holding cylindrical objects
       | in your hands is addictive". Or, about alcohol, in terms of
       | "ingesting beverages is a social problem".
       | 
       | It's not the Internet itself that is the problem. It's not the
       | devices - even extremely convenient ones, like always-connected
       | smartphones. There are particular types of services that are
       | problematic, provided by concrete companies, who optimize their
       | addictive and distracting potential _on purpose_ , advertise them
       | heavily, and make money off the problems they cause. These are
       | well-thought _business decisions_ , made by well-known people.
       | And yet, as a society, we shrink away from talking about them,
       | preferring instead to put blame on incidental topics: the
       | Internet, the smartphones, the engineers building the hardware
       | and software[0].
       | 
       | I wish for a day when we collectively wake up and focus on the
       | actual root cause, when we come to the conclusion that some
       | business models just shouldn't exist. We've done it in the past,
       | and because of that we[1] enjoy physically safe food, toys,
       | medicine, appliances. But either we've lost our way in the last
       | decades, defaulting to an asinine view that "all is fine as long
       | as there is demand", or the process of understanding and
       | mitigating threats to society takes too damn long. Maybe it's the
       | latter - but that's not good, because the kind of abuse we throw
       | at each other is following the economic and technological growth
       | curves.
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | [0] - Or, a related favorite of mine, "the AI". As if wild
       | machine learning algorithms frolicked in the forest, and
       | occasionally came out of the woods on their own, to take over
       | some business or governmental decision process. No human making a
       | self-serving decision to involve an unsuitable ML model in a
       | system it doesn't belong in was ever involved.
       | 
       | [1] - People in wealthier countries, at least.
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | I used to work for Google. Google generally is full of smart,
         | well-meaning people who believe the work they are doing
         | benefits the internet and humanity in general.
         | 
         | But holy F is the business model, when scaled to $130+ billion
         | yearly revenue, an absolute disaster. Google has taken upon
         | itself to turn the entire internet into an ad-laden funhouse
         | designed to trap you and suck all of your time.
         | 
         | Google is not solely to blame, but they are uniquely delusional
         | and uniquely successful at monetizing _other people 's
         | contributions, knowledge, talent, and businesses_ to their own
         | benefit. Google set the standard model for monetization at
         | every stage of the internet's development. Google set up
         | everything to be the central clearing house for information and
         | normalized the expectation that everything you do would come
         | with some kind of advertising interruption.
         | 
         | As far as I am concerned, Facebook and social media and all the
         | other bad things on the internet just followed in the wagon
         | ruts, then paved highways that Google created.
         | 
         | We've accepted the internet and the web as they are because
         | _Google wanted to be big._
         | 
         | Now, if Google had wanted to stay small, maybe grow at 5% per
         | year, instead of 23% per year--that's doubling every 4 years
         | btw--, then the internet would not be so full of ads. The
         | internet would not be so much in your face. Datacenters would
         | be smaller, tracking would be less, webpages would be lighter,
         | faster, with more long-form content, etc.
         | 
         | The internet is the way it is because it has been a giant pie-
         | eating contest where the winners have to eat 23% more pie than
         | they did last year. No wonder it's so fucked up.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | Just for perspective, here's Google's revenue in 2002 ($0.4
           | billion) vs 2020 ($180 billion, 450x)) [1]
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/266206/googles-annual-
           | gl...
           | 
           | o
           | 
           | ->
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
           | 
           | oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo
        
           | sizzle wrote:
           | Did this factor into you leaving big G?
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | Is there a good article detailing how this works? Despite all
           | the "dark side of tech" drama I still see Google as basically
           | OK as a company. Some missteps, yes, but from my perspective,
           | all I really know is they make a lot of great stuff that I
           | use constantly because it's great. It's not obvious to me how
           | they're involved in all of this.
        
             | arthurcolle wrote:
             | real time bidding, banner ads, ad markets. Anything that
             | comprehensively covers the history of web specific
             | advertising is a good place to start.
             | 
             | Even if ads aren't useful (getting leather belt ads after
             | buying a leather belt... even ads for the same product),
             | the incentive is to continue serving them because the
             | company trying to sell shit is still winning to target all
             | "belt searchers"
        
         | bnralt wrote:
         | > Interesting that these topics always focus on smartphones or
         | the Internet... These are well-thought business decisions, made
         | by well-known people. And yet, as a society, we shrink away
         | from talking about them, preferring instead to put blame on
         | incidental topics: the Internet, the smartphones, the engineers
         | building the hardware and software[0].
         | 
         | I mean, this article says as much:
         | 
         | > While there is nothing inherently addictive about smartphones
         | themselves, the true drivers of our attachments to these
         | devices are the hyper-social environments they provide. Thanks
         | to the likes of Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, and others,
         | smartphones allow us to carry immense social environments in
         | our pockets through every waking moment of our lives.
         | 
         | The article even opens with a former executive at Facebook
         | talking about how how guilty they feel for making addictive
         | feedback loops that are damaging to society.
        
         | carlgreene wrote:
         | I disagree with this I think. The problem _is_ smartphones and
         | the ability to be constantly stimulated on the internet.
         | 
         | Web2.0 introduced more addicting and stimulating sites and
         | apps, but Web 1.0 still allowed me to kill time (on my
         | computer) searching rudimentary message boards, games, and news
         | sites.
         | 
         | The introduction of smart phones gave us a 24/7 portal to the
         | internet world and facilitated the building of these
         | mechanisms.
         | 
         | This goes far beyond Facebook, IG, Twitter, and the other "big
         | name offenders". The pervasiveness of texting and email deserve
         | a similar finger pointing.
         | 
         | Smartphones are dopamine machines and they allow us to enter
         | that world at any time. Spotify, email, texting, Facebook,
         | Snapchat, games, slack, hackernews, cnn, etc... ALL become
         | instantly accessible on our smart phones and keep our brains
         | chasing more rewarding stimulus.
        
           | rackjack wrote:
           | Lighters let you use cigarettes, heroin, weed, etc. If you
           | become psychologically dependent on these substances, is your
           | lighter the problem? What do we mean by "the problem"
           | anyways? Depending on how you define "the problem", it can be
           | the cigarette, the lighter, or the smoker, or some
           | combination of all three.
           | 
           | The issue is not "the problem", whose fault it is, blame. It
           | is responsibility. Who shoulders the cost for the issue of
           | smoking? As it turns out: all of them. Cigarette companies
           | have to put health warnings on their packs. Lighters cannot
           | be sold to those under 18. Cigarettes are highly taxed to
           | discourage smokers from buying them. All three are
           | "negatively" impacted because we, as a society, agreed that
           | smoking is bad and should be discouraged.
           | 
           | Similarly with Facebook, smartphones, and end users.
        
         | erfgh wrote:
         | If you don't want to spend time on a smartphone, don't spend
         | time on a smartphone. I don't have a smartphone myself and I am
         | not interested in getting one. But banning something because
         | you don't like it is nothing short of totalitarian.
        
           | Damogran6 wrote:
           | The 'I don't even HAVE a TV' trope. It demonstrates a lack of
           | empathy, that because YOU don't have a problem, a significant
           | percentage of the population might not be in a different
           | situation.
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | Some of us saw it coming and nipped it in the bud, or saw
             | what it was doing to us and did something about it. I cut
             | the cable 20 years ago or so after wasting one weekend
             | flipping through channels, not finding anything I liked,
             | and realized it was a problem and took steps to mitigate
             | it. Same story with FB - a friend got me into Farm Town
             | when that was a thing and I realized I had the choice to
             | make that my life for the foreseeable future or nope out of
             | it.
             | 
             | I'm not the OP, but when I suggest that someone walk away
             | from FB or whatever is causing them problems at the moment
             | and let them know that I did the same, it's supposed to let
             | them know that they do have choices and that it is possible
             | for some people to be able to do that, so maybe they should
             | try it? It's not a lack of empathy, it's a suggestion on
             | how to get out of a problem I very much empathize with.
             | 
             | Of course not everyone can. I have my own problems I
             | consistently fail to nope out of, too.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Perhaps I've not expressed myself clearly. It's not about the
           | smartphone. Smartphones are a red herring. They're not the
           | problem. The problem are some _particular services_
           | accessible through that phone.
        
           | dahfizz wrote:
           | > But banning something because you don't like it is nothing
           | short of totalitarian.
           | 
           | Where is the line? I don't like murder. Is banning murder
           | totalitarian? I don't like unfair elections. Is banning
           | election tampering totalitarian?
           | 
           | Every law and rule in all of society exists to prevent
           | something that someone (or lots of people) don't like. We
           | usually draw abstractions on top of these likes and dislikes
           | - things like "rights" and "morals". Everyone has to draw the
           | line somewhere, so deriding someone for drawing that line
           | "because you don't like it" is reductionist and silly.
        
             | bloqs wrote:
             | The line is: what does societies weakest member look like.
             | How do we stop those people being exploited. You then apply
             | the action to everyone above that point.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | That's your line. Clearly this is not universally
               | accepted as the best way to form a society.
        
               | billiam wrote:
               | I think we have a lot of examples of what happens when
               | the wealthy and powerful get anything they want (see the
               | right of kings, predestination, Social Darwinism,
               | fascism, etc) and we blame the poor and weak for all
               | their problems and victimize them. There is a big
               | difference between making life, liberty, and the pursuit
               | of happiness available to most vulnerable and
               | disadvantaged in your society and "forming" your society
               | around it. In the US we only made basic rights we take
               | for granted available under law to gay and disabled
               | people in the last two of three decades.
        
             | CountDrewku wrote:
             | Typically you place the line at hurting someone else. If
             | your own personal choice only affects you then that's a you
             | problem. To go the next step and take freedoms away from
             | people that are able to handle themselves. The two examples
             | you gave directly affect others.
             | 
             | One exception might be children since they aren't developed
             | enough to make logical decisions on their own.
             | 
             | IMO government restrictions should be a last resort, not
             | the first option you consider. Additionally, they tend not
             | to work as well as you might think on many things (e.g.
             | drug war, prohibition)
        
           | go_elmo wrote:
           | Youre right. If you dont like heroin just stop using it. Its
           | easy and just a personal decision nothing more, right?
        
             | CountDrewku wrote:
             | Are you suggesting that making heroin illegal has stopped
             | its usage?
             | 
             | Strange since it's currently an epidemic.
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | I believe they're replying to GP's assertment to stop
               | using smartphones.
               | 
               | > If you don't want to spend time on a smartphone, don't
               | spend time on a smartphone.
        
         | conqrr wrote:
         | Yeah imagine getting a dopamine from checking emails. It's
         | designed to be checked occasionally, atleast most web apps are.
         | We need more of that. Once a day feed from Facebook. Scroll
         | limit on YouTube.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | Not everyone is susceptible to this, but it's quite possible to
         | compulsively use the old, non-manipulative internet. You can
         | get dopamine mini-hits from refreshing an old-school forum
         | thread or benign news page.
        
           | omnicognate wrote:
           | Or even (dun dun dunnnnn) Hackernews.
           | 
           | The problem is simply the fact that there's always something
           | new to see. It doesn't require evil masterminds. It's a magic
           | rectangle in your pocket that shows you something new every
           | time you look at it. Of course it's addictive.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | To your point about business decisions, Facebook's recent ban
         | of the Unfollow Everything extension is exemplary of everything
         | that's wrong with ad-driven social media. The problem is not
         | too much choice, but too little:
         | 
         | - I can't easily delete old posts
         | 
         | - I can't easily control who or what I am exposed to
         | 
         | - In some cases, I have no control at all. For example, on the
         | rare occasion I go to FB, the red dot on the video icon is
         | still begging me to watch FB's 4th-rate YouTube full of random
         | terrible videos. There is no way for me to turn this off, to my
         | knowledge.
         | 
         | - Everything is defaulted to the most intrusive, attention-
         | sucking settings. I am never asked if I want something new. It
         | is shoved in my face and then I have to go figure out how to
         | turn it off. As a willful, tech-savvy person I can manage this,
         | but I imagine that many people just go with the flow and get
         | swept into unhealthy patterns by the relentless tide of nudges.
         | 
         | I don't know if it's feasible or desirable to ban a service
         | like FB categorically, but imposing minimal standards of user
         | control could be a step up from where we are now.
         | 
         | And if FB/Twitter/etc can't be profitable when users are in
         | control... well, maybe that tells us everything we need to know
         | about the true human value of today's social media matrix.
        
           | RandallBrown wrote:
           | You can actually turn off the notification dots, at least in
           | the iPhone app.
           | 
           | If you go to the "Menu" tab you can long press on any of the
           | categories and you'll get the option to turn off notification
           | dots.
           | 
           | I didn't know about this until reading your post and poking
           | around in the app to see if it was possible.
        
           | Damogran6 wrote:
           | But that's precisely the point...they -don't-want-you- to
           | have control or moderate the stream. They want to sell your
           | attention and getting more of your attention makes them more
           | money. Letting you turn off the annoying stuff is
           | antithetical to their business model.
           | 
           | And things like Youtube have honed it to a fine degree.
           | They're a single source for certain kinds of content and
           | using a roku, you CAN'T skip some adds. The Ad delivery is
           | 'well, you can skip some, but you have to watch this Liberty
           | commercial, and hey, skip now skips both ads, but since
           | you've done that, now you're doing to sit through both of the
           | next ads.
           | 
           | Not to mention the video producers have sponsors, and the
           | small ones are forced to shill theirselves through patreon to
           | stand a chance of making a living at it...or at least
           | breaking even on the costs of the content.
        
           | Pomade wrote:
           | Atleast on windows and linux you can block these sites. Try
           | doing it on Android.
        
         | rileyphone wrote:
         | While it's fun to blame commercial manipulators on the other
         | side of our habitual browsing habits, and it's true to a
         | certain extent, I think it's reductive to place all the blame
         | on them. My own personal poisons are reddit and HN comments,
         | neither of which I'd put in the category of conscious
         | manipulators. The problem moreso lies in the fact that I can
         | have a tiny urge for this content and in 3 seconds be
         | satisfied. This is a very short feedback loop, roughly on par
         | with the amount of time it takes for the drag from a cigarette
         | to hit. The "root cause", in my opinion, is that humans are
         | inclined to seek dopamine hits and technology has made them far
         | too available, unlike any other time in our history.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | > are reddit and HN comments, neither of which I'd put in the
           | category of conscious manipulators.
           | 
           | Reddit is absolutely in the family of conscious
           | manipulators-- even if it is somewhat less effective at it
           | than facebook or twitter.
           | 
           | Particularly many of the characteristics of the 'new'
           | interface were designed specifically with the intent of
           | increasing "engagement" and they use those usage metrics to
           | drive their further optimizations.
           | 
           | (e.g. infinite scroll, inlining images in the scroll to
           | reduce clicking, aggressively pushing the mobile app and/or
           | login to improve tracking. They've also recently started
           | half-logging-out users who've opted out of 'new', so you have
           | to click login to get your preference honored).
        
           | hattmall wrote:
           | I guess I am replying for the dopamine. All of the other
           | things I have / need to do require more effort. Is typing out
           | a few replies after I have breakfast my morning cigarette in
           | a different time?
           | 
           | A healthier habit?? The problem may be there's no defined
           | end. What did people in the past who didn't smoke do?
           | Newspaper? Magazines?
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | You are right and the problem is that it is so cheap and
         | extremely profitable for these businesses at scale. In my
         | opinion, the only way out is to start taxing all digital ad
         | revenue. All these services are specifically constructed to
         | create faux outrage to keep people coming back. However, you
         | can't make someone understand something when their job depends
         | on them not understanding it (Upton Sinclair). News has been
         | replaced with click-bait infotainment. People have no interest
         | in actually learning what happened. They just want to click
         | LIKE and tell their partner about how person X is so right and
         | is pwning the morons on the other side. It is sad that the
         | oligarchy has convinced us all that our neighbor is our enemy
         | while they rob us blind.
        
         | zbyforgotpass wrote:
         | The problem is that what is addictive to someone is harmless
         | for someone other. You cannot ban everything that makes someone
         | addicted.
         | 
         | When you have a market niche - then sooner or later it will be
         | filled. It does not make much sense to blame "concrete
         | companies" - because once you close them they will be replaced
         | by others. You need to make laws that would close the niche of
         | providing the 'particular types of services that are
         | problematic' entirely. And making those laws is difficult -
         | because forbidding something always limits the freedom. There
         | are lots of people here who believe that drugs should be legal.
         | 
         | And it is internet and smartphones that created these market
         | niches putting us into that awkward position. It is also
         | practical to focus talk on them - because there are concrete
         | advice on how to configure your (or your children) smartphone
         | (or internet connection) to make it less addictive. It is
         | something that can be done without any collective action
         | problems.
        
           | nivenkos wrote:
           | Exactly, I find it strange as I have a Facebook account but
           | almost never use it, except for speaking to family. The last
           | time I made a post was when I was visiting the US and was
           | able to randomly meet 2 friends there just by chance, since
           | they happened to be working nearby too.
           | 
           | Like you can say people spend too much time on TikTok, but if
           | it wasn't TikTok, it'd be Twitch, or YouTube, or Netflix, or
           | Instagram, or Reddit, etc.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _Like you can say people spend too much time on TikTok,
             | but if it wasn 't TikTok, it'd be Twitch, or YouTube, or
             | Netflix, or Instagram, or Reddit, etc._
             | 
             | Right, because they're pretty much the same category of
             | service, addressing the same niche.
             | 
             | To both yours and GP's points: it is true that "what is
             | addictive to someone is harmless for someone other". This
             | is true for alcohol, tobacco and gambling too. Yet we know
             | that unchecked, these three cause tremendous social
             | problems - and so we've adjusted both regulations and
             | culture to find a balance between freedom and protecting
             | the vulnerable.
        
               | lecanucker wrote:
               | Some things are objectively addictive. For instance,
               | alcohol is an objectively addictive drug. If you don't
               | have trouble controlling drinking now, that's excellent,
               | but if someone were to somehow force you to drink 6
               | drinks a day for a year you would certainly start to
               | develop physiological signs of addiction. On day 366 when
               | you were free to not drink, you would feel a craving.
               | There is no such thing as a person who _cannot_ become
               | addicted to it. It is the drug which is addictive, and
               | not some failing /property of the person who became
               | addicted.
               | 
               | In particular with social media, I don't like the framing
               | of it as "what is addictive to someone is harmless for
               | someone other". The addictive-ness is baked into the
               | product whether or not an addiction is manifest in any
               | individual user. Viewing the addictive-ness of say,
               | Facebook, as a problem only "for some people" rather than
               | as a property of Facebook, shifts blame away from the
               | engineers and execs who purposefully make their product
               | addictive, onto users who find themselves (somewhat
               | innocently) addicted to an the addictive thing.
               | 
               | Don't want to be pedantic but I think it's an important
               | point.
        
         | cbtacy wrote:
         | In reality, there are proven issues with heavy use of
         | smartphones.
         | 
         | https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/691462
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > We've done it in the past, and because of that we enjoy
         | physically safe food, toys, medicine, appliances.
         | 
         | Everybody wants safety. But nobody wants their smartphone taken
         | away. It's an unpopular move. That's why it doesn't happen.
         | 
         | Anyway, I think that we should take away the incentive of
         | social media companies to be so addictive by banning ads on
         | these platforms.
        
           | pnutjam wrote:
           | I'll assume you just don't understand. He's clearly talking
           | about stuff like Facebook and Youtube designing their systems
           | to suck you in, not to mention all the games designed to hit
           | your dopamine reward center.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Yeah, but (to the average user) what good is a smartphone
             | without Facebook and Youtube?
             | 
             | Take away social media and Youtube, and you might as well
             | go back to a Nokia dumbphone.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | There's still e-mail, IMs, weather widgets, mobile
               | banking, turn-by-turn navigation, maps, calculator,
               | camera, photo editor, music players, taxi apps, delivery
               | trackers, guitar tuners, games, and a bunch of other
               | things many non-tech people use on their smartphones
               | every day.
               | 
               | Not to mention, the browser, giving access to everything
               | on the Internet - not just social media. This is doubly
               | important for people on the go, and people who can't
               | afford to also own a laptop or a desktop computer at home
               | (assuming they have one).
        
               | Atheros wrote:
               | Heck, we could keep social media as-is and merely ban
               | likes and engagement-based sorting. That would be
               | sufficient.
        
               | pnutjam wrote:
               | It's not the service, it's how the service is designed.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >It's as if we talked about smoking in terms of "lighters are
         | causing addiction", or "holding cylindrical objects in your
         | hands is addictive"
         | 
         | Your example is funny because I think you are saying these
         | things (lighter, generic cylinder) are NOT addictive and
         | focusing on them misses the point- but in my mind, even as a
         | nonsmoker, there IS something primordially satisfying about
         | flicking a lighter and the sound it makes, or holding and
         | rolling a cylinder between my fingers, like a pen or a cigar.
         | That feeling has to be a contributing factor, in my mind.
        
       | calebm wrote:
       | I had noticed myself using Facebook too often, and recently
       | deleted the app from my mobile phone (and am not signed into FB
       | via my mobile browser). And I've been surprised how much less I
       | check into Facebook when my only way to check it is on my laptop.
        
       | tharne wrote:
       | These articles always fall short at the end by suggesting we be
       | more mindful when it comes to how we use smartphones. It's about
       | as easy to use a smartphone in moderation as it is to do heroin
       | in moderation. There are trillion dollar companies and some of
       | the world's best engineers working as hard as they can to boot
       | your "engagement" and keep you hooked. Good luck fighting that as
       | a one-man army.
       | 
       | Just get rid of the smartphone. You really don't need it. On
       | balance, it's probably not making your life better. We tend to
       | focus on the few benefits and ignore the all-in costs. I tossed
       | my smartphone a while back and was expecting disaster. It never
       | came, other than a few mild inconveniences. If you absolutely
       | need to, get a cheap android just for work that gets shut off and
       | put in a drawer at the end of the day.
       | 
       | The most pernicious thing about the smartphone is that we've
       | convinced ourselves that it's 100% impossible to live a happy and
       | productive life without it.
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | This feels analogous to Coca Cola framing their plans as a
       | "battle for your stomach".
        
       | Levitz wrote:
       | More and more I feel that the real damage is not done to time,
       | but to attention.
       | 
       | It is fairly simple to reorganize your time, it does take
       | willpower but once you do it that's all your time back to you.
       | 
       | On the other hand it requires actual effort and practice to be
       | conscious and present in the task at hand after getting used to
       | mindless entertainment, it requires a process to gradually take
       | it back. I worry about the upcoming generations that deal with
       | this in their growing stages.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I think reading books is a good way of practicing
         | concentration. The moment you stop paying attention to the
         | text, the reading falls apart completely. It gives a very
         | direct feedback when your mind has wandered.
         | 
         | You can get away with skimming texts on the Internet, indeed
         | you kind of have to with all the ads, inline links, and other
         | visual cruft clamoring for your attention, but that usually
         | does not work particularly well with books, especially if it's
         | a more demanding read.
         | 
         | Reading can be shockingly hard if you haven't done it in a
         | while, but it rapidly gets a lot easier.
        
           | farias0 wrote:
           | I don't know, reading books to me is very easy, but I find
           | hard to focus on work. I conditioned myself to instinctively
           | alt-tab from my IDE every time a problem gets frustrating to
           | the point I often do this without realizing, meanwhile my
           | "reading workflow" haven't been poisoned yet. So my thesis is
           | that this is less related to losing attention/willpower
           | overall and it's more related to creating distracting habits.
        
         | fendy3002 wrote:
         | In my experience the worst contributor is mobile games. Daily
         | login reward, daily quests / tasks, etc. They divert your
         | attention because you feared to miss those rewards. It's less
         | effective for adult but very harmful to teens.
         | 
         | However I found that missing one day of it and not spending any
         | cash to those games helps with getting out of it.
        
           | 5px wrote:
           | What's ironic too is that these "daily" rewards offer so much
           | leeway to the end user to get away with not actually hitting
           | daily. In example, Timehop, has recorded days without me
           | actually visiting the app - rather keeping the streak on the
           | app seems to be more for my dopamine gain even if its number
           | is invalid. Egg, Inc, a game I play on my phone has daily
           | rewards. On its system, I have 24 hours until after my daily
           | reward is given (or so I presume, I haven't missed one in
           | months :/) that it gives me in difference to make sure I come
           | into the app. It's annoying but the patterns are so apparent
           | that it surprises me how many people don't notice them.
        
         | Ettaa wrote:
         | It's possible this experiment will affect each of its
         | participants.
         | 
         | Even though I try to control my attention when I'm unaware my
         | finger always slips to the new tab opening a page for quick
         | dopamine shots.
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | Just a heads up, your account appears to be shadow banned.
        
         | camillomiller wrote:
         | This is spot on. The feeling can be described as having been
         | made dumber. The good news is that this skill is highly
         | sensitive to training. Getting back to deep focus after social
         | media have ravaged your brain is the new going from coach
         | potato to running a 10K.
        
         | joeberon wrote:
         | My concentration and attention abilities are destroyed by
         | computers and media. It doesn't seem to be retrainable, even
         | after meditating 30 minutes to an hour a day for a year, using
         | concentration on breath method, I still do not seem able to
         | recover any kind of flow state or concentration. I think it is
         | permanently damaged in my brain.
        
           | vaylian wrote:
           | Armchair psychologist here: Have you tried games? Either
           | physical (e.g. sports) or digital (ideally single player,
           | desktop computer games)? If you have fun, it is much easier
           | to get into a flow state.
        
             | joeberon wrote:
             | Yes, I play about an hour a night, but I don't really get
             | into the flow of them, I'm usually checking my phone during
             | loading screens or cutscenes. I'm sure physical sports
             | would be somewhat easier. Making music can sometimes do it
             | in the right situation. The problem is though that I can't
             | make it happen at will, but I really would like to be able
             | to concentrate on my work as a physicist, e.g. reading a
             | paper even if I'm not that interested in it personally is
             | quite important to be able to do but it takes me days.
        
               | pkrznaric wrote:
               | It might help if you introduce more things to focus in
               | and out on. I find that when I'm playing a game I'm not
               | as interested in/has down time, by having something like
               | music playing softly in the background, I'm able to focus
               | in better during slow periods.
               | 
               | Some amount of LoFi beats, classical, or music in another
               | language might help a bit even if you feel you need to
               | 'focus in' by just providing a bit more stimulation? I
               | find that without music it's much harder for me to enter
               | my flow state when programming even if I 'stop hearing'
               | the music once I get into what I'm working on.
               | 
               | But everyone's different, that's just something that
               | works for me, but I hope that you keep up the hard work.
               | Focus is hard, and you're taking some important steps to
               | try and restore yours.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | I already listen to techno when I'm working. The problem
               | is that when I'm not intrinsically/emotionally interested
               | in a task I struggle to force myself to focus on it. It
               | seems like focus is not something I can control, I always
               | would rather distract myself with low effort dopamine
               | fodder (youtube, twitter, reddit, hacker news, tiktok,
               | looking for new music to put on, etc.)
               | 
               | I've been trying for years. I was introduced to
               | technology very young, and have been using the internet
               | since I was about 8 to 10 years old. I'm 27 now, I've
               | been seriously trying to improve my focus since I was
               | about 22, but nothing stuck. If intensive meditation
               | cannot help me, I'm not sure if anything can, except
               | maybe some kind of drugs.
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | Have you talked to a doctor about ADHD and possible
               | treatment methods? The pharmacology behind prescribed
               | stimulants work to flood our dopamine receptors greatly
               | weakening that urge to check our phone for those sweet,
               | sweet, notifications.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | I'm British, and in the UK it's extremely hard to get
               | adult ADHD diagnosis. Basically you have to go to a
               | private doctor and even then they are quite strict. Due
               | to my high academic achievement (doctor in quantum
               | physics) they will probably say I don't have it. The
               | situation there for adult ADHD is so bad that basically I
               | just gave up on the whole thing and decided that I didn't
               | have it.
               | 
               | I live in Germany now, but unfortunately I don't speak
               | German anywhere near well enough to get a consultation.
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | Are there no English speaking doctors in Germany?
               | 
               | A specialist in the UK might be worth talking to. You've
               | tried many natural alternatives and nothing helps you
               | with your work. Meditating every day for a year is a big
               | accomplishment and it says a lot for it to not help.
        
         | infinitezest wrote:
         | I have no expertise on the subject so my diagnosis basically
         | means nothing but I suspect that the explosion in ADHD
         | diagnoses has something to do with this. If you constantly
         | exist in an environment that is built to fracture and segment
         | and compete for your time it doesn't seem surprising to me at
         | all that you're going to have a very difficult time allocating
         | attention.
        
         | nicbou wrote:
         | When people quit drugs, they need something to feel the void it
         | leaves. It's one thing to stop consuming, but it's another to
         | replace it with a meaningful activity.
         | 
         | I feel the same about tackling internet addiction. The computer
         | is off, now what?
        
           | Levitz wrote:
           | Absolutely, I feel it truly gives insight into how an
           | addiction works.
           | 
           | If every morning you wake up and smoke a cigarette right by
           | the window while you brew coffee, then the day you decide to
           | stop there are two forces at hand: first, the addiction to
           | nicotine, but there is also the void left by the activity of
           | smoking.
           | 
           | When you quit social media or whatever smartphone boredom
           | annihilator, what do you do on the bus back home? On the
           | waiting room or queue of whatever place you find yourself at?
           | In any of those small idle moments?
           | 
           | For me I've found the answer to be obvious but not very
           | exciting: I get bored. I get bored and let my mind wander,
           | ideally this means I'm not merely unfocused, but rather at
           | rest mentally, otherwise I dedicate some time to this or that
           | thought that would surely have assaulted me right at the time
           | in which I should be falling asleep. I think society has
           | gotten into an habit of never being bored, I don't think
           | that's healthy.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | In my experience it takes will power initially, but after I
         | reached _escape velocity_ I no longer needed much will power.
         | 
         | I'm talking about the day that I decided to "mute' my life.
         | This was back in 2014 (I can't believe it's already been that
         | long). Set my phone so that texts no longer caused alert sounds
         | or vibration, only calls from those in my contacts would ring
         | through, and I deleted crap like Facebook (and didn't log in
         | again for over a year).
         | 
         | It took conscious effort initially, but then you adjust quicker
         | than you think after you realize that exactly 0% of texts you
         | will ever receive actually need your immediate attention. Maybe
         | you the reader get important texts all the time, and I sort of
         | feel sorry if you do, but I never ever do. If someone ever
         | actually needs to reach me they will call, and they are never
         | some rando number not in my contacts.
         | 
         | These devices and the services surrounding them don't
         | necessarily deserve all the negative credit we attribute to
         | them. People get addicted to things not just because those
         | things have addicting qualities but because those people's
         | needs aren't getting met in other areas. Technology makes it
         | really easy to tickle those addiction centers in our brains, if
         | you will, so that's the most common way to cope for people whom
         | are missing something. It's not a personal failing (most of the
         | time anyway) because even knowing that you are addicted, or
         | that there's more to addiction than the surface level, is
         | actually a really hard thing.
         | 
         | The other side of the equation is that not being addicted can
         | be _isolating_ in modern society. In my own life I sometimes
         | have a hard time socializing with others, not out of shyness or
         | anything like that, but because most people don 't know how to
         | relate to me when they find out that I don't surf social media,
         | binge watch entertainment, or play video games for hours on
         | end. They say "so what do you do with all that free time?" When
         | I tell them that I am spending nearly all that time building
         | things and learning, unless I'm among serious nerds, they don't
         | get how my lifestyle is fulfilling to me. Truth be told, _not_
         | living vicariously through the imaginary lives of others doesn
         | 't have to be boring.
         | 
         | I think there's a few kinds of people; the kind who don't get
         | fulfillment or enjoyment outside of entertainment, and the kind
         | who can be self-fulfilled but also deep down realize that it
         | would separate them from much of society, which can be a scary
         | thing. It might not be a conscious thought, but I think it's
         | probably there.
        
           | huachimingo wrote:
           | Beware of becoming The Steppenwolf.
        
           | marto1 wrote:
           | > In my experience it takes will power initially, but after I
           | reached escape velocity I no longer needed much will power.
           | 
           | That one hits the nail on the head. It comes down to what you
           | consider normal. Once you get rid of a bad habit to the point
           | it seems obnoxious both on conscious AND subconscious level
           | it becomes very easy not to indulge.
           | 
           | It works more or less the same way for good habits too, I
           | think.
        
         | nkzd wrote:
         | I also struggle with this. My attention span is terrible. What
         | is the process you used to gradually take it back? Can you
         | recommend and resources regarding this topic?
        
           | CountDrewku wrote:
           | Meditation, exercise, good diet. You train your brain just
           | like you train anything else.
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | I am struggling literally right now with this. Two days in a
         | binge of commenting stuff on social networks, my tasks are
         | dangerously late.
        
           | wibagusto wrote:
           | Honestly my suggestion is to get rid of all social media. How
           | many hours to master a new skill are wasted away with
           | pointless debates and conversations?
           | 
           | I have been off of social media for years now and I couldn't
           | go back.
           | 
           | Really, ask yourself if your conversations on social media
           | are yielding something productive to society or if it's just
           | wasting time.
           | 
           | If you want social, get a group together and meet in person.
           | Go do something.
        
             | afarrell wrote:
             | Alongside this, maybe set yourself up on calendly.com with
             | some open time slots and tell people:                 "I'm
             | taking a break from social media. If you'd like to get in
             | touch with me, email foo@bar.com or click on [my calendar
             | link](https://calendly.com/) and pick a time for a phone
             | call"
             | 
             | Will some people think you're odd for doing this? Yes. But
             | it is better to miss out on 10 shallow connections and gain
             | 1 deep one. Face the FOMO.
             | 
             | > productive to society
             | 
             | A better question: Are you really deeply connecting with
             | the people you talk to or are you just wandering?
        
               | wibagusto wrote:
               | Please don't forget that these platforms are designed to
               | be addicting.
               | 
               | What you're suggesting is akin to: "why not smoke
               | occasionally to take the edge off."
               | 
               | It's about losing mental focus if you ask me. If you're
               | an occasional user, your mind is still going to be roped
               | in.
               | 
               | They have an army of scientist who've proven these facts
               | already and social media companies exploit us all.
               | 
               | I agree with the idea of establishing deeper connections:
               | but take them offline and have a cup of tea or video
               | chat. There's simply better options.
        
               | afarrell wrote:
               | Calendly no more addicting or engaging than a dentist's
               | website. It just lets you schedule a phone call or video
               | chat.
        
               | joeberon wrote:
               | Quitting social media is not really about FOMO, it's
               | about the fear of being bored due to not having anything
               | else to fill that time.
        
       | marban wrote:
       | https://hubermanlab.com has lots of episodes on dopamine --
       | Highly recommended podcast.
        
         | nelox wrote:
         | Yeah, I can't get enough of that one.
        
       | kashyapc wrote:
       | On understanding dopamine, FWIW, I recommend two excellent
       | resources: one is Robert Sapolsky's 720-page tome, _Behave_ --he
       | gives a robust intro to dopamine in the second chapter, "One
       | Second Before", and expands on it further in the book.
       | 
       | The other is prof. Andrew Huberman's podcast. He recently did a
       | 2-hour episode[1] on dopamine. The segment on smartphones and how
       | they alter our dopamine circuits starts at 01:15:28[2]
       | 
       | [1] https://hubermanlab.com/controlling-your-dopamine-for-
       | motiva...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmOF0crdyRU&t=4528s
        
         | arvinsim wrote:
         | Other books that focus more on action steps?
        
           | didericis wrote:
           | Not a book, but these action steps are common:
           | 
           | - Disable phone notifications
           | 
           | - Create checklists of small things you want to do
           | 
           | - Work in cafes and places with background noise/other people
           | 
           | - Schedule activities with others
        
           | kashyapc wrote:
           | For the patient reader/listener, the mentioned book and
           | podcast have several ideas to implement. Obviously, there are
           | no shortcuts but methods that require discipline.
           | 
           | As a quick example, one suggestion is to not reward yourself
           | everytime the same way. Let's say, you really enjoy running
           | with music. Sometimes just toss a coin whether you get to
           | listen to music while running or not. In other words, reward
           | yourself intermittently. It is far more likely to sustain the
           | baseline excitement/dopamine levels over time. If we reward
           | ourselves all the time the same way, the baseline levels tend
           | to drop.
           | 
           | I'm explaining it poorly, but Huberman and Sapolsky add a lot
           | more colour to this.
        
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