[HN Gopher] Autonomous drone navigates independently through the...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Autonomous drone navigates independently through the forest at 40
       km/h
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 391 points
       Date   : 2021-10-07 21:56 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.media.uzh.ch)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.media.uzh.ch)
        
       | pcmaffey wrote:
       | Imagine all the wild game we could hunt with this. No one will
       | ever have to go hungry again!
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | Until there's no more wild game. Countries that don't regulate
         | hunting have no game left in their woods.
        
       | woah wrote:
       | Why is this possible and self driving cars aren't?
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | the drones are doing 3D from stereo. My understanding those
         | autonomous cars we see around SV don't do it (except for some
         | Ford sedans - probably Ford venture - who have what looks like
         | stereo for the front view). Google and some others build 3D
         | from lidar - it is almost as good as stereo though much less
         | resolution. The low lidar resolution is close to being good
         | enough for the street driving while it wouldn't work for the
         | forest at meaningful speeds (even if somebody managed to place
         | a lidar on drone)
        
         | sreekotay wrote:
         | (Essentially) static environment?
        
         | fxtentacle wrote:
         | Because they are also cherry-picking the best results for their
         | demo video, just like everyone else.
         | 
         | Also, the cost of mistake is vastly different. Drone crashing
         | into a tree? $1000 mistake. Car crashing into a group of
         | schoolchildren?
        
           | chuckee wrote:
           | Priceless.
        
             | spurgu wrote:
             | Invaluable.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | Tuesday.
        
         | stephc_int13 wrote:
         | Almost static scene. Drones are also not trying to avoid each
         | others, I'd be curious to see them trying to fly as a dense
         | flock in the forest, or at human height in a crowd.
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | Lower stakes.
        
         | maverwa wrote:
         | These drones need to be able to do one thing: - do not hit the
         | tree (or ground)
         | 
         | And the things not to not hit are basically static. Year, Wind
         | might move parts of them here and there, but you can just try
         | to make sure to avoid them far enough. And we do not see if
         | they can do event that.
         | 
         | Self driving cars on the other hand... - avoid static objects
         | (like trees, or houses) - stay in lane - detect and act on
         | traffic signs and lights - detect other moving object and
         | predict where they will be in the near future - watch for
         | suddenly appearing lifeforms all around you, do not hit them! -
         | if you leave your lane, do so orderly - do all that at speeds
         | far over 40km/h
         | 
         | I think the "static objects" parts is not the hardest part on
         | that list.RADAR/LIDAR are good at that. I imagine the
         | "everything and everyone is moving in random directions" part
         | makes things harder.
        
         | samizdis wrote:
         | Maybe this approach will help, as suggested in the article:
         | 
         |  _The applications are not limited to quadrotors. The
         | researchers explain that the same approach could be useful for
         | improving the performance of autonomous cars ..._
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | Trees don't suddenly run out in front of drones or make
         | unexpected high speed turns.
        
         | cletus wrote:
         | People get overconfident with self-driving cars because they
         | consider the problem as navigating from A to B while driving
         | along the road within the law. That's the easy par The hard
         | part is the long tail of human behaviour and the unexpected you
         | have to deal with.
         | 
         | Just consider an object on the road. Is it roadkill? Trash?
         | Will it get out of the way? Is it a person under a blanket? In
         | some places it may well be a person to get you to stop so they
         | can rob you or worse.
         | 
         | It's said that humans are motivated by fear and greed when it
         | comes down to it. Let's talk about fear.
         | 
         | A lot of what keeps people inline is implicitly or explicitly
         | fear of what people might do. They're an unknown. It's why a
         | burglar may not care about an alarm but a dog is a deterrent.
         | Will that dog bite? Fear of those unknowns makes the burglar
         | look for easier prey. Not always but statistically often. It's
         | one reason why people get dogs.
         | 
         | It's the whole basis for having doormen and the like in
         | buildings over automated systems. That doorman is a much bigger
         | unknown and can react in ways machines can't.
         | 
         | It's the same on the road. There's only so rude or
         | inconsiderate many drivers will be because they fear the
         | consequences of road rage and such.
         | 
         | So what happens when such a driver sees a car that is self-
         | driving? It is absolutely naive to assume that drive won't
         | change their behaviour.
         | 
         | When flying through a forest, you're basically just dodging
         | trees. Wildlife will tend to avoid you. Just identifying larger
         | wildlife and steering clear of them is likely sufficient.
         | Driving is just much more difficult.
         | 
         | I'd say self-driving cars in the sense where the car isn't even
         | designed to have a human driver anymore is at least 20+ years
         | away (and, much like AGI, probably will remain that way for
         | some time).
         | 
         | Instead you'll have what we already have to some degree: driver
         | assistance for the simpler parts of driving like staying in a
         | lane on a highway and avoiding hitting the car in front of you.
         | That's the easy part. Over time, more and more of those
         | features will be automated. But it's still going to be a giant
         | leap to autonomous driving.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | Trees don't cross the street.
        
         | giuliomagnifico wrote:
         | Trees don't cross the streets.
        
       | adenverd wrote:
       | The US DoD already has drones with these capabilities for recon
       | in contested buildings and caves:
       | 
       | https://vimeo.com/316222669
       | 
       | https://shield.ai/products/nova-class
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/story/shield-ai-quadcopter-military-dr...
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | Not sure if it's a fair comparison when the links you posted do
         | not include any real evidence of flight agility or video of the
         | actual drone. It's probably because of classified nature of
         | this project, but still we don't know how similar these
         | capabilities are.
        
       | Permit wrote:
       | One thing that stood out to me is that they train it entirely on
       | simulated data and deploy it without needing any fine-tuning on
       | real-world data.
       | 
       | I took one of Andrew Ng's deep learning courses a few years ago
       | and remember him saying that this approach typically doesn't
       | work. It sounds like that's no longer the case which is really
       | cool because it's relatively cheap/easy to generate simulated
       | data.
       | 
       | Is this a more common approach these days? Are there any other
       | interesting examples to point to?
        
         | Matumio wrote:
         | It seems the tide is turning for sim2real. This article "Robots
         | Must Be Ephemeralized" goes into some details, recently posted
         | on HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28605633
        
         | williamtrask wrote:
         | This depends almost entirely on the accuracy of the simulated
         | environment relative to the real world. If we have very
         | accurate simulators then sim2real isn't too bad. If we have
         | poor simulators (or simulators which don't fully capture that
         | <0.1% probability action that happens to have REALLY bad
         | consequences...) then sim2real doesn't work.
         | 
         | Flying a drone through a static forrest in no-wind (no moving
         | branches, etc.) seems like a reasonable sim2real environment,
         | in part because... well... video games have had forrests and
         | trees don't tend to move very fast unless there's wind.
         | 
         | But sim2real for self driving cars is a lot harder given the
         | huge diversity in streets and freak events that happen (people,
         | bicycles, shopping carts, piano-delivery-trucks)
         | 
         | - Twitter: @iamtrask
        
           | adenverd wrote:
           | I'll add that real world sensors (including cameras) are
           | noisy in ways that are difficult to model 100% accurately in
           | simulation. Same thing with aerodynamic effects, especially
           | when the drone gets close to the ground or other objects, or
           | y'know...it's windy outside. Dealing with these types of
           | noise and unpredictably and building in resilience to them is
           | a big part of testing and validating systems like these, and
           | can only happen in the real world.
           | 
           | I'm pretty confident the drone linked in this article doesn't
           | have high reliability. I'd be shocked if they managed to get
           | >70% critical without significant real-world iteration.
        
             | meheleventyone wrote:
             | I think it basically helps that quadcopters are already
             | computer stabilized and highly manoeuvrable so the problem
             | is more identifying spaces to move into and motion planning
             | through them. What's impressive since the last time this
             | kind of thing was posted is the increase in speed and at
             | least in the provided video the ability to avoid really
             | quite small branches.
        
             | apendleton wrote:
             | It looks from the video someone linked to above that these
             | things don't use cameras, just depth sensors -- maybe
             | they're easier to simulate? It looks like they do introduce
             | noise into their simulated depth-sensor data, but maybe
             | that's more straightforward than creating realistic visual
             | noise.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | The simulation is a bit of a red herring, in this case. What
         | operated in simulation was not the neural net but a different
         | algorithm. The article calls it a "simulated expert" and my
         | guess is that it was most likely a classical planner. This
         | "simulated expert" was given all the information and,
         | crucially, all the _time_ it needed to fly through a simulated
         | environment (or possibly many more than one). The neural net
         | was then trained on examples of the "simulated expert's"
         | behaviour. Then the trained model was loaded onto the drone and
         | was used to pilot the drone, essentially predicting the path
         | the "simulated expert" would have taken in a similar situation.
         | 
         | In short the "trick" is that they generated a plan offline and
         | then learned to approximate it to avoid having to re-generate
         | it for every flight, which is very time-consuming and wouldn't
         | allow fast flight.
         | 
         | It's clever and as the authors are quoted to say in the
         | article, it doesn't rely on a very precise simulation, since
         | the neural net doesn't have to be trained in a simulator and a
         | classical planner doesn't need very granular detail (it's just
         | slow). On the other hand, it's difficult to know how well it
         | works in practice because "flying through a forest" is not
         | really an objective measure, insofar as there is no ISO
         | standard for what "forest" means. Sparse forest? Dense forest?
         | Conifers? Other...? The news item above says that the approach
         | was tested on "previously unseen" environments, but that, too,
         | is a very fuzzy expression. So while this is very impressive
         | news (without having read the original work) keep an open mind
         | about whether this will really work in arbitrary environments
         | in the real world.
        
         | siekmanj wrote:
         | The sim2real approach can work pretty well as long as you are
         | _very_ in tune with where your simulator falls short relative
         | to the real world and take steps to circumvent those
         | shortcomings.
         | 
         | Here's some work my lab did on sim2real for a roughly human-
         | scale bipedal robot (Cassie):
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPhEmC6b6XU
         | 
         | We were able to train the robot to climb stairs completely by
         | feel/proprioception without any sort of vision. We trained it
         | in simulation, and then transferred it to the real world
         | without issue.
        
         | muds wrote:
         | Yup! There are a ton of examples of this in robot learning. For
         | instance: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.10790 by NVIDIA uses
         | photorealistic images and something we call domain
         | randomization to efficiently bridge the sim2real gap for robot
         | grasping.
         | 
         | A core issue seems to be that the better the simulation, the
         | harder it is to generate (compute wise) but simple tweaks to
         | the generative process also go a long way.
        
       | pieterk wrote:
       | Those drones are so quiet, too! Awesome work!!
        
       | Borrible wrote:
       | A first step to your personal Holtzman shield:
       | 
       | https://www.wikihow.com/Build-an-EMP-Generator
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | How long before a small explosive is strapped to the tip and
       | aimed at humans with low social credit score? Would make for a
       | Running Man sequel, with some future Caligula.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | We already have heat seeking missiles. Even better, they're
         | much faster.
         | 
         | (Missiles are the original drones. Cruise missile = single use
         | drone.)
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | Yes, but the innovation could be individual precise
           | targeting. You could potentially keep a battery of these
           | drones at every intersection. Track every human using phones,
           | then deploy at will, at some threshold event, like a failed
           | covid test, or mean post on fb against the dear leader.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | They also cost about three orders of magnitude more than a
           | drone.
        
           | vdfs wrote:
           | Actually we have autonomous killing drones
           | https://www.cnet.com/news/autonomous-drone-attacked-
           | soldiers...
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | Explosives are only good for one hit. Knives(aka "Stabby the
         | Robot") are good for many kills.
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | I'm not sure if you've seen the original Mortal Combat movie.
           | There is a scene if I recall correctly where he's running
           | away through a forest chased by such a knife.
        
         | toomanydoubts wrote:
         | How about this? https://v.redd.it/93ahi2kxzwr71
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | Or this (airsoft drone): https://youtu.be/NS1KFmFw2Dw?t=230
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> or for security applications._
       | 
       | Wanna bet where the money comes from?
        
       | jjwiseman wrote:
       | Nvidia did forest trail navigation several years ago; I wonder if
       | it's a precursor to this.
       | https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-researchers-release...
        
       | 05 wrote:
       | But.. can they deal with scraggle?
        
       | anonAndOn wrote:
       | Dystopian movies have obviously gotten it wrong. The attack
       | drones won't be slowly scanning the forest for escapees above the
       | canopy but will instead rip through the forest in large packs at
       | 40km/hr. How uber-dystopian.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | And then, once finding the target, an explosive charge blows up
         | in the drone to fire a single high speed projectile straight to
         | the target, punching a hole clean through the forehead for a
         | quick and humane death. You know you're finished once you've
         | locked eyes with a drone, maybe next time don't break the law.
        
           | anonAndOn wrote:
           | >maybe next time don't break the law
           | 
           | ...or engage in wrongthink. The Supreme Commander must never
           | be questioned even in private, peasant.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | These are basically the manhacks from Half Life 2
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | Yeah. I used to hate those things. Half-Life 2 also had
           | surveillance drones following people all over the city.
        
         | mcphage wrote:
         | Like the Langoliers...
        
         | Iv wrote:
         | American dystopian movies always give a chance to the hero
         | because a good ending is like an unviolable law of the
         | Hollywood universe.
         | 
         | In reality, automated killing happens without the target
         | receiving previous warning.
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | More like the end of the Sopranos then; it all goes black for
           | the lead character.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | Yes. I think anyone who wants to see the future of warfare
         | should take a look at robot sumo wrestling:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mS-L2fpV1Is
         | 
         | The future is not Star Wars style fights where lumbering ships
         | can't seem to reliably hit each other despite clear lines of
         | sight. The future is fast, precise, sterile and not something a
         | human can react to. The future is drones with knives slicing
         | your jugular before you know they are coming.
         | 
         | I'm an embedded SW programmer and the speed of computation
         | still boggles my mind sometimes.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | I always liked Peter F. Hamilton's description of space
           | battles from the Void trilogy that are all over in a fraction
           | of a second.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_Trilogy
        
             | ovi256 wrote:
             | It's the same in the Culture series. Near-God AI
             | motherships manufacture combat psychopath AI ships by the
             | thousand, which fight lower tech ships by overwritting
             | their CPU caches with EM effectors (very advanced versions
             | of phased array emitters) in milliseconds, taking them over
             | for their side. Rarely it gets to anti-matter and particle
             | beams.
        
               | pmezard wrote:
               | Well, "Excession" from the same series gets its fair
               | share of psychopath AIs using anti-matter and particle
               | beams during a few nanoseconds fight.
               | 
               | From the same Iain Banks, "Against a Dark Background"
               | features space battles where rules of engagement ban the
               | use of AI-controlled weapons.
        
             | iSnow wrote:
             | Or Stanislaw Lem from 1964's "The Invincible" where
             | autonomous drone swarms take out all life and complex
             | machinery. In the story, they evolve, but a lot of the
             | swarm behavior is similar to killer bot drone swarms like
             | from the clip above.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invincible
        
           | deadbolt wrote:
           | This video was posted to HN a couple years ago. It's the
           | first thing I think of whenever I watch one of these videos
           | of new drone tech.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CO6M2HsoIA
           | 
           | https://autonomousweapons.org/
        
             | narrator wrote:
             | The thing those movies get wrong is the moments of suspense
             | when the slaughterbot is chasing it's victim. They'll be
             | dead before they even contemplate running.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | It's not inconceivable that they'll follow their victims
               | for a bit to make sure that the face recognition doesn't
               | have a glitch.
               | 
               | Apparently you can also recognize someone by the way they
               | walk, so if you've recorded that before, getting them to
               | run around for a bit provides an extra level of
               | identification.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Unless, of course, you don't care about collateral
               | damage, in which case you might well kill first, verify
               | second.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Of course, but then you don't use a stupid drone. You
               | drop a hellfire missile from 10km up.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | If you're a nation state maybe. The question here is how
               | far down the cost of drones like these will go, and how
               | easy it will be to contain the technology.
        
               | vitiral wrote:
               | Thank you for your comforting assurances.
        
               | pixxel wrote:
               | Simply pop a small pebble in your shoe to change your
               | gait /s
        
             | giorgioz wrote:
             | I remember the video with the swarm of tiny drones dropped
             | from the airplane. It's very unrealistic in my opinion.
             | 
             | 3 types of problems:
             | 
             | 1) quadcopters battery is not great (yet) 2) AI is very
             | specialized 3) You underestimate how fast and creative a
             | human being is when survival is at stake.
             | 
             | 1) quadcopters battery is not great (yet) Quadcopters must
             | balance weight, energy and payload. Essentially drones
             | don't fly very long and any payload you add will increase
             | their weight and decrease their speed or flying time. In
             | the video the tiny drones are released from an airplane.
             | Already not sure if that would work, what about wind and
             | altitude? The drones might spend a significant part of
             | their battery just to reach the ground. They might be so
             | light that a gentle breeze would swipe them hundreds of
             | meters away. Even if battery will be better there will
             | always be a constraint on what it's possible to do and how
             | much it cost to build it. In the video the announcer says
             | 25 million USD for enough drones to wipe a city. Let's say
             | there are 5 million in the city and half is 2.5 million
             | people. Your budget than is 10USD per drone. Clearly that
             | budget is just too small.
             | 
             | 2) AI is very specialized Just because an AI can beat the
             | world champion at chess doesn't mean it can do anything
             | else at all. Take the same AI and change the chess board
             | size or another fixed parameter of chess. The AI will
             | likely not work at all without being retrained while a
             | human being will still manage to figure it out on the spot.
             | 
             | 3) Underestimating humans Alright somehow the tiny drones
             | with explosives reach the room. It's not like in nature we
             | don't have insects and birds flying at us. People have
             | reflexes to fly or fight. Most people would duck or protect
             | their face with hands. If you think the drone will be too
             | fast remember it's a 10USD drone dropped from an airplane.
             | Frankly it's a miracle even if manages to land on the
             | ground.
        
               | WA wrote:
               | Dude, this is what could happen easily within 10 years.
               | What is your point? That the video doesn't show the
               | reality of 2021?
               | 
               | How about you sign up for the "escape the AI
               | slaughterbots challenge" in 2030. Win $10,000 if you
               | survive the 1,000 Slaughterbots trying to kill you.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Depending on the capabilities of the drones that could be
               | absurdly trivial. GPS jamming scales to an infinite
               | number of drones.
               | 
               | For medium capability drones your budget is already in
               | the millions so it is only fair to use a medium
               | capability air defense system:
               | https://youtu.be/1DXpPmpmcak
               | 
               | Edit: Before you say that I don't get to defend myself
               | according to the threat level then a single person
               | beating me to death would be enough to kill me. Not very
               | interesting.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | It's naive to assume military research labs don't have
               | this in an advanced state of development right now, or
               | even combat-ready weapons that just haven't been used
               | yet.
               | 
               | I mean, it's obviously possible. That means militaries
               | have at the very least developed it to a proof of concept
               | by now. This kind of tech often exists for many years
               | before becoming publically known.
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | I have no problem seeing this as realistic.
               | 
               | > 1) quadcopters battery is not great
               | 
               | Dropping does not require energy. A drone-mothership will
               | obviously take wind in account when dropping the
               | dronelets. The video was not realistic in that regard
               | because the drones would probably be folded for initial
               | descent.
               | 
               | I find USD 10 is not unrealistic. Already now a device
               | with battery, chip, and motor can be manufactured for
               | under that. It will get cheaper.
               | 
               | 2) AI is very specialized
               | 
               | We've just seen how a drone navigates autonomously at
               | high speed without crashing. They don't need much more to
               | be killers.
               | 
               | 3) Underestimating humans
               | 
               | You have to be prepared to react well to a drone attack
               | like that. These things will not wait around for you to
               | figure it out.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >Dropping does not require energy. A drone-mothership
               | will obviously take wind in account when dropping the
               | dronelets. The video was not realistic in that regard
               | because the drones would probably be folded for initial
               | descent.
               | 
               | That already exists. It's called GBU-39/B Small Diameter
               | Bomb (SDB) and it has been obsoleted already by the
               | GBU-53/B StormBreaker. Yet nobody is freaking out.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/CxePhkdIo0o
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/hyaIrhGrCzo
               | 
               | Ohh and even a nice fictional animation:
               | https://youtu.be/n8u0l_c2_NA
        
             | outside1234 wrote:
             | Thank you for sharing - terrifying
        
           | user982 wrote:
           | "...how in the name of chaos did a lump of meat outwit and
           | destroy a _knife missile_?"
        
           | saltyfamiliar wrote:
           | Yes, I've been saying this for years. Everyone seems to
           | overlook the massive speed advantage they could have over us.
           | Even if they're not trying to kill us, aside from for
           | interacting with humans, there is no reason that they would
           | be constrained to operating at human compatible speeds. It's
           | possible that we could see them as operating on a completely
           | different time scale than us, similar to how we see fungus.
        
           | oska wrote:
           | Elon Musk got mocked when he talked about robots moving so
           | fast you'd need a strobe light to see them but typically for
           | Musk he was just a bit too early in his timeline. Definitely
           | the way things are going; why wouldn't they?
        
           | vdfs wrote:
           | Autonomous killing drones are already here
           | https://www.cnet.com/news/autonomous-drone-attacked-
           | soldiers...
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | While I have the same feeling as you, let's not forget that
         | those things don't have unlimited range and are vulnerable to
         | simple tools like a shotgun.
         | 
         | Anyway if they have infrared cameras, they'd be more efficient
         | by scanning the forest high in the sky and if they just rely on
         | normal cameras, good old camouflage still works.
         | 
         | I could be wrong but IMHO we're entering a period of
         | rarefaction of resources. I don't think in the future they will
         | waste precious resources like energy and drones to hunt common
         | people, it will be reserved for high profile cases.
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | In the future, the bad guys never miss. This is what 90% of pop
         | sci-fi gets wrong.
         | 
         | Speaking of fast, the Russians now have hypersonic missiles
         | that go roughly 14,000 miles per hour. That's more than 3 miles
         | a second! If you have a missile defense on board a ship, that
         | means the missile defense has to detect, target and kill that
         | missile in just a few seconds maximum.
        
           | dan_mctree wrote:
           | Yep, we might face a world where gun drones have perfect
           | accuracy from hundreds of meters away as well as split second
           | kill on sight decision making. You'd be dead before you'd see
           | it coming.
        
       | mabbo wrote:
       | While I see the obvious dystopian version of this, I'd still like
       | to see this tech in the hands of search and rescue teams.
       | 
       | People get lost in the woods all the time. Image a swarm of 100
       | of these drones, 200, 500, all flying at 40km/h in a coordinated
       | sweep, searching with multi-spectrum cameras and image
       | recognition.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | Problem is still that they might not fly for more than 20
         | minutes, especially if you add a lot of sensory and processing
         | power.
         | 
         | I have an older gen drone and they are amazing dust cleaners
         | when you launch them in your appartment. Only slightly
         | irratates they eyes.
         | 
         | But honestly I think power is still the technical barrier and
         | the reason we don't yet have drones for package delivery. They
         | won't fail because of sensory or software.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | Next gen drones of that size can reach 60km/h and I don't think
         | trees can significantly slow them down. So the end will at
         | least come fast.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | What I really want is a drone with a robust recovery system. I
         | want it to be able to hit tree limbs, fall to the ground, but
         | then right itself and take off again.
        
         | skinkestek wrote:
         | Police, military and SAR have this already in helicopters.
         | 
         | With good equipment you can scan large areas using only one
         | helicopter.
        
           | tastyfreeze wrote:
           | SAR is a statistical numbers game. Each search method
           | provides some degree of certainty of coverage. Aircraft can't
           | see through trees and thermographic cameras have a tough time
           | seeing hypothermic or dead people. Ground search is still
           | necessary even after a helicopter or fixed wing aircraft have
           | gone over a search zone.
           | 
           | A swarm of drones would allow a rapid search of an area with
           | similar coverage statistics as a manned ground search. But a
           | drone going 40 km/h could miss subtle clues like footprints
           | or freshly broken branches.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | All of this tech _can_ also be used for good. They 're
         | introducing that new Wifi standard because they claim it can
         | help monitor elderly people's heart rates. Surveillance cameras
         | are there against street crime and they scan our private data
         | in the cloud to prevent child pornography. Or take a look at
         | this pilot project in China:
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/ABoringDystopia/comments/q32799/bec...
         | 
         | Somehow the idea of autonomous winged cameras flying around all
         | over the place does not make me feel safe.
        
           | neither_color wrote:
           | It's interesting how they sell this over there vs in the
           | west. In the west you get very ominous, 1984 panopticon
           | connotations whenever cameras are introduced. You never see
           | this back and forth dialogue between your friendly overlords
           | and the people being watched.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | No need for autonomous winged cameras, even
           | 
           | A network of tiny cameras paired with wifi, can identify
           | everyone all the time. You also carry your phone on you and
           | now with Apple's latest improvements it won't really be "off"
           | when you turn it off.
           | 
           | They can hear through windows, lip read, and anything else.
           | All that's missing is a database that will cross compile all
           | this information to reconstruct everywhere youwere and
           | everything you've been doing, and your health characteristics
           | at every moment. From there it's pretty trivial AI to make
           | sure to do precrime and nip "undesirable" gatherings or
           | movements in the bud before they have a chance to take root.
           | 
           | Ironically, the one place you MAY have privacy would be end
           | to end encryptednetworks online.
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | "All that's missing is a database..."
             | 
             | Did you forget about this[1]?
             | 
             | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Data_Center
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | I can imagine cleanup effort required trying to recover 10-20%
         | of those drones after crashes/battery depletion, resulting in
         | littering forest with garbage.
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | You can just send a bunch of drones to clean up after it /s
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | Shouldn't be terribly difficult to embed a compact and
           | durable EPIRB kind of thing for locating when unable to
           | return...
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | Maybe we can have a drone swarm that cleans up the crashed
           | drones. You should have a fairly good idea of where they are
           | when they crash so you wouldn't need to do a full sweep of
           | the location.
        
           | nirui wrote:
           | Maybe a controversial opinion, but I think it's a rather
           | reasonable trade-off compare to say left someone dying in the
           | woods.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | >> someone dying in the woods.
             | 
             | Lots of people do die in the woods. It's a daily thing.
             | What is much rarer is to know that someone is _dying in the
             | woods_. The scenarios whereby these drones are lifesavers
             | are only those where a search has been launch and the lost
             | person is still alive but in peril of death. And even with
             | 100+ drones you still need to know the area of the person.
             | The woods can be very big.
             | 
             | The more efficient method, by far, is to have a device on
             | the person from the start. Better coordination between
             | search and cellular providers would do much in reducing
             | search areas, at least when looking for people carrying
             | cellphones.
        
               | mkr-hn wrote:
               | Like EPIRBs! The tech already exists and works anywhere
               | on the planet with no dependence on cell towers. I've
               | decided that if I ever go hiking in the woods, I'm going
               | to get HAM certified and carry a GPS radio with a beacon,
               | just in case.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_position-
               | indicating_...
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Those only work for people that know that they need help
               | and are able to activate the device. They don't work for
               | people who do not know how bad a situation they are in
               | and/or are injured to the point that they cannot activate
               | the device.
        
               | nirui wrote:
               | Let's don't get ourselves lost in the maze of arguments
               | here.
               | 
               | The big picture is, if you give the rescue team a good
               | tool, their success rate will then increase, sometime by
               | a big number.
               | 
               | There is a documentary about children missing in the
               | woods called Missing 411
               | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEA9-mEOZtA). If you
               | take look their search efforts, it is not hard to realize
               | how many weight can be lifted by an automatic area
               | scanning system.
               | 
               | In the documentary, the search and rescue team had to
               | walk step by step doing almost blind searches. If you
               | have an automatic system, you can just launch a scanning
               | array of say 50 drones, very quickly the data will come
               | in and provide indications on where the search effort
               | should be prioritized.
               | 
               | Bottom line is, such system is better than the current
               | (human manual search) one. If the technology can be
               | properly developed and utilized, it can help save more
               | lives.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Except that when you are looking for kids, and to a
               | lesser extent elderly people, they become afraid and
               | hide. Some rescued children talk of cyclops-like giants
               | hunting them in the dark ... rescuers with headlamps.
               | They hide from the people trying to find them, which
               | makes friendly dogs a particularly powerful tool as
               | nobody can really hide from a labrador. These people will
               | probably hide from a swarm of drones too. I would.
        
               | nirui wrote:
               | > Except that when you are looking for kids, and to a
               | lesser extent elderly people, they become afraid and
               | hide.
               | 
               | Then maybe let each drone carry a Teddy Bear or/and a
               | Rainbow Pony. I mean I would totally grab the wild drone
               | for it's micro controllers.
               | 
               | Now, the truth is, we don't know how people would
               | actually react to drones. Maybe a kid would hide even
               | deeper, but that's an edge case here. The important thing
               | is, this tool can generate real benefit for a rescue
               | operation that no other tool can provide. How to use it
               | properly is the responsibility of the rescue team.
               | 
               | Another thing is, with information provided by drones,
               | the search and rescue operation itself can become safer.
               | Which also enables a load of new possibilities.
        
               | breakfastduck wrote:
               | Just because it can save more lives doesn't mean it
               | overall 'better'. Because you're saving more lives at the
               | cost of hugely increased ecological impact.
        
             | dralley wrote:
             | Unless it ignites a forest fire
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | poopsmithe wrote:
               | put the fire out with more drones problem solved and
               | nobody dies
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Also:
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-06-07/thousand.
           | ..
           | 
           | > As many as 2,000 elegant tern eggs were abandoned on a
           | nesting island at Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve in
           | Huntington Beach after a drone crashed, scaring off the
           | would-be parents.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | If a drone is damaged while surveilling you and you don't
           | turn it in, they will deduct points from your social credit.
        
           | daemoncoder wrote:
           | With the 'no drone left behind' policy, there will be drones
           | to fetch injured drones.
        
             | mabbo wrote:
             | While I actually agree with your point, I have this image
             | in my mind if a "Simpsons-esq" scene like
             | 
             | "Mr Burns, we've lost 20% of our drones"
             | 
             | "Well then... Send more drones!"
             | 
             | But honestly, if the drones are operating as a swarm then a
             | downed drone could report it's last known location to it's
             | peers for easier recovery.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | Make them biodegradable.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > Image a swarm of 100 of these drones, 200, 500, all flying at
         | 40km/h in a coordinated sweep, searching with multi-spectrum
         | cameras and image recognition.
         | 
         | Now imagine those machines chasing down a thought criminal
         | desperately trying to hide in the woods in order to avoid
         | execution.
        
           | bluecalm wrote:
           | The law enforcement is already equipped well enough to get
           | you if you lead a normal life (addresses, phone etc.). The
           | technology won't change that. It can be used for things they
           | are not as good at though like finding people lost in the
           | woods or chasing criminals. I mean, if they deem you a "a
           | thought criminal" they can just knock on your door and take
           | you to jail. They don't need a swarm of drones to achieve it.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | I'm imagining them in a snowy forest chasing a boy carrying a
           | baby, while the boy uses memories of coldness to hide them
           | from the heat-sensitive cameras on the drones.
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | I can say I absolutely didn't understand the importance or
             | impact of some books they made me read in elementary school
             | until years later.
        
           | bostik wrote:
           | We don't need to imagine, someone already did. Just search
           | for "Slaughterbots".
        
             | belter wrote:
             | "Slaughterbots":
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/9CO6M2HsoIA
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | Holy shit that's horrifying. You can depopulate a whole
             | country with that and then just move into it.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | According to my napkin math it would cost 1.5 trillion
               | USD to kill every American with drones and I am already
               | assuming very cheap and capable ones, that you deploy
               | them near the target and that the target is incapable of
               | defending itself. The cost of deployment itself isn't
               | even included. Nuclear weapons are very cheap in
               | comparison.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | > Now imagine those machines chasing down a thought criminal
           | desperately trying to hide in the woods in order to avoid
           | execution.
           | 
           | If you're hiding in a forest and they know where you are
           | within 30 minutes of flying time - you've already lost. If
           | they don't have drones they can just use dogs.
           | 
           | The problems with this situation to solve, sorted by
           | priority:
           | 
           | - don't have a totalitarian state
           | 
           | - don't let them know your thoughts
           | 
           | - escape to a different country while you can
           | 
           | - don't let them know in which forest you're hiding
           | 
           | - don't let them know where exactly
           | 
           | Drones only change the last point, and only marginally at
           | that. Meanwhile we're collectively helping the internet
           | overlords with the first 4 points by carrying smartphones
           | everywhere and using google and facebook and whatsup etc.
        
             | titzer wrote:
             | > - don't have a totalitarian state
             | 
             | Except that democracies can and do slip into totalitarian
             | rule by autocrats who declare themselves the winner of
             | elections and then obliterate their political opponents.
             | 
             | > - don't let them know your thoughts
             | 
             | Uh, whoops, they just know everything you ever searched
             | for, watched, or bought online, who your friends and lovers
             | are, where you live, what music you listen to, and what
             | your genetic history is!
             | 
             | > - escape to a different country while you can
             | 
             | Except COVID and visas drying up, and anti-immigration
             | sentiment rising everywhere.
             | 
             | > - don't let them know in which forest you're hiding
             | 
             | Better disable GPS on every device near me then! As well as
             | disable every "CC" camera that's just for "security".
             | Better also shoot down any surveillance drones or
             | satellites!
             | 
             | > - don't let them know where exactly
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | That was my point? These are the hard problems that need
               | to be solved, not drones.
               | 
               | The solution is almost never technology, it's usually
               | politics and legislation.
        
               | hungryforcodes wrote:
               | So let's just give everyone nuclear weapons and hope for
               | the best.
        
               | jsilence wrote:
               | A mandatory gun for every person, but everyone only gets
               | one slug.
        
               | hungryforcodes wrote:
               | That's existentially very clever
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | And above those: Don't do a crime that will get you
             | executed.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | Or...ever be accused or framed for one.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Sometimes that's out of your hand. The people killed in
               | Nazi Germany had no choice in being Jewish or disabled.
               | 
               | Governments can change for the worse pretty quickly, if
               | you have one competent charismatic guy with the wrong
               | ambitions. So we would better not give such people the
               | tools to keep their power, if it ever comes to that.
        
               | mkr-hn wrote:
               | Or queer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr
               | _Sexualwissen...
        
               | wokkel wrote:
               | Like declaring yourself independent of the english crown.
               | Basically the usa wouldn't exist if they had tech like
               | this in the past.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | And yet, Afghanistan exists today as an independent
               | Taliban state. I think the English would still have
               | trouble projecting power across the pond indefinitely.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | We have enough problems running functional petrol
               | stations these days.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Sometimes that crime is having the audacity to exist.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | The point is reasonable; but drones are quite different to
             | dogs.
             | 
             | I imagine it is much cheaper maintain 100 drones, truck
             | them to where they are needed and have them swarm with some
             | level of facial or gait recognition than the equivalent
             | operation would be with dogs.
             | 
             | Also this could be centrally coordinated with cameras a lot
             | more cheaply over a wider area than at any point in the
             | past, with fewer people and less requirement for locals to
             | dob people in.
             | 
             | > ...don't have a totalitarian state...
             | 
             | After COVID, I'm not sure how feasible this step is.
             | "People should be allowed to leave their homes without
             | first having the required paperwork" does not even appear
             | to be a consensus view. And speaking from Australia even
             | that would be a step up from what we have had recently.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | The same exact argument can be made against end-to-end
             | encryption that is resilint against state actors ... if you
             | have to resort to sneaking around, your society has already
             | lost politically. Fix your government.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Well, yes. But in one case you're arguing for ban on
               | technology (drones) and in another you're arguing against
               | banning technology (encryption).
               | 
               | It's much easier not to ban something than to ban it,
               | especially when the state is hostile.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | The drones also solve the second to last point, if they
             | make it viable to just sweep all forests within travel
             | distance.
             | 
             | That's the important difference between dogs and drones:
             | you can't substantially bring down the price of trained
             | dogs with handlers. The costs of drones on the other hand
             | are guaranteed to go down with scale, both in terms of
             | capital costs and operating costs. So if your dystopian
             | goal can't be achieved by a couple drones, just deploy more
             | of them.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Compare this:
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HipTO_7mUOw
               | 
               | With this:
               | 
               | USA https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jlm2olEyXI
               | 
               | INDIA https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Aq2kJlbUXEw
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Reality is boring. The drones will be used for
               | surveillance but the death will be delivered by regular
               | firearms. The holocaust was "expensive" enough to justify
               | shipping people into a central location where they are
               | executed as efficiently as possible. What makes people
               | think that a government would be willing to spend $5000
               | per killed civilian when it has to kill hundreds of
               | millions?
        
           | adwn wrote:
           | Humanity has repeatedly proven that it is capable of extreme,
           | systematic cruelty without high-tech gadgets (take the
           | Holocaust or the Rwandan genocide, for example). Why do you
           | think that autonomous drones would make this worse?
           | 
           |  _" Now imagine an angry mob chasing down a thought criminal
           | desperately trying to hide in the woods in order to avoid
           | execution."_
           | 
           | This isn't any less frightning, in my opinion.
        
             | blfr wrote:
             | Holocaust was so striking to contemporaries, despite
             | genocide being fairly common in history, at least in part
             | because of its technological efficiency.
             | 
             | Technology also allows for more leverage. Hitler need an
             | entire modern nation state with millions of people, semi-
             | autonomous robots may give this power to a group of
             | thousands.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | OneTimePetes wrote:
               | No,to produce them you need thousands.
               | 
               | To control them you need one- or even none.
               | 
               | You could program a ethereum smart-contract virus, which
               | hires people to scam money, produce slaughterbots, ship
               | them to a city and strategically hit the soft underbelly
               | aka airports, roads and railways and communication.
               | 
               | If you stack the attack into waves and have the
               | slaughterbot parcels piled into flats by gig workers, you
               | can have a ideology free terror attack that kills
               | millions.
               | 
               | Such ATTAC-CELLs without members, are part of my games
               | lore.
               | 
               | Here is a picture of a standardized factory, made from
               | standardized components, making "slaughterbots" made from
               | standardized components.
               | 
               | https://springrts.com/phpbb/download/file.php?mode=view&i
               | d=1...
               | 
               | https://springrts.com/phpbb/download/file.php?mode=view&i
               | d=1...
               | 
               | PS: The main building block is a sort of hangrenadesized
               | fuel-container, with a fuelcell useable fuel that can be
               | chemically primed to be a explosive. A standardized
               | battery that could be exploded would do too..
        
               | DeWilde wrote:
               | Not really, Genghis and the other khans killed more than
               | Hitler using a fairly simple technique: divide the
               | captives by the number of your soldiers and each soldier
               | is tasked with killing the captives assigned to them.
               | They usually had around 100k soldiers, armed with bows
               | and knives, and killed tens of millions.
               | 
               | My point is, you don't need technology to achieve bad
               | things and it is the wrong thing we are focusing on when
               | trying to prevent these things. Nukes can already
               | annihilate billions yet here we are, not being
               | annihilated by nukes.
        
             | jdasdf wrote:
             | >Why do you think that autonomous drones would make this
             | worse?
             | 
             | Because it reduces the costs of doing it.
        
               | adwn wrote:
               | It doesn't really. Take the Rwandan genocide, they used
               | machetes and guns. Or lynch mobs: All you need is some
               | rope, and maybe pitch forks.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | People overestimate the cost of bullets and underestimate
               | the cost of advanced military weapons (drones in this
               | case).
        
             | freeflight wrote:
             | The Holocaust is a pretty bad example for "cruelty without
             | high-tech".
             | 
             | Nazis had census data on millions of people reaching back
             | decades, to sort trough that data, and search it for
             | "undesirables", they employed computation tech that was
             | cutting edge for its time [0], just like the methods of
             | killing millions of people saw quite some industrialized
             | innovation.
             | 
             | As such it's a rather blatant example for the whole new
             | levels of cruelty technology can enable humans to do.
             | 
             | The progress also didn't just stop there, what the Gestapo
             | and Stasi did, is child's play compared to the amount and
             | details of data that can nowadays be trivially collected on
             | whole population scales [1]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust
             | 
             | [1] https://opendatacity.github.io/stasi-vs-
             | nsa/english.html
        
               | thaufeki wrote:
               | Yeah, imagine the holocaust with these drones, or any of
               | the surveillance tech we have these days.
               | 
               | If a G7 state were to change in that way again, they
               | would almost certainly achieve their eradication goals
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I can already imagine people complain how the military is
               | wasting its budget on drones and should reinstate German
               | extermination camps to save money.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Majority of Jews during WW2 died outside of
               | death/concentration camps [1]. Army, police or SS rounded
               | up Jews in some majority-Jewish town or village, took
               | them to a nearby forest, forced them to dig their graves
               | and then shot everybody. Rinse and repeat. Sometimes non-
               | Jews helped, or even did it without Germans. Sometimes
               | they helped Jews and were killed with them. Sometimes
               | Germans just killed everybody. Sometimes they had list of
               | people to kill for political reason (for example
               | university professors, priests, politicians, army
               | officers, teachers etc. were targeted no matter their
               | ethnicity).
               | 
               | Vast majority of Jews before WW2 lived in small mostly-
               | Jewish towns and villages in eastern Poland and western
               | USSR. It would be inefficient to move them to death
               | camps, also you could steal from them when you murdered
               | them. Win-win.
               | 
               | There was no need for technology, nazis weren't checking
               | the papers or bothering with recording anything. There
               | are thousands of mass graves near formerly-Jewish towns.
               | Non-Jewish population was mostly helping to point the
               | Jews because they were competing for food and resources
               | during harsh occupation conditions, and besides Germans
               | were mass-murdering non-Jews too, just as a lower
               | priority. And if you protested you were Jewish too,
               | right?
               | 
               | According to Timothy Snyder the main difference between
               | countries where high or low percentage of Jews survived
               | nazi occupation wasn't antisemitism but how much pre-war
               | institutions were preserved. In countries where the nazi
               | occupation was negotiated and the rule of law was
               | preserved - it took months to confirm these people were
               | Jews, move them to camps, sort them, etc.
               | 
               | In places like eastern Europe - where Germans just
               | destroyed everything and law was practically non-existant
               | - why would you bother with all of that? It was basically
               | 4 years of the Purge. 1/6th of the population disappeared
               | in Poland between 1939 and 1945. Jews were about 10% of
               | pre-war population.
               | 
               | The involvement of IBM was shameful, but it wasn't
               | necessary. The only technology nazis needed was firearms.
               | And they could probably do it with knives and sticks if
               | they really wanted - like in Rwanda. Or like in USSR or
               | Communist China for that matter.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodlands
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | >>There was no need for technology, nazis weren't
               | checking the papers or bothering with recording anything.
               | 
               | Most of what you said is true, except for this part.
               | Nazis did make actual recordings(as in - videos) of
               | exterminations conducted in eastern Poland, especially in
               | the area that is now Ukraine, conducted both by
               | themselves as well as the local population(threatened
               | with death otherwise of course), all to show back in
               | Third Reich as proof fo barbarism in the countries they
               | were conquering. I really recommend reading Stanislaw
               | Lem's biography on that topic, since he lived in pre and
               | in-war Lwow.
               | 
               | >>The involvement of IBM was shameful, but it wasn't
               | necessary.
               | 
               | I mean, that's a bit of a weird argument to make. Yes,
               | places like Auschwitz could have exterminated as many
               | people as they did even without IBM's help, but the whole
               | point is that Nazis liked efficiency and the tech allowed
               | them to keep track of what they were doing(in the
               | concentration camps, like you said outside of them Nazis
               | didn't bother to track much of anything)
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | On the IBM front - IBM helped Nazi Germany run
               | concentration camps, the number tatooed on every prisoner
               | was an IBM-managed inventory number, they had offices and
               | workshops near concentration camps to help run, operate
               | and maintain the machines used by the Nazis, as much as
               | IBM would like to forget that part of history now. So
               | yes, Nazis were definitely using cutting edge tech for
               | its time to help with their extermination efforts.
               | 
               | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ICISEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT298
               | &lp...
        
           | mabbo wrote:
           | I mean, sure, that's the dystopian version.
           | 
           | But the problem to me with that vision is the existence of
           | "thought crimes" and not the method by which such criminals
           | are being chased.
           | 
           | The government isn't waiting to pass thought crime laws
           | because they just don't quite yet have the ability to search
           | a forest for people. That's not the big barrier here.
           | 
           | But people are still lost in the woods.
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | Well, if it wasn't drones it would be something else.
           | 
           | Or in other words, should we slow or stop technological
           | advances because they may get into the wrong hands?
           | 
           | And, for part 2, who decides what's wrong?
        
             | hungryforcodes wrote:
             | 1: Yes. That's exactly what we've tried to do with nuclear
             | weapons and it's still pretty controlled.
             | 
             | 2: Everyone. It's sort of a planetary wide, group decision.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | The amount of energy, tech and brain power we're spending on
         | ever lower impact / less rewarding topics is scary. It's
         | equally dystopian to me to be honest
        
         | nspattak wrote:
         | The same is true for any human achievement: humans have used
         | fire to burn other people as well as stay warm and metallurgy,
         | knifes as tools or for war etc.
         | 
         | autonomous drones can clearly be very useful.
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | > The new approach could be useful in emergencies, on
       | construction sites or for security applications.
       | 
       | Fleeing into the woods will no longer be an option...
        
         | kypro wrote:
         | Not that I don't also find this dystopian, but thermal cameras
         | have been a thing for years and they're already pretty good at
         | catching people who flee into the woods.
        
           | pzo wrote:
           | You also have many animals in the woods that will show up on
           | thermal camera. It's a different level of scale, sending
           | humans with thermal cameras, walking slowly and identifying
           | if someone is human or animal versus dozen drones doing the
           | same things autonomously and much faster than human.
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | What's the range of those things? And as said elsewhere,
         | they're vulnerable to a shotgun.
        
       | fennecfoxy wrote:
       | 2018 https://spectrum.ieee.org/skydio-r1-drone
        
       | beej71 wrote:
       | That's pretty amazing. I vote we use it for good.
       | 
       | (Though that POV shot in the forest looked straight out of Evil
       | Dead II.)
        
       | ctrlp wrote:
       | Just like Star Wars speeder bikes. Could these have made the
       | filming of that scene simpler? [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTHXig8ZdTI
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | The crucial difference is their use of a stereo depth camera.
       | 
       | Great to see good tech deployed in the wild, but I'm not terribly
       | impressed by the machine learning side of this.
        
       | kepano wrote:
       | This is great. About ~6 years ago there was a story on HN from
       | MIT titled "Self-flying drone dips, darts and dives through trees
       | at 30 mph"[0]. It was a fixed wing drone, rather cautiously
       | flying near a few trees. At the time my comment was:
       | 
       | > I guess I was expecting something more like this goshawk flying
       | through a forest, but maybe it's too much to ask for :)
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-_RHRAzUHM&start=100
       | 
       | Now 6 years later, the drone seems almost on par with the
       | capabilities of the goshawk. Pretty amazing!
       | 
       | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10495966
        
       | andrei821 wrote:
       | In Romania, Rangers and activists are often threatened or even
       | beaten by wood thefts. Drones can be a highly effective method of
       | stopping deforestation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | robotresearcher wrote:
       | Don't be distracted by the apparent application. This is academic
       | work. The achievement is the state estimation and control
       | sufficient to fly fast around a semi-structured environment
       | without a map.
       | 
       | No one really cares very much about flying fast through trees,
       | though it's cool as hell. The point is that they are pushing the
       | performance envelope so that more applications fall inside it.
       | 
       | Davide's team has made great contributions in sensing and
       | controls for UAVs over the years. Great stuff.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | This is incredible !
       | 
       | 1) Make a simulation of the world for monte carlo
       | 
       | 2) Do complex processing for obstacle avoidance
       | 
       | 3) Make the drones "learn" from only the internal states what to
       | do
       | 
       | And voila, you teach a new robot old tricks
        
       | fjdiod wrote:
       | http://rpg.ifi.uzh.ch/docs/Loquercio21_Science.pdf Original paper
        
       | mLuby wrote:
       | There's so-called "nuclear breakout time" for how quickly a non-
       | nuclear nation could create nuclear weapons.[1]
       | 
       | Time for a similar "slaughterbot breakout time."[2] However
       | unlike with nuclear weapons, this is something a small team or
       | even individual could soon achieve and then hold as a deterrent
       | or use for sociopolitical aims.[3]
       | 
       | It's easy to imagine an arms race between drones and the tiny
       | point defense turrets (likely lasers, maybe kinetics or even
       | EMPs) trying to disable them, both systems operating far faster
       | than humans can react. In a strange way, wars fought like this
       | may involve less loss of life, with soldiers surrendering to a
       | cloud of slaughterbots that destroyed the automated defenses in
       | seconds.
       | 
       | This forthcoming ability to intimidate and harm precisely,
       | anonymously, robotically, and _at scale_ makes autocracy more
       | likely and more durable.                 [1]: https://en.wikipedi
       | a.org/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation#Breakout_capability       [2]:
       | "Slaughterbots TED talk." https://youtu.be/9CO6M2HsoIA       [3]:
       | "Hated in the Nation" Black Mirror Season 3 Episode 6 (Netflix)
        
         | angelzen wrote:
         | > wars fought like this may involve less loss of life
         | 
         | Western audiences forget why wars were often fought to the last
         | man. Mass murder could often be the merciful option. Vae
         | victis.
         | 
         | A military superpower unwilling to impose its will through
         | sheer brutality is a huge historical outlier. As Pax Americana
         | disintegrates, new powers will arise in its wake. ISIS was a
         | brief glimpse into the future.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | The trick is going to be improved friend/foe detection.
           | Historically, wars simply ended when the victor would kill
           | all remaining enemy soldiers and enslaved their families and
           | other people inside the areas they were defending. Brutal but
           | effective.
           | 
           | The last century since basically WWII and especially the
           | Vietnam war, we've seen increasingly less brutal wars where
           | harming innocents is seen as a negative (in the case of
           | Vietnam, that was what eroded the will to fight). Lately,
           | we're seeing a type of asynchronous war fare where huge
           | armies are effectively powerless because an insignificant
           | opponent is hiding among civilians delivering very minor
           | attacks with no strategic relevance. There are a whole range
           | of stale mate situations across especially the middle east
           | where the attacking side is simply hard to root out without
           | lots of undesirable casualties among civilians. Just ask the
           | Israeli's. They live tens of kilometers away from people
           | willing to die to risk launching rockets at them, despite the
           | fact these rockets rarely hit anything. It's been the status
           | quo for the last decades. Their military is big enough that
           | it keeps foreign countries from trying to invade but
           | domestically, it's clearly not able to end the conflict.
           | 
           | Stalin would have ended that conflict in no time. There would
           | be no-one remaining to figut, the local language would be
           | Russian, and there might be a new Palestine presence
           | somewhere deep in Siberia. His successor Putin has fared less
           | well in Chechnya mainly because he would suffer
           | internationally if he did it the Stalin way.
           | 
           | Guerilla warfare is dependent on the other side being humane
           | enough or unwilling to not want to cause unnecessary
           | casualties. As long as attackers manage to hide, they can't
           | be hunted down without large amounts of innocents dying. WWII
           | style leveling of entire cities is very much frowned upon
           | now. I live in such a city (Berlin).
           | 
           | However, the ability for guerilla fighters to hide after an
           | attack is time sensitive and critical to their survival.
           | Drones swarming an area would make that a lot harder. Urban
           | warfare particularly is dreaded by armies because of high
           | casualty rates related to simply not knowing where the enemy
           | is and the need to fight door to door to find them. This
           | could fix that. It could be over in minutes. It won't end all
           | wars but it will make particularly guerilla warfare a lot
           | harder.
           | 
           | ISIS could be a thing of the past. The next engagements with
           | the likes of those might be short, brutal, and effective.
           | Minimum (but not less) loss of life, maximum effectiveness.
           | It would follow months of covert mapping the territory,
           | inventorying its inhabitants, and tracking all their
           | movements followed by a few minutes of mayhem. Some people
           | find that scary but they forget what decades long of conflict
           | or a real war looks like.
        
             | iSnow wrote:
             | IDK. First, I don't believe there will be any kind of
             | surgical precision with autonomous weapons systems. Human
             | drone operators have taken out way too many weddings for my
             | liking, and the German army obliterated a lot of people
             | gathering around a stuck tanker.
             | 
             | Second, with a delay of say 10 years, swarm autonomous
             | drones will be in the hand of insurgents. We've seen how
             | ISIS took out tanks and troop by dropping tank shells from
             | drones. They are not dumb and will happily adopt drone
             | swarms. The science and IT is out there.
             | 
             | It is true that armies have a harder time carpet-bombing
             | cities, but at the same time, what modern armies hate even
             | more is losing their own guys. Even a semi-capable killer
             | drone swarm could make it real hard to take _and hold_
             | cities if seemingly out of the blue your buddies drop dead.
             | Insurgents typically will not care that much if there 's
             | dead civilians if they can terrorize invasion forces.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | I would take my chances against a slaughterbot everytime
         | compared to more mundane things like mustard gas.
         | 
         | A slaughterbot obviously needs melee weapons and needs to be
         | athletic. Ballistic platforms are probably far more effective,
         | but it doesn't send the right message.
        
           | pzo wrote:
           | 1) current small racing drones have speed >80mph, that's 35
           | meters per 1 second. You won't even have time to hear them
           | and react while under attack.
           | 
           | 2) current drones already have 4 tiny knives (blades). Enough
           | to make it slightly larger/sharper and/or from titanium
           | instead of plastic. That's enough to cut your throat or wrist
           | and let you bleed to death ...
           | 
           | 3) ... cover those blades with some venom or poison for
           | "extra efficiency"
           | 
           | 4) ... they probably don't even need some bullet - enough to
           | detect your eye and stab you with a nail covered with
           | venom/poison
           | 
           | I doubt you would have any chance with just a dozen of
           | slaughterbots.
           | 
           | edit: formatting
        
             | raxxorrax wrote:
             | Probably not, but I also have noch chance against mustard
             | gas and bleeding out seems at least preferable.
             | 
             | Drones are extremely loud, especially those that fly that
             | fast and small. If you have finely mashed net or large
             | piece of cloth, drone already get into trouble.
        
           | WA wrote:
           | I would bet on the 1,000 Slaugherbots coming for you. Why do
           | you assume it has to be only one?
           | 
           | Slaughterbots could carry a small explosive, just like in the
           | video. Doesn't have to be melee.
        
           | dan_mctree wrote:
           | Why would they need melee? Just attach a lightweight single
           | use gun barrel on top
        
             | raxxorrax wrote:
             | It just wouldn't be the same dystopic feeling when they use
             | guns.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Because then people would realize that soldiers are just as
             | lethal or perhaps even more lethal than drones.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | The problem with the Slaughterbots narrative is it's not
         | actionable.
         | 
         | We can choose not to build nuclear weapons: they're weapons
         | with lots of weapons specific research associated.
         | 
         | But drones aren't. The technology is general use: it's a
         | natural consequence of a couple hundred incremental
         | improvements, and the only difference between "weapon" and
         | harmless is a software parameter and a payload.
         | 
         | "Find and kill this person" is indistinguishable to a search
         | and rescue AI, just with "on found and centre camera"
         | triggering a bullet or a spike or a bomb and not text
         | notification.
        
           | f7ebc20c97 wrote:
           | Guns are also "easy" to manufacture, but are successfully
           | restricted.
           | 
           | The clear outcome of this is the current ptb enslaving the
           | world without needing so much as a police force.
        
             | rpmisms wrote:
             | > Guns are also "easy" to manufacture, but are successfully
             | restricted
             | 
             | Hahaha. This is a privileged take. 3d printing guns has
             | been a thing for years now, and the FGC-9 (Fuck Gun Control
             | 9mm) is a carbine that uses zero restricted firearms parts.
             | 
             | Gun control is in serious danger of becoming completely
             | obsolete.
             | 
             | Edit: I'd like to add that the FGC-9 is also durable, none
             | of that single-shot disposable .22 pistol stuff.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The Halle shooter built his own weapons out of metal but
               | he didn't have access to real ammunition. He couldn't
               | forcibly open the gate to the synagogue with his guns.
               | Gun control works just fine.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | No they're not.
             | 
             | On an international scale guns aren't restricted at all in
             | any practical sense.
             | 
             | Nuclear weapons can have international conventions and
             | treaties because they're difficult and obvious to build.
             | Mass producing cheap drones and downloading an AI from the
             | internet to run on a repurposed Android phone is not only
             | normal, it's already happening _now_.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | You also don't need a proper gun. A gun is a big
               | advantage if you can't safely get close enough to someone
               | without them getting a chance to react.
               | 
               | But if you can fly a drone or a number of drones up to
               | someone too fast for them to react, there are any number
               | of other ways to kill them with easily obtainable
               | materials.
        
               | pzo wrote:
               | Totally agree. Each drone already has 4 sharp blades.
               | Easy to replace them to be slightly bigger, sharper and
               | from e.g. titanium instead of plastic and covering with
               | poison/venom. Enough to slit someone throat/wrist and
               | wait until bleed to death or detect someone eye and stab
               | with nail.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Wow, sharp blades now that sounds dangerous. If your
               | drone is basically a flying lawnmower I can see how that
               | will kill or heavily insure hundreds of people with a
               | single drone.
               | 
               | But that isn't very surprising though. An Apache
               | helicopter can kill hundreds of people as well...
               | 
               | What's surprising to me is that someone suggests that we
               | do away with the toy drone swarm idea and to increase the
               | capabilities of the drone without requiring an additional
               | payload.
        
       | normaler wrote:
       | While reading the comments I shared most oft the dystopian
       | visions of people being hunted down by scary drone swarms.
       | 
       | But armor (especially armored vehicles) is still a thing and for
       | something to be able to be fast and manouverable it also needs to
       | be designed within size and weight constraints, which
       | automatically limits possible payload and armor.
       | 
       | So if there ia a technology to race around a forrest and
       | autonomously find and engage slower targets, there must also
       | exist the technology to engage flying objects with something like
       | the Phalanx system, while not facing the same weight constraints
       | as the moving attacker.
       | 
       | It probably boils down to target saturation in symmetrical
       | warfare and the end of assymetrical warfare fantasys akin to
       | Wolverines.
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | > there must also exist the technology to engage flying objects
         | 
         | This is called a shotgun wielded by the best AI ever devised: a
         | human.
         | 
         | The Talibans proved that low tech isn't dead.
        
         | exo762 wrote:
         | Shooting down drones on-sight should become a societal norm.
         | Using automated systems, which should be cheap and accessible
         | to everyone.
        
           | rpmisms wrote:
           | That would require guns becoming a societal norm again, which
           | would require personal responsibility and self-control
           | becoming societal norms again.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | >That would require guns becoming a societal norm again,
             | which would require personal responsibility and self-
             | control becoming societal norms again.
             | 
             | As an American, I can guarantee you the latter is not
             | required for the former.
        
               | rpmisms wrote:
               | I'm an American and radically pro-gun. I'm also radically
               | pro-responsibility. If we want to renormalize firearm
               | ownership (As in, you can mention it in Whole Foods
               | without getting dirty looks), we need to reshape our
               | culture of safety and ownership of our own actions.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | The challenge will be cost. If you hide your expensive
         | slaughter bots in a swarm of cheap toys that only shares an
         | outward appearance, your opponent need to take out all of your
         | drones, while you only need to get lucky once.
         | 
         | Couple that with good enough autonomous navigation and imagine
         | an adversary suddenly releasing thousands of drones in between
         | people and traffic in a city where they don't care about
         | collateral damage, but you do.
        
         | angelzen wrote:
         | Armored vehicles are obsolete. See Azerbaidjan campaign in
         | Nagorno Karabakh. More than 200 tanks & armored vehicles
         | obliterated over a few weeks by drones raining hell from above.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Obsolete against what? How do you occupy territory from the
           | air?
        
             | angelzen wrote:
             | The assumption behind your question is that the victors
             | somehow owe something to the defeated, akin to US
             | occupation of Germany and Japan post WW2. US as a
             | superpower is a huge outlier. Most of history developed
             | along the lines of the Trail of Tears, if not downright
             | Tamerlane.
             | 
             | Use drones to create an air kill zone and keep the enemy
             | military from stepping in said territory. Expel potentially
             | hostile civilians. Reward your cousins with free land in
             | the freshly depopulated lands.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nagorno-
             | Karabakh_war#Retu...
        
       | oxplot wrote:
       | Keep in mind that Skydio currently manufactures and sells
       | affordable drones ($1000 USD) that can fly autonomously through
       | pretty much any environment, including forests.
       | 
       |  _Disclaimer: I don 't work for them nor affiliated - just been
       | following their progress from a few years back and can't wait
       | until they start selling to consumers in Australia._
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=skydio+2+forest
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQlyV0XqoSs
        
         | hrdwdmrbl wrote:
         | I watched the second video and was a bit disappointed. It lost
         | him twice in 6 minutes even though he didn't leave its frame.
         | Maybe version 3 will crack it
        
         | edm0nd wrote:
         | That is actually pretty impressive!
        
       | l33tman wrote:
       | "Our work replaces the traditional components of sensing,
       | mapping, and planning with a single function that is represented
       | by a neural network. This increases the system's robustness
       | against sensor noise and reduces the processing latency."
       | 
       | I get the feeling a bit that when they compared their depth pixel
       | in => control out NN with the other two baseline algos , a lot of
       | the difference is attributed to latency (one of the other algos
       | did more temporal averaging explicitly for example). The depth
       | input already provides a pretty good source of data for planning.
       | 
       | The NN doesn't do anything you can't do already with the other
       | algos, but it gets tuned automatically to a very good compromise
       | between latency and performance, something that would be very
       | tedious work for the designed algorithm systems and this is a
       | strong point for building stuff like this as NNs.
       | 
       | Article is at: http://rpg.ifi.uzh.ch/docs/Loquercio21_Science.pdf
        
       | EastOfTruth wrote:
       | We are getting closer to a slaughter bot that is actually usable:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HipTO_7mUOw
       | 
       | my guess is that politicians will get scared when it becomes a
       | reality
        
       | beebeepka wrote:
       | Impressive technology with all kinds of practical implications.
       | 
       | On the other hand, I really don't these things in the woods for
       | anything other than emergencies.
       | 
       | We humans are noisy, and our toys are no small part of that.
       | Guess that's what's growing old is like. Complaining about noise
       | and other people
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | There have been animal species that have been disturbed by
         | drone noise and its very sad.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | Potato quality video with creepy narrator. This could've been
       | much better with better video quality and editing.
        
       | pedro1976 wrote:
       | This feeds into my dystopian believes. I a couple of years those
       | drones will be affordable to every individual. This individual
       | will then savely engage in a drone strike against other
       | individuals. Hence I predict an end of the celebrity cult :)
        
         | kypro wrote:
         | You know, I'm honestly amazed we haven't seen any serious
         | terror attacks use drones yet. I guess there is still a bit of
         | a barrier in terms of cost and technical know-how for your
         | average mass-murderer, but there are already drones which could
         | do a huge amount of damage in an open space if equipped with
         | the right weaponry.
        
           | pedro1976 wrote:
           | There are people [0] who claim that air traffic will be the
           | first target of this development. It is very fragile, has a
           | huge attack surface and efficient counter strategies are non
           | existent. I am really amazed why "nothing" we know of has
           | happened yet.
           | 
           | [0] https://after-on.com/episodes-31-60/044
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | Until I watched the video, I was cracking up thinking about the
       | training, imagining a forest full of trees with crashed drones at
       | their bases.
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | That was pretty much my first year flying FPV drones. Good
         | thing I'm old enough to afford new parts.
        
       | BasilPH wrote:
       | Here's a [video](https://www.dropbox.com/sh/s02m1eqzdp6t5jk/AAAWm
       | 4IBUn0zl0afB...).
        
         | angelzen wrote:
         | This is reminiscent of intense wingsuit videos. While the
         | drones are small and the speeds are not quite there yet, being
         | able to change course on a whim may prove sufficiently
         | appealing. I wonder if zipping through obstacle areas could
         | become a notable application area.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10byeZV5jcc
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPIO4tdxYL0
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | It isn't clear why it needed AI. If there is enough compute power
       | to run a neural net, surely there is enough computer power to
       | parse data from sonar or compute near-term avoidance vectors from
       | bifocal imagery parallax/depth-queuing. Not clear how the AI
       | obviates this.
        
         | BrianHenryIE wrote:
         | I think that's a question of "what is AI?"
         | 
         | I understand this drone's obstacle avoidance as it sensing the
         | terrain ahead, feeding it into a NN and deciding what the
         | least-dangerous route to take is.
         | 
         | No doubt that score can be calculated with an explicit
         | algorithm that says "score a tree as -100 and an empty space as
         | +10" etc.
         | 
         | I liken it to a game developer designing an NPC's choice of
         | path. Sure, Doom had enemies attacking you without neural
         | networks, but maybe it's a better way to do it today.
         | 
         | (this is all just my understanding rather than actually having
         | worked on this)
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | The thing is, I've worked extensively with object detection
           | and segmentation neural nets for the past three years: they
           | would barf all over the place in this scenario. You can't
           | train for enough of the types of terrain obstacles
           | encountered in such a wide-open range of outdoor spaces, and
           | you certainly couldn't do it fast enough with any degree of
           | accuracy, even with a 3080 GPU, let alone an embedded Xavier-
           | class NVidia module. A dinky int8 quantized "tree/no-tree"
           | wouldn't stand a chance.
           | 
           | This is why I asked for more details. They seem to indicate
           | training, which today means neural net and not expert systems
           | of yore. But that one be one hell of an object detector!! My
           | question still stands.
        
             | johnthewise wrote:
             | Well, my understanding is that they are not training object
             | detectors or segmentation models. They wouldn't be very
             | useful anyway, you still need to have a 3d understanding of
             | the scene and going from 2d->3d mapping wouldn't cut it.
             | What they are doing instead is using stereo cameras, they
             | are estimating the depth map of the field. Their model
             | takes two rgb images, and produces a depth map. They
             | combine this depth information with sensors on the drone
             | such as acceleration etc and try to predict what an expert
             | drone agent trained on perfect information in simulation
             | would do. They train in simulation, restrict some of the
             | information to the student agent and have it rely on only
             | stereo cameras and sensors like in the world to mimic the
             | 'privileged drone agent'. Computation wise, if you can run
             | the depth estimation network on the hardware, remaining
             | steps(given the depth map and sensor information, predict
             | privileged drone agent path/vector), should be trivial and
             | most likely are shallow networks.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | It's not about AI. They trained a neural net to approximate an
         | offline calculation that required more time and processing
         | power than what's available on a drone, then they used the
         | trained neural net to navigate the drone by trying to predict
         | the approximated calculation. Thus, saving on time and
         | processing power and allow the neural net to pilot the drone at
         | the vertiginous speeds of 40 km/h :P
         | 
         | (but through trees and all)
         | 
         | The article calls the algorithm that performed the offline
         | calculation a "simulated expert", probably because it operated
         | in a simulation. My guess is it was a classical planner.
         | Planning works very well but it can be slow and deliberate
         | because it usually has to solve some kind of NP-complete SAT
         | problem and so on. By approximating it with a neural net they
         | avoid the time-consuming, intractable calculation. The question
         | is how broadly it can generalise.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Ah. I see. It's using a neural net in the sense that it is
           | literally a "generic function approximation" to make
           | decisions on pathfinding based on depth maps (see
           | 'johnthewise' response below). That's interesting: it
           | foregoes the complex pathfinding algorithm for a trained
           | "guess" based on how expert drone pilots handle the same
           | stereoscopic depth map.
           | 
           | Fascinating!
        
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