[HN Gopher] Open Source Tax Software
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Open Source Tax Software
        
       Author : aidangrimshaw
       Score  : 495 points
       Date   : 2021-10-05 02:59 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ctskennerton.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ctskennerton.github.io)
        
       | avodonosov wrote:
       | Until policy makers puplish the tax rules in an executable
       | algorithmic form, I am afraid open projects like this will have
       | difficulty to keep up with the regulation changes.
        
       | oauea wrote:
       | Just move to another country that hasn't made deals with tax
       | companies. Believe it or not, the government is perfectly capable
       | of doing your taxes for you. There is no reason to waste your
       | time on this every year other than corporate greed.
        
       | xivzgrev wrote:
       | I worked on tax software and have seen these kind of efforts.
       | Noble, yes. Short lived, yes.
       | 
       | It's relatively easy to make a free 1040 file. The real problem
       | comes from all. The. Edge. Cases.
       | 
       | 1) do you support xyz state? 2) what if I lived in multiple
       | states? 3) what if i...
       | 
       | And on and on.
       | 
       | And it's not just one and done. Every year IRS and states are
       | changing their shit so you have to go thru and make all kind of
       | updates and verifications every year.
       | 
       | It takes an army to build and maintain. Generally not the kind of
       | thing for open source (unless they're paid). But then what's the
       | point? One may say it's more transparent, but TurboTax etc are
       | transparent with their formulas - you can check every box they
       | fill in for you.
       | 
       | I think the only thing that can really disrupt this dynamic are
       | "free" commercial software (like credit karma now cash app), or
       | government provided.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | Plus complex corporate taxation is one of these domains where
         | the venn diagram of domain skills vs programming skills is
         | completely disjoint. Tax specialists will model it in
         | unnecessarily convoluted way in Excel, and the domain will be
         | forever opaque to people who can produce software efficiently.
        
           | U8dcN7vx wrote:
           | Then just personal. Yes business might finance development if
           | business taxes were handled, so perhaps personal first or as
           | an additional intention.
        
         | qzw wrote:
         | > I think the only thing that can really disrupt this dynamic
         | are "free" commercial software (like credit karma now cash
         | app), or government provided.
         | 
         | That's why it was worth $7B for Intuit to acquire Credit Karma.
         | They're pretty aggressive about buying up potential disruptors.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | Intuit didn't get Credit Karma's tax filing business. That
           | got spun off and went to Square.
        
             | qzw wrote:
             | They don't need it. The danger was always Credit Karma's
             | users + the tax business. The tax business by itself means
             | little. Spinning it off even makes the deal look better to
             | regulators.
        
         | hyperpallium2 wrote:
         | > It takes an army to build and maintain
         | 
         | Perfect for open source - if decomposable, so each issue can be
         | dealt with in isolation (or many can). e.g. using a "plug-in"
         | architecture of some kind.
         | 
         | And somehow recruit non-dev folk - if you go to the trouble to
         | understand some specific tax point, you often would like to
         | share it, and also record it in some "easy to use" form, for
         | next time (and a starting point for amendments).
         | 
         | Maybe a "tax DSL", "business rules"? Or a user specs it, and a
         | dev codes it?
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >Perfect for open source
           | 
           | Not really.
           | 
           | The software as a whole needs to be verified across a wide
           | range of everchanging rules, some of which are going to be a
           | judgement call even among experienced accountants.
           | 
           | Why would people be interested in working on this project? It
           | certainly doesn't break any new ground. It's just a long and
           | ongoing grind to implement tax code rules. If for some
           | reason, I have a lifelong ambition to work on accounting
           | software, I'm sure Intuit, SAP, and Oracle pay reasonably
           | well.
        
           | tobias3 wrote:
           | The German tax system works this way. German authorities
           | specify the rules in a DSL and e.g. https://www.elster.de is
           | generated from them where you can fill out all the tax forms
           | (also e.g. companies). Stuff that they already know can be
           | pre-filled.
           | 
           | Sure it would be great if that was Open Source, but it does
           | its job this way as well?
        
         | snackematician wrote:
         | > I worked on tax software and have seen these kind of efforts.
         | Noble, yes. Short lived, yes.
         | 
         | I've been using excel1040.com for several years now (2017
         | iirc), and I think it's been around for awhile before that as
         | well -- so I don't think it's fair to call it short lived.
         | 
         | It's pretty amazing how thorough it is. Not perfect, but I
         | found it much more comprehensive and flexible than the
         | free/cheap version of Turbotax.
         | 
         | That said, it is maintained by one crazy guy in Kansas. I doubt
         | the project will survive after he stops working on it.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Disruption could also come from tax reform. Some countries
         | don't make you figure out things on your own: That's a bit like
         | making a shopper put in the correct prices on each item they're
         | buying and penalizing then for mistakes. A "Price is Right"
         | game-show version of a tax filing system.
         | 
         | Some other countries just tell you where you stand because for
         | the vast majority of people a standard filing is all that's
         | required. In those circumstances, _only_ the edge cases need to
         | deal with complexities. In the US, _everyone_ does.
         | 
         | But I am of course pessimistic on tax reform since that general
         | populace just accepts "oh yeah filing taxes sucks" at the same
         | time that tax service providers lobby congress who, absent a
         | strong outcry from their voters, just follow the corporate
         | money trail.
        
           | wahern wrote:
           | > Some countries don't make you figure out things on your
           | own: That's a bit like making a shopper put in the correct
           | prices on each item they're buying and penalizing then for
           | mistakes. A "Price is Right" game-show version of a tax
           | filing system.
           | 
           | The U.S. doesn't make you do this, either. Most people don't
           | itemize deductions. You just plug in the data from your W-2.
           | The percentage of people itemizing was 30%, but with the
           | Trump Tax Cut which _capped_ state and local deductions (i.e.
           | lowered the maximum allowable deduction, effectively
           | increasing taxes on a large number of people) this was
           | predicted to drop to 10%.
           | 
           | If you're itemizing, you're in a minority of tax payers, and
           | in most cases a voluntary minority seeking to minimize your
           | taxes in a way that simply wouldn't be possible elsewhere.
           | 
           | The U.S. also has one of the highest rates of voluntary tax
           | compliance, and hypothetically that _might_ have something to
           | do with 1) ability to itemize and 2) having to sign on the
           | dotted line every year.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Even plugging in your data from a w-2 can be an
             | intimidating process with a a lot of conditionals and a few
             | referals to other forms where you might need to give more
             | information. In turn, those forms may reference still more
             | forms, along with explanatory documents to further define
             | the terms used and provide practical examples. A person may
             | not know that supplemental forms aren't required for their
             | situation until they have gone down that rabbit hole.
             | 
             | As for itemizing, again, you may not know if you should
             | itemize or not until you actually go through the process
             | and see where the numbers fall.
             | 
             | Meanwhile the IRS is held out as a boogey man who will ruin
             | your life financially if you get something wrong.
             | 
             | For most here on HN who deal with interlocking blocks of
             | logic, tech documentation, etc? It's fine, and probably for
             | a plenty of other people too. For a very large number of
             | people though, it's the common paradox that it's only easy
             | once once you already know what you're doing. And for a few
             | weeks/months a year the tax prep industry works hard to
             | convince people it's not something they should try to
             | navigate on their own, and if they do then they're a sucker
             | throwing away refund money because of hidden secret tricks
             | to get more refund money back.
        
             | Aaargh20318 wrote:
             | > You just plug in the data (..)
             | 
             | Here in the Netherlands I don't have to plug in _any_ data,
             | everything is pre-filled. Income, bank accounts, mortgage,
             | advances on deductions, etc. All you have to do is verify
             | it (you can change things if necessary, but I 've never had
             | to do that). Takes about five minutes max.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | If that were to happen in America, an entire industry
               | would be put out of business.
        
               | LocalH wrote:
               | So?
        
               | brynjolf wrote:
               | Sounds like the industry is sustainable only due to it
               | being an industry in the first place. Good riddance.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | The vast bulk of the accounting industry (including tax
               | software) is not supported by consumers with very basic
               | taxes taking their paperwork down to the mall or typing
               | some numbers into this year's TurboTax.
        
               | Taniwha wrote:
               | Same here in NZ - the main thing that makes it easy is
               | that we have absolutely no deductions, if I have one
               | employer my tax will likely be done perfectly. If I want
               | I can go online with the IRD and fill out my tax form (my
               | W2 equivalents are available), it's probably worth doing
               | if I've had 2 jobs, if I don't the govt will do it for me
               | and send me refund if I have one coming.
               | 
               | I run a small biz, I do PAYE on a simple spreadsheet,
               | then type the results onto an IRD web page, takes me less
               | than 10 minutes a month.
        
               | C19is20 wrote:
               | Italy, same.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > The percentage of people itemizing was 30%, but with the
             | Trump Tax Cut which capped state and local deductions (i.e.
             | lowered the maximum allowable deduction, effectively
             | increasing taxes on a large number of people) this was
             | predicted to drop to 10%.
             | 
             | 11.4% of tax filers itemized in 2018:
             | 
             | https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-tax-stats-
             | at-a-...
        
             | kmonsen wrote:
             | Funny you should call it the Trump tax cut since mine went
             | up substantially for the reasons you mention.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | If it went up for the reasons mentioned, it means that
               | your (previousl) itemized deductions put you in a rather
               | small percentage of Americans. Also an unfortunate group:
               | rich enough to have deductions at this scale, but not
               | rich enough to have wriggled out of a large chunk of tax
               | obligations.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Or it could have been increased taxes due to the cap on
               | SALT exemptions.
        
             | cranekam wrote:
             | > You just plug in the data from your W-2.
             | 
             | This is still a lot more work than in many countries, and
             | you still need to either fill in a paper 1040 (plus state
             | taxes where appropriate, and some of those (cough CA) are
             | far from simple), use tax prep software, or someone like
             | H&R Block.
             | 
             | In the UK, if you're in the majority of people who have one
             | job and straightforward finances (e.g. not renting
             | property, no CGT, etc) you need to do nothing at all for
             | your taxes. Your employer deducts tax from your wages and
             | that's it. I guess technically you should verify that your
             | "tax code" (the mechanism used to inform employers of what
             | needs withholding) is correct but again, unless your
             | situation is more complex that is a standard figure shared
             | by the rest of the employed workforce.
             | 
             | My parents never filed a return in their entire lives.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > This is still a lot more work than in many countries,
               | and you still need to either fill in a paper 1040 (plus
               | state taxes where appropriate, and some of those (cough
               | CA) are far from simple), use tax prep software, or
               | someone like H&R Block.
               | 
               | Not in my experience. The online options the IRS provides
               | free of charge is pretty easy, and many states have
               | similarly simple online forms for free.
               | 
               | https://www.irs.gov/e-file-providers/free-file-fillable-
               | form...
               | 
               | Although I do not dispute other countries do have it
               | easier, and do it better than the US.
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | I am 100% opposed to this model. I am even opposed to
               | Automatic Deductions
               | 
               | People should have some "skin" in the game of taxation,
               | if we allow the process to become seamless overtaxation
               | becomes a real problem.
               | 
               | Even today people do not treat their Gross income as
               | their income, they look at net. This is the wrong way to
               | look at it.
               | 
               | I believe people should have to physically pay the
               | government every month just like you do your water bill,
               | your groceries, etc.
               | 
               | If people had to write a check, or trigger an electronic
               | payment to their local taxing authority every month there
               | would likely be more focus on where that money is going,
               | and why the government things they deserve a huge chunk
               | of my income (hint they do not)
               | 
               | This prevents the government from just raising taxes and
               | hiding these increases.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | If their take home goes down because of increased
               | taxation, people will notice.
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | depends but I would say they would notice less, and would
               | not have as strong reaction to it as they would if they
               | had to write the check themselves.
               | 
               | We have history of this as well in the US, a prime
               | example of this is property taxes. When a state raises
               | the income tax rate there are a few grumbles but hardly
               | anyone actively protests, however if property taxes go up
               | people can be found literately in the street protesting
               | because it causes their mortgage to go up (as most people
               | pay property taxes via escrow with their lender)
               | 
               | This is direct payment of taxes monthly where the person
               | received the money, then has to pay it out, has a vastly
               | different psychological effect than if the money is
               | seized before ever being received by the person
               | 
               | I maintain that the ONLY way the government can get way
               | with the MASSIVE amounts of taxation everyone pays is for
               | 2 primary reasons
               | 
               | 1. Distributed collection 2. Automatic Collection
               | 
               | If either was not in place the government would have huge
               | amounts of civil unrest because by an large most people
               | would instantly recognized they are being fleeced by the
               | government no different than a mugger on the street
        
               | maxlybbert wrote:
               | Each country has a different idea of what matters for tax
               | purposes. The IRS doesn't necessarily have all the
               | information that would be relevant to calculate taxes for
               | most people (you have to include that information when
               | you file, so they are in a position to check). They know
               | your income and could probably figure out other wage-
               | earners in the household based on their addresses. They
               | don't necessarily know all the people you provided more
               | than 50% of their support for the year, or how much you
               | paid on interest for mortgage payments (assuming you pay
               | a mortgage), or how much you spent on deductible medical
               | expenses, or deductible business expenses, or whether a
               | child was born (presumably you're paying 50+% of the
               | baby's expenses) and which month that happened, or
               | whether somebody moved out and you no longer pay 50+% of
               | their support, etc.
               | 
               | The IRS does a terrible job with the information it does
               | have. One year, I had a typo in my daughter's social
               | security number. The IRS sent me a note that her number
               | didn't match the previous year's return. I assume that
               | they believed the previous year's number was right, but
               | instead of saying "we've amended the return by using the
               | social security number that appeared on last year's
               | return," they said "we've amended the return by removing
               | that dependent and recalculating taxes; if you disagree
               | with your higher bill, you'll need to send us the
               | following paperwork with the correct social security
               | number" (of course, "correct" meant "the number we
               | already have on file" more or less, but I had to figure
               | out what that number was by looking at my own copy of the
               | previous year's return). Luckily, the previous year's
               | number was correct; otherwise I would have had to amend
               | the previous return and then refile the current year's.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | A lot of this comes from the US aversion to explicitly
               | re-distributive federal policy (i.e. sending people
               | checks), and a preference for implicit mechanisms (i.e.
               | tax credits, refunds and deductions).
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | and even if you have to fill up a tax return it is very
               | straightforward to do it online.
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | We could evolve to requiring laws to be implemented as FOSS
           | before they go live. I suspect the right tests could reveal
           | all kinds of bugs, weird edge cases and exploits.
           | 
           | Sadly law makers don't know how to code. If they did they
           | would see what bloated monstrosity of complexity a few simple
           | sounding sentences with some simple sounding exceptions
           | produce. Perhaps a large bill and months of delay could
           | provide enough of a clue.
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | AFAIU, the French Tax Code is effectively defined in terms
             | of an algorithm. There was a recent HN thread
             | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25208853) on a new
             | open-source compiler for the tax code
             | (https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.07966). The paper for the
             | compiler references some interesting literature on the
             | computability of legal codes. For example,
             | 
             | > [U.S.] tax law drafting style follows default logic, a
             | non-monotonic logic that is hard to encode in languages
             | with first-order logic (FOL).
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | Fascinating. I thought Estonia was the only one who kept
               | an eye on difficulty of implementation.
        
             | qzw wrote:
             | Tax laws are hundreds to thousands of pages each. The
             | complexity is intentional and not accidental. Many carve
             | outs are specifically created for special interest or to
             | target certain constituencies.
             | 
             | Edit: referring to the US
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | >> I am of course pessimistic on tax reform since that
           | general populace just accepts "oh yeah filing taxes sucks"
           | 
           | That is not the hold back for tax reform, any efforts to
           | simply the tax code gets push back from every special
           | interest that to keep their deductions, and they point to
           | "the others" as "unfair" deductions, so it never changes.
           | 
           | People with kids want to keep the massive deductions for
           | having kids, even though childless people believe that is
           | unfair, people with homes want to keep the deductions for
           | home ownership even though renters believe that is unfair,
           | and so it goes down the line for 1000's and 1000's of loop
           | holes and deductions...
           | 
           | Never a one shall be expunged from the code
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Deductions should not exist period. The more transparent
             | way for a government to subsidize something would be to
             | give cash. This would force the government to recognize the
             | costs of the subsidy and who is benefiting from it clearly.
        
           | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
           | Couldn't agree more. We need tax reform, not software. The
           | returns should be file automatically, if we disagree we can
           | fill out paperwork with what we should be getting.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Roughly 7% of the US population is self-employed (a little
             | over 10 million people).
             | 
             | It's not clear to me what "the returns should be file[d]
             | automatically" means for this group of people.
             | 
             | In addition, there are many non-employment based events in
             | the US tax code that change your tax liability. Last year I
             | received a roughly US$3k tax credit because I installed a
             | 6.6kW solar PV array on my house. There are dozens or even
             | hundreds of cases like this in the US tax code.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > It's not clear to me what "the returns should be
               | file[d] automatically" means for [the self-employed].
               | 
               | The employer files the income forms and handles
               | withholding. If you're self-employed, that means you are
               | responsible for that part. And of course anyone with more
               | complex taxes (e.g. non-W2 income) would still need to
               | file, though they could start with the pre-filled forms.
               | 
               | > Last year I received a roughly US$3k tax credit because
               | I installed a 6.6kW solar PV array on my house. There are
               | dozens or even hundreds of cases like this in the US tax
               | code.
               | 
               | Yes, and all those special cases should be removed as
               | part of the reform. If they want to hand out money as an
               | incentive for installing a PV system (for example) then
               | they should make that a separate application and payment,
               | since this has nothing to do with collecting taxes. For
               | business income you can subtract legitimate business
               | expenses (since this is about income, not gross
               | revenues), for capital gains you obviously subtract the
               | cost basis, and for personal income you subtract the
               | official poverty level for your household. (If there are
               | multiple filers for one household then they split the
               | deduction.) If the sum is less than zero then you simply
               | pay no taxes--there are no refunds. That's it. No special
               | surtaxes or exclusions. Apply a flat percentage to the
               | total and you're done.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I agree absolutely [0]. This would fundamentally upend
               | American policy making, but that's OK. Our elected
               | representatives would have to decide to actively people
               | money for doing things they want to promote rather, which
               | would improve the transparency of legislative goal
               | setting.
               | 
               | [0] I don't agree about the flat percentage. The USA has
               | had a progressive tax structure in various ways since its
               | founding, and given the concept of marginal utility, I
               | stronly believe that this is the right way to tax income.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > The USA has had a progressive tax structure in various
               | ways since its founding...
               | 
               | The system I described is still modestly "progressive" in
               | the sense that those with more earnings pay a larger
               | percentage than those with less, due to subtracting the
               | poverty level. (Up to the poverty level, nothing is
               | taxed; at 2X the poverty level, only half your total
               | earnings are taxed; etc.) It starts at 0% and
               | asymptotically approaches the flat rate as earnings
               | increase. To be sure, it's not quite so heavily biased as
               | the current tax tables, but then we also have this
               | principle that the law is supposed to apply equally to
               | everyone and not discriminate on the basis of wealth or
               | status, in _either_ direction. The current political
               | environment targeting a small number of individuals for
               | special taxes or punitive rates based on either their
               | income or wealth practically amounts to a bill of
               | attainder-which would obviously be unconstitutional, and
               | for good reason.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | The concept of marginal utility says that taking
               | different amounts from people with different levels of
               | income/wealth is treating them the same.
               | 
               | To a person who earns $10k/yr, $1k is huge (whether it is
               | extra income or owed tax). To a person who earns $1M/yr,
               | $1k is basically pocket change. The utility of that
               | marginal $1k varies for them both. Ergo, to treat them
               | equally, we tax them differently.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > The concept of marginal utility says that taking
               | different amounts from people with different levels of
               | income/wealth is treating them the same.
               | 
               | Marginal utility says that--most of the time-the utility
               | of one more of an item _to the owner_ is less than or
               | equal to the utility of each item they already possess.
               | (The exception would be where you need multiple items to
               | do anything useful, but this is generally treated as a
               | different kind of good rather than another of the same.)
               | The concept of marginal utility says _nothing_ about the
               | relative utility of the same amount of money to different
               | people. Utility is subjective, and there is no coherent
               | concept of utility which applies across multiple
               | individuals. It makes zero sense to say that some set
               | amount of money is worth objectively more or less to
               | different individuals based solely on how much they
               | already own, much less on their earnings for a single
               | year.
               | 
               | > To a person who earns $[X]/yr...
               | 
               | And here we have another issue: the assumption that
               | earning some amount in _one_ year--which is all the tax
               | rules consider--is equivalent to earning that amount
               | _every_ year. Receiving ten years worth of income as a
               | lump sum of $1M up front vs. $100k each year should not
               | affect your tax rate, but in practice it does, which has
               | various perverse implications. The law is biased in favor
               | of regular, even income (W-2s), and against situations
               | where you may earn a lot in one year and very little in
               | others (e.g. running a small business).
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > It makes zero sense to say that some set amount of
               | money is worth objectively more or less ...
               | 
               | I think this is nonsense. We can't put a precise worth on
               | it for different people, sure. But I think it's
               | indisputable that there's a curve, we know it's rough
               | shape, and that it's a reflection of marginal utility.
               | The lack of labels or positions on the axes doesn't make
               | that graph useless.
               | 
               | > The concept of marginal utility says nothing about the
               | relative utility of the same amount of money to different
               | people.
               | 
               | Sorry, but this is just completely wrong. Here's the most
               | relevant paragraph from: https://commons.lib.niu.edu/bits
               | tream/handle/10843/22650/12-...
               | 
               | >The linchpin of The Uneasy Case is its rejection of the
               | principle that income has diminishing marginal utility.'
               | Diminishing marginal utility of income (DMUI) means that
               | the greater a taxpayer's income, the less an additional
               | dollar of income is worth to him. If DMUI holds, the
               | government exacts a lesser sacrifice from a higher-income
               | taxpayer, with each dollar taxed, than from a lower-
               | income taxpayer. Moreover, any redistribution of income
               | from a higher-income tax- payer to a lower-income
               | taxpayer tends to increase aggregate welfare: The lower-
               | income taxpayer derives greater utility from each dollar
               | gained than 4 the higher-income taxpayer derives from
               | each dollar surrendered.
               | 
               | Now, to be fair, there are arguments against the DMUI
               | case for progressive taxation. For example, here's Donald
               | Boudreaux writing for the American Institute of Economic
               | Research:
               | 
               | https://www.aier.org/article/rich-man-poor-man-comparing-
               | the...
               | 
               | The fact that it's a terrible argument doesn't diminish
               | the fact that it clearly recognizes that there _is_ a
               | case to be made for progressive taxation based on DMUI.
               | 
               | Here's another one, equally bad:
               | 
               | https://www.econlib.org/archives/2011/04/the_uneasy_case.
               | htm...
               | 
               | The key point here seems to be that even though DMUI is
               | true, we don't know the actual numbers, and thus we
               | should not act on it.
               | 
               | As for your remarks about $1M in 1yr vs $100k for 10yrs
               | ... well, sure the tax code is necessarily imperfect.
               | Optimize it for people with one income patterns and
               | you've made it worse for people with a different income
               | pattern. Such is life ... perfection is not an option
               | here.
        
           | netcan wrote:
           | >>Disruption could also come from tax reform.
           | 
           | I'd say that's the most appropriate place, really. It's a
           | designed system, sort of. It's malleable, in that changes
           | occur regularly. The obvious place for bug fixes is here.
           | 
           | I get your pessimism in the sense that the same dynamics,
           | politics and systems that have shaped the present problem
           | seem unlikely to have the desire/capability to fix it. OTOH,
           | things stay the same until they don't. There have been a lot
           | of tax systems invented over the last N thousand years. 99.N%
           | of those tax codes are currently extinct.
           | 
           | Also... we're due a shift of reigning economic religion,
           | periodically speaking. Maybe the next one will take a
           | differing view on efficiency.
           | 
           | Stuff like taxes were always enigmas productivity-wise. For a
           | mill, product-out/labour-in = labour productivity... or
           | product-out/capital for capital efficiency. Either way,
           | efficiency is self evident. For a tax code, legal system or
           | whatnot, there's no way to measure output and no "economists
           | agree" way to know the value of the output even if you could.
           | It could be negative.
           | 
           | Well... This now also applies also to JPMorgan, Pfizer,
           | Alphabet, FB and such. Just like it's not obvious that more
           | legal procedures = more justice, measurements of most of the
           | economy's output is increasingly ethereal and unrelated to
           | obvious scarcities.
           | 
           | That don't mean nothing definite, but we are in times of
           | change... which means don't bet on long term saminess of most
           | things.
        
         | EvanDotPro wrote:
         | Around 2007-2008, as a "side project" I tried to build a web-
         | based payroll software for a single state. Me and the developer
         | I employed were able to get to 80% real quick, with ACH and
         | everything. But as you say, the final 20% (edge cases) are
         | nearly endless and ever-changing. Even a single state ended up
         | being way too much for two developers.
        
           | peteri wrote:
           | Way back when I wrote accounting software in the UK. I had a
           | conversation with my boss about us writing our own payroll
           | software so we didn't have to a pay a third party to white
           | label their software.
           | 
           | I then went and found out how many folks one of our
           | competitors (a bit more mass market than us) had writing
           | payroll software.
           | 
           | The answer was it was a six person team just to keep up with
           | the government changes every year. We never bothered any more
           | with that idea.
           | 
           | Payroll is surprisingly hard.
        
             | mgkimsal wrote:
             | I switched payroll providers a few years ago away from
             | Quickbooks Payroll. They hosed up my stuff so bad I was
             | dealing with the fallout for close to 2 years afterwards -
             | overpaid, underpaid, refunds, fines, it was a mess.
             | 
             | The new company I switched to did not allow me to do
             | payroll on the days that I'd wanted. They only offered 2 or
             | 3 options, none of which matched what I'd done before.
             | "That's all we offer" was the reply. There've been a couple
             | other 'restrictions' (lost flexibility) on some behaviors -
             | nothing horrible, of course.
             | 
             | I've no doubt removing some of that flexibility has reduced
             | their overhead - there's enough changing regulations every
             | year in multiple jurisdictions - keeping the main stuff
             | under their control as simple as possible seems to have
             | worked out for them. I've had... 4 years with them without
             | incident, but 2 years of pain with QB before.
             | 
             | FWIW, QB hosed up dealing with my state. Federal was fine,
             | but they created so many problems with my state filings...
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Why not just say "sorry, it looks like your situation is too
         | complicated for us at the moment" to edge cases? Would still
         | help many people.
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Funny you mention that, the first time I tried to use Credit
         | Karma Tax, either last year or the year before, they punted on
         | me for having lived in two states.
         | 
         | I agree with your sentiment, but not resolution. The truest
         | resolution is in simplifying the tax code, which Intuit and co
         | do not want.
         | 
         | Edit to add: When CreditKarma gave up on me, I tried
         | FreeTaxUsa. It sounds like a scam I know, but they are top
         | notch, and cheap. Highly recommend.
        
           | aorth wrote:
           | > Edit to add: When CreditKarma gave up on me, I tried
           | FreeTaxUsa. It sounds like a scam I know, but they are top
           | notch, and cheap. Highly recommend.
           | 
           | Ah! I remember FreeTaxUsa. They have this silly verification
           | thing in their signup. Your email address must be on an
           | "American" domain. Mine is self hosted on some other domain
           | and they literally say it's "foreign". Just checked again and
           | it's still there. Hah... sigh.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | If getting an email address is too big a barrier for you...
             | you might not be the target market.
        
             | mro_name wrote:
             | did you contact them on that? What does an email prove
             | anyway?
        
               | aorth wrote:
               | Ah, I just checked my records. I contacted them in
               | 2021-02. Their response was:
               | 
               | > _We prefer customers to attach email addresses from
               | widely recognized providers for security purposes.
               | Additionally, our servers have a hard time communicating
               | with private email servers._
               | 
               | > _You may create a new email address to handle your tax
               | returns through FreeTaxUSA with a major provider._
        
               | mro_name wrote:
               | thanks for asking them - it's really important to give
               | feedback. Otherwise they just continue to not know.
        
           | Isthatablackgsd wrote:
           | Honestly, the best solution for all of this is use the local
           | CPA or Licensed Tax Preparer. No, I don't mean HR Block or
           | chain tax preparers. I have my own and it is the best money
           | spent since my CPA know the state and the federal taxes
           | further than Intuit software (Intuit use dark patterns to
           | take advantage of everything).
        
         | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
         | In most countries in Europe (not only in the EU) you can
         | download the official software from the corresponding tax
         | authority. In many places you don't even need to send
         | hardcopies of most documents - at most some printed page with a
         | code and your signature. You must of course keep all the
         | documents on which you based your tax returns in case they ask
         | you specifically for them.
        
           | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
           | oh, I forgot to say, in some countries you even received them
           | already filled in.
        
         | netcan wrote:
         | >> Generally not the kind of thing for open source
         | 
         | Hard to know in advance, if OS communities can do something
         | well or not. There are examples of taking on pretty sprawling
         | problems successfully. On multi Language, portability and such
         | they can often beat the "armies."
        
           | saberdancer wrote:
           | Yes, but the problem with taxation is if you are couple of
           | months behind the change in regulation, you are in violation
           | and depending on the country, you need to pay fines.
           | 
           | It's easy to have open source project where the stakes are
           | "bad translation" or something that doesn't result in fines
           | or problems with IRS/law.
        
             | netcan wrote:
             | Same answer, I suppose.
             | 
             | I take the point that this is complex, but that doesn't
             | discard OS/community by default. It's not impossible that
             | community built OS could produce software trustworthy
             | enough to be widely usable. FOSS has played in high stakes
             | arena successfully before.
             | 
             | I would say that the point you and GP make demonstrate that
             | "move fast and break" or "MVP" stuff can't be applied
             | easily. That's not specifically something that impacts OS.
             | It's just a difficulty of the space.
        
             | reidjs wrote:
             | That's sort of the risk you take when using open source
             | software in general. You can put in a PR to fix that edge
             | case if you feel so inclined. In my experience the IRS can
             | be surprisingly understanding about mistakes on your tax
             | forms (ONCE you get a human on the line...).
             | 
             | The question is, do you think the potential penalty will
             | cost more than the tax software? It comes down to managing
             | risk, and some people may prefer to take the risk,
             | especially if they have relatively simple tax situations.
        
         | shireboy wrote:
         | Came here to say this, except the real fix is to simplify the
         | tax code. It's like app dev - over the years has built up lots
         | of bloat, some due to legit social interests, some due to back
         | room shenanigans with special interests. Needs an overhaul and
         | mass simplification, but pointy haired ones not willing to take
         | on the project.
        
         | shkkmo wrote:
         | TurboTax in made by Intuit which is an evil company that has
         | long worked to make sure that the US tax code is unnecessarily
         | complicated and prevented the government from providing a free
         | alternative.
        
         | vimsee wrote:
         | I feel like this is a kind of XY problem that could be solved
         | theoretically by agreeing on a more streamlined tax-regulation.
         | It will take away the ability to fine tune tax deducts and so
         | forth, but in return we can more easily design software to
         | handle our taxes. I find that not having this automated
         | nowadays with the advancement in computing resources that we
         | have at disposal today is surprising.
        
           | umeshunni wrote:
           | Yes, software can be much simpler if the real world wasn't so
           | complex.
           | 
           | The reality is that governments use taxation as one of their
           | tools to reward certain behaviors and population segments and
           | to discourage/punish others. Simplifying taxation is taking
           | that power away from governments. Why would any government
           | choose to divest itself of those powers?
        
             | aniforprez wrote:
             | I don't think any other country does taxes as awfully as
             | the US. Where I live, there's a government provided portal
             | that has most of the stuff already filled from my employer.
             | It gets "complicated" if I earn income from the side such
             | as investments, contract work etc and even that is just a
             | matter of filling forms on their website in a similar
             | manner to how the author suggests filling fields in an
             | Excel sheet and other fields get the values automatically
             | calculated. If I have refunds pending, I pay nothing. If I
             | have taxes to pay, it redirects to my bank, I pay my taxes
             | and I'm done
        
               | umeshunni wrote:
               | Sure, but the US also generates about 40% of it's income
               | from personal income taxes, compared to ~25% average
               | across OECD
               | 
               | https://files.taxfoundation.org/20210217111150/Sources-
               | of-ta... from https://taxfoundation.org/us-tax-
               | revenue-2021/
               | 
               | My guess reading this (and my experience growing up in
               | India) is that many countries simply ignore income taxes
               | (if you're the average schmoe with a regular job and
               | salary, you pay taxes. If you are a business person of
               | some sort, you simply accept cash, hide your income and
               | pay no taxes) and the country makes for this shortcoming
               | with a 20% VAT.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Well the UK is at 40% too if you also include national
               | insurance contributions, but both income tax and national
               | insurance are calculated by employers and paid
               | automatically out of your payslip (PAYE). This means most
               | people never have to think about doing a tax return, and
               | also means it's harder to hide earnings for most people.
               | 
               | There is then a process where people with more complex
               | tax affairs then fill in a government questionnaire on a
               | website which instantly calculates the tax rebate/payment
               | required and adjusts your tax balance.
        
               | whakim wrote:
               | I'm not sure the OECD is the right comparison point
               | because many OECD members (the Latin American and Eastern
               | European countries, mostly) collect far less in tax
               | revenue than the "more developed" OECD nations like the
               | United States, France, Germany, Sweden or Japan. To use
               | your example of India (I know India isn't in the OECD but
               | it has good tax data, has been studied extensively, and
               | its tax regime isn't miles away from the "less developed"
               | OECD nations) - India collects somewhere on the order of
               | 10% of its national income every year in taxes; the other
               | countries mentioned are in the 40-70% range. For a
               | country that only wants to collect 10% of its national
               | income in taxes it's easy to get away with the
               | (relatively simple) mechanism of consumption taxes; to
               | collect more revenues increasingly progressive forms of
               | taxation, such as income taxes, are required.
        
             | whakim wrote:
             | In many cases we could encourage/discourage the same
             | behaviors by simply spending money on those things instead
             | of using tax deductions. That's how most countries do it,
             | and as a result their tax systems are much simpler.
        
           | ajdlinux wrote:
           | Or you could just have the government itself develop the
           | software in tandem with the tax regulations. Obviously, even
           | that would still be easier and cheaper with a less complex
           | tax code, but in this thread we're talking about "open source
           | tax software" that shouldn't even really need to exist when
           | the government could just provide a fully functional web
           | portal where the corner cases have been tested exhaustively
           | by the organisation that knows those corner cases better than
           | anyone.
        
             | lbriner wrote:
             | This has to be the most sensible thing. The UK used to say
             | that "tax doesn't have to be taxing", very pithy but then I
             | tried to make a zero return for a dormant company and had
             | to use some horrific software from the HMRC (tax office),
             | which was some weird XML thing that was impossible to
             | understand.
             | 
             | If the government had to make the software we all had to
             | use, as well as it being free, it would force the
             | government to consider the cost of modifications when they
             | decide in their infinite wisdom that some new tax-break
             | should be created.
             | 
             | Inertia can be good to slow-down knee-jerk politics.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | We could change the system with a focus on making it easier
           | to file, process, and confirm.
           | 
           | OR... Intuit can keep shoveling money into campaign funds. We
           | know what it'll be.
        
         | nn3 wrote:
         | Excel1040 has been around for quite some time, long enough to
         | already have long crossed the "short lived" threshold.
         | 
         | It avoids the state problem by not supporting states at all.
         | 
         | It's done by a single retired person. I always donate a few
         | bucks and I suspect he's making enough off the donations for it
         | to be worthwhile for him.
         | 
         | But yes eventually it might be abandoned if he doesn't find
         | some successor, but so far it's very alive.
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | I can't believe so many commenters here are crying out for a
         | nannier nanny state where all of their financial transactions
         | are monitored by the government and once a year they have to
         | sign a paper agreeing that the government has watched them
         | correctly.
         | 
         | That flies in hte face of the usual comment torrent decrying
         | centralized spying from any agency, government or otherwise.
         | 
         | In the 40 or so years I have been doing taxes I have not once
         | seen the amount deducted as taxes match the amount owed. After
         | various deductions (retirement savings, medical expenses,
         | charitable donations, political contributions, governmental
         | program incentives, etc) and jurisdictional disagreements
         | (employer in one province, residence in another), I and those I
         | do taxes for always get money coming back.
         | 
         | Requiring every financial (and otherwise) transaction I
         | undertake to be registered with some central government
         | authority to they can (in theory) correctly prefill my tax
         | forms is anathema. Be careful what you wish for you might just
         | get it.
        
           | danShumway wrote:
           | Nobody here is asking for that.
           | 
           | I don't know if you're just not aware of this, or what, but
           | most of the data on your taxes is stuff that already gets
           | reported to the government. There's no reason for consumers
           | to fill out a W2 every year, the government as it exists
           | today already has that data. The same is the case for a lot
           | of investment information, it already gets reported to the
           | IRS today.
           | 
           | You don't need to build an expanded government surveillance
           | program for the IRS to stop requiring filers to fill in
           | information that the government already has. This has nothing
           | to do with having a "nanny state", and everything to do with
           | a coordinated campaign from bad-faith actors like Intuit to
           | try and pretend that it's pro-freedom or pro-privacy or some
           | crud to act like the government doesn't already have your W2.
        
           | mkr-hn wrote:
           | The IRS already gets this information. They'll get even more
           | with the changes to 1099-k reporting for transactions made
           | next year.
        
         | zakpatterson wrote:
         | Open source can solve this problem.
         | 
         | Any service you choose might be missing your edge case. But if
         | you can see all the code and figure out where to plug in your
         | edge case, then you can contribute it for all users in the
         | future to enjoy.
         | 
         | We've already seen people show up and implement features we
         | hadn't researched yet. I encourage you to check it out.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | It's not just fixing problems though. The tax code has
           | changes every year, so the software must be updated
           | accordingly, which is a lot of drudgery. Open source can
           | handle drudgery if there's a big, passionate community. So
           | you'd need a lot of people who are passionate about the tax
           | code and about OSS. I'd like to see that Venn diagram.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | The consequences of botching it are high, so taking commits
           | from external contributors requires detailed and time
           | consuming reviews.
           | 
           | Further, people don't know what the edge cases actually are
           | at scale. If I go do my taxes and it doesn't account for some
           | weird thing, I simply don't know that this weird thing even
           | exists in the first place to justify a PR to the tax service.
        
             | zakpatterson wrote:
             | Can you elaborate about consequences?
             | 
             | You might not know the edge case exists, but out of all the
             | people that have that edge case hopefully there is one that
             | does know about it and can implement the fix.
             | 
             | Also I'd be curious to know what edge cases you're thinking
             | about. Many people just have a W-2 and a few 1099s. If
             | someone has a complex business or some other concern
             | they're probably at least partially aware.
        
           | lbriner wrote:
           | I think this only makes sense to an outsider dev who thinks
           | everything is relatively easy. Tax and accounting is
           | definitely not.
           | 
           | What happens if you fall under two different tax-breaks or if
           | a payment was taken on a certain date which falls before or
           | after a cut-off point? A lot of complexity, that the
           | developers could solve but will not necessarily know how to
           | handle. At least when you submit this to the relevant tax
           | authority, they can spot alarms like this and decide in a
           | reactionary way how to handle it, adjusting tax codes or
           | providing rebates.
           | 
           | There are just way too many things that change too quickly.
           | 
           | That said, I am all for simplification but then you wouldn't
           | need open-source software, you could just do it in a
           | spreadsheet ;-)
        
             | zakpatterson wrote:
             | It's hard for me to understand what you mean.
             | 
             | First of all I'm one of the maintainers on the project.
             | Handling people between two tax-brackets doesn't seem like
             | a problem.
             | 
             | A spreadsheet might be simple for you dealing with your own
             | taxes, but you can't email your spreadsheet to tens of
             | thousands of people and have them all improve upon it and
             | share it amongst each other so all of them can benefit.
             | That's the vision here, I don't know if it will succeed,
             | but that's what we're trying to accomplish.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > what if I lived in multiple states?
         | 
         | You just pick the state that gives you the smallest tax.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | A state tax auditor just started drooling and they're not
           | quite sure why yet.
        
           | zakpatterson wrote:
           | Partial year residency is an annoying issue. This is not one
           | of the ways we're solving it though!
        
         | toastal wrote:
         | Agreed with edge cases. Last year I tried using free (as in
         | beer) and even cheap softwares, and they couldn't or wouldn't
         | process for Americans abroad or have the Foreign Earned Income
         | Exclusion exemption which meant they were all no-gos for me.
         | Seems like the tax system should be drastically simpler.
         | 
         | Most countries don't tax expatriated citizens. Even with
         | exemptions you still owe for social security and Medicare. It
         | sounds good since many people will want pension in retirement,
         | but Medicare offers vouchers or exemptions abroad. This was
         | likely the precedence used for "historically, we do not offer
         | any healthcare services to those abroad" when asked if overseas
         | Americans would get access to the COVID-19 vaccine.
        
           | reidjs wrote:
           | That is not a typical situation for most Americans. You even
           | knew that as an expat you were going to have to deal with
           | some pretty nasty tax forms for no taxation on the first
           | ~100K for FEIE. Just hire an accountant who knows how to
           | handle that, or pay for the commercial stuff (I assume you
           | did). OSS does not necessarily have to compete on every
           | single feature to help the majority of people. I think as
           | long as it's clear about its limitations upfront it can be
           | useful.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | The french initiative started in 2013 is still alive (last
         | commit a few days ago), and passes the gov test suite (they
         | keep in touch with our version of the IRS):
         | https://github.com/openfisca/openfisca-france
         | 
         | The way we got this is interestingly twisted.
         | 
         | French citizens requested the software used by the
         | administration, and they managed to get it!
         | 
         | But, it was written in Mlang, a proprietary language created by
         | the french administration in the 90:
         | https://github.com/MLanguage/mlang.
         | 
         | Someone then decided to create an OCaml compiler that takes
         | mlang and emits python: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.07966
         | 
         | As a result, we got Open Fisca. I now think there are other
         | techs in the mix...
         | 
         | A slide of the story:
         | https://www.slideshare.net/Etalab/opening-up-the-french-tax-...
         | 
         | But I believe it should be mandatory for the state to provide
         | the source of every softwares they use internally to manage our
         | lives. Also a test suite to allow any citizen to validate their
         | own effort to comply with the law.
         | 
         | Just like laws should be published as diff of the previous
         | laws, in a VCS repo.
        
           | BrandoElFollito wrote:
           | I am French and I never heard about this project. I pay taxes
           | on the taxes web site where everything is filled in for me,
           | so no need to use any software. The whole exercice takes
           | literally 30 seconds.
           | 
           | This is not to day that the software is not useful (the API
           | looks great after a quick reading), but it will be used by a
           | very small population.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | I don't use it either, but there is a lot of value in it
             | because it forces formalism and transparency, and allow
             | reproducibility for something as important as taxes.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | France has no State/Provincial level taxes. They also do not
           | tax global income.
           | 
           | These add major complexities to the US tax code.
        
             | triceratops wrote:
             | The US could stop taxing global income for individuals. US
             | companies don't have to pay taxes on their overseas
             | profits, why do people?
        
               | jeffdn wrote:
               | US companies do have to pay taxes on overseas profits,
               | which is why they so often have subsidiaries based
               | overseas. _Those_ entities do not have to pay those
               | taxes.
        
             | reidjs wrote:
             | If those represent major complexities maybe there can be
             | open source tax software that serves 80% of people, I.e.
             | people in coastal cities that have one job, and then the
             | remaining 20% have to pay for their software?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | So sure. You can write software that can handle a simple
               | Federal-only case. (Basically what used to be a 1040-EZ:
               | W-2(s), a couple 1099s with all the cost basis info
               | existing, standard deductions, etc.) But, at that point,
               | your taxes are pretty simple to fill out anyway and I'm
               | guessing there are even spreadsheet templates out there
               | that let you type in some numbers and everything is
               | calculated.
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | Moreover, the simple cases are also supported by the IRS
               | free fillable forms product.
               | https://www.freefilefillableforms.com/
        
               | pradn wrote:
               | The IRS could not come up with a website and TLD that
               | sounds more like a scam if they tried. :)
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | Yes, although you can get to it directly from the irs.gov
               | site it does seem confusing at first that it's on a .com
               | 
               | https://www.irs.gov/e-file-providers/free-file-fillable-
               | form...
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Note that this isn't "the IRS." It's an IRS public-
               | private partnership that people below some income
               | threshold can use for free.
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | No, it's usable by any income level. You're thinking of
               | Free File, which lets lower income users use TurboTax and
               | other products for free.
               | 
               | https://www.irs.gov/e-file-providers/free-file-fillable-
               | form...
               | 
               | > Free File Fillable Forms is the only IRS Free File
               | option available for taxpayers whose income (AGI) is
               | greater than $72,000. Taxpayers whose income is $72,000
               | or less qualify for IRS Free File partner offers, which
               | can guide you through the preparation and filing of your
               | tax return, and may include state tax filing.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yes. I misread. Though it's understandable how one could
               | confuse Free File Fillable Forms eith IRS Free File
               | partner offers.
               | 
               | As a comment upthread said. It's presumably legit because
               | it's linked to from the IRS site but almost everything
               | else sets off alarms.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | My experience of state taxes over 32 years (WA, PA and
               | NM) has been that filing these returns is easy-peasy
               | compared to my federal return (I'm self-employed).
               | 
               | I'd be happy to have a full federal filing system even if
               | it left me to do my state taxes "by hand".
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > My experience of state taxes over 32 years (WA, PA and
               | NM)
               | 
               | One of those states (WA) doesn't belong in the list of
               | states that require personal income tax returns, unless
               | you mean something else?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It's been 24 years since I was in WA :) I forgot they had
               | no income tax. Sorry.
        
               | hallway_monitor wrote:
               | There certainly can be if you want to develop and
               | maintain it.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | The states don't do the taxes manually, either.
             | 
             | Just like France, they could open source their software.
        
           | laurencerowe wrote:
           | This is great. Do most French people need to file tax
           | returns? When I lived in Britain I only needed to file when I
           | was self-employed and when I worked in Norway I got sent a
           | pre-filled tax return. Now living in the US I need to file
           | every year (both state and federally) even as a regular
           | employee with all my income reported already reported to the
           | government.
           | 
           | It all seems to be an absurd charade. Attempts to reduce the
           | bureaucratic burden are opposed by the tax return return
           | companies who bribe heavily to prevent any simplification.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | If you are an employee, usually you just have to approve it
             | on the internet, since it's taken directly, every month,
             | from your salary.
             | 
             | Even as a freelancer, it usually takes me 10 minutes on the
             | web to fill my yearly taxes nowaday. It used to be way
             | longer, with queue at the tax offices, real papers to fill,
             | etc.
             | 
             | But I do have a very convenient status, administrative
             | wise.
        
             | elcomet wrote:
             | French employees also get a pre-filled tax return, they
             | just need to check that it is correct.
        
             | Jugurtha wrote:
             | In Algeria, we have "retenue a la source". Taxes are
             | withheld and paid by the company on behalf of the employee,
             | so you don't need to do any taxes. The company takes care
             | of social Security payment and taxes, and it appears in the
             | tax returns of the company, and the employee's pay stubs.
             | The organization's accountant or accounting firm takes care
             | of it.
             | 
             | You don't interact with the revenue service as an employee,
             | or fill out forms, or something.
        
               | nwatson wrote:
               | In the U.S. this "withholding" happens as well. Regular
               | employee paychecks already lose a chunk of nominal income
               | attributed to various buckets, federal and state and
               | maybe local level. Toward the beginning of the next year
               | comes the grand reconciliation though, where what you
               | "really owe" gets computed, only roughly matching what
               | already is withheld. There are so many rules, exclusions,
               | exceptions, additions. They individually make some sense,
               | or did at some point, but are very confusing, with
               | implications that sometimes stretch over many years.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | The US uses its tax code(s) to try to implement policy.
               | Increase taxes on something to try to discourage people
               | from using/buying/participating in it. Decrease taxes or
               | offer tax credits to try to encourage something. On the
               | face of it, this is not a bad idea, but cumulatively it
               | gets pretty messy (especially when, as you note, some of
               | the policy-as-tax-code has implications over more than
               | just a single tax year).
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >some of the policy-as-tax-code has implications over
               | more than just a single tax year
               | 
               | Yes, as my finance professor used to say, make all of
               | your decisions based on after-tax.
               | 
               | Which is very relevant on a personal level to, say,
               | someone buying a house in the US with a sufficiently
               | large mortgage to itemize deductions is going to be...
               | unhappy if that deduction suddenly gets snatched away.
               | 
               | "Rules" obviously do change but there are good reasons to
               | exercise restraint with respect to established rules that
               | led individuals to make substantial commitments on the
               | basis of that rule.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | You're not wrong with this take. One of the biggest
               | policies is encouraging having children through all the
               | various credits and writeoffs you can do with having
               | children.
        
             | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
             | It's true that tax filing companies lobby to prevent
             | improvements to the tax filing system in the US, but this
             | is also aided by political parties that argue against
             | things like taxation in the first place, which is why there
             | is no bipartisan support to address this issue.
             | 
             | Keeping taxes hard to pay is an important carrot in keeping
             | the public mad about having to pay them in the first place.
             | It's governance through dark patterns.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | > Keeping taxes hard to pay is an important carrot in
               | keeping the public mad about having to pay them in the
               | first place. It's governance through dark patterns.
               | 
               | I am pretty sure the reason most people are mad about
               | having to pay taxes is the thousands/tens of
               | thousands/hundreds of thousands of dollars of their
               | income that is taken from them.
               | 
               | On the high level, I always felt fortunate that I was in
               | position to have to pay a lot of taxes. But it's pretty
               | ridiculous. Case in point, we just bought a small, 100
               | year old house on a tiny lot. New York State didn't
               | hesitate charging us a "mansion tax" on it. Believe me,
               | it's no mansion. While there's a limit to how mad I am
               | about that, it's not the paperwork that's annoying me.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | > I am pretty sure the reason most people are mad about
               | having to pay taxes is the thousands/tens of
               | thousands/hundreds of thousands of dollars of their
               | income that is taken from them.
               | 
               | Perhaps this depends. In the USA, perhaps. In Iceland,
               | not so much (https://twitter.com/iamharaldur/status/13554
               | 90017288867841).
               | 
               | In the USA you have to pay your taxes and then you have
               | to pay for your public insurances, where in most of
               | Europe these are the same things. And perhaps tax payers
               | in the USA are not happy with this. So to amend your
               | statement, perhaps a more accurate one is: Most people
               | are mad about paying taxes because of the thousands of
               | dollars of income that is taken from them _without any
               | tangible benefits_.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | I bet if high taxes for high level of public service can
               | work anywhere, Iceland is it. The population is small
               | (350,000 people) and highly homogeneous. One Icelander is
               | similar to another so problems are more common.
               | 
               | US is vastly larger. New York City alone has 3X as many
               | public school students as Iceland has people. We are
               | vastly diverse ethnically, culturally and geographically.
               | It is much harder to find "problems and solutions
               | everyone agrees to" in the US than in Iceland.
        
               | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
               | > income that is taken from them.
               | 
               | Taxation exists in every functional modern democracy and
               | there are no viable alternatives to it. States and
               | municipalities that reduce their revenues through tax
               | cuts wind up relying on things like speeding citations
               | and civil forfeiture to bridge the gap. Wouldn't you
               | rather suck it up and pay once per year than potentially
               | having assets seized by a random cop that you then have
               | to go through the legal system in order to get back?
               | You're gonna pay either way. Even in anti-tax states like
               | Texas, people get hit with massive property tax bills
               | because it's one of the only ways that the government
               | generates revenue.
               | 
               | The real problem is that the vast majority of people
               | don't really care once the money leaves their hands. You
               | don't like the mansion tax, which makes sense, but have
               | you taken the time to look at your state or city budget
               | to see where all of this money is disappearing to?
               | Because that's where the more of the focus needs to be.
               | Just glancing at the executive summary of the latest NY
               | budget(0), it looks like $86B of the $212B total goes
               | towards Medicaid alone.
               | 
               | So do we just leave the poor to not have healthcare? Why
               | does healthcare cost so much and how come despite all of
               | these tech entrants into the healthcare space, the cost
               | never seems to go down? I really hope for the sake of
               | your own argument that you don't work in healthcare,
               | because what that industry is doing to communities across
               | the nation in terms of cost is nothing short of
               | outrageous.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.osc.state.ny.us/reports/budget/review-
               | enacted-bu...
        
               | Omnitaus wrote:
               | If they were easy to pay, hard for wealthy
               | taxpayers/corporations to avoid, and actually went to
               | services you'd expect in a developed industrial society
               | (healthcare, education, research) instead of Raytheon
               | XJ-9 Knife Missiles(tm) people might not be so salty
               | about paying the 4th lowest tax rate (as a % of GDP) in
               | the OECD
               | 
               | Put another way, we are at the lowest tax rate this
               | country has seen in a century. How much lower can we
               | expect it to drop?
        
         | OneTimePetes wrote:
         | So what is actually needed, is to transfer law into a computer
         | parse-able syntax, so that software can automatically update
         | itself?
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Genuine artificial intelligence.
           | 
           | Some of the tax rules come down to "humans argued in court,
           | and another human decided between their two arguments,
           | because the law on paper was vague or poorly constructed".
        
       | lhuser123 wrote:
       | I use https://www.freefilefillableforms.com/ to submit my 1040
       | every year. It's recommended by the IRS if you know what you are
       | doing.
        
       | noodlesUK wrote:
       | One of the most brutal parts of the US tax system is the
       | informational returns you have to do if you have any
       | international connections at all. If you're unfortunate enough to
       | live abroad and be self employed or own a small business, you
       | basically get fucked. Lookup IRS form 5471.
       | 
       | The US assumes that all people who have anything to do with other
       | countries are billionaire owners of multinationals with armies of
       | lawyers to fill out paperwork.
        
       | Kyragem wrote:
       | Unhappy with turbotax I have been using freetaxusa for many years
       | which is also free.
        
       | rlv-dan wrote:
       | Title should be _American_ Open Source Tax Software.
        
       | thex10 wrote:
       | This work excites me a lot, but I can't help but wonder if this
       | should be a government-funded rather than volunteer-driven
       | effort.
        
         | schiho wrote:
         | It can start as an open source project and can end up
         | goverment-funded.
        
         | carbocation wrote:
         | Government funded efforts can be disrupted by the tax software
         | lobby.
        
         | donw wrote:
         | Should be, yes. Will be, no. Tax preparation is a multi-billion
         | dollar industry.
        
         | jjeaff wrote:
         | The IRS has to program all the rules into their system anyway.
         | If they could simply standardize those rules into a git
         | controlled Yaml file or something better suited, keeping
         | software updated could be made rather easy for open source
         | projects.
        
           | _hl_ wrote:
           | The French tax office for example has created a programming
           | language in which the legally binding tax code is defined.
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | What do people think of GNU Cash? I tried it once when I started
       | up my own company and wanted to keep books. Noticed it was very
       | much adapted for non-US audiences. Even after adding Swedish
       | account codes it was still missing a lot of info. It was
       | essentially a glorified spreadsheed. Could have stuck with
       | Libreoffice calc as far as features went.
        
       | hankdoupe wrote:
       | If you're interested in using open-source tax software for
       | analyzing policy changes, here are a few really cool projects
       | written in Python:
       | 
       | - https://taxcalc.pslmodels.org/                 - webapp here:
       | compute.studio/PSLmodels/Tax-Brain/new/
       | 
       | - https://github.com/nikhilwoodruff/openfisca-uk
       | - webapp here: https://uk.policyengine.org/
       | 
       | (disclosure: I'm one of the maintainers of Tax-Calculator and
       | Compute Studio)
        
       | slownews45 wrote:
       | Google link if helpful.
       | 
       | https://sites.google.com/view/incometaxspreadsheet/home
        
       | la_fayette wrote:
       | Is there something like this for Germany?
        
         | 2ion wrote:
         | elster.de is the official means to input your tax info
         | supported by the tax office. However, it's largely an online
         | form with some legalese and dry formal explanations in a
         | sidebar.
         | 
         | You can largely use it if you know what you are doing or have
         | the most simplest tax case, but it won't offer you suggestions
         | how to optimize taxes, and doesn't include large lists of items
         | that you could possibly deduct. This service is offered by
         | proprietary tax tools like WISO or QuickSteuer which offer
         | questionnaires trying to cover more details of your tax
         | situation to find out opportunities to optimize, and include
         | large help files that contain examples and explanations.
         | 
         | Cost for these proprietary tools can be very low, they go on
         | sale for like EUR5-EUR10 at discounters during tax season or
         | are like EUR20 for the fully featured versions.
         | 
         | These tools also manage items like long-term deductions over
         | the years, so that's their lock in effect.
        
         | sdfjkl wrote:
         | There's Elster.de
        
       | city41 wrote:
       | > Your options are to do it by hand, pay someone like Intuit, or
       | if you are below a certain income threshold get some tax software
       | for free
       | 
       | You can also hire an accountant. Our accountant does our taxes
       | for just a tad more than what TurboTax's self employed tier
       | costs. Even if we could get away with TurboTax's deluxe tier, I'd
       | still argue the slight added cost of the accountant is well worth
       | it.
        
       | the_pwner224 wrote:
       | You don't need software to file taxes. You can download the forms
       | (1040, etc.) from the IRS website (and your state IRS's website),
       | fill them in, print them out, and mail them to the IRS. It costs
       | a few (literally a few) dollars for the postage and a certificate
       | of mailing from the USPS as proof that you had the forms sent out
       | by the deadline.
       | 
       | The forms are not super straightforward but not incredibly
       | complex either. For most normal people with a W-2 or 1099/self-
       | employed income, retirement savings accounts, and some
       | brokerage/investment accounts, you should be able to get it done
       | in a weekend of research & work using resources on the internet,
       | referencing the IRS's instructions for their forms, and using
       | your previous year's return as a reference. And less time in
       | future years once you've figured out how it works. You will need
       | Adobe PDF software, but it's libre and a Windows virtual machine
       | with the network connection disabled will solve that if you use
       | Linux on your computer.
       | 
       | It's not for everyone, but if you don't want to support the evil
       | tax industry in the US (there have been a number of posts on HN
       | about this) then it's a good option.
       | 
       | Additionally, you can create an account on Turbotax and fill in
       | all your information (but with fake name, SSN, employer tax
       | numbers, etc.) and it'll tell you the amount of remaining tax
       | obligation / tax return that it calculates. So you can use that
       | to verify that you did everything properly. Turbotax only charges
       | money to actually submit the return through them; even if you
       | would normally require a paid TurboTax plan (e.g. for
       | contractors, living in multiple states, etc.) you can still go
       | through the process and get the final number without paying.
       | 
       | I did this for the first time this spring and was able to get it
       | done in a weekend. I had W-2 and 1099 income/deductions and lived
       | in multiple states last year. From what I can recall, basically
       | the form 1040 is the 'root of the tree'; your W-2 income goes
       | into that and every other taxable/deductible thing you do ends up
       | aggregated into the 1040. The schedules (A,B,C,...) of the 1040
       | are like the first level child nodes; each one has a different
       | topic(s) like self employment gains/losses, farming/fishing
       | income, etc. so you can skim over them and see what applies to
       | you, then fill out the ones you need to and enter their totals
       | back into the 1040. The schedules will have lines into which you
       | aggregate specific incomes/deductions, and the instructions for
       | the schedules will have details on how to calculate all of that.
       | And for other special deductions there are lines in the
       | 1040/schedules that mention them. I'm not a CPA so don't blame me
       | if you follow those instructions and something goes wrong.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | Last I checked, the federal forms are fillable PDFs that work
         | with libre software (eg evince). The forms themselves are quite
         | straightforward, the problem is everything leading up to the
         | forms.
         | 
         | To me, the value proposition of tax software is that it walks
         | you through all the topics interview style, so you can kind of
         | relax and go with its flow. Otherwise you've got to create that
         | structure yourself - determining what's relevant, sorting
         | income into categories, figuring out what boxes it's supposed
         | to go in, what schedules you need, etc.
         | 
         | I wonder if libre software that only did the interview portion
         | would be more sustainable. It could create category tallies and
         | supporting statements that don't really change every year, and
         | direct you to fill those numbers in on the forms in the
         | appropriate box. Then it wouldn't have the maintenance burden
         | of creating print-ready forms that haven't even been released
         | until taxes are due.
        
         | kamray23 wrote:
         | The website addresses that in the first paragraph. You can, as
         | they did, do it manually yourself. However, you're very likely
         | to make unnoticeable mistakes due to it being a government tax
         | form. Using a weekend to do something a computer can do for you
         | in seconds is both a waste of time and likely to make you spend
         | another weekend amending it after they send it back.
         | 
         | The vast majority of people just want it to work like it works
         | everywhere else. Computers handle it, and you overwrite
         | anything that the computers can't know so that it's correct.
         | That's what tax software is for, and that's what these projects
         | try to accomplish in a FOSS way.
        
           | the_pwner224 wrote:
           | Oops! I went to the article but skipped straight to the
           | second half... the highlighted Excel formula caught my
           | attention.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ivolimmen wrote:
       | I keep being perplexed by how the Americans do stuff. I am Dutch
       | and my government makes it (relatively) easy to do taxes. We got
       | a website we can go to; it's filled by the government and we just
       | need to verify that it is filled correctly and then click submit.
       | Some people can make adjustments where needed and if needed. You
       | can also let an accountant do it for you but that is optional;
       | but useful if you have had a turbulent year that makes takes more
       | difficult (like selling and buying a new house). When they did
       | not use a website (a few years back) they offered a downloadable
       | application that was available under Windows, MacOS and Linux
       | (GTK). It worked fine.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Finland has it even simpler. If I don't want to add anything
         | they just send me calculation and if I do nothing either I get
         | transferred money or they send me a bill.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | In the UK, most people don't need to do anything at all.
         | Generally only self-employed or those with "unusual" incomes
         | need to manually declare and pay taxes. It's your duty to check
         | your tax code, but if it's correct (it almost always is) you
         | can just let the system work.
        
         | dado3212 wrote:
         | Yeah, this kind of thing has been suggested a lot, and then
         | TurboTax lobbies to kill it. See
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/inside-turbotax-20-year-f...
         | and more.
        
         | Vinnl wrote:
         | I think the Linux app was TCL/TK, so it looked hideous and
         | quite out of place, but surprisingly was available and worked
         | well. Although I think back then the application was only for
         | filing though - pre-filling was added later.
         | 
         | Now with the website it's all much easier still though.
        
         | addandsubtract wrote:
         | Filing taxes in Germany is just as tedious as in the US. There
         | are a couple of startups now simplifying the process, but at
         | the end of the day, you're still responsible for knowing the
         | tax codes or hiring an accountant.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | Same here in France, there's a website with a multi-stage form,
         | with fields for various things ( revenues, deductions, etc.).
         | Everything they know (revenues from employment, self-
         | employment, investments via French entities, etc.) is pre-
         | filled, you just have to check it, and if something is missing
         | you add it. For 90% of people it's a matter of next-next-check
         | this value with my payslip-next-next.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | At what point will taxes be collected at the EU level?
        
             | aaaaahaaaaa wrote:
             | They're not, EU doesn't collect taxes. It can however
             | influence national tax policies.
        
           | BrandoElFollito wrote:
           | Using the site is easy, it gets much more complicated the
           | moment you have something to add (due to the enormous
           | complexity of the tax system, even for simple things).
           | 
           | But I agree that almost for everyone it is a 30 seconds
           | exercise to do the taxes.
        
         | asciimov wrote:
         | > I keep being perplexed by how the Americans do stuff.
         | 
         | Our brand of conservatism is informed by Calvinism and hard
         | core Capitalism.
         | 
         | Those in charge believe in using religion to control and the
         | purpose of everything is to make someone money.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | The site seems down but I _really_ want to see how someone was
       | able to fit the entirety of the US tax code into an Excel
       | workbook.
        
         | Mathnerd314 wrote:
         | The excel1040 site is/was just a redirect to
         | https://sites.google.com/view/incometaxspreadsheet/home
        
       | bjarneh wrote:
       | Filing personal taxes in the US sounds like filing taxes for a
       | company in other countries. A complete nightmare consisting of
       | tons of forms that some bureaucrat dreamed up, which nobody
       | really knows how to fill out correctly. Software exists to fill
       | them out for you, and if you use some well-known software to do
       | it, it's just assumed to be correct by everyone; including the
       | state.
        
         | drstewart wrote:
         | 90% of people in the US could fill out their taxes by hand in
         | less than 5 minutes. It's <12 lines on a one page form
         | (1040-EZ) and half of those won't even apply to everyone.
         | 
         | Yes, the IRS could do even this for you, but there's a myth
         | that US taxes are always monstrously complicated that everyone
         | likes to perpetuate:
         | 
         | 1) The tax companies like it because it keeps people scared of
         | doing it themselves
         | 
         | 2) Tax reform advocates like it because it's they can cluck and
         | shake their head at the corrupt government and tax companies
         | 
         | 3) It _can_ get complicated if you have a complicated tax
         | situation
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | This poster agrees with you. It only took them a single
           | weekend to get them done this year:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28756358
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | > _90% of people in the US could fill out their taxes by hand
           | in less than 5 minutes. It 's <12 lines on a one page form
           | (1040-EZ)_
           | 
           | Even when 1040-EZ was a thing (which it isn't any more), it
           | was only relevant for filers with no dependents (e.g. no
           | children), and given that something like 40% of households
           | have children under 18 I am pretty sure that 90% is a bogus.
        
           | AmericanChopper wrote:
           | US tax laws are monstrously complicated. There's a couple
           | thousand pages of tax code, along with close to 10,000 pages
           | of IRS regulations, that you won't understand adequately
           | unless you've also studied the many tens of thousands of
           | pages of related case law. There is no single person alive
           | who fully understands US tax laws, and even a well resourced
           | team of people likely won't when combined.
           | 
           | It's possible to understand it well enough to get by, but
           | you're pretty much guaranteed to make mistakes in one way or
           | another, and some of those mistakes are pretty much
           | guaranteed to be criminal offences. You could live your whole
           | life without that ever becoming an issue, but the gamble
           | you're taking isn't that you're never going to make a mistake
           | (you will), it's that the IRS will never commit any
           | considerable resources to investigating your mistakes.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | There is a ton of tax code, but if you have W2 income in
             | one state and only contributed to a 401k then virtually
             | none of those pages of laws apply to you. Most people fall
             | into this category.
             | 
             | Genuine errors on your taxes are also not criminal
             | offenses.
        
             | NikolaeVarius wrote:
             | > some of those mistakes are pretty much guaranteed to be
             | criminal offences.
             | 
             | Unless there is malicious intent, the IRS does not give a
             | fuck. They will bring it up, and ask you to fix it.
        
           | throwaway889900 wrote:
           | The 1040EZ is deprecated. https://www.irs.gov/forms-
           | pubs/about-form-1040-ez
        
         | qzw wrote:
         | This perception is what keeps a lot of tax preparation
         | companies in business. I know people who could fill out their
         | taxes in 10 minutes, who would instead pay hundreds of dollars
         | every year to have it done by one of those "tax stores." If US
         | high schools would spend one day to walk kids through filling
         | out a tax return, they'd probably put H&R Block out of
         | business. Which is also why it's won't ever happen.
        
           | Moto7451 wrote:
           | Both you and the parent are right. I actually did get basic
           | filing instructions in high school and managed to handle my
           | own taxes easily for the first fourteen of my working years.
           | 
           | Eventually my taxes fell into the realm of forms that even
           | CPAs can make mistakes on or are unfamiliar with. I am really
           | conservative with this stuff and really make sure to pay what
           | I owe. I, or my CPA, still make mistakes that result in the
           | State or Federal government sending me small "you paid us too
           | much" checks every so often. That's been true when I've done
           | it myself, used TurboTax, or used CPAs. I have a friend with
           | similarly complicated taxes and she just got her first "you
           | owe us $XX" letter for this TY2020 and another $XX check in
           | her favor for TY2018 and TY2019 making the whole thing a
           | wash.
           | 
           | If they can tell you that you paid the wrong amount a couple
           | months after filing it feels like for those on a W2 and
           | without unreported 1099 income they could just send a
           | statement with an invoice if you owe and a check if you're
           | owed. The status quo for those individuals really is as you
           | say. There's enough complexity baked in that people throw
           | their hands up in the air and just pay the $100 for basic tax
           | prep that should be unnecessary in the first place and is not
           | much more difficult than balancing a checking book.
        
             | qzw wrote:
             | Yes, I have also gotten those. Pretty nice to get a check
             | that you weren't expecting, from the IRS no less. In my
             | experience a lot of CPAs are very dependent on tax prep
             | software anyway. It might be more advanced
             | "professional"tax software, but still has limitations. A
             | good CPA will be more aware of those limitations ahead of
             | time, but mistakes are almost inevitable over the course of
             | a few years.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > If US high schools would spend one day to walk kids through
           | filling out a tax return, they'd probably put H&R Block out
           | of business.
           | 
           | Lmao no. Look at the number of people who eat out every day
           | instead of cooking.
           | 
           | People go to H&R Block because filing taxes is tedious,
           | boring and can land you in jail (or at least, serious legal
           | hot water) if done wrong.
        
       | CheezeIt wrote:
       | No way would I ever trust open source tax software not to mess
       | things up somehow. The paid software has a big incentive to get
       | it right.
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | Equifax controls as much of our lives as tax software. Possibly
         | more. And there are no penalties for screwing up repeatedly.
        
           | CheezeIt wrote:
           | What's your point?
        
         | cable2600 wrote:
         | Paid software like Turbotax has hand-holding via the web
         | interface or helpline chat over the app. Tech support is
         | included in the price.
        
           | CheezeIt wrote:
           | If it were open source, then somebody else could repackage it
           | and sell it themselves.
        
         | bsdnoob wrote:
         | Do you not trust any opensource software and prefer only paid
         | software to build your systems?
        
           | CheezeIt wrote:
           | Obviously not, that's why I specified tax software.
        
           | orangepurple wrote:
           | Guess who is going to get pulled into court when someone's
           | taxes get screwed up and the IRS comes after them?
        
             | Mathnerd314 wrote:
             | > the IRS doesn't consider accidental mistakes as fraud. A
             | case for intention has to be made before the IRS actually
             | charges you with a crime.
             | 
             | It's relatively easy to screw up your taxes by misentering
             | a number into the paid software as well. The various
             | guarantees the paid software people offer don't cover this
             | sort of situation. I don't think this is really a factor.
        
             | jjeaff wrote:
             | Do you think if that happened while using Intuit software,
             | they are going to pull intuit into court? When you prepare
             | your taxes using software, it all looks the same once the
             | IRS receives it. It will show up as self prepared. If you
             | pay a CPA to do it, then they also sign the return. But in
             | either case, you will be responsible for underpaying your
             | taxes and will have to make up the difference. I doubt any
             | of the software companies offer any kind of guarantee.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The big tax companies do offer some guarantees of the
               | accuracy of their calculations.
               | 
               | Which is probably not the kind of mistake you'll have on
               | your taxes anyway. Basic arithmetic is easy. And if you
               | do make these mistakes it's not likely the IRS does
               | anything more than correcting it. But it's more than no
               | guarantee.
               | 
               | Also they do provide human support.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | As far as I know, all the tax software tells you you are
             | responsible in the end.
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | Open source can be paid.
        
           | CheezeIt wrote:
           | No it can't.
        
             | latexr wrote:
             | Keka[1] and Textual[2] are both open-source and you can pay
             | for them on the Mac App Store or direct purchase. The
             | former gives you compiled builds either way; the latter
             | only if you pay.
             | 
             | [1]: https://github.com/aonez/Keka
             | 
             | [2]: https://github.com/Codeux-Software/Textual
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | I bought my first Linux distro in a box on a shelf in a
             | store.
        
               | redis_mlc wrote:
               | My first linux distro was 40 floppies, then an Yggdrasil
               | CD, then various Redhat and SUSE (for Reiserfs) boxed
               | sets from Fry's.
               | 
               | The guy in my apt. building who loaned me the floppies
               | got a full-time linux job the next day. :)
               | 
               | The huge advantage of Linux over SCO (which was
               | unbundled) were the free networking, X11, compilers ...
               | and multiple virtual terminals.
               | 
               | So I was one of the first serious Reiserfs users - even
               | SUSE reps don't believe me when I say I was using it in
               | production (for mail server workloads) around 2001. :)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yggdrasil_Linux/GNU/X
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS
        
               | CheezeIt wrote:
               | Be serious.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I am serious. And Red Hat had $3.4 billion in revenue the
               | year it was acquired. There are plenty of people getting
               | paid to write open source software. The top contributors
               | to open source projects are frequently for-profit
               | companies. Open source != hobbyist.
               | 
               | There's nothing about paid software development that
               | requires source code to be kept private.
        
               | CheezeIt wrote:
               | Their customers aren't paying for the software.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | They do make a lot of money from value add services, but
               | in some cases, yes they absolutely are paying for
               | software. This is fairly common when people want
               | features/updates that don't yet exist.
        
               | CheezeIt wrote:
               | That's paying for the development of the software.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | thewakalix wrote:
         | Obligatory reminder that libre software need not be $0.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Sounds like a minefield. How do you know which formulas have been
       | updated for the latest law changes? Hire a tax guy?
        
       | nikkinana wrote:
       | Clickbait bullshit blog post. Do some actual code asshole.
        
       | 3gg wrote:
       | The real problem here is that Intuit and other companies lobby
       | millions to maintain their status quo. The right thing to do
       | would be to put every single dollar spent on these corporations
       | into a government program that develops this kind of software or
       | even does the taxes for you (this already exists in many
       | countries in the EU.) Instead, in the US, you pay for Turbotax,
       | they make a profit out if it, and then they use part of the money
       | to lobby and keep the tax code and system rigged for their own
       | benefit. I don't know if open source software is the solution
       | here -- and as far as I know, the tax forms change every year, so
       | it will be forever playing catch-up -- but it seems to be missing
       | the point entirely.
        
         | j_m_b wrote:
         | The US government is always honest and most assuredly will make
         | their software with the end user in mind. Combined with the
         | excellent customer support offered by the IRS and the US
         | government's proven track record in creating stable software
         | used by millions, this would be the best solution.
        
           | fnord123 wrote:
           | Sarcasm aside, the IRS customer support is excellent.
        
             | pkaye wrote:
             | 10 years ago I had some special tax situation that the two
             | tax preparers I consulted were not familiar with. They took
             | the safe route in preparing the paperwork. So I called up
             | the IRS support line and a specialist talked with me in
             | detail about my situation and told me the proper way to do
             | it and it saved me $5k in taxes.
        
             | qzw wrote:
             | Absolutely, but wait times have been increasing due to
             | budget cuts. There's an unhealthy fear/contempt of the IRS
             | in the US. It's one of the most important government
             | agencies, and it should be treated as such and given the
             | resources to serve the people better, instead of serving as
             | a perpetual political punching bag.
        
             | spaetzleesser wrote:
             | I can confirm that. I once had a problem with business tax,
             | called them and I was surprised how well they treated me
             | and gave advice.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Almost as if their job is to make sure that you pay taxes
               | correctly... It really makes sense that they would want
               | it to be correct as it is less potential work for them.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | You can have a correct expensive tax file and you can
               | have a correct not so expensive tax file.
        
           | 3gg wrote:
           | I can only assume you're being sarcastic, but this kind of
           | attitude only benefits these corporations. It is a common
           | tactic by the rich oligarchies to defund and delegitimize
           | government institutions so that they are scorned by the
           | population and eventually privatized -- a move that only
           | benefits them in the end. I would suggest Noam Chomsky's
           | "Requiem for the American Dream: The 10 Principles of
           | Concentration of Wealth & Power."
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | diegocg wrote:
           | In Spain the tax filling software provided by the government
           | was migrated to a JavaScript browser based interface years
           | ago (it was a Java app before).
           | 
           | The interface is responsive. I literally can send my taxes
           | while I shit. The biggest hurdle is that the day the tax
           | season starts servers can't deal with the load (because
           | apparently everyone wants to be Ned Flanders and file their
           | taxes the first day).
           | 
           | Thanks to the national ID e-card (which does have a chip with
           | a private key and a certificate signed by the government's
           | certificate authority) I don't even need a login/password to
           | enter the tax agency web site, the card proves my identity.
           | 
           | This is not some advanced e-government shit, it's routine and
           | every advanced country is expected to have it (just like
           | universal healthcare, clean water or paved roads). Even
           | development countries are starting to have these kind of web
           | services.
           | 
           | At this point I suspect some people get paid to spread
           | bullshit like this.
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | >> even does the taxes for you
         | 
         | This should exist. 80% of US citizens can just have this done
         | right now.
         | 
         | >> government program that develops this kind of software
         | 
         | This should not for the remaining 20%.
        
           | 3gg wrote:
           | Right. For most people that are on a payroll and maybe have a
           | 401k and what not, tax preparation should be easily
           | automated. In some EU countries, the government will send you
           | a draft that you basically just have to sign and send back.
           | For the remaining 20% (likely even less than 10%) of people
           | with more exotic investments, it is probably safe to assume
           | that they either have the knowledge to handle the edge cases
           | themselves or the wealth to pay someone to do it for them.
           | 
           | It should also be noted that the IRS already has all of the
           | information about you anyway. Your bank, your brokers, etc
           | all send copies of your financials to them. At that point,
           | filling in a tax return by hand is basically a potential form
           | of punishment for not doing your homework right.
        
             | desas wrote:
             | In the UK 80% of the population don't even have to sign
             | anything and send it back. The rest have some employment
             | income information on a website and have to supply the rest
             | of the data, I found it pretty straight forward when I did
             | it for the first time.
        
         | umeshunni wrote:
         | I see this comment on every single article about taxation on
         | reddit and HN, but can you be a bit more specific and identify
         | what this lobbying does and actually point at some examples?
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | https://www.propublica.org/series/the-turbotax-trap
           | 
           | Propublica is the definitive outlet for reporting on this
           | stuff. They've spent years digging into bills and the
           | millions that Intuit and H&R block spend lobbying around tax
           | reform.                   > "For a decade proposals have
           | sought to create IRS tax software or a ReturnFree Tax System;
           | All were stopped," reads a confidential 2007 PowerPoint
           | presentation from an Intuit board of directors meeting. The
           | company's 2014-15 plan included manufacturing "3rd-party
           | grass roots" support.[0]
           | 
           | Also of note was how after they conceded to making a
           | government-mandated (bad, hamstrung) free filing software
           | alternative for those making below $39k, Intuit blocked it
           | from Google with robots.txt:
           | https://www.propublica.org/article/turbotax-deliberately-
           | hid...
           | 
           | ...Which is important because if you start from _anywhere_
           | else on their site, they 'll begin hurling upsell dark
           | patterns at the user, despite proclaiming "free" in copy in
           | many places.
           | 
           | Right now, if I google "file taxes for free usa," the page
           | "TurboTax Free Edition"[1] ranks higher - which is _not the
           | same software._ And, of course, they do not link to the
           | actual FreeFile page from there.[2]
           | 
           | Edit: turns out that Intuit will no longer be offering that
           | government-sponsored Free File alternative after this year
           | (disclosed in a blog post titled "Accelerating Technology
           | Innovation," hah)[3]. Good riddance. The US Treasury
           | Inspector General found that only 2.4% of taxpayers (2.5
           | million) actually used the free file software, whereas _5.5x
           | that number_ could have filed for free, but were likely
           | charged for it instead:                   > TIGTA estimates
           | that more than 14 million taxpayers met the Free File Program
           | criteria and may have paid a fee to e-file their Federal tax
           | return in the 2019 Filing Season.[4]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.propublica.org/article/inside-
           | turbotax-20-year-f... [1]
           | https://turbotax.intuit.com/personal-taxes/online/free-
           | editi... [2] https://freefile.intuit.com/ [3]
           | https://www.intuit.com/blog/news-social/accelerating-
           | technol... [4] PDF: https://www.treasury.gov/tigta/auditrepor
           | ts/2020reports/2020...
        
           | junar wrote:
           | The story of ReadyReturn in California is a pretty clear
           | example.
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/transcripts/521132960
        
             | umeshunni wrote:
             | Aha, here's the actual interesting bit:
             | 
             | The intensity of industry opposition to CalFile has not
             | gone unnoticed in Washington, D.C. In February, IRS
             | commissioner Mark Everson told Congress that he was
             | reluctant to set up an IRS direct e-file system in part
             | because of the bruising battle he witnessed in
             | California...And that leaves federal taxpayers with little
             | prospect of a direct-to-government e-filing system anytime
             | soon...In fact, the industry already ran Big Brother-themed
             | ads in California when tax authorities there were setting
             | up CalFile, a direct e-filing system for state taxes. Lenny
             | Goldberg, the head of the California Tax Reform
             | Association, says Intuit is leading the charge against
             | direct e-filing.
             | 
             | But looking at https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/ways-to-
             | file/online/calfile/inde... , it looks like I can file my
             | taxes for 2020 via CalFile, so what is this about then?
             | ReadyReturn?
             | 
             | Well, according to
             | 
             | https://priceonomics.com/the-stanford-professor-who-
             | fought-t... There is one program in America, however, that
             | provides some taxpayers with completed tax returns. Since
             | 2007, around 80,000 California taxpayers each year have
             | paid state income taxes this way under a program called
             | ReadyReturn.
             | 
             | ReadyReturn survived corporate lobbying for one reason: Joe
             | Bankman decided to make easy tax filing his personal
             | mission, and he spent $30,000 to hire a lobbyist to counter
             | lobbying by Intuit, the maker of TurboTax software.
             | 
             | but here's something more interesting:
             | 
             | Since 2015, the tax preparation industry has persuaded
             | lawmakers to include a line in the annual appropriations
             | bill that bars the IRS from offering pre-populated returns
             | to taxpayers. The Financial Services and General Government
             | Appropriations Bill approved by the Senate last month
             | extends that ban another year.
             | 
             | The codification of Free File in the Taxpayer First Act and
             | the extended ban on pre-populated returns in the
             | appropriations bill are steps in precisely the wrong
             | direction.
        
               | adabyron wrote:
               | I would be happy if there was just a place to upload the
               | form to online. No fancy software needed. I have to mail
               | my Quarterly 941 every quarter or pay some overpriced
               | software to do it - https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-
               | form-941
               | 
               | I think the popular counter argument is worth knowing.
               | The TurboTaxes of the world argue that if the Government
               | just sent you a pre-filled out form they could mess up
               | many of them & you would possibly overpay if you didn't
               | do your due diligence. This tends to get support from
               | those who like to argue in favor of ideas such as
               | "smaller govt" & "govt is inefficient compared to
               | businesses where the capitalism market will pick the
               | winners". Obviously both of these ideas are highly
               | controversial.
        
       | DudeInBasement wrote:
       | What will happen first, Open source Tax software, Or Open source
       | voting software
        
       | phuff wrote:
       | The US government provides this online for free. Only the edgiest
       | of edge cases aren't supported. You can e-file your federal
       | return with this regardless of how much money you make. You still
       | have to do the calculations yourself. But you don't have to use
       | paper.
       | 
       | https://www.irs.gov/e-file-providers/free-file-fillable-form...
        
         | the_svd_doctor wrote:
         | Right. But doing the calculation is pretty hard for most
         | people. Add that to the risk associated to making mistakes and
         | most people will probably prefer paying a bit and have a
         | """guarantee""" that there are no mistakes. (I don't disagree
         | he. Just pointing it out.)
        
           | jjeaff wrote:
           | Yes, and it's not just calculations. It's things like, "if
           | section F line 27 is greater than the total in section B line
           | 12, subtract the amount in section z line 127 from this total
           | and multiply the result by the appropriate tax rate (see long
           | form instructions for form 478B and fill out Worksheet 12C to
           | calculate your appropriate tax rate).
           | 
           | This is not a verbatim quote, but solar to what you have to
           | do now to calculate health care insurance subsidies.
        
             | joshuaheard wrote:
             | I build a spread sheet for all the forms and worksheets
             | that require calculations. FreeFillableForms does some of
             | the calculations for you, and does not have any worksheets.
             | Excel has formulas for everything I have encountered paying
             | taxes, and I have a joint account with stock options and
             | several rental property LLCs.
             | 
             | As a bonus, the spreadsheets are generally reusable, after
             | checking to make sure there are no changes.
        
               | gorbachev wrote:
               | FreeFillableForms is great and has saved me a ton of
               | time, but it does not do the calculations automatically
               | for every field. You still have to manually lookup
               | certain things from tables. It's freakin' frustrating,
               | because there's no reason why it couldn't automate those
               | as well.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Even more frustrating because it doesn't tell you that
               | you haven't done the calculation or worse, you haven't
               | transferred a field from one form to another.
               | 
               | I failed to copy my self-employment tax back to my 1040
               | for 2020, despite having calculated it correctly. No
               | warnings, the form filing went smoothly, and 4 months
               | later I got a notice from the IRS.
               | 
               | It's insanity.
        
         | ivalm wrote:
         | Except it's very useful to be able to import the many many
         | forms for the various sources of income automatically. If
         | you're just a w2 and a 1099-int then yes, obviously it's not
         | hard to file taxes manually.
        
           | junar wrote:
           | Those features are really only viable at the scale of large
           | commercial tax software, not the efforts described in the
           | submitted post.
           | 
           | PDFs aren't exactly used in a standardized way, so trying to
           | make this work for even a fraction of the numerous tax form
           | issuers requires a lot of work, and a lot of ongoing
           | maintenance. You'll need to prioritize the actual tax forms,
           | and annual updates to those first.
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | Sure, but this just means open source tax software isn't
             | viable. TurboTax integrates with most financial services
             | Americans use, to compete with them this functionality has
             | to be matched somehow.
        
             | jjeaff wrote:
             | I used TurboTax online last year and was pretty happy with
             | it's ability to import 1099 data from several companies I
             | use like vanguard and Ameritrade. So the PDFs aren't
             | standardized but many providers have apis to pull the data.
             | In fact, they may be using something like Plaid that
             | consolidates all the APIs into one.
        
               | junar wrote:
               | Well, TurboTax happens to be the most widely used large
               | commercial tax software, and the brokers you mentioned
               | are also quite large and popular. Whatever integration
               | has been done is almost certainly proprietary and not
               | freely reusable.
               | 
               | Hypothetically, even if an API existed, building the
               | integration in your own app also costs FTE hours that are
               | likely drawn away to higher priority tasks.
        
         | sova wrote:
         | It's 2021 and you see no problem with this?
        
         | snackematician wrote:
         | I use Free File Fillable Forms together with excel1040.com.
         | First I fill in the numbers in Excel, then into Free File
         | Fillable Forms, and check that they get the same answers. It
         | works well for me.
        
       | joshuaheard wrote:
       | All of the IRS forms are in pdf format. The form fields are
       | programmable in Adobe Acrobat. One could code in all the
       | necessary computations into the form fields and combine all the
       | forms into a booklet.
        
       | zoobab wrote:
       | Every country has its own tax laws, impossible to implement and
       | to use. Plus politicians keep changing the tax laws all the time.
        
       | mbil wrote:
       | Here's the GitHub repo of one of the projects mentioned in the
       | article: https://github.com/ustaxes/UsTaxes
        
       | leosarev wrote:
       | Meanwhile, at site of russian federal tax service:
       | 
       | - https://imgur.com/a/NUZZlJM (file for tax returns)
       | 
       | - https://imgur.com/a/gUGf9wU (all income, automatically known by
       | tax authority by electronic data exchange with my employer and
       | broker)
       | 
       | - https://imgur.com/a/Nvh5RI8 (all my estates taxes,
       | automatically calculated and sent as invoice to my bank)
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | The effort should be focused on forcing states to standardize
       | their tax code and states/IRS to provide a simple filing service.
       | If the answer to what's blocking it is "some corporations
       | wouldn't like it" then it can't be that big a problem
        
       | tldrthelaw wrote:
       | Tax attorney here, these are great resources and should be
       | encouraged. A lot of folks (looking at you, Intuit) spend a lot
       | of money to make a lot more keeping a lock on the market.
       | 
       | These kinds of initiatives don't get everyone all the way there
       | (see: other comments about edge cases) but they can go a long way
       | towards educating folks about what filing looks like -- and at
       | least some of them will give it a go themselves.
       | 
       | tldr: good post
        
       | davidjytang wrote:
       | Taiwan govt prepopulates tax forms for you. Just go to their
       | website via smartphone or computer, you just click next next next
       | and fill in credit card info if you need to pay more tax or bank
       | account number for tax return.
       | 
       | It takes me like 5 minutes to file tax every year.
        
       | wyclif wrote:
       | excel1040.com appears to be down.
        
       | trezemanero wrote:
       | >Filing taxes in America sucks
       | 
       | Come to Brazil and the Receita Federal will suck you dry
        
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       (page generated 2021-10-05 23:02 UTC)