[HN Gopher] Led by France, 10 EU countries call on Brussels to l...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Led by France, 10 EU countries call on Brussels to label nuclear
       energy as green
        
       Author : nixass
       Score  : 233 points
       Date   : 2021-10-11 17:26 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.euronews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.euronews.com)
        
       | vfclists wrote:
       | According to this page, the problem of nuclear waste disposal was
       | solved over 20 years ago. It is based on a design where the
       | "waste fuel" is used again by the reactor until it is depleted.
       | 
       | The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) project -
       | http://skirsch.com/politics/globalwarming/ifr.htm
        
       | tofflos wrote:
       | France, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary,
       | Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Romania.
        
       | jstsch wrote:
       | Climate change is an existential threat to humanity. To deny
       | using an energy source that is nearly carbon neutral, whilst half
       | the population of this planet is still living in energy poverty,
       | is far from being the prudent choice...
        
         | q1w2 wrote:
         | Democracy's are will of the _average_ intelligence and sub-
         | average emotional state. They seldom act with prudence.
         | 
         | This is why nearly all nuclear plants under construction today
         | are occurring in non-democratic nations.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | And one that can supply carbon neutral energy also during
         | winters. Which considering amount of global population that
         | requires heating to survive is quite critical.
        
       | beezischillin wrote:
       | Cheap energy is the way to go green. I'd love electric heating
       | and looked into it but the lowest monthly cost estimate I could
       | come up with costs roughly the same for a month in electricity
       | costs as a winter's worth of firewood. (Well, maybe a bit less
       | now with prices of everything skyrocketing, but the demand is
       | there.) Still, it needs to go almost 6x to be worth it.
        
       | egberts1 wrote:
       | A good start, given that nth generation nuclear power plant is
       | nearly meltdown proof.
        
         | emj wrote:
         | There is a Swedish sketch about probability and Nuclear power,
         | it's written by a master of the form so the translation will
         | not live up to the original. Still I do believe it reflects
         | what experience tells us about "nearly bulletproof" in regards
         | to fission.
         | 
         | http://wootest.net/likelihood.html
        
           | 08-15 wrote:
           | I didn't completely get it, but it sure sounds scary.
           | Probably because I don't know what happened at Harrisburg.
           | Did people die there?
        
             | emj wrote:
             | It seems like "Three Mile Island accident" is the name that
             | is used in the US. Do not think anyone died.
             | 
             | > Cleanup started in August 1979 and officially ended in
             | December 1993, with a total cleanup cost of about $1
             | billion
        
       | rusk wrote:
       | It really would solve a lot of problems, in a relatively
       | straightforward and abundant manner ...
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | As long as those countries are happy to cover the cost of waste
       | disposal or cleanup...
        
         | q1w2 wrote:
         | Waste disposal is a solved problem. One barrel per reactor per
         | year is not a meaningful amount of waste.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | xvilka wrote:
       | Given the Germany stupid move to get rid of nuclear (in favor of
       | coal[1], as it turned out), not sure if it will support this
       | decision. And nowadays they are dependent from one country's
       | gas...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wired.com/story/germany-rejected-nuclear-
       | power-a...
        
         | foepys wrote:
         | France imports _a lot_ of gas generated power from Germany over
         | the course of the year. Without Germany 's readily available
         | gas turbines, France wouldn't be able to stabilize their net.
         | Same the other way around where Germany relies on France's
         | almost always available nuclear power.
        
           | vntok wrote:
           | > Without Germany's readily available gas turbines, France
           | wouldn't be able to stabilize their net
           | 
           | Nonsense. Nuclear energy could power much more in France,
           | it's only for political reasons that the grid managers do not
           | ramp up nuclear production to meet demand, thus having to
           | import electricity at times. The nuclear-powered baseline
           | could be much higher without issues others than political (%
           | of renewable energy in the mix)
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | Also, we (the French) made a stupid move by closing the
           | Fessenheim power plant although it have passed all the
           | security checks and could have continue to work for one or
           | more decades.
        
             | onli wrote:
             | That's not even remotely true. Fessenheim was a huge
             | security risk and would not have passed any security checks
             | in a country not as fanatically pro-nuclear as France.
             | 
             | See https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Pannen-AKW-Fessenheim-geht-
             | vom-N...:
             | 
             | > _Fessenheim liegt in einem Erdbebengebiet, das Kraftwerk
             | ist gegen einen Flugzeugabsturz oder Anschlag unzureichend
             | geschutzt. Zudem kam es immer wieder zu Pannen._
             | 
             | That says: It was in an seismic active zone, unprotected
             | against plane crashes or terror attacks. There also were a
             | bunch of accidents.
             | 
             | Those old reactor designs weren't safe.
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | > That's not even remotely true.
               | 
               | It is though. For CEA experts at least. And considering
               | what those experts did to the EPR, i'm pretty sure they
               | are not as "pro-edf" or "pro-nuclear" as the Green tell
               | they are.
               | 
               | > Fessenheim was a huge security risk and would not have
               | passed any security checks in a country not as
               | fanatically pro-nuclear as France.
               | 
               | You're dissing CEA engineers and physicists here.
               | 
               | > That says: It was in an seismic active zone
               | 
               | This reason is bullshit. Fessenhein is a PWR reactor,
               | unless you have something like 7 on the Richter scale,
               | the reactor will likely just hold. On a 7, you have
               | leakage risks, and maybe on a nine you'll get a meltdown?
               | 
               | Do you think its likely to get a 7 or more there?
               | 
               | > unprotected against plane crashes or terror attacks.
               | 
               | True, plane crashes are not an issue though, unless you
               | know exactly where the core or the pool is (one is a much
               | much bigger issue than the other obviously). And to
               | engage security mesures you need to either: push a big
               | button, or cut electricity. Once the grid is down, there
               | is no way to make the core explode, and if you take more
               | than 30 minutes to put a bomb on it, it probably won't
               | even meltdown. To reengage the reactor you need
               | knowledge, so a sabotage is still possible.
               | 
               | > There also were a bunch of accidents.
               | 
               | True, and bad ones. Hiring contractors is good for us,
               | earning that much doing pretty much nothing, but
               | ultimately bad for the company, especially when you need
               | to keep competency at a high level. Not the only nuclear
               | plant in France where incompetency reigns from what i
               | heard.
               | 
               | > Those old reactor designs weren't safe.
               | 
               | Untrue, but true for fessenheim. No commercial French
               | reactor active right now are as unsafe as let's say
               | Fukushima, because our Gen2 were that much better (as
               | were the US's). Not as well designed as CANDUC type, but
               | PWR are stable and do have passive protection against a
               | chain reaction or a leak. Also, you can just move the
               | core out and voila, no more nuclear reaction. Anyway. The
               | second wave was improved upon "thanks" to the TMI
               | incident, and even older reactors got better passive risk
               | reduction upgrades and better detection.
               | 
               | But, Fessenheim did had a lot of troubles (and by
               | troubles, i mean incidents from human origin), and while
               | the cuve could probably last another 30 to 40 years, the
               | PWR tech also have big wear and tear effect on
               | surrounding equipements. The CEA accounted for this in
               | their rapport, and precognized a long downtime to put
               | thing in order.
        
         | stkdump wrote:
         | The numbers are public record.
         | https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/156695/umfrag...
         | 
         | There is no huge spike. And since the decision to shut down the
         | nuclear plants, also coal has decreased massively, even more
         | dramatically than nuclear.
        
         | rusk wrote:
         | Well Germany has access to lots of cheap coal so not so much
         | stupid as teutonically pragmatic. Who knows might have been the
         | coal lobbyists in this campaign as much as environmentalists
        
         | llampx wrote:
         | I still see "Atomkraft? Nein, danke!" stickers here and there
         | and am sad at the ignorance displayed by the people who sport
         | them.
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | Let's see if they still sport these stickers after the coming
           | winter...
        
             | llampx wrote:
             | You underestimate the masochism of the average German, or
             | at least the type to have such a sticker.
        
               | rad_gruchalski wrote:
               | I live in Germany, I have seen a lot...
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Well maybe Germans could just vote to freeze their energy
             | prices, like Berliners voted to freeze their rents.
             | 
             | /s
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Or buy the power plants and then sell the power for
               | cheap...
        
               | rad_gruchalski wrote:
               | They will simply buy electricity from Poland (coal) or
               | France (nuclear) it they need more cheaper.
        
               | rad_gruchalski wrote:
               | Ha, that's a good one. Considering the plans of the new
               | gov, this is the new normal in Germany and it will get
               | even more expensive.
               | 
               | I'm looking forward to diesel at EUR2.10/l, e5 at
               | EUR2.50/l, heating oil at EUR110/100l and electricity
               | prices x3. What a time to be alive.
        
           | lamp987 wrote:
           | Ironically its the Greens. One would think theyre false flag
           | paid by coal and petrol corporations.
        
             | blibble wrote:
             | with their anti-nuclear stance the Greens have likely done
             | more damage to the climate than the conservative parties...
        
           | stefantalpalaru wrote:
           | > I still see "Atomkraft? Nein, danke!" stickers here and
           | there and am sad at the ignorance displayed by the people who
           | sport them.
           | 
           | https://www.thelocal.de/20160520/german-nuclear-plant-
           | pumped... :
           | 
           | <<the plant used the cover of the Chernobyl - which had
           | released a cloud of radioactive waste over western Europe -
           | to pump their own waste into the atmosphere, believing no one
           | would notice
           | 
           | "It was done intentionally," Schollmeyer said. "We had
           | problems at the plant and I was present at a few of the
           | meetings."
           | 
           | The problems related to balls of radioactive fuel getting
           | stuck in the plant's pipework.
           | 
           | "Some clever dick suggested we clean out the pipework by
           | pumping helium through it. He thought that no one would
           | notice because of the Chernobyl cloud.">>
           | 
           | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernkraftwerk_THTR-300#Emissio.
           | .. :
           | 
           | <<The emissions from the THTR were initially not noticed.
           | However, an anonymous informant from the workforce of the
           | THTR-300 informed supervisory authorities and environmental
           | associations about a hidden radioactive emission on May 4,
           | 1986.>>
           | 
           | <<Only when an unusually high concentration of 233Pa was
           | detected in the exhaust air of the THTR-300 from the chimney,
           | which could not come from Chernobyl but only from the thorium
           | of broken fuel elements of the THTR-300, it gradually became
           | clear that there must have been significant radioactive
           | emissions from the THTR-300 into the environment.>>
        
       | firstSpeaker wrote:
       | I hope in long term it reduces our dependency on fossil fuel for
       | electricity production.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Uranium is a fossil fuel.
        
           | anotherboffin wrote:
           | Despite the many shared traits with some fossil fuels:
           | extraction by mining, finite amounts, subject to
           | geopolitics... uranium is a chemical element and not a fossil
           | fuel, especially the "fossil" part.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | This is obviously not correct.
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | From Wikipedia > A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural
           | processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead
           | organisms, containing organic molecules originating in
           | ancient photosynthesis[1] A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by
           | natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried
           | dead organisms, containing organic molecules originating in
           | ancient photosynthesis that release energy in combustion.[2]
           | that release energy in combustion.
           | 
           | So, by this definition, Uranium is not a fossil fuel.
        
       | thoughtstheseus wrote:
       | Green but potentially dangerous. Nuclear risks can be more easily
       | managed anyway. Normalize nuclear power!
        
       | tomp wrote:
       | It should be labelled _both_ as  "green" and as "renewable" as
       | well - it's just as renewable as e.g. solar (a.k.a. "sky
       | nuclear").
        
         | rhn_mk1 wrote:
         | If we are nit picking, we can look at entropy and conclude no
         | fuel is renewable :)
        
       | Factorium wrote:
       | We also need to ban politicians from accepting donations, bribes
       | and post-career board positions from fossil fuel companies;
       | 
       | ie. Gerhard Shroder, former Chancellor of Germany who oversaw the
       | beginning of their nuke shutdown, and now works for Rosneft! (A
       | giant Russian fossil fuel company controlled by the Russian
       | Government)
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41447603
        
       | OnlyMortal wrote:
       | Having grown up in the Cold War with the threat of MAD and the
       | waste products from reactors, I do understand the hesitation of
       | nuclear power.
       | 
       | But, in a more practical world, there's not much of a choice if
       | we want an energy source that's not killing us by air pollution.
       | In the other hand, we seem to be yet again passing the problem
       | onto future generations. Perhaps they'll have the science to
       | resolve nuclear waste but there's no guarantee.
       | 
       | At the end of the day, we're currently consuming too much for the
       | technology we have versus the population of the planet wrt to our
       | biosphere.
       | 
       | There are a few obvious fixes but none are palatable.
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | Bill Gates new nuclear power plant design being built in
         | Wyoming
         | 
         | These things are small and cheap.
         | 
         | " The project features a 345 megawatt sodium-cooled fast
         | reactor with molten salt-based energy storage that could boost
         | the system's power output to 500 MW during peak power demand.
         | TerraPower said last year that the plants would cost about $1
         | billion."
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/utility-small-nuclea...
        
       | pl-94 wrote:
       | By the way, with or without nuclear power, the FitFor55 proposal
       | sounds completely unreasonable to me. 1. It projects a 35%
       | increase of energy efficiency in 10 years. You might achieve it
       | in virtual lifes, but not in the real world (ask a cow to burp
       | less!?) 2. It concerns domestic net emissions. Meaning that the
       | policy is incentiving to de-localisation of industry in China
       | (which already explains most of the progress achieved so far).
        
         | wumpus wrote:
         | > (ask a cow to burp less!?)
         | 
         | Are you aware of research about reducing methane by feeding
         | cows a small amount of seaweed? I'm guessing no.
        
         | hannob wrote:
         | > It concerns domestic net emissions. Meaning that the policy
         | is incentiving to de-localisation of industry in China
         | 
         | This is simply not true.
         | 
         | The EU is trying to adress this with a mechanism called CBAM
         | (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). It's complicated and not
         | sure how well it'll work out, but claiming that this is not
         | adressed is wrong.
        
       | Zenst wrote:
       | Understandable given France has invested heavily into such power
       | generation due to policy many decades ago to be energy self
       | sufficient. That has seen France build up a nice collection of
       | skilled workers across the board from building such power
       | stations thru to management.
       | 
       | You can read up some background here: https://www.world-
       | nuclear.org/information-library/country-pr... I'd imagine having
       | the green label will make export sales better as companies can
       | bulk up their `green` quota of energy supplies much easier and
       | that stigma hasn't helped.
       | 
       | [EDIT ADD] If you look at the commissioning dates of the bulk of
       | Frances reactors and the life-cycle of those reactors. You will
       | notice that within the next ten years - many reactors will need
       | decommissioning. So a push to get them labelled as green is very
       | much in Frances interest to justify replacing end of life
       | reactors. Otherwise they may well fall foul of energy production
       | quota targets down the line by the EU.
        
         | johnchristopher wrote:
         | 5 or 10 years ago I watched a documentary about France's
         | nuclear workers (I live in Belgium).
         | 
         | One guy said they had lost a lot of their know how when
         | building nuclear plants abroad and were spread too thin now to
         | manage all the plants.
         | 
         | He also said that privatization of small contractors to conduct
         | routine maintenance had led to tighter schedules and an
         | increase in small accidents. He wasn't confident the nuclear
         | park was safe enough.
         | 
         | Most signatures are from Eastern Europe. It'd be great for
         | France's finances to build nuclear plants in western Europe,
         | the west has a strong anti nuclear stance at the moment.
        
           | orwin wrote:
           | > He also said that privatization of small contractors to
           | conduct routine maintenance had led to tighter schedules and
           | an increase in small accidents. He wasn't confident the
           | nuclear park was safe enough.
           | 
           | Yes, this is probably the biggest issue for nuclear, and the
           | biggest safety risk.
           | 
           | Some contractors are good. If you work in software, you know
           | what percentage of them are good, and from those, what
           | percentage actually get shit done.
        
       | Manuel_D wrote:
       | Nuclear power has net CO2 emissions at least as good as, and by
       | some estimates better than, renewables like wind and solar:
       | https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5...
        
       | tonoto wrote:
       | Very good and hopefully that will make the collective opinion
       | strong enough to force the politicians in Sweden to scale up
       | instead of scaling down the nuclear plants. Instead of lots of
       | stable energy we now have more of wind mills turning big areas of
       | nature into industrial zones which in turn have made the
       | electricity price to become even more expensive.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | This seems to be an unpopular opinion on HN but I just don't
       | trust humans to manage fission power in the long term at scale.
       | 
       | First, there are the issues of storage and disposal of enrichment
       | byproducts, specifically depleted Uranium Hexaflouride ("DUJF" or
       | UF6).
       | 
       | Second, there's what to do with old fuel rods. Proponents argue
       | this is a solved problem and it can be stored for the long term
       | in geologically stable storage facilities. This is just one
       | political change away from becoming a huge problem.
       | 
       | Neither really scales up to 100x or even 10x current fission
       | energy production.
       | 
       | Third, there's long-term maintenance of a plant. Arguments about
       | the relative safety of fission point to deaths caused by coal.
       | Coal is really the worst fossil fuel. LNG is better. But
       | regardless of the numbers, the failure modes are just much, much
       | worse for nuclear. 35 years later, the Chernobyl Absolute
       | Exclusion Zone still stands at 1000 square miles. Parts of this
       | zone will likely remain uninhabitable for centuries.
       | 
       | I just don't trust governments or corporations for the long term
       | inspection, maintenance and management of fission power plants in
       | the long term.
       | 
       | Lastly, the politics are against fission. This seems unlikely to
       | change anytime soon.
        
         | opwieurposiu wrote:
         | Used fuel from thermal reactors can be processed into fuel for
         | fast reactors. The fast reactor burns up all the transuranium
         | elements so that the waste ends up with only the short lived
         | fission products. These short lived products decay to
         | background in 300 years or so, so the amount of time it needs
         | to be stored is much more manageable.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_fast_reactor#Advantag...
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | So if we can process nuclear waste in fast reactors like
           | this, why haven't we done so with existing nuclear waste?
           | Scale? Cost? Something else?
        
             | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
             | Probably because all (usable) waste (the fuel rods) needs
             | to be disassembled (reprocessed) to enable usage somewhere
             | else. With new casings. Which then needs to be disassembled
             | too, after the contents are 'sucked empty'.
        
             | opwieurposiu wrote:
             | The cost issue: Storing spent fuel is pretty cheap because
             | it is not very voluminous. The USA has produced about 85k
             | tons of spent fuel, which would fit into a single football
             | stadium. This means the cheapest thing to do is just kick
             | the can down the road.
             | 
             | The proliferation issue: Waste burners require processing
             | of spent fuel, which some states believe is a weapons
             | proliferation risk.
             | 
             | The sodium issue: Liquid sodium requires very careful
             | construction of the steam generators and piping to keep it
             | from contacting air or water. This is a sort-of solved
             | problem in that all the sodium cooled reactors have
             | experienced sodium leaks from time to time, but those leaks
             | have been fixed without significant radioactive release.
             | This is an issue that improves with operator experience.
             | 
             | The russians do have one waste burning fast reactor
             | running, the BN-800. If they can do it, so can we.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BN-800_reactor
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Doesn't thorium address some of these issues?
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | Thorium is complicated. I'd suggest [1] [2] as a good primer
           | on this issue.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IqcRl849R0
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baQelfQAH54
        
           | moonfern wrote:
           | The Gobi Molten salt reactor is finished and testing has
           | begun. China thinks that in 2030 commercial thorium reactors
           | will be available.
        
         | GrumpyNl wrote:
         | "Second, there's what to do with old fuel rods. Proponents
         | argue this is a solved problem and it can be stored for the
         | long term in geologically stable storage facilities." With
         | space travel becoming cheaper and cheaper, cant we deposit that
         | on the moon for example?
        
           | adt2bt wrote:
           | The general concern there is a rocket malfunction spewing
           | spent fuel rods over a large terrestrial area before it gets
           | the chance to reach the moon.
        
             | blaze33 wrote:
             | Yes. Also, given the huge volume of radioactive waste (eg.
             | like 10s of thousands cubic meters just in France) it would
             | require thousands of rocket launches for such an endeavour.
             | 
             | Launch failure rates at best nearing 1%, space don't look
             | like our best option here.
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | From edf:
               | 
               | "Ces dechets sont constitues, principalement, des
               | matieres non valorisables recuperees apres le traitement
               | du combustible use. Les matieres sont incorporees dans du
               | verre en fusion, lui-meme coule dans un conteneur en
               | acier. Les conteneurs contiennent 400 kg de verre pour 11
               | kg de dechets. Les conteneurs, en raison de la chaleur
               | qu'ils degagent, doivent etre entreposes pour etre
               | refroidis pendant au moins une cinquantaine d'annees
               | avant d'etre definitivement stockes. Le volume total de
               | ces dechets equivaudra a 6 700 m3 a l'issue de 40 annees
               | d'exploitation du parc nucleaire francais. Les dechets a
               | vie longue representent 10 % du volume total des dechets
               | et concentrent 99,9 % de la radioactivite."[0]
               | 
               | So 6300 cubic meter over 40 years of operations. [edit]
               | counting the glass to make them manipulable.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://www.edf.fr/sites/default/files/contrib/groupe-
               | edf/pr...
        
         | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
         | The stuff could be usable in a
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous_fission_reactor#Energy...
         | a.k.a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_lightbulb
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | Bill Gates new nuclear power plant design is being built in
         | Wyoming.
         | 
         | These things are small and cheap.
         | 
         | " The project features a 345 megawatt sodium-cooled fast
         | reactor with molten salt-based energy storage that could boost
         | the system's power output to 500 MW during peak power demand.
         | TerraPower said last year that the plants would cost about $1
         | billion."
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/utility-small-nuclea...
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | I, for one, welcome newer and better reactor designs.
           | 
           | This doesn't solve the significant issues of fuel enrichment
           | and waste storage and disposal however and we need a much
           | better story for those before fission power has any kind of
           | future (IMHO).
        
         | linuxhansl wrote:
         | Fair points. (I hope nobody downvoted you)
         | 
         | I somewhat disagree on your general point, though. Pellet
         | reactor (mostly?) solve the spent fuel issue. Also, I believe
         | that due to unreasonable negative opinion we're behind a few
         | decades where we could be in terms of research.
         | 
         | And as I said in my earlier comment, it is exactly this lack of
         | public support that had (and has) us running old timer nuclear
         | plants (like Chernobyl, Fukushima, and most of the currently
         | operated plants in the US, the EU, and elsewhere).
         | 
         | But I agree 100% that the problems you cite need to solved, and
         | these solutions have to be communicated.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | I don't think any of the GP's arguments hold up.
           | 
           | > there are the issues of storage and disposal of enrichment
           | byproducts
           | 
           | Omega Tau did an in depth analysis of all the storage issues,
           | including the byproducts and how they are managed.
           | 
           | https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/omegataupodcast/omegatau-3.
           | ..
           | 
           | These are solved problems.
           | 
           | > what to do with old fuel rods
           | 
           | ...same as above. The quantity here is far far smaller than
           | most people imagine and it's a very manageable amount - even
           | if scaled 100x. We're talking about 1 barrel per reactor per
           | year.
           | 
           | > there's long-term maintenance of a plant
           | 
           | Modern Gen III plants are build such that any failure in the
           | control systems, causes the reactor to turn off via a,
           | usually, gravity system - so no power needed to turn off the
           | reaction. They are essentially constantly being told to stay
           | on.
           | 
           | Accidents as we've seen in the past are not possible with Gen
           | III reactors. ...the failure modes are just much, much worse
           | for nuclear
           | 
           | More relevant though is that the success condition for
           | LNG/Coal/Oil/etc plants is Global Climate Change. THAT is the
           | critical issue.
           | 
           | Also, the notion that nuclear storage facilities are somehow
           | massive liabilities when the nations of the world currently
           | already have literally tens of thousands of nuclear
           | bombs/missiles, seems odd. There is a far far greater
           | likelihood of Climate Change triggered nuclear war than
           | nuclear waste misuse.
           | 
           | The real problem with nuclear is public ignorance. What I
           | find a remarkable contradiction is how anti-nuclear advocates
           | claim we need to convince the public that Climate Change is
           | real, but then throw up their hands as hopeless when there's
           | a suggestion that nuclear misinformation should be combated.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | It may not be popular, because it is just not very logical or
         | pragmatic. Setting aside the vagaries of politics, as those
         | will eventually change the same way pendulum swings, the simple
         | reality is that we simply won't be able to dig around for coal,
         | gas and oil for that much longer. Something has got to give.
        
           | estaseuropano wrote:
           | The op gives clear and sound reasons which you dismiss as
           | illogical without any actual argument. Your answer also
           | misses the obvious point of renewables.
           | 
           | I fully agree with the op, no way nuclear is long-term safe
           | and if we poured the trillions that have been poured into
           | nuclear into renewables the world already would be a lot
           | nicer. But renewables are much harder to monopolize so the
           | big players never really wanted to support them.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | "But renewables are much harder to monopolize so the big
             | players never really wanted to support them."
             | 
             | Compared to nuclear power? Yeah. Almost by default getting
             | nuclear power up and running requires government
             | intervention and this is where it hurts. There is no
             | privatization money to skim ( unlike renewables ). It is
             | monopolized, but it is monopolized the way government
             | monopolizes things (
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_monopoly ).
             | 
             | "if we poured the trillions that have been poured into
             | nuclear into renewables the world already would be a lot
             | nicer. "
             | 
             | It is possible ( I was wrong before ), but I would like you
             | to consider the following:
             | 
             | Solar panels require rare earths. They are called rare not
             | for shits and giggles. What do you think will happen when
             | entire Earth starts looking for them. Consider scalability
             | issues and all of a sudden, digging for oil looks better.
             | We have an interesting view of the coming attractions with
             | Tesla (
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-25/musk-
             | says... ) and some of the tall tales of him supporting a
             | coup to get the resources he needed.
             | 
             | Similar list of issues run for other renewables with
             | possible exception of geothermal, so I think 'a lot nicer'
             | may be a bit of exaggeration. It is going to sound really
             | cynical, but to me it sounds like pockets where the money
             | reside will change.
             | 
             | That is it. With nuclear -- some of that money will dry up.
             | Hence, partially, the cry out against it.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Rare earths aren't rare. Nor are they earths. It's just
               | an old name
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I suppose we can play a semantic game, but it does not
               | change the actual result does it? They could be called
               | Albino Chickens for all I care.
               | 
               | Rare earths are rare on the market right now, because
               | China managed to monopolize the market. To make it more
               | amusing, extraction of those materials is not exactly
               | easy on the environment, which makes it less likely that
               | Western countries will allow it in their backyard.
               | 
               | With that out of the way what about my argument is wrong?
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | > solar panels require rare earths.
               | 
               | They don't require them, and most common ones don't even
               | use them.
               | 
               | We already covered Rare Earths not being rare, but since
               | they're not really a big limiter on renewable energy
               | anyway, it doesn't really matter.
               | 
               | So, to a rough approximation, everything is wrong with
               | your argument.
        
       | johnchristopher wrote:
       | I read that letter in the newspaper this morning and I had a few
       | questions about the claims being made:
       | 
       | - They claim nuclear could create a million of jobs in Europe.
       | What kind of jobs ? Is that job creation or job swapping ?
       | 
       | - Switching to nuclear power guarantees energy independence. But
       | where is the uranium we need ? How can we guarantee delivery ?
       | 
       | The argument I hear against building new nuclear plants is that
       | it's basically too late:
       | 
       | - it takes 30 years or more to build one
       | 
       | - it usually costs twice as planned
       | 
       | - it's way more expensive than renewables
       | 
       | - renewables can be deployed now
       | 
       | I do believe we should have built more nuclear plants 20 or 30
       | years ago but we were drunk on cheap oil and gas.
        
         | derlvative wrote:
         | Australia is the country wih the world's largest uranium
         | reserves. They seem to be a more agreeable trading partner than
         | Russia.
        
           | forty wrote:
           | From a French point of view, this might have become debatable
           | lately ;)
        
           | oblak wrote:
           | In what way is Australia more agreeable uranium selling
           | partner? I really don't know
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | I think construction timeframes all due to complex political
         | process and lack of proper experience.
         | 
         | With enough political will and accepting more reactors in
         | numbers I believe in 10 years, we could get plants up and
         | running in 5 year timeframe.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | > I think construction timeframes all due to complex
           | political process and lack of proper experience.
           | 
           | Are you aware that Hinkley Point is build by the EDF a French
           | company...they sure don't lack proper experience but the
           | project is still all OP listed.
           | 
           | Fission is no solution for the crisis.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | How many of those type of reactors have they build in past
             | 10 years? Unless they are building at least 1 a year I
             | don't consider it overall proper experience. And
             | realistically we should aim to much higher numbers, as at
             | that point most problems would already have solutions and
             | quality would be substantially higher with skilled workers.
        
               | Krasnol wrote:
               | I'm sorry but this is ridiculous.
               | 
               | Those fantasies would cost immense amounts of money in
               | the decades it would take to build up your "super
               | experience". The cost and speed of improvement of
               | renewable sources do not justify anything like that.
        
         | 08-15 wrote:
         | > I do believe we should have built more nuclear plants 20 or
         | 30 years ago
         | 
         | Would you like to know why we didn't?
         | 
         | Because climate activists told us 20 years ago that
         | 
         | - [a nuclear power plant] takes 30 years or more to build one
         | 
         | - [a nuclear power plant] usually costs twice as planned
         | 
         | - [nuclear power is] way more expensive than renewables
         | 
         | - renewables can be deployed now
         | 
         | Then we (Germany) wasted 20 years building renewables, and now
         | we are nowhere close to fulfilling our Kyoto commitment, and
         | got the most expensive electricity anywhere in the world. Well
         | done, climate activists!
        
           | johnchristopher wrote:
           | I do wonder why and how green parties were able to get
           | everyone else to retire nuclear plants but then nobody
           | (green, blue, red, etc.) set plans in motion to replace it.
        
         | djbebs wrote:
         | There are plenty of old abandoned uranium mines in portugal.
         | 
         | They were abandoned because the price of uranium is so cheap
         | it's not economical to mine it, but that can change if the
         | economics of the situation change (ie, it suddenly becomes
         | impossible to Import)
         | 
         | Regardless the point is moot. The amount of uranium required
         | isn't that huge.
        
       | pensatoio wrote:
       | Great news. Let's make it happen. Discussions about "green"
       | energy that don't involve nuclear are hypocritical at best and
       | ignorant at worst.
        
         | account4mypc wrote:
         | I think this is the right attitude. Even if you don't want to
         | use nuclear power, it obviously warrants serious attention.
        
           | wumpus wrote:
           | Using words like "ignorant" and "hypocritical" shows an
           | attitude problem.
        
             | RobRivera wrote:
             | we should aggregate all problematic words into a controlled
             | list to identify problematic people with problematic
             | attitudes to solve certain problems
             | 
             | - end sarcasm
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | I saw a photo of an entire hillside covered with solar panels
           | and it was being touted as some green energy achievement. But
           | then I realized that those solar panels have smothered the
           | habitat and that the actual energy output of that solar panel
           | array is very low compared to its footprint - not to mention
           | all the resources that went into producing all those panels.
           | It seems obvious to me that the best possible solution is
           | Nuclear Energy.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Then I consider that I live in cold climate with long and
             | dark winters. I wonder where is the truly grid scale energy
             | storage to go over winter...
             | 
             | Okay, currently it is Norway and it kinda works, but that
             | really doesn't look too good just now...
        
               | estaseuropano wrote:
               | Well Norway should probably not do solar (except
               | marginal, e.g. instead of traditional roof tiles solar
               | roofs instead). But Norway had plenty of hydro and
               | thermal options, even wind should work well in the more
               | southern areas.
        
             | coldpie wrote:
             | You're a bit off the mark with your perception of solar,
             | although you do come to the right conclusion. Solar panels
             | can interact well with the local environment[1] and their
             | production resources are sufficiently low as to still be a
             | genuinely clean source of energy[2]. Also, when comparing
             | production costs, consider that nuclear plants don't build
             | themselves and use a _lot_ of concrete, which has a major
             | carbon cost.
             | 
             | But your conclusion is right: nuclear is by far the best
             | power option we have right now.
             | 
             | [1] https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/bees-and-solar-
             | panel...
             | 
             | [2] "Researchers found that it takes just 1 to 4 years for
             | solar panels to "even out" or "pay back" their energy debt.
             | When you consider the fact that panels are designed to last
             | 20 to 25 years, on average, you can see why that's an
             | impressive rating." Includes link to source study,
             | https://www.solarmelon.com/faqs/solar-panels-use-energy-
             | manu...
        
               | eithed wrote:
               | I think we shouldn't be forgetting about the disposal of
               | solar panels as well -
               | https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/solar-panel-
               | was...
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | I'm pro-nuclear, but solar panel disposal in rich country
               | is almost solved. 94,7% recyclable, the recycling is
               | taken into account when you buy them (in Europe at
               | least), so its free to get them to the recycling plant
               | for the owner.
        
               | a9h74j wrote:
               | And then energy and transportation prices increase by a
               | factor of four, and it turns out not enough money was set
               | aside for solar-farm decomissioning??
        
             | estaseuropano wrote:
             | Solar seems like a best fit for existing buildings, like
             | Musk's solar roofs/windows. For wide spaces there can be
             | other options, like wind, which has a much lower footprint.
             | But even a well placed solar farm does not need to smother
             | wildlife, e.g. you leave space in between, plant lower
             | bushes, etc.
             | 
             | As regards efficiency, solar is nowadays not bad, there's a
             | reason it is the cheapest energy in many countries,
             | especially during the summer months.
        
         | JJzD wrote:
         | The issue is that even if we take care of the waste, nuclear
         | power can't scale in output in less than three days because of
         | safety procedures.
         | 
         | So it will push the real renewable energies off the net, and
         | we'll need gas turbines to handle day to day fluctuations.
        
           | delroth wrote:
           | That's entirely untrue. Nuclear power plant designs used in
           | France (and I think Germany?) participate in load following
           | and can do so between 30-100% capacity at around 5%/min.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#Operat.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_following_power_plant#Pre.
           | ..
        
       | linuxhansl wrote:
       | Good. Due do skewed and unreasonable public opinion it is
       | currently almost impossible to start new nuclear power projects.
       | As a result instead of modern, safe (passive cooling, etc)
       | nuclear plants we're running 30-40 year old, unsafe old timers!
       | 
       | Thorium pellet reactors, et al, are promising technologies for
       | safe and local power generation.
       | 
       | I believe the right answer is a mix of (safe) nuclear,
       | renewables, together with energy storage such as pump hydro
       | storage, can solve our energy needs. Then again, I'm a lay person
       | in this area.
        
         | mszyndel wrote:
         | Worth adding that in EU this is largely German public opinion.
         | And somehow the tail wags the dog.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | Angela Merkel was a disaster in this regard. The nation went
           | collectively insane after Fukushima and she cowed to the
           | public to win the next election rather than try to calm the
           | public ignorance.
           | 
           | Instead, Germany funded Russia's NordGas II pipeline to
           | replace the nuclear power they turned off with gas. Insane
           | stupidity.
        
             | nazka wrote:
             | And continue with their coal mines and turbines too...
        
             | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
             | While I concur with the 'disaster', the pipeline thing
             | seems to be more rooted in our former chancellor, a.k.a
             | Gazprom Gerd. Revolving door, and such, you know? :-)
        
             | joecool1029 wrote:
             | As stupid as this policy was, it wasn't started by Merkel.
             | She just sped it up.
             | 
             | The previous chancellor Schroder, now a foreign Russian
             | energy minister, set the schedule into motion for nuclear
             | shutdown.[1]
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der#Rel
             | ation...
        
           | lrem wrote:
           | Is it so? Constituting a quarter of the gdp, Germany doesn't
           | seem to qualify as "the tail".
        
             | buran77 wrote:
             | Is public opinion weight a matter of GDP? Should it?
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | Hasn't Bill Gates done a lot with nuclear reactor design?
        
           | callistus wrote:
           | Yes: https://www.terrapower.com/
        
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